UPSSSC PET Official Paper (Held on: 15 October 2022 Shift 1) (Previous Year Paper)

Given:

Persons who read newspaper X = 40 %.

Persons who read newspaper Y = 50 %.

Persons who read both = 10 %.

Solution:

we can understand this by following ven diagram:

Persons who read any type of newspaper:

⇒ (30 + 10 + 40)%

⇒ 80%

Then persons who don't read any type of newspaper:

⇒ (100 - 80) %

⇒ 20%

Hence the correct answer is "20%".

Given:

Average of 5 values = 46.

Average of first 4 values = 45.

Calculation:

Since the average of 5 results is 46.

Then the sum of 5 values is:

⇒ 5 × 46 = 230

Sum of first 4 values:

⇒ 4 × 45 = 180

Hence the fifth number is:

⇒ 230 - 180

⇒ 50

Hence the correct answer is "50".

Given:

\(\sqrt{29.8116}+\sqrt{77.44}=\)

⇒ \(\sqrt{29.8116}\) = 5.46 (by approximation)

⇒ \(\sqrt{77.44}\) = 8.8 (by approximation)

Solution:

\(\sqrt{29.8116}+\sqrt{77.44}\)

= 5.46 + 8.8

= 14.26

Hence the correct answer is "14.26".

Alternate MethodLets check how we can solve this:

55² = 3025

so 5.5² = 30.25

29.81 is slightly less than 30.25

So, √29.81 will be slightly less than 5.5

Now, 9² = 81

So, √77.44 will be less than 9

So, (less than 9) + (less than 5.5) will be equal to less than 14.5

Which means 14.62 can never be the answer

So the correct answer is 14.26

The correct answer is Cellulose.

Key Points

• The plant cell wall is made up of cellulose.
• Plant cell walls are primarily made of cellulose, which is the most abundant macromolecule on Earth.
• Cellulose fibres are long, linear polymers of hundreds of glucose molecules.
• These fibres aggregate into bundles of about 40, which are called microfibrils.
• The cell wall surrounds the plasma membrane of plant cells.
• It provides tensile strength and protection against mechanical and osmotic stress.
• It also allows cells to develop turgor pressure, which is the pressure of the cell contents against the cell wall.
• Plant cells have high concentrations of molecules dissolved in their cytoplasm, which causes water to come into the cell under normal conditions and makes the cell's central vacuole swell and press against the cell wall.

Additional Information

• Glucose is the most abundant monosaccharide, a subcategory of carbohydrates.
• It is the main type of sugar in the blood and is the major source of energy for the body's cells.
• Sucrose is a disaccharide.
• It is a sugar composed of glucose and fructose subunits.
• It is produced naturally in plants and is the main constituent of white sugar.
• Fructose is a monosaccharide.
• ​It is a ketonic simple sugar found in many plants, where it is often bonded to glucose to form the disaccharide sucrose.

Solution :

In these types of questions, we follow the following BODMAS rule :

So according to this :

(5.21 × 6.32) - 2.9272

= 32.9272 - 2.9272

= 30

∴ The correct answer is "30".

Shortcut Trick

Each numerator term is exactly 10 × its corresponding denominator term.

Ratio: 0.05 / 0.005 = 10, 0.41 / 0.041 = 10, 0.073 / 0.0073 = 10.

Since the terms are squared, the ratio of squares is 10² = 100.

Expression = 100 × [Sum of squares in Denominator] / [Sum of squares in Denominator].

Simplifying the fraction gives a final value of 100.

∴ The correct option is C.

Alternate Method

Given: Expression = [(0.05)² + (0.41)² + (0.073)²] / [(0.005)² + (0.041)² + (0.0073)²]

Formula Used: (k × a)² = k² × a²

⇒ 0.05 = 10 × 0.005 ⇒ 0.41 = 10 × 0.041 ⇒ 0.073 = 10 × 0.0073 ⇒ Numerator = (10 × 0.005)² + (10 × 0.041)² + (10 × 0.073)² ⇒ Numerator = 100 × [(0.005)² + (0.041)² + (0.0073)²] ⇒ Expression = {100 × [(0.005)² + (0.041)² + (0.073)²]} / [(0.005)² + (0.041)² + (0.0073)²] ⇒ Expression = 100

∴ The correct option is C.

Additional Information

Powers of Decimals

When a number is multiplied by 10ⁿ, the decimal point shifts n places to the right. Squaring such a number results in a multiplier of 10²ⁿ.

Algebraic Scaling

For any non-zero expression, (k²x + k²y + k²z) / (x + y + z) = k², provided the denominator sum is not zero.

Common Ratios in Fractions

If each corresponding term in the numerator and denominator has the same ratio r, then the ratio of their sums is also r.

सही विलोम-युग्म है - 'नूतन - पुरातन'

• नूतन - नवीन, नया, आधुनिक, हाल का, ताजा।
• पुरातन - प्राचीन, पुराना

Key Pointsनिषिद्ध:-

• अर्थ: जिसका निषेध किया गया हो, मना किया हुआ, वर्जित, अस्वीकृत किया हुआ।
• विलोम शब्द - 'विहित, आदिष्ट'
• अर्थ: विधि के अनुरूप होने वाला।

तुच्छ:-

• अर्थ: क्षुद्र, छोटा, सारहीन, मूल्यहीन, महत्वहीन।
• ​विलोम शब्द - 'महान'
• अर्थ: बहुत बड़ा, विशाल, श्रेष्ठ, उच्चकोटि का।

कर्कश:-

• अर्थ: कटु एवं अप्रिय बोलने वाला, खुरखुरा, खुरदरा, कठोर।
• ​विलोम शब्द - 'मधुर, मृदुल'
• अर्थ: मीठा, कटुता रहित, कर्णप्रिय वचन।

जोड़:-

• अर्थ: दो वस्तुओं का आपस में मिला होना, सटा होना, मेल, योग, मिलान।
• ​विलोम शब्द - ​'घटाव'
• अर्थ: कम होने की अवस्था, कमी।

'खयाली पुलाव पकाना' - मुहावरे का अर्थ है - 'असंभव बातों की कल्पना करना।'

• वाक्य प्रयोग - अरे भाई! "ख्याली पुलाव पकाने" से कुछ नहीं होगा, अगर टीम में जगह चाहिए तो रोज नेट प्रैक्टिस करनी पड़ेगी।

Mistake Points

Key Points 

• “मुहावरा” अरबी भाषा का शब्द है जिसका अर्थ होता है “आदि होना” या “अभ्यास होना” कुछ विद्वान इसे वाग्धारा भी कहते है।
• मुहावरा शब्द सामान्य अर्थ से अलग विशेष अर्थ को प्रकट करता है।
• मुहावरे पूर्ण रूप से स्वतंत्र नहीं होते इनका प्रयोग वाक्य सौंदर्य को बढ़ाने में किया जाता है।
• इसके प्रयोग मात्र से भाषा, आकर्षक, प्रभावपूर्ण और रोचक बन जाती है।​

Additional Informationकुछ अन्य महत्वपूर्ण मुहावरा, अर्थ और उनके वाक्य प्रयोग:- ​

• चेहरे पर हवाइयाँ उड़ना - अचानक डर जाना या घबरा जाना।

          वाक्य प्रयोग - मोहन का आज रिजल्ट आने वाला है यह सुनकर मोहन के "चेहरे की हवाई उड़ गई"।

• ईंट से ईंट बजाना - पूरी तरह से समाप्त कर देना

          वाक्य प्रयोग- यदि पकिस्तान भारत पर आक्रमण करने की कोशिश भी करेगा तो भारत की बहादुर सेना उनकी "ईंट से ईंट बजा देगी"।

• कान पर जूँ न रेंगना - किसी भी बात का असर न होना

           वाक्य प्रयोग - सीमा को कितना भी समझा लो पर उसकी "कान पर जूं तक नहीं रेंगती"।

• अंधे के हाथ बटेर लगना - अयोग्य को कोई महत्त्वपूर्ण वस्तु मिलना।

           वाक्य प्रयोग - अनपढ़ व्यक्ति की इस प्रकार अच्छे विभाग में बड़े पद पर नौकरी का लग जाना "अंधे के हाथ बटेर लगने" जैसा है।

• छक्के छुड़ाना - बुरी तरह हराना

          वाक्य प्रयोग - कुरुक्षेत्र के युद्ध में पांडवों ने कौरवों की सेना के "छक्के छुड़ा दिए थे"।

'महर्षि' शब्द का सही संधि विच्छेद है - 'महा + ऋषि'

• महा + ऋषि = महर्षि (आ + ऋ = अर्)
• महर्षि शब्द में गुण स्वर संधि है।
• महर्षि - बहुत बड़ा और श्रेष्ठ ऋषि

Key Pointsगुण संधि:- 

• जब संधि करते समय (अ, आ) के साथ (इ, ई) हो तो ‘ए‘ बनता है, जब (अ, आ) के साथ (उ, ऊ) हो तो ‘ओ‘ बनता है,
• जब (अ, आ) के साथ (ऋ) हो तो ‘अर्‘ बनता है तो यह गुण संधि कहलाती है।

उदाहरण-

• महा + ईश = महेश (आ + ई = ए)
• ज्ञान + उपदेश = ज्ञानोपदेश (अ + उ = ओ)
• देव + ऋषि = देवर्षि (अ + ऋ = अर्)

अवलंब-अविलम्ब : अधर - विलोकित... यह एक असुमेलित युग्म है।

• अवलंब - सहारा, भरोसा, शरण, पड़ाव।
• अविलम्ब - बिना विलंब के, तुरंत, शीघ्र, झटपट, फटाफट।

Mistake Points शब्द-युग्म का अर्थ-भेद सही है -

Key Points

• अनिल- पवन, वायु, समीर, वात, मरुत, पवमान ,बयार, हवा, बयार।
• अनल- आग, पावक, दहन, ज्वलन, धूमकेतु, कृशानु, हुताशन, वैश्वानर, शुचि, ज्वाला।
• अंश- हिस्सा, भाग, अवयव, खंड, टुकड़ा।
• अंस- भुजा, बाँह, कंधा।
• अपेक्षा - आशा, उम्मीद, अभिलाषा, आकांक्षा।
• उपेक्षा - तिरस्कार, अनादर, अवहेलना, अवज्ञा, अवमानना, निरादर।

Additional Informationकुछ अन्य महत्वपूर्ण शब्द-युग्म:-

• नीरज - कमल
• नीरद - बादल​
• मरीचि - किरण
• मरीची - सूर्य
• अवधि - काल, समय
• अवधी - अवध देश की भाषा
• गिरीश - हिमालय
• गिरिश - शिव
• वासना - कामना

बासना - सुगंधित करना

सभी शब्द परस्पर पर्यायवाची हैं: पार्वती, रुद्राणी, भवानी

• पार्वती के अन्य पर्यायवाची शब्द - अपर्णा, आर्या, उमा, गौरी, गिरिजा, शिवा, अम्बिका, सती।

Key Points

• राक्षस का पर्यायवाची - दानव, निशाचर
• आँख का पर्यायवाची - अंबक
• इच्छा का पर्यायवाची - मनोरथ, स्पृहा
• घर का पर्यायवाची - निलय
• खाली का पर्यायवाची - रीता, रिक्त
• कड़ुआ का पर्यायवाची - तिक्त

Additional Informationराक्षस:-

• निशाचर, दानव, रजनीचर, दनुज, यातुधान, देवारि, निशिचर, असुर, दैत्य।

आँख:-

• अंबक, नेत्र, दृग, नयन, लोचन, चक्षु, अक्षि, दृष्टि, विलोचन।

इच्छा:-

• मनोरथ,  स्पृहा,अभिलाषा, अभिप्राय, चाह, कामना, ईप्सा, लिप्सा , लालसा आकांक्षा।

घर:-

• निलय, गृह, निकेतन, भवन, आलय, निवास, गेह, सदन, आगार, आयतन, आवास, धाम।

खाली:-

• रीता, रिक्त, शून्य, खोखला, खोखा।

कड़ुआ:-

• तिक्त, तीता, जिसका स्वाद चिरायते या नीम जैसा हो।

Here the correct answer is No.

Key Points

• Let's look at the fourth line of the passage:-
• Her big brother Jack was never the outdoor type, so her dad took her out often.
• Thus, the correct answer is Option 1.

Here the correct answer is For baiting.

Key Points

• Let's look at these lines from the second paragraph of the passage:-
• Soon, it was time to collect squid for bait.
• Baiting means putting bait on (a hook) or in (a trap, net, or fishing area) to entice fish or animals.
• For Example - I used a hook baited with fat.
• Thus, the correct answer is Option 4.

Solution :

According to the given information :

We can see in the following Venn diagram that the woman was pointed by Nilesh is not any other woman but she is his wife.

Hence the correct answer is "wife".

Concept:

This series follows the pattern of a "Perfect cube root".

Solution:

8 = It is the perfect cube of 2.

27 = It is the perfect cube of 3.

64 = It is the perfect cube of 4.

100 = It is not a perfect cube of any number.

125 = It is the perfect cube of 5.

216 = It is the perfect cube of 6.

343 = It is the perfect cube of 7.

Hence, the correct answer is "100".

Given :

It was sunday on Jan. 1, 2006

Solution :

In an ordinary year, there are 365 days and the days shifts by 1 from previous year.

In a leap year, there are 366 days and the day shifts by 2 from the previous year.

Now,

Normal year odd days = (+1)

Leap year odd days = (+2)

Coming on Jan. 1, 2010 from Jan. 1, 2006                            

Hence the difference will be of 5 days .

So the day on Jan. 1, 2010 was "Friday".

Hence the correct answer is "Friday".

Mistake Points

2008 is a leap year and we increase one day generally from previous year but we have to increase 2 days in case of leap years.

The correct answer is 'Incomplete.'

Key Points 

• Let us see the meaning of Partial:
• Partial: not complete. (आंशिक)
• Let us see the meanings of the given options:
• Intact: complete; not damaged. (साबुत; क्षतिग्रस्‍त नहीं, सही-सलामत)
• Incomplete: having a part or parts missing. (अपूर्ण, अधूरा)
• Perfect: completely good; without faults or weaknesses. (पूर्णतः अच्‍छा, परिपूर्ण; दोषरहित)
• Unbroken: continuous; not interrupted. (सतत, निरंतर; अविच्छिन्‍न, अखंड)
• From the meanings of the given words, we can say that the synonym for the given word is "Incomplete."
• Hence, the correct answer is Option 2.

The correct answer is 'Safisfy.'

Key Points 

• Let us see the meaning of Disappoint:
• Disappoint: to make somebody sad because what he/she had hoped for has not happened or is less good, interesting, etc. then he/she had hoped. (आशा के अनुरूप श्रेष्ठ, रुचिकर आदि न होना, (किसी को) निराश करना, हताश करना)
• Let us see the meanings of the given options:
• Satisfy: to make somebody pleased by doing or giving him/her what he/she wants. (किसी को उसका अभीष्‍ट काम कर या वस्‍तु देकर प्रसन्‍न या संतुष्‍ट करना)
• Sale: the action of selling or being sold; the occasion when something is sold. (बिक्री, विक्रय (वस्‍तुओं को बेचना या वस्‍तुओं का बिकना); बिक्री का अवसर या आयोजन)
• Example: something such as an object, a fact or a situation which shows, explains or supports what you say. (उदाहरण, मिसाल)
• Meet: to come together by chance or because you have arranged it. (एक स्‍थान पर आना (संयोग से या योजनानुसार), मिलना)
• From the meanings of the given words, we can say that the antonym for the given word is "Satisfy."
• Hence, the correct answer is Option 1.

The correct answer is- 'Lexicography.'

Key Points

• Let us see the meanings of the given words:
• Lexicography: the theory or practice of writing dictionaries. (शब्दकोश लेखन का सिद्धांत या पेशा; कोश-निर्माण प्रक्रिया, कोश-निर्माण कला, कोशकारिता)
• Biography: the story of a person’s life written by somebody else. ((अन्‍य व्‍यक्ति द्वारा लिखित) किसी व्‍यक्ति का जीवनचरित; जीवनी)
• Philology: the branch of knowledge that deals with the structure, historical development, and relationships of a language or languages. (ज्ञान की वह शाखा जो किसी भाषा या भाषा की संरचना, ऐतिहासिक विकास और संबंधों से संबंधित है)
• Psychology: the scientific study of the mind and the way that people behave. (व्‍यक्तियों के मन और व्‍यवहार की रीति का वैज्ञानिक अध्ययन; मनोविज्ञान)
• Therefore, the practice of writing, editing and/or compiling dictionaries is called 'Lexicography​.'
• Option 1 is the correct answer.

The logic followed here is:

Similarly:

Hence, "TBGRFH" is the correct answer.

Solution:

By analysing the ven diagram we can comment on the conclusions :

Conclusions :

I. Some journals are books. → False (As, there is no direct relation  between journals and books. Hence we can not say that some journals are books or not)

II. Some calendars are papers. → False (As, there is no direct relation  between calendars and papers. Hence we can not say that some calendars are papers or not)

III. Some books are journals. → False (As, there is no direct relation  between books and journals. Hence we can not say that some books are journals or not)

IV. Some books are calendars. → False (As, there is no direct relation  between books and calendars. Hence we can not say that some books are calendars or not)

Here No conclusion follows.

Hence the correct answer is "None of these".

The correct answer is Kolkata.

Key Points

• In August 2022, India's first underwater metro was inaugurated in Kolkata.
• The East-West corridor project will be India's first underwater metro service.
• It is likely to be completed by June 2023
• Kolkata Metro Rail Corporation (KMRC) is the executing agency.
• The metro line will connect Salt Lake to Howrah via Kolkata with a stretch below the Hooghly river.
• It is currently operational between Sector V and Sealdah stations.
• Of the total 16.55 km length of the project, 9.30 km length between Sector V and Sealdah is operational.
• The remaining 7.25 km length is likely to be operational soon.

The correct answer is Israel.

Key Points

• Isreal's scientists have prepared the first synthetic embryos.
• ​A team of stem cell researchers in Israel was able to create the world’s first synthetic embryos from mice stem cells.
• It is a scientific feat that could hold the key to ending animal testing in medical research.
• It may possibly offer new solutions to healing people.
• The embryos created by the scientists at Rehovot’s Weizmann Institute of Science are “synthetic” because their creation didn’t involve an egg or sperm, or even a mouse’s uterus.
• The mouse stem cells - cells that can develop into any organ or tissue - were grown in an artificial womb for eight days.
• During that time, they developed a rudimentary brain, an intestinal tract, and a beating heart.
• After eight days - the equivalent of three months of pregnancy for a mouse - the embryo stopped growing.

The correct answer is Gujarat.

Key Points

• Prime Minister Narendra Modi has launched the IIBX (India International Bullion Exchange) in Gujarat. 
• It was launched at Gandhinagar’s GIFT city, an international financial services hub set up by the Gujarat government outside the State capital.
• It is pertinent to note that Bullion refers to physical gold and silver of high purity that is often kept in the form of bars, ingots, or coins.
• International Financial Services Centres Authority (IFSCA) is the regulator of IIBX.
• The International Bullion Exchange will be the Gateway for Bullion Imports into India, wherein all the bullion imports for domestic consumption shall be channelized through the exchange

Important Points

• IIBX will facilitate efficient price discovery with the assurance of responsible sourcing and quality, apart from giving impetus to the financialisation of gold in India.
• IIBX offers a diversified portfolio of products and technology services at a cost which is far more competitive than the Indian exchanges as well as other global exchanges.
• India's bullion market is one of the largest in the world, the second largest in terms of consumption and holds an important position globally,

The correct answer is China.

Key Points

• China conducted its largest-ever military exercises around Taiwan in August, 2022.
• ​The move was a result of US House Speaker Nancy Pelosi visiting Taiwan.
• China's navy, air force and other departments took part in the drill in six zones interspersed around Taiwan.
• China fired ballistic missiles and deployed fighter jets and warships around Taiwan.
• The drills involved a "conventional missile firepower assault" in waters to the east of Taiwan.
• The aim was to test the precision of the missiles and their ability to deny an enemy access to or control of an area.
• Chinese navy ships and military aircraft briefly crossed the median line dividing thee Taiwan Strait several times.

Additional Information

• It is pertinent to note that China consider Taiwan as a territory of China and Taiwan considers itself a democratic nation, independent of China.

The correct answer is Skylight.

Key Points

• The Indian Army had conducted a pan-India satellite communication exercise named Skylight in July, 2022. 
• The 'Skylight' exercise was conducted from 25 to 29 July, 2022.
• The exercise involved all kinds of satellite communication, from the Andaman and Nicobar Islands to Ladakh, where India and China have engaged in a military stand-off for the past two years.

Additional Information

• The objective of the exercise was to ensure operational readiness of hi-tech satellite systems and personnel manning these.
• In this exercise, 100 per cent of all satellite communication assets in the Indian Army were activated and various technical and operational scenarios in the space domain were played up.
• Various agencies responsible for space and ground segments, as also ISRO participated in the exercise.
• Presently, the Indian Army is utilising the services of a number of ISRO satellites, on which over hundreds of communication terminals of various types are connected.
• These include static terminals, transportable vehicle-mounted terminals, man-portable and small form factor man-pack terminals.

The correct answer is Mumbai to Ahmedabad.

Key Points

• First flight of “Akasa Air” had been inaugurated between Mumbai to Ahmedabad.
• Akasa Air is backed by investor Late Rakesh Jhunjhunwala and aviation veterans Aditya Ghosh and Vinay Dube.
• It got its air operator certificate from the Directorate General of Civil Aviation (DGCA) on July 7.
• Akasa Air commenced operations in India with its first flight taking off from Mumbai to Ahmedabad.
• The flight operations were inaugurated from the Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj International Airport in Mumbai via videoconferencing in the presence of Union Minister for Civil Aviation Jyotiraditya Scindia and MoS General Vijay Kumar Singh (Retd).
• In the inaugural phage, Akasa Air offered 28 weekly flights between Mumbai and Ahmedabad.
• Later,, it started operating an additional 28 weekly flights between Bengaluru and Kochi.

The correct answer is Ministry of Culture.

Key Points

• ‘Badhe Chalo’ campaign under Azadi ka Amrit Mahotsav has been launched by the Ministry of Culture.
• ​The objective was to connect with the youth of the nation, and to instil a deeper sense of patriotism among them.
• It was designed to involve the youth of the country encouraging them to come forward and imbibe the true spirit of our democracy and celebrate 75 years of India’s independence with youthful fervour.
• Badhe Chalo featured Flash Dances, where dancers performed on a specially created ‘Youth Anthem’.
• Flash dance took place across 75 cities, at prime location sall over India.
• The energetic foot-tapping anthem was specially written and composed on the theme of ‘Badhe Chalo’.

Important Points

• ‘Azadi Ka Amrit Mahotsav’ was an initiative of the Government to celebrate and commemorate 75 years of progressive India and the glorious history of its people, culture and achievements.
• The Ministry of Culture was responsible for promoting art and cultural heritage in India and it had taken many initiatives under the aegis of ‘Azadi Ka Amrit Mahotsav’.

The correct answer is U.A.E.

Key Points

• The nine neighbouring countries of India are –
• Afghanistan
• Bangladesh
• Bhutan
• China
• Maldives
• Myanmar
• Nepal
• Pakistan
• Sri Lanka

Additional Information

• India shares the longest border with Bangladesh.
• ​India and Bangladesh share a 4,096-kilometre-long border, making it the fifth-largest international border in the world.
• Bhutan is the smallest neighbouring country of India in terms of area.
• The UAE is bordered by Saudi Arabia to the west and south and by Oman to the east and northeast.

The correct answer is IIT Madras.

Key Points

• IIT Madras launched the 'Nilekani Centre at A14Bharat’ to advance Indian language technology.
• AI4Bharat is an interdisciplinary team of researchers, language experts, and software developers.
• It is to promote the state of Indian language technology with the intention to create a societal impact.
• This Centre is being supported by Rohini and Nandan Nilekani with a grant of Rs 36 crore through Nilekani Philanthropies.
• At the centre, the focus will be to conduct foundational work which can benefit society at large.
• The researched data will be available for start-ups and other industries working on Indian language technology.
• The data would include datasets, tools, and pre-trained models being developed at the Centre.
• The idea is to energise the ecosystem to do more for Indian languages

The correct answer is Amit Shah.

Key Points

• A National Conference on Drug Trafficking and National Security were held at Chandigarh under the chairmanship of Sh. Amit Shah.
• Two modules from classes 6 to 8 and class 9 to 11 of Navchetna (A New Consciousness on Life Skills and Drug Education for School Children) were launched by all dignitaries present.
• it is basically a teacher training module and will increase awareness and education on life skills and drugs among students in schools in India.
• The training materials is being translated into 12 regional languages of India.
• As a teacher support aid, each module will be available as a video to be uploaded on the DIKSHA portal (Digital educational platform of the Ministry of Education).
• The Ministry has set a target to generate awareness among 10 lakh Teachers and 2.4 crore Students through Navchetna Modules in a year.

Additional Information

• Shri Amit Shah- Union Minister at the Ministry of Home Affairs and Ministry of Cooperation
• Smt. Smriti Irani- Union Minister at the Ministry of Women and Child Development and Ministry of Minority Affairs
• Shri Anurag Singh Thakur- Union Minister at the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting and Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports
• Sh. Narendra Modi is the Prime Minister of India and looks over-
• Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions
• Department of Atomic Energy
• Department of Space

The correct answer is Goa.

Key Points

• Goa became the first 'Har Ghar Jal' certified state in India.
• ​Goa and Dadra & Nagar Haveli and Daman & Diu (D&NH and D&D) become the first ‘Har Ghar Jal’ certified State and UT in the country respectively.
• It means people from all the villages have declared their village as ‘Har Ghar Jal’ through a resolution passed by Gram Sabha.
• It certifies that all households in the villages have access to safe drinking water through taps, ensuring that ‘No One is Left Out’.
• All 2.63 lakh rural households of Goa & 85,156 of Dadra & Nagar Haveli and Daman & Diu have access to potable water through tap connection.
• Village Water and Sanitation Committee (VWSC) or paani samiti has been constituted in all the 378 villages of Goa and 96 villages of D&NH and D&D.
• This committee is responsible for the operation, maintenance and repair of water supply infrastructure developed under ‘Har Ghar Jal’ programme.

Important Points

• Jal Jeevan Mission is a flagship programme of Government of India which was announced from the ramparts of Red Fort by PM Modi on August 15, 2019.
• The mission aims to make provision of potable tap water supply in adequate quantity, of prescribed quality and on regular & long-term basis to every rural household of the country by 2024.
• The program is implemented by Government of India in partnership with States/UTs.

The correct answer is 22 May.

Key Points

• The International Day for Biological Diversity is celebrated on 22 May.
• The United Nations has proclaimed May 22 The International Day for Biological Diversity (IDB) to increase understanding and awareness of biodiversity issues.
• Theme 2022: Building a shared future for all life.
• It was chosen to continue building momentum and support for the post-2020 global biodiversity framework to be adopted at the upcoming UN Biodiversity Conference #COP15.
• The International Day for Biological Diversity falls within the scope of the UN Post-2015 Development Agenda's Sustainable Development Goals.

Additional Information

• From its creation by the Second Committee of the UN General Assembly in 1993 until 2000, it was held on December 29 to celebrate the day the Convention on Biological Diversity went into effect.
• On December 20, 2000, the date was shifted to commemorate the adoption of the Convention on May 22, 1992, at the Rio de Janeiro Earth Summit

The correct answer is Majuli Island.

Key Points

• Majuli Island is the largest river island in the world.
• The Guinness Book of World Records has named Majuli as the world's largest river island.
• According to Guinness World Records, the island lost around one-third of its area in the last 30-40 years due to frequent flooding of the river.
• It is located on the River Brahmaputra in Assam.
• It is formed by the Brahmaputra River in the South, and Kherkutia Xuti, an anabranch of Brahmaputra, joined by the Subansiri River in the north.
• The island is populated by the Mising, Deori, and Sonowal Kachri tribes.
• The people of the island speak the languages of Mising, Assamese, and Deori.
• It covers about 880 sq km of land.

Additional Information

• Manpura Island
• It is an island in the northern Bay of Bengal, Bangladesh.
• It is at the mouth of the Meghna river.
• It consists of Manpura Upazila, Bhola District.
• Srirangam Island
• It is a river island in the city of Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu.
• The island is formed by the Kaveri and Kollidam Rivers.
• Al Lulu Island
• It is a 1,050-acre man-made island off the coast of Abu Dhabi island.
• It stretches from the Abu Dhabi Breakwater to Mina Zayed.
• It is only accessed by private boat.

The correct answer is Hungarian Forint.

Key Points

• Hungarian Forint is the national currency of Hungary.
• Hungary
• ​It is a landlocked country in Central Europe.
• The foundation of the Hungarian state was established in the late 9^th century AD with the conquest of the Carpathian Basin by the Hungarian grand prince Árpád.
• It is a high-income economy with a very high human development index.
• It is a member of numerous international organisations, including the Council of Europe, NATO, United Nations, World Health Organization, World Trade Organization, World Bank.
• Budapest is the country's capital and largest city.
• President: Katalin Novák

The correct answer is Andhra Pradesh.

Key Points

• Andhra Pradesh is the first state in India formed after independence on the basis of language.
• It was created in 1953.
• It was created out of the Telugu-speaking northern parts of Madras State.
• The congress in its Jaipur session appointed a three-member committee also popularly known as the JVP committee after the name of its leaders – Jawaharlal Nehru, Vallabh Bhai Patel, and Pattabhai Sitaramaya.
• The committee rejected language as the basis of the reorganization of states.
• Potti Sreeramulu, one of the activists demanding the formation of a Telugu-majority state, died on 16 December 1952 after undertaking a fast-unto-death.
• This resulted in the creation of the first state on a linguistic basis for Telugu-speaking people called Andhra State on October 1, 1953.
• It was later renamed Andhra Pradesh.

The correct answer is 25 years.

Key Points

• 25 years is the minimum age for holding office in the Lok Sabha.
• ​Article 84 (b) of the Constitution of India provides the minimum age for becoming a candidate for the Lok Sabha election.
• The person should not be a proclaimed criminal and his/her name should be in the electoral rolls of the country.
• The term of the members of Lok Sabha is a maximum of 5 years.
• The members of the Lok Sabha are directly elected by the citizens of India by the law of universal suffrage that means each and every person above the age of 18 years has the right to vote for the suitable candidate.
• Any additional qualifications shall be prescribed by Parliament by law.

Additional Information

• The Parliament of India consists of three parts viz, the President, the Council of States and the House of the People.
• Articles 79 to 122 in Part V of the Constitution deal with the organization, composition, duration, officers, procedures, privileges, powers and so on of the Parliament.
• In Rajya Sabha, the minimum age for holding office is 30 years.

The correct answer is United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change.

Key Points

• UNFCCC-United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change.
• It is an intergovernmental treaty developed to address the problem of climate change.
• The UNFCCC entered into force on 21 March 1994.
• Preventing “dangerous” human interference with the climate system is the ultimate aim of the UNFCCC.
• The Convention has near universal membership (198 Parties) and is the parent treaty of the 2015 Paris Agreement.
• The main aim of the Paris Agreement is to keep the global average temperature rise this century as close as possible to 1.5 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels.
• The UNFCCC is also the parent treaty of the 1997 Kyoto Protocol.
• The ultimate objective of all three agreements under the UNFCCC is to stabilize greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that will prevent dangerous human interference with the climate system.
• Parties (members) also submit aggregate progress on mitigation, adaptation, and means of implementation, which are reviewed every five years through a Global Stocktake.
• At the head of the secretariat is the Executive Secretary, a position held by Simon Stiell since August 2022.

The correct answer is Uttar Pradesh.

Key Points

• Nautanki is a folk dance of Uttar Pradesh.
• It is a folk operatic theatre form.
• It implies acting with and through singing.
• ​The performing arts contain rich and humorous musical compositions with entertaining storylines.
• The atmosphere is informal and interactive.
• A characteristic of Nautanki is that it is always been an open and secular dramatic form.
• Nagada is a single-faced kettledrum, which in fact announces a Nautanki performance in a village area.
• Sometimes the sarangi and harmonium are also used for generating music and the dholak also provides the additional rhythm.
• An important element of Nautanki is satire and also used for the same purpose.
• Many times the Nautanki artists are from those families, who have been in this profession for generations.
• Earlier the female roles were enacted by male actors but the 1930s entry of women changed the scenario completely.

Important Points

• Other folk dance of Uttar Pradesh are Raslila, Kajri, Jhora, Chappeli, Jaita.
• Folk dance of Kerala- Theyyam, Thiruvathira Kali, Chakyar Koothu Koodiyattam, and Ottamthullal.
• Folk dance of Karnataka- Dollu Kunitha and Yakshagana
• Folk dance of Andhra Pradesh- Kuchipudi, Veeranatyam, Burra Katha

The correct answer is Switzerland.

Key Points

• The headquarters of the International Olympic Committee is in Lausanne, Switzerland.
• The IOC headquarters have been in Lausanne, on the shores of Lake Geneva, since 1915.
• It was Pierre de Coubertin who chose this city.

Additional Information

• International Olympic Committee
• ​The International Olympic Committee is the guardian of the Olympic Games and the leader of the Olympic Movement.
• It is committed to promoting sports in society, strengthening the integrity of sports and supporting clean athletes and other sports organisations.
• The IOC organizes the modern Olympic Games and Youth Olympic Games (YOG), held in summer and winter, every four years.
• The current president of the IOC is Thomas Bach.​
• The three values of Olympism are excellence, friendship and respect.
• They constitute the foundation on which the Olympic Movement builds its activities to promote sport, culture and education with a view to building a better world.

The correct answer is Swami Vivekananda.

Key Points

• Swami Vivekananda wrote the famous book 'Powers of the Mind'.
• It was published by Advaita Ashrama, a publication centre of Ramakrishna Math, Belur Math, India.
• It comprises talks delivered by Swami Vivekananda.
• Swami Vivekananda
• ​He was born as Narendranath Datta.
• He was an Indian Hindu monk, philosopher, author, religious teacher, and the chief disciple of the Indian mystic Ramakrishna.
• He was a key figure in the introduction of Vedanta and Yoga to the Western world.
• He became a popular figure after the 1893 Parliament of Religions in Chicago, where he began his famous speech with the words, "Sisters and brothers of America...," before introducing Hinduism to Americans.
• He founded the Vedanta Society of New York and the Vedanta Society of San Francisco (now Vedanta Society of Northern California).

Additional Information

• Mahatma Gandhi
• ​He employed nonviolent resistance to lead the successful campaign for India's independence from British rule.
• His first satyagraha was Champaran Satyagraha in 1917.
• He was known as the father of the Nation, because of his contributions to the Indian Independence Movement.
• Khilafat movement, Non-cooperation movement, the Salt March, and quit India movement are the most popular movements of Mahatma Gandhi initiated during the fighting for freedom.
• Gulzar
• ​He is an Indian poet, lyricist, author, screenwriter, and film director known for his works in Hindi cinema.
• Rabindranạth Tagore
• ​He was a poet, writer, playwright, composer, philosopher, social reformer and painter.
• He is also known as Gurudev. (Given by M. Gandhi)
• He was the first Indian (First in Asia) to win the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1913 for Gitanjali.
• He was awarded the title of knighthood by the Britishers (King George V) which he returned due to Jallianwala Bagh Massacre in 1919.

साहित्य अपने दायित्व का निर्वाह दुष्प्रभावों को सामने लाकर पूरा करता है।

• अनुच्छेद के अनुसार:-
• ​साहित्य समाज का दर्पण है - इससे अभिप्राय यही है कि साहित्य समाज का न केवल चित्र प्रस्तुत करता है, अपितु समाज के प्रति वह अपना दायित्व निर्वाह भी करता है।
• समाज में फैली अनैतिकता, अराजकता, निरंकुशता जैसे अवांछनीय तत्त्वों के दुष्प्रभावों को साहित्य बड़े ही मर्मस्पर्शी रूप में हमारे समक्ष लाता है।

Key Points

• दुष्प्रभाव - बुरा प्रभाव, कुप्रभाव, बुरा असर।

Additional Informationदर्पण:-

• अर्थ: कलई किया हुआ एक शीशा जिसमें प्रतिबिंब दिखाई देता है, आईना, आरसी।

माध्यम:-

• अर्थ: साधन, ज़रिया, (मीडियम), आधार, मध्यम का; बीचवाला।

इतिहास:-

• अर्थ: ​व्यक्ति, समाज, देश की महत्त्वपूर्ण, विशिष्ट एवं सार्वजनिक क्षेत्र की घटनाओं का
• कालक्रम से लिखा हुआ विवरण, तथ्यों घटनाओं का काल क्रमानुसार विवेचन।

साहित्यकार समाज के प्रति अपने उद्देश्य को - साहित्यकार समाज में अपनी कृतियों द्वारा आशा का संचार करता है और उत्साह एवं कर्तव्यवाद का संदेश देता है।

• अनुच्छेद के अनुसार:-
• कवि या साहित्यकार समाज की विसंगतियों या विडंबनाओं पर प्रहार नहीं करता और उसे अपेक्षित दिशा बोध देने के लिए भी प्रयत्नशील नहीं रहता।
• समाज के प्रति साहित्यकार का दायित्व आशा का संचार करना, उत्साह व कर्तव्यबोध को दिशा देना आदि है।
• प्राचीन काल से लेकर आज तक के साहित्यकारों की यही गौरवशाली परंपरा रही है।

Key Points

• साहित्यकार - साहित्य की रचना करनेवाला।
• संचार - किसी विशेष परिपथ में चलने की क्रिया।
• उत्साह - उमंग, जोश, हौसला, जोश-खरोश, उबाल, उछाह।
• कर्तव्यवाद - कर्म में विश्वास रखनेवाला या कर्म को प्रधान माननेवाला

Additional Informationसमाज:- 

• अर्थ: समुदाय, दल, समूह, गिरोह, संघ, सभा।

सुखद:-

• अर्थ: जो सुख देने वाला हो।

मार्ग:-

• रास्ता, पथ, सड़क, राह।

साहित्य हमें पुरानी पीढ़ियों की जानकारी देता है - राष्ट्र का इतिहास, गरिमा, संस्कृति-सभ्यता, पूर्वजों के विचार, अनुसंधान आदि तत्कालीन साहित्य द्वारा ही जाने जा सकते हैं।

• अनुच्छेद के अनुसार:-
• ​साहित्य हमारी कौतूहल एवं जिज्ञासा वृत्तियों और ज्ञान की पिपासा को तृप्त करता है।
• साहित्य से ही किसी राष्ट्र का इतिहास, गरिमा, संस्कृति और सभ्यता, वहाँ के पूर्वजों के विचारों एवं अनुसंधानों,
• प्राचीन रीति-रिवाजों, रहन-सहन और परंपराओं आदि की जानकारी प्राप्त होती है।
• किस काल में देश के किस भाग में कौन सी भाषा बोली जाती थी,

Key Points

• गरिमा - महिमा, गुरुत्त्व, भारीपन, महत्व, गौरव।
• अनुसंधान - शोध, अन्वेषण, खोज, तलाश, अविष्कार।
• तत्कालीन - उस समय या उसी समय का।

Additional Informationदर्पण:-

• अर्थ: कलई किया हुआ एक शीशा जिसमें प्रतिबिंब दिखाई देता है, आईना, आरसी।

समाज:- 

• अर्थ: समुदाय, दल, समूह, गिरोह, संघ, सभा।

अनैतिकता:-

• अर्थ: अनैतिक होने की अवस्था या भाव, मर्यादाहीनता।

अराजकता:-

• अर्थ: समाज में विधि, शासन या व्यवस्था न रह जाने की स्थिति।

निरंकुशता:-

• अर्थ: निरंकुश होने की अवस्था, मनमाना आचरण, तानाशाही।

अवांछनीय:-

• अर्थ: जो इच्छा करने योग्य न हो।

दुष्प्रभाव:-

• अर्थ: बुरा प्रभाव, कुप्रभाव, बुरा असर।

साहित्य केवल समाज का दर्पण नहीं है - क्योंकि साहित्य द्वारा समाज की विडंबनाओं और विसंगतियों पर प्रहार करके उनमें सुधार लाने की कोशिश की जाती है।

• अनुच्छेद के अनुसार:-
• ​यह भी सही है कि यदि साहित्य वास्तव में केवल समाज का दर्पण होता,
• तो कवि या साहित्यकार समाज की विसंगतियों या विडंबनाओं पर प्रहार नहीं करता और उसे अपेक्षित दिशा बोध देने के लिए भी प्रयत्नशील नहीं रहता।
• समाज के प्रति साहित्यकार का दायित्व आशा का संचार करना, उत्साह व कर्तव्यबोध को दिशा देना आदि है ।

Key Points

• स���ाज - समुदाय, दल, समूह, गिरोह, संघ, सभा।
• विडंबना - किसी को चिढ़ाने या तुच्छ ठहराने के लिए की जाने वाली नकल।
• विसंगति - असंगत होने की अवस्था या भाव।
• प्रहार - आघात, वार, ऐसी चोट या वार जिसकी वेदना असहृय हो।

Additional Informationअंधविश्वास:-

• अर्थ: बिना किसी आधार के किसी बात पर विश्वास करने वाला।

दूषण:-

• जिसमें कोई दोष या कमी न हो, निर्दोष।

अनैतिकता:-

• अर्थ: अनैतिक होने की अवस्था या भाव, मर्यादाहीनता।

अराजकता:-

• अर्थ: समाज में विधि, शासन या व्यवस्था न रह जाने की स्थिति।

निरंकुशता:-

• अर्थ: निरंकुश होने की अवस्था, मनमाना आचरण, तानाशाही।

अवांछनीय:-

• अर्थ: जो इच्छा करने योग्य न हो।

दुष्प्रभाव:-

• अर्थ: बुरा प्रभाव, कुप्रभाव, बुरा असर।

प्रस्तुत गद्यांश का सर्वाधिक उचित शीर्षक हो सकता है - 'साहित्य और समाज'

• अनुच्छेद के अनुसार:-
• लेखक ने 'साहित्य और समाज' के बीच सम्बन्धों तथा उसके महत्त्व का वर्णन किया है।

Key Pointsसाहित्य:- 

• अर्थ: किसी एक स्थान पर एकत्र किए हुए लिखित उपदेश, लिपिबद्ध विचार या ज्ञान।

समाज:- 

• अर्थ: समूह, संघ, गरोह, दल, सभा, गोष्ठी, मंडली।

'चिरस्थाई' शब्द का विलोम शब्द प्रयुक्त हुआ है - 'क्षणभंगुर' 

• चिरस्थाई - लंबे समय तक रहने वाला, शाश्वत, टिकाऊ।
• क्षणभंगुर - कुछ ही पलों में नष्ट हो जानेवाला, क्षणिक, अस्थिर, अस्थायी।
• निमित्त - वह कार्य या बात जो किसी दूसरे कार्य या बात का साधन हो।
• श्रद्धा - आदरपूर्ण आस्था या विश्वास।
• विलोम शब्द - 'घृणा'

Key Points

• किसी शब्द का विलोम शब्द उस शब्द के अर्थ से उल्टा या विपरीत अर्थ वाला होता है।

Additional Informationकुछ अन्य महत्वपूर्ण विलोम शब्द:-

• शब्द - विलोम
• स्वाधीन - पराधीन
• आहार - निराहार
• खेद - प्रसन्नता
• प्रत्यक्ष - परोक्ष
• सजीव - निर्जीव
• सुगंध - दुर्गन्ध
• मौखिक - लिखित
• स��क्षेप - विस्तार
• मितव्यय - अपव्यय

सत्य की तलाश श्रद्धापूर्वक अंतःविद्यमान सत्य के मार्ग पर आगे बढ़ते हुए इस सत्य का साक्षात्कार करें।

• अनुच्छेद के अनुसार:-​
• नट जिस डोर पर सावधानी से नजर रख कर चल सकता है, सत्य और अहिंसा की डोर उससे भी पतली है । ज़रा चूके कि नीचे गिरे ।
• पल-पल साधना से ही उसके दर्शन होते हैं । लेकिन सत्य के सम्पूर्ण दर्शन तों इस देह से असंभव है ।
• उसकी केवल कल्पना ही की जा सकती है (क्षणभंगुर) देह द्वारा शाश्वत धर्म का साक्षात्कार सम्भव नहीं होता।
• अर्थात सत्य की तलाश श्रद्धापूर्वक अंतःविद्यमान सत्य के मार्ग पर आगे बढ़ते हुए इस सत्य का साक्षात्कार करें।

Key Points

• श्रद्धापूर्वक - वह जो कुछ चढ़ाया (श्रद्धापूर्वक देवी-देवता को भेंट किया) गया हो।
• साक्षात्कार - आँखों के सामने उपस्थित होना, सामने आना, भेंट, मुलाकात।

Additional Informationसुमिरन:-

• अर्थ: अच्छे अर्थों में किसी का स्मरण, ईश्वर का ध्यान।

जिज्ञासु को सत्य व अहिंसा के पथ पर चलते समय संकटों का सामना - संकटों को सहते हुए निमित्त नाश किये बिना आगे बढ़ना चाहिए।

• अनुच्छेद के अनुसार:-
• अतः अंत में श्रद्धा के उपयोग की आवश्यकता तो रह ही जाती है। इसी से अहिंसा जिज्ञासु के पल्ले पड़ी।
• ​जिज्ञासु के सामने यह सवाल पैदा हुआ कि अपने मार्ग में आने वाले संकटों को सहे या उसके निमित्�� जो नाश करना पड़े, वह करता जाए और आगे बढ़े।
• उसने देखा कि नाश करते चलने पर वह आगे नहीं बढ़ता, दर-का-दर पर ही रह जाता है।

Key Points

• निमित्त - वह कार्य या बात जो किसी दूसरे कार्य या बात का साधन हो।

Additional Informationसत्य:-

• अर्थ: सच, यथार्थ, शुद्धता ,ठीक ,असली, वास्तविक।
• ​विलोम शब्द - 'असत्य'
• अर्थ: मिथ्या, झूठ, गलत।

अहिंसा:- 

• अर्थ: मन, वचन, कर्म से किसी को दुःख न देना।
• ​विलोम शब्द - 'हिंसा'

मार्ग:-

• अर्थ: रास्ता, पथ, सड़क, राह।

सत्य और अहिंसा के मार्ग को 'असि की धार पर चलने के समान' बताया गया है - क्योंकि सत्य और अहिंसा का मार्ग जितना सीधा है उतना ही तंग है और इस मार्ग पर चलना अत्यंत कठिन है।

• अनुच्छेद के अनुसार:-
• ​यह सत्य रूपी परमेश्वर मेरे लिए रत्न-चिन्तामणि सिद्ध हुआ है ।
• हम सभी के लिए वैसा ही सिद्ध हो । सत्य और अहिंसा का मार्ग जितना सीधा है उतना ही तंग भी, “असि की धार पर चलने के समान” है ।
• नट जिस डोर पर सावधानी से नजर रख कर चल सकता है, सत्य और अहिंसा की डोर उससे भी पतली है ।

Key Points

• सत्य - सच, यथार्थ, शुद्धता ,ठीक ,असली, वास्तविक।
• ​विलोम शब्द - 'असत्य'
• अहिंसा - मन, वचन, कर्म से किसी को दुःख न देना।
• ​विलोम शब्द - **'**हिंसा'

Additional Informationअसि:-

• अर्थ: तलवार, करवाल, कृपाण, खडग, शायक, चंद्रहास, भुजाली।

मार्ग:-

• अर्थ: रास्ता, पथ, सड़क, राह।

तंग:-

• अर्थ: जिसमें उचित व आवश्यक विस्तार का अभाव हो।

हरि:-

• अर्थ: विष्णु, ईश्वर, भगवान, सिंह।

सत्यरूपी परमेश्वर की रत्न-चिंतामणि को प्राप्त करने के लिए हम सत्य की आराधना करें, हरि के मार्ग पर चलें, अन्तर्निहित सत्य का साक्षात्कार करें। ये सभी उपायों की जरुरत है ..

• अनुच्छेद के अनुसार:-
• ​यह सत्य रूपी परमेश्वर मेरे लिए रत्न-चिन्तामणि सिद्ध हुआ है । हम सभी के लिए वैसा ही सिद्ध हो।
• सत्य और अहिंसा का मार्ग जितना सीधा है उतना ही तंग भी, “असि की धार पर चलने के समान” है।
• नट जिस डोर पर सावधानी से नजर रख कर चल सकता है, सत्य और अहिंसा की डोर उससे भी पतली है।
• अर्थात सत्यरूपी परमेश्वर की रत्न-चिंतामणि को प्राप्त करने के लिए हमे अपने अन्तर्निहित सत्य का साक्षात्कार करना चाहिए।

Key Points

• अन्तर्निहित - अंदर छिपा हुआ, समाहित।
• साक्षात्कार - आँखों के सामने उपस्थित होना, सामने आना, भेंट, मुलाकात।

Additional Informationआराधना:-

• अर्थ: पूजा, सेवा, उपासना।

सत्य:-

• अर्थ: सच, यथार्थ, शुद्धता ,ठीक ,असली, वास्तविक।
• ​विलोम शब्द - 'असत्य'

​असि:-

• अर्थ: तलवार, करवाल, कृपाण, खडग, शायक, चंद्रहास, भुजाली।

मार्ग:-

• अर्थ: रास्ता, पथ, सड़क, राह।

हरि:-

• अर्थ: विष्णु, ईश्वर, भगवान, सिंह।

Formula used:

Average = Sum of all values/Number of values.

Solution:

Total interest on Loans:

⇒ 13.4 + 22.5 + 31.6 + 26.4 + 39.4

⇒ 133.33 Lakhs

Average = 133.33/5

⇒ 26.66 Lakhs

Hence the correct answer is "26.66 Lakhs".

Calculation:

The total amount of Bonus:

= 2 + 1.52 + 2.84 + 2.68 + 2.96

= 12 Lakhs

Total salary:

= 300 + 340 + 524 + 340 + 450

= 1954 Lakhs

Now required percentage

= 12/1954 × 100

= 0.614%

⇒ 0.6%

Hence the correct answer is "0.6%".

Calculation:

Total expenditure in 2011:

= 300 + 100 + 2 + 13.4 + 85

= 500.4 Lakhs

Total expenditure in 2015:

= 450 + 152 + 2.96 + 39.4 + 88

= 732.3 Lakhs

Now required percentage

= 500.4/732.3 × 100

= 5004/7323 × 100

= 68.33%

Hence the correct answer is "68.33%".

Calculation:

Total expenditure on Taxes:

= 85 + 110 + 75 + 78 + 88

= 436 Lakhs

Now Total expenditure on Fuel & Transport:

= 100 + 112 + 105 + 135 + 152

= 604 Lakhs

Now the required ratio:

= 436 : 604

= 109 : 151 (on dividing by 4)

Hence the correct answer is "109 : 151"

Calculation:

Total expenditure of the company during the year 2013:

= 524 + 105 + 2.84 + 31.6 + 75

= 738.44 Lakhs

Hence the correct answer is "738.44 Lakhs".

Formula used:

Speed = Distance/Time.

The average speed of 10 days = (Mileage × Fuel used per day × 10 days)/Time taken.

Calculation:

The average speed of Alto:

= (25 × 10 × 10)/50

= 50 Km/Hr

The average speed of Tiago:

= (30 × 12 × 10)/50

= 72 Km/Hr

Now required ratio:

= 50 : 72

= 25 : 36

Hence the correct answer is "25 : 36".

Formula used:

Speed = Distance/Time.

The average speed of 10 days = (Mileage × Fuel used per day × 10 days)/Time taken.

Calculation:

The average speed of Alto:

= (25 × 10 × 10)/50

= 50 Km/Hr

The average speed of Kwid:

= (25 × 20 × 10)/100

= 50 Km/Hr

So, the speed of both cars is the same.

So, the difference in time taken by Alto and Kwid to reach their destination after meeting each other will be Zero.

Hence, the correct answer is "0 hour".

Formula used:

Speed = Distance/Time.

The average speed of 10 days = (Mileage × Fuel used per day × 10 days)/Time taken.

Calculation:

The average speed of Mini in 10 days:

= (20 × 25 × 10)/80

= 125/2 Km/Hr

Now, the time taken by Mini car to cover the distance of 875 Km:

⇒ (875/125) × 2

⇒  14 Hour

The average speed of Swift in 10 days:

= (22 × 10 × 10)/55

= 40 Km/Hr

Now, the time taken by Swift car to cover the distance of 990 Km:

⇒ 990/40

⇒ 99/4 Hour

Now the required ratio:

⇒ 14 : 99/4

⇒ 56 : 99

Hence the correct answer is "56 :99".

Formula used:

Speed = Distance/Time.

Total distance covered in 10 days = Mileage × Fuel used per day × 10 days.

Calculation:

Total distance covered by Tiago in 10 days:

⇒ 30 × 12 × 10

⇒ 3600 Km

Total distance covered by Mini in 10 days:

⇒ 20 × 25 × 10

⇒ 5000

Now the required ratio:

⇒ 3600 : 5000

⇒ 36 : 50

⇒ 18 : 25 (dividing by 2)

Hence the correct answer is "18 : 25".

Formula used:

Speed = Distance/Time.

Total distance covered in 10 days = Mileage × Fuel used per day × 10 days.

Calculation:

Total distance covered by all cars in 10 days:

By Alto:

= 25 × 10 × 10

= 2500 Km

By Swift:

= 22 × 10 × 10

= 2200

By Tiaoge:

= 30 × 12 × 10

= 3600

By Mini:

= 20 × 25 × 10

= 5000

By Kwid:

= 25 × 20 × 10

= 5000

The total distances covered by all the cars = 2500 + 2200 + 3600 + 5000 + 5000 = 18300 Km.

Since Car A  covered this distance in 150 Hr.

& Car B covered this distance in 300 Hr.

So,

Speed of Car A:

= 18300/150

= 122 Km/Hr

Speed of car B:

= 18300/300

= 61 Km/Hr

The difference in speed:

= 122 - 61

= 61 Km/Hr

Hence, the correct answer is "61 Km/Hr"

Calculation :

Number of employees working in the company during the year 2000 = 5000

Number of employees working in the company during the year 2001 =

= 5000 + (500 - 400)

= 5100

Number of employees working in the company during the year 2002 =

= 5100 + (450 - 600)

= 4950

Number of employees working in the company during the year 2003 =

= 4950 + (600 - 550)

= 5000

Hence, the correct answer is "5000".

Calculation:

The least number of employees who joined the company in year 2002 = 450.

The maximum number of employees who left company in year 2006 = 650.

Now required ratio:

⇒ 450 : 650

⇒ 9 : 13  (on dividing by 5)

Hence, the correct answer is "9 : 13".

Calculation:

In 2001:

Th previous years employees who left the company data is NOT available.

In 2002:

The percentage increase/decrease:

⇒ (600 - 400)/400 × 100

⇒ 50% increase

In 2003:

The percentage increase/decrease:

⇒ (550 - 600)/600 × 100

⇒ - 8.33%

In 2004:

The percentage increase/decrease:

⇒ (500 - 550)/550 × 100

⇒ - 9.09%

In 2005:

The percentage increase/decrease:

⇒ (600 - 500)/500 × 100

⇒ 20%

In 2006:

The percentage increase/decrease:

⇒ (650 - 600)/600 × 100

⇒ 8.33%

We can see that the maximum percentage rise/fall was in year 2002.

Hence the correct answer is "2002".

Calculation:

The total number of employees in the year 2003:

= 5000 + (500 - 400) + (450 - 600) + (600 - 550)

= 5000 + 100 - 150 + 50

= 5000

The total number of employees in the year 2002:

= 5000 + (500 - 400) + (450 - 600)

= 5000 + 100 - 150

= 4950

Increase in employees from 2002 to 2003:

= 5000 - 4950

= 50

Percentage increase in employees:

= (50/4950) × 100

= (1/99) ×  100

= 1.01

= 1%

Hence the correct answer is "1%".

Calculation :

The total number of employees in the year 2003:

= 5000 + (500 - 400) + (450 - 600) + (600 - 550)

= 5000 + 100 - 150 + 50

= 5000

The total number of employees in the year 2006:

= 5000 (employees in the year 2003) + (700 - 500) + (550 - 600) + (700 - 650)

= 5000 + 200 - 50 + 50

= 5200

Now required percentage:

= (5000/5200) × 100

= (50/52) × 100

= 96.153 × 100

= 96.15%

Hence, the correct answer is "96.15%".

Calculation:

Options (1):

Production in 2013 = 75

Production in 2012 = 55

In 2013, Percentage increase in production:

= {(75 - 55)/55} × 100

= (20/55) × 100

= 36.36%

Options (2):

Production in 2012 = 55

Production in 2011 = 40

In 2012, Percentage increase in production:

= {(55 - 40)/40} × 100

= (15/40) × 100

= 37.5%

Options (3):

Production in 2015 = 80

Production in 2014 = 60

In 2015, Percentage increase in production:

= {(80 - 60)/60} × 100

= (20/60) × 100

= 33.33%

Options (4):

Production in 2017 = 90

Production in 2016 = 65

In 2017, Percentage increase in production:

= {(90 - 65)/65} × 100

= (25/65) × 100

= 38.46%

Hence we can clearly see that the percentage increase in production was the maximum in the Year 2017.

The correct answer is "2017".

Formula used:

Average = Sum of production in all years ÷ Total number of years.

Calculation:

Average production of toys:

= (40 + 55 + 75 + 60 + 80 + 65 + 90 + 95)/8

= 560/8

= 70

Now we can see in the graph that in the years 2013, 2015, 2017 &  2018 the production of toys is more than the average production of toys.

Hence, the correct answer is "4".

Given:

Production in the year 2013: 75

Production in the year 2014: 60

Calculation:

The difference in production:

⇒ 75 - 60

⇒ 15 unit

Now required percentage decline:

= (15/75) × 100

= 20%

Hence, the correct answer is "20%".

Calculation:

Average production of years 2015 and 2016:

= (80 + 65)/2

= 72.5 Unit

Now, check all the options:

Options (1): The average production of 2014 and 2015:

= (60 + 80)/2

= 70 Unit

Options (2): Average production of 2016 and 2017:

= (90 + 95)/2

= 92.5 Unit

Options (3): Average production of 2012 and 2017:

= (55 + 90)/2

= 145/2

= 72.5 Unit

we can see that the average production of years 2015 and 2016 is exactly equal to the average production of years 2012 and 2017 which is 72.5 units.

Hence the correct answer is "year 2012 & 2017".

Calculation:

production of toys in 2018:

⇒ 95 Lakhs

Production of toys in 2011:

⇒ 40 Lakhs

The difference in production:

⇒ 95 - 40

⇒ 55 Lakhs

Required percentage increase:

= (55/40) × 100

= 275/2

= 137.5%

Hence, the correct answer is "137.5 %".

The correct answer is Shahjahan.

Key Points

• The pietra dura or coloured stone inlay work on marble became very popular in the days of Shahjahan.
• In Mughal India, pietra dura was known as Parchin Kari, it literally means 'inlay' or 'driven-in' work.
• By the end of Jahangir‘s reign, the practice of constructing buildings entirely of marble and decorating the walls with floral designs made of semi-precious stones began.
• The particular method of decoration, popular as pietra dura became more popular under Shah Jahan.
• Shah Jahan used this technique while constructing the Taj Mahal.

Additional Information

• Akbar was the third Mughal emperor (1556 to 1605).
• He was the son of Humayun.
• Akbar succeeded on the throne at just 13 years old due to the death of Humayun.
• He used different methods of expansion of the kingdom using war and matrimonial alliance.
• Shah Jahan the fifth Mughal emperor of India was the son of Jahangir.
• His grandfather Akbar gave him the name Khurram.
• He was given the title of "The Builder of the Marvels" as he had a remarkable ability to design new structures and redesign old forts.
• He built the Taj Mahal in Agra, the Jama Masjid of Delhi, and a Section of Agra Fort, etc.
• Aurangzeb was the sixth Mogul emperor of India and the last of the "Great Moguls."
• He extended the Mogul Empire to its farthest boundaries, but his reign was harsh and marked by revolts.
• He captured Guru Teg Bahadur, the 9^th Guru of Sikhs in 1675 AD and executed him when he refused to embrace Islam.
• The only monument associated with Aurangzeb is Bibi ka Maqbara, which is the tomb of his wife Rabbia-ud-Daura, in Aurangabad.

The correct answer is Chalcolithic Age.

In News

• Copper was first used in the Chalcolithic age.
• The Chalcolithic Age is the stone-copper phase.
• The time period of the Chalcolithic Age was 4000 BCE – 2000 BCE.
• It is a transition age between the Neolithic and the Bronze Age.
• After the Neolithic Age, many cultures began to use metals, mainly copper and low-grade bronze.
• The Chalcolithic settlements spread from the Chotanagpur plateau to the Ganges basin.
• This culture was most visible during the pre-Harappan period, but it was present in many places in the post-Harappan period as well.
• The Chalcolithic culture is associated with farming communities such as the Kayathas, Ahars or Banas, Malwa and Jorwe.

Additional Information

• Middle stone age
• Its duration is from 10,000 to 6000 BC.
• The Mesolithic man subsisted on hunting, fishing, food gathering and in later stages also domesticated animals.
• One of the key aspects of the Middle Stone Age was the reduction in the size of well-established tool types.
• During the Mesolithic, the size of tools (tools and weapons) was very small and ranged from 1 to 8 cm.
• Paleolithic age
• This era is also known as the Upper Stone Age, which is from 500,000 to 10,000 BC.
• They were food gatherers, subsisting on hunting and gathering wild fruits and vegetables.
• They had no knowledge of agriculture, house building, pottery or any metal.
• It was only in the later stages that he got the knowledge of fire.
• Man, during this period, used unpolished, unclothed rough stone tools—mainly hand axes, cleavers, choppers, blades, hoes and hoes.
• Neolithic age
• Its duration is from 6,000 to 1000 BC.
• Many innovations such as the advent of food production, innovations in technology, invention of pottery, rise of self-sufficient rural communities, division of labor on the basis of gender and age were introduced in this era.

The correct answer is Rajgir.

 

Key Points

• The first Buddhist Council was held at Rajgir.
• First Buddhist Council
• It was a gathering of senior Buddhist monks after the demise of Gautama Buddha.
• It was conducted under the patronage of King Ajatasatru of the Haryanka dynasty in 483 BC at Sattapani caves (Sattaparnaguha) in Rajagriha.
• Mahakassapa (Buddha's disciple) was the Buddhist monk who presided over the first council.
• The primary objective of the council was to preserve the teaching of Lord Buddha.

Important Points

• Second Buddhist Council
• ​This Buddhist council was held at Vaishali in 383 BC approx. after hundred years of Buddha's demise.
• It was conducted under the patronage of King Kalasoka of the Sisunaga dynasty.
• It was presided over by Sabakami.
• The primary objective of this council was to discuss ten disputed points under the Vinaypitaka composed in the first Buddhist council.
• The splitting into the Theravada and Mahayana group happened in this council.
• Third Buddhist Council
• ​This was held in 250 BC at Pataliputra under the patronage of Emperor Ashoka of the Mauryan dynasty.
• It was presided over by Mogaliputta Tissa.
• The Abhidhamma Pitaka was composed in the third Buddhist council and the group of these three pitakas was collectively known as 'Tripitaka'.
• The primary objective of this council was to remove corruption from the Sanghas.
• Fourth Buddhist Council
• This Buddhist council was held in the 1^st century AD at Kundalvana in Kashmir.
• It was held under the patronage of King Kanishka of the Kushan dynasty.
• Vasumitra and Ashvaghosha presided over the fourth Buddhist council.
• All proceedings were held in the Sanskrit language and also Abhidhamma texts were translated from Prakrit to Sanskrit.
• The division of Buddhism into Mahayana and Hinayana sects occurred in this council.

The correct answer is Mauryan Emperor Ashoka.

Key Points

• Mauryan Emperor Ashoka is the person whose name was also 'Devanampiya Piyadassi'.
• "Devanampiya" means "Beloved of the Gods". It is often used by Ashoka in conjunction with the title Priyadasi, which means "He who regards others with kindness".
• Ashoka was the last major emperor of the Mauryan dynasty of India.
• He ruled the Mauryan dynasty from 268 BC to 232 BC.
• Following his successful conquest of the Kalinga country on the east coast, Ashoka renounced armed conquest.
• He adopted a policy that he called “conquest by dharma” (i.e., by principles of right life).
• His nature was full of sincerity. Ashoka conquered the Kalinga country (modern Orissa state) in the eighth year of his reign. It was at this time that he came in touch with Buddhism and adopted it.
• He built a number of stupas and monasteries and erected pillars on which he ordered inscribed his understanding of religious doctrines.

Additional Information

• Mauryan Emperor Chandragupta
• ​He was the founder of the Maurya Dynasty.
• In 305 BC, he marched against Seleucus Nikator (Alexander's general controlling NW India) and defeated him.
• Chandragupta embraced Jainism towards the end of his life & stepped down from the throne in favour of his son Bindusara.
• Gautam Buddha 
• ​He was born as Siddhartha Gautama in Lumbini, Nepal, in 563 BCE.
• ​​At the age of 29, Gautama left home and rejected his life of riches and embraced a lifestyle of asceticism or extreme self-discipline.
• **After 49 consecutive days of meditation, Gautam attained Bodhi (enlightenment) under a pipal tree at Bodhgaya, Bihar.**​
• Buddhist teachings that are the foundation of the Theravada Buddhist philosophy.
• Lord Mahavir
• ​He was the 24^th and last Tirthankara of Jainism.
• He was born in 540 BC near Vaishali in Kundagrama (Bihar).
• He propagated the religion after which Jainism came into prominence in the 6^th century B.C.

The correct answer is Mughal Emperor.

Key Points

• The East India Company was founded in 1600 during the reign of the Mughal Emperor Akbar (1556–1605).
• The East India Company was an English company formed on December 31, 1600, and started as a monopolistic trading body so that England could participate in the East Indian spice trade.

Additional Information

• The English East India Company was incorporated by royal charter on December 31, 1600.
• Here we talk about the establishment of the company, not the factory.
• In 1600, a group of London merchants led by Sir Thomas Smith petitioned Queen Elizabeth I to grant them a royal charter to trade with countries in the Eastern Hemisphere.
• Sir Thomas Roe arrived at the court of the Mughal emperor, Jahangir, in 1615 as an emissary of King James I, and the British received the right to establish a factory at Surat.

The correct answer is Vinoba Bhave. ​

Key Points

• The Bhoodan Movement or the Land Gift Movement was a voluntary land reform movement in India, started by Acharya Vinoba Bhave in 1951 in Pochampalli village, now in Telangana, and known as Bhoodan Pochampalli.
• Bhoodan - To implement land reforms Gramdan movements urged the landless classes to voluntarily hand over a part of their land to the landless to implement land reforms.
• In Pochampalli, Telangana, the problems of landless Harijans were presented to Acharya Vinoba Bhave.

Additional Information

• Vinoba Bhave was the first individual Satyagrahi, which was soon followed by many others including Nehru and Patel.
• Acharya Vinoba Bhave was the first person to receive the Magsaysay Award.

The correct answer is Kamladevi Chattopadhyay.

Key Points

• The Salt March during the Civil Disobedience Movement was notable for at least three reasons.
• Firstly, it was this incident that first caught the attention of the world to Mahatma Gandhi. The march was widely covered by the European and American press.
• Second, it was the first nationalist activity in which women participated in large numbers. Socialist activist Kamaladevi Chattopadhyay persuaded Gandhi not to limit the protest to men only. Kamaladevi herself was one of the many women arrested for breaking salt or alcohol laws.
• Third, and perhaps most important, it was the Salt March that made the British realize that their rule would not last forever and that they would have to delegate some power to the Indians.

The correct answer is The French Revolution. ​

Key Points

• The first clear expression of nationalism came with the French Revolution in 1789.
• France was a full-fledged territorial state in 1789 under the rule of an absolute monarch.
• The political and constitutional changes that came in the wake of the French Revolution led to the transfer of sovereignty from the monarchy to a body of French citizens.

Additional Information

• The Industrial Revolution was the transition to new manufacturing processes in Great Britain, continental Europe and the United States, which occurred during the period from about 1760 to approximately 1820–1840.
• The American Revolution was an ideological and political revolution that took place in British America between 1765 and 1791.
• The Russian Revolution was inaugurated with the February Revolution in 1917. This first rebellion was centered in and around the then capital, Petrograd (now Saint Petersburg).

The correct answer is Government of India Act, 1935. 

Key Points

• Government of India Act, 1935 - Partial Reorganization of Provinces:
• Sindh was separated from Bombay.
• Bihar and Orissa were divided into separate provinces of Bihar and Orissa.
• Burma was completely separated from India.
• Aden was also separated from India, and established as a separate Crown Colony.

Additional Information

• The Government of India Act of 1935 was an Act adapted from the Parliament of the United Kingdom.
• It originally received royal assent in August 1935.
• It was the longest Act of the (British) Parliament ever passed until it was superseded by the Greater London Authority Act 1999.
• The Act led to:
• The separation of Burma from British India, effective 1 April 1937.
• Establishment of the Reserve Bank of India (RBI).
• The creation of the Federal Court in 1937.
• Bicameralism in 6 out of 11 provinces (Bombay, Madras, Bengal, Bihar, Assam and United Provinces).

The correct answer is Subhash Chandra Bose.

Key Points

• Dilli Chalo Slogan was given by Subhash Chandra Bose.
• He used this slogan to motivate the Indian National Army (INA) in 1944 when the INA commenced its military campaign against Burma.

Additional Information

Availability of water is NOT correct.

• The availability of water is not the economic factor influencing the population distribution.

Additional Information

There are several factors that affect the population distribution in India:

Nepal & Tibet is the correct answer. 

Key Points

• Mount Everest is located between Nepal and Tibet, an autonomous region of China.
• It is considered the highest point on Earth.
• In the nineteenth century, the mountain was named after George Everest, the former Surveyor General of India.
• The second and the third highest mountain peaks are K2 and Kangchenjunga located in POK (Pakistan Occupied Kashmir) and India respectively.
• The first-ever recorded people to climb Everest were Edmund Hillary (a mountaineer from New Zealand) and his Tibetan guide Tenzing Norgay.

Additional Information

Name of Mt. Everest in different languages-

The correct answer is High temperature associated with high humidity.

Key Points

• The months of October-November form a period of transition from hot rainy weather to dry winter conditions.
• The withdrawal of monsoon is marked by clear skies and a rise in temperature.
• While the day temperature is high, the nights are cool and pleasant.
• The ground is still moist.
• Due to the high temperature and humidity conditions, the weather becomes quite oppressive during the day.
• This is commonly referred to as the 'October Heat'.
• In the second fortnight of October, the mercury starts falling rapidly in North India.

The correct answer is \(5{{1} \over 2} \) hours.

• Indian Standard Time (IST) is 5 hours 30 minutes ahead of Greenwich Mean Time (GMT).

Key Points

• In India, the longitude of 82.5° E is considered the standard meridian. The local time on the meridian is taken as the standard time for the whole country. This is known as Indian Standard Time (IST).
• The Prime Meridian is a 0° and is known as the Greenwich Line because it passes through Greenwich near London, where the British Royal Observatory is located.
• Longitudes have a very important function i.e. they determine local time with respect to Greenwich Mean Time (GMT).
• Local time is the time counted by noon-sun at a given location and standard time is the local time of a country's standard meridian.

The correct answer is All of these. ​

Key Points

• The Green Revolution was a period that began in the 1960s, during which agriculture in India was transformed into a modern industrial system, such as high-yielding variety (HYV) seeds, mechanized farming equipment, irrigation facilities, use of pesticides. and fertilizers.

Important Points

• The term green revolution was first used by William Gaud and Norman Borlaug is the Father of the Green Revolution.
• In the year 1965, the government of India launched the Green Revolution with the help of a geneticist, now known as the father of the Green revolution (India) M.S. Swaminathan.

The correct answer is Kosi.

Key Points

• The Kosi River is also known as the "Sorrow of Bihar".
• The Kosi River originates from Tibet.
• The river flows through China, Nepal, and India.
• It forms a left bank tributary of the Ganges.
• This river causes floods in Bihar, hence it is called the Sorrow of Bihar.

Additional Information

• The source of the Damodar river is Chota Nagpur Plateau (Palamau hills in Jharkhand) and the mouth is Hooghly River, Rupnarayan River.
• The river bifurcates into two channels at Beguahana.
• Hooghly River is one of the significant rivers in West Bengal.
• Ghaghara River is a major left-bank tributary of the Ganges River.
• It rises as the Karnali River (Chinese: Kongque He) in the high Himalayas of southern Tibet Autonomous Region, China, and flows southeast through Nepal.

The correct answer National Development Council. ​

Key Points

• The National Development Council is the final approval authority for the five-year plans.
• It is headed by the Prime Minister and consists of Union Cabinet Ministers, Chief Ministers or representatives of all States and Union Territories and members of NITI Aayog.
• The Planning Commission was an institution of the Government of India, which formulated the Five Year Plans of India.
• In 2014, Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi announced the dissolution of the Planning Commission and its replacement by a new body called NITI Aayog.​

Important Points

• The Ministry of Finance is a ministry that deals with taxation, financial law, financial institutions, capital markets, central and state finances, and the central budget.