Bihar B.Ed CET Official Paper (Held On: 08 Apr, 2023) (Previous Year Paper)

The correct answer is 'Agriculture gave birth to new civilizations.'

Key Points

• The passage states that no civilization can become one without passing through the stage of agriculture, indicating that agriculture is foundational for the formation of civilizations.
• Improved agricultural productivity allows people to engage in other activities beyond food production.
• These activities can include building cities and infrastructure, trading, and developing new technologies, which are crucial components of a civilization.
• Therefore, agriculture provides the economic base that enables the development of complex societies, which are necessary for civilizations.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 3'.

The correct answer is 'there were sufficient agricultural products.'

Key Points

• The passage mentions that as agricultural productivity improves, not everyone needs to be involved in food production.
• This surplus in agricultural production allows people to be freed up to pursue other activities.
• These activities contribute to the development of civilization, as individuals can focus on building infrastructure, creating art, and engaging in trade.
• The increased agricultural productivity thus enables the reassignment of labor to other important tasks.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 3'

The correct answer is 'Societies which achieved high productivity in agriculture had the opportunity to find time for other work.'

Key Points

• High productivity in agriculture means that fewer people are needed to produce sufficient food.
• This surplus allows a portion of the population to engage in other productive activities essential for forming civilizations.
• These activities could range from building infrastructure to engaging in trade and creating art.
• The evolution of a highly productive agricultural society is key to transitioning into a civilization.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 1'

The correct answer is 'ideologies, hierarchies and power structures.'

Key Points

• The passage explains that in ancient times, societies developed new ideologies and power structures to convince people to undertake new tasks.
• These new social structures helped mobilize large groups of people for activities beyond agriculture.
• Coercion and persuasion through these hierarchies were fundamental in organizing labor for new productive tasks.
• These systems of governance and belief were necessary to channel labor into building and maintaining a civilization.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 2'

The correct answer is 'Transitioned.'

Key Points

• The word 'transitioned' in the passage is used in the context of societies moving from basic agriculture to high productivity agriculture.
• 'Transitioned' refers to the process of changing from one state or condition to another.
• The passage highlights how this change or shift enables the development of civilization by freeing people to engage in other activities.
• Therefore, 'transitioned' accurately captures the idea of changeover as required in the question.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 1'

The correct answer is 'a hint.'

Key Points

• The idiom "take cue from" means to follow someone's example or take a hint from someone's actions. ( "संकेत लेना")
• The phrase suggests the actress observed her brother and used his behavior or strategies as a guide.
• Example: "She took a cue from her instructor and improved her technique."

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 2'.

 Additional Information

• Option 1: "some help" means providing assistance.
• Option 3: "some money" means financial assistance.
• Option 4: "learnt acting" means acquiring acting skills.

The correct answer is 'A good teacher provides a student with all the useful information.'

Key Points

• The correct prepositional phrase is "provides someone with something."
• The sentence uses the correct structure: subject ("A good teacher"), verb ("provides"), indirect object ("a student"), and prepositional phrase ("with all the useful information").
• Correct use of the preposition "with" makes the sentence complete and unambiguous.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 3'

Additional Information

• Option 1: Incorrect, missing the preposition "with."
• Option 2: Incorrect, misplaces the preposition "to."
• Option 4: Incorrect, includes an extra preposition "to."

The correct answer is 'Red-tapism.'

Key Points

• "Red-tapism" refers to excessive regulation or rigid conformity to formal rules that leads to delay or inaction.
• Example : "The project was delayed due to red-tapism in the government offices."
• It highlights unnecessary complications and bureaucratic hurdles.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 3'.

 Additional Information

• Option 1: "Bureaucracy" is a broader term for systems of government or administration.
• Option 2: "Nepotism" refers to favoritism granted to relatives.
• Option 4: "Diplomacy" refers to managing international relations.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 3'.

The correct answer is 'Emigrant.'

Key Points

• An "emigrant" is a person who leaves their own country to settle in another country.("प्रवासी’)
• Example: "Many emigrants left Europe for America in the 19^th century."
• It emphasizes the act of leaving one's homeland to establish residency elsewhere.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 4'.

 Additional Information

• Option 1: "Foreigner" refers to someone who belongs to a country other than the one they are in.
• Option 2: "Tourist" refers to someone traveling for pleasure.
• Option 3: "Native" refers to a person born in a specified place or associated with a place by birth.

The correct answer is 'wince.'

Key Points

• "Wince" means to give a slight involuntary grimace or shrinking movement out of pain or distress.
• Example  - He couldn't help but wince when the needle pricked his skin
• It conveys an instant reaction to pain, fitting the context of a boxer's reaction.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 1'.

 Additional Information

• Option 2: "gap" is incorrect as it doesn’t relate to the physical reaction to pain.
• Option 3: "grumble" means to complain, irrelevant to a physical pain reaction.
• Option 4: "fumble" means to handle something clumsily, not related to pain reaction.

The correct answer is 'Arise.'

Key Points

• "Arise" means to come into being, to begin to occur, or to get up from sitting or lying.
• It is used in a context where an issue or challenge presents itself, making it appropriate for the sentence.
• Example sentence: "When need arises, we must act."
• Grammatically, it fits the imperative form, calling for immediate attention to a situation.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 1'.

 Additional Information

• Option 2: "Rise" means to move from a lower to a higher position, which is less suited to the context of a danger arising.
• Option 3: "Raise" means to lift or elevate something, not fitting the context of freedom being in danger.
• Option 4: "Arose" is the past tense of arise and is not appropriate in a present imperative context.

The correct answer is 'amateurs.'

Key Points

• "Amateurs" are individuals who engage in a particular activity for pleasure rather than as a profession.
• The sentence contrasts amateurs with professionals, making "amateurs" apt for this sentence.
• Example: "The competition is open to amateurs and professionals alike."
• Grammatically correct as a plural noun, matching "professionals."

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 4'.

 Additional Information

• Option 1: "amateur's" is a possessive form, incorrect in this context.
• Option 2: "matures" is not relevant, as it refers to the process of becoming mature.
• Option 3: "pros" is informal for professionals, doesn't fit well with the need for a contrast.

The correct answer is 'to.'

Key Points

• "To" indicates a limit or boundary, making it suitable to express the limitless nature of human wants.
• Example: "There is no end to the challenges we face."
• Grammatically, it correctly follows "limit" indicating the extent or scope.
• It is essential for the phrase to make sense in describing the endlessness of wants.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 2'.

 Additional Information

• Option 1: "for" is incorrect as it implies purpose rather than extent.
• Option 3: "of" would incorrectly phrase the sentence, not indicating limit.
• Option 4: "off" means away from something, not fitting the context

The correct answer is 'have.'

Key Points

• "Have" indicates a necessity or obligation.
• The context of having no choice emphasizes the requirement to finish on time.
• Example: "You have to complete the assignment by tomorrow."
• Grammatically correct as it aligns with the sense of a definite obligation.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 3'.

 Additional Information

• Option 1: "may have" implies possibility, not necessity.
• Option 2: "could have" implies a past possibility, inappropriate here.
• Option 4: "needn't" implies lack of necessity, contradicting the context.

The correct answer is 'taken after.'

Key Points

• "Taken after" means to resemble someone in appearance or behavior.
• The sentence asks about the girl's resemblance to another person.
• Example sentence: "She has taken after her mother in both looks and talent."
• Fits grammatically as "taken after" is the correct phrasal verb here.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 1'.

Additional Information

• Option 2: "took after" is grammatically incorrect as it's past tense and doesn’t fit the question format.
• Option 3: "taken by" implies being charmed or captivated by someone, not resemblance.
• Option 4: "took by" is incorrect and doesn’t form a meaningful phrase in this context.

सही उत्तर: 'कठिन तपस्या और महान यज्ञ' है।

Key Points

• साहित्य एक गहन अनुशासन और आत्म-त्याग की क्रिया है, जिसे उच्च मानवीय मूल्यों और आत्म-समर्पण की प्रक्रिया के रूप में देखा जाता है।

Additional Informationअन्य विकल्प:

• कठिन साधना और तपस्या: इस विकल्प में साधना का तत्व मिलता है, लेकिन महान यज्ञ की विस्तारपूर्ण व्याख्या नहीं है।
• लेखन का महान यज्ञ: यह साहित्यिक प्रक्रिया को एक धार्मिक या आध्यात्मिक अनुष्ठान के रूप में देखता है लेकिन कठिन तपस्या का उल्लेख नहीं करता।
• लेखन तपस्या और कठिन साधना: इस विकल्प में तपस्या और साधना दोनों शामिल हैं, परंतु 'महान यज्ञ' की विशेषता को नहीं दर्शाया गया है।

सही उत्तर: 'जहाँ व्यक्तित्व के कोई स्वतंत्र विषय नहीं रह जाते'।

Key Points

• उच्च साहित्य की भावभूमि वह है जहाँ लेखक की व्यक्तिगत पसंद या पूर्वाग्रह के लिए कोई स्थान नहीं होता; यह पूर्णतः सामाजिक और मानवीय मूल्यों को साझा करने के लिए समर्पित है।

Additional Informationअन्य विकल्प:

• जहाँ व्यक्ति स्वतंत्र विषय नहीं चुन सकता: यह आंशिक रूप से सही है, लेकिन व्यक्तित्व की सामाजिक योगदान की भूमिका को पूरी तरह नहीं दर्शाता।
• जहाँ लेखक के व्यक्तित्व की स्वतंत्रता नहीं रहती: यह सुझाव देता है कि लेखक की निजी स्वतंत्रता सीमित है जो साहित्यिक रचना के संदर्भ में व्यापक अर्थ नहीं रखता।
• जहाँ व्यक्ति को लिखने की स्वतंत्रता नहीं रहती: यह लेखन की स्वतंत्रता के आधार पर संकीर्ण दृष्टिकोण प्रदान करता है, जबकि मूल पाठ व्यक्तित्व के विषयों की सामूहिक अभाव की ओर इशारा करता है।

सही उत्तर: आत्म प्रेरणा से।

Key Points

• उच्च स्तर के क्रियाकलाप उस प्रेरणा से होते हैं जो व्यक्ति के भीतर से आती है; जिसका स्रोत उनका अपना आंतरिक जगत होता है।

Additional Informationअन्य विकल्प:

• आत्मानुभव से: आत्मानुभव, व्यक्तिगत अनुभवों के आधार पर होता है, परंतु उच्च स्तर के क्रियाकलापों के लिए प्रेरणा का प्रमुख स्रोत नहीं है।
• आत्म कथन से: आत्म कथन, व्यक्ति के अपने जीवन का वर्णन होता है, जो यहाँ प्रासंगिक नहीं है।
• आत्मावलोकन से: आत्मावलोकन, खुद की गहराई से अवलोकन और चिंतन प्रक्रिया है, जबकि यह उपयोगी है, लेकिन उच्च स्तर के क्रियाकलापों के लिए सीधे तौर पर प्रेरणास्पद नहीं होता।

इसका सही उत्तर भारतवर्ष में है।

• पारंपरिक भारतीय साहित्य में, आत्मकथा लिखने की परिपाटी कम देखने को मिलती है, क्योंकि यह व्यक्तिवाद की तुलना में सामूहिकता और सात्विक जीवन मूल्यों पर अधिक बल देता है।

Key Pointsअन्य विकल्प:

• उत्तर प्रदेश में: उत्तर प्रदेश भारत का एक राज्य है, इसलिए इस विकल्प का साहित्यिक परंपरा से कोई सीधा संबंध नहीं है।
• रूस में: रूसी साहित्य में आत्मकथा लिखने की एक समृद्ध परिपाटी है, जिसमें व्यक्तिगत अनुभवों और इतिहास की महत्वपूर्ण घटनाओं को दर्शाया गया है।
• अमेरिका में: अमेरिकी साहित्य में व्यक्तिवाद और स्वतंत्रता के विचारों को महत्व दिया जाता है, जिसके परिणामस्वरूप आत्मकथा लेखन की एक प्रस्तावन परिपाटी है।

इसका सही उत्तर 'आत्मकथा को' है।

• हिंदी साहित्य में, आत्मकथा विधा को कुछ मामलों में पाखंड कहा गया है, खासकर जब इसे सतही आत्म-प्रशंसा या अपनी छवि को संवारने के माध्यम के रूप में देखा जाता है।

Key Pointsअन्य विकल्प:

• गाथा को: गाथा, एक प्राचीन और मान्यताप्राप्त साहित्यिक रूप है, जिसे पाखंड कहे जाने का कोई उल्लेख नहीं है, बल्कि यह उच्च भावनात्मक और ऐतिहासिक मूल्यों को दर्शाता है।
• आत्मप्रेरित संस्मरण को: यह व्यक्तिगत अनुभवों और यादों का संग्रह होता है, जिसे आमतौर पर साहित्यिक या ऐतिहासिक महत्व की वृत्तांतों के लिए सराहा जाता है।
• इनमें से कोई नहीं: यह विकल्प विषयवस्तु से संबंधित सीधी पूछताछ के लिए होता है और इसका इस्तेमाल किसी विशिष्ट साहित्यिक विधि को कूटनीतिक या संवादात्मक प्रकार से समझने के लिए किया जा सकता है।

दैवज्ञ का अर्थ है: ज्योतिषी। अन्य विकल्प गलत उत्तर हैं। 

Key Points

• दैवज्ञ का अर्थ है: ज्योतिषी।
• वाक्य प्रयोग - स्वामी नारायण कुशल दैवज्ञ हैं।

अन्य विकल्प - 

Additional Information

अत्यधिक शब्द यहाँ शुद्ध और सार्थक शब्द है।

• शुद्ध शब्द :**अत्यधिक (**हद से ज़्यादा)
• अशुद्ध   : अत्याधिक

Key Points

• अशुद्ध - शुद्ध
• आधीन - अधीन
• व्यवहारिक - व्यावहारिक
• मिष्ठान्न -- मिष्टान्न

उपरोक्त विकल्पों में से आचार्य भोजराज ने श्रृंगार रस को रसराज कहा गया है। अन्य विकल्प असंगत है। 

Key Points

Additional Information

‘तेल देखो तेल की धार देखो’ लोकोक्ति का सही अर्थ है – रुख पहचानना। अन्य विकल्प असंगत हैं। 

Key Points

स्पष्टीकरण:

Additional Information

दिए गए विकल्पों में से सही उत्तर  'गौण’ है। अन्य विकल्प इसके गलत उत्तर हैं। 

Key Points

• दिए गए विकल्पों में से 'मुख्य' शब्द का उचित विलोम शब्द 'गौण' होगा।
• मुख्य के पर्यायवाची शब्द हैं - आवश्यक, महत्त्वपूर्ण, प्राथमिक
• गौण के पर्यायवाची शब्द हैं - अप्रसांगिक, अप्रधान, अप्रमुख, सहायक।।

अन्य विकल्प: 

Additional Information

उपरोक्त विकल्पों में 'कमल' का पर्यायवाची शब्द अम्बुज है। 

• कमल के पर्यायवाची: अम्बुज, सरसिज, नलिन, पुष्कर, पुण्डरीक, पद्म, पंकज, नीरज, सरोज।

Key Points

Additional Information

हिमालय से गंगा निकलती है - इस वाक्य में अलगाव का भाव प्रदर्शित होने से अपादान कारक हुआ है।

Key Points

• चाक़ू से फल काटो इस वाक्य में चाक़ू एक साधन के रूप में प्रयुक्त हुई है - अतः करण कारक होगा।
• राम ने रावण को तीर मारा - इस वाक्य में को चिन्ह से कर्म कारक की पहचान हुई है।
• मोहन से अब सहा नहीं जाता - इस वाक्य में करण कारक का भाव प्रदर्शित होता है।

Additional Information

'रेलगाड़ी' शब्द है :- संकर

Key Points

संकर शब्द -दो भाषाओं के संयोग से बने शब्द ‘संकर शब्द‘ कहलाते हैं।

जैसे:-

(1) रेलगाड़ी - इन अक्षर मेंदो भाषाओं का समावेश हैः रेल (अंग्रेजी) + गाड़ी (हिन्दी) ]

(2) जाँचकर्ता - इसमें भी दो भाषाओं का प्रयोग होता है: जाँच (अंग्रेजी) + कर्ता (संस्कृत) ]

Important Pointsउत्पत्ति के आधार पर शब्द चार प्रकार के हैं-

(1) तत्सम शब्द (2)तद्भव शब्द (3)देशी/देशज शब्द (4) विदेशी शब्द

1) तत्सम शब्द- किसी भी भाषा के मूल शब्द या शुद्ध शब्द को ‘तत्सम शब्द‘ कहते हैं। जबकि संस्कृत भाषा के शुद्ध शब्द को कहते है। जैसेः– आम्र, अंक्षि, कर्पूर इत्यादि।

2) तद्भव शब्द- शुद्ध शब्द या मूल शब्द के आधार पर उत्पन्न शब्द ‘तद्भव शब्द‘ कहलाते हैं।

जैसेः– आम, आँख, कपूर आदि।

3) देशी/देशज शब्द- जिन शब्दों की उत्पत्ति हमारे देश की भाषाओं से हुई है, उन्हें ‘देशी शब्द‘ कहा जाता है। जैसे:- लोटा, डोसा, इटली

4) विदेशी शब्द- विदेशी भाषाओं के शब्द ‘विदेशी‘ कहलाते हैं। जैसे:– अलमीरा, आलपीन

सही उत्तर है - "द्विगु" l

Key Points

• ‘त्रिफला’ का समास विग्रह है - तीन फलों का समाहार l
• 'त्रिफला' द्विगु समास का उदाहरण है।

Additional Informationविशेष

लेखक शब्द के अंत में अक प्रत्यय लगा हुआ है। अन्य विकल्प असंगत है। 

Key Points

• लेखक संस्कृत [संज्ञा पुल्लिंग]  लिखने वाला व्यक्ति ; लेखन कार्य करने वाला व्यक्ति।
• इक’ प्रत्यय से बनने वाले अन्य शब्द - धार्मिक, मासिक, वार्षिक, वैयक्तिक आदि।

Important Points

Additional Information

Let's analyze each cluster:

Option 1).  

⇒ There is addition of a certain numbers but alternatively.

Option 2).  

⇒ There is addition of a certain numbers but alternatively.

Option 3).  

⇒ There is subtraction of a certain number but alternatively.

Option 4).  

⇒ There is addition of a certain numbers but alternatively.

Hence, "YTSR" is different from others.

Given: Total number of students = 40.

Sheela’s rank from the right side = Saurabh’s rank from the right side - 5.

⇒ 18 - 5 = 13.

Sheela’s rank from the left side = Total - Sheela’s rank from the right side + 1

= 40 - 13 + 1 = 41 - 13 = 28.

Hence, Sheela’s rank from the left end of the row is 28.

Given: A man walking towards east takes a 270° clockwise turn and starts walking.

Hence, the man is now facing in "North" direction.

Logic: In all the numbers 10 is added but alternatively.

So, the next term in the series will be "10".

Logic: Each image has a certain shape and number of lines are decreasing in the very next image. Also, second image given inside that has one adjacent line is lesser than it.

⇒ 

So, According to the logic, next image will be triangle and second would have one line less.

⇒ 

Hence, the correct answer is "D".

Let's count triangle of the given image,

Hence, there are total 15 triangle in the given figure.

Let's count the total square,

Hence, the total number of squares is 15 in the given figure.

Given: 

• Anil walks a distance of 03 km. towards north, then turns to his left and walks.02 km.
• At this point he turns to his left and walks for 03 km.

Hence, Anil is 1 km away from from his starting point.

Arranged Words in a Meaningful Sequence

3. Member
4. Family
5. Community
6. Locality
7. Country

Hence, the required sequence is "3, 1, 2, 4, 5".

Logic: The relationship between "Scissors" and "Cloth" is that scissors are used to cut cloth.

The related word pair should have a similar relationship where an item is used to cut another material.

Option 1) Axe : Wood → Axe is used to cut wood

Option 2) Stone: Grinder → A grinder is used to grind stone.

Option 3) Knife : Stone → A knife can be used to cut certain things, but it is typically not used to cut stone

Hence, the correct answer is "Axe : Wood".

Logic: In the pervious alphabet, 1 is added in the positional value to get the required set of alphabets.

But the second and third alphabet is applying logic diagonally.

GUN is coded as HVO is shown as below,

Similarly, PEN will be coded as QOF.

Hence, the correct answer is "QOF".

Statement: Should students study in early hours of morning?

Arg 1: Yes, mind is fresh and alert at that time.

Explanation: This argument is strong because it provides a clear and relevant benefit of studying in the early morning hours. It highlights the freshness and alertness of the mind, which can improve concentration and learning efficiency.

Arg 2: No, early risers feel sleepy throughout the day.

Explanation: This argument is weaker because it assumes that all early risers will feel sleepy throughout the day, which may not be universally true. The impact of waking up early varies from person to person, and some may adjust their schedules to avoid feeling sleepy.

Conclusion:

The first argument is strong because it provides a direct benefit related to studying efficiency.

The second argument is weaker as it makes a general assumption that may not apply to everyone.

Hence, the correct answer is "Only Arg. 1 is strong

Logic: Add the digits of each number and subtract that sum form maximum to minimum of each equation. Then that sum is equal to RHS.

⇒ 84 × 13 = 8 

⇒ (8 + 4) - (1 + 3) = 12 - 4 = 8 = 8 (RHS)

Now, check for the other equation,

⇒ 37 × 13 = 6

⇒ (3 + 7) - (1 + 3) = 10 - 4 = 6 = 6 (RHS)

Similar logic will be applied in the required equation, 

⇒ 56 × 22 = ?

⇒ (5 + 6) - (2 + 2)

⇒ 11 - 4 = 7

Hence, the correct answer is "7".

Checking with the options,

Option 1). -, +, -

⇒ 8 - 8 + 2 - 1 = 10 - 9 = 1 ≠ 14

Option 2). -, /, × 

⇒ 8 - 8 ÷ 2 × 1 = 8 - 4 = 4 ≠ 14

Option 3).  ×, /, - 

⇒ 8 × 8 ÷ 2 - 1 = 8 × 4 - 1 = 32 - 1 = 31 ≠ 14

Option 4). +, -, × 

⇒ 8 + 8 - 2 × 1 = 16 - 2 ⇒ 14 = 14 (RHS)

Hence, the correct answer is "+, -, ".

Logic: Opposite numbers outside the circle are multiplied with each other and then add to get the number which is given in the circle.

First Figure -  

⇒ (5 × 6) + (4 × 3) = 30 + 12 = 42

Third Figure - 

⇒ (3 × 6) + (9 × 2) = 18 + 18 = 36

Similarly, 

Second Figure - 

⇒ (8 × 2) + (7 × 5) = 16 + 35 = 51

So, the final figure is as follow,

Hence, the correct answer is "51".

The correct answer is "pages".

Pages: Essential for the physical existence of a traditional book. Without pages, it wouldn't be a book but perhaps a different form of content like a scroll, a document, or an e-book.

Story: Not all books contain stories. Examples include textbooks, reference books, and manuals.

Binding: While common, binding is not universal. Some books, such as spiral-bound or loose-leaf books, might not have traditional binding.

Content: Content is essential, but content alone without pages does not constitute a book in the traditional sense. An e-book, for example, has content but no pages.

The given words are arranged as your action of "Visiting a Doctor".

They must be arranged in the order in the sequence they will occur.

5. Patient
6. Doctor
7. Diagnosis
8. Treatment
9. Bill

Hence, the correct sequence is "5, 3, 4, 2, 1".

Logic: Positional value of alphabets are increasing by 1 and numbers are decreasing by 3.

Hence, the correct answer is "W26".

Given:

Ladder's length = 30m

Wall's height = 15m

Concept used:

In trigonometry,

In right angled triangle,

Sin θ = perpendicular/hypotenuse

Calculation:

Here, perpendicular = Wall's height = 15m

Hypotenuse = Ladder's length = 30m

Sin θ = perpendicular/hypotenuse

⇒  Sin θ = 15/30 = 1/2

⇒  Sin θ = sin 30º

⇒ θ = 30º

∴ Option 2 is correct.

Concept:

Let us consider sequence a1, a2, a3 …. an is an A.P.

• Common difference “d”= a2 – a1 = a3 – a2 = …. = an – an – 1
• nth term of the A.P. is given by an = a + (n – 1) d
• Sum of the first n terms = Sn =$\rm \frac n 2$ [2a + (n − 1) × d]= $\rm \frac n 2$(a + l)

Where, a = First term, d = Common difference, n = number of terms, an = nth term and l = Last term

Calculation:

Here 1^st term = a = 102 (Which is the 1^st term greater than 100 that is divisible by 6.) 

The last term less than 400, Which is divisible by 6 is 396. 

Terms in the AP; 102, 108, 114 … 396

Now

First term = a = 102

Common difference = d = 108 - 102 = 6

n^th term = 396

As we know, n^th term of AP = a_n = a + (n – 1) d

⇒ 396 = 102 + (n - 1) × 6

⇒ 294 = (n - 1) × 6

⇒ (n - 1) = 49

∴ n = 50

Now,

Sum =  $\rm \frac n 2$(a + l) =  $\rm \frac {50}{2}$(102 + 396) = 25 × 498 = 12450.

Concept:

Median: The median is the middle number in a sorted- ascending or descending list of numbers.

Case 1: If the number of observations (n) is even

${\rm{Median;}} = {\rm{;}}\frac{{{\rm{value;of;}}{{\left( {\frac{{\rm{n}}}{2}} \right)}^{{\rm{th}}}}{\rm{;observation;}} + {\rm{;;value;of;}}{{\left( {\frac{{\rm{n}}}{2}{\rm{;}} + 1} \right)}^{{\rm{th}}}}{\rm{;observation}}}}{2}$

Case 2: If the number of observations (n) is odd

${\rm{Median;}} = {\rm{value;of;}}{\left( {\frac{{{\rm{n}} + 1}}{2}} \right)^{{\rm{th}}}}{\rm{;observation}}$

Calculation:

Given values 2, 6, 6, 8, 4, 2, 7, 9

Arrange the observations in ascending order:

2, 2, 4, 6, 6, 7, 8, 9

Here, n = 8 = even

As we know, If n is even then,

${\rm{Median;}} = {\rm{;}}\frac{{{\rm{value;of;}}{{\left( {\frac{{\rm{n}}}{2}} \right)}^{{\rm{th}}}}{\rm{;observation;}} + {\rm{;;value;of;}}{{\left( {\frac{{\rm{n}}}{2}{\rm{;}} + 1} \right)}^{{\rm{th}}}}{\rm{;observation}}}}{2}$

= $\rm \frac{4^{th} ;\text{observation}+5^{th} ;\text{observation}}{2}$

= $\frac{6+6}{2} =6$

Hence Median = 6

In each of the ranges 0-9, 10-19, 20-29, 40-49, 50-59, 60-69, 70-79, 80-89, 90-99, the digit 3 appears once.

Thus, there are 9 3’s in all.

Now, in the range 30-39, the digit 3 appears once in each of the numbers except for 33 where it appears twice.

There are 10 numbers in the range 30-39.

Thus, we get 9 + 2 = 11 3’s.

Therefore, total number of 3’s = 9 + 11 = 20

Hence, the correct answer is 20.

Given:

A Venn diagram depicting sets A, B, and the universal set U.

Concept Used:

Subset relationships in Venn diagrams.

Explanation:

The diagram shows that all elements of set A are within set B.

Evaluation of Options:

• A is a subset of B: This means all elements of A are within B. The Venn diagram confirms this relationship.
• B is a subset of A: This would mean all elements of B are within A, which is not shown by the Venn diagram.
• U is a subset of A and B: The universal set U includes all possible elements, so it cannot be a subset of any specific set.
• U is a subset of A: Similar to option 3, the universal set U cannot be a subset of a specific set.

The correct answer is option 1: A is a subset of B.

An argument is a set of statements that consists of a conclusion and the statements said by the arguer to lead to that conclusion.

Premises are the statements that lead to the conclusion.

Given Statements:

Statement I: To obvert a proposition, we change its quality and replace the predicate term with its complement.

Statement II: Obversion is valid for any standard form categorical proposition.

Analysis:

• Statement I: True. Obversion involves changing the quality and replacing the predicate with its complement.
• Statement II: True. Obversion is valid for all standard form categorical propositions.

Conclusion:

Both statements I and II are true.

Hence, the correct Answer is (1) Both statement I and statement II are true.

The correct answer is Tortoise

Explanation:

• A tortoise is not a true amphibian animal. Tortoises are reptiles, whereas frogs, toads, and salamanders are true amphibians.
• Tortoises have dry, scaly skin and lay their eggs on land. They do not undergo metamorphosis and do not have a stage of their life cycle in water.
• They are mostly terrestrial and adapted for a dry environment.
• Tortoises are not true amphibians because they do not have the life cycle and physiological characteristics typical of amphibians.

Amphibians

• Amphibians can live in aquatic as well as terrestrial habitats.
• Most of the amphibians have two pairs of limbs.
• The amphibian's skin remains moist(without scales).
• The heart of an amphibian is three-chambered.

Examples of amphibian are:

• Bufo (Toad).
• Rana (Frog).
• Hyla (Tree frog).
• Salamandra (Salamander).
• Ichthyophis (Limbless amphibia).

The correct answer is High pressure, low temperature

Explanation:

• High pressure: Applying high pressure to a gas decreases the volume available for gas molecules to move around.

This increased density of gas particles encourages intermolecular interactions, making it easier for the gas to transition into a liquid state.

• Low temperature: Lowering the temperature reduces the kinetic energy of the gas molecules.

When molecules move slower, they are more likely to stick together when they collide, promoting the formation of a liquid.

 Key Points

• High pressure: Increasing the external pressure on a gas forces the molecules closer together, increasing the chance of intermolecular attractions and phase change to a liquid.
• Low temperature: Cooling a gas decreases the kinetic energy of its molecules, making it easier for them to coalesce into a liquid. Lower temperatures mean molecules are less energetic and more likely to attract each other.

Therefore, the most favourable condition for converting a gas into a liquid is a combination of high pressure and low temperature. High pressure compresses the gas, and low temperature reduces the kinetic energy, both factors contributing to the condensation of the gas into a liquid.

Explanation:

Kepler's Third Law (Law of Harmonies) Formula:

The formula for Kepler's Third Law is:

$\frac{T^2}{a^3} = \text{constant}$

Where:

• T represents the orbital period of the planet (the time it takes for the planet to complete one full orbit around the sun).
• a represents the semi-major axis of the planet's orbit (average distance from the sun).

In a simplified form, for any two planets orbiting the same star (including the sun), Kepler's Third Law can be written as:

$\frac{T_1^2}{a_1^3} = \frac{T_2^2}{a_2^3}$

Where:

• T1 and T2 are the orbital periods of two different planets.
• a1 and a2 are the semi-major axes of their orbits.

 Key Points

• Kepler's First Law (Law of Ellipses): The orbit of a planet around the sun is an ellipse with the sun at one of the two foci.
• Kepler's Second Law (Law of Equal Areas): A line segment joining a planet and the sun sweeps out equal areas during equal intervals of time, meaning that planets move faster when they are closer to the sun and slower when they are farther from the sun.
• Kepler's Third Law (Law of Harmonies): The square of the orbital period of a planet is directly proportional to the cube of the semi-major axis of its orbit, which can be expressed as $T^2 \propto r^3$ , where T is the orbital period and r is the semi-major axis.

Therefore, the orbits of planets around the sun are described by Kepler's laws.

The correct answer is Non-metals

Explanation:

• Non-metals: These are elements that generally have poor electrical and thermal conductivity.

Unlike metals, non-metals do not have free electrons that facilitate the flow of electric current or heat.

Examples of non-metals include sulfur, carbon in the form of diamond and gases like oxygen and nitrogen.

Exception Graphite which is good conductor of electricity

 Key Points

• Metals: Known for their excellent conductivity of heat and electricity, metals have free electrons that can move easily through the metal's lattice structure. Examples include copper, aluminum, and gold.
• Gases: While some gases can be poor conductors, they are generally not classified for their conductivity properties in the same manner as solid elements. Many gases are non-metals, such as oxygen and nitrogen.
• Non-metals: These elements are typically insulators. They have tightly bound electrons that do not move freely, making them poor conductors. Common non-metals like phosphorus and sulfur exemplify these insulating properties.

Therefore, non-metals are the type of elements that are generally poor conductors of heat and electricity.

The correct answer is Electronic configuration

Explanation:

Electronic configuration:

• ​This refers to the arrangement of electrons in an atom's orbitals.
• It follows a specific order based on increasing energy levels and is governed by principles such as the Aufbau principle, Hund's rule, and the Pauli exclusion principle.

 Key Points

• Electronic configuration: Specifies how electrons are distributed in the atomic orbitals of an atom. For example, the electronic configuration of carbon (atomic number 6) is 1s² 2s² 2p².
• Aufbau Principle: Electrons fill atomic orbitals beginning from the lowest energy level to the highest, ensuring that lower-energy orbitals are filled before higher ones.
• Hund's Rule: Electrons will fill degenerate orbitals (orbitals at the same energy level) singly before pairing up to ensure maximum spin multiplicity.
• Pauli Exclusion Principle: No two electrons in an atom can have the same set of four quantum numbers, meaning each electron in an atom has a unique state.

The electronic configuration of an atom determines its chemical properties and how it will interact with other atoms.

The correct answer is Ultra short radio waves

Explanation:

• J.C. Bose: Jagadish Chandra Bose was an Indian physicist, biologist, botanist, and an early writer of science fiction. He is considered one of the pioneers in the field of radio and microwave optics.
• Ultra short radio waves: J.C. Bose conducted pioneering research on the propagation of electromagnetic waves, including ultra short radio waves.

His work demonstrated the behavior of these waves, which laid the groundwork for the development of wireless communication technology.

 Key Points

• J.C. Bose: Known for his groundbreaking experiments in the field of microwave optics and plant physiology, he was one of the first to use semiconductor junctions to detect radio signals.
• Ultra short radio waves: These are electromagnetic waves with very short wavelengths, which Bose extensively studied. His research contributed significantly to the development of radio technology.

J.C. Bose's discoveries in the realm of ultra short radio waves had a profound impact on modern communication systems, and his work is still recognized and celebrated in the field of physics and beyond.

The correct answer is Food vacuole

Explanation:

• In an amoeba, food is digested in the food vacuole.
• When an amoeba engulfs food particles using its pseudopodia, the food particles are enclosed within a food vacuole, where digestive enzymes break down the food into nutrients that the amoeba can absorb.

Key Points

• Amoeba is a single-celled microscopic organism found in pond water.
• In its cytoplasm, the amoeba has a cell membrane, a rounded, dense nucleus, and numerous small bubble-like vacuoles.
• Amoeba constantly changes their shape and position.
• It pushes out one, or more finger-like projections, called pseudopodia (false feet) for movement and capture of food.
• Amoeba feeds on some microscopic organisms.
• When it senses food, it pushes out pseudopodia around the food particle and engulfs it.
• Amoeba takes in food using temporary finger-like extensions of the cell surface which fuse over the food particle forming a food vacuole.
• Complex substances are broken down inside the food vacuole into simpler ones, which then diffuse into the cytoplasm.
• The remaining undigested material is moved to the surface of the cell and thrown out.

The correct answer is Cytoplasm

Explanation:

Glycolysis:

• The term glycolysis has originated from the Greek words, glycos for sugar, and lysis for splitting.
• The scheme of glycolysis was given by Gustav Embden, Otto Meyerhof, and J. Parnas, and is often referred to as the EMP pathway.
• In anaerobic organisms, it is the only process in respiration.
• Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell and is present in all living organisms.
• In this process, glucose undergoes partial oxidation to form two molecules of pyruvic acid.
• In plants, this glucose is derived from sucrose, which is the end product of photosynthesis, or from storage carbohydrates.
• Sucrose is converted into glucose and fructose by the enzyme, invertase, and these two monosaccharides readily enter the glycolytic pathway.
• Glucose and fructose are phosphorylated to give rise to glucose-6- phosphate by the activity of the enzyme hexokinase.
• This phosphorylated form of glucose then isomerizes to produce fructose-6- phosphate.
• Subsequent steps of metabolism of glucose and fructose are the same.
• In glycolysis, a chain of ten reactions, under the control of different enzymes, takes place to produce pyruvate from glucose.

The correct answer is Earthworm

Explanation:

• The organism that breathes through its skin is the earthworm. Earthworms have a moist, permeable skin through which gas exchange (oxygen and carbon dioxide) occurs, allowing them to "breathe" directly through their skin.
• They lack specialized respiratory organs like lungs or gills.For skin respiration to be effective, the skin must remain moist.
• Mucus and coelomic fluid (body fluid) keep their skin damp, which helps dissolve oxygen from the environment.
• Oxygen diffuses through the moist skin directly into the blood vessels beneath the skin, and carbon dioxide diffuses out.

Additional Information

Snake:

• Snakes breathe through their lungs. They have a pair of lungs, but some species have a reduced or even non-functional left lung. Air is inhaled through their nostrils or mouth, travels down the trachea, and reaches the lungs where gas exchange occurs.
• Some aquatic snakes can absorb a small amount of oxygen through their skin, but this is not their primary method of respiration.

Monkey:

• Monkeys, like other mammals, have a complex respiratory system that includes lungs, trachea, and a diaphragm muscle.
• Air is inhaled through the nose or mouth, travels through the trachea, into the bronchi, and finally reaches the alveoli in the lungs where gas exchange occurs.
• Their respiratory system is well-adapted for breathing air in terrestrial environments.

Humans:

• Humans also rely on lungs for respiration. The process is similar to that in monkeys, involving the nasal passages, trachea, bronchi, and alveoli for gas exchange.
• The diaphragm and intercostal muscles help in expanding and contracting the lungs to inhale and exhale air efficiently.

The correct answer is All of the above

Concept:

Ecosystem:

• It is a self-contaminated unit of living things (plants, animals, and decomposes), and their non-living environment (soil, air, and water).
• Examples of ecosystems are grassland, forest, desert, mountain, ponds, and seas.

All ecosystems are made up of two main components:

• Abiotic components
• Biotic components

Abiotic components

• The abiotic components of an ecosystem include the physical environment like soil, water, and air along with the inorganic substances like carbon dioxide, nitrogen, oxygen, water, etc.
• The physical factors or climatic factors like light, temperature, pressure, and humidity are also considered abiotic components of the ecosystem.

Biotic components

• The biotic components of an ecosystem are a community of organisms, which is made up of many different interdependent populations.

The biotic community of an ecosystem includes three types of organisms:-

• Producer organisms
• Consumer organisms
• Decomposer organisms

The correct answer is Genetic, species and ecosystem

Explanation:

The three levels of biodiversity are widely recognized as:-

• Genetic Diversity: Refers to the variety of genetic information within and between populations of species. It includes the different genes and combinations of genes found within a species, which allows populations to adapt to changing environments and contributes to the overall resilience of species.
• Species Diversity: Refers to the variety of species within a habitat or a region. This includes the number of different species (species richness) and the relative abundance of each species (species evenness). High species diversity often indicates a healthy, resilient ecosystem.
• Ecosystem Diversity: Refers to the variety of ecosystems in a particular area. This includes the different habitats, biological communities, and ecological processes, as well as the variation within individual ecosystems.

Therefore, the correct answer is Genetic, species and ecosystem

The correct answer is Decrease in solubility on decreasing pressure

Explanation:

• Decrease in solubility on decreasing pressure: Carbon dioxide (CO₂) is dissolved in soda water under high pressure.

When the bottle is sealed, the gas remains dissolved due to this pressure.

However, upon opening the bottle, the pressure is released, reducing the solubility of CO₂ in the water, causing it to escape as bubbles, producing the fizz.

 Key Points

• Solubility and pressure: The solubility of gases in liquids increases with an increase in pressure. This is explained by Henry's Law, which states that at constant temperature, the amount of gas dissolved in a liquid is directly proportional to the partial pressure of the gas above the liquid.
• Release of pressure: When a soda bottle is opened, the external pressure drops to atmospheric pressure, causing a rapid decrease in the solubility of CO₂ in the soda. This results in the escape of CO₂ as fizz.
• Fizz in soda: The characteristic fizz is due to the rapid release of CO₂ gas from the liquid when the pressure is decreased, forming bubbles that rise to the surface.

Thus, the fizz observed when a bottle of soda water is opened is due to the decrease in solubility of carbon dioxide when the pressure is decreased.

The correct answer is Dolphins

Explanation:

• Dolphins are the most intelligent mammals on earth.
• Studies show that they are capable of complex problem solving and have the ability to learn as an individual.
• They can also pass the knowledge onto others.
• Dolphins have highly-developed brains. Research shows that dolphins mirror self-recognition, cultural learning, comprehension of symbol-based communication systems, and an understanding of abstract concepts  comparable to chimpanzees and other great apes.
• Dolphins use echolocation for hunting. They emit "clicks" which work on the principle of echo.
• Dolphins analyzes the echo from the reflected objects as quickly as they keep on swimming.
• Their echolocation can even help them know the kind and size of the objects.

Additional InformationWhales:

• Whales, particularly certain species like orcas and humpbacks, exhibit complex social structures, sophisticated hunting techniques, and vocalizations that may resemble a form of language. They also demonstrate behaviors that suggest cultural transmission of knowledge.
• Key Examples: Orcas use coordinated hunting strategies and appear to pass on specific hunting skills to their young.

Elephants:

• Elephants are known for their strong memory, social complexity, and emotional depth. They demonstrate behaviors such as mourning their dead, using tools, and showing cooperative problem-solving. Elephants also display self-awareness, as evidenced by mirror tests.
• Elephants have been observed using branches to swat flies or scratching themselves, as well as understanding complex tasks in experimental settings.

Kangaroo:

• While kangaroos are social animals with some capacity for problem-solving, their cognitive abilities are not as extensively documented or considered as advanced as those of whales, dolphins, or elephants. They have not shown the same levels of tool use, complex communication, or self-awareness in studies available to date.

The correct answer is Insects

Explanation:

• Entomology is the scientific study of insects.
• The term "Entomology" is derived from the Greek words "Entomon," meaning "insect," and "logia," which means "the study of."
• Entomologists, those who study entomology, explore various aspects of insect life, including their classification, life cycle, distribution, behavior, and their impact on the environment and human life

Behaviour of Human Beings:

• This is studied in the fields of psychology and sociology, not entomology.

The Origin and History of Technical and Scientific Terms:

• This area of study falls under etymology, not entomology. Etymology is the study of the origin of words and how their meanings have evolved over time.

The Formation of Rocks:

• This is the realm of geology, specifically a subfield called petrology.

Additional Information

The correct answer is Gigahertz.

Key Points 

• The speed of a computer is measured in terms of its processor (CPU) clock speed.
• Clock speed determines how quickly the CPU retrieves and interprets instructions.
• Clock speeds are measured in gigahertz (GHz).
• A higher number indicates a higher clock speed.
• For example, a CPU with a clock speed of 3.5 GHz can complete 3.5 billion cycles per second.
• The clock speed is determined by a crystal oscillator in the computer.
• This oscillator provides a signal known as the clock signal.
• The clock signal sets the pace for the CPU to complete one cycle.
• For instance, a CPU operating at 1 GHz completes 1 billion cycles per second.

The correct answer is Silicon.

Key Points

• The full form of IC Chips is integrated circuit chips.
• It is made up of semiconductor material which is normally silicon.
• It is called an integrated circuit because the components, circuits, and base material are all made together, or integrated, out of a single piece of silicon, as opposed to a discrete circuit in which the components are made separately from different materials and assembled later.
• The first monolithic IC chip was invented by Robert Noyce of Fairchild Semiconductor.

Additional Information

• The period of the third generation was from 1965-1971. The computers of the third generation used Integrated Circuits (ICs) in place of transistors.
• A single IC has many transistors, resistors, and capacitors along with the associated circuitry.

The correct answer is All of these.

Key Points

• Computer systems include the computer along with any software and peripheral devices that are necessary to make the computer function.
• The complete computer system is made up of the CPU, memory, and related electronics (hardware), all the peripheral devices connected to it, and its operating system (software).

The correct answer is All of these.

Key Points

• The central problem of the economy 
• What is produced and in what quantities?
• For whom are these goods produced?
• How are these goods produced?
• It depends on the society on how many and which types of goods are to be produced. Whether to produce more of food, clothing, and housing or to have more luxury goods. Whether to have more agricultural goods or to have industrial products and services. Whether to use more resources in research and health or to use more resources in building military services.
• Every society has to decide the method and factors of production for each of the different goods and services. Whether it'll be labor-intensive or more machine-intensive. Which of the available technologies to adopt in the production of each of the goods?
• How allocation of goods is done in an Economy. Who gets more and who gets less? Whether or not to ensure a minimum amount of consumption for everyone in the economy. Whether or not elementary education and basic health services should be available freely for everyone in the economy.
• Hence the central problem of the economy involves all the options above.

The correct answer is Tirtha

• The group of 18 officers of Chandragupta Maurya was called the Tirthas.
• They were high-ranking officials who played a key role in the Mauryan administration, advising the emperor and overseeing various administrative functions.
• This elite group was crucial for efficient governance, although primary texts like the Arthashastra do not explicitly mention the term 'Tirthas,' their role in the bureaucracy is well-documented through historical sources.

The correct answer is iv, i, ii, iii

Key Points

• The correct chronological order is:
• Russian Revolution: 1917
• Soviet invasion of Afghanistan: 1979
• Fall of the Berlin Wall: 1989
• Disintegration of the Soviet Union: 1991

The correct answer is Prajapati.

Key Points

• In the Later Vedic period, the two outstanding Rig Vedic Gods, Indra, and Agni lost their former importance.
• On the other hand, Prajapati, the creator, came to occupy the supreme position in the later Vedic pantheon.
• Some of the other minor Gods of the Rig Vedic period also came to the forefront Rudra, the god of animals, became important in later Vedic times and Vishnu came to be conceived as the preserver and protector of the people who now led a settled life instead of a semi-nomadic life as they did in Rig Vedic times.
• In addition, some symbolic objects began to be worshipped, and we notice signs of idolatry in later Vedic times.
• As society became divided into social classes such as Brahmanas, Kshatriyas, vaishyas, and Shudras, some of the social orders came to have their own deities.
• Pushan, who was supposed to look after cattle, came to be regarded as the God of the Shudras.
• People worshipped Gods for the same material reasons in this period as they did in earlier times.
• However, the mode of worship changed considerably. Prayers continued to be recited, but they ceased to be the dominant mode of placating the gods.
• Sacrifices became far more important, and they assumed both public and domestic character.
• Public sacrifices involved the king and the whole of the community, which was still in many cases identical with the tribe.
• Private sacrifices were performed by individuals in their houses.

The correct answer is David Easton.

Key Points

• The systems analysis approach in political science was primarily propounded by David Easton.
• He conceived this adaptation in 1953.
• He published "A Systems Analysis of Political Life" in 1965, which is considered one of the key works in this area.
• His work was influenced by cybernetics.
• The approach aimed to provide an abstract, holistic view of politics.

The correct answer is Shri Arif Mohammed Khan.

Key Points

• Arif Mohammad Khan is the current governor of Bihar.
• Former President Zakir Husain and Ram Nath Kovind were two such governors of Bihar who succeeded on to become the president of India.
• 41 governors with additional charge, and the 46^th governor also counted before independence—the location of Bihar in India.

The correct answer is World Health Organisation

Key Points

• The World Health Organization (WHO) released a report titled 'Tobacco: Poisoning Our Planet' to coincide with World No Tobacco Day.
• The World Health Organization was established on April 7, 1948.
• The headquarters of the World Health Organisation (WHO) is located in Geneva, Switzerland.
• Tedros Adhanon is the Director-General of the World Health Organization.
• Therefore April 7 is observed as World Health Day every year.
• The World Health Assembly and the Executive Board are the governing bodies of WHO.
• WHO gets funding from its member nations which can be either compulsory or Voluntary.
• The countries which are members of UNO are the members of WHO also.

Additional Information

• UNICEF was created by United Nations General Assembly on 11 Dec 1946.
• UNICEF is the successor of the International Children's Emergency Fund (ICEF) which was created in 1946 by the U.N. Relief Rehabilitation Administration with the prime objective of providing immediate relief to children and mothers affected by World War II.
• The primary objective of the agency is to provide humanitarian and development aid to children worldwide.
• UNICEF is having more than 150 country offices across the globe & having a presence in 192 countries & Territories.
• The National establishment for the reworking Republic of India, conjointly known as NITI Aayog, was fashioned via a resolution of the Union cupboard on Jan one, 2015.
• NITI Aayog :
• NITI Aayog is that the premier policy ‘Think Tank’ of the govt of the Republic of India, providing each directional and policy inputs. Whereas coming up with strategic and long-run policies and programs for the Govt of the Republic of India, NITI Aayog conjointly provides relevant technical recommendations to the Centre and States.
• NITI Aayog Chairperson:  Narendra Modi.
• NITI Aayog Headquarter: New Delhi.

The correct answer is Rabindra Nath Tagore

Key Points 

Rabindranath Tagore:

• He was born in Calcutta on 7^th May 1861.
• He was also referred to as ‘Gurudev’, ‘Kabiguru’, and ‘Biswakabi’.
• He is regarded as the outstanding creative artist of modern India and hailed by W.B Yeats, Rabindranath Tagore was a Bengali poet, novelist, and painter, who was highly influential in introducing Indian culture to the west.
• In 1913 he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature for his work on Gitanjali.
• He was the first non-European to receive the Nobel Prize.
• He was the first Indian and First Asian to receive the Nobel Prize.
• In 1915 he was awarded a knighthood by British King George V.
• In 1919, following the Jallianwalla Bagh massacre, he renounced his Knighthood.
• He is said to have composed over 2000 songs and his songs and music are called ‘Rabindra Sangeet’ with its own distinct lyrical and fluid style.
• He is responsible for modernising Bengali prose and poetry. His notable works include Gitanjali, Ghare-Baire, Gora, Manasi, Balaka, and Sonar Tori, He is also remembered for his song ‘Ekla Chalo Re’.
• He published his first poems aged 16 under the pen name ‘Bhanusimha’.
• He not only gave the national anthems for two countries, India and Bangladesh but also inspired a Ceylonese student of his, to pen and compose the national anthem of Sri Lanka.

The correct answer is Company Act, 1956

Key Points

• A Non-Banking Financial Company (NBFC) is a company registered under the Companies Act, 1956 engaged in the business of loans and advances, acquisition of shares/stocks/bonds/debentures/securities issued by Government or local authority or other marketable securities of a like nature.
• NBFC cannot accept demand deposits.
• The deposit insurance facility of Deposit Insurance and Credit Guarantee Corporation is not available to depositors of NBFCs, unlike in case of banks.
• NBFCs whose asset size is of ₹ 500 cr or more as per the last audited balance sheet are considered as systemically important NBFCs.
• The rationale for such classification is that the activities of such NBFCs will have a bearing on the financial stability of the overall economy.

The correct answer is Tamil Language.

Key Points

• Dravidian languages, a family of around 70 languages mainly spoken in South Asia.
• The Dravidian languages are split into groups in the South, South-Middle Central, and North; these groups are further split into 24 subgroups.
• The Constitution of India acknowledges the four major literary languages: Tamil, Telugu,  Malayalam, and Kannada.
• They are also official languages, respectively, of the states of Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Kerala, and Karnataka (formerly Mysore).
• Tamil is the oldest of the four literary languages in the Dravidian family, with examples dating to the early Common Period.
• Tolkappiyam (1^st–4^th century CE; "Ancient Literature"), the first known work in the Tamil language, is a treatise on grammar and poetics.

Additional Information

• Until around the 9^th century CE, Malayalam was the west coast dialect of Tamil.
• Geographically isolated by the steep Western Ghats from the main speech group, the dialect gradually evolved into a distinct language.
• Kannada is the official language in the state of Karnataka.
• The inscriptions in Kannada date from the 5^th century CE, while Kavirajamarga ('The Royal Road of Poets'), the first literary work, is a ninth-century treatise on poetics.
• Telugu is spoken by the greatest population among the Dravidian languages.
• It is the third most frequently spoken of all Indian languages, after Hindi and Bengali.

The correct answer is Sadbhavana Diwas.

Key Points

• 20^th August is celebrated as Sadbhavana Diwas.

The correct answer is Nephron.

Key Points

• Nephron
• The kidneys are two bean-shaped organs found in vertebrates located on the left and right retroperitoneal space.
• The nephron is the structural and functional unit of the kidney. Hence option 2 is correct.
• Each human adult kidney contains around 1 million nephrons.
• Lymphocyte
• A lymphocyte is one of the subtypes of a white blood cell in a vertebrate's immune system.
• Lymphocytes include
• Natural killer cells (which function in cell-mediated, cytotoxic innate immunity).
• T cells (for cell-mediated, cytotoxic adaptive immunity).
• B cells (for humoral, antibody-driven adaptive immunity).
• Lobule
• The lobule of the liver, are small divisions of the liver defined at the microscopic (histological) scale.
• The hepatic lobule is a building block of the liver tissue, consisting of a portal triad, hepatocytes arranged in linear cords between a capillary network, and a central vein.
• Neuron
• The neuron is the basic working unit of the brain.
• It is a specialized cell which transmits the information to other nerve cells, muscle, or gland cells.

The correct answer is Virus.

Key Points

• Chikungunya is a mosquito-borne disease caused by the chikungunya virus.
• Viruses are small intracellular parasites, which contain either an RNA or DNA genome surrounded by a protective, virus-coded protein coat.
• A complete virus particle is called a virion.
• Viruses are inert outside the host cell and can be crystallized.
• The main purpose of a virus is to deliver its genome into the host cell to allow its transcription and translation by the host cell.
• A bacteriophage is a virus that destroys bacteria.

The correct answer is Wimbledon.

Key Points

• Wimbledon is the only Grand Slam tournament that is played on grass courts.

Additional Information

• The French Open is played on clay courts.
• The U.S. Open is played on hard courts.
• The Australian Open is also played on hard courts.

The correct answer is Squash.

Key Points

• Jahangir Khan is famous in the sport of squash.
• Widely regarded as the greatest squash player of all time and one of the greatest sportsmen in Pakistan's history.
• Khan was unbeaten for an extraordinary period from 1981 to 1986.
• During this period, he won 555 consecutive matches.
• This streak is the longest winning streak by any athlete in top-level professional sport as recorded by Guinness World Records

The correct answer is Literature.

Key Points

• Jnanpith Award is a literary award presented by the Bhartiya Jnanpith organization to Indian writers every year.
• The first Jnanpith award was given to G.Sankara Kurup (Malayalam) in 1965 for his novel "Odakkuzhal" (The Bamboo Flute).
• The winner is given a cash prize of Rs.11 lakh and a bronze replica of Goddess Saraswati, the Hindu goddess of learning.
• The first woman writer to be awarded this award was Ashapoorna Devi, a Bengali writer in 1976.
• Bhartiya Jnanpith organization was founded in 1944 by industrialist and philanthropist Sahu Shanti Prasad Jain.

Additional Information

The correct answer is Rishi Kapoor.

Key Points

• The autobiography titled Khullam Khulla: Rishi Kapoor Uncensored belongs to the veteran Bollywood actor Rishi Kapoor.
• This book was co-authored by Rishi Kapoor along with Meena Iyer and was published by HarperCollins.
• Rishi Kapoor released this autobiography in 2017, providing an intimate and honest account of his experiences in the Indian film industry.
• Sadly, Rishi Kapoor passed away on April 30, 2020, after battling leukemia

The correct answer is Kiran Bedi

Key Points

• Based on the ground realities of nearly five years of service as the 24^th Lt Governor of Puducherry, Kiran Bedi has penned down her journey of governance in the book ‘Fearless Governance’.
• It was launched by Indra Nooyi (former Chairperson and CEO of PepsiCo) and Prof Debashis Chatterjee (director, IIM Kozhikode).
• It has been published by Diamond Books.
• The current Lt Governor of Puducherry (As of May 2022) is Dr Tamilisai Soundararajan.

The correct answer is Manipur.

Key Points

• The festival is named the Sangai Festival to stage the uniqueness of the shy and gentle brow-antlered deer popularly known as the Sangai Deer, which is the state animal of Manipur.
• It is one of the largest Government-sponsored tourism fests.
• The Festival is all about unity in diversity and a true reflection of Manipur’s saga.
• It exhibits the best of Manipur, in terms of art and culture, cuisines and music, scenic beauty of the land, handloom and fine arts, indigenous sports, eco, and adventure tourism activities such as trekking, white water rafting, and parasailing, etc.
• Along with its indigenous martial arts- Thang Ta (a combination Spear & Sword skills), Yubi-Lakpi (a game played with greased coconut-like rugby), Mukna Kangjei (a game that combines hockey and wrestling), and Sagol Kangjei– Modern Polo (believed to have evolved in Manipur).

The correct answer is India - United Kingdom

Key Points

• Konkan naval exercise
• Konkan naval exercise is conducted between the India-United Kingdom. Hence, Option 3 is correct.
• The Bilateral KONKAN exercise provides a platform for the two Navies to periodically exercise at sea and in harbor, to build interoperability and share best practices.
• The KONKAN series of exercises commenced in 2004, and since then has grown in scale.
• Naval cooperation between India and the United Kingdom is based on the long-term strategic relationship between both countries.
• Exercise Konkan is a great opportunity to reinforce the India-UK defence partnership, deepening understanding of how both the Navies can work together to counter maritime threats. This sits alongside a wide range of UK activity in the Indian Ocean – covering military, multilateral, and commercial engagement.

Additional Information

• List of important Indian bilateral army exercises.