UGC NET Paper 1: Held on 7th Dec 2023 Shift 2 (Previous Year Paper)

Out of the given options, the most likely consequence of failing to understand the cultural environment is: 4) Miscommunication.

Key Points

• Information richness: This refers to the amount of information present in a communication environment. While cultural differences can affect information density, misunderstanding the overall context wouldn't necessarily lead to more information.
• Exhibitionism: This is the act of publicly displaying something, which wouldn't directly result from not understanding cultural norms.
• High-brow communication: This involves using complex language or jargon, which again doesn't inherently stem from cultural misunderstandings.
• Miscommunication: This occurs when the intended message is not received or understood in the way it was meant due to various factors, including cultural differences. When you don't grasp the cultural context, your communication style, gestures, humor, and even word choice might be misinterpreted, leading to misunderstandings.

Therefore, miscommunication is the most likely consequence of failing to understand the cultural environment, as it affects how messages are transmitted and received. This can negatively impact relationships, business deals, cultural exchanges, and more.

'Value' is codes as 'ya' and 'contagious' is coded as 'da'

Hence, 'da' and 'ya' is the correct answer.

Key Points

• Statement I: Emphasizes the differentiated responsibilities under the Montreal Protocol for developed and developing nations.
• This is true. Developed nations, with their higher historical consumption of ozone-depleting substances (ODS), have stricter timelines and financial obligations to phase them out. Developing countries are given a grace period and financial assistance for their transition.
• Statement II: Mentions the Kigali Amendment phasing out CFCs and HCFCs.
• This is incorrect. The Kigali Amendment targets hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), not CFCs and HCFCs. While CFCs and HCFCs were already addressed under previous amendments, HFCs became a prominent concern due to their high global warming potential.

Therefore, Statement I is correct, but Statement II is incorrect.

Key Points 

The recommendations of the first educational conference held at Shimla in 1901 were:

• A thorough reform of Indian Universities
• Appointment of a Director-General of Indian education
• Co-ordination of rules for examinations

The other answer choices are not correct:

1. Appointment of only Indians as Vice-Chancellors of Indian Universities: This was not a recommendation of the first educational conference held at Shimla in 1901.
2. Importance to teaching and research in Sanskrit: This was not a recommendation of the first educational conference held at Shimla in 1901.

Therefore, the correct answer is (3) (C), (D) and (E) Only.

Snowball sampling refers to the method where a core group of participants recruit or recommend other potential participants for a research study.

Key Points

• Simple random sampling: This involves selecting participants entirely at random, ensuring everyone in the population has an equal chance of being chosen.
• Snowball sampling: This method leverages existing social networks of initial participants to identify others with similar characteristics, making it ideal for studying hidden or hard-to-reach populations.
• Quota sampling: This selects participants based on predetermined quotas for specific subgroups within the population, ensuring proportional representation in the sample.
• Stratified random sampling: This divides the population into subgroups (strata) and then randomly selects participants from each subgroup, ensuring the sample reflects the overall population composition.

Since snowball sampling relies on referrals from existing participants, it's the most relevant choice for the given description.

Key Points 

The administrative reforms in universities suggested by the National Knowledge Commission are:

• Appointment of vice-chancellors based on their academic and administrative credentials
• De-politicisation of appointments
• Creation of a good research environment

The other answer choices are not correct:

• Centralised control of universities: This is not a reform suggested by the National Knowledge Commission.
• Restrictions on academic freedom: This is not a reform suggested by the National Knowledge Commission.

Therefore, the correct answer is (4) (A), (B) and (E) only.

Key Points

• The axiom of relevance in conversation means making comments that are relevant to the topic of discussion. It is important to stay on track and avoid making irrelevant or tangential remarks.
• Metaphorical remarks, signals, and rudimentary comments are not necessarily related to the axiom of relevance.

Therefore, the correct answer is (3) Relevant comments.

Key Points

Statement I: The process of deduction involves drawing generalizable inferences out of observations.

• This statement is incorrect.
• Deduction is the process of drawing conclusions from general premises. It is the opposite of induction, which is the process of drawing generalizable inferences out of observations.

Statement II: Positivism advocates the application of the methods of the natural sciences to the study of social reality.

• This statement is correct.
• Positivism is a philosophical school of thought that emphasizes the use of scientific methods to study social phenomena. Positivists believe that the only valid knowledge is that which is based on observation and experimentation.

Therefore, statement I is incorrect but statement II is correct.

Key Points 

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• A. Explicit - This refers to direct, clear communication about communication. The best match is comments on others' communication behaviour, making A match with II.
• B. Implicit - This involves indirect or not clearly expressed communication, which can be exemplified by a sarcastic remark that says one thing but means another, so B matches with III.
• C. Verbal - This category is straightforward; it involves using words to communicate about communication. Sarcastic remarks would actually fit here due to their verbal nature rather than an implicit style, but based on the options given and their closer alignment with traditional definitions, comments about non-verbal behaviour are also part of verbal metacommunication because they use words to describe or comment on non-verbal cues, making C match IV in absence of a direct match.
• D. Non-verbal - Refers to communication without words, which includes body language, gestures, etc. An aggressive gesture modified with a smile fits this description, so D matches with I.

The correct response is Padlet.

Key Points 

Padlet

• Padlet is a versatile digital tool that enables users to create digital bulletin boards, also known as "walls," where they can collaborate, share information, and gather feedback.
• Users can add various types of content, including text, images, videos, documents, and links, to the Padlet board.
• It supports real-time collaboration, allowing multiple users to contribute and interact simultaneously.
• Padlet is widely used in educational settings, business environments, and personal projects due to its user-friendly interface and collaborative features.

Additional Information

X-mind:

• X-mind is a mind-mapping software that allows users to visually organize their thoughts, ideas, and information. It is primarily used for brainstorming, project planning, and organizing complex concepts.
• However, it is not specifically designed for creating digital bulletin boards. While it facilitates information organization, it doesn't offer the same format or collaborative features as a digital bulletin board tool like Padlet.

Book Creator:

• Book Creator is a digital tool that allows users to create and publish their own interactive digital books. While it enables users to collaborate on creating multimedia-rich content, it is not specifically designed for creating digital bulletin boards.
• Book Creator focuses more on storytelling and book creation rather than providing a platform for sharing and gathering information in the format of a bulletin board.

Plotagon:

• Plotagon is an animation software that allows users to create animated videos by designing characters, writing scripts, and animating scenes.
• It is not intended for creating digital bulletin boards or collaborative information-sharing platforms. Plotagon is used for storytelling and creating animated content rather than organizing and sharing information in a bulletin board format.

Key Points

Statement (I): In Round-Robin cooperative learning strategy, students work together to achieve a common goal or complete a task.

• Statement I is correct. This statement accurately describes the Round-Robin cooperative learning strategy.
• Students are placed in small groups and each member takes turns contributing to a shared project or task, ultimately working together to achieve a common goal.

Statement (II): In group investigation cooperative learning strategy, students take turns sharing their ideas, thoughts or solutions within their group.

• Statement II is incorrect. In group investigation cooperative learning, students don't necessarily take turns sharing their ideas within their group.
• Instead, this strategy involves students working collaboratively to investigate a topic or problem, often with assigned roles and responsibilities for each member.

Therefore, Statement I is correct but Statement II is incorrect.

Confusion Points The official Answer is provided in option 2, which is incorrect.

Key Points 

• In the Fishbowl cooperative learning strategy, students are separated into an inner circle and an outer circle.
• The students in the inner circle discuss a topic, while the students in the outer circle listen to the discussion. The students in the outer circle can then provide feedback to the students in the inner circle.

The other answer choices are not correct:

• Snow Ball: In the Snowball cooperative learning strategy, students are divided into small groups and given a topic to discuss. The groups then come together to share their ideas with the class.
• Jigsaw: In the Jigsaw cooperative learning strategy, students are divided into small groups and each group is given a different part of a topic to learn. The students then come together to share their knowledge with the class.
• Think-Pair-Share: In the Think-Pair-Share cooperative learning strategy, students first think about a topic individually, then pair up with a partner to discuss their ideas, and finally share their ideas with the class.

Therefore, the correct answer is (2) Fish bowl.

Given:

Total monthly salary = Rs. 2,00,000

Calculation:

Let their salaries be 5x and 3x be respectively,

⇒ 8x = 200000

⇒ x = 25000

Husband's salary = 5 × 25000

⇒ Rs. 1,25,000

Wife's salary = 3 × 25000

⇒ Rs. 75,000

Here,  husband and wife spend 40% and 20% of their salaries, respectively.

Therefore their savings are 60% and 80% respectively.

Husband's savings = 60% of 1,25,000

⇒ 60/100 × 125000 = Rs. 75,000

Wife's savings = 80% of 75,000

⇒ 80/100 × 75000 = Rs. 60,000

Required ratio = 75000 : 60000

⇒ 75 : 60 

⇒ 5 : 4

∴ The correct answer is 5 : 4.

Key PointsStatement (I): Pearson's coefficient of correlation 'r' is a very useful measure of the strength and direction of the relationship between two nominal variables.

• Pearson's coefficient of correlation (r) is not suitable for measuring the relationship between two nominal variables.
• This is because nominal variables represent categories or labels without any inherent order or numerical values. Pearson's r assumes quantitative data and measures the linear relationship between variables, which does not apply to nominal data.

Statement (II): Pearson's coefficient of correlation 'r' always lies between 0 and 1.

• Although Pearson's r can be a useful measure for quantitative data, its range is not limited to 0 and 1.
• While it almost always falls within this range in practical applications, the theoretical range of Pearson's r is actually -1 to +1.
• This is because the calculation involves squaring the deviations from the mean, which cannot produce negative values, leading to a range of 0 to 1 in most cases. However, in rare instances with perfect multicollinearity (perfect linear dependence) between variables, r can theoretically reach either -1 or +1.

Therefore, both statements I and II are incorrect, making option 2) Both Statement I and Statement II are incorrect and the accurate answer.

Key Points

Statement I: According to the UGC Regulations 2018 regarding prevention of plagiarism, the student has to give an undertaking while submitting his thesis that the document is his original work and is free from any kind of plagiarism.

• This statement is true.
• The UGC Regulations 2018 require that all students submitting a thesis or dissertation must give an undertaking that the work is their original work and is free from any kind of plagiarism.

Statement II: According to the UGC Regulations on Prevention of Plagiarism, 2018, the research supervisor is not required to certify that the work done by the researcher under him is free from plagiarism.

• This statement is false.
• The UGC Regulations 2018 require that the research supervisor must certify that the work done by the researcher under him is free from plagiarism.

Therefore, statement I is true, but statement II is false.

The correct answer is Carbon dioxide (CO2)

Key Points

• Carbon dioxide (CO2) is the gas that has the maximum contribution to global warming. It is a greenhouse gas that traps heat in the atmosphere, causing the planet to warm.
• Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) are also potent greenhouse gases, but they have been phased out of production due to their role in ozone depletion.
• Methane (CH4) is a greenhouse gas that is more potent than CO2, but it has a shorter atmospheric lifetime.
• Sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) is a very potent greenhouse gas, but it is only emitted in small quantities.

Therefore, carbon dioxide (CO2) is the gas that has the maximum contribution to global warming.

The correct answer is 1) Cow, bovine, mammal, vertebrate, animal.

 Key Points

• Denotation refers to the literal meaning of a word, the specific object or concept it refers to. As we move from cow to animal, the terms become increasingly broader in their meaning, encompassing more and more things. Here's the breakdown:
• Cow: Refers to a specific type of animal within the Bovidae family.
• Bovine: Refers to the entire family of animals that includes cows, buffaloes, yaks, etc.
• Mammal: Refers to a class of warm-blooded animals that have fur or hair, nurse their young with milk, and give birth to live young. This includes not only cows and other bovines but also humans, elephants, whales, etc.
• Vertebrate: Refers to animals with a backbone, which includes mammals, birds, fish, reptiles, amphibians, etc. This is even broader than mammal.
• Animal: Refers to any multicellular, eukaryotic organism of the kingdom Animalia, which includes not only vertebrates but also insects, jellyfish, worms, etc. This is the broadest term of all.

Therefore, the order of increasing denotation, from most specific to most general, is cow, bovine, mammal, vertebrate, animal.

Given:

In 2017

Number of buildings constructed in E = 2100

Number of buildings constructed in F = 2380

In 2021

Number of buildings constructed in E = 2350

Number of buildings constructed in F = 2560

Calculation:

Total number of buildings constructed in 2021

⇒ 2350 + 2560 = 4910

Total number of buildings constructed in 2017

⇒ 2100 + 2380 = 4480

Required difference = 4910 - 4480

⇒ 430

∴ The correct answer is 430.

Calculation:

In the year 2020, 2021 and 2022

Number of building constructed in A 

⇒ (3300 + 3320 + 3400) = 10,020

Number of building constructed in B

⇒ (2792 + 2800 + 2900) = 8492

Number of building constructed in C

⇒ (3192 + 3200 + 3268) = 9660

Number of building constructed in D

⇒ (3664 + 3760 + 3792) = 11,216

Number of building constructed in E

⇒ (2320 + 2350 + 2380) = 7050

Number of building constructed in F

⇒ (2530 + 2560 + 2588) = 7678

Hence, in three towns (A, C and D), the total number of buildings constructed is more than 8500.

Calculation:

Total number of buildings constructed in 2016  

⇒ (3000 + 2500 + 2960 + 3448 + 2040 + 2272)

⇒ 16,220

Total number of buildings constructed in 2018 

⇒ (3220 + 2640 + 3090 + 3600 + 2200 + 2460)

⇒ 17,210

Required percentage = 16220/17210 × 100

⇒ 94.24 ≈ 94%.

∴ 94% will be the right answer.

Calculation:

Total number of buildings constructed in B

in all the seven years,

⇒ (2500 + 2568 + 2640 + 2670

• 2792 + 2800 + 2900)

⇒ 18,870

∴ The correct answer is 18870.

Given:

Buildings constructed in town D in 2017 = 3500

Buildings constructed in town D in 2018 = 3600

Calculation:

Increase in reference to the previous year, 

⇒ (3600 - 3500) = 100

Required percentage = 100/3500 × 100

⇒ 2.85%

∴ The correct answer is 2.85%.

The correct answer is A - III, B - I, C - IV, D - II

Key Points

• A. OCR (Optical Character Recognition): This technology reads characters printed in a document and converts them into editable text. (Description: III. Reading data directly from hard copy and converting into computer-readable form)
• B. OMR (Optical Mark Recognition): This system focuses on recognizing pre-defined marks like bubbles or checkboxes on forms, not characters themselves. (Description: I. System that reads pencil or pen marks on a piece of paper in pre-determined positions)
• C. RFID (Radio Frequency Identification): This technology uses radio waves to identify objects tagged with microchips. (Description: IV. Use of minute-electronic devices (containing microchip and antenna) that can read from distances up to a few minutes)
• D. MICR (Magnetic Ink Character Recognition): This system reads special characters printed with magnetic ink, typically used for bank checks. (Description: II. A system that reads characters printed in special ink, for example, the characters written at the bottom of a Bank cheque)

The correct answer is 3) Statement I is correct but Statement II is incorrect.

 Key Points

• Statement I: True. Propositions are declarative sentences that can be either true or false. They represent an assertion about the world, and their truth value depends on whether they accurately reflect reality. For example, "The Earth is round" is a true proposition, while "The Earth is flat" is a false proposition.
• Statement II: False. Validity refers to the logical structure of an argument, not individual propositions. An argument is valid if its conclusion necessarily follows from its premises, regardless of their truth or falsehood. So, validity cannot be attributed to a single proposition because it requires multiple propositions and their specific relationships.

Therefore, while truth and falsehood are indeed attributes of individual propositions, validity does not apply to them alone.

Key Points 

Statement (I): Naturally occurring Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) generally oxidize to form Carbonmonoxide (CO) and Carbondioxide (CO2)

• Naturally occurring Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) generally oxidize to form Carbonmonoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide (CO2). This is a natural process that occurs in the atmosphere.

Statement (II): Anthropogenically emitted VOCs play an important role in the formation of smog

• Anthropogenically emitted VOCs, which are VOCs released into the atmosphere as a result of human activities, also play an important role in the formation of smog.
• Smog is a type of air pollution that is characterized by the presence of high levels of ozone and other pollutants. VOCs react with sunlight and other pollutants in the atmosphere to form smog.

Therefore, both statement I and statement II are correct.

Key Points 

The correct answer is 3) Statement I is correct but Statement II is incorrect.

Statement I: The absence of fluoride in drinking water causes tooth decay.

• True. The absence of fluoride in drinking water can cause tooth decay. Fluoride helps to strengthen teeth and prevent cavities by making them more resistant to acid attacks from bacteria in the mouth.

Statement II: Absence of fluoride in drinking water causes mottling of teeth also known as dental fluorosis.

• False. Dental fluorosis is actually caused by excess fluoride in drinking water, not its absence. It leads to white spots or streaks on the teeth.

Additional Information

• Recommended fluoride levels: The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends a fluoride concentration of 0.5 milligrams per liter (mg/L) in drinking water for optimal dental health.
• Too much fluoride: Consuming water with high fluoride levels (above 1.5 mg/L) over a long period can lead to dental fluorosis.
• Other sources of fluoride: Fluoride can also be obtained from toothpaste, mouthwash, and some foods.

Key Points 

The following are examples of Information Development Model:

• Gagne's Information Model: This model describes the process of learning as a series of nine events that occur in a specific order. These events include gaining attention, stimulating recall of prior learning, presenting the stimulus, providing guidance, eliciting the performance, providing feedback, assessing performance, and enhancing retention and transfer.
• Jerome Bruner's Model: This model emphasizes the importance of discovery learning and the role of the learner in constructing their own understanding. Bruner believed that learners should be actively involved in the learning process and that they should be given opportunities to explore and discover new information for themselves.
• Schuman's Model: This model focuses on the development of reading and writing skills. Schuman believed that reading and writing are closely related and that they should be taught together. He also emphasized the importance of using authentic texts and materials in the classroom.

The other answer choices are not correct:

• Self Awareness Model: This model is not related to information development. It is a model of self-awareness that was developed by Sidney Jourard.
• Group Investigation Model: This model is not related to information development. It is a model of collaborative learning that was developed by Herbert Thelen.

Therefore, the correct answer is (3) (B), (C) and (D) Only.

Key Points Statement I: The monastery of Vikramasila, possessed a University with six colleges.

• True: Historical accounts and archaeological evidence confirm that Vikramasila, a renowned Buddhist monastery in ancient India, housed a thriving university with six colleges dedicated to diverse fields of study, including philosophy, logic, grammar, medicine, and astronomy.

Statement II: Vikramasila was a well-known centre of Tantric Buddhism and attracted students from other countries.

• True: Vikramasila was widely recognized as a leading center of Tantric Buddhism, a branch of Mahayana Buddhism known for its emphasis on ritual practices and esoteric teachings. Its scholars garnered a reputation for expertise in Tantric doctrines, attracting students from across India and beyond, including Tibet, China, and Southeast Asia.

Therefore, the most appropriate answer is 1) Both Statement I and Statement II are correct.

Key Points 

Statement I: The statement - "Pradeep's mind is a cave: deep, dark and full of bats" is an analogy which is only descriptive in nature.

• This statement is correct.
• An analogy is a comparison between two things that are otherwise unlike. The analogy in the given statement is between Pradeep's mind and a cave. The analogy is descriptive in nature because it simply describes the characteristics of Pradeep's mind, without making any argument.

Statement II: The statement - "Pradeep's mind is a cave; deep, dark and full of bats" is an analogy which contains an argument.

• This statement is incorrect.
• The analogy in the given statement does not contain an argument. An argument is a series of statements that are used to support a conclusion. The analogy in the given statement simply describes the characteristics of Pradeep's mind, without making any argument.

Therefore, statement I is correct but statement II is incorrect.

Based on historical records and available data, the largest university in the initial years of Lord Curzon's regime (1899-1905) was most likely: 1) Calcutta University.

Key Points

• Historical context: Calcutta University, established in 1857, was the first modern university in British India. By the late 19^th century, it had already established itself as a eading institution with several affiliated colleges and a large student body.
• Enrollment figures: While precise enrollment figures for all universities from that period might not be readily available, historical references indicate that Calcutta University consistently had the highest number of students compared to other universities in India during the late 19^th century.
• Lord Curzon's focus: It's important to note that Lord Curzon was a strong advocate for educational reforms and emphasized expanding and improving university systems in India. He focused his initial efforts on Calcutta University, implementing various reform measures to address perceived issues and solidify its position as a premier institution.

Therefore, considering the historical context, enrollment figures, and Lord Curzon's specific focus, Calcutta University emerges as the most likely answer to having the largest student body in the initial years of his regime.

Key Points 

The threats to the internal validity of an investigation are:

• (A) History: This refers to events that occur outside of the experiment that may affect the results. For example, if a new law is passed that affects the behavior of the participants, this could threaten the internal validity of the study.
• (B) Instrumentation: This refers to changes in the measuring instrument that may affect the results. For example, if a researcher changes the way they are measuring the dependent variable, this could threaten the internal validity of the study.
• (C) Maturation: This refers to changes in the participants that occur over time that may affect the results. For example, if the participants in a study get older, this could threaten the internal validity of the study.

Therefore, the correct answer is (4) (A), (B) and (C).

Given sequence:

aabcd _ _ _ bcdbc _ _ _ dcdab _ _ _

Now, putting the letters in the blank spaces given in the option one by one:

Option 1) abaabccdd → a / abcdab / abcdbc / abcdcd / abcdd

Option 2) abcabacdd → a / abcdab / cbcdbc / abadcd / abcdd

Option 3) abaabdcdd → a / abcdab / abcdbc / abddcd / abcdd

Option 4) abcadbbcd  → a / abcdab / cbcdbc / adbdcd / abbcd

Here, 'option 1' follows a pattern.

Hence, option 1 is the right answer.

The correct answer is "(B) and (D) only."

Key Points

• The passage mentions that India is "famous for preserving its rich cultural heritage," which contradicts the statement that it does not preserve its cultural heritage.
• The passage states that India is "filled with cultures and religions," indicating cultural diversity.
• The passage does not support the statement that there is no diversity of religions in India. On the contrary, it mentions the country's rich cultural and religious heritage.
• The passage mentions that India is a "country of historical values."

Thus, Option 4 is the correct answer.

Additional Information

• The passage highlights India's rich cultural heritage, cultural diversity, and historical values.

The correct answer is "Statement I is correct, but statement II is incorrect."

Key Points

• The passage mentions that the ship has a "zero emission policy" and uses green fuel, indicating an environment-friendly approach.
• The passage explicitly mentions that the ship is "indigenously built," supporting the idea that it is a product of indigenous construction.

Thus, Option 3 is the correct answer.

Additional Information

• The ship, MV Ganga Vilas, is indeed an environment-friendly vessel, and it is indigenously built, showcasing India's self-reliance.

The correct answer is "This is the longest river walk in the world."

Key Points

• The passage mentions that MV Ganga Vilas is the world's longest cruise ship, covering approximately 32,000 km in 51 days.
• This indicates that it holds the record for the longest river cruise.

Thus, Option 3 is the correct answer.

Additional Information

• The passage highlights the extensive distance and duration of the river cruise, establishing its status as the longest in the world.

The correct answer is "MV Ganga Vilas Cruises."

Key Points

• The "Historical Water Journey" in the context of the passage refers to the cruise undertaken by MV Ganga Vilas.
• This cruise covered approximately 32,000 km in 51 days, crossing 27 river systems of five states and two countries via the Ganga Brahmaputra river systems.
• It started from Varanasi, the heart of Uttar Pradesh, and ended in Dibrugarh, Assam, making stops at about 50 places along the way.
• The journey was a significant event showcasing India's historical, cultural, and religious significance associated with its rivers.

Thus, Option 3 is the correct answer.

Additional Information

• The passage mentions the cruise being abuzz with news in the context of global tourism, but the "Historical Water Journey" specifically refers to the MV Ganga Vilas cruise.
• While the passage mentions the cruise as a realization of Prime Minister Modi's Act East policy, the term "Historical Water Journey" does not directly refer to the policy itself.
• ​The passage mentions Prime Minister Modi's focus on developing national waterways, but the term "Historical Water Journey" does not explicitly refer to the overall development of national waterways.

The correct answer is "(A), (C) and (D) only."

Key Points

• It has been decorated by Indian designers: This is mentioned in the passage, indicating that the ship has been decorated with Indian designs.
• Both Indian and Western dishes are served in it: While the passage mentions "Indian cuisine," it does not specifically state that both Indian and Western dishes are served.
• It displays Indian arts and crafts: This is mentioned in the passage, indicating that the ship showcases Indian arts and crafts.
• It is operated entirely by an Indian crew: This is mentioned in the passage, stating that the ship has a completely Indian crew.

Thus, option 3 is the correct answer.

Additional Information

• Options (A), (C), and (D) are directly supported by the information in the passage, while option (B) is not explicitly mentioned.

The correct answer is: B) and (E) Only

Key Points B) Firewalls allow a user to set rules for network traffic.

• Firewalls typically allow administrators to define rules that specify which types of traffic are allowed to enter or leave the network. For example, a rule could be created to allow all web traffic but block all file-sharing traffic.

(E) Firewalls can be used to block access to certain websites.

• Firewalls can be used to block access to specific websites or domains. This is often done to prevent users from accessing inappropriate or malicious content.

(A) Firewalls are only available as hardware devices and only examine traffic entering a network.

• This statement is false. Firewalls can be implemented as either hardware or software, and they can examine both incoming and outgoing traffic.

(C) Firewalls will automatically stop all malicious traffic.

• This statement is false. Firewalls cannot automatically stop all malicious traffic. They can only block traffic that matches the rules that have been defined by the administrator.

(D) Firewalls backup all data that is transmitted around a network.

• This statement is false. Firewalls do not typically have the ability to backup data.

Key Points 

Statement I: Paralinguistic features express emotions and communicate personality traits.

• This statement is correct.
• Paralinguistic features are vocal and non-vocal cues that accompany speech. They include things like tone of voice, pitch, volume, and body language. Paralinguistic features can express emotions and communicate personality traits.
• For example, a person who is speaking in a high-pitched voice may be excited or anxious. A person who is speaking in a low-pitched voice may be sad or depressed. A person who is making a lot of hand gestures may be extroverted and outgoing.

Statement II: The subtle use of vocal inflections can provide special significance to verbal messages.

• This statement is also correct. Vocal inflections are changes in the pitch of the voice. They can be used to emphasize certain words or phrases, or to convey emotions. For example, a person who says "I love you" in a flat monotone may not sound very sincere. A person who says "I love you" in a high-pitched, excited voice may sound very enthusiastic.

Therefore, both statement I and statement II are correct.

Key Points 

The correct sequence of the missing units of data is:

• nibble
• byte
• megaByte (MB)
• gigaByte (GB)
• teraByte (TB)

This sequence represents the increasing size of the units of data, from smallest to largest.

• A nibble is 4 bits.
• A byte is 8 bits.
• A megabyte is 1,048,576 bytes.
• A gigabyte is 1,073,741,824 bytes.
• A terabyte is 1,099,511,627,776 bytes.

Therefore, the correct answer is (D), (A), (C), (B).

Given: 

Amount of milk = 20 litres 

Cost of milk = Rs. 50/litre

Cost of mineral water = Rs. 20/litre

Profit = Rs. 400

Calculation:

Let's assume the quantity of mineral water is w.

The cost of 20 litres of milk = 20 × 50 = 1000

The cost of w litres of mineral water = w × 20

⇒ 20w

The total cost price of the mixture = 1000 + 20w

The selling price of the mixture = 60 × (20 + w)

Profit = Selling price - Cost price

⇒ 400 = 60 × (20 + w) - (1000 + 20w)

⇒ 400 = 1200 + 60w - 1000 - 20w

⇒ 400 = 200 + 40w

⇒ 40w = 200

⇒ w = 5

∴ The amount of water added is 5 litre.

The correct answer is Religious and moral education.

Key Points

• Religious and moral education: This aligns with Besant's Theosophical beliefs and her vision for the college.
• She aimed to revive Hindu Dharma while incorporating elements of Western philosophy and ethics, making both religious and moral education integral components.

The correct answer is the National Academic Depository.

Key Points

• The National Academic Depository (NAD) is an online storehouse of all academic awards like certificates, diplomas, degrees, marksheets etc. It is a digital repository where students can securely store their academic documents and share them with potential employers or educational institutions.
• The NAD was launched by the Ministry of Human Resource Development (MHRD), Government of India, in 2015. It is a safe and secure platform that uses blockchain technology to ensure the authenticity and integrity of the documents stored in it.
• Students can upload their academic documents to the NAD by creating a free account. Once the documents have been uploaded, they can be shared with others using a unique sharing link. The documents can also be downloaded from the NAD at any time.

Key Points 

The Buddhist mode of inter-personal communication emphasizes:

• Symmetrical relations: This means that all participants in the communication process are considered to be equal. There is no hierarchy or power imbalance.
• Consensus through interaction: This means that decisions are made through a process of discussion and negotiation, rather than through coercion or manipulation.
• Verifiability of communication: This means that the information that is communicated is accurate and can be verified.

The other answer choices are not correct:

• Unfettered use of language: This is not a characteristic of the Buddhist mode of inter-personal communication. Buddhists believe that language should be used in a responsible and ethical manner.
• Unintelligible moral frames: This is also not a characteristic of the Buddhist mode of inter-personal communication. Buddhists believe that communication should be clear and understandable.

Therefore, the correct answer is (3) (C), (D) and (E) Only.

Key Points 

The following statements are true about Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs):

• (A) They are extremely widespread and occur from the tropics to the Arctic.
• (B) They often accumulate in food webs and reach toxic concentrations.
• (D) They are widely used as flame retardants and in deodorants.
• (E) Some chemicals used in making non-stick, waterproof and stain-resistant products are categorized as POPs.
• Statement (C) Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) are examples of POPs is not true. VOCs are not POPs.

Therefore, the correct answer is (3) (A), (B), (D) and (E) Only.

The correct answer is 4) Statement I is incorrect but Statement II is correct.

Key PointsStatement (I): Wiki is usually represented in reverse chronological order, whereas blog has a structure determined by content and users.

• Incorrect: While some wikis may use reverse chronological order (where newest entries appear first), this is not always the case. They can be structured differently depending on the specific topic and purpose. Blogs, on the other hand, typically do follow a reverse chronological order, with the most recent posts appearing first.

Statement (II): Blog is usually personal/someone's opinion, whereas a wiki is usually objective.

• Correct: Blogs are often used for personal expression and sharing opinions, while wikis tend to be more objective and collaborative in nature, aiming to provide factual information in a neutral tone. However, there are always exceptions. Some blogs can be objective and informational, and some wikis can have sections for personal opinions or discussions.

Both Statement I and Statement II are incorrect.

Key Points

Statement (I): 'Nyaya' syllogism has three propositions

• Incorrect: While Nyaya philosophy originated in India, its syllogism actually consists of five propositions, not three. These five propositions are:
• Pratigna (Proposition): The statement to be proven.
• Hetu (Reason): The middle term that connects the subject and predicate of the conclusion.
• Udaharana (Example): An illustration or example that supports the reason.
• Upanaya (Application): Applying the reason (middle term) to the subject of the conclusion.
• Nigrahastan (Refutation): Addressing potential counter-arguments and defending the reason.

Statement (II): Aristotelian syllogism has five propositions

• Incorrect: Unlike the Nyaya syllogism, the Aristotelian syllogism  has three propositions:
• Major premise: A general statement about a category or class.
• Minor premise: A specific statement about an individual or instance within that category.
• Conclusion: A logical inference drawn from the two premises.

The correct answer is Fallacy of Composition.

Key Points 

• Fallacy of Composition:
• ​This fallacy occurs when you assume a property that applies to the parts of something must also apply to the whole.
• In this case, the argument assumes that because many celestial bodies we observe are spherical (the parts), the entire universe (the whole) must also be spherical.
• This is not necessarily true. The universe could be infinitely large and have a completely different overall shape despite containing many spherical objects.

The other answer choices are not correct:

• Wheel device: This is a logical fallacy that occurs when someone uses a series of related statements to support a conclusion that is not logically connected to the premises.
• Slippery slope: This is a logical fallacy that occurs when someone argues that a small step in a certain direction will inevitably lead to a much larger and more drastic step in the same direction.
• A red herring: This is a logical fallacy that occurs when someone introduces irrelevant or unrelated information into an argument in order to divert attention away from the main issue.

Given series:

3, 14, 39, 84, 

The logic followed here is,

First term = 1 + 1² + 1³ = 3

Second term = 2 + 2² + 2³ = 14

Third term = 3 + 3² + 3³ = 39

Fourth term = 4 + 4² + 4³ = 84

Fifth term = 5 + 5² + 5³ = 155

∴ The next term is 155.

The correct answer is (A), (C) and (D) Only.

Key Points

• Kautilya: He was an ancient Indian economist, political advisor, writer and strategist.
• Arthashastra: His most famous work, the Arthashastra, focused on statecraft, economics, military strategy, and diplomacy.
• Economics: As the Arthashastra extensively covers economic concepts like taxation, public finance, trade, and welfare, Kautilya is strongly related to economics.
• Commerce: Commerce, the buying and selling of goods and services, is heavily intertwined with economic principles and practices. Understanding economic theories allows for better understanding of commerce.
• Finance: Finance relates to the management of money and other assets. While the Arthashastra doesn't directly address modern finance concepts, it lays the foundation for understanding financial principles in governance and economic systems.
• Library Science and Mathematics: While Kautilya might have had knowledge of these subjects, they weren't his main areas of expertise or focus. The Arthashastra doesn't delve deep into library science or mathematics.

Therefore, based on Kautilya's contributions and the focus of the Arthashastra, the correct answer is (A), (C) and (D) Only.