SSC MTS 2024 Official Paper (Held On: 14 Oct, 2024 Shift 3) (Previous Year Paper)

Given:

A shopkeeper sells goods at the same price rate for which he has bought them, but gives 20% less quantity to the customer.

Formula used:

Profit Percentage = \(\dfrac{\text{Selling Price} - \text{Cost Price}}{\text{Cost Price}} \times 100 \)

Calculation:

Let Cost Price (CP) for 1 unit be ₹100.

Since the shopkeeper gives 20% less quantity, the quantity given is 80% of the original quantity.

So, the Selling Price (SP) for 0.8 units is ₹100.

SP per unit = \(\dfrac{100}{0.8}\) = ₹125

Profit = SP per unit - CP per unit

⇒ Profit = ₹125 - ₹100 = ₹25

Profit Percentage = \(\dfrac{25}{100} \times 100 \) = 25%

∴ The correct answer is option (2).

Given:

If the volume of a sphere is divided by its surface area, the result is 54 cm.

Formula used:

Volume of a sphere (V) = \(\dfrac{4}{3}\pi r^3\)

Surface area of a sphere (A) = \(4\pi r^2\)

Calculation:

\(\dfrac{V}{A}\) = 54

\(\dfrac{\dfrac{4}{3}\pi r^3}{4\pi r^2} = 54\)

⇒ \(\dfrac{\dfrac{4}{3} r}{4} = 54\)

⇒ \(\dfrac{r}{3} = 54\)

⇒ r = 162 cm

∴ The correct answer is option (2).

Given:

Average height of 1^st group (A₁) = 175 cm

Number of students in 1^st group (N₁) = 50

Average height of 2^nd group (A₂) = 180 cm

Number of students in 2^nd group (N₂) = 40

Formula used:

Combined average height (A) = \(\dfrac{(A_1 \times N_1) + (A_2 \times N_2)}{N_1 + N_2}\)

Calculation:

\(\dfrac{(175 \times 50) + (180 \times 40)}{50 + 40}\)

⇒ \(\dfrac{8750 + 7200}{90}\)

⇒ 177

∴ The correct answer is option 1.

Shortcut Trick

Relative Speed = 65 − 45 = 20 km/h.

Time Gap = 1:00 p.m. − 12:40 p.m. = 20 minutes = 1/3 hour.

Distance Lead = 45 × (1/3) = 15 km.

Catching Time = Distance ÷ Relative Speed = 15 ÷ 20 = 3/4 hour = 45 minutes.

Owner catches at = 1:00 p.m. + 45 minutes = 1:45 p.m.

∴ The correct answer is 1:45 p.m.

Alternate Method

Given:

Speed of Thief (V_t) = 45 km/h

Speed of Owner (V_o) = 65 km/h

Time of theft = 12:40 p.m.

Time of discovery = 1:00 p.m.

Calculations:

⇒ Time duration thief ran alone = 20 minutes = 20/60 = 1/3 hour

⇒ Distance covered by thief in 20 mins = Speed × Time = 45 × (1/3) = 15 km

⇒ Relative speed (same direction) = V_o − V_t = 65 − 45 = 20 km/h

⇒ Time taken to catch = Distance ÷ Relative Speed = 15 ÷ 20 = 0.75 hours

⇒ 0.75 hours = 0.75 × 60 = 45 minutes

⇒ Catching time = 1:00 p.m. + 45 minutes = 1:45 p.m.

∴ The correct answer is 1:45 p.m.

Additional Information

Relative Speed Concept

When two objects move in the same direction, relative speed is the difference of their speeds (S₁ − S₂).

Time to Catch Formula

Time = (Initial Distance between objects) ÷ (Relative Speed). Ensure units for distance and speed are consistent.

Opposite Direction

When two objects move in opposite directions, relative speed is the sum of their speeds (S₁ + S₂).

Given:

Votes for candidate 1 = 1136

Votes for candidate 2 = 7636

Votes for candidate 3 = 11628

Formula used:

Percentage of total votes = (Votes of the candidate / Total votes) × 100

Calculation:

Total votes = 1136 + 7636 + 11628

⇒ Total votes = 20400

Percentage of total votes for the losing candidate = (Votes of candidate 1 / Total votes) × 100

⇒ Percentage = (1136 / 20400) × 100

⇒ Percentage = 0.0557 × 100 = 5.57%

∴ The correct answer is option (4).

Shortcut Trick

In opposite direction, relative speed = sum of speeds.

Total Distance = Sum of lengths = 180 + 180 = 360 m.

Relative Speed = 360 m ÷ 12 sec = 30 m/s.

Since speeds are equal, speed of each train = 30 ÷ 2 = 15 m/s.

Speed in km/h = 15 × (18/5) = 54 km/h.

∴ The correct answer is 54 km/h.

Alternate Method

Given:

Length of each train (L₁ = L₂) = 180 m

Time taken to cross each other (t) = 12 sec

Speed of each train = x m/s (since they are equal)

Formula Used:

Relative Speed (Opposite Direction) = (L₁ + L₂) ÷ Time

Calculations:

⇒ Relative Speed = x + x = 2x

⇒ 2x = (180 + 180) ÷ 12

⇒ 2x = 360 ÷ 12

⇒ 2x = 30

⇒ x = 15 m/s

⇒ To convert m/s to km/h, multiply by 18/5:

⇒ Speed = 15 × (18 ÷ 5) km/h

⇒ Speed = 3 × 18 km/h

⇒ Speed = 54 km/h

∴ The correct answer is 54 km/h.

Additional Information

Relative Speed Concepts

When moving in the opposite direction, Relative Speed = S₁ + S₂. When moving in the same direction, Relative Speed = |S₁ − S₂|.

Speed Unit Conversion

To convert m/s to km/h, multiply by 18/5. To convert km/h to m/s, multiply by 5/18.

Train Crossing Objects

Distance covered when crossing a pole/man = Length of train. Distance covered when crossing a platform/bridge/another train = Sum of lengths.

Shortcut Trick

Net Interest Rate = Rate × Time = 7% × 3 = 21%

Simple Interest = 21% of ₹3500

Simple Interest = 21 × 35 = ₹735

∴ The correct answer is ₹735.

Alternate Method

Given:

Principal (P) = ₹3500

Rate (R) = 7% per annum

Time (T) = 3 years

Formula Used:

Simple Interest (SI) = (P × R × T) ÷ 100

Calculations:

⇒ SI = (3500 × 7 × 3) ÷ 100

⇒ SI = 35 × 21

⇒ SI = ₹735

∴ The correct answer is ₹735.

Additional Information

Formula for Simple Interest

Simple Interest (SI) is calculated as SI = (P × R × T) ÷ 100, where P is Principal, R is Rate, and T is Time.

Total Amount

The total sum returned after the loan period is called the Amount (A), where A = Principal (P) + Simple Interest (SI).

Constant Interest Property

In Simple Interest, the interest earned remains the same for every year because it is always calculated on the original Principal.

Given:

Total surface area of hemispherical container = 7392 cm²

The container is 3/4 filled with oil

Radius of small hemispherical bottle (r) = 6.3 cm

Formula used:

Surface area of hemisphere = 3πr²

Volume of hemisphere (V) = (2/3)πr³

Calculations:

3πR² = 7392

⇒ 3 × (22/7) × R² = 7392

⇒ R² = 784

⇒ R = √784 = 28 cm

Volume of oil in the container = (3/4) × (2/3)πR³

⇒ Volume of oil = (3/4) × (2/3) × (22/7) × 28³

⇒ Volume of oil = (22/7) × 28 × 28 × 14

Volume of one small bottle = (2/3)πr³

⇒ Volume of one small bottle = (2/3) × (22/7) × 6.3³

Number of bottles required = Total volume of oil / Volume of one small bottle

⇒ Number of bottles = [(22/7) × 28 × 28 × 14] / (2/3) × (22/7) × 6.33

⇒ Number of bottles ≈ 66

∴ The correct answer is option 2.

Given:

Find the HCF of 512 and 296.

Given:

We need to find the Highest Common Factor (HCF) of 512 and 296.

Formula Used:

The HCF of two numbers is found out by their prime factorization.

Calculations:

Factors of 512: 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128, 256, 512

Factors of 296: 1, 2, 4, 8, 37, 74, 148, 296

The common factors of 512 and 296 are:  1, 2, 4, 8.

The Highest Common Factor (HCF) 512 and 296 is 8.

∴ The correct answer is option (2).

Given:

The average age of a class of 65 boys is 14 years.

The average age of 20 of them is 14 years, and the average age of another 15 boys is 12 years.

Formula used:

Average = Total Age / Number of boys

Calculations:

Total age of 65 boys = 65 × 14 = 910

Total age of 20 boys = 20 × 14 = 280

Total age of 15 boys = 15 × 12 = 180

Total age of remaining 30 boys = 910 - (280 + 180)

⇒ Total age of remaining 30 boys = 910 - 460 = 450

Average age of remaining 30 boys = 450 / 30 = 15

∴ The correct answer is option 1.

Given:

The outer circumference of the top of a large hemispherical iron bowl is 565.2 cm and the bowl is 6 cm thick.

Formula used:

Circumference of a circle = 2πr

Volume of a hemisphere = (2/3)πr³

Calculation:

Outer circumference = 565.2 cm

⇒ 2πR = 565.2 ⇒ R = 90 cm

Thickness = 6 cm

Inner radius r = R - 6 ⇒ r = 90 - 6

⇒ r = 84 cm

Volume of iron = Volume of outer hemisphere - Volume of inner hemisphere

⇒ V = (2/3)πR³ - (2/3)πr³

⇒ V = (2/3)π(90)³ - (2/3)π(84)³

⇒ V = (2/3) × 3.14 × (90 × 90 × 90 - 84 × 84 × 84)

⇒ V = (2/3) × 3.14 × 136296

⇒ V = 285312.96 cm³

∴ The correct answer is option (1).

Given:

A trader sells his goods at 25% profit. Had he bought it at 10% more and sold it for ₹75 more, he would have earned a profit of 25%.

Formula used:

Selling Price (SP) = Cost Price (CP) × (1 + Profit%)

Calculation:

Let CP = x

SP = x × 1.25

New CP = x × 1.1

New SP = x × 1.1 × 1.25 + 75

Given that new SP also yields 25% profit:

x × 1.25 + 75 = x × 1.1 × 1.25

⇒ x × 1.25 + 75 = x × 1.375

⇒ 75 = x × (1.375 - 1.25)

⇒ x = 600

∴ The correct answer is option 3.

Given:

Income and Expenditure in 2017, 2018, 2019, and 2020 (in thousand ₹):

2017: Income = ₹30,000, Expenditure = ₹26,000

2018: Income = ₹28,000, Expenditure = ₹24,000

2019: Income = ₹34,000, Expenditure = ₹28,000

2020: Income = ₹36,000, Expenditure = ₹33,000

Formula used:

Savings = Income − Expenditure

Calculation:

Savings in 2017: Savings = 30,000 − 26,000 = ₹4,000

Savings in 2018: Savings = 28,000 − 24,000 = ₹4,000

Total savings in 2017 and 2018: ₹4,000 + ₹4,000 = ₹8,000

Savings in 2019: Savings = 34,000 − 28,000 = ₹6,000

Savings in 2020: Savings = 36,000 − 33,000 = ₹3,000

Total savings in 2019 and 2020: ₹6,000 + ₹3,000 = ₹9,000

Percentage change:

Percentage = \(\frac{\text{Total savings in 2019 and 2020} − \text{Total savings in 2017 and 2018}}{\text{Total savings in 2017 and 2018}} × 100. \)

⇒ Percentage = \(\frac{9,000 − 8,000}{8,000} × 100 = \frac{1,000}{8,000} × 100 = 12.5%\)

∴ The percentage increase in total savings from 2017 and 2018 to 2019 and 2020 is 12.5%

Given:

A group of 9 people can survive on ₹8,100 for 30 days.

Formula used:

(Number of members × Number of days) / Total expenditure = Constant

Calculation:

(9 × 30) / 8100 = (7 × x) / 8400

Solving for x, we get:

x = 27

∴ The correct answer is option (3).

Given:

A man purchased 3 bags of cement at the rate of ₹2,200 each, 4 bags of cement at ₹2,550 each and 5 bags of cement at the rate of ₹3,120 each.

Formula used:

Average cost of one bag of cement = Total cost of all bags / Total number of bags

Calculation:

Total cost = (3 × 2200) + (4 × 2550) + (5 × 3120)

⇒ Total cost = 6600 + 10200 + 15600 = 32400

Total number of bags = 3 + 4 + 5 = 12

Average cost = 32400 / 12

⇒ Average cost = 2700

∴ The correct answer is option 1.

Shortcut Trick

The rate of 3 paise per rupee per month is equivalent to 3% per month.

Total interest for 8 months = 3% × 8 = 24%.

Interest = 24% of ₹550 = (24 ÷ 100) × 550 = 0.24 × 550 = 132.

∴ The correct answer is ₹132.

Alternate Method

Given: Principal (P) = ₹550, Rate (R) = 3 paise per rupee per month, Time (T) = 8 months.

Formula: Simple Interest = Principal × Rate × Time

⇒ Interest on ₹1 for 1 month = 3 paise

⇒ Interest on ₹550 for 1 month = 550 × 3 = 1650 paise

⇒ Interest on ₹550 for 8 months = 1650 × 8 = 13200 paise

⇒ Since ₹1 = 100 paise, Interest in Rupees = 13200 ÷ 100 = ₹132

∴ The correct answer is ₹132.

Additional Information

Interest Rate Unit Conversion

When rate is given in paise per rupee, it represents a percentage of the rupee. For example, 3 paise per rupee is (3/100) × 100 = 3%.

Simple Interest Formula

The basic formula is SI = (P × R × T) ÷ 100, but ensure the Rate (R) and Time (T) are in compatible units (both yearly or both monthly).

Amount Calculation

Total Amount (A) = Principal (P) + Simple Interest (SI). In this case, the amount would be ₹550 + ₹132 = ₹682.

Given:

Principal (P) = ₹2000

Rate (R) = 6% per year

Time (T) = 3 years

Formula used:

Simple Interest (SI) = \(\dfrac{P \times R \times T}{100}\)

Calculations:

SI = \(\dfrac{2000 \times 6 \times 3}{100}\)

⇒ SI = \(\dfrac{36000}{100}\)

⇒ SI = ₹360

∴ The correct answer is option (2).

Calculation:

Let the number of Managers who joined the company from 2001 to 2004 be M and the number of newly added Accountants in the company from 2001 to 2004 be A.

M = Sum of Managers added each year from 2001 to 2004

A = Sum of Accountants added each year from 2001 to 2004

M = 280 + 300 + 310 + 420

⇒ M = 1310

A = 200 + 228 + 254 + 260

⇒ A = 942

Difference = A - M

⇒ Difference = 1310 - 942

⇒ Difference = 368

∴ The correct answer is option 2.

Shortcut Trick

Use the direct ratio formula: CP / MP = (100 − Discount%) / (100 + Profit%)

CP / MP = (100 − 25) / (100 + 20) = 75 / 120 = 5 / 8

Markup Percentage = [(MP − CP) / CP] × 100

Markup % = [(8 − 5) / 5] × 100 = (3 / 5) × 100 = 60%

∴ The correct answer is 60%.

Alternate Method

Given:

Discount (D) = 25%

Profit (P) = 20%

Formula Used:

Selling Price (SP) = Cost Price (CP) × (100 + Profit%) / 100

Selling Price (SP) = Marked Price (MP) × (100 − Discount%) / 100

Calculations:

Let the Cost Price (CP) be ₹100.

⇒ Profit = 20% of 100 = ₹20

⇒ Selling Price (SP) = CP + Profit = 100 + 20 = ₹120

⇒ Let the Marked Price (MP) be M.

⇒ SP = M × (100 − 25) / 100

⇒ 120 = M × 75 / 100

⇒ 120 = M × 3 / 4

⇒ M = (120 × 4) / 3 = ₹160

⇒ Markup Amount = MP − CP = 160 − 100 = ₹60

⇒ Markup Percentage = (Markup / CP) × 100 = (60 / 100) × 100 = 60%

Therefore, the percentage above the Marked Price on the Cost Price is 60%, which corresponds to Option (4).

∴ The correct answer is 60%.

Additional Information

Marked Price and Markup

Marked Price (MP) is the price printed on a label. Markup is the value added to the Cost Price to arrive at the Marked Price.

Markup Percentage Formula

Markup % = [(MP − CP) / CP] × 100. It represents how much higher the tagged price is compared to the original cost.

CP, MP, Profit, and Discount Relation

The equation CP × (100 + P%) = MP × (100 − D%) is derived from the fact that both sides equal the Selling Price (SP).

Given:

Wheat price 1 = ₹38 per kg

Wheat price 2 = ₹26 per kg

Selling price of mixture = ₹39 per kg

Profit = 30%

Formula used:

Let the quantity of wheat at ₹38 per kg be x kg and at ₹26 per kg be y kg.

Cost price of the mixture = Selling price / (1 + Profit percentage)

Calculations:

Cost price of the mixture = 39 / (1 + 30/100)

⇒ Cost price of the mixture = 39 / 1.3 = 30

According to the rule of alligation:

⇒ (30 - 26) / (38 - 30)

⇒ 4 / 8

⇒ 1 / 2

∴ The correct answer is option 4.

The logic followed here is:

​​

Hence, "Option 3" is the correct answer.

The logic followed here is:

'BEAM' is coded as '5791'

'MINT' is coded as '2467'

Thus, 7 is the code of M.

Hence, "Option 1" is the correct answer.

The image embedded in the given figure is as shown below :

​

∴ Here, the given figure is embedded in the option Figure 4.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 4".

The least possible Venn diagram for the given statements is as shown below :

Conclusions:

(I) All hens are eggs → Follow (As all hens are chickens and all chickens are eggs. As whole hens comes in chickens which whole comes in eggs, therefore it is true.)

(II) All eggs are chickens → Does not follow (As all chickens are eggs. So it is possible but not definite.)

∴ Here, Only conclusion I follows.​

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 2".

The logic followed here is:

Hence, "Option 4" is the correct answer.

Given: Six players Jadeja, Ashwin, Karthik, Murli, Sarfaraz and Virat are sitting around a circular table, facing the centre.

1) Virat is sitting to the immediate right of Jadeja. 

2) Jadeja is an immediate neighbour of Ashwin.

3) Only Sarfaraz is sitting between Virat and Murli. 

After positioning Sarfaraz and Murli only one position is left which will be occupied by the only person left i.e. Karthik.

Thus, according to the final arrangement Murli is immediate neighbour of both Sarfaraz and Karthik.

Hence, "Option 1" is the correct answer.

The logic followed here is:

'RAMESH' is written as 'UAPEVK'

And,

'TOM' is written as 'WOP'

Similarly,

'MEGHANA' is written as

​

Hence, "Option 2" is the correct answer.

The logic followed here is :

1. The whole elements rotate in the 90º clockwise direction.

2. The square element is alternately shaded.

Thus, the final series is :

Hence, "Option 1" is the correct answer.

Given : 22 × 11 + 13 − 12 ÷ 2 = ?

After '+' and ‘-' are interchanged and '×' and ‘÷' are interchanged then,

22 × 11 + 13 − 12 ÷ 2 = ? ⇒ 22 ÷ 11 - 13 + 12 × 2 = ?

⇒ 22 ÷ 11 - 13 + 12 × 2 = ?

⇒ 2 - 13 + 12 × 2 = ?

⇒ 2 + 24 - 13 = ?

⇒ 26 - 13 = ?

⇒ 13 = ?

Hence, "Option 4" is the correct answer.

Given: Seven friends, Monu, Abhay, Vicky, Chitti, Deva, Hamza and Sanjay, are attending Hamza's birthday party and sitting in a circular arrangement facing the centre.

1) Monu is an immediate neighbour of Abhay and Deva. 

2) Abhay is second to the left of Hamza.

3) Chitti is an immediate neighbour of both Deva and Vicky. 

4) Sanjay is one of the immediate neighbours of Hamza.

Thus, according to the final arrangement Vicky is sitting third to the left of Monu.

Hence, "Option 1" is the correct answer.

The logic followed here is:

(25, 8, 400)

25 × 8 × 2 = 400

400 = 400 (LHS = RHS) 

And,

(12, 14, 336)

12 × 14 × 2 = 336

336 = 336 (LHS = RHS) 

So, checking each option one by one:

Option 1) (19, 8, 152)

19 × 8 × 2 = 152

304 ≠ 152 (LHS ≠ RHS)

Option 2) (22, 9, 198)

22 × 9 × 2 = 198

396 ≠ 198 (LHS ≠ RHS)

Option 3) (17, 11, 189)

17 × 11 × 2 = 189

374 ≠ 189 (LHS ≠ RHS)

Option 4) (16, 21, 672)

16 × 21 × 2 = 672

672 = 672 (LHS = RHS)

Thus, out of all the options, '(16, 21, 672)' follows the same logic as given.

Hence, "Option 4" is the correct answer.

The logic followed here is:

MAZE is related to QEDI

And,

YMLQ is related to CQPU

Similarly,

OCBG is related to

Hence, "Option 3" is the correct answer.

The correct mirror image of the given figure when the mirror is placed at MN is as shown below:

Here, option figure 4 shows the mirror image of the given figure.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 4".

The logic followed here is:

'ARVL' is coded as 'FOAI'

And,

'DOXY' is coded as 'ILCV'

Similarly,

'MPSB' is coded to

​

Hence, "Option 2" is the correct answer.

The logic followed here is:

181 is related to 417 

181 + 236 = 417

417 = 417 (LHS = RHS)

And,

149 is related to 385

149 + 236 = 385

385 = 385 (LHS = RHS)

Similarly,

262 is related to

262 + 236 = ?

498 = ?

Hence, "Option 4" is the correct answer.

According to the given information,

Thus, according to the given codes the code 'er' is for the word 'barks'.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 2".

The logic followed here is:

1. For the first box series →

The first two elements of 1^st and 3^rd column interchange positions with the same column.

The rest of the elements shift anticlockwise.

2. For the second box series →

The top elements shift in the anticlockwise direction.

The center element is replaced by new element.

The rest of elements shift clockwise.

Thus, the final series is :

Hence, "Option 1" is the correct answer.

Given : 13 + 4 × 2 ÷ 5 − 2 = ?

After '+' and ‘-' are interchanged and '×' and ‘÷' are interchanged then,

13 + 4 × 2 ÷ 5 − 2 = ? ⇒ 13 - 4 ÷ 2 × 5 + 2 = ?

⇒ 13 - 4 ÷ 2 × 5 + 2 = ?

⇒ 13 - 2 × 5 + 2 = ?

⇒ 13 + 2 - 10 = ?

⇒ 15 - 10 = ?

⇒ 5 = ?

Hence, "Option 4" is the correct answer.

The least possible Venn diagram for the given statements is as shown below :

Conclusions:

[1] All wolves can be bisons → Follow (As some possums are bisons and no possum is a wolf. As no statement restricts whole wolf from being bisons, therefore it is true.)

[2] All bisons are wolves → Does not follow (As some possums are bisons and no possum is a wolf. As some part of bisons is common with possums which cannot be wolf, therefore it is false.)

∴ Here, Only conclusion [1] follows.​

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 3".

The logic followed here is:

EKQW is related to JPVA

And,

BHNT is related to GMSX

Similarly,

PVBH is related to

Hence, "Option 4" is the correct answer.

The correct answer is Tanka.

Key Points

• The Tanka was a silver coin introduced by Sultan Shamsuddin Iltutmish in the Delhi Sultanate.
• Iltutmish issued the Tanka in the early 13^th century as a part of his currency reforms.
• The Tanka weighed about 175 grains (approximately 11 grams) of silver.
• This coinage system set the standard for the currency in the Indian subcontinent during the medieval period.
• The introduction of the Tanka helped stabilize the economy and facilitated trade within the Sultanate.

Additional Information

• Iltutmish: Shamsuddin Iltutmish was the third ruler of the Mamluk dynasty in Delhi, known for his administrative and military strategies.
• Currency Reforms: Iltutmish's introduction of the Tanka and Jittal (copper coins) was part of his effort to streamline and standardize the currency system.
• Economic Impact: The Tanka contributed significantly to the economic development of the Delhi Sultanate by facilitating trade and commerce.
• Historical Significance: The Tanka remained in use even after the fall of the Delhi Sultanate, influencing the coinage of subsequent dynasties.
• Standardization: The weight and purity standards set by the Tanka were adhered to by later rulers, ensuring consistency in the monetary system.

The correct answer is Dhrupad.

Key Points

• Wasifuddin Dagar is a prominent exponent of Dhrupad, a genre of Hindustani classical music.
• Dhrupad is one of the oldest forms of North Indian classical music and has its roots in the chanting of Vedic hymns and mantras.
• Wasifuddin Dagar belongs to the Dagar family, which has been an integral part of Dhrupad tradition for 20 generations.
• He is known for his deep, meditative, and powerful rendition of Dhrupad, continuing the legacy of the Dagarvani style.
• Wasifuddin Dagar has performed in various prestigious music festivals in India and abroad, spreading the essence of Dhrupad.

Additional Information

• Dhrupad:
• Dhrupad is characterized by its austere and spiritual nature, focusing on precise intonation and elaborate improvisation.
• It includes an extensive Alap (improvisation without rhythm) followed by a composition set to a specific Tala (rhythmic cycle).
• Ghazal:
• A poetic form consisting of rhyming couplets and a refrain, often expressing the pain of loss and the beauty of love.
• Ghazals can be set to music, and are popular in both Hindustani classical and semi-classical genres.
• Tarana:
• A style of vocal music in Hindustani classical music where certain words and syllables are used in a fast rendition, often incorporating rhythmic patterns.
• It is characterized by the use of mnemonic syllables, such as "ta", "na", "da", and "re".
• Khyal:
• A major vocal style in Hindustani classical music, known for its flexibility and elaborate improvisation.
• Khyal compositions are usually based on a specific Raga and are performed in a slow tempo (Vilambit) followed by a fast tempo (Drut).

The correct answer is February 1999.

Key Points

• The Lahore Declaration was signed between India and Pakistan on February 21, 1999.
• This agreement aimed to de-escalate tensions between the two countries and promote peace.
• Indian Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee and Pakistani Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif were the signatories.
• The declaration emphasized the need for both countries to resolve their disputes through bilateral dialogue and respect for each other’s sovereignty.

Additional Information

• Simla Agreement:
• The Simla Agreement was signed between India and Pakistan on July 2, 1972.
• It aimed at ensuring peace and stability in the region post the 1971 war.
• Indo-Pakistani War of 1947-48:
• Also known as the First Kashmir War, it was fought between India and Pakistan over the princely state of Jammu and Kashmir.
• The war began in October 1947 and ended in December 1948.
• Indo-Pakistani War of 1965:
• This war was fought between India and Pakistan from April 1965 to September 1965.
• The conflict began following Pakistan's Operation Gibraltar, which was designed to infiltrate forces into Jammu and Kashmir to cause insurgency against Indian rule.
• Kargil War:
• The Kargil War took place between May and July 1999 in the Kargil district of Jammu and Kashmir and along the Line of Control (LOC).
• It was fought between India and Pakistan as Pakistani soldiers and Kashmiri militants infiltrated into Indian territory.

The correct answer is 228.9 million.

Key Points

• According to the Global Multidimensional Poverty Index 2022, the population of the poor in India in 2020 was 228.9 million.
• The Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) is published by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and the Oxford Poverty and Human Development Initiative (OPHI).
• The MPI considers multiple deprivations across health, education, and living standards, offering a comprehensive measure of poverty.
• India has shown significant progress in reducing multidimensional poverty over the years, but challenges remain in addressing inequalities.
• The report highlights the need for targeted policies to address the various dimensions of poverty and improve overall well-being.

Additional Information

• Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI):
• Introduced in 2010, it measures poverty beyond income-based metrics, considering factors like health, education, and living standards.
• Each dimension is equally weighted and includes indicators such as nutrition, child mortality, years of schooling, and access to sanitation.
• Global Trends:
• The MPI report provides insights into global poverty trends, highlighting regions and countries that have made significant progress or face major challenges.
• Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia are regions with the highest levels of multidimensional poverty.
• Policy Implications:
• Data from the MPI report are used by policymakers to design and implement effective poverty alleviation programs.
• Policies focusing on health, education, and basic living conditions are crucial for addressing multidimensional poverty.
• Poverty Reduction Strategies:
• Strategies like social safety nets, education reforms, and healthcare accessibility are essential in reducing poverty.
• Community-driven development and inclusive economic growth also play significant roles in poverty reduction.

The correct answer is Garbha Griha.

Key Points

• Garbha Griha is the sanctum sanctorum of a Hindu temple where the main deity is enshrined.
• It is typically a small, windowless, and dark chamber located at the center of the temple.
• The term Garbha Griha literally translates to "womb chamber" in Sanskrit, symbolizing the spiritual core of the temple.
• Only priests are allowed to enter the Garbha Griha to perform rituals and offer prayers to the deity.

Additional Information

• Stupa: A Buddhist structure containing relics, typically the remains of Buddhist monks or nuns, used as a place of meditation.
• Shikara: The spire or tower above the Garbha Griha in North Indian temples, symbolizing the mountain peak and representing the divine abode.
• Mandap: A pillared hall or pavilion in a Hindu temple used for conducting religious rituals and ceremonies.
• The architecture and layout of Hindu temples are designed to represent the cosmos, with the Garbha Griha being the focal point.
• In South Indian temples, the equivalent of a Shikara is known as the Vimana.

The correct answer is Bihar.

Key Points

• Sama Chakeva is a traditional folk dance associated with the state of Bihar.
• This dance is performed during the Kartik month of the Hindu calendar, specifically in the Mithila region.
• The dance depicts the mythological story of the siblings Sama and Chakeva, highlighting the bond between brother and sister.
• Mithila region, where the dance is most popular, covers parts of Bihar and Nepal.
• The dance is performed by women, and it involves singing folk songs and creating clay idols representing the characters of the story.

Additional Information

• Mithila Painting: Also known as Madhubani painting, this is a famous art form from the Mithila region of Bihar, characterized by complex geometrical patterns.
• Chhath Puja: A significant festival in Bihar, dedicated to the Sun God, celebrated with much fervor and involves rigorous rituals.
• Bhojpuri Language: Widely spoken in Bihar, Bhojpuri is a part of the Bihari languages group and has a rich tradition of folk songs and literature.
• Jat-Jatin Dance: Another popular folk dance of Bihar, depicting the life of a married couple and their day-to-day struggles.
• Folk Music: Bihar has a rich tradition of folk music, including genres like Birha, Kajari, and Sohar, often associated with various life events and seasons.

The correct answer is My Country My Life.

Key Points

• My Country My Life is the autobiography of L. K. Advani, a senior leader of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) and former Deputy Prime Minister of India.
• The book was published in 2008 and covers his journey in Indian politics, spanning over six decades.
• The autobiography provides an insider's view of the political landscape of India, including the rise of the BJP.
• The book is divided into five parts, each detailing different phases of Advani's life and career.

Additional Information

• Exam Warriors: Authored by Prime Minister Narendra Modi, this book is aimed at guiding students to deal with exam-related stress.
• Wings of Fire: An autobiography of Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam, former President of India and a renowned aerospace scientist.
• Dare to Dream: This book is co-authored by Kiran Bedi, India's first woman IPS officer, and serves as an inspirational work focusing on her life and career.
• Autobiography: A self-written account of the life of a person, providing personal insights and experiences.
• Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP): One of the two major political parties in India, founded in 1980 and known for its right-wing politics.

The correct answer is Albert Venn Dicey.

Key Points

• Albert Venn Dicey, a British jurist, is renowned for his work on the concept of the 'Rule of Law' in his book "Introduction to the Study of the Law of the Constitution" published in 1885.
• Dicey outlined three main principles of the 'Rule of Law': the supremacy of law, equality before the law, and the predominance of legal spirit.
• The 'Rule of Law' doctrine emphasizes that no one is above the law, and all individuals and institutions are subject to and accountable to the law.
• Dicey's concept significantly influenced the legal systems of many democratic countries, including India, where the 'Rule of Law' is a fundamental principle enshrined in the Constitution.
• His work laid the foundation for the modern understanding of constitutional law and the protection of individual rights against arbitrary governance.

Additional Information

• Supremacy of Law: According to Dicey, the law is supreme and no one is above it, including the government itself. This principle is crucial in preventing the abuse of power.
• Equality Before Law: Dicey emphasized that every person, regardless of status or position, is subject to the same laws and is entitled to the same legal protections.
• Predominance of Legal Spirit: Dicey argued that the constitution is not the source but the consequence of the rights of individuals as defined and enforced by the courts.
• Indian Constitution and Rule of Law: The Indian Constitution incorporates the principle of the 'Rule of Law' in its Preamble and the Fundamental Rights, ensuring justice, liberty, and equality to all citizens.
• Judicial Review: The concept of judicial review in India, which allows the judiciary to review and invalidate laws and actions of the government that violate the Constitution, is derived from Dicey's principles of the 'Rule of Law'.

The correct answer is Lord William Bentinck.

Key Points

• Lord William Bentinck served as the Governor-General of India from 1828 to 1835.
• He is known for his significant social reforms including the abolition of Sati.
• Bentinck highlighted the plight of Indian weavers due to British policies that favored British textiles over local products.
• His quote, "The bones of the cotton weavers are scattered on the plains of India," reflects the devastating impact of these policies on Indian textile workers.
• His tenure is often remembered for addressing the economic and social issues created by British colonial policies.

Additional Information

• Industrial Revolution Impact: The British Industrial Revolution led to the import of cheap British textiles, severely impacting Indian weavers.
• Economic Policies: British economic policies during colonial rule were aimed at benefiting British industries at the expense of Indian economy.
• Sati Abolition: One of the major social reforms under Bentinck was the abolition of the practice of Sati in 1829.
• Education Reforms: Bentinck also initiated reforms in the Indian education system, promoting English as the medium of instruction.
• Judicial Reforms: He made significant changes to the judicial system, including the introduction of jury trials and the appointment of Indians to higher judicial positions.

The correct answer is Goa.

Key Points

• Dudhsagar Waterfall is located on the Mandovi River in the Indian state of Goa.
• It is one of the tallest waterfalls in India, with a height of 310 meters (1017 feet).
• Dudhsagar translates to 'Sea of Milk' in Konkani, referencing the white frothy water cascading down the rocks.
• The waterfall is a popular tourist attraction, especially during the monsoon season when it is in full flow.
• It is situated in the Bhagwan Mahaveer Sanctuary and Mollem National Park, adding to its natural beauty and biodiversity.

Additional Information

• Tourism in Goa: Goa is known for its stunning beaches, vibrant nightlife, and rich cultural heritage.
• Bhagwan Mahaveer Sanctuary: This sanctuary is the largest wildlife reserve in Goa, covering an area of 240 square kilometers.
• Western Ghats: Dudhsagar Waterfall is part of the Western Ghats, a UNESCO World Heritage site and one of the eight "hottest hotspots" of biological diversity in the world.
• Accessibility: The waterfall is accessible by a short hike or by a jeep safari through the lush forest, adding an element of adventure for visitors.
• Railway View: The waterfall can also be viewed from a train journey on the Vasco Da Gama – Londa route, providing a picturesque experience for travelers.

The correct answer is Sheetal Devi.

Key Points

• Sheetal Devi became the first woman to win two gold medals in a single Para Asian Games event in 2023.
• She achieved this historic feat in archery at the 4^th Asian Para Games held in Hangzhou, China.
• Sheetal Devi won gold in both the individual W1 archery event and the mixed team W1 event.
• Her performance has been widely celebrated and recognized as a significant achievement in Indian para-sports.
• Sheetal's victories are a testament to her dedication and exceptional skill in archery.

Additional Information

• Para Asian Games:
• The Para Asian Games are a multi-sport event held every four years for athletes with disabilities from all over Asia.
• The first Para Asian Games were held in 2010 in Guangzhou, China.
• The event includes a wide range of sports, similar to the Asian Games, but adapted for athletes with disabilities.
• Archery in Para Sports:
• Archery is a popular sport in para-sports, with events for athletes with physical disabilities.
• The categories in para-archery include recurve, compound, and W1 (wheelchair users with impairments in all four limbs).
• India's Performance in Para Asian Games:
• India has shown impressive performances in the Para Asian Games, securing numerous medals in various sports.
• The country has been improving its ranking and medal count with each edition of the games.
• Support for Para Athletes in India:
• The Indian government and various sports organizations provide support and training facilities for para-athletes.
• Initiatives like the Target Olympic Podium Scheme (TOPS) offer financial assistance and training support to elite para-athletes.

The correct answer is Atomic radius decreases.

Key Points

• As you move from left to right across a period in the periodic table, atomic radius decreases.
• This decrease is due to the increase in nuclear charge (number of protons) which pulls electrons closer to the nucleus.
• Despite the addition of more electrons, they are added to the same energy level, resulting in a stronger attraction between the nucleus and the electrons.
• The increased effective nuclear charge reduces the size of the electron cloud, thereby decreasing the atomic radius.

Additional Information

• Effective Nuclear Charge (Z_eff): The net positive charge experienced by an electron in a multi-electron atom, influencing atomic size.
• Shielding Effect: Electrons in inner shells can shield outer electrons from the full charge of the nucleus, but across a period, the shielding effect does not increase significantly.
• Ionic Radius: The radius of an atom's ion. Cations (positively charged ions) are smaller than their neutral atoms, while anions (negatively charged ions) are larger.
• Periodic Trends: Periodic trends are patterns in the periodic table that show the variation in certain properties, such as atomic radius, ionization energy, and electronegativity.
• Atomic Radius Measurement: Atomic radius is typically measured in picometers (pm) or angstroms (Å), where 1 Å = 100 pm.

The correct answer is 2016.

Key Points

• Gulabo Sapera, a renowned folk dancer from the Kalbeliya tribe in Rajasthan, was honored with the Padma Shri in 2016.
• The Padma Shri is the fourth highest civilian award in India, recognizing distinguished contributions in various fields.
• Gulabo Sapera is known for popularizing the Kalbeliya dance form internationally.
• Kalbeliya dance, associated with the Kalbeliya community, is characterized by its fluid movements and vibrant costumes, often performed to the tunes of traditional Rajasthani music.
• The award recognized her efforts in preserving and promoting the rich cultural heritage of Rajasthan.

Additional Information

• Kalbeliya Dance
• Kalbeliya dance is a traditional dance form performed by the Kalbeliya community, also known as snake charmers, in Rajasthan.
• It is known for its serpentine dance movements and vibrant, colorful costumes adorned with mirror work.
• The dance form is recognized as an intangible cultural heritage by UNESCO.
• Padma Awards
• The Padma Awards are one of the highest civilian honors in India, instituted in 1954.
• They are conferred in three categories: Padma Vibhushan, Padma Bhushan, and Padma Shri.
• The awards are given in various disciplines such as art, social work, public affairs, science and engineering, trade and industry, medicine, literature and education, sports, and civil service.
• Gulabo Sapera's Contributions
• Gulabo Sapera has performed internationally, taking the Kalbeliya dance to global platforms.
• She has also worked towards the upliftment of the Kalbeliya community, promoting education and healthcare.
• Her life and achievements have inspired many documentaries and books.
• UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage
• UNESCO's Intangible Cultural Heritage list aims to ensure better protection of important cultural heritages around the world.
• The list recognizes traditions or living expressions inherited from our ancestors and passed on to our descendants, such as oral traditions, performing arts, social practices, rituals, festive events, and knowledge and practices concerning nature and the universe.

The correct answer is Vision 2035.

Key Points

• Vision 2035 is a white paper released by NITI Aayog focusing on the future of Public Health Surveillance (PHS) in India.
• The document outlines a strategy for strengthening public health surveillance systems to improve disease detection, monitoring, and response.
• It emphasizes the need for integrated health information platforms for real-time data sharing among healthcare providers and policymakers.
• The white paper envisions a shift from reactive to proactive surveillance, leveraging technology and data analytics.
• It aims to establish a robust public health surveillance system by 2035 to enhance India's capacity to prevent, detect, and respond to health emergencies.

Additional Information

• Public Health Surveillance:
• It is the continuous, systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of health-related data needed for planning, implementation, and evaluation of public health practice.
• Surveillance provides essential information for the control and prevention of disease outbreaks.
• Integrated Health Information Platform (IHIP):
• An advanced information technology platform for disease surveillance in India.
• It aims to provide real-time data for early detection and management of disease outbreaks.
• National Centre for Disease Control (NCDC):
• A central organization responsible for monitoring and controlling disease outbreaks in India.
• It provides technical assistance to the states and union territories in the field of disease surveillance.
• Digital Health Mission:
• An initiative to create a digital health ecosystem in India.
• It includes the creation of a unique health ID for every citizen, digitization of health records, and development of registries for healthcare providers and facilities.
• One Health Approach:
• A collaborative effort of multiple disciplines working locally, nationally, and globally to achieve optimal health outcomes by recognizing the interconnection between people, animals, plants, and their shared environment.
• It is crucial for improving public health surveillance and combating zoonotic diseases.

The correct answer is JM Keynes.

Key Points

• John Maynard Keynes was a British economist whose ideas fundamentally changed the theory and practice of macroeconomics and the economic policies of governments.
• Keynes advocated for increased government expenditures and lower taxes to stimulate demand and pull the global economy out of the Depression.
• His most important work, "The General Theory of Employment, Interest, and Money" (1936), argued that aggregate demand determines overall economic activity and that inadequate aggregate demand can lead to prolonged periods of high unemployment.
• Keynesian economics focuses on using active government policy to manage economic cycles and is considered a demand-side theory that focuses on changes in the economy over the short run.

Additional Information

• Fiscal Policy: Government adjusts its spending levels and tax rates to monitor and influence a nation's economy. It is used to achieve macroeconomic objectives such as growth, employment, and inflation control.
• Aggregate Demand: The total demand for goods and services within a particular market. Keynesian economics suggests that aggregate demand is influenced by public and private economic decisions.
• Great Depression: A severe worldwide economic depression that took place mostly during the 1930s, originating in the United States. Keynes's theories were developed in response to the economic difficulties of this period.
• Multiplier Effect: An economic term referring to the phenomenon where an initial injection of spending (usually by the government) leads to increased consumption and hence results in a greater final increase in national income.
• Keynesian Revolution: Refers to the widespread acceptance during the mid-20^th century of Keynes's ideas about how governments should intervene in the economy to manage demand and prevent prolonged recessions.

The correct answer is Fungus.

Key Points

• Fungi are organisms that break down dead organic material, making them essential decomposers in ecosystems.
• They release enzymes to decompose complex organic substances into simpler compounds.
• Fungi play a critical role in nutrient cycling by releasing nutrients back into the soil for plant use.
• They exist in various forms, including mushrooms, molds, and yeasts.
• Fungi can decompose a wide range of substances, including wood, leaves, and animal remains.

Additional Information

• Decomposers: Organisms that break down dead or decaying organisms, and in doing so, carry out the natural process of decomposition.
• Bacteria: Along with fungi, bacteria are also primary decomposers in ecosystems, breaking down organic material at a microscopic level.
• Detritivores: These are organisms like earthworms and certain insects that consume detritus (decomposing organic matter) and contribute to decomposition.
• Nutrient Cycling: The process by which decomposers release nutrients back into the environment, making them available for primary producers like plants.
• Symbiotic Relationships: Some fungi form symbiotic associations with plant roots (mycorrhizae), aiding in nutrient absorption for the plant while receiving carbohydrates in return.

The correct answer is Debendranath Tagore.

Key Points

• Debendranath Tagore was a prominent leader of the Brahmo Samaj and a key figure in the Bengal Renaissance.
• He authored the Brahmo Covenant, which is a statement of the creed of the Brahmo Samaj.
• Debendranath Tagore was instrumental in the development and propagation of Brahmoism, a reformist movement within Hinduism.
• He was the father of Rabindranath Tagore, the renowned poet and Nobel laureate.
• His contributions significantly shaped the religious and social reform movements in 19^th century India.

Additional Information

• Brahmo Samaj:
• Founded by Raja Ram Mohan Roy in 1828, it aimed at reforming the social and religious practices of Hindu society.
• The Brahmo Samaj advocated for monotheism and rejected the caste system and idol worship.
• Keshab Chandra Sen:
• He was a prominent Indian social reformer who joined the Brahmo Samaj in 1857.
• Sen later founded his own sect, the Brahmo Samaj of India, in 1866.
• Raja Ram Mohan Roy:
• He is considered the father of the Indian Renaissance and was the founder of the Brahmo Samaj.
• Roy campaigned against social evils like Sati and child marriage.
• Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar:
• He was a key figure in the Bengal Renaissance and worked for the upliftment of women and education reforms.
• Vidyasagar played a significant role in the Widow Remarriage Act of 1856.

The correct answer is Odisha.

Key Points

• The International Sand Art Festival is held annually at Chandrabhaga Beach, near Konark in Odisha.
• This festival attracts renowned sand artists from India and around the world to showcase their skills.
• The event is organized by the Odisha Tourism Department, promoting the state's rich cultural heritage.
• It usually takes place in December, coinciding with the Konark Festival, which celebrates classical dance forms.
• The festival includes various themes each year, ranging from culture, heritage, to global issues like climate change.

Additional Information

• Chandrabhaga Beach
• Located 3 km from the Sun Temple of Konark, it is one of the most famous beaches in Odisha.
• Known for its serene environment and cultural importance.
• Sand Art
• A form of art that involves shaping and sculpting sand into various forms and structures.
• It is temporary and often created in public spaces like beaches.
• Konark Festival
• Held every year from December 1 to 5 in Konark, Odisha.
• Features classical dance performances against the backdrop of the Sun Temple.
• Odisha Tourism
• Actively promotes the state's cultural and natural heritage through various festivals and events.
• Focuses on sustainable and responsible tourism practices.

The correct answer is Agriculture.

Key Points

• Agriculture is the largest consumer of groundwater globally, accounting for approximately 70% of all groundwater withdrawals.
• In countries like India, agriculture consumes about 90% of the extracted groundwater.
• Groundwater is crucial for irrigation, especially in arid and semi-arid regions where surface water is insufficient.
• Over-extraction of groundwater for agricultural purposes has led to significant depletion of aquifers in many regions.
• Efficient water management practices in agriculture are essential to ensure the sustainability of groundwater resources.

Additional Information

• Groundwater Depletion: Overuse of groundwater for agricultural purposes can lead to falling water tables and the drying up of wells.
• Irrigation Techniques: Drip and sprinkler irrigation are more water-efficient methods compared to traditional flood irrigation.
• Water Conservation: Techniques such as rainwater harvesting and the use of drought-resistant crops can help in conserving groundwater.
• Government Policies: Many governments have implemented policies to regulate groundwater extraction and promote sustainable agricultural practices.
• Climate Change: Changes in climate patterns can affect the availability and demand for groundwater in agriculture.

The correct answer is Ag2S.

Key Points

• The black coating formed on silver jewellery is primarily due to the formation of silver sulfide (Ag2S).
• Silver reacts with hydrogen sulfide (H2S) present in the air, leading to the formation of Ag2S, which appears black.
• This reaction is a common example of tarnishing, which is a surface phenomenon affecting metals like silver.
• Ag2S is a compound consisting of two silver atoms and one sulfur atom.

Additional Information

• Tarnishing: Tarnishing is the process where a metal surface loses its luster due to a chemical reaction, often forming a thin layer of corrosion.
• Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S): H2S is a colorless gas with the characteristic foul odor of rotten eggs; it is often present in the environment in small amounts.
• Prevention: To prevent tarnishing, silver jewellery can be stored in airtight containers or treated with anti-tarnish coatings.
• Cleaning: Tarnished silver can be cleaned using various methods, including chemical dips, polishing cloths, or mild abrasives.
• Oxidation: While tarnishing involves the formation of a sulfide layer, oxidation refers to a broader category of reactions where a material loses electrons, often involving oxygen.

The correct answer is Inamgaon.

Key Points

• Inamgaon is an important archaeological site located on the banks of the river Ghod, which is a tributary of the Bhima River in Maharashtra, India.
• The site dates back to the Chalcolithic (Copper Age) period, approximately between 1600 BCE and 700 BCE.
• Excavations at Inamgaon have revealed evidence of early farming communities, including the cultivation of crops such as barley, wheat, and legumes.
• Artifacts found at the site include pottery, tools, and ornaments, providing insights into the daily life and culture of the people who lived there.

Additional Information

• Megalithic Culture: Refers to a prehistoric period characterized by the construction of large stone structures or monuments, such as dolmens and menhirs.
• Chalcolithic Period: Also known as the Copper Age, this period marks the transition between the Neolithic (Stone Age) and the Bronze Age, characterized by the use of copper tools.
• Excavation Techniques: Archaeological excavations at sites like Inamgaon involve systematic digging and recording of artifacts to understand past human activities and cultures.
• Ghod River: A significant river in Maharashtra, India, it is a tributary of the Bhima River, which is part of the larger Krishna River basin.
• Bhima River: One of the major rivers in southern India, it flows through the states of Maharashtra and Karnataka and is a tributary of the Krishna River.

The correct answer is Sugarcane.

Key Points

• Sugarcane is a tropical and subtropical crop, grown in a warm climate with abundant water supply.
• The crop cycle for sugarcane varies from 10 to 18 months, depending on the variety and growing conditions.
• In India, sugarcane planting typically begins in February to April and harvesting starts from November to March of the following year.
• This crop requires a long growing period to accumulate high sugar content in the stalks, making it a year-long cultivation.
• Sugarcane is primarily grown in states like Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, and Andhra Pradesh.

Additional Information

• Ratoon Cropping: Sugarcane can be ratooned, meaning the regrowth from the stubbles of the harvested crop can be used for the next planting.
• Water Requirements: The crop requires about 1500-2500 mm of water throughout its growing period, which is why irrigation plays a crucial role in sugarcane farming.
• Soil Type: Sugarcane thrives in well-drained loamy soil with a pH range of 6.5 to 7.5, though it can grow in a variety of soils.
• Economic Importance: Sugarcane is a major source of sugar and ethanol production, contributing significantly to the agricultural economy in many countries.
• By-products: Bagasse, a by-product of sugarcane, is used in the production of paper, and as a biofuel for electricity generation in sugar mills.

The correct answer is 37.

Key Points

• The strength of the Supreme Court of India has been increased to 37 judges as of May 2026.
• The Union Cabinet chaired by the Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi today has approved the proposal for introducing The Supreme Court (Number of Judges) Amendment Bill, 2026 in Parliament to amend The Supreme Court (Number of Judges) Act, 1956 for increasing the number of Judges of the Supreme Court of India by 4 from the present 33 to 37 (excluding the Chief Justice of India).
• The increase in the number of judges aims to reduce the pendency of cases and expedite the delivery of justice.
• The last increase in the number of judges was approved by the President of India in August 2019, from 31 to 34.

Additional Information

• Judicial Appointments: Judges of the Supreme Court are appointed by the President of India under Article 124(2) of the Constitution.
• Collegium System: The appointment of judges follows the collegium system, where the Chief Justice of India and a forum of four senior-most judges recommend the appointments.
• Retirement Age: The retirement age for Supreme Court judges in India is 65 years.
• Jurisdiction: The Supreme Court has original, appellate, and advisory jurisdiction, making it the highest judicial authority in India.

The correct answer is Tamil Nadu.

Key Points

• Sportstar ACES Awards recognize excellence in sports promotion and administration in India.
• Best State for the Promotion of Sport category.
• Winner 2024: Tamil Nadu, for outstanding initiatives in promoting sports at grassroots and professional levels.
• Highlights the state’s commitment to developing athletes, sports infrastructure, and encouraging participation in various sports.

Additional Information

• Kalinga Stadium: Located in Bhubaneswar, it is a premier sports complex that has hosted numerous national and international sports events.
• FIH Men's Hockey World Cup: Odisha hosted the FIH Men's Hockey World Cup in 2018 and is set to host it again in 2023.
• Grassroots Development: Odisha's initiatives include sports training programs at the grassroots level to identify and nurture young talent.
• Partnerships: The state has collaborated with organizations like Hockey India and the Athletics Federation of India to promote various sports.
• Investment in Sports: Significant investments have been made in sports infrastructure, training facilities, and athlete welfare programs.

The correct answer is Concurrent List.

Key Points

• The Concurrent List includes subjects of common interest to both the Union and State governments.
• It is enumerated in the Seventh Schedule of the Indian Constitution.
• Both the Parliament and State Legislatures can make laws on the subjects in the Concurrent List.
• In case of conflict between the Union and State laws on a Concurrent List subject, the Union law prevails.
• Examples of subjects in the Concurrent List include criminal law, marriage and divorce, bankruptcy and insolvency, and education.

Additional Information

• Union List: Contains subjects of national importance like defense, foreign affairs, atomic energy, and railways. Only the Parliament can legislate on these subjects.
• State List: Contains subjects of local or state importance like police, public health, agriculture, and fisheries. Only the State Legislatures can legislate on these subjects.
• Federal Structure: India follows a quasi-federal structure, where powers are divided between the central and state governments, with a strong centralizing bias.
• Seventh Schedule: The division of powers between the Union and State governments is outlined in the Seventh Schedule of the Indian Constitution, which contains the Union List, State List, and Concurrent List.
• Residual Powers: Any subject not mentioned in any of the three lists falls under the residuary powers, which are vested in the Parliament.

The correct answer is Option 4.

 

Key Points

• The primary issue in the sentence is the incorrect tense usage.
• The sentence describes an action that continued for a specific duration ("for weeks") up to a point in the past ("before you arrived").
• In such cases, the Past Perfect Continuous tense ("had been + present participle") must be used instead of the Past Continuous tense.
• The correct auxiliary should be "had been" instead of "were."
• Thus, the error is located in part 4 of the sentence.

Therefore, the correct answer is 4.

 

Correct Sentence: "The students had been diligently studying for their exams for weeks before you arrived."

 

Additional Information

• 1: "No error" – This would be the correct option if there were no mistakes, but the tense in part 4 is incorrect.
• 2: "for weeks before you arrived" – This part correctly identifies the duration and the reference point in the past.
• 3: "studying for their exams" – This part is grammatically correct as the present participle form.
• 4: "The students were diligently" – This part contains the auxiliary verb error; "were" should be "had been" to form the Past Perfect Continuous tense.

The correct answer is: Option 4.

Key Points

• The word "Encourage" means to give support, confidence, or hope to someone. (प्रोत्साहित करना)
• Example: Her parents always encourage her to pursue her dreams.
• "Dissuade" means to persuade someone not to take a particular course of action. (मना करना)
• Example: He tried to dissuade her from quitting her job.
• Hence, we can infer that the opposite of 'Encourage' is 'Dissuade'.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Option 4.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Encourage and Support (प्रोत्साहित और समर्थन): Both words mean to give help or approval to someone.
• Example: Teachers encourage and support their students to achieve their best.
• Influence and Motivate (प्रभावित और प्रेरित करना): Both words mean to affect or inspire someone to take action.
• Example: Great leaders influence and motivate their teams.
• Convince and Persuade (मनाना और राजी करना): Both words mean to cause someone to believe or do something.
• Example: She convinced and persuaded her friend to join the club.

The correct answer is Option 3.

 

Key Points

• The primary issue in the sentence is the use of "has being" which is incorrect.
• The correct form should be "has been" to properly convey the present perfect tense.
• The phrase should read "has been a masterpiece", ensuring grammatical correctness and clarity.
• Thus, the error is located in part 3 of the sentence.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 3.

 

Correct Sentence: "The artist believes that this new collection of paintings has been a masterpiece that will redefine contemporary art."

 

Additional Information

• 1: "The artist believes that this new collection of paintings," – This part of the sentence is grammatically correct and does not require any changes.
• 2: "a masterpiece that" – This part of the sentence is grammatically correct and does not require any changes.
• 4: "will redefine contemporary art." – This part of the sentence is grammatically correct and does not require any changes.

The correct answer is: Option 4.

Key Points

• The word "excitement" means a feeling of great enthusiasm and eagerness. (उत्साह)
• Example: The excitement before the big game was palpable among the fans.
• "Enthusiasm" refers to intense and eager enjoyment, interest, or approval. (उत्साह)
• Example: His enthusiasm for the project was contagious, spreading to the entire team.
• Hence, we can infer that a synonym of 'excitement' is 'enthusiasm'.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Option 4.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Anxiety (चिंता): A feeling of worry, nervousness, or unease about something with an uncertain outcome.
• Example: She felt a wave of anxiety before her job interview.
• Ignorance (अज्ञानता): Lack of knowledge or information.
• Example: His ignorance of the rules caused him to make several mistakes.
• Freedom (स्वतंत्रता): The power or right to act, speak, or think as one wants without hindrance or restraint.
• Example: The country celebrated its freedom after years of struggle.

The correct answer is: Option 4.

Key Points

• The word "dangeros" is misspelled and should be corrected to "dangerous". (खतरनाक)
• Example: Swimming in the ocean during a storm can be very dangerous.
• "Dangerous" means able or likely to cause harm or injury. (खतरनाक)
• Example: The road conditions were dangerous due to the heavy rain.
• Thus, the correct spelling for the word in the context of the sentence is "dangerous".

Therefore, the correct answer is: Option 4.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Dangerus (खतरनाक): This is an incorrect spelling of "dangerous".
• Example: N/A
• Dangeres (खतरनाक): This is an incorrect spelling of "dangerous".
• Example: N/A
• Dangeris (खतरनाक): This is an incorrect spelling of "dangerous".
• Example: N/A

Question: Polluted air can be dangeros, even if the pollutants are invisible.

The correct answer is: Option 4.

The correct answer is '4' i.e. the best .

Key Points

• The given sentence is asking for a preference among options, hence requiring a superlative form of the adjective.
• In English, when comparing three or more items, the superlative form is used.
• The correct superlative form of "good" is "the best".

Correct sentence: Which flower do you like the best?

Additional Information

• Comparative Form:
• Structure: Adjective + -er or more + adjective.
• Example: She is taller than her brother.
• Usage: Used for comparing two items.
• Superlative Form:
• Structure: Adjective + -est or the most + adjective.
• Example: She is the tallest in her class.
• Usage: Used for comparing three or more items.

The correct answer is: Option 4.

Key Points

• The word "Retrospect" means to look back on or review past events or situations. (पश्चातदृष्टि)
• Example: In retrospect, I realize that I made some mistakes in my previous job.
• "Introspect" means to examine one's own thoughts and feelings. (आत्मनिरीक्षण)
• Example: She decided to introspect and understand her own motivations better.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Option 4.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Prospect (संभावना): The possibility or likelihood of some future event occurring.
• Example: The prospect of a promotion excited him.
• Disrespect (असम्मान): Lack of respect or courtesy.
• Example: His rude behavior showed a lot of disrespect.

The correct answer is: Option 2.

Key Points

• The word "Timid" means showing a lack of courage or confidence; easily frightened. (डरपोक)
• Example: The timid child was afraid to ask questions in class.
• "Bold" refers to someone who is confident and courageous; willing to take risks. (साहसी)
• Example: She made a bold decision to start her own business.
• Hence, we can infer that the opposite of 'timid' is 'bold'.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Option 2.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Oppress (दमन करना): To keep someone in subservience and hardship, especially by the unjust exercise of authority.
• Example: The regime continued to oppress its citizens by limiting their freedoms.
• Modest (विनम्र): Unassuming in the estimation of one's abilities or achievements.
• Example: Despite his success, he remained modest and unassuming.
• Humble (नम्र): Having or showing a modest or low estimate of one's own importance.
• Example: She gave a humble acceptance speech, thanking her team for their hard work.

The correct answer is Option 3.

 

Key Points

• The primary issue in the sentence is the incorrect preposition "at" instead of "in" before "America."
• "In" is the correct preposition to use when referring to living in a country.
• The correct phrase should be "who lives in America," ensuring grammatical correctness and clarity.
• Thus, the error is located in this part of the sentence.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 3.

 

Correct Sentence: "His aunt who lives in America brought a lot of gifts for him and his sister."

 

Additional Information

• Option 1: "His aunt which lives" – This option is incorrect because "which" should be "who" when referring to people.
• Option 2: "lot of gifts by him" – This option is incorrect because it changes the meaning of the sentence.
• Option 4: "and her sister," – This option is incorrect because it changes the possessive pronoun and does not address the main error.
• Option 5: "The correct answer is option 3" – This option is not an actual sentence correction.

The correct answer is: Option 3 i.e. exhausted.

Key Points

• The idiom "blue in the face" means to be extremely tired or exhausted, often after trying very hard to do something. (बेहद थका हुआ)
• Example: He argued until he was blue in the face, but she wouldn't change her mind.
• "Exhausted" means being very tired or having no energy left, often after physical or mental effort. (थका हुआ)
• Example: After running the marathon, she was completely exhausted.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Option 3 i.e. exhausted.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Happy (खुश): Feeling or showing pleasure or contentment.
• Example: She was very happy with the surprise party her friends threw for her.
• Sad (उदास): Feeling or showing sorrow; unhappy.
• Example: He was sad to hear about the passing of his old friend.
• Good (अच्छा): To be desired or approved of.
• Example: She is a good student who always completes her homework on time.

The correct answer is: Option 3.

Key Points

• The word "spilled the beans" means to reveal a secret or disclose information. (राज़ बताना)
• Example: He accidentally spilled the beans about the surprise gift during dinner.
• "Revealed a secret or disclosed information" refers to the act of making information that was meant to be kept private known to others. (गुप्त जानकारी का खुलासा करना)
• Example: She revealed a secret about the upcoming project to her colleague.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Option 3.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Dropped a container of beans (बीन्स का कंटेनर गिरा दिया): To accidentally let a container filled with beans fall.
• Example: He dropped a container of beans in the kitchen, making a loud noise.
• Caused a mess (गड़बड़ पैदा करना): To create a disorderly or unclean situation.
• Example: The children caused a mess in the living room while playing.
• Prepared a bean dish (एक बीन डिश तैयार की): To cook a dish that primarily includes beans.
• Example: She prepared a bean dish for dinner that was both healthy and delicious.

Question: She finally spilled the beans about the surprise party.

The correct answer is: Option 3.

The correct answer is: Option 3 i.e. restored.

Key Points

• The word "ravaged" means severely damaged or devastated. (तहस-नहस)
• Example: The town was ravaged by the hurricane, leaving many homes in ruins.
• "Restored" means to bring back to a former or original condition. (बहाल)
• Example: The old building was restored to its original beauty after years of neglect.
• Hence, we can infer that the opposite of 'ravaged' is 'restored'.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Option 3 i.e. restored.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Ratified (अनुमोदित): To approve or confirm formally.
• Example: The treaty was ratified by all member states.
• Languid (मंद): Showing or having very little strength, energy, or activity.
• Example: After the long hike, they felt too languid to do anything else.
• Influenced (प्रभावित): To have an effect on the character, development, or behavior of someone or something.
• Example: His leadership style was greatly influenced by his mentor.

The correct answer is '1' No substitution required.

Key Points

• The given sentence is an example of the third conditional, which is used to talk about hypothetical situations in the past.
• In a third conditional sentence, the correct form of the verb in the result clause is "could have".
• The structure of the third conditional is "If + past perfect, could have + past participle".

Correct sentence: If she had gone to the party, she could have met Amit.

Additional Information

• 1^st Conditional Sentence:
• Structure: If + Present Simple, will + base verb.
• Example: If it rains, we will cancel the picnic.
• Usage: Describes real or possible situations in the future with likely outcomes.
• 2^nd Conditional Sentence:
• Structure: If + Past Simple, would + base verb.
• Example: If I were an astronaut, I would look at the stars all the time.
• Usage: Describes unreal or hypothetical situations in the present or future.

The correct answer is '2' i.e. dear .

Key Points

• The given sentence aims to describe the current state of commodity prices in the economic scenario.
• The phrase "the dearer" is incorrect as "dear" itself means expensive. Using "the" before "dearer" is grammatically incorrect in this context.
• To make the sentence grammatically correct, the word "dear" should be used without any article or comparative form.

Correct sentence: Commodity prices are dear in the present economic scenario.

Additional Information

• Dear (adjective): This term is used to describe something that is expensive or costly.
• Comparative and Superlative Forms:
• Comparative: dearer (used when comparing two things)
• Superlative: dearest (used when comparing more than two things)

The correct answer is: Option 1 i.e. expect.

Key Points

• The word "expect" means to regard something as likely to happen or anticipate something. (उम्मीद करना)
• Example: We expect the delivery to arrive by tomorrow.
• "Expict" is not a correct spelling of any English word. (गलत वर्तनी)
• Example: N/A
• "Expact" is also not a correct spelling of any English word. (गलत वर्तनी)
• Example: N/A
• "Except" means not including or other than. (के अलावा)
• Example: Everyone was invited to the party except John.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Option 1 i.e. expect.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Expict (गलत वर्तनी): This is not a correct word in English.
• Example: N/A
• Expact (गलत वर्तनी): This is not a correct word in English.
• Example: N/A
• Except (के अलावा): Not including; other than.
• Example: Everyone except Sam was present at the meeting.

The correct answer is: Option 2.

Key Points

• The word "Incredible" means something that is so extraordinary or unbelievable that it is hard to believe. (अविश्वसनीय)
• Example: The magician performed an incredible trick that left the audience in awe.
• "Horrible" refers to something that causes horror; it is very unpleasant. (भयानक)
• Example: The movie had a horrible ending that left everyone feeling uneasy.
• "Ordinary" means something that is commonplace or usual. (साधारण)
• Example: It was just an ordinary day at work with nothing special happening.
• "Exquisite" refers to something that is extremely beautiful and delicate. (अति सुंदर)
• Example: The artist created an exquisite painting that captivated everyone.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Option 2.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Horrible (भयानक): Something that causes horror or is very unpleasant.
• Example: The accident was a horrible experience for everyone involved.
• Ordinary (साधारण): Commonplace or usual.
• Example: She wore an ordinary dress to the party, nothing too fancy.
• Exquisite (अति सुंदर): Extremely beautiful and delicate.
• Example: The jeweler displayed an exquisite collection of diamond rings.

The correct answer is: Teetotaller.

Key Points

• The word "Teetotaller" means a person who abstains from consuming any sort of alcoholic drinks. (शराब न पीने वाला व्यक्ति)
• Example: Despite being at a party with plenty of alcohol, John remained a teetotaller and stuck to drinking soda.
• "Termagant" refers to a harsh-tempered or overbearing woman. (बदमिजाज औरत)
• Example: The old termagant next door always yells at the children playing in the street.
• "Veteran" means a person who has had long experience in a particular field. (अनुभवी व्यक्ति)
• Example: He is a veteran journalist who has worked with several renowned news agencies.
• "Samaritan" refers to a charitable or helpful person. (सहायक व्यक्ति)
• Example: She played the role of a good Samaritan by helping the stranded travelers find a place to stay.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Teetotaller.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Termagant (बदमिजाज औरत): A harsh-tempered or overbearing woman.
• Example: The old termagant next door always yells at the children playing in the street.
• Veteran (अनुभवी व्यक्ति ): A person who has had long experience in a particular field.
• Example: He is a veteran journalist who has worked with several renowned news agencies.
• Samaritan (सहायक व्यक्ति): A charitable or helpful person.
• Example: She played the role of a good Samaritan by helping the stranded travelers find a place to stay.

The correct answer is Option 1.

 

Key Points

• The primary issue in the sentence is the incorrect comparative form "colder" being used instead of the superlative form "coldest."
• When comparing more than two entities, the superlative form of an adjective should be used.
• The correct phrase should be "is the coldest of all the states," ensuring grammatical correctness and clarity.
• Thus, the error is located in part 1 of the sentence.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 1.

 

Correct Sentence: "Alaska in the USA is the coldest of all the states."

 

Additional Information

• Part 4: "Alaska in the USA" – This part of the sentence is grammatically correct and does not require any changes.
• Part 2: "is the colder" – This part contains the error as explained above.
• Part 3: "of all the states." – This part of the sentence is grammatically correct and does not require any changes.
• No error – This would be the correct option if there were no mistakes in the sentence, but there is an error in part 2.

The correct answer is: Option 2.

Key Points

• The word "execute" means to carry out or put into effect a plan, order, or course of action. (क्रियान्वित करना)
• Example: The company hired a new manager to execute their business strategy.
• "Accomplish" means to achieve or complete successfully. (पूरा करना)
• Example: She was able to accomplish all her goals for the year.
• Hence, we can infer that the synonym of 'execute' is 'accomplish'.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Option 2.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Analyse (विश्लेषण करना): Examine methodically and in detail.
• Example: The scientist will analyse the data from the experiment.
• Announce (घोषणा करना): Make a formal public statement about a fact, occurrence, or intention.
• Example: The company will announce its new product line next month.
• Abandon (त्याग देना): To give up completely or to leave behind.
• Example: He decided to abandon his old car in the junkyard.

The correct answer is: Option 3.

Key Points

• The word "Aresst" is incorrectly spelt and it should be "Arrest". The word "Arrest" means to stop or check (progress or a process). (गिरफ्तार करना)
• Example: The police managed to arrest the suspect last night.
• "Arrest" correctly refers to the act of seizing someone to take into custody. (गिरफ्तार करना)
• Example: The quick actions of the police helped arrest the criminal before he could escape.
• Hence, the correct word is "Arrest".

Therefore, the correct answer is: Option 3.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Express (व्यक्त करना): To convey a thought or feeling in words or by gestures and conduct.
• Example: He wanted to express his gratitude for their support.
• Excess (अधिकता): An amount of something that is more than necessary, permitted, or desirable.
• Example: Eating in excess can lead to health problems.
• Harass (परेशान करना): To disturb persistently; torment, as with troubles or cares.
• Example: The employee reported that he was being harassed by his manager.

The correct answer is 'featuring'.

 

Key Points

• The passage discusses the rigging characteristics of a brigantine.
• The appropriate verb should indicate the specific features of the brigantine's rigging.
• "Featuring" fits well as it denotes that the brigantine has fore-and-aft rigging on the mainmast and square rigging on the foremast, which aligns with the context.
• Other options ("focusing", "predicting", "attending") do not fit the context of describing the specific rigging features of the brigantine.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 4'.

 

Complete Passage: A brigantine is a two-masted sailing vessel 1. featuring fore-and-aft rigging on the mainmast and square rigging on the foremast. The pirates that 2. roamed the Mediterranean in the sixteenth century loved it for its speed and ease of handling. The brigantine 3. evolved into a true sailing vessel in the waters of northern Europe. Although the words began to be used interchangeably, it was 4. distinguished from the fully square-rigged brig by its gaff-rigged mainsail. True brigantines, for 5. example , were defined as having square topsails above a gaffed mainsail.

 

Additional Information

• Focusing: "Focusing" means concentrating on something, which does not fit the context of describing the rigging characteristics of a vessel.
• Predicting: "Predicting" means forecasting or estimating, which is not relevant in this context.
• Attending: "Attending" means being present or taking care of something, which does not fit here either.

The correct answer is 'ravaged'.

 

Key Points

• The passage describes the activities of pirates in the Mediterranean in the sixteenth century.
• The appropriate verb should indicate the destructive actions of the pirates in that region.
• "Ravaged" fits well as it means causing severe damage or destruction, which aligns with the context of pirate activities.
• Other options ("transpired", "integrated", "fixed") do not fit the context of describing the aggressive actions of pirates.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 3'.

 

Complete Passage: A brigantine is a two-masted sailing vessel 1. featuring fore-and-aft rigging on the mainmast and square rigging on the foremast. The pirates that 2. ravaged the Mediterranean in the sixteenth century loved it for its speed and ease of handling. The brigantine 3. evolved into a true sailing vessel in the waters of northern Europe. Although the words began to be used interchangeably, it was 4. distinguished from the fully square-rigged brig by its gaff-rigged mainsail. True brigantines, for 5. example were defined as having square topsails above a gaffed mainsail.

 

Additional Information

• Transpired: "Transpired" means happened or occurred, which does not fit the context of pirate actions.
• Integrated: "Integrated" means combined or made into a whole, which does not reflect the aggressive actions of pirates.
• Fixed: "Fixed" means repaired or secured, which is not relevant in this context.

The correct answer is 'evolved'.

 

Key Points

• The passage describes the transformation of the brigantine into a true sailing vessel in northern Europe.
• The appropriate verb should indicate the gradual development or transformation of the brigantine.
• "Evolved" fits well as it denotes the process of gradual development into a more complete or advanced state, which aligns with the context.
• Other options ("submitted", "discharged", "garnished") do not fit the context of describing the developmental process of the brigantine.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 3'.

 

Complete Passage: A brigantine is a two-masted sailing vessel 1. featuring fore-and-aft rigging on the mainmast and square rigging on the foremast. The pirates that 2. ravaged the Mediterranean in the sixteenth century loved it for its speed and ease of handling. The brigantine 3. evolved into a true sailing vessel in the waters of northern Europe. Although the words began to be used interchangeably, it was 4. distinguished from the fully square-rigged brig by its gaff-rigged mainsail. True brigantines, for 5. example , were defined as having square topsails above a gaffed mainsail.

 

Additional Information

• Submitted: "Submitted" means presented or gave in, which does not fit the context of describing the development of the brigantine.
• Discharged: "Discharged" means released or emitted, which is not relevant in this context.
• Garnished: "Garnished" means decorated or embellished, which does not align with describing the developmental process.

The correct answer is 'distinguished'.

 

Key Points

• The passage describes how a brigantine is differentiated from a fully square-rigged brig.
• The appropriate verb should indicate a way to tell the difference between the two types of vessels.
• "Distinguished" fits well as it means recognizing or treating as different.
• Other options ("split", "mourned", "spill") do not fit the context of indicating a distinction.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'distinguished'.

 

Complete Passage: A brigantine is a two-masted sailing vessel 1. featuring fore-and-aft rigging on the mainmast and square rigging on the foremast. The pirates that 2. ravaged the Mediterranean in the sixteenth century loved it for its speed and ease of handling. The brigantine 3. evolved into a true sailing vessel in the waters of northern Europe. Although the words began to be used interchangeably, it was 4. distinguished from the fully square-rigged brig by its gaff-rigged mainsail. True brigantines, for 5. example, were defined as having square topsails above a gaffed mainsail.

 

Additional Information

• Split: "Split" means to break or divide, but it does not convey the act of recognizing the difference between two types of vessels.
• Mourned: "Mourned" means to feel or show deep sorrow, which is not relevant in this context.
• Spill: "Spill" means to cause or allow liquid to flow over the edge of a container, which does not fit the context either.

The correct answer is 'instance'.

 

Key Points

• The passage is providing a specific detail to help define true brigantines.
• The appropriate noun should indicate that what follows is an instance or illustration of the definition.
• "Instance" is appropriate as it is used to illustrate or clarify a concept, which aligns with the context.
• Other options ("mention", "case', "location") are also possible, but "instance" fits the context well.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'instance'.

 

Complete Passage: A brigantine is a two-masted sailing vessel 1. featuring fore-and-aft rigging on the mainmast and square rigging on the foremast. The pirates that 2. ravaged the Mediterranean in the sixteenth century loved it for its speed and ease of handling. The brigantine 3. evolved into a true sailing vessel in the waters of northern Europe. Although the words began to be used interchangeably, it was 4. distinguished from the fully square-rigged brig by its gaff-rigged mainsail. True brigantines, for 5. instance, were defined as having square topsails above a gaffed mainsail.

 

Additional Information

• Mention: "Mention" means to refer briefly, which does not fit the need for a detailed illustration.
• Case: "Case" denotes a situation or occurrence, but "instance" is more precise for illustrating a definition.
• Location: "Location" refers to a place and is not suitable for providing a defining illustration.