UPSSSC PET Official Paper (Held on: 16 October 2022 Shift 1) (Previous Year Paper)

The correct answer is option1.

Key Points

• Nationalisation of banks was implemented under the Banking Companies (Acquisition and Transfer of Undertakings) Act of 1970.
• The ordinance came into force on 19 July 1969,
• To serve better the needs of development of the economy in conformity with national policy objectives.​

Additional Information

• It was on July 19, 1969, when then prime minister Indira Gandhi announced the nationalisation of 14 commercial Indian banks with deposits of over Rs 50 crores.
• On 24 Sep 1969, National Institute of Bank Management (NIBM) was set up.
• Reserve Bank of India -
• It was established on 1^st April, 1935 in accordance with the provisions of the Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934.
• The central office of the Reserve Bank was initially located in Kolkata.
• Which was permanently shifted to Mumbai in 1937.

The correct answer is Globalisation.

 The primary outcome of the liberalization and privatization initiatives under the New Economic Policy (NEP) in 1991 was Globalization.

Key Points

• India's New Economic Policy (NEP) -

• It was signed on July 24, 1991 by the then Union Finance Minister Dr. Manmohan Singh and Prime Minister P.V. Narasimha Rao started it.

• The main objective of this policy was to globalize the Indian economy.

• So that the Indian economy can take advantage of the opportunities available in the global economy.

Additional Information

• At present, there are only 5 sectors in the country (related to security, strategic and environmental concerns) in which the private sector will need to get a license to enter.
• To capitalize on the benefits of liberalization and globalization -
• The number of industries reserved for the public sector has been reduced.
• During the year 2014 -Private investment in rail infrastructure has also been allowed.
• At present, only 2 industrial areas are reserved for the public sector and all other sectors have been opened to the private sector.
• The areas reserved for the public sector are -
• Nuclear Energy
• railway operations

The correct answer is M.S. Swaminathan.

Key Points

• M S  Swaminathan is the Father of the Green Revolution in India.
• He developed high-yielding wheat hybrids in 1966 by mixing seeds from Mexico with domestic varieties from Punjab.

Additional Information

• ​Dr. Verghese Kurien -
• He was the founding chairman of the 'National Dairy Development Board' from 1965 to 1998.
• He was the father of the Indian White Revolution.
• Which helped India to emerge as the largest milk producer in the world.
• Sam Pitroda -
• He is an Indian inventor and telecommunication engineer.
• He was born in Titlagarh in the eastern Indian state of Odisha.
• He is popularly known as the Father of India's Computer and IT Revolution.

The correct answer is Ireland.

Key Points

• Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP) -
• It is described in Articles 36 to 51 in Part 4 of the Indian Constitution.
• DPSPs are taken from the Constitution of Ireland (1937).

Additional Information

• ​Amendment in DPSP, 42^nd Constitutional Amendment, 1976 -
• Some changes were made in Part IV of the Constitution by adding new instructions to it -
• Article 39A - To provide free legal aid to the poor.
• Article 43A - Participation of workers in the management of industries.
• Article 48A - To protect and improve the environment.

The correct answer is Option 2

Key Points

• Article 19(1)(a) -
• Freedom of speech and expression,
• to every citizen by speech, writing, painting, drawing, or in any other manner,
• Provides the right to freely express one's views and beliefs.

Additional Information

• Right against exploitation (Article 23-24) -
• In order to protect the weaker sections of society,
• Indian citizens have been guaranteed the right against exploitation through Article 23 and Article 24 of the Constitution.
• The Right to Constitutional Remedies is included in Article 32 of the Indian Constitution.
• In Articles 25 to 28 -
• The right to freedom of religion is guaranteed under the Constitution.
• Every Indian citizen has the right to peacefully practice, profess, propogate their religion.
• This protection is given to every religion that is originated in India or outside whose followers are living in India like Jainism, Hinduism, Buddhism, Sikhism, Islam, Christianity, Judaism etc.

The correct answer is The legislature.

Key Points

• In a parliamentary system, the executive is responsible to the elected legislature.

Additional Information

• ​Parliamentary System -
• The parliamentary system of government is responsible to the legislature.
• In this system, the head of the state and the head of the government are separate persons.
• The executive is the main ruler.
• India has a parliamentary system of government.
• The parliamentary government system is also called a cabinet system of government or a responsible system of government.
• Presidential System -
• In this system, often the head of the state is also the head of the government (executive).
• More importantly, in the presidential system, the executive does not derive its democratic legitimacy from the legislature.
• In this system, the President is the ruler.

The correct answer is Two-tier Government.

Key Points

• The Indian Constitution is a beautiful amalgamation of both a federal system and a unitary system.
• The Indian Constitution is called a federal constitution on the basis that it is a written constitution.
• It provides for a supreme and independent judiciary.
• And in this, there is a clear division of powers between the center and the states.

Additional Information

• ​The main features of the Indian Constitution are as follows -
• Written and framed the constitution,
• Wide and Broad,
• Combination of the flexible and rigid constitutions,
• Establishment of a fully sovereign state,
• Establishment of a republican system of government,
• Establishment of the federal government,
• Unitary though federal,
• Establishment of a secular state,
• Establishment of a socialist state,
• Establishment of parliamentary government,
• Fundamental rights system.

The correct answer is 746 watts.

Key Points

• Horse Power -
• It is a unit of power.
• It is commonly used in automobiles to calculate their engine power.
• 1 metric horsepower is equal to 745.7 watts or approximately 746 watts.

Additional Information

• ​Horsepower is the unit of measurement of power.
• It is a non-SI unit.
• The term 'horsepower' was first used by Scottish engineer James Watt.
• He compared the power from steam engines with the pulling power of horse (horses).
• Later the term horsepower was also used to refer to other piston engines and to power turbines, electric motors, and other machines.
• At present, the SI unit called Watt is used to measure power.

The correct answer is Conversion of water into steam.

Key Points

• The conversion of water into steam is a physical change.
• In this process the state of matter (water) changes without change in its composition.

Additional Information

• Physical Change -
• It includes all those changes in which there is no change in the chemical nature or chemical identity of the substance.
• For example, the conversion of water into vapour.
• Chemical Reaction -
• In this, one or more substances are changed by interacting with each other.
• And substances with one or more different chemical properties are formed.
• A chemical reaction occurs without any measurable mass change.
• This is called the law of conservation of mass.

The correct answer is Gums.

Key Points

• Pyorrhea occurs due to lack of calcium in the body, bad gums and lack of cleanliness of teeth and mouth.
• In this disease the gums become flabby and bad and blood comes from them.
• Pyorrhea is also believed to be the cause of bad breath.

Additional Information

• ​In fact, there are 700 types of bacteria in the mouth.
• Their number is in crores.
• These bacteria damage the teeth and gums if the mouth, teeth and tongue are not cleaned on time.
• Pyorrhea causes damage to the jaw bone that supports the teeth.
• This disease can be overcome by proper cleaning of the mouth, teeth and tongue.

The correct answer is Plants.

Key Points

• Phloem is a complex and living tissue.
• It is found in the root, stem and leaves of the plant.

Additional Information

• ​Two types of complex permanent tissues are found in plants -
• Xylem or Xylem and Phloem.
• Phloem -
• This is the vascular tissue.
• It is also called bast.
• It is a complex permanent tissue.
• This convection is found inside the vandal.
• Its main function is to transport organic food made by leaves to other parts of plants.
• Xylem -
• It is such a complex permanent tissue that is found inside the vascular bundle.
• It plays a major role in the convection of water.
• The process of sorption takes place from within the xylem.

The correct answer is Three tiers.

Key Points

• In the three-tier Panchayati Raj system -
• These include Gram Panchayat (at the village level), Panchayat Samiti (at the intermediate level) and Zilla Parishad (at the district level).

Additional Information

• ​For the first time in modern India, the Panchayati Raj system was introduced by the then Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru.
• This Panchayati Raj system was implemented on 2 October 1959 in Bagdhari village of Nagaur district of Rajasthan.
• Lord Ripon is considered the father of local self-government in India during the British rule in India.
• In the year 1882, he proposed local self-government.

Given:

The following fractions are given.

Concept used:

Convert the fractions into decimal form and then tally the result.

Calculations:

Checking option(1),

\(\dfrac{13}{16}\) = 0.8125

Checking option(2),

\(\dfrac{7}{8}\) = 0.875

Checking option(3),

\(\dfrac{31}{40}\) = 0.775

Checking option(4),

\(\dfrac{63}{80}\) = 0.7875

From the above calculation, it is clear that \(\dfrac{7}{8}\) or 0.875 is the largest.

∴ The answer is \(\dfrac{7}{8}\).

Given:

\(\dfrac{(6.73)^3-(4.38)^3}{(6.73)^2+6.73 \times 4.38+(4.38)^2}\)

Formula used:

a³ - b³ = (a - b)(a² + ab + b²)

Calculations:

\(\dfrac{(6.73)^3-(4.38)^3}{(6.73)^2+6.73 \times 4.38+(4.38)^2}\)

⇒ \(\dfrac{(6.73 - 4.38)(6.73^2 + 6.73 × 4.38 + 4.38^2)}{6.73^2 + 6.73 × 4.38 + 4.38^2}\)

⇒ 6.73 - 4.38 = 2.35

∴ The answer is 2.35.

Given:

Percent of 19 is 7.6

Calculations:

Percent of 19 is 7.6

⇒ \(\dfrac{7.6}{19}\) × 100

⇒​ \(\dfrac{760}{19}\) = 40% 

∴ The answer is 40%

Given:

The average of all the prime numbers between 60 and 80

Formula used:

Average = Sum of observation / Number of observations

Concept used:

A counting number is called a prime number when it is exactly divisible by only one and itself.

Calculations:

Prime numbers between 60 and 80 = 61, 67, 71, 73, 79

Required average = \(\dfrac{61 + 67 + 71 + 73 + 79}{5}\)

⇒ \(\dfrac{351}{5}\) = 70.2   

∴ The answer is 70.2

Given:

\(\sqrt{12.0409}-\sqrt{1.2544}\)

Calculations:

\(\sqrt{12.0409}-\sqrt{1.2544}\)

⇒ 3.47 - 1.12 = 2.35

∴ The answer is 2.35

The correct answer is Sulphuric acid.

Key Points

• Battery acid is sulfuric acid.
• It has been diluted with water to achieve a 37% concentration level.
• Car or automotive battery acid in water is 30-50% sulfuric acid (H2SO4).

Additional Information

• ​Acetic acid -
• It is also known as 'ethanoic acid'.
• It has the chemical formula of CH3COOH.
• It is a byproduct of fermentation, and gives vinegar its characteristic odor.
• Vinegar is about 4-6% acetic acid in water.​
• Hydrochloric acid -
• It is also known as muriatic acid.
• It is an aqueous solution of hydrogen chloride.
• It is a colorless solution with a distinctive pungent smell. ​
• Nitric acid -
• It is a common laboratory reagent.
• It is an important industrial chemical for the manufacture of fertilizers and explosives.
• It is toxic and can cause severe burns.​

'श्वेत' और 'स्वेद' का अर्थ है:सफ़ेद और पसीना​।

Key Points

• श्र्वेत का अर्थ – सफ़ेद, उजला, धवल, निष्कलंक, गोरा, गौर, निर्मल, स्वच्छ।
• स्वेद का अर्थ – पसीना, वाष्प, भाप, गरमी, ताप।
• अन्य विकल्प निरर्थक हैं।

Additional Information

• श्रुतिसमभिन्नार्थक वे शब्द, जो उच्चारण की दृष्टि से असमान होते हुए भी समान होने का भ्रम पैदा करते हैं, युग्म शब्द अथवा 'श्रुतिसमभिन्नार्थक' शब्द कहलाते हैं।
• श्रुतिसमभिन्नार्थक का अर्थ ही है- सुनने में समान, परन्तु भिन्न अर्थवाले।
• जैसे :-
• अथक- अकथ – अथक - बिना थके हुए, अकथ - जो कहा न जाय।
• अभय-उभय -  अभय - निर्भय, उभय - दोनों।

खाक में मिलना - मुहावरे का सही अर्थ - 'सब कुछ नष्ट हो जाना' है।

Key Points

• वाक्य प्रयोग – उसने तिनके-तिनके कर के घर बनाया था पर बाढ़ आने पर उसका सब कुछ खाक में मिल गया।
• अन्य विकल्प यहां उपयुक्त प्रतीत नहीं होते।

Additional Information

• ऐसे सुगठित शब्द समूह जिनसे लक्षणाजन्य और कभी कभी व्यंजनाजन्य कुछ विशिष्ट अर्थ निकलता है मुहावरा कहलाते हैं। ये शब्द समूह कई बार व्यंग्यात्मक भी हो सकते है।
• मुहावरे किसी भाषा को जीवंत, रंगीन और सरस बना देती है। इनके प्रयोग से भाषा प्रभावशाली, गतिशील और रोचक बन जाती है।
• जैसे – अक्ल पर पत्थर पड़ना।
• अर्थ – बुद्धि से काम न लेना।

दिए गए विकल्पों में से विकल्प 1 'पवन' सही उत्तर है।

Key Points

• 'अनिल' का पर्यायवाची शब्द है: पवन।
• 'अनिल' के पर्यायवाची शब्द - पवन, वायु, समीर, वात, मरुत, पवमान, बयार, हवा।
• अन्य विकल्पों का विश्लेषण –

Additional Information

• पर्यायवाची शब्द उन्हें कहते हैं, जब भिन्न-भिन्न शब्दों का अर्थ समान हो, अर्थात एक ही शब्द के स्थान पर समान अर्थ वाले अलग अलग शब्द प्रयोग किये जा सके।
• जैसे- सूर्य, दिनकर, दिवाकर, रवि, भास्कर, भानु, दिनेश- इन सभी शब्दों का अर्थ है 'सूरज'।
• इस प्रकार ये सभी शब्द 'सूरज' के पर्यायवाची शब्द कहलायेंगे।

दिए गए विकल्पों में से विकल्प 'प्रकट' सही उत्तर है।

Key Points

• 'गुम' का विलोम शब्द है: 'प्रकट'।
• गुम का अर्थ - छिपा हुआ, गुप्त।
• प्रकट का अर्थ - जाहिर, स्पष्ट।
• अन्य विकल्पों का विश्लेषण –

Additional Information

• किसी शब्द का विलोम शब्द उस शब्द के अर्थ से उल्टा या विपरीत अर्थ वाला होता है।
• इन शब्दों को विलोम शब्द या विपरीतार्थक शब्द या विरुद्धार्थी शब्द कहते है।
• जैसे- हार- जीत, आय- व्यय, आजादी- गुलामी, नवीन- प्राचीन आदि।

दिए गए विकल्पों में से विकल्प 2 'सत् + भावना' सही उत्तर है।

Key Points

• सद्भावना का संधि-विच्छेद = 'सत् + भावना'।
• इस संधि को बनाने का नियम: (त् + भ = द्भ)।
• इस संधि में व्यंजन संधि है।
• अन्य विकल्प निरर्थक हैं।

Additional Information

• व्यंजन तथा व्यंजन या स्वर के मेल से जो विकार (परिवर्तन) उत्पन्न होता है उसे व्यंजन संधि कहते हैं अर्थात् शब्दों या शब्दांशों के मिलने से नया शब्द बनने पर पहले शब्द के आखिरी और दूसरे शब्द के प्रथम वर्णों में होने वाले परिवर्तन को संधि कहते हैं। यदि प्रथम पद के अंत में “त्” के बाद तालव्य “श” आ जाये तो ‘त्’ को ‘च्’ में बदल देते हैं और तालव्य ‘ श्’ को ‘ छ’ में बदल जाता है।
• व्यंजन संधि के उदाहरण :-
• वाक् + ईश = वागीश
• दिक् + गज = दिग्गज

Here the correct answer is Downstairs.

Key Points

• Let's look at the twelfth sentence of the passage:-
• The superintendent told Elizabeth that he was pretty sure the smoke was coming up through the vents from her new downstair's neighbour.
• Thus, the correct answer is Option 3.

Here the correct answer is Asthma.

Key Points

• Let's look at the fifth line of the passage:
• The smell of smoke especially bothered her because she had asthma.
• Thus, the correct answer is Option 2.

The correct answer is 'Joy.'

Key Points  

• Let us see the meaning of Mourn:
• Mourn: to feel and show great sadness, especially because somebody has died. (दुख या शोक मनाना (विशेषतः किसी की मृत्‍यु पर))
• Let us see the meanings of the given options:
• Joy: a feeling of great happiness. (हर्ष, ख़ुशी, आह्लाद, आनंद)
• Vitalize: give strength and energy to. (शक्ति और ऊर्जा देना)
• Motivate: to cause somebody to act in a particular way. (विशेष प्रकार से कुछ करने का कारण बनना, प्रेरित करना)
• From the meanings of the given words, we can say that the antonym for the given word is "Joy."
• Hence, the correct answer is Option 1.

The correct answer is- 'Auctioneer.'

Key Points

• Let us see the meanings of the given words:
• Auctionor: Incorrect spelling
• Juggler: a person who juggles to entertain people. (लोगों का मनोरंजन करने वाला बाज़ीगर)
• Shopkeeper: a person who owns or manages a small shop. (छोटी दुकान का मालिक या प्रबंधक; दुकानदार)
• Auctioneer: a person who organizes the selling at an auction. (नीलामकर्ता)
• Therefore, one who sells articles at public sales is called an 'Auctioneer​.'
• Option 4 is the correct answer.

The correct answer is 'Banishment​.'

Key Points

• Let us see the meaning of Exile:
• Exile: the state of being forced to live outside your own country (especially for political reasons). (देशनिकाला, निर्वासन (विशेषतः राजनीतिक आधार पर); स्‍वदेश छोड़कर अन्‍यत्र रहने की बाध्यता)
• Let us see the meanings of the given options:
• Banishment: the punishment of being sent away from a country or other place. (किसी देश या अन्य स्थान से दूर भेजे जाने की सजा)
• Expose: to show something that is usually hidden; to tell something that has been kept secret. (प्रायः गुप्‍त रहने वाली वस्‍तु को बाहर लाना; रहस्‍य खोल देना, भंडा फोड़ देना)
• Mystery: a thing that you cannot understand or explain. (जो न समझ में आए न समझाया जा सके, समझने या समझाने से परे, रहस्‍य, भेद की बात)
• Proof: information, documents, etc. which show that something is true. (किसी बात को सत्‍य सिद्घ करने वाली जानकारी, दस्‍तावेज़ आदि; प्रमाण, सबूत)
• From the meanings of the given words, we can say that the synonym for the given word is "Banishment."
• Hence, the correct answer is Option 1.

Statements:

I. Police authority has recently increased vigil during the morning hours in the city.

II. There has been a considerable reduction in the incidents of petty crimes in the city.

→ Here, with the increased vigilance, the crimes in the city have been reduced. Thus, the reduction in crimes is an effect of the increased vigil during the morning hours in the city.

Thus, Statement I is the cause and statement II is its effect.

Hence, the correct answer is "1".

Given : 3, 13, 17, 23, 33, 67

The logic follows here is:

All the given numbers are prime numbers except '33'.

Thus, '33' is an odd term.

Hence, the correct answer is "33".

The logic follows here is:

The angle between the hour hand and the minute hand can be calculated as:

FORMULA :

Angle = | (60H - 11M) / 2 |

Where M = Minutes and H = Hours

Here, the angle formula is in mod value therefore two angles are calculated from it.

One is the main angle and another is the reflex angle which can be calculated by subtracting the main angle from 360°.

Depending on the options we need to choose accordingly.

Calculation :

Given time: 6 : 10

By using the above formula:

Angle = | (60H - 11M) / 2 |

Here, H = 6 and M = 10

Therefore, 

Angle = | (60 × 6 - 11 × 10) / 2 |

= | (360 - 110) / 2 |

= | (250)/2 |

= | 125 |

= 125°

The reflex angle can be calculated as;

= 360° - 125° = 235°

Thus,  the angle between the hour hand and the minute hand of a clock at 6 :10 is '125°'.

Hence, the correct answer is "125°".

As per the given information:

• If A is coded as 26, B is coded as 25, C is coded as 24 .... and Z is coded as 1, then the new arrangement will be:

• Now, the code for MOBILE will be:

Thus, the code for MOBILE is '141225181522'.

Hence, the correct answer is "141225181522".

The correct answer is Kerala.

Key Points

• A new species of Damselfly has been discovered inThrissur, Kerala.
• It is from the Western Ghats of Peechi Wildlife Sanctuary.
• The species is scientifically Protosticta anamalaica.
• It has been named The Anamalai Reed-tail.

Additional Information

• ​This remarkable discovery has been made by Dr Kalesh Sadasivan, Vinayan P Nair and Dr Abraham Samuel.
• The species was first spotted during the A 4-day butterfly survey of the Peechi Wildlife Division.
• It is led by the Kerala Forest Department and Travancore Nature History Society (TNHS) Thiruvananthapuram.
• The genus Protosticta Sels, 1885 consists of slender built damselflies commonly known as Reed-tails.

By using the following symbols in the table given below, we can draw the following family tree:

Statement: Gopi said to Vivek, "That person is the father of the only brother of my mother."

→ Here, the person is the father of the only brother of Gopi's mother, i.e. the person is the father of Gopi's mother also, so gopi will call him 'Maternal Grandfather'.

Hence, the correct answer is "Maternal Grandfather".

The correct answer is Sudan.

Key Points

• INS Tarkash also conducted a partnership exercise in the Red Sea near Sudan's Naval Base on 07 July 2022.
• Naval ships Almaz (PC 411) and Nimer (PC 413) participated in the exercise in maritime partnership.

Additional Information

• JIMEX 22 -​ 
• This is Japan-India maritime exercise (6^th edition).
• The navies of both the countries have been conducting maritime exercises in the Bay of Bengal since September 11.
• The aim of this exercise is to promote reciprocity between the navies of the two countries.
• Naseem-Al-Bahr -
• It is a bilateral naval exercise between the Indian Navy and the Royal Navy of Oman.
• It being conducted since 1993.

The correct answer is Consumer Awareness.

Key Points

• Mascot "Jagriti" -
• It was launched by the Department of Consumer Affairs.
• It has been launched to empower consumers and create awareness about their rights.
• It will be projected as an empowered consumer.
• Which will spread awareness about consumer rights and solve the problems of consumers.

Additional Information

• This will help in increasing the awareness among consumers like -
• Provisions of the Consumer Protection Act 2019
• Hallmarking
• National Consumer Helpline Toll-Free Number 1915
• Provisions of Weights and Measures Act
• Decisions of Central Consumer Protection Authority
• Testimonials by Consumers on Grievance Redressal

The correct answer is Sambhaji Nagar.

Key Points

• Aurangabad city in Maharashtra has been renamed as 'Sambhaji Nagar'.

Key Points

• Aurangabad -
• It is an industrial center of the state of Maharastra.
• It is formerly a famous Mughal city.
• It was named after Aurangzeb.
• Dhule -
• This city is located in the Dhule district of Maharashtra state, India.
• This city was planned by Bharat Ratna Mokshagundam Visvesvaraya.
• Dharashiv -
• ​It is a confluence of 7 caves located in the Balaghat mountains of Maharashtra state, India.
• Satara -
• It is a town in the Satara district in the Indian state of Maharashtra.

The correct answer is the UK.

Key Points

• All India Institute of Ayurveda (AIIA) Director Tanuja Nasri has been conferred with the 'Ayurveda Ratna Award' by the UK Parliament.
• Provided by UK All Party Parliamentary Group on Indian Traditional Science (ITSappg).
• It presented this award in recognition of his contribution to promoting the development of Ayurveda in India and abroad.

Additional Information

• ​All India Institute of Ayurveda -
• It is a research institute based in Delhi.
• It is India's public ayurvedic medical and research institute.
• It was established in 2016.
• It is being made on the lines of Delhi AIIMS for treatment with Ayurvedic medicine.

The correct answer is Kerala.

Key Points

• Tata Power Solar Systems Limited has commissioned India's largest floating solar power project in Kerala.
• The new project, located in Kayamkulam, Kerala, is spread over a 350-acre water body, backwater area.
• It has the highest installed capacity of 101.6 MW.

Additional Information

• This is India's first and largest floating solar project.
• The project has been set up in a watershed of 350 acres at Kayamkulam.
• ​Tata Power Solar -
• It is a Tata group company.
• The company is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Tata Power.
• It is one of the leading solar panels and other solar energy product manufacturers in India.

The correct answer is India and the United States of America.

Key Points

• A joint exercise between India-US Special Forces was organized in Bakloh, Himachal Pradesh.
• The 13^th edition of this joint special forces exercise Vajra Prahar- 2022 concluded on August 28, 2022.
• This annual exercise is conducted alternately in India and the US.

Additional Information

• ​The 12^th edition of India-Russia joint military exercise INDRA-2021 was held in Volgograd, Russia from 1 to 13 August 2021.
• India and France conduct three biennial training exercises -
• Exercise Garuda with Indian Air Force,
• Exercise Varuna with the Indian Navy and
• Exercise Shakti with the Indian Army.
• A joint military exercise 'Ajay Warrior' will be held between India and England.
• ​This is the sixth edition (2021) of this joint military exercise held in Chaubatia.

The correct answer is Reliance Industries Limited.

Key Points

• Reliance announced a long-term partnership with the Indian Olympic Association (IOA).
• Reliance has done this to support Indian sportspersons in major multi-sport events including Commonwealth Games, Asian Games, and Olympics.

Additional Information

• Nita Ambani is the director of Reliance Industries Limited and a member of the International Olympic Committee.
• Wipro -
• It is the third-largest IT company in India.
• Its headquarter is in Bangalore.
• It was founded by Azim Premji in 1966.
• ONGC -
• It started on 23 June 1993.
• It is an Indian public-sector petroleum company.
• It produces about 30% of India's total crude oil requirement.
• The total equity stake of the Government of India in this company is 74.14%.

The correct answer is ISRO.

Key Points

• A Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) was signed between the Coffee Board and the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO).
• It was signed in relation to the breeding of climate-resilient varieties and assessing the carbon sequestration capacity in coffee.
• The headquarter of ISRO is in Bangalore.

Additional Information

• Defense Research and Development Organization (DRDO) -
• It is the country's leading organization for research related to the defense of India.
• The organization works as a subsidiary unit of the Indian Ministry of Defence.
• Its headquarter is located near Rashtrapati Bhavan, Delhi.​
• The Central Coffee Research Institute (CCRI) is located in the Chikmagalur district of Karnataka.

The correct answer is Bangladesh.

Key Points

• India has the longest international border with Bangladesh.
• Its length is about 4096.7 km.
• Its boundary shares 5 Indian districts.

Additional Information

• ​The borders of 17 states of India meet with neighboring countries.
• Radcliffe Line India and Pakistan, and
• McMahon Line to India and China, and
• Durand Line separates India and Afghanistan.
• | Neighboring Countries | Boundary Line Length (in km) | Names of Indian states bordering | | --- | --- | --- | | China | 3,488 | Leh, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Sikkim, Arunachal Pradesh | | Pakistan | 3,323 | Jammu & Kashmir, Leh, Punjab, Rajasthan, Gujarat | | Nepal | 1751 | Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal, Sikkim, Bihar | | Myanmar | 1643 | Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, Manipur, Mizoram |

The correct answer is Jerusalem.

Key Points

• Jerusalem is the capital of Israel.
• The main language here is Hebrew, which is written from right to left.
• The 'Israeli shekel' is the currency of Israel.

Additional Information

• Baghdad -
• It is a major city in the world and the capital of Iraq.
• The 'Iraqi dinar' is the currency of Iraq.
• It is situated on the banks of the Tigris River.
• Dublin -
• It is the capital and largest city of Ireland, located in the eastern part of the island.
• The Euro is the currency of Ireland.

The correct answer is option 2.

Key Points

• E-learning portal Dak Karmayogi -
• Communications Minister Ashwini Vaishnav launched this portal of the Department of Posts on 28 June 2022 in New Delhi.
• This portal will enhance the efficiency of about four lakh Gramin Dak Sevaks and departmental employees.

Additional Information

• ​This portal has been developed 'in-house' under 'Mission Karmayogi'.
• Which was envisaged by the Prime Minister with a view to bringing efficiency in the bureaucracy with 'Minimum Government' and 'Maximum Governance.
• This portal will enable trainees to have access to uniform standardized training material and online mode.
• So that they can effectively deliver multiple G2C (Government to Citizen) services for customer satisfaction.

The correct answer is 'Karnataka'.

Key Points

• At present, 6 states out of 28 states of India have the Legislative Council. These 6 states are -
• Andhra Pradesh
• Telangana
• Karnataka
• Maharashtra
• Uttar Pradesh
• Bihar
• Jharkhand, Odisha, and Gujarat have a unicameral legislature. These states have a Legislative Assembly only.

Hence, the correct answer is Karnataka.

Additional Information

• Legislative Assembly
• The State Legislative Assembly is a legislative body in the states and union territories of India.
• In the 28 states and 3 union territories with a unicameral state legislature, it is the sole legislative body.
• In 6 states, it is the lower house of their bicameral state legislatures.
• Each Member of the Legislative Assembly (MLA) is directly elected to serve 5-year terms.
• A State Legislative Assembly may be dissolved in a state of emergency, by the Governor at the request of the Chief Minister, or if a motion of no confidence is passed against the ruling majority party or coalition.
• Legislative Council
• The second and upper house of the state legislature is the Legislative Council.
• It is a permanent house. Therefore, the Governor cannot dissolve it.
• According to Article 171(3), the members of the Legislative Council are indirectly elected.
• Each member remains a member of the Legislative Council for 6 years.

Hint

• Trick to remember Indian States with Bicameral Legislature (Legislative Council) -
• KUMBAT
• K - Karnataka
• U - Uttar Pradesh
• M - Maharashtra
• B - Bihar
• A - Andhra Pradesh
• T - Telangana

The correct answer is '8 October'.

Key PointsIndian Air Force Day

• The Air Force was established on October 8, 1932, in undivided India under colonial rule.
• Therefore, Indian Air Force Day is celebrated every year on 8 October.
• On this day a program is organized at Hindon Air Force Station in Ghaziabad.
• In this program, many veterans including army officers are involved and powerful aircraft are displayed in the sky.
• A parade of male and female pilots is held in Hindon on this day.
• In this ceremony, the Chief of the Air Staff felicitates the military personnel with medals.

Hence, the correct answer is 8 October.

Additional Information Indian Air Force

• The Indian Air Force is the fourth largest air force in the world.
• The Hindon Air Force Station located in Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh is the largest in Asia.
• Since the inception of the Indian Air Force, it has been following the path of its motto 'Nabh: Sprisham Deeptam'. It means 'To touch the sky with pride.' This motto of the Air Force has been taken from the 11^th chapter of the Bhagavad Gita.
• The colors of the Indian Air Force are blue, sky blue, and white.

Important Points Let's have a look at other options:

The correct answer is 'Coorg'.

Key Points

• The 'Coorg' of India is called the 'Scotland of India'.
• Coorg is a hill station in Karnataka. The Coorg region is in the hills of the Western Ghats in Karnataka.
• Not only is this a fun place to visit, but this place is also known for the cultivation of coffee. Of the coffee produced in India, the largest quantity comes from Coorg.
• Coorg is also known as Kodagu. Its original name is Kodaimalenadu. It means - the dense forest formed directly on the mountain.
• Coorg has many old temples, waterfalls, and beautiful mountain views.
• Omkareshwar Temple and Tal Kaveri are famous places here. The Kaveri river originates from the Tal Kaveri place itself.
• A variety of adventure sports are available here such as trekking, mountaineering, and river rafting.

Hence, the correct answer is Coorg.

Important PointsLet's have a look at other options:

The correct answer is 'Sanjhi'.

Key Points

• Sanjhi art is the famous traditional art of stenciling from Krishna's Hometown - Mathura, Uttar Pradesh.
• It is a unique combination of Rangoli and painting.
• The art flourished in the 16^th and 17^th centuries when the walls and floors of temples were painted and decorated with common motifs.
• The word Sanjhi is derived from the Hindi word sandhya, which is associated with evening art.
• The art depicts Indian mythological stories in many forms, with the main focus being on Krishna's pastimes.

Hence, the correct answer is Sanjhi.

Additional InformationLet's have a look at other options:

• Kajari
• Kajari is a famous folk song of Eastern Uttar Pradesh.
• The origin of Kajari is believed to be in the Mirzapur district situated on the banks of the Ganges in eastern Uttar Pradesh.
• This is the folk song of the rainy season.
• In Kajari songs, description of the rainy season and description of the pastimes of Radha-Krishna is mostly found.
• It has also developed into a form of semi-classical singing.
• Miniature art
• Miniature art is handmade paintings that are quite colorful but small in size.
• One of the outstanding features of these paintings is the intricate brushwork that contributes to their distinctive identity of these paintings.
• The colors used in the paintings are derived from various natural sources such as vegetables, indigo, precious stones, gold, and silver.
• Various schools of miniature painting in India include:
• Pala School
• Rajasthan School
• Jaina School
• Bengali School
• Mughal School
• Orissa School
• Pahari School
• Deccan School

The correct answer is 'Telangana'.

Key PointsTelangana:

• Telangana became the 29^th state of India formed in 2014.
• Telangana was formed after reorganizing Andhra Pradesh state.
• Hyderabad is the capital of Telangana.
• Telangana is bordered by the states of: 
• Maharashtra to the north.
• Chhattisgarh and Odisha to the northeast.
• Andhra Pradesh to the southeast and south.
• Karnataka to the west.

Hence, the correct answer is Telangana.

Additional Information

• Srikrishna Committee headed by former chief justice B. N. Srikrishna was set up by the center to look into the need for a separate state of Telangana from Andhra Pradesh, and which had accorded the highest priority to a non-separation of the state.
• Lok Sabha passed the Telangana bill on 18^th February 2014.
• Rajya Sabha passed the Telangana bill on 20^th February 2014.
• Telangana bill received the President's assent on 1^st March 2014.
• Telangana was formed as the 29^th state of India on 2^nd June 2014.

Important PointsLet's have a look at other options:

The correct answer is 'Mahatma Gandhi'.

Key PointsThe Story of My Experiments with Truth:

• The Story of My Experiments with Truth is a famous book written by Mahatma Gandhi.
• It is an Autobiography and is the longest book written by Mahatma Gandhi with 181 chapters and nearly 600 pages long.
• In this book, Gandhiji has given a personal and spiritual description of his life till 1920.
• Along with this, he has also described some of the main historical events related to his life in this book.
• Mahatma Gandhi explores the development of his beliefs about politics, religion, morality, and diet in the book.
• In addition, Mahatma Gandhi explores the principles of his life in this book. And he has also described his tough determination and self-confidence.

Hence, the correct answer is Mahatma Gandhi.

Important PointsLet's have a look at other options:

The correct answer is Infrared radiation.

Key Points

• Green House Effect
• The greenhouse effect is caused due to Infrared rays.
• The rest of the infrared radiation, the thick red arrow, is absorbed by the greenhouse gases and clouds in the atmosphere and then re-emitted in all directions as shown by the collection of orange arrows.
• This ability to absorb and re-emit infrared radiation is a critical requirement for greenhouse gases.
• The greenhouse effect is the process where infrared radiation from the Sun is absorbed by water vapor and certain gases in the atmosphere, thus increasing the temperature on the Earth.
• If the concentration of greenhouse gases increases, then more infrared radiation will be absorbed and emitted back toward Earth's surface, creating an enhanced or amplified greenhouse effect.
• It occurs due to the increase in greenhouse gases.
• The major greenhouse gases are
• Water Vapour - causes about 36% - 70% of the greenhouse effect
• Carbon dioxide (CO₂) causes 9 - 26%
• Methane (CH₄) causes 4 - 9% and ozone (O₃)

Additional Information

• Ultraviolet (UV) radiation
• It is a form of non-ionizing radiation that is emitted by the sun and artificial sources, such as tanning beds.
• Cosmic rays
• They are atom fragments that rain down on the Earth from outside of the solar system.
• Microwaves
• They are a portion or "band" found at the higher frequency end of the radio spectrum, but they are commonly distinguished from radio waves because of the technologies used to access them.

The correct answer is 'Nepal'.

Key PointsLet's have a look at all options:

Hence, the correct answer is Nepal.

दिए गए विकल्पों में से विकल्प 2, परिवार का धनी होना और बच्चों को अनियंत्रित जेब खर्च मिलना।'। सही उत्तर है, क्योंकि यह युवा पीढ़ी में मादक पदार्थों  के प्रयोग का कारण नहीं है।

Key Points

• परिवार का धनी होना और बच्चों को अनियंत्रित जेब खर्च मिलने से इंसान को मादक पदार्थों  इसकी लत नहीं लगती।
• शेष समस्त विकल्प मादक पदार्थों की लत के लिए जिम्मेदार हैं।
• नोट:-  आयोग ने इसका उत्तर 1, माना है, परन्तु गद्यांश के अनुसार इसका सही उत्तर विकल्प 2, ही है|

Additional Information

• आधुनिक जीवनशैली में बुरी लतों के कारण व्यक्ति हर ढलते दिन के साथ कमजोर हो रहा है।
• इससे व्यक्ति की सेहत पर भी बुरा असर पड़ रहा है नशे की लत युवाओं को पथभ्रष्ट कर रही है।
• नशा न केवल व्यक्ति का शारीरिक व मानसिक नुकसान करता है बल्कि उसके परिवार को भी पतन की ओर धकेल देता है।
• समाज में अपराध की मुख्य वजह नशा ही माना गया है।

दिए गए विकल्पों में से विकल्प 4 'यह सभी' सही उत्तर है।

Key Points

• मादक पदार्थों का सेवन करने वाले युवाओं को उपर्युक्त वर्णित सभी बीमारियों का खतरा होता है।
• अतः विक��्प चार सभी विकल्प सही हैं।

Additional Information

• विशेषज्ञों के अनुसार, कैंसर जैसी भयंकर बीमारी का बड़ा कारण मादक पदार्थ का सेवन है। मादक पदार्थ के सेवन से गैर-संक्रामक रोगों का खतरा बढ़ता है।
• मादक पदार्थों के सेवन करने वाले को क्षय रोग, हृदय रोग, शारीरिक अक्षमता, एच.आई.बी., एड्स व पागलपन आदि बीमारियां उत्पन्न हो रही हैं।
• आज वर्तमान समय में जिस प्रकार युवा पीढ़ी मादक पदार्थाें का सेवन कर रही है वह दिन दूर नहीं जब पतन की ओर अग्रसर होगी।

दिए गए विकल्पों में से विकल्प 2 ‘बच्चों के माँ-बाप' सही उत्तर है।

Key Points

• माद्रक द्रव्यों का सेवन करने वाले बच्चों के लिए, बच्चों के माँ-बाप सबसे ज्यादा दोषी हैं।
• अन्य विकल्प निरर्थक हैं।

Additional Information

• जहाँ एक ओर बच्चों के मित्रोंके बहुत करीब माने जाते हैं परन्तु वो भी नासमझ होते हैं और एक ही आयु वर्ग के होने के कारण उनकी सोच भी बहुत हद तक एक ही होती है।
• राज्य पुलिस और राज्य सरकार राज्य के लिए जिम्मेदार हैं, वह ऐसी गतिविधियों को रोक सकते हैं परन्तु हर युवा को नहीं।
• बच्चों के माता पिता ही बच्चों को ऐसी बुरी लतों से बचा सकते हैं क्यूंकि वो समझदार होते हैं और बच्चों पर उनका हक़ भी होता है। वे बच्चों को ऐसी आदतों का नफ़ा नुक्सान अच्छे से समझा सकते हैं।

दिए गए विकल्पों में से विकल्प 3 सही उत्तर है।

Key Points

• माँ-बाप बच्चों पर ध्यान नहीं देते कि उनके बच्चे क्या कर रहे है, किन लोगों के साथ रहते है और किन लोगों के साथ उनका उठना-बैठना है।
• यह विकल्प भारत के अनेक राज्यों में युवा वर्ग में इन नशीली वस्तुओं का प्रयोग बढ़ने का कारण है।
• अन्य सभी विकल्प भी नशे की प्रवृत्ति को बढ़ावा देने में उत्तरदायी हैं परन्तु पारिवारिक स्थिती सबसे अधिक जिम्मेदार हैं।

Additional Information

• राज्य सरकारें अपने राज्य में नशीली वस्तुओं के उत्पादन और प्रयोग को रोकने में समर्थ नहीं है और इसी कारण से नशे की प्रवृत्ति बढ़ रही है।
• शिक्षा संस्थानों में आचरण और नैतिकता का पाठ पीछे छूटता जा रहा है। इन्ही के आस-पास स्मैक सप्लाई होती है और पुलिस कुछ नहीं करती।
• ये सभी कारण जिम्मेदार हो सकते हैं परन्तु यदि परिवार से संस्कार अच्छे मिले हो, परिवार के लोगो का बराबर बच्चे के साथ उसके कामों में, उसके दोस्तों के साथ मेल जोल हो तो युवा इस गलत प्रवृत्ति की ओर अग्रसर नहीं होगा।

दिए गए विकल्पों में से विकल्प 3 "(i), (iii), (iv)" सही उत्तर है।

Key Points

• मादक द्रव्यों की लत पड़ने के बाद युवकों में अनुशासनहीनता और हिंसा में शामिल होना, मानसिक संतुलन खो देना, और चोरी करने की आदत यह प्रवृत्तियां प्रमुखता से दिखायी देती हैं।
• स्वास्थ्य के प्रति सजगता नहीं बल्कि और लापरवाही आ जाती है।

Additional Information

• अनुशासनहीनता, चोरी, मानसिक असंतुलन के साथ साथ युवा अपने स्वास्थ्य के प्रति भी लापरवाह हो जाते हैं।
• इससे युवाओं में अनेकानेक शारीरिक समस्याएं जन्म लेती हैं, अनेकों तरह के रोगों से वे ग्रस्त हो जाते हैं।

दिए गए विकल्पों में से विकल्प 2, '2, 4' सही उत्तर है।

Key Points

• रमेश ने पाँच हजार रुपए के शेयर खरीदे। इस आधार पर यह कहा जा सकता है कि –
• रमेश की यह बचत जोखिम वाली है।
• शेयर खरीदना निवेश है।
• अन्य विकल्प निरर्थक हैं।

Additional Information

• दीर्घकालिक आर्थिक लक्ष्यों के लिए निवेश किया जाता है।
• निवेश से आप लंबे समय तक मुद्रास्फीति को पछाड़ कर अपने धन में वृद्धि कर सकते है।
• म्युचूअल फंड और एस. आई. पी. आदि निवेश के प्रारंभिक तरीके हैं।
• जमीन, सोना, कमोडिटीज या शेयर आदि में निवेश करने के लिए अधिक धन और अनुशासन की आवश्यकता होती है और रिस्क भी ज्यादा रहता है, परन्तु सही तरीके से किया गया निवेश सम्पदा में कई गुनी वृद्धि कर सकता है।

दिए गए विकल्पों में से विकल्प 1, '1, 3, 4' अशुद्ध है।

Key Points

• दीर्घकालीन लक्ष्यों की प्राप्ति दीर्घकालीन अच्छे निवेश द्वारा ही संभव हो सकती है। यही एक उपर्युक्त कथन सत्य है दीघकालीन निवेश के बारे में।
• शेष सभी कथन अशुद्ध हैं।

Additional Information

• दीर्घकालिक आर्थिक लक्ष्यों के लिए निवेश किया जाता है।
• निवेश का मुख्य उद्देश्य भविष्य की आय अर्जित करना है।
• साथ ही, निवेश अप्रत्याशित और आकस्मिक खर्चों को पूरा करने और किसी भी आपात स्थिति में सहायता करने में मदद करता है।
• मुख्य बचत और निवेश में अंतर यही है कि निवेश में आप उच्च रिटर्न प्राप्त कर सकते है।
• निवेश में ऊँचे रिटर्न की संभावना के साथ रिस्क भी रहता है। निवेश से आप लंबे समय तक मुद्रास्फीति को पछाड़ कर अपने धन में वृद्धि कर सकते है।

दिए गए विकल्पों में से विकल्प 4, सेविंग बैंक खाते में रखा धन निवेश का उदाहरण नहीं है।

Key Points

• सेविंग बैंक खाते में रखा धन निवेश का उदाहरण नहीं है। वह बचत है।
• शेष सभी विकल्प निवेश के उदाहरण हैं।

Additional Information

• बचत खाते (सेविंग्स बैंक खाते), खुदरा वित्तीय संस्थाओं द्वारा बनाये रखे जाने वाले खातों को कहते हैं जो ब्याज तो प्रदान करते हैं लेकिन जिन्हें सीधे तौर पर धन के रूप में (उदाहरण के लिए, एक चेक लिखकर) इस्तेमाल नहीं किया जा सकता है।
• इन खातों में ग्राहक अपने अतिरिक्त धन के कुछ हिस्से को अलग रखने के साथ-साथ थोड़ा ब्याज भी कमा सकते हैं।
• निवेश या विनियोग (investment) का सामान्य आशय ऐसे व्ययों से है जो उत्पादन क्षमता में वृद्धि लायें।
• निवेश के उदाहरण हैं- किसी बैंक में पूंजी जमा करना, या परिसंपत्ति खरीदने जैसे कार्य जो भविष्य में लाभ पाने की दृष्टि से किये जाते हैं।

दिए गए विकल्पों में से विकल्प 1, ‘(i) और (iv)’ सही उत्तर है।

Key Points

• निवेश की सही विशेषताएँ हैं –
• निवेश से दीर्घकालिक आर्थिक लक्ष्य प्राप्त किए जा सकते हैं।
• निवेश में ऊँचे रिटर्न की सम्भावना के साथ रिस्क भी रहता है।
• अन्य कथन निवेश के सम्बन्ध में गलत हैं।

Additional Information

• दीर्घकालिक आर्थिक लक्ष्यों के लिए निवेश किया जाता है।
• मुख्य बचत और निवेश में अंतर यही है कि निवेश में आप उच्च रिटर्न प्राप्त कर सकते है।
• निवेश में ऊँचे रिटर्न की संभावना के साथ रिस्क भी रहता है।

दिए गए विकल्पों में से विकल्प 4, 'सोने के गहने खरीदना' सही उत्तर है।

Key Points

• सोने के गहने खरीदना, निवेश का उदाहरण है।
• शेष सभी विकल्प बचत के उदाहरण हैं।

Additional Information

• बचत और निवेश में अंतर इतना ही है कि जो राशि आप अपनी नियमित आय से, बचत कर अलग रख लेते हैं, वह बचत है और यदि आप अपनी उस बचत को कुछ रिटर्न प्राप्त करने के लिए ऐसा कुछ खरीदते हैं जो कि भविष्य में आपकी सम्पत्ति बन सके, वह निवेश है।
• बचत अल्पकालिक लक्ष्यों के लिए है। बैंक और पोस्ट ऑफिस के बचत खातों या अन्य किसी जगह का सीमित समय तक रखा गया पैसा बचत होता है, जो सुरक्षित होता है और आवश्यकता पड़ने पर आसानी से निकाला जा सकता है।
• दीर्घकालिक आर्थिक लक्ष्यों के लिए निवेश किया जाता है । निवेश में ऊँचे रिटर्न की संभावना के साथ रिस्क भी रहता है।
• जमीन, सोना, कमोडिटीज, शेयर, म्युचूअल फंड और एस. आई. पी. आदि निवेश के प्रारंभिक तरीके हैं।

Given:

The number of students who joined the school and left the school over the years given.

Calculations:

In the year 2011 - 2012,

The required percentage = \(\dfrac{500 - 300}{300}\) × 100

⇒ \(\dfrac{200}{300}\) × 100 = 66.6% (rise)

In the year 2012 - 2013,

The required percentage = \(\dfrac{450 -500}{500}\) × 100

⇒ \(-\dfrac{50}{500}\) × 100 = -10% (fall)

In the year 2013 - 2014,

The required percentage = \(\dfrac{400 - 450}{450}\) × 100

⇒ \(-\dfrac{50}{450}\) × 100 = -11.1% (fall)

In the year 2014 - 2015,

The required percentage = \(\dfrac{500 - 400}{400}\) × 100

⇒ \(\dfrac{100}{400}\) × 100 = 25% (rise)

In the year 2015 - 2016,

The required percentage = \(\dfrac{500 - 500}{500}\) × 100

⇒ \(\dfrac{0}{500}\) × 100 = 0%

From the above calculation, in the year 2012, the percentage rise/fall is maximum.

∴ The answer is 2012

Given:

The number of students joined and left school over the years given.

Calculations:

Initial strength in the year 2010 = 3000

In the year 2011, the number of students joined school = 400, and left school = 300

So, the number of students in 2011 will be = 3000 + 400 - 300 = 3100

In the year 2012, the number of students joined school = 350, and left school = 500

So, number of students in 2012 will be = 3100 + 350 - 500 = 2950

In the year 2013, the number of students joined school = 500 and left school = 450

So, the number of students in 2013 will be = 2950 + 500 - 450 = 3000

So, from 2012 -2013,

The required percentage = {(3000-2950)/2950} × 100

⇒ (50/2950) × 100

⇒ 1.69% ~ 1.7% (increased)

∴ The answer is 1.7%

Given:

The number of students joined and left the school over the years given.

Calculations:

Initial strength in the year 2010 = 3000

In the year 2011, the number of students joined school = 400 and left school = 300

So, the  number of students in 2011 will be = 3000 + 400 - 300 = 3100

In the year 2012, the number of students joined school = 350 and left school = 500

So, the number of students in 2012 will be = 3100 + 350 - 500 = 2950

In the year 2013, the number of students joined school = 500 and left school = 450

So, the number of students in 2013 will be = 2950 + 500 - 450 = 3000

In the year 2014, the number of students joined = 550, and left = 400

So, the number of students in 2014 = 3000 + 550 - 400 = 3150

∴ The answer is 3150

Given:

The number of students joined the school and left the school over the years is given.

Calculations:

The least number of students joined the school is in the year 2012 = 350.

The maximum number of students left the school in the same year = 500

According to the question,

The required ratio is = 350 : 500

⇒ 35 : 50

⇒ 7 : 10

∴ The answer is 7 : 10

Given:

The number of students joined and left the school over the years given.

Calculations:

Initial strength in year 2010 = 3000

In the year 2011, the number of students joined school = 400 and left school = 300

So, the number of students in 2011 will be = 3000 + 400 - 300 = 3100

In the year 2012, the number of students joined school = 350 and left school = 500

So, the number of students in 2012 will be = 3100 + 350 - 500 = 2950

In the year 2013, the number of students joined school = 500 and left school = 450

So, the number of students in 2013 will be = 2950 + 500 - 450 = 3000

In the year 2014, the number of students joined = 550, and left = 400

So, the number of students in 2014 = 3000 + 550 - 400 = 3150

In the year 2015, the number of students joined = 450 and left = 500

So, the number of students in 2015 will be = 3150 + 450 - 500 = 3100

In the year 2016, the number of students joined = 600 and left = 500

So, number of students in 2016 will be = 3100 + 600 - 500 = 3200

∴ Required percentage = \(\dfrac{3000}{3200}\) × 100

⇒ \(\dfrac{3000}{32}\) = 93.75%

∴ The answer is 93.75%

Given:

Production of mobile by the company over the years.

Formula used:

Average × number of observations = sum of observation

Calculations:

Production of mobile in 2005 = 70 and in 2006 = 55

Required average = \(\dfrac{70 + 55}{2}\)

⇒ \(\dfrac{125}{2}\) = 62.5

Checking option(1),

The average production of 2006 and 2007 = \(\dfrac{80 + 55}{2}\) = 67.5 (Not the same)

The average production of 2004 and 2006 = \(\dfrac{50 + 55}{2}\) = 52.5 (Not the same)

The average production of 2004 and 2005 = \(\dfrac{50 + 70}{2}\) = 60 (Not the same)

The average production of 2002 and 2007 =  \(\dfrac{45 + 80}{2}\) = 62.5 (Same)

Hence, same as the given one, after dividing the summation by 2 we can obtain the same average.

∴ The correct answer is 2002 and 2007.

Given:

Production of mobile in a company over the years.

Calculations:

Production of mobile in 2003 and 2004 is 65 and 50

Required percentage decline = \(\dfrac{65 - 50}{65}\) × 100

⇒ \(\dfrac{1500}{65}\) = 23.07% ~ 23%

∴ The answer is 23%

Given:

Production of mobile in the company over the years.

Calculations:

Percentage increase in 2002 (production is 45) compared to the previous year 2001 (production is 30) = \(\dfrac{45 - 30}{30}\) × 100

⇒ \(\dfrac{1500}{30}\) = 50%

Percentage increase in 2003 (production is 65) compared to the previous year 2002 (production is 45) = \(\dfrac{65 - 45}{45}\) × 100

⇒ \(\dfrac{2000}{45}\) = 44.4%

Percentage increase in 2005 (production is 70) compared to the previous year 2004 (production is 50) = \(\dfrac{70 - 50}{50}\) × 100

⇒ \(\dfrac{2000}{50}\) = 40%

Percentage increase in 2007 (production is 80) compared to the previous year 2006 (production is 55) = \(\dfrac{80 - 55}{55}\) × 100

⇒ \(\dfrac{2500}{55}\) = 45.45%

From the above calculation, in the year 2002, the percentage increase is maximum

∴ The answer is 2002

Given:

Production of mobile in the company over the years.

Formula used:

Average = Sum of observation / Number of observations

Calculations:

 

Required average = \(\dfrac{30 + 45 + 65 + 50 + 70 + 55 + 80 + 85}{8}\)

⇒\(\dfrac{480}{8}\) = 60

So, in the years 2003, 2005, 2007, and 2008 the production is more than the average value.

∴ The answer is 4.

Given:

Production of mobile in a company over the years.

Calculations:

Production of mobile in 2001 is 30 and in 2008 is 85

Required percentage increase = \(\dfrac{85 - 30}{30}\) × 100

⇒ \(\dfrac{5500}{30}\) = 183.33%

∴ The answer is 183.33%.

Given:

The number of employees working in different companies.

Calculations:

The total percentage of employees of Company E in the accounts department is 12% + 18% = 30%

Number of total employees of Company E in the accounts department = 350 × 30%

⇒ 350 × \(\frac{30}{100}\) = 105

So, now, 60% of the total number of employees of Company E in the accounts department = 105 × \(\frac{60}{100}\) = 63 is having MBA degree

The total percentage of employees of Company E in the research department is 3% + 7% = 10%

Number of employees of Company E in the research department = 350 × 10%

⇒ 350 × \(\frac{10}{100}\) = 35

So, now, 40% of the total number of employees of Company E in the research department = \(\frac{40}{100}\) × 35 = 14 is having MBA degree

So, The total number of employees having MBA degree is 63 + 14 = 77

∴ The answer is 77

Given:

Number of employees working in different companies

Calculations:

Total percentage of employees(male and female) of accounts department of company A is 12% + 14% = 26%

So, the number of Total employees in the accounts department of company A is 450 × 26%

⇒ 450 × \(\dfrac{26}{100}\) = 117

The total percentage of employees (male and female) of the research department of Company E is 3% place 7 % = 10%

So, the number of total employees in the Research department of Company E is 350 × 10%

⇒ 350 × \(\dfrac{10}{100}\) = 35

Required percentage = \(\dfrac{117 - 35}{35}\) × 100

⇒ \(\dfrac{82 \times100}{35}\) = 234.29%

∴ The answer is 234.29%

Given:

The number of employees working in different companies.

Calculations:

Number of male employees in the accounts department of company A = 450 × 12%

⇒ 450 × \(\dfrac{12}{100}\) = 54

Number of male employees in the accounts department of company C = 550 × 28%

⇒ 550 × \(\dfrac{28}{100}\) = 154

Number of female employees in the research department of company B = 700 × 12%

⇒ 700 × \(\dfrac{12}{100}\) = 84

Number of female employees in research departments of company D = 600 × 8%

⇒ 600 × \(\dfrac{8}{100}\) = 48

The required ratio is (54 + 154) : (84 + 48)

⇒ 208 : 132 = 52 : 33

∴ The answer is None of these

Given:

Number of employees working in different companies

Calculations:

Number of female employees in the accounts department of company A = 450 × 14%

⇒ 450 × \(\dfrac{14}{100}\) = 63

Number of female employees in the accounts department of company B = 700 × 10%

⇒ 700 × \(\dfrac{10}{100}\) = 70

Number of female employees in the accounts department of company C = 550 × 14%

⇒ 550 × \(\dfrac{14}{100}\) = 77

Number of female employees in the accounts department of company E = 350 × 18%

⇒ 350 × \(\dfrac{18}{100}\) = 63

Number of male employees in the research department of company B = 700 × 11%

⇒ 700 × \(\dfrac{11}{100}\) = 77

Number of male employees in the research department of company C = 550 × 4%

⇒ 550 × \(\dfrac{4}{100}\) = 22

Number of male employees in the research department of company D = 600 × 6%

⇒ 600 × \(\dfrac{6}{100}\) = 36

So, The required difference is (63 + 70 + 77 + 63) - (77 + 22 + 36)

⇒ 273 - 135 = 138

∴ The answer is 138

Given:

Number of employees working in different companies

Calculations:

The number of female employees of company B in the accounts department is 700 × 10%

=> 700 × \(\dfrac{10}{100}\) = 70

The number of males of Company C in the research department is 550 × 4%

=> 550 × \(\dfrac{4}{100}\) = 22

So, The required ratio is 70 : 22 = 35 : 11

∴ The answer is 35 : 11.

Given:

Percentage distribution of population of five states on the basis of poverty line and also on the basis of sex.

Calculations:

In state D, percentage of population above the poverty line is (100 - 20)% = 80%

So, The total population above poverty line is 80% of 7000000

⇒ 7000000 × \(\dfrac{80}{100}\) = 5600000

Number of females above poverty line is \(\dfrac{3}{7}\) × 5600000

⇒ 3 × 800000

⇒ 2400000 = 2.4 million

∴ The answer is 2.4 million

Given:

Percentage distribution of population of five states on the basis of poverty line and also on the basis of sex

Calculations:

Male population above poverty line for state C is 1.5 million and Ratio of male and female above poverty line is 2 : 3

So, if male (2x) represents 1500000

Total polpulation (2x + 3x = 5x) will represent \(\dfrac{5 × 1500000}{2}\) = 3750000

Percentage above poverty line (100 - 25)% = 75% represents 3750000

So, The total population 100% will represent \(\dfrac{3750000 × 100}{75}\)

⇒ 1250000 × 4 = 5000000 = 5 million

∴ The answer is 5 million

Given:

Percentage distribution of the population of five states on the basis of the poverty line and also on the basis of sex

Calculations:

Male population below the poverty line for state B is 2.4 million and the Ratio of males and females above the poverty line is 3 : 5

So, if male (3x) represents 2400000

Total population below poverty line (3x + 5x = 8x) will represent \(\dfrac{8 × 1500000}{3}\) = 6400000

Percentage below poverty line 20% represents 6400000

So, the total population of state B, 100% will represent \(\dfrac{6400000 × 100}{20}\) = 32000000

Male population below poverty line for state E is 6 million and Ratio of male and female above poverty line is 5 : 3

So, if male (5x) represents 6000000

Total population below poverty line (5x + 3x = 8x) will represent \(\dfrac{8 × 6000000}{5}\) = 9600000

Percentage below poverty line 15% represents 9600000

So, total population of state E, 100% will represent \(\dfrac{9600000 × 100}{15}\) = 64000000

Required ratio is 32 : 64 = 1 : 2

∴ The answer is 1 : 2

Given:

Percentage distribution of population of five states on the basis of poverty line and also on the basis of sex

Calculations:

In state C, percentage of population above the poverty line is (100 - 25)% = 75%

So, The total population above poverty line is 75% of 4000000

⇒ 4000000 × \(\dfrac{75}{100}\) = 3000000

Number of females above poverty line is \(\dfrac{3}{5}\) × 3000000

⇒ 3 × 600000 = 1800000 = 1.8 million

∴ The answer is 1.8 million

Given:

Percentage distribution of population of five states on the basis of poverty line and also on the basis of sex.

Calculations:

In state A, female above poverty line is 1.8 million and ratio of male and female above poverty line = 6 : 7

So, let female (7x) represents 1800000

Male (6x) will represent = \(\dfrac{1800000 × 6}{7}\)

⇒ 1.5 million (approx)

∴ The answer is None of these.

The correct answer is 'Niranjana'.

Key Points

• Lord Buddha got enlightenment on the banks of the Niranjana River also known as Phalgu.
• He got enlightenment under the peepal tree famously known as the Bodhi tree.
• The place was Bodh Gaya in the Gaya district, in the state of Bihar.

Hence, the correct answer is Niranjana.

Additional InformationLet's have a look at other options:

• Ganga
• It is the longest river in India.
• ​The origin of the Ganges is the southern ranges of the Himalayan Mountains.
• Flowing through the vast plains of India, the Ganges joins the Bay of Bengal by dividing it into many branches.
• The entire length of this river is about 2507 kilometers.
• Gandak
• The Gandak River is a major river originating in the Himalayas and flowing through Nepal and India. It is a significant tributary of the Ganga river.
• Burhi Gandak is a smaller river that flows parallel to the Gandak river and is also a tributary of the Ganga. It originates in the West Champaran district of Bihar, India.
• Punpun
• ​Punpun is a tributary of the Ganges flowing in the Indian state of Bihar.
• Originating from the hills of central Bihar, the river forms the eastern boundary of Patna.

The correct answer is Kannauj.

Key Points

• Harshavardhana was an Indian Emperor, who ruled over the northern parts of India from 606 A.D to 647 A.D.
• His earliest capital was Thaneswar, present-day Haryana.
• After his accession, King Harshavardhan united the two kingdoms of Thanesar and Kannauj.
• He also shifted his capital from Thanesar to Kannauj.
• Thus, in the 7^th Century CE, the capital of Harshavardhana's Empire was Kannauj.
• In general, there was prosperity within the empire.
• Agriculture, industries and trade, both internal and external, were in a flourishing condition.
• Cities like- Peshawar and Taxila in the North-West were, of course, destroyed by the invasions of the Hunas and Mathura and Pataliputra had lost their previous significance, but Prayag (Allahabad), Banaras and Kannauj were prosperous cities within the empire.
• In the 7^th century CE, the capital city, Kannauj was an extensive, prosperous and well-protected city. It had large buildings, beautiful gardens and swimming-pools. It was inhabited by the rich, cultured and highly learned people.

The correct answer is 'Maratha'.

Key Points

• Guerrilla warfare is a type of irregular conflict in which small groups of combatants, such as paramilitary soldiers or armed citizens, utilize military strategies such as ambushes, raids, hit-and-run attacks, and mobility to battle a more powerful and immobile traditional force.
• It was the major strength of the Maratha Army.
• Marathas avoided direct battles with the Mughal armies that were equipped with deadly cannons and strong cavalry.
• They developed the ability to plan and execute surprise lightning attacks at night.
• They exhibited skills to change their tactics according to the battle situation without awaiting orders from a superior officer.

Hence, the correct answer is Maratha.

Additional InformationLet's have a look at other options:​​

• British​
• There was British rule in the Indian subcontinent between 1858 and 1947.
• During this period, Britain had direct control over India.
• There was administration and princely states ruled by individual rulers, but the British Crown had paramountcy over them.​
• Mughal
• The Mughal Empire was the dominant power in the Indian subcontinent between the mid-16^th century and the end of the 17^th century.
• Established in 1526, it nominally survived until 1857, when it was removed by the British Raj.​
• Nayaks​
• The Nayak Dynasty emerged in South India after the collapse of the Vijayanagar Empire.
• The Nayaks, former military governors of the Vijayanagar emperors, declared their Independence in 1565, and ruling from the 16^th through 18^th centuries established their kingdoms.
• Nayak's rule was noted for its administrative reforms, its artistic and the creation of a unique style of temple architecture.

The correct answer is 'Lost Wax casting'.

Key Points

• The bronze statue of a dancing girl from Mohenjo-Daro is a significant example of the prehistoric Harappan Civilisation.
• It was made using the technique known as lost wax casting.
• Wax is used to create a wax replica of the statue, which is then covered with a cast or mould.
• When the mould is heated, the wax drains out.
• The mould is then filled with molten bronze, which is then cooled.
• The metal statue is gradually revealed once the cast has been carefully broken.

Hence, the correct answer is Lost Wax casting.

Additional Information Let's have a look at other options:

• Stone carving
• ​Stone carving is an activity where pieces of rough natural stone are carefully removed and moulded.
• Stone carving is one of the processes which may be used by an artist when creating a sculpture.
• Ivory carving
• ​Ivory carving is the process of carving ivory, which is an animal tooth or tusk, usually with the help of sharp cutting instruments that are operated manually or mechanically.
• Humans have ornamentally carved ivory since prehistoric times, it was usually a rare and expensive material used for luxury products.
• Wood carving
• ​Wood carving is a form of woodworking by means of a cutting tool (knife) in one hand or a chisel by two hands or with one hand on a chisel and one hand on a mallet, resulting in a wooden figure or image, or in the sculptural ornamentation of a wooden object.
• The making of sculpture in wood has been extremely widely practised,

The correct answer is 'Hasrat Mohani'.

Key PointsHasrat Mohani

• Maulana Hasrat Mohani was the first congress activist to demand complete independence (Poorna Swaraj) from the British in the Ahmedabad session of congress in 1921.
• Mohani was a noted poet of the Urdu language.
• Famous works of Mohani are Kulliyat-e-Hasrat Mohani, Nukaat-e Sukhan, Mushahidaat-e-Zindaan, etc.

Hence, the correct answer is Hasrat Mohani.

Additional Information

• The Purna Swaraj declaration was promulgated by the Indian National Congress on 19 December 1929 in its Lahore session under the presidentship of Jawaharlal Nehru.
• In the Calcutta Session of Congress in 1906, Dadabhai Naoroji had placed Swaraj as a national demand.

Important PointsLet's have a look at other options:

• Maghfoor Ahmad Ajazi
• He joined the Non-Cooperation Movement in the year 1921.
• He attended the All India Congress Committee (AICC) Session held at Ahmedabad (1921) and supported the 'Poorna Swaraj' motion demanded by Hasrat Mohani.
• The motion was opposed by Mahatma Gandhi and failed.
• ​​​Bipin Chandra Pal
• ​Pal is known as the Father of Revolutionary Thoughts in India of India.
• Pal became a major leader of the Indian National Congress.
• At the Madras session of the Indian National Congress held in 1887, Bipin Chandra Pal made a strong plea for repeal of the Arms Act which was discriminatory in nature.
• Bal Gangadhar Tilak
• ​Tilak joined the Indian National Congress in 1890.
• He opposed its moderate attitude, especially toward the fight for self-government.
• He was one of the most-eminent radicals at the time.