UPSSSC PET Official Paper (Held on: 15 October 2022 Shift 2) (Previous Year Paper)

The correct answer is Asking the Viceroy through a letter containing the Eleven Points Programme to remove the evils of British rule.

Key Points

• Mahatma Gandhi Ji launched the Civil Disobedience Movement because Lord Irwin ignored Gandhi's eleven demands including the abolition of the salt tax.
• The Civil Disobedience Movement began with Gandhi's well-known Dandi March.
• Gandhi set out on foot from the Sabarmati Ashram in Ahmedabad on March 12, 1930, with 78 other Ashram members for Dandi, a village on India's western seacoast about 385 kilometers from Ahmedabad.
• On April 6, 1930, they arrived in Dandi. Gandhi broke the salt law there.
• Popular women such as Kasturba Gandhi, Kamaladevi Chattopadhyay, Avantikabai Gokhale, Lilavati Munshi, and Hansaben Mehta led the satyagraha movement.

Additional Information

• The International Day of Non-Violence is observed on 2nd October, the birthday of Mahatma Gandhi.
• Gandhi's Peace Prize is given for social, economic, and political transformation through non-violence and other Gandhian methods.
• Gandhi returned to India from South Africa on 9th January 1915.
• Pravasi Bharatiya Divas (PBD) is celebrated on 9th January every year to mark the contribution of the Overseas Indian community to the development of India.

The correct answer is to transfer the powers of the East India Company to the British Crown.

Key Points

• The consequences of the 1857 revolt were:
• End of company rule: The great uprising of 1857 was an important landmark in the history of modern India.
• Direct rule of the British Crown: India now came under the direct rule of the British Crown.
• Religious tolerance: It was promised and due attention was paid to the customs and traditions of India.
• Administrative change: The Governor General’s office was replaced by that of the Viceroy.
• Military reorganization: The ratio of British officers to Indian soldiers increased but the armory remained in the hands of the English. It was arranged to end the dominance of the Bengal army.

Additional Information

• Centers of The Revolt
• Lucknow: It was the capital of Awadh. Begum Hazrat Mahal, one of the begums of the ex-king of Awadh, took up the leadership of the revolt.
• Kanpur: The revolt was led by Nana Saheb, the adopted son of Peshwa Baji Rao II
• Jhansi: The twenty-two-year-old Rani Lakshmi Bai led the rebels when the British refused to accept the claim of her adopted son to the throne of Jhansi.
• Bihar: The revo lt was led by Kunwar Singh who belonged to a royal house of Jagdispur, Bihar.

The correct answer is the Caspian Sea.

Key Points

• The Caspian Sea is the Earth's largest inland body of water when measured by surface area.
• It lies at the junction of Europe and Asia, with the Caucasus Mountains to the west and the steppes of Central Asia to the east.
• It is bordered by Russia to the northwest, Azerbaijan to the west, Iran to the south, Turkmenistan to the southeast, and Kazakhstan to the northeast.

Additional Information

• Lake Superior is the largest continental lake in the world by area.
• Lake Superior in central North America is the largest freshwater lake in the world by surface area[a] and the third-largest by volume, holding 10% of the world's surface fresh water.
• The northern and westernmost of the Great Lakes of North America straddles the Canada–United States border with the province of Ontario to the north, the states of Minnesota to the northwest, and Wisconsin and Michigan to the south.
• Lake Baikal is a rift lake in Russia.
• It is situated in southern Siberia, between the federal subjects of Irkutsk Oblast to the northwest and the Republic of Buryatia to the southeast. 
• Lake Baikal is the world's largest freshwater lake by volume, containing 22–23% of the world's fresh surface water.

The correct answer is C. Rajagopalachari.

Key Points

• Chakravarti Rajagopalachari, popularly known as Rajaji, was born on December 10th, 1878.
• At the time of Partition, he was appointed as the Governor of West Bengal.
• In 1947, during the absence of Lord Mountbatten, the last British viceroy and independent India’s first Governor General, Rajagopalachari was temporarily chosen to hold the office.
• Therefore he was the last governor-general of India.

Additional Information

• Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan, also known as Bacha Khan, was a Pashtun independence activist who campaigned to end the rule of the British Raj in India.
• For his adherence to pacifism and close association with Mahatma Gandhi, he earned the nickname “Frontier Gandhi”,
• He founded the Khudai Khidmatgar (“Servants of God”) movement in 1929.
• Maulana Abul Kalam Azad, originally named Muhiyuddin Ahmad, was born on 11th November 1888 in Mecca, Saudi Arabia.
• He donned many hats being a journalist, freedom fighter, politician, and educationist.
• Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel was the First Home Minister and Deputy Prime Minister of India.
• He always requested the people of India to live together by uniting (Ek Bharat) in order to create a foremost India (Shresth Bharat).
• The Statue of Unity is built in honor of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel.
• It was inaugurated on 31st October 2018 to mark the 143rd birth anniversary of Sardar Patel.
• The Statue of Unity is the tallest statue in the world.

The correct answer is the Government of India Act, of 1935.

Key Points

• Government of India Act of 1935:
• It provided for the establishment of an All-India federation consisting of provinces and princely states as units.
• It divided the powers between the centre and units in terms of three lists- The federal list, the provincial list and the concurrent list.
• It abolished dyarchy in the provinces and introduced ‘provincial autonomy’ in its place
• Burma was separated from India.
• It provided for the adoption of dyarchy at the centre. However, this provision did not come into effect at all
• Bicameralism was introduced in six provinces- Bengal, Bombay, Madras, Bihar, Assam and the United Provinces.

Additional Information

• Provisions of the Government of India Act 1858 or Queens' Proclamation:
• East India Company was liquidated.
• Indian territories of Britain were to be governed in the name of the British Queen.
• The Court of Directors and the Board of Control were scrapped.
• The powers of the Company’s Court of Directors were vested with the Secretary of State for India.
• Provisions of the Morley-Minto reforms:
• The legislative councils at the Centre and the provinces increased in size.
• Central Legislative Council from 16 to 60 members
• Legislative Councils of Bengal, Madras, Bombay and United Provinces – 50 members each
• Legislative Councils of Punjab, Burma and Assam – 30 members each
• Principle Features of the Government of India Act 1919:
• Provincial Government
• Executive:
• Dyarchy was introduced, i.e., there were two classes of administrators –Executive councillors and ministers.
• Legislature:
• The size of the provincial legislative assemblies was increased.
• Now about 70% of the members were elected.

The correct answer is Mohan Singh.

Key Points

• Azad Hind Fauj or the India National Army (INA) was first established by Mohan Singh in 1942.
• It was revived by Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose on October 21, 1943, during the Second World War to secure India’s complete independence from British Raj.
• On this day, India’s first independent provisional government named Azad Hind Government was announced.
• This was followed by a conference in Bangkok (June 1942), where Rashbehari Bose was elected president of the league and a decision was taken to raise the Indian National Army.
• Captain Mohan Singh was appointed the commander of the INA, which had about 40,000 Indian soldiers
• This conference invited Bose to lead the movement.
• Earlier, Bose had escaped from India in 1941 to Berlin.
• In June 1943 he came to Tokyo and then India joined the INA in Singapore.
• Rashbehari Bose handed over the leadership to Subhas Bose, and an Azad Hind Sarkar was formed.

Additional Information

• Bhagat Singh was a revolutionary leader who was executed by the British. 
• In 1926, he founded the Naujawan Bharat Sabha.
• In 1928, he established the Hindustan Socialist Republican Association (HSRA) along with Sukhdev, Chandrashekhar Azad, and others.
• In April 1926, Bhagat Singh established contact with Sohan Singh Josh and through him the 'Kirti Kisan Party' which brought out the monthly magazine Kirti in Punjabi.
• In 1927, he was first arrested on charges of association with the Kakori Case accused for an article written under the pseudonym Vidrohi (Rebel).
• Bhagat Singh was re-arrested for the murder of J.P. Saunders and bomb manufacturing in the Lahore Conspiracy case.
• He was found guilty in this case and was hanged on 23rd March 1931 in Lahore along with Sukhdev and Rajguru.
• Every year, March 23 is observed as Martyrs’ Day as a tribute to freedom fighters Bhagat Singh, Sukhdev, and Rajguru.

The correct answer is Madhya Pradesh.

 Key Points

• The most important teak forests are found in Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, and Kerala besides Uttar Pradesh (small extent), Gujarat, Orissa, Rajasthan, Andhra Pradesh, and Manipur.
• Teak is a tropical hardwood tree species in the family Lamiaceae.
• It is a large, deciduous tree that occurs in mixed hardwood forests.
• It is a deciduous tree and it is found in tropical deciduous forests.

Additional Information

• Moist Evergreen Forests:
• Region: Found in southern India along the Western Ghats, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, and the northeastern region.
• Climatic Conditions: Found in warm and humid areas with annual precipitation of over 200 cm and mean annual temperature above 22°C.
• Trees: In these forests, trees reach great heights up to 60 m or above.
• Semi-Evergreen Forests:
• Region: Found in the less rainy parts of the regions where moist evergreen forests are found; the Western Ghats, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, and the Eastern Himalayas.
• Trees: Such forests have a mixture of moist evergreen and moist deciduous trees.
• Dry evergreen:
• Region: Found in the Shivalik Hills and foothills of the Himalayas up to a height of 1000 meters in the north.
• Found along Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka coast in the south.
• Climatic Conditions: Usually have a prolonged hot and dry season and a cold winter.

The correct answer is Burst.

Key Points

• The Burst of the Monsoon can be defined as a sudden increase in normal rainfall that continues for several consecutive days.
• It is a sudden change from hot and dry to humid and humid weather, characterized by rainfall.
• The burst of monsoon is first observed over the Western Ghats of Kerala, the coastal state of India, thus making the region the first state in India to receive rainfall from the southwest monsoon.

Additional Information

• Monsoons are seasonal winds that change direction with the seasons.
• Monsoons are a dual system of seasonal winds as they begin their journey from sea to land in summer and from land to sea in winter.
• The monsoon season lasts between 100 and 120 days, starting in early June and ending in mid-September.
• The southern tip of the Indian peninsula witnesses the monsoon by the first week of June.
• Thereafter, it proceeds into two branches namely the Bay of Bengal and the Arabian Sea.
• The Arabian Sea branch reaches Mumbai after about ten days on about 10 June.
• The Bay of Bengal branch also moves rapidly and reaches Assam in the first week of June.
• Retreating Monsoon Season
• The retreating southwest monsoon season is marked by clear skies and a rise in temperature.
• The land is still moist. Owing to the conditions of high temperature and humidity, the weather becomes rather oppressive. This is commonly known as the ‘October heat’.
• In the second half of October, the mercury begins to fall rapidly, particularly in northern India.
• The weather in the retreating monsoon is dry in north India but it is associated with rain in the eastern part of the Peninsula. Here, October and November are the rainiest months of the year.

The correct answer is Greenwich Mean Time.

Key Points

• Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) is the mean solar time at the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, London which is measured at midnight. 
• The Greenwich Mean Time was established by the Royal Observatory in 1675 with the purpose of assisting navigators at sea.
• When calculating GMT  it is considered equivalent to UT1 (the modern form of mean solar time at 0° longitude), but this meaning can differ from UTC by up to 0.9 seconds.
• Because of Earth’s uneven angular velocity in its elliptical orbit, GMT is rarely the exact moment the Sun crosses the Greenwich meridian.
• The term Greenwich Mean Time is used commonly in the United Kingdom and in the Commonwealth of Nations such as Australia, New Zealand, and many other countries of the Eastern Hemisphere.

Additional Information

• IST (Indian Standard Time)
• The Indian Standard Time was established as the official time zone of India upon its independence on August 15th, 1947.
• The IST is calculated on the basis of a clock tower in Mirzapur (with coordinates 25.15° North Latitude and 82.58° East longitude).
• Indian Standard Time is used observed in India and Sri Lanka but it takes references from the UTC (Universal Time Coordinate). The UTC has been developed as a successor to the Greenwich Mean Time.

The correct answer is the Crude Birth rate.

Key Points

• Crude birth rate 
• The Crude Birth Rate (CBR) is expressed as the number of live births in a year per thousand of the population.
• It is calculated as:
• 

​

• Where Bi is the number of live births during the year and P is the mid-year population.
• This implies that A country with a population of 2 million and 40,000 live births per year; has a crude birth rate of 20.
• The Crude Birth Rate (CBR) at the national level during 2013 stands at 21.4, a decline of 0.2 points over 2012.
• The maximum CBR has been reported in Bihar (27.6) and the minimum in Kerala (14.7).
  

It is expressed as births per 1,000 population.

• The crude birth rate in India is 17 births per 1000 persons.

Additional Information

• Total fertility rate (TFR) in simple terms refers to the total number of children born or likely to be born to a woman in her lifetime if she were subject to the prevailing rate of age-specific fertility in the population.
• TFR of about 2.1 children per woman is called Replacement-level fertility.
• The general fertility rate (GFR) is the average number of children currently being born to women of reproductive age in the period, typically 1-36 months preceding the survey, expressed per 1,000 women aged 15-44.
• Rate of Natural Increase (RNI)
• Crude Birth Rate minus Crude Death Rate is called the Rate of natural increase (RNI).
• The RNI does not take into account the immigration and emigration of people, so it does not show the population growth rate.
• Generally, the developing countries have high RNI while developed countries have low RNI.

The correct answer is 14.

Key Points

• In 1969, a total of 14 banks namely Allahabad Bank, Canara Bank, United Bank of India, UCO Bank, Syndicate Bank, Indian Overseas Bank, Bank of Baroda, Punjab National Bank, Bank of India, Bank of Maharashtra, Central Bank of India, Indian Bank, Dena Bank, Union Bank were nationalized.
• The nationalization of banks was implemented under the Banking Companies (Acquisition and Transfer of Undertakings) Act of 1970.
• The ordinance came into force on 19 July 1969, " to serve better the needs of the development of the economy in conformity with national policy objectives."

Additional Information

• Reasons responsible for the nationalization of banks were-
• Social welfare
• Controlling private monopolies
• Expansion of banking to rural areas
• Reducing regional imbalance to curb the urban-rural divide
• Priority Sector Lending: In India, the agriculture sector and its allied activities were the largest contributors to national income.

Important Points

• New Banks After the Recent Merger
• Punjab National Bank (PNB), Oriental Bank of Commerce (OBC), and United Bank of India amalgamated into PNB.
• Canara Bank and Syndicate Bank amalgamated into Canara Bank.
• Union Bank of India, Andhra Bank, and Corporation Bank amalgamated into Union Bank of India.
• Indian Bank and Allahabad Bank amalgamated into Indian Bank.

The correct answer is Atomic energy generation.

Key Points

• Economic Reforms of 1991 in India refer to the opening of the country’s economy to the rest of the world with the intention of increasing the role of the private sector and foreign investment.
• In 1991, only eight industries were reserved for the public sector, and they were restricted to atomic energy, arms, communication, mining, and railways.
• The industries reserved by the public sector are arms, atomic energy, and rail transport.

Additional Information

• Economic Reforms of 1991 brought in LGP Reforms in India.
• Liberalization entails the removal of governmental limitations on private individual activity.
• Privatization refers to the transition of a business, industry, or service from public to private ownership and management.
• Globalization is the flow of products, services, capital, and labor across international borders.
• The three primary areas in which economic changes were implemented during the Economic Reforms of 1991 were as follows:
• The complex system of rules, permissions, and licenses was removed.
• In nearly every area of economic activity, we turned around the significant bias in favor of state ownership of the means of production and the expansion of public sector businesses.

The correct answer is Shri Montek Singh Ahluwalia.

Key Points

• Shri Montek Singh Ahluwalia was the last deputy chairman of the Planning Commission.
• Montek Singh Ahluwalia is an Indian economist and civil servant who was the Deputy Chairman of the Planning Commission of India, a position which carried the rank of a Cabinet Minister.
• He tendered his resignation for this post in May 2014 following the impending end of the UPA-II regime at the center.
• He was previously the first Director of the Independent Evaluation Office at the International Monetary Fund.

Additional Information

• The Planning Commission was set up by a Resolution of the Government of India in March 1950.
• The prime objectives of the Government were to propel a rapid increase in the living standard of Indians by the productive exploitation of the country’s resources, raising production, and securing opportunities for everyone for employment in the service of society.
• The Prime Minister was the Chairman of the Planning Commission, which used to work under the overall guidance of the National Development Council.
• The Deputy Chairman and the full-time members of the Commission, as a composite body, provided advice and guidance to the subject Divisions for the formulation of Five Year Plans, Annual Plans, State Plans, Monitoring Plan Programmes, Projects, and Schemes.

The correct answer is the Primary sector.

Key Points

• The primary sector employs the largest portion of the Indian population.
• 
• In the Primary sector of the economy, activities are undertaken by directly using natural resources.
• Agriculture, Mining, Fishing, Forestry, Dairy, etc. are some examples of this sector.
• It is called so because it forms the base for all other products.
• Since most of the natural products we get are from agriculture, dairy, forestry, and fishing, it is also called Agriculture and allied sector.
• People engaged in primary activities are called red-collar workers due to the outdoor nature of their work.

Additional Information

• Secondary Sector
• It includes the industries where finished products are made from natural materials produced in the primary sector.
• Industrial production, cotton fabric, sugar cane production, etc. activities come under this sector.
• Since this sector is associated with different kinds of industries, it is also called the industrial sector.
• People engaged in secondary activities are called blue-collar workers.
• Tertiary Sector/Service Sector
• This sector’s activities help in the development of the primary and secondary sectors.
• Goods transported by trucks or trains, banking, insurance, finance, etc. come under the sector.
• It provides value addition to a product same as the secondary sector.
• These sector jobs are called white-collar jobs.
• Quaternary Activities
• These are specialized tertiary activities in the ‘Knowledge Sector’ which demands a separate classification.
• It is the process that enables entrepreneurs to innovate and improve the quality of services offered in the economy.

The correct answer is Punjab.

Key Points

• The Green Revolution in India was first introduced in Punjab in late 1966-67 as part of a development program issued by international donor agencies and the Government of India.
• The Green Revolution was an endeavor initiated by Norman Borlaug in the 1960s.
• He is known as the 'Father of Green Revolution in the world.
• In India, the Green Revolution was mainly led by M.S. Swaminathan.
• The Green Revolution resulted in a great increase in the production of food grains (especially wheat and rice) due to the introduction of developing countries of new, high-yielding variety seeds, beginning in the mid-20th century.

Additional Information

• Black Revolution:
• To increase petroleum production, the Government planned to accelerate the production of ethanol and to mix it up with petrol to produce biodiesel.
• Ethanol is a renewable source of energy and is a by-product of sugar production produced from molasses.
• The blending of ethanol with petrol has been practiced in the USA and Brazil for over 70 years.
• Pink Revolution:
• The boom of export and production of meat in India is the period of the Pink Revolution.
• It denotes the technological revolution in the poultry and meat processing sector.
• Grey Revolution:
• Grey revolution is related to increased fertilizer production.
• It is basically associated with the mal effects of the green revolution of India focusing on what can happen if the new agricultural equipment turns things wrong.
• Golden Fiber Revolution:
• Golden Fibre Revolution in India is related to jute production.
• During the industrial revolution, jute started being used as a raw material in the fabric industry and until today, processed jute is used for making strong threads and jute products.

The correct answer is Article 29.

Key Points

• Article 29 Constitution of India: Protection of interests of minorities
• It provides that any section of the citizens residing in any part of India having a distinct language, script, or culture of its own, shall have the right to conserve the same.
• It grants protection to both religious minorities as well as linguistic minorities.
• However, the Supreme Court held that the scope of this article is not necessarily restricted to minorities only, as the use of the word ‘section of citizen's in the Article includes minorities as well as the majority.

Additional Information

• Article 30: All minorities shall have the right to establish and administer educational institutions of their choice.
• The protection under Article 30 is confined only to minorities (religious or linguistic) and does not extend to any section of citizens (as under Article 29).
• Article 26 (Freedom to manage religious affairs)
• This Article provides that every religious denomination has the following rights, subject to morality, health, and public order.
• The right to form and maintain institutions for religious and charitable intents.
• The right to manage its own affairs in the matter of religion.
• The right to acquire immovable and movable property.
• The right to administer such property according to the law.
• Article 27 (Freedom as to payment of taxes for promotion of any particular religion)
• According to Article 27 of the Constitution, there can be no taxes, the proceeds of which are directly used for the promotion and/or maintenance of any particular religion/religious denomination.

The correct answer is Equal justice and free legal aid.

Key Points

• 42nd Amendment 1976
• Four Directive Principles were added by the 42nd amendment as follows:
• To secure opportunities for the healthy development of children (Article 39).
• To promote equal justice and to provide free legal aid to the poor (Article 39 A).
• To take steps to secure the participation of workers in the management of industries (Article 43 A).
• To protect and improve the environment and to safeguard forests and wildlife (Article 48 A).

Additional Information

• 44th Amendment 1978
• The 44th Amendment Act of 1978 added article 38(2) which said that the state shall, in particular, strive to minimize the inequalities in income, and endeavor to eliminate inequalities in status, facilities, and opportunities, not only amongst individuals but also amongst groups of people residing in different areas or engaged in different vocations.
• 97th amendment 2011
• Article 43-B inserted by the 97th amendment act in 2011 says that the state shall endeavor to promote voluntary formation, autonomous functioning, democratic control, and professional management of the cooperative societies.
• Further, the 86th amendment changed the subject of article 45 and brought it among fundamental rights as article 21-A for children of 6-14 age.
• The same article was now a directive principle of state to take care of children below 6 years.

The correct answer is All of these.

Key Points

• List of Fundamental Duties:
• To abide by the Constitution and respect its ideals and institutions, the National Flag and the National Anthem;
• To cherish and follow the noble ideals that inspired the national struggle for freedom;
• To uphold and protect the sovereignty, unity, and integrity of India;
• To defend the country and render national service when called upon to do so;
• To promote harmony and the spirit of common brotherhood amongst all the people of India transcending religious, linguistic, and regional or sectional diversities and to renounce practices derogatory to the dignity of women;
• To value and preserve the rich heritage of the country’s composite culture;
• To protect and improve the natural environment including forests, lakes, rivers, and wildlife, and to have compassion for living creatures;
• To develop scientific temper, humanism, and the spirit of inquiry and reform;
• To safeguard public property and to abjure violence;
• To strive towards excellence in all spheres of individual and collective activity so that the nation constantly rises to higher levels of endeavor and achievement; and
• To provide opportunities for education to his child or ward between the age of six and fourteen years (added by the 86th Constitutional Amendment Act, 2002).

Additional Information

• The idea of Fundamental Duties is inspired by the Constitution of Russia.
• These were incorporated in Part IV-A of the Constitution by the 42nd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1976 on the recommendations of the Swaran Singh Committee.
• Originally 10 in number, one more duty was added through the 86th Constitutional Amendment Act, of 2002.
• All eleven duties are listed in Article 51-A of the Constitution (the sole Article in Part-IV-A).
• The fundamental duties serve as a reminder to citizens that while enjoying their rights, they have also to be quite conscious of the duties they owe to their country, their society, and to their fellow citizens.
• However, like the Directive Principles, the duties are also non-justiciable in nature.

The correct answer is Hydrogen.

Key Points

• The element common to all acids is Hydrogen.
• Acids contain H⁺ ions as cations.
• The cation present in acids is H+, this suggests that acids produce hydrogen ions, H⁺, in solution, which is responsible for their acidic properties.
• Examples of acids are Hydrochloric acid (HCL), Nitric acid (HNO₃), and Sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄).

Additional Information

• The pH value of salts of strong acid and strong base is 7.
• The salts are from a strong acid and strong bases that do not hydrolyze and the resulting salt pH will remain 7.
• The anion in the salt form's strong base does not attract the H+ from the water.
• The three most common indicators to test for acids and bases are:
• Litmus
• Methyl orange
• Phenolphthalein.
• Litmus is a natural indicator.

The correct answer is Teflon.

Key Points

• Nonstick cookware, such as frying pans and saucepans, gets coated with a material called polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), commonly known as Teflon.
• Teflon is a synthetic chemical made up of carbon and fluorine atoms.
• It was first created in the 1930s and provides a nonreactive, nonstick, and almost frictionless surface.
• Teflon has several other applications.
• It is also used to make wire and cable coatings, fabric and carpet protectors, and waterproof fabrics for outdoor clothing such as raincoats.

Additional Information

• PVC(Polyvinyl Chloride)
• PVC is a polymer that is made from vinyl chloride polymerization.
• PVC is being used in a variety of products, including raincoats, wires, pipes, bottles, credit cards, flooring, etc.
• Since it resists water and fire, it is useful in producing many products.
• PVC is a thermoplastic polymer that undergoes melting on heating and solidification, and cooling with the chemical formula -[CH2=CHCl]n-.
• Important properties of PVC
• PVC is tough, lightweight, and abrasion-resistant.
• PVC is resistant to climate, chemicals, corrosion, abrasion, and shock. Hence, it is the preferred method for several outdoor and long-life products.
• PVC is an excellent material for insulation due to its high dielectric strength.
• PVC products are self-extinguishing due to high chlorine content.

The correct answer is Law-making.

Key Points

• Article 245 of the Indian constitution talks about the extent of laws made by the Parliament and by the Legislatures of States.
• It gives Parliament the power to make laws and also gives the legislative body the power to repeal them.
• 245(1): Subject to the provisions of this Constitution, Parliament may make laws for the whole or any part of the territory of India, and the Legislature of a State may make laws for the whole or any part of the State
• 245(2): No law made by Parliament shall be deemed to be invalid on the ground that it would have extra-territorial operation.

Additional Information

• The Parliament is the legislative organ of a Union government and the Parliament of India is its supreme legislative body.
• Rajya Sabha (The Council of States) It is the Upper House (Second Chamber or House of Elders) and it represents the states and union territories of the Indian Union.
• Lok Sabha (The House of the People): It is the Lower House (First Chamber or Popular House) and it represents the people of India as a whole.
• The President of India is not a member of either of the Houses and does not sit in the Parliament to attend its meetings but she/he is an integral part of the Parliament.

The correct answer is Centre & State Relations.

Key Points

• The Sarkaria Commission finally submitted its report in the year 1988.
• The Sarkaria Commission’s charter was to examine the relationship and balance of power between state and central governments in the country and suggest changes within the framework of the Constitution of India.
• Despite the large size of its reports – the Commission recommended, by and large, the status quo in Centre-State relations, especially in the areas, relating to legislative matters, the role of Governors, and the use of Article 356.

Additional Information

• The following are the important committees that are associated with electoral reforms in India:
• Tarkunde / J.P. Committee (1975):
• Goswami Committee (1990)
• Indrajit Gupta Committee on state funding of elections (1998)
• Narasimham Committee- II: This Committee is also known as the Banking Sector Committee.
• The task of the Committee was to review the progress of the implementation of reforms and to suggest a design for further strengthening of the sector.

The correct answer is Stellar distances.

 Key Points

• A light-year, alternatively spelled lightyear, is a large unit of length used to express astronomical distances and is equivalent to about 9.46 trillion kilometers (9.46×1012 km), or 5.88 trillion miles (5.88×1012 mi)
• As defined by the International Astronomical Union (IAU), a light-year is the distance that light travels in a vacuum in one Julian year (365.25 days).
• Because it includes the time-measurement word "year", the term light-year is sometimes misinterpreted as a unit of time.
• Hence, Light year is a measurement of Stellar distances.

Additional Information

• SI base units:

Given:

$\dfrac{(2.1)^3+(5.8)^3}{(2.1)^2-2.1 \times 5.8+(5.8)^2}$

Formula used:

a³ + b³ = (a + b)(a² - ab + b²)

Calculations:

$\dfrac{(2.1)^3+(5.8)^3}{(2.1)^2-2.1 \times 5.8+(5.8)^2}$

= $\dfrac{(2.1+5.8)(2.1^2-2.1×5.8+5.8^2)}{(2.1)^2-2.1 \times 5.8+(5.8)^2}$

= 2.1 + 5.8

= 7.9

∴ The answer is 7.9

Given:

70% of students passed in Physics, 80% passed in reasoning and 55% passed in both.

Calculations:

Let total percentage of student be 100%

Total percentage of students passed = (70 + 80 - 55)%

= 150% - 55%

= 95%

Failed percentage of students = 100% - 95% = 5%

∴ The answer is 5%.

The correct answer is Bharat Electronics Limited.

Key Points

• Bharat Electronics Limited Company signed an MOU with a Belarusian Company and its subsidiary.
• The MoU is signed to build cooperation amongst the three companies for the supply of Airborne Defense Suite (ADS) for Indian Air Force’s helicopters.

Additional Information

• Bharat Electronics Limited
• Founded: 1954;
• Headquarters: Bengaluru;
• Chairman & Managing Director: Anandi Ramalingam;
• Executive Director: Vinay Kumar Katyal.

The correct answer is the UK.

Key Points

• In June 2022, India announced the 'Commonwealth Diplomatic Academy Programme with the UK.
• This academy will equip young diplomats with the expertise and training they will need to tackle global challenges.

Additional Information

• United Kingdom
• Capital - London
• Prime Minister - Rishi Sunak

The correct answer is Karnataka.

Key Points

• Karnataka State Government launched Rs. 5,000 'Kashi yatra' subsidy scheme.
• The scheme offers around 30,000 pilgrims cash assistance of ₹5,000 each to take up a pilgrimage to the Kashi Vishwanath Temple in Uttar Pradesh's Varanasi.

Additional Information

• Karnataka
• Capital: Bengaluru.
• Chief Minister: Basavaraj Somappa Bommai.
• Governer:Thawar Chand Gehlot.

Given:

ACTIVE is coded as EDUJWA

Solutions:

In the word, ACTIVE, alphabet A and E are interchanged and the rest of the alphabets are changed to the corresponding next alphabet.

A = E

C + 1 = D

T + 1 = U

I + 1 = J

V + 1 = W

E = A

Now, in the word, EFFECT, the alphabets E and T are interchanged, and the rest of the alphabets are changed to the corresponding next alphabet.

E = T

F + 1 = G

F + 1 = G

E + 1 = F

C + 1 = D

T = E

EFFECT coded as TGGFDE

Hence, The correct answer is TGGFDE

Given:

It was Sunday on Jan. 1, 2006

Solution:

A leap year has 366 days or 52 weeks and 2 days. So there are 2 odd days.

A non leap year has 365 days or 52 weeks and 1 day. So there are 1 odd day.

Number of odd days from the year 2006 to the year 2009 = (1 + 1 + 2 + 1) = 5 days.

So, if we consider '0' for Sunday then Sunday + 5 = '5' for Friday.

Thus, on 1st Jan, 2010 it is Friday.

Hence, The correct answer is Friday.

The logic followed here is,

All the given numbers in the options are prime numbers except the one.

Solutions:

From the given options,

701, 101, 401 are prime numbers except 301 (it is divisible by 7, 43)

Hence, The correct answer is 301.

The correct answer is Nepal.

Key Points

• India gifted 75 ambulances and 17 school buses to Nepal as part of its ongoing efforts to build on the robust and longstanding partnership between the two countries.
• It will help the Himalayan nation bolster its infrastructure in the healthcare and education sectors.

Additional Information

• Nepal 
• Capital**: Kathmandu**
• President: Ramchandra Paudel
• Prime Minister:  Pushpa Kamal Dahal

The correct answer is Nepal.

Key Points

• Bharat Gaurav tourist train was flagged off between India and Nepal as part of the Ramayana Circuit in June 2022.
• It was flagged off from the Safdarjung Railway Station in New Delhi.

Additional Information

• The Ramayana Circuit is one of the 15 thematic circuits identified by the Ministry of Tourism of India.
• It was done under the Swadesh Darshan Scheme.
• 15 places will be connected to form a circuit.
• This scheme is a joint effort by the state and central government.
• This scheme put emphasis on local art and artists

Given:

Two statements are given which will depict the relatiom among them.

Solutions:

As per the statement II, the government has increased the duty or taxes on the prices of laptops for which the Laptop manufacturing companies are increasing their price rate on the corresponding laptops to reach the demand of the government.

So, it is clear that that due to the occurance of the statement II, statement I is taking place.

So, statement II is the cause for which statement I is the effect.

Hence, The answer is Statement II is the cause and statement I is its effect.

Given:

A said to his friend B, "She is the only daughter of the father of my mother.

Solutions:

The only daughter of the father of A's mother' means the mother of A.

Hence, A is the child of the lady in the photograph.

He is the son.

∴ The answer is son.

The correct answer is- 'Stoic.'

Key Points

• Let us see the meanings of the words:
• Orphan: a child whose parents are dead. (अनाथ)
• Stoic: suffering pain or difficulty without complaining. (दुख के प्रति उदासीन; विरक्त)
• Mercenary: interested only in making money. (जिस काम में केवल पैसा बनाने की बात हो; धन लोलुप)
• Optimist: a person who tends to be hopeful and confident about the future or the success of something. (आशावादी व्यक्ति)
• Therefore, "one who is indifferent to pleasure or pain" is called "Stoic."
• Option 2 is the correct answer.

The correct answer is 'Tardy.'

Key Points

 

 

• The word 'Rapid' means happening very quickly or moving with great speed.
• ('Rapid' शब्द का अर्थ है द्रुत (गति से होने वाला) या द्रुतगामी।)
• Let us see the meanings of the given options:
• Free: not in prison, in a cage, etc.; not held or controlled. (बंधन-मुक्त; स्‍वतंत्र, आज़ाद)
• Tardy: slow to act, move or happen; happening or arriving after the planned, expected or usual time. (धीमा, सुस्त; सामान्य, निर्धारित या अपेक्षित समय के बाद होनेवाला)
• Mean: unkind or unpleasant. (निर्दयी या अप्रिय)
• Adventurous: liking to try new things or have adventures. ( ख़तरे उठाने और नए-नए साहसिक काम करने को तैयार)
• From the meanings of the given words, we can say that the correct antonym of "Rapid" is "Tardy."

The correct answer is 'Docile.'

Key Points 

 

• The word 'Tame' means not wild or afraid of people, under control.
• ('Tame'  शब्द का अर्थ है घरेलू, पालतू, नियंत्रण में आने वाला।)
• Let us see the meanings of the given options:
• Animated: interesting and full of energy. (रोचक और जोशीला)
• Docile: quiet and easy to control. (शांत और सरलता से नियंत्रण में आने वाला या सधने वाला; शांत और विनीत)
• Spirited: full of energy, determination and courage. (ऊर्जा, दृढ़ता और साहस से पूर्ण)
• Free: not controlled by the government, rules, etc. (शासन, नियम आदि के अधीन नहीं; मुक्त, स्‍वतंत्र)
• From the meanings of the given words, we can say that the correct synonym of "Tame" is "Docile."

The correct answer is 'No​​.'

Key Points

• Let's have a look at the fifth sentence in the second paragraph of the passage:   
• “Valentine's Day is not an official holiday though in the U.S., meaning government offices and schools are open as usual."
• From the passage, it can be concluded that as Valentine's Day is not a recognized holiday in the United States, businesses and educational institutions are open as normal.
• Therefore, the correct answer is Option 3.

The correct answer is 'Thank-you cards​​.'

Key Points

• Let's have a look at the sixth sentence in the first paragraph of the passage:   
• “Valentine's Day is even celebrated by school children who give thank you cards to their teachers."
• From the passage, it can be concluded that even schoolchildren participate in Valentine's Day celebrations by sending thank-you cards to their teachers.
• Therefore, the correct answer is Option 3.

ईश्वर में विश्वास रखने वाला -'आस्तिक'. 

Key Points अन्य विकल्प- 

• आस्तिक का विलोम शब्द नास्तिक है।
• 'भक्त'-  जो ईश्वर की उपासना में लीन हो
• 'नास्तिक'- जो भगवान में विश्वास न रखता हो।
• 'श्रद्धावान'- जिसके मन में श्रद्धा का भाव हो।

 Additional Information

• ईश्वर, धर्म, दर्शन, आत��मा में रुचि रखने की प्रवृत्ति- 'आध्यात्मिक'
• मानसिक भाव छिपाना- 'अवहित्था'
• जो सदा से चला आ रहा हो- 'अनवरत'
• ऐसी जीविका जो आकस्मिक हो- 'आकाशवृति'​​

Hint

• वाक्य के लिए एक शब्द के प्रयोग में प्रत्यय व उपर्सग की एक महत्वपूर्ण भूमिका होती जिससे आप उन्हें आसानी से पहचान सकते हैं। जैसे इच्छा के लिए 'र्ष' प्रत्यय का प्रयोग होता है।
• कुछ महत्वपूर्ण उदाहरण
• 'मुमूर्षा'- मरने की इच्छा।
• 'मुमूर्ष'- मरने की इच्छा रखने वाला।
• 'तितीर्षा'- तैरने की इच्छा।

'इति-ईति' का सही अर्थ है समाप्ति-विघ्न

Key Points

• इति का अर्थ समाप्ति होता है, जबकि ईति का अर्थ विघ्न होता है।
• इति के अन्य पर्यायवाची - अवसान, अंत, इतिश्री, समापन आदि।
• विघ्न के पर्यायवाची - बाधा, रुकावट, अवरोध आदि। ​​

Additional Information

• अन्य विकल्प
• पूर्णता का अर्थ पूर्ण या पूरा होना होता है जबकि इच्छा का कामना होता है।
• प्रारंभ का अर्थ होता है किसी कार्य को पुनः शुरू करना होता है जबकि इसी का समश्रुत आरंभ होता है जिसका अर्थ किसी कार्य को सूत्रपात करना या शुरूआत करना होता है।
• पीड़ृा का अर्थ होता है वेदना या खेद होता है जबकि इसके लिए ईति शब्द का प्रयोग भी किया जा सकता है।

Important Points

• **समश्रुत शब्द-**हिन्दी भाषा में कई शब्द ऐसे होते है, जिनके उच्चारण और वर्तनी में बहुत कम भिन्नता होती है परन्तु अर्थ की दृष्टि से वे विल्कुल भिन्न होते हैं। ऐसे ही शब्दों को समश्रुत    युग्म-शब्द कहते है।

जैसे - अथक - बिना थके हुए**, अकथ -** जो कहा न जाए।​

 अन्य महत्वपूर्ण उदाहरण -

• अभिज्ञ - जानने वाला, अनभिज्ञ - अनजान
• नीड़ - घोसला, नीर-पानी
• निवृत - मुक्त, निवृत्ति-छुट्टी
• आर्त -दुःखी, आर्द्र - गीला, आर्द्रा - एक नक्षत्र

'स्वलप'- का सही संधि विच्छेद 'सु+अल्प' है।

• सु+ अल्प में (उ+अ) के योग से व् बन रहा है। (सु+ अल्प = स्वलप)

Key Points

• इस शब्द में यण संधि का संयोजन किया गया है।
• यण संधि- जब इ, ई, उ, ऊ और ऋ के बाद में असमान स्वर आते हैं तो इ, ई का य उ,ऊ का व् और ऋ, का र् हो जाता है।​

​

Hint

• य से पहले आधा व्यंजन होना चाहिए।
• व से पहले आधा व्यंजन होना चाहिए।

 Additional Information

• **संधि मुख्यता 3 प्रकार की होती है।**स्वर संधिव्यंजन संधिविसर्ग संधि

    स्वर संधि- 

• दो स्वरों के मेल से होने वाले विकार या परिवर्तन को. स्वर संधि कहते हैं। प्रथम शब्द का अंतिम वर्ण स्वर और दुसरे शब्द का प्रथम वर्ण स्वर होने पर जो परिवर्तन  होता है स्वर संधि कहलाती है।

Important Pointsस्वर संधिपाँच प्रकार की होती है।

• दीर्घ स्वर संधि- जब ह्रस्व या दीर्घ अ,उ, ऋ के बाद समान स्वर आए तो दोनों मिलकर दीर्घ स्वर आ,ई, ऊ, ऋ में परिवर्तित हो जाते है।
• उदाहरण- युग + अंतर- युगांतर , गीत + अंजलि - गीतांजलि।
• गुण स्वर संधि- यदि अ/आ के बाद  इ/ई, उ/ऊ तथा ऋ आदि स्वर आते हैं तो दोनों वर्ण में आपस में मिलकर क्रमशः ए,ओ तथा अर् हो जाते है।
• उदाहरण -  शुभ + इच्छु = शुभेच्छु  ​
• वृध्दि स्वर संधि- जब अ/आ के बाद ए/ऐ आए तो दोनोें मिलकर ऐ तथा ओ/औ आए तो दोनों मिलकर औ हो जाता है।
• उदाहरण- लोक + एषणा = लोकैषणा , महा + ओजस्वी = महौजस्वी
• यण स्वर संधि- जब इ,ई, उ,ऊ, और ऋ के बाद असमान स्वर आते हैं तो इ,ई का य् उ,ऊ का व्, ऋ का र् हो जाता है।
• उदाहरण- अति + आवश्यक = अत्यावश्यक, प्रति + आशा = प्रत्याशा
• अयादि स्वर संधि - जब ए ऐ ओ औ के बाद असमान स्वर आए तो ए की जगह अय्, ऐ की जगह आय्, ओ की जगह अव्  और औ की जगह आव् हो जाता है और इससे बनने वाली संधि अयादि स्वर संधि कहलाती है।
• उदाहरण- रो + ईश = रवीश, नो + इक = नाविक, पौ + अक = पावक

'बिल्ली को पहले ही दिन मारना चाहिए' का अर्थ है भय का शमन शुरू में ही कर देना चाहिए।

• प्रश्न में दिया गया वाक्य एक लोकोक्ति का उदाहरण है जिसका अन्य अर्थ मुसीबत आने से पहले ही उसका समाधान करना भी होता है।

Key Points

• लोकोक्ति- लोक में प्रचलित उक्ति या कथन को लोकोक्ति कहते हैं। लोकोक्ति का प्रयोग वाक्य में नहीं किया जा सकता। वह अपने आप में पूरा वाक्य होता है।
• 'थाली में छेदं करना' एक मुहावरे है जिसका अर्थ है जिस व्यक्ति के आश्रय में रहना, उसी को हानि पहुंचाना।
• 'आँखे खुलना' मुहावरे का अर्थ बुरा समय आते ही सचेत हो जाना चाहिए या सावधान होना।

Additional Information

• मुहावरा- ऐेसे वाक्यांश या पदबंध जो अपना सामान्य अर्थ का बोध न कराकर विशेष या विलक्षण अर्थ का बोध कराते है।
• जैसे  'अढाई दिन की बादशाहत' का अर्थ थोड़े दिन की शान-शौकत।
• 'अंतड़ियों में बल पड़ना'- पेट में दर्द होना।
• **'​एक तंदुरुस्ती हजार नियामत'-**स्वास्थय बहुत बड़ी चीज है।
• **'कब बबा मरहीं त कब बरा चुरहीं'-**कार्य का अनिश्चित होना।

​ 

Important Points

• मुहावरा वाक्यांश होता है, जबकि लोकोक्ति एक स्वतंत्र वाक्य होता है।
• मुहावरा और लोकोक्ति भाषा को अलंकृत करने का कार्य करते ।

'स्थावर'का विलोम जंगम होता है।

Key Points  अन्य विकल्प- 

• 'सचल' का विलोम शब्द अचल होता हैं।
• 'चंचल' शब्द का विलोम स्थिर होता है।
• 'चेतन' शब्द का विलोम जड़ होता है।

  पर्यायवाची-

• सचल के पर्यायवाची- अस्थावर, जंगम, चलिष्णु
• चंचल के पर्यायवाची- चपल, अनियतात्मा,अधीर, विलोल
• चेतन के पर्यायवाची- प्राणवान, प्राणिक, जीवंत, तनुधारी

 Additional Information

• विलोम - विलोम शब्द का शाब्दिक अर्थ होता है उल्टा या विपरीत,जिन शब्दों के अपने अर्थ होते है उन शब्दों के विपरीत अर्थ देने वाले शब्द विलोम शब्द कहलाते है।
• विलोम के कुछ अन्य उदाहरण-

Given:

Average of 308, 125, 45, 120, 102

Formula used:

Average = $\dfrac{sum \ of \ observation}{number \ of \ observation}$

Calculations:

Average = $\dfrac{308 + 125 + 45 + 120 + 102}{5}$

= $\dfrac{700}{5}$

= 140

∴ The answer is 140.

Given:

$\sqrt{9-4\sqrt{5}}=$

Formula used:

(a - b)² = a² + b² - 2ab

Calculations:

$\sqrt{9-4\sqrt{5}}=$

= $\sqrt{5 + 4 - 4\sqrt{5}}=$

= $\sqrt{√5^2 + 2^2 - 2×2×\sqrt{5}}=$

= $\sqrt{(√5 - 2)^2}=$

= $\sqrt5-2$

∴ The answer is $\sqrt5-2$

Given:

$\dfrac{4}{9},\dfrac{5}{7},\dfrac{11}{13},\dfrac{13}{17}$

Concept used:

Convert the following fractions into decimals and then tally the values.

Calculations:

$\dfrac{4}{9}$ = 0.44

$\dfrac{5}{7}$ = 0.71

$\dfrac{11}{13}$ = 0.84

$\dfrac{13}{17}$ = 0.76

From the above calculation, it is clear that 0.84 or $\dfrac{11}{13}$ is the largest of all.

∴ The answer is $\dfrac{11}{13}$

The correct answer is quality, quantity, and duration of light.

Key Points

• The important factors affecting the growth of plants include:
• Temperature: Growth is accelerated with the increase in temperature.
• Light: Light intensity, duration of light, and the quality of light influence many physiological processes occurring in a plant.
• Water: Water is an essential factor for plant growth.
• They grow well in a sufficient amount of water. They even respond to the scarcity of water.
• Soil Nutrients: Plants require an adequate amount of nutrients for proper growth. The quality and quantity of nutrients affect plant growth.
• Plant Growth Regulators: Various plant growth regulators such as auxin, cytokinin, gibberellins, etc. are added to plants to regulate their growth.​

The correct answer is Dolphins.

Key Points

• Dolphins are the most intelligent mammals on earth.
• Studies show that they are capable of complex problem-solving and have the ability to learn as an individual.
• They can also pass the knowledge on to others. Dolphins have highly-developed brains.
• Dolphins use echolocation for hunting.
• Their echolocation can even help them know the kind and size of objects. ​

Additional Information

• Recently, Scientists from the Zoological Survey of India (ZSI) have found a new mammal species in the country — the White Cheeked Macaque (Macaca leucogenys).
• While the species was first discovered in China in 2015, its existence was not known in India before this.
• It is only now that Indian scientists have discovered its presence in the remote Anjaw district in central Arunachal Pradesh.
• The latest discovery takes India’s mammal count from 437 to 438.

The correct answer is Himachal Pradesh.

Key Points

• Himachal Pradesh Chief Minister Jai Ram Thakur launched the 'Naari Ko Naman' scheme.
• It aims to 50 per cent concession on bus fares to women for travel within the state.

Additional Information

• Himachal Pradesh
• Capital: Shimla (Summer) , Dharamshala (Winter).
• Chief Minister: Sukhvinder Singh Sukhu.
• Governor: Sukhvinder Singh Sukhu**.**

The correct answer is Varanasi.

Key Points

• PM Narendra Modi inaugurated and laid the foundation stone of initiatives worth ₹1,800 crores at an event at Dr Sampurnanand Sports Stadium in Varanasi.

Additional Information

• Varanasi has situated on the bank of the river Ganga.
• It is also called the oldest living city in the world.
• Varanasi has been declared the City of Music by UNESCO in 2015.
• Some Hindu temples, such as Kashi Vishwanath temple, Durga temple, Bharat Mata temple and Sankat Mochan Hanuman temples are famous in Varanasi.
• Varanasi is a city in Uttar Pradesh and is also known as Benares or Kashi.
• As per Hindu mythology, Varanasi was founded by Shiva, so the city is dedicated to Lord Shiva.

The correct answer is NITI Aayog.

Key Points

• Recently NITI Aayog launched a report titled ‘India's Booming Gig and Platform Economy.
• This report was released by NITI Aayog Vice Chairman Suman Bery, CEO Shri B.V.R. Subrahmanyam and Special Secretary Dr K Rajeswara Rao.
• The report is a first-of-its-kind study that presents comprehensive perspectives and recommendations on the gig–platform economy in India.
• The report provides a scientific methodological approach to estimate the current size and job-generation potential of the sector.
• It highlights the opportunities and challenges of this emerging sector.

Additional Information

• World Bank
• It is one of the world’s largest sources of funding and knowledge for developing countries.
• It is committed to reducing poverty, increasing shared prosperity, and promoting sustainable development.
• It was founded in 1944 at the United Nations Bretton Woods Conference in New Hampshire, United States.
• Member countries- 189
• President- David Malpass
• Headquarters- Washington D.C., USA.
• International Monetary Fund
• It promotes international financial stability and monetary cooperation.
• It also facilitates international trade, promotes employment and sustainable economic growth, and helps to reduce global poverty.
• It was established in 1944 at the United Nations Bretton WoodsConference in New Hampshire, United States.
• Member countries- 190
• Headquarters- **Washington D.C., USA.**​
• Mr. Christensen will assume his role as the IMF's Director of the Corporate Services and Facilities Department on November 1, 2022.
• International Labour Organisation
• It is a specialized agency of the United Nations (UN) dedicated to improving labour conditions and living standards throughout the world.
• Established in 1919 by the Treaty of Versailles as an affiliated agency of the League of Nations, the ILO became the first affiliated specialized agency of the United Nations in 1946.
• In recognition of its activities, the ILO was awarded the Nobel Prize for Peace in 1969.
• India is a founding member of the ILO and it has been a permanent member of the ILO Governing Body since 1922.
• In India, the first ILO Office was started in 1928.
• Headquarters: Geneva, Switzerland
• Current Director-General: Gilbert Houngbo​

The correct answer is Uttar Pradesh.

Key Points

• Uttar Pradesh state government is planning to build an education township on the idea of 'Single Entry, Multiple Exit'.
• The move will provide high-quality education to the youth and equip them with a variety of professional skills in a single place.
• Besides, it will provide accommodation and many other facilities to both students and teachers.

Important Points

• Prestigious government and private universities of the country and the world will be able to open their campuses in the township.
• There will be primary and secondary schools like Atal Residential Schools in the same place.
• Universities and colleges will be established for undergraduate and postgraduate studies wherein studies and research works related to management, technology, law, and medicine will be carried out.
• The education township will also feature skill development universities where training will be imparted to the youth in different types of skills.
• Besides, many other coaching institutes like Abhyudaya will be started in these education townships so that more and more students can be successful in competitive examinations like NEET, IIT, Union Public Service Commission etc to be held in the country and the state.
• Accommodations will be provided to both teachers and students at the education township.
• With the introduction of the ‘Single Entry, Multiple Exit’ system in the state, students will be able to avail of cheap education loans.

Additional Information

• Uttar Pradesh
• Capital: Lucknow.
• Chief Minister: Yogi Adityanath.
• Governor: Anandiben Patel.

The correct answer is Lakshadweep.

Key Points

• Lakshadweep
• It is the smallest Union Territory of India.
• It is an archipelago consisting of 36 islands with an area of 32 sq km.
• It is a uni-district Union Territory and is comprised of 12 atolls, three reefs, five submerged banks and ten inhabited islands.
• Lakshadweep is formerly known as Laccadive Islands.
• The name Lakshadweep in Malayalam and Sanskrit means ‘a hundred thousand islands.
• Kavaratti is the capital of Lakshadweep.
• Minicoy is the second-largest and southernmost island and Andrott Island is the largest of the group.
• Minicoy is separated from the rest of the Lakshadweep by a Nine-degree channel.
• The eight-degree channel separates the Lakshadweep group from the Maldives.

Additional Information

• A Union Territory is a type of administrative division in India.
• It is governed directly by the Central Government of India.
• As of 2020, there are eight union territories in India, the latest being Ladakh and Jammu and Kashmir which was added to the list in 2019 under the Jammu and Kashmir Reorganization Act, 2019.
• The union territories of Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu were merged into a single union territory to be known as Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu in November 2019.
• Daman and Diu and Dadra Nagar and Haveli is a union territory in the Western region of India and were earlier two different union territories but were merged by new legislation introduced by the government.
• Ladakh is a union territory and was formed under the Jammu and Kashmir Reorganization Act, 2019. Leh and Kargil are the capital.

The correct answer is ICICI Bank.

Key Points

• A new digital platform 'Campus Power' for the student ecosystem has been launched by ICICI Bank.
• It is launched to assist students who want to pursue higher education in India and abroad.
• The platform caters to the needs of the students, parents and institutes.

Additional Information

• ICICI Bank
• ICICI in ICICI Bank stands for Industrial Credit and Investment Corporation of India.
• ICICI was formed in 1955.
• The objective was to create a development financial institution for providing medium-term and long-term project financing to Indian businesses.
• Headquarters: Mumbai.

The correct answer is 5.

Key Points

• Five states of India share boundaries with Bangladesh namely West Bengal**, Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura and Mizoram.**
• West Bengal having the highest length of border shares 2,217 km with Bangladesh.

Additional Information

• India has 15,106.7 km of land border and a coastline of 7,516.6 km including island territories.
• India shares its land border with seven countries- 
• Afghanistan and Pakistan to the North-West,
• China, Bhutan and Nepal to the North**,**
• Bangladesh to the East and
• Myanmar to the Far East.

The correct answer is Zloty.

Key Points

• The złoty is the national currency and legal tender of Poland.
• It is subdivided into **100 grosz.**​

Additional Information

• Yen:
• The yen is the official currency of Japan.
• It is the third-most traded currency in the foreign exchange market, after the United States dollar and the euro.
• It is also widely used as a third reserve currency after the US dollar and the euro.
• Dollar
• The dollar is the most widely used currency in international transactions and a free-floating currency.
• It is also the official currency in several countries.

The correct answer is Kathak.

Key Points

• Kathak is a popular classical dance of Uttar Pradesh.
• The word Kathak means the “narrator”.
• Kathak dance is the art of narration through slick yet sharp body movements.
• It is accompanied by the traditional instrument **Tabla or pakhavaj.**​

Additional Information

• ​Kuchipudi
• Kuchipudi, one of the major dance forms of India was originated in Andhra Pradesh.
• It grew largely as a product of the Bhakti movement beginning in the 7th Century AD.
• Kuchipudi derives its name from the village Kuchelapuram, where it was nurtured by great scholars and artists who built up the repertoire and refined the dance technique.
• Kathakali
• Kathakali is a classical Indian dance form which is a story play genre of art is the folk dance form of Kerala.
• Kathakali is the most difficult style of the traditional dance form.
• In this, the actors speak ‘sign language’ where hand gestures are used to dictate the word part of
• the character and facial and eye movements express emotions and mood.
• Kathakali is based on the epics of Ramayana and Mahabharata. ​
• Mohiniattam
• It is an Indian classical dance form that evolved in the state of Kerala.
• It is among the two popular dance arts of the state, the other being Kathakali.
• It is considered a very graceful form of dance meant to be performed as solo recitals by women.
• It is believed to have originated in the 16th century.
• It is one of the eight Indian classical dance forms recognized by the Sangeet Natak Akademi.

The correct answer is President of India.

Key Points

• The President of India has the power to prorogue the Lok Sabha sessions.
• He is the head of the state of India and the commander-in-chief of the Indian Armed Forces.

Additional Information

• Legislative Powers of the President
• He summons or prorogues Parliament and dissolve the Lok Sabha.
• He summons a joint sitting of Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha in case of deadlock.
• He addresses the Indian Parliament at the commencement of the first session after every general election.
• He appoints speaker, deputy speaker of Lok Sabha and chairman/deputy chairman of Rajya Sabha when
• the seats fall vacant He nominates 12 members of the Rajya Sabha.
• He can nominate two members to the Lok Sabha from the Anglo-Indian Community.
• He consults Election Commission of India on questions of disqualifications of MPs.
• He recommends/ permits the introduction of certain types of bills He promulgates ordinances.
• He lays the following reports before the Parliament:
• Comptroller and Auditor General
• Union Public Service Commission
• Finance Commission, etc
• Financial Powers of President
• To introduce the money bill, his prior recommendation is a must.
• He causes Union Budget to be laid before the Parliament.
• To make a demand for grants, his recommendation is a pre-requisite.
• Contingency Fund of India is under his control.
• He constitutes the Finance Commission every five year
• Judicial Powers of President
• Appointment of Chief Justice and Supreme Court/High Court Judges are on him.
• He takes advises from Supreme Court however, those advises are not binding on him.
• He has pardoning power.
• Diplomatic Powers of President
• International Treaties and agreements that are approved by the Parliament are negotiated and concluded in his name.
• He is the representative of India in international forums and affairs.
• Military Powers of President
• He is the commander of defence forces of India.
• He appoints:
• chief of the Army
• chief of the Navy, and
• chief of the Air Force
• Emergency Powers of President
• He deals with three types of emergencies given in the Indian Constitution:
• National Emergency (Article 352)
• President’s Rule (Article 356 & 365); and
• Financial Emergency (Article 360)

The correct answer is 2 October.

Key Points

• The International Day of Non-Violence is observed on 2 October in honour of the birthday of Mahatma Gandhi.
• The International Day of Non-Violence is a global observance that promotes non-violence through education and public awareness.
• On 15 June 2007 the United Nations General Assembly establish 2 October as the International Day of Non-Violence.

Additional Information

• Lal Bahadur Shastri Jayanti is also observed on 2^nd October.
• 23^rd March is celebrated as Martyr's Day to remember the sacrifice of three extraordinary freedom fighters of India.
• 23^rd March is also observed as World Meteorological Day.
• 30 January is celebrated as Shaheed Diwas, or Martyr's Day, in the memory of Mahatma Gandhi.
• Human Rights Day is observed by the international community every year on 10 December.

The correct answer is Kochi (Kerala).

Key Points

• The tomb (the burial place) of Vasco-da-Gama is situated in Kochi, Kerala.

Additional Information

• Vasco Da Gama discovered the sea route from Portugal to India and came to India in 1498 at Calicut.
• He belonged to Portugal and the discovery of the sea route became essential as Ottomans occupied Constantinople (present-day Istanbul) and stopped the trade through the land route.
• Vasco da Gama’s fleet arrived in Kappadu near Kozhikode (Calicut), in Malabar Coast (present-day Kerala state of India).
• The King of Calicut at that time was Samudiri (Zamorin).

The correct answer is Badminton.

Key Points

• Thomas Cup" is related to Badminton.
• The Thomas Cup is also called the World Men's Team Championships.
• It is an international badminton competition among teams representing member nations of the Badminton World Federation (BWF), the sport's global governing body.
• Trophies related to Badminton: Agarwal Cup, Amrit Diwan Cup, Chadha Cup, Divan Cup, Ibrahim Rahimatillah Challenger Cup, Lady Ratan Tata Trophy, Maharaja Ranjit Singh Gold Cup, Narang Cup, Thomas Cup, Tunku Abdul-Rahman Cup, Uber Cup (Women).

Additional Information

• Trophies related to Tennis
• Barna Bellack Cup, Davis Cup, Grand Prix, Jaylaxmi Cup (Women's), Rajendra Prasad Cup, Rajkumar Cup (Junior boys), Rajkumari Cup (Junior girls), Ramanujan Trophy.Thant Cup, Travancore Cup (Women's), Wightman Cup, Wimbledon Trophy.
• Trophies related to Cricket
• Asia Cup, Benson and Hedges, C. K. Naidu Trophy, Coach Behar Trophy, Deodhar Trophy, Duleep Trophy, G. D. Birla Trophy, Ghulam Ahmed Trophy, ICC Champions Trophy, ICC World Cup, Irani Trophy, Moinuddowla Gold Cup, MRF World Cup, Nehru Cup (Jawaharlal Nehru Cup), Rani Jhansi Trophy Ranji Trophy, Reliance Cup, Rohinton Baria Trophy, Rothman’s Trophy, Sahara Cup, Sheesh Mahal Trophy, Vijay Merchant Trophy, Vizzy Trophy, Wills Trophy.
• Trophies related to Basket Ball
• Bangalore Cup, Todd Memorial Trophy, Williams Cup

The correct answer is Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam.

Key Points

• The famous book - 'Wings of Fire' is an autobiography of Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam.
• It was written by him and **Arun Tiwari.**​

Additional Information

• Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam
• Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam was an Indian aerospace scientist and statesman.
• He served as the 11th President of India from 2002 to 2007.
• He was born and raised in Rameswaram, Tamil Nadu and studied physics and aerospace engineering.
• In his literary pursuit Dr Kalam authored a number of books:
• "Wings of Fire",
• "India 2020 - A Vision for the New Millennium",
• "My journey" and
• "Ignited Minds - Unleashing the power within India",
• "Indomitable Spirit",
• "Guiding Souls",
• "Envisioning an Empowered Nation",
• "Inspiring Thoughts",
• "Children Ask Kalam",
• "You are born to blossom",
• "Family and the Nation",
• "Life Tree" and
• "The Luminous Sparks" a collection of his poems. ​

The correct answer is All of these.

Key Points

• Global warming basically refers to the heating up of the earth's atmosphere due to an increase in the concentration of greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide, and water vapour among others.
• It may lead to an increase in sea level due to the melting of ice, which may in turn have an impact on cropping patterns as well.

Additional Information

• Global warming refers to the heating of the earth’s atmosphere beyond desirable levels.
• The imbalance in the composition of gases in the atmosphere, which has relatively more capacity to absorb heat radiation, is the main cause for global warming.
• The gases contributing to global warming are called Greenhouse gases.
• The major Greenhouse gases are
• Carbon dioxide(CO ),
• Methane(CH ),
• Nitrous
  

Oxide(N O) and

• Water vapour.
• Other gases like Fluorinated gases (like HFC, CFC, ) also contribute to global warming.

माँ-बाप का सपना पूरा करने, सुख-चैन की जिन्दगी बसर करने तथा समाज में प्रतिष्ठा बढ़ाने के लिए जाते हैं। सबसे प्रबल तर्क है।

Key Points

• प्रस्तुत गद्याशं के अनुसार कई माता-पिता का सपना होता है कि उनकी संतान विदेश में जाकर पढ़े, वहाँ सुख-चैन की जिन्दगी बसर करे और समाज में उनका नाम ऊँचा करें।
• पढे-लिखे नवयुवक विदेश जाने का कारण गद्याश यहा भी दिया गया है कि भारत में बेकारी,गरीबी, गन्दगी, प्रदुषण और भ्रष्टाचार है।
• जबकि विदेशों मे इसके विपरीत स्वर्गीय आनंद है।

​बच्चों के परिवार के सदस्यों (पत्नी और उनके बच्चों) के रहन-सहन, खान-पान, पहनावे और चाल-चलन पर ऐतराज और कटाक्ष करते होंगे। प्रस्तुत गद्याशं इसी व्यवहार की व्याख्या की गई है। 

Key Points

• प्रस्तुत गद्याशं यह स्पष्ट दिया गया है कि शुरू में तो माँ-बाप, सगे-सम्बन्धी सभी याद आते हैं पर कलांतर में नवयुवक वहाँ की संस्कृति का एक हिस्सा बन जाते हैं।
• विदेश जाने वाले नवयुवकों को यह अपनी संस्कृति और जीवन शैली पुराने जमाने की लगने लगती है।
• वह अपने आप भारतीय संस्कृति पराया और कमतर समझने लगते हैं।
• यदि नवयुवक जब विदेशी लड़की से शादी कर लेते हैं तो उनके घर का रहन सहन भी वहीं के जैसा हो जाता है।
• इसके परिणाम स्परूप जब माता-पिता विदेश में अपने बच्चों के साथ रहते हैं तो उनका रहन सहन,खान-पान. पहनावे को देखते है तो ऐतराज करते हैं और अपनी भारतीय संस्कति को अपनाने कि बात करते है तो वह उस परिवार एडजस्ट नहीं कर पाते।

गद्याशं के अनुसार ​विदेश में जा बसे बच्चों के व्यवहार परिवर्तन के लिए अधूरे संस्कारों को दोषी माना गया है।

Key Points

• इस गद्याशं की शुरूआत में ही माँ-बाप अपने बच्चों को विदेश भेजने के लिए तत्पर होते होते हैं।
• गद्याशं के अनुसार भारत में व्याप्त बेकारी,गरीबी,गन्दगी,प्रदूषण और भ्रष्टाचार के कारण माँ-बाप अपने बच्चो को विदेश पढ़ने भेजते है और वहां पर यहां से विपरीत दृश्य पाकर बच्चों के व्यवहार परिवर्तन आना शुरू हो जाता है।
• इसके लिए माँ-बाप के द्वारा बच्चो को दिए गए अधूरे संस्कारा अ���िक दोषी होते हैं जिसमें मां-बाप भारत के सिर्फ एक पहलू की ही व्याख्या करते हैं और भारत की महान संस्कृति के बारे में सही जानकारी नहीं देते।

गद्यांश के अनुसार ​विदेश में जा बसे बच्चों के माँ-बाप अपने द्वारा भोगे जाने वाले कष्‍टों और दुश्चिंताओं की चर्चा इसलिए नहीं करते क्योंकि वह जग हँसाई से बचना चाहते हैं।

Key Points

• जैसा की उपरोक्त गद्यांश कहा गया है कि भारतीय नवयुवकों को विदेशी संस्कृत और जीवन अपनी ओर आकर्षित कर रहे हैं।
• इसके लिए उनके माता-पिता का भी यही निर्णय होता हैं कि उनके बच्चे विदेश जाकर अच्छी शिक्षा प्राप्त करें।
• लेकिन जब कुछ दिनों बाद उनके बच्चों के स्वभाव और रहन सहन बदलाव आने लगता हैं।
• बच्चे अब अपने माता-पिता के रहन सहन और संस्कृति के अनुरूप नहीं रहना चाहते।
• बच्चे के इस बदलाव के लिए माता-पिता स्वयं जिम्मेदार होते हैं इसलिए गद्याशं के अनुसार माँ-बाप अपने द्वारा भोगे जाने वाले कष्टों और दुश्चिताओं की चर्चा नहीं करते जिससे उनके निर्णय पर जग हँसाई करें।

माँ- बाप, पत्नी व बच्चों के साथ एडजस्ट नहीं कर पाने का मुख्य कारण है दो पीढ़ियों का अंतराल**।**

Key Points

• गद्याश के अनुसार माँ- बाप अपने बच्चों को विदेश में तरक्की करना तो देखना चाहते है लेकिन वहां की संस्कृति को अपनाने से मना करते हैं।
• माँ-बाप आज के जमाने की तरह सोच विचार नही रखते इसलिए बच्चों को लगता है कि यह कि उनके द्वारा लिए गए निर्णय हमारे उपर थोपे जा रहे है क्योंकि उन्हें इन सब पुरानी विचार धाराओं के साथ बच्चे एडजस्ट नहीं कर पाते।
• भारतीय युवक विदेश में रहकर जब किसी विदेशी लड़की से शादी कर लेता है तो उसके कारण उनके घर का रहन-सहन बदल जाता है। इस प्रकार उनके बच्चों में वहीं के संस्कार आ जाते हैं। जिससे उस व्यक्ति के माँ-बाप में और पत्नी व बच्चों में दो पीढ़ियों का अंतरालआ जाता हैं।
• और यही कारण बनता है कि माँ-बाप,पत्नी व बच्चों के साथ एडजस्ट नहीं कर पाते।

उपरोक्त गद्याशं में आज बुजुर्गों के लिए बदलते समय की सर्वोंचित मांग है कि बुजुर्ग बुढ़ापे के लिए कुछ अर्जित करके रखें और अगली पीढ़ी के सदस्यों पर न बोझ बनें और न अपनी राय थोपें।

 Key Points

• गद्यांश के अनुसार आज कल के बच्चे बहुत असहनशील होते जा रहे है किसी की कोई बात या सलाह वर्दाशत नहीं होती इसलिए बुजुर्गों को सलाह आदि देने से बचना चाहिए तथा अपने अच्छे जीवन के लिए कुछ धन आदि अर्जित करके रखे जिससे वह अपनी जरूरत की वस्तुओं का उपयोग कर सके।
• अपने पुराने ख्यालों को विचारों के रूप या अपनी राय के रूप मेें अपने बच्चों पर ना थोपे।
• आज कल के असहनशील बच्चों को अपने अनुसार निर्णय लेने दें और उनके निर्णय में बाधा न उत्पन्न करे।
• समय बदल रहा है और आज कल की पीढ़ी को अऩुभवपूर्ण सलाह की आवश्कता नहीं है। इसलिए बुजुर्गों को सलहा देने से बचना चाहिए।

दिए गये अनुच्छेद के भाव के अनुसार 'जो माता-पिता बदलते समय के साथ अपने आप को बदल लेते है और बहू-बेटों और उनके परिवार को उचित सम्मान देते हैं।'

Key Points

• गद्यांश के अनुसार बच्चों को इतना लाड प्यार मिलने बाबजूद आज की नई पीढ़ी के बच्चे असहनशील होते जा रहे हैं। जिसके वजह से बच्चों और माँ-बाप के बीच दूरी बड़ती जा रही है।
• माँ-बाप के द्वारा पालित-पोषित बच्चे उन्हें उनके ही घर में पराया कर दिया जाता है।
• लेकिन ऐसे माता-पिता जो बदलते समय के साथ अपने बच्चों को स्वतंत्र रूप से सोचने और कार्य करने की आजादी देते हैं। उनके विचारों का सम्मान करते हैं, और साथ ही बुजुर्ग बुढ़ापे के लिए कुछ अर्जित करके रखते हैं वह कभी भी दीन-हीन से होकर बच्चों का मुंह नहीं ताकते हैं।

अनुच्छेद के अनुसार पीढ़ियों के अंतरण के कारण जीवन मूल्यों के बदलने से युवा पीढ़ी अदूरदर्शी और असहनशील होती जा रही है और उसकी ग्रहणशीलता कम होती जा रही है। जिसके कारण युवा पीढी से आत्मीयता गायब होती जा रही हैं।

Key Points

• प्रस्तुत गद्यांश के अनुसार माता-पिता 'लालयेत् पश्त वर्षाणि, दश वर्षांणि ताडयेत्' के आर्दश पर बच्चों को का पालते हैं। जोकि अब बदल चुका है।
• इतना लाड मिलने के बाबजूद की नई पीढ़ी के बच्चे असहनशील होते जा रहे हैं। इसका मूख्य कारण पीढ़ियो के अंतरण के कारण जीवन मूल्यों के बदलने से युवा पीढ़ी अदूरदर्शी और असहनशील होती जा रही है।
• इसके विपरीन पुरानी पीढ़ी तक आत्मीयता विद्यमान थी, क्योंकि पुराने समय सभी अपने माँ-बाप के विचारों का सम्मान करते हुए वर्तमान को अपनाते थे।
• पीढ़ी अंतरण के कारण ही आज माँ-बाप अपने बनाये गये परिवार में असहज महसूस करने लगते हैं।

उरोक्त गद्यांश मेें संतान के साथ रहने की इच्छा होते हुए भी कई मां-बाप के अकेले रहने का मुख्य कारण माँ-बाप का संतान और उसके परिवार के प्रति रूखा व्यवहार, वाणी का असंयम और बहू-बेटों की जिन्दगी में ज्यादा दखलअंदाजी देना।

Key Points

• उपरोक्त गद्यांश में माँ- बाप के प्रति आज के समाज के बच्चों के रवाईये को दर्शाया गया और इस बात को प्रदर्शित किया गया है कि माँ-बाप बच्चों के साथ रहना चाहते है लेकिन कुछ विशेष परिस्थितियों के कारण यह संम्भव नहीं हो पाता है जिसमेें एक मुख्य कारण आज की पीढ़ी के बच्चों के सहनशीलता कम होना और माँ-बाप की सलह का सम्मान न करना जिससे माँ-बाप अपने आप को असहज महसूस करते है।
• आज कल के बच्चे खुद कमाने लगते है इसलिए वह अपने माँ-बाप की सलहा को ज्यादा महत्व नहीं देते है और इसलिए माँ-बाप को लगता है कि बच्चे उन्हें महत्व नहीं देते जिससे वह अपने आप को दयनीय महसूस करने लगते है और यह अलगाव का कारण बनता है।
• गद्य़ांश में माँ-बाप के अनुभवयुक्त सलह को नजरअंदाज किया जाना तथा वाणी का असंयम आदि संतान से अलग रहने का मुख्य कारण बनता है।

उपरोक्त गद्यांश के भाव के अनुसार वे बच्चे अपने माता-पिता को वृद्धाश्रम में भेज देने की बात करते है जो बच्चे संस्कारहीन और अविवेकी है और जो अपने भविष्य को नहीं देख पाते है।

Key Points

• संस्कारहीन बच्चे ही अपने माँ-बाप को वृद्धाश्रम में छोड़ने की बात करते है उनका मानना है कि माँ-बाप वृद्धाश्रम में अपने उम्र के लोगों के साथ ज्यादा खुश रहेगे।
• ऐसी परिस्थितियां उन माँ-बाप के साथ ज्यादा उत्पन्न होती है जो वर्तमान समाज की रहन-सहन को नहीं समझते तथा अपनी सलह को बच्चों पर थोप देते है तथा बच्चों के द्वारा न मान��े पर वाणी का दुरप्रयोग करते है जो बच्चों द्वारा माँ-बाप को वृद्धाश्रम भेज देने का कारण बनता है।
• जो बच्चे अपने माँ-बाप के साथ असहज महसूस करते है वह अपने माँ-बाप को वृद्धाश्रम छोड़ आते है।

Given:

Number of candidates appeared qualified and selected in competitive exams from size districts over the years 2011 - 2015

Formula used:

Average = $\dfrac{sum \ of \ observation}{number \ of \ observation}$

Calculations:

A district average of selected candidates = $\dfrac{94 + 48 + 82 + 90 + 70}{5}$

=> $\dfrac{384}{5}$ = 76.8

B district average of selected candidates = $\dfrac{82 + 85 + 70 + 85 + 75}{5}$

=> $\dfrac{397}{5}$ = 79.4

C district average of selected candidates = $\dfrac{78 + 85 + 48 + 70 + 80}{5}$

=> $\dfrac{361}{5}$ = 72.2

D district average of selected candidates = $\dfrac{85 + 70 + 65 + 84 + 60}{5}$

=> $\dfrac{364}{5}$ = 72.8

E district average of selected candidates = $\dfrac{75 + 75 + 55 + 60 + 75}{5}$

=> $\dfrac{340}{5}$ = 68

So, E district having lowest average.

∴ The answer is E district.

Given:

Number of candidates appeared qualified and selected in competitive exams from size districts over the years 2011 - 2015

Calculations:

For C district in the year 2011 the percentage is = $\dfrac{78}{720}$ × 100 = 10.8

For C district in the year 2012 the percentage is = $\dfrac{85}{620}$ × 100 = 13.70

For C district in the year 2013 the percentage is = $\dfrac{48}{400}$ × 100 = 12

For C district in the year 2014 the percentage is = $\dfrac{70}{650}$ × 100 = 10.7

For C district in the year 2015 the percentage is = $\dfrac{80}{950}$ × 100 = 8.4

So, in the year 2012 the percentage is highest.

∴ The answer is 2012

Given:

Number of candidates appeared qualified and selected in competitive exams from size districts over the years 2011 - 2015

Calculations:

For D district in the year 2011 the percentage is = $\dfrac{680}{8200}$ × 100 = 8.29

For D district in the year 2012 the percentage is = $\dfrac{600}{6800}$ × 100 = 8.82

For D district in the year 2013 the percentage is = $\dfrac{525}{6500}$ × 100 = 8.07

For D district in the year 2014 the percentage is = $\dfrac{720}{7800}$ × 100 = 9.23

For D district in the year 2015 the percentage is = $\dfrac{485}{5700}$ × 100 = 8.50

So, in the year 2013 the percentage is lowest.

∴ The answer is 2013.

Given:

Number of candidates appeared qualified and selected in competitive exams from size districts over the years 2011 - 2015

Calculations:

In 2011, A district, $\dfrac{94}{8000}$ × 100 = 1.175

In 2011, B district, $\dfrac{82}{7800}$ × 100 = 1.05

In 2011, C district, $\dfrac{78}{7500}$ × 100 = 1.04

In 2011, D district, $\dfrac{85}{8200}$ × 100 = 1.03

In 2011, E district, $\dfrac{75}{6400}$ × 100 = 1.171

So, A district percentage is highest

∴ The answer is A district.

Given:

Number of candidates appeared qualified and selected in competitive exams from size districts over the years 2011 - 2015

Calculations:

Number of candidates selected from E district over the years = 75 + 75 + 55 + 60 + 75 = 340

Number of candidates selected from A district over the years = 94 + 48 + 82 + 90 + 70 = 384

Required percentage of candidates of E district over A district candidates = $\dfrac{340}{384}$ × 100

= 88.54%

∴ The answer is 88.54%.

Given:

Number of products sold by 5 companies in 5 different months

Calculation:

Total number of products sold by P and R in March = 180 + 115 = 295

Total number of products sold by P and R in April = 160 + 240 = 400

Ratio of the total number of products sold by company P and R in March to the total number of products sold by the same company in April = 295 : 400 = 59 : 80

∴ The answer is 59 : 80.

Given :

Number of products sold by 5 companies in 5 different months

Calculation :

Number of products sold by S in january = 85

Number of products sold by S in april = 140

Percentage of increase = $\dfrac{140 - 85}{85}\times 100 = \dfrac{55}{85}\times 100 = 64.71\%$ 

∴ The answer is 64.71 %  .

Given:

Products sold in different months by different companies

Calculation:

Total products sold by T in march, April and may = 120 + 165 + 165 = 450 

Total number of mild-steel products sold = $450\times\dfrac{32}{100} = 144$ 

∴ The answer is 144.

Given:

Number of products sold by 5 companies during 5 months

Calculation:

Number of products sold by P, S and T in February are 155, 110 and 90 respectively

Average number of products sold by company P, S and T in February = $\dfrac{155+110+90}{3} = \dfrac{355}{3} = 118.33$ ~ 118

∴ The answer is 118.

Given:

Products sold at different months by different companies

Calculation:

Total number of products sold by company Q in January and may together = 120 + 80 = 200

Total number of products sold by company R in January and may together = 155 + 130 = 285

Difference between Q and R in respective months = 285 - 200 = 85

∴ The answer is 85.

Given:

Pie chart of spending of different sectors of university

Calculation:

ratio of spending on research and events = 65 : 35 = 13 : 7

Percentage research according to events = $\dfrac{13}{7}\times 100 = 185.7\%$ ≈ 186%

So,  percent more is spent on Research than on Events = 186 - 100 = 86%

∴ The answer is 86%.

Given:

Different spending of An university in different sectors

Calculation:

Spending on hostel = Rs. 46

Total spending of university = 50 + 46 + 35 + 32 + 52 + 65 + 80 = 360

Percent ot total spending spent on Hostel = $\dfrac{46}{360}\times 100 = 12.777$ = 12.78%

∴ The answer is 12.78%.

Given:

Total amount spent on various sectors during the year be ₹1,80,00,000.

Calculation:

Amount spent on hostel = $\dfrac{46}{360}\times 18000000 = 46\times 50000$ = Rs. 2300000

Amount spent on infrastructure = $\dfrac{50}{360}\times 18000000 = 50\times 50000 = Rs.2500000$ 

Difference between the amount spent on Infrastructure and hostel = 2500000 - 2300000 = 200000

∴ The answer is Rs. 200000.

Given:

The spending of university on various sectors during a particular year.

Calculation:

Let Amount spent on Sports and Education be 52 and 80 respectively

Percentage of Sports as Education = $\dfrac{52}{80}\times 100 = 65\%$ 

So, Percentage less sports is from education = 100 - 65 = 35%

∴ The answer is 35%.

Given:

If the total amount spent by university during the year was 1.8 crores

Calculation:

Spending on Education & Research = 80 + 65 = 145

the amount spent on Education and Research together was : $\dfrac{145}{360}\times 18000000 = 7250000$ 

∴ The answer is 72,50,000.

Given:

The income of two companies A and B in 2005 were in ratio of 3 : 4

Formula used:

Income = Profit + Expenditure

Calculation :

Let the expenditures of A and B be X and Y.

Then, profits of A and B are 70% of X and 50% of Y or 0.7X and 0.5Y.

According to question,

$\dfrac{3}{4} =\dfrac{X+0.7X}{Y+0.5Y}$ or $3\times 1.5Y = 4\times 1.7X$ or $Y:X = 68:45$

∴ The answer is 45 : 68.

Given:

Profit percent of company A in 2005 = 50%

Profit percent of company B in 2005 = 70%

Formula used:

$Profit\% = \dfrac{Profit}{Expenditure}\times 100$

Calculation :

Let Income for both companies be 100x

$Profit\% = \dfrac{Income- {Expenditure}}{Expenditure}\times 100$

$Profit\% = [{\dfrac{Income}{Expenditure} - 1}]\times 100$

$70 = [{\dfrac{100x }{Expenditure} - 1}]\times 100$

Total expenditures of A = 100x/1.7

Similarly

Total expenditures of B = 100x/1.5

So, Ratio of expenditures of A & B = 100x/1.7 :100x/1.5 = 15 : 17

∴ The answer is 15 : 17.

Given:

Products sold by different companies in different years

Calculation:

Expenditure of company B in 2002 = Rs. 200 crores

Profit percent of B in 2002 = 30%

Income of B in 2002 = $200\times\dfrac{130}{100} = 260$

∴ The answer is Rs. 260.

Given:

Total income of the two companies in 2001 = Rs. 342 crores

Calculation:

Let the expenditure be 100x for A and B

Total income of both A and B = $(100x+45x)+(100x+40x) = 285x$

So, equating with original income we get,

285x = 342

x = $\dfrac{6}{5} = 1.2$

Now, original expenditure of both A and B = 200x = 200 x 1.2 = Rs. 240

Total profit of both companies = 342 - 240 = Rs. 102

∴ The answer is Rs. 102.

Given :

Expenditure of B in 2003 = Rs. 200 crores

Profit percent of B in 2003 = 55%

Profit percent of B in 2006 = 50%

Calculation :

Total income of B in 2003 = 200 + $200\times \dfrac{55}{100} =200 + 110$ =Rs. 310

Expenditure of B in 2006 = Rs. 310

Total income of B in 2003 = 310 + $310\times \dfrac{50}{100} =310+155$ = Rs. 465

∴ The answer is Rs. 465.

The correct answer is Aurangzeb.

Key Points

• The Mughal ruler Aurangzeb reimposed "Jaziya".​
• Aurangzeb:
• He defeated Dara at Dharmat, Samugarh, and Deorai, in which Samugarh was the decisive one and Deorai was the last one.
• After the victory, Aurangzeb was crowned at Delhi under the title Alamgir.
• He died on 3 March 1707 in Ahmadnagar.
• Guru Tegh Bahadur was killed at Aurangzeb’s 
  

command for refusing to accept the authority of the Mughal Emperor.

• Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj was the most powerful Maratha king and an arch-enemy of Aurangzeb.
• The Mughal conquests reached a climax during Aurangzeb’s reign as Bijapur and Golconda were annexed in 1686 AD and 1687 AD, respectively.
• Under him, the Mughal empire reached its greatest extent and the largest single-state ever known in India.
• He forbade the inscription of Kalma on the coins, also forbade sati and Jharokhadarshan.
• He ended the celebration of Navroz and, in 1679 AD, reimposed Jizya.

Additional Information

• Jahangir
• He was born to Maryam-uz-Zamani and Akbar on August 30, 1569.
• He was named Sultan Muhammad Salim after Shaikh Salim Chishti of Fatehpur Sikri.
• Akbar called him Sheik Babu.
• After his coronation, he assumed the title of Nur-ud-din Muhammad Jahangir Badshah Ghazi.
• Jahangir was the only surviving son of Akbar who after his father’s death ascended the throne in 1604, at the age of 34 years.
• Humayun
• Babur's son Humayun ascended the throne of India three days after Babur's death in 1530.
• Six months after his accession, Humayun besieged the fortress of Kalinjar in Bundelkhand.
• And gained a decisive victory over Afghans at Douhrua and drove out Mahmood Lodi and even defeated Bahadur Shah of Gujarat.
• Humayun forces were defeated by Afghan ruler Sher Shah Suri at Chausa near Buxar in June 1539.
• On May 17, 1540, the Mughals and the Afghans met again opposite Kannauj.
• His hopelessly demoralised army was defeated at the battle commonly known as the Battle of Kannauj.
• In February 1555, he captured Lahore, and after a few months captured also.

The correct answer is Railways.

Key Points

• The introduction of railways was considered as the most important contribution of British.
• The first passenger train ran in India on 16th April 1853 from Bombay to Thane.
• Railways in India were introduced during the rule of Lord Dalhousie.
• The main reason for starting railways in India is to transport goods from one place to another.
• The British rule has helped India in several technological developments since in history.
• The introduction of the railway system helped India in economical developments in India.
• It is important for a country to be developed in the following things such as technology, population, economical developments.
• The length of a normal Indian train is about 600-640 meters but the length of the first train was nearly 21 miles.

Additional Information

• The British had introduced a uniform system of administration throughout the country.
• Furthermore, introduction of the railways, telegraphs and unified postal system promoted mutual contact among the people.

The correct answer is Vishnu Sharma.

Key Points

• The Panchatantra means five books.
• It is possibly the oldest surviving collection of Indian fables.
• It has been written around 200BC by Pandit Vishnu Sharma, a Hindu scholar.
• Panchatantra was translated into other languages like Persian, Syrian, and  Arabic languages.

Additional Information

• Tulsidas
• He was the most important poet of the Rama Bhakti school.
• He wrote several books in Sanskrit and Awadhi.
  

He is the author of the epic Ramcharitmanas.

• The wave of the Bhakti movement spear-headed in the North by Ramananda may have influenced Tulsidas.
• His disciples were free to interpret Rama in any manner they liked so long as they felt drawn towards him as an object of worship and devotion.
• Valmiki
• He was the composer of the first Sanskrit poem known the world over as the epic Ramayana.
• He is called the Adikavi or First Poet - the Poet of Poets of India.
• He was born along the banks of the Ganges in ancient India to a sage by the name of Prachetasa.
• His birth name was Ratnakara.
• Ved Vyasa
• He is also known as Krishna Dvaipayana or Vyasa.
• He is a central and revered sage portrayed in most Hindu traditions.
• He is traditionally regarded as the author of the Mahabharata.
• He is also regarded by many Hindus as the compiler of a number of significant scriptures.

The correct answer is Dhamma-chakra-pravartana Mudra.

Key Points

• After enlightenment, Lord Buddha gave his first sermon to his five disciples in a deer park at Sarnath near Varanasi.
• This event of his life is known as "Dharmachakrapravartana".
• Thus Dharmachakra Mudra is the gesture of Buddha as depicted in his first sermon.

Additional Information

• Gautam Buddha
• He was a Shakya prince and was born in Lumbini, present-day Nepal.
• Buddha attained his enlightenment at Bodh Gaya after 49 days of deep meditation since then he was called the Buddha or the Enlightened one.
• He delivered his first sermon at Sarnath, near Varanasi.
• He attained Mahaparvanirvana at Kushinagar.
• Buddha taught Four Noble Truths:
• The world is full of suffering.
• The main cause of suffering is desire.
• To overcome the suffering one must give up desire.
• One will attain nirvana if desires are given up.
• Buddha suggested the Eightfold Path that would help people to attain Nirvana. It comprises of-right action, right determination, right exercise, right livelihood, right meditation, right memory, right observation, and right speech.
• The followers of Buddha formed Sangha and spread his teachings. Ashoka spread the teachings of Buddha to Sri Lanka and South-East Asia
• The Buddhist literature includes Jataka Tales and Tripitaka that were written in Pali.

The correct answer is Samudragupta.

Key Points

• Harisena was the court poet of Samudragupta, the most powerful of the Gupta rulers.
• He is known for the composition of the Prayag prashati (known as the Allahabad pillar inscription) in Sanskrit in the praise of Samudragupta.
• He was a 4th - century Sanskrit poet, panegyrist, and government minister.

Additional Information

• Samudragupta
• He was the first significant ruler of the Gupta Dynasty.
• Having come to the throne, he decided to extend the boundaries of his empire to cover the multiple kingdoms and republics that existed outside its pale.
• Known as the Napoleon of India for his conquests, he was also a man of many talents and laid a firm foundation for the empire.
• The rise of the Gupta Empire and the beginning of its prosperity are attributed to him, his military conquests, and his policies.
• Samudragupta court poet and minister Harisena composed the Allahabad pillar Inscription or Prayag Prasasti.
• The Pillar was an Asokan Pillar erected by Asoka six centuries before him.
• This Inscription is a eulogy of Samudragupta and mentions the conquests of Samudragupta and the boundaries of the Gupta Empire.
• As per this inscription, Samudragupta defeated 9 kings in the North, and 12 Kings in the South, reducing all the Atavika states to vassalage.
• Skandagupta
• Skandagupta was a Gupta Emperor of north India.
• Source: Bhitari pillar inscription
• He restored the Gupta power by defeating his rebels or foreign invaders.
• He repulsed an invasion by the Hunas.
• Kumargupta
• Kumargupta I was an emperor of the Gupta Empire of Ancient India.
• A son of the Gupta emperor Chandragupta II and queen Dhruvadevi, he seems to have maintained control of his inherited territory, which extended from Gujarat in the west to the Bengal region in the east.
• Kumargupta I founded Nalanda University.