SSC MTS 2024 Official Paper (Held On: 07 Oct, 2024 Shift 2) (Previous Year Paper)

Solution:

The ratios of income to expenditure for each year are:

2018: Income = ₹225 crores, Expenditure = ₹175 crores (Ratio = 225/175 = 1.29)

2019: Income = ₹300 crores, Expenditure = ₹250 crores (Ratio = 300/250 = 1.20)

2020: Income = ₹300 crores, Expenditure = ₹225 crores (Ratio = 300/225 = 1.33)

2021: Income = ₹250 crores, Expenditure = ₹150 crores (Ratio = 250/150 = 1.67)

2022: Income = ₹225 crores, Expenditure = ₹200 crores (Ratio = 225/200 = 1.125)

The second highest ratio is 1.33, which occurs in the year 2020.

The ratio of income to expenditure is second highest in the year 2020.

Given:

The number of tablets sold by each dealer in 2022 (in lakhs):

Dealer A: 12 lakhs

Dealer B: 15 lakhs

Dealer C: 10 lakhs

Dealer D: 25 lakhs

Dealer E: 22 lakhs

Solution:

Total number of tablets sold by dealers A, B, and D, E:

Total tablets sold by A and B = 12 + 15 = 27 lakhs

Total tablets sold by D and E = 25 + 22 = 47 lakhs

Difference between the total tablets sold by A, B and D, E:

Difference = 47 - 27 = 20 lakhs

The difference in the total number of tablets sold by A, B and D, E is 20 lakhs.

Shortcut Trick

Ratio of (1/8)th of first part to (1/9)th of second part = 5 : 6

Ratio of First part (x) to Second part (y) = (5 × 8) : (6 × 9) = 40 : 54 = 20 : 27

Total units = 20 + 27 = 47 units → 141

1 unit = 141 ÷ 47 = 3

First part = 20 units = 20 × 3 = 60

∴ The correct answer is 60.

Alternate Method

Given:

Total sum = 141

Let the First part be x and the Second part be y.

Condition 1: x + y = 141

Condition 2: (x/8) : (y/9) = 5 : 6

From Condition 2:

⇒ (x/8) ÷ (y/9) = 5/6

⇒ (x/8) × (9/y) = 5/6

⇒ 9x / 8y = 5/6

⇒ x/y = (5 × 8) / (6 × 9)

⇒ x/y = 40 / 54 = 20 / 27

Now, divide 141 in the ratio 20 : 27:

⇒ First part (x) = [20 / (20 + 27)] × 141

⇒ x = (20 / 47) × 141

⇒ x = 20 × 3

⇒ x = 60

∴ The correct answer is 60.

Additional Information

Ratio Division Rule

To divide a quantity S in the ratio a : b, the first part is [a / (a + b)] × S and the second part is [b / (a + b)] × S.

Compound Ratio

The compound ratio of (a : b) and (c : d) is (ac : bd). In this problem, we converted the fractions into a simplified integer ratio.

Proportionality

If a/b = c/d, then it is a simple proportion. Here, we used the cross-multiplication method to isolate the ratio of variables x and y.

Given:

Diameter of the hemispherical bowl = 14 cm

Radius (r) = 14 / 2 = 7 cm

Rate of painting = ₹20 per 40 cm²

Formula Used:

Surface Area of Hemisphere (inside) = 2πr²

Surface Area of Hemisphere (inside) = Surface Area of Hemisphere (outside)

Calculation:

Surface Area of inside = 2π(7)²

Surface Area of inside = 2π(49)

Surface Area of inside = 98π cm²

Surface Area of outside = 98π cm2

Total Surface Area = 98π + 98π cm2 = 196π cm²

Cost of painting per 40 cm² = ₹20

Cost of painting per cm² = ₹20 / 40

Cost of painting per cm² = ₹0.5

Total Cost = 196 × (22/7) × 0.5

Total Cost = ₹308

The correct answer is option 3.

Given:

Principal (P) = ₹4000

Rate of interest (R) = 4% per year

Time (T) = 3 years

Formula Used:

Simple Interest (SI) = (P × R × T) / 100

Calculation:

SI = (4000 × 4 × 3) / 100

⇒ SI = 48000 / 100

⇒ SI = 480

The simple interest is ₹480.

Given:

The radius of a cylinder is doubled.

The volume of the new cylinder is doubled.

Formula Used:

Volume of a cylinder = πr²h

Calculation:

Let the original radius be r and the original height be h.

Volume of original cylinder = πr²h

The radius of the new cylinder = 2r

Let the height of the new cylinder be h_new.

Volume of the new cylinder = π(2r)²h_new

Volume of the new cylinder = 4πr²h_new

According to the given condition, the volume of the new cylinder is doubled.

⇒ 4πr²h_new = 2πr²h

⇒ 4h_new = 2h

⇒ h_new = 2h / 4

⇒ h_new = h / 2

The height of the new cylinder is 50% of the old cylinder.

The correct answer is option 4.

Shortcut Trick

For any arithmetic progression (like consecutive numbers) with an odd number of terms, the average is exactly equal to the middle term.

Total numbers (n) = 7 (which is odd).

Average of the series = 95.

∴ Middle number = Average = 95.

∴ The correct answer is 95.

Alternate Method

Given:

Number of consecutive terms = 7

Average of terms = 95

Formula Used:

Average = (Sum of all observations) ÷ (Total number of observations)

      x−3 x−2 x−1 x x+1 x+2 x+3   Middle Term = Average = 95 7 Consecutive Numbers

Let the seven consecutive numbers be (x − 3), (x − 2), (x − 1), x, (x + 1), (x + 2), and (x + 3).

⇒ Sum of these 7 numbers = (x − 3) + (x − 2) + (x − 1) + x + (x + 1) + (x + 2) + (x + 3)

⇒ Sum = 7x

⇒ Average = Sum ÷ 7

⇒ 95 = 7x ÷ 7

⇒ x = 95

The middle number in the series is x.

⇒ Middle number = 95.

∴ The correct answer is 95.

Additional Information

Average of Arithmetic Progression (AP)

For any series in AP, the Average = (First Term + Last Term) ÷ 2. In this case, (92 + 98) ÷ 2 = 95.

Middle Term for Even Number of Terms

If there are n terms and n is even, the average is the mean of the two middle terms: [(n/2)^th term + (n/2 + 1)^th term] ÷ 2.

Consecutive Odd or Even Numbers

For consecutive even or odd numbers, the common difference is 2. The property that the average of an odd number of terms equals the middle term still applies.

Given:

Initial speed of the car = 275 km / 5 hr = 55 km/hr

Distance to be covered = 250 km

Reduced speed = 55 km/hr - 5 km/hr = 50 km/hr

Formula Used:

Time = Distance / Speed

Calculation:

Time taken to cover 250 km at 50 km/hr:

⇒ Time = 250 km / 50 km/hr

⇒ Time = 5 hr

The car will take 5 hours to cover 250 km at a reduced speed of 50 km/hr.

Given:

Weights of family members = 40 kg, 49 kg, 56 kg, 66 kg, and 35 kg.

Formula Used:

Average weight = Total weight of all members / Number of members

Calculation:

Total weight = 40 + 49 + 56 + 66 + 35

Total weight = 246 kg

Number of members = 5

Average weight = 246 / 5

⇒ Average weight = 49.2 kg

The average weight of the family is 49.2 kg.

Given:

The number of heads = 60

The number of legs = 150

Each horse has 4 legs.

Each pigeon has 2 legs.

Formula Used:

Let the number of horses be H and the number of pigeons be P.

Total heads = H + P

Total legs = 4H + 2P

Calculation:

From the given information:

H + P = 60

4H + 2P = 150

To solve these equations, multiply the first equation by 2:

2(H + P) = 2 × 60

2H + 2P = 120

Now subtract this equation from the second equation:

4H + 2P - (2H + 2P) = 150 - 120

⇒ 2H = 30

⇒ H = 15

Using H + P = 60:

15 + P = 60

⇒ P = 45

Therefore, the number of horses on the property is 15.

The correct answer is option 3.

Given:

Numbers: 147, 183, 271

Remainders: 11, 13, 16 respectively

Formula Used:

The largest number that can divide the given numbers leaving the given remainders is the HCF (Highest Common Factor) of the differences of the numbers after subtracting the remainders.

Calculation:

Let's find the differences:

147 - 11 = 136

183 - 13 = 170

271 - 16 = 255

We need to find the HCF of 136, 170, and 255.

First, find the HCF of 136 and 170:

Prime factorization of 136: 2³ × 17

Prime factorization of 170: 2 × 5 × 17

Prime factorization of 255: 3 × 5 × 17

Common factor: 17

HCF(34, 255) = 17

The largest number that can divide 147, 183, and 271 leaving remainders 11, 13, and 16 respectively is 17.

The correct answer is option 2.

Given:

Weights of family members: 40 kg, 49 kg, 56 kg, 67 kg, 36 kg.

Formula Used:

Average weight = Total weight of all family members / Number of family members

Calculation:

Total weight = 40 + 49 + 56 + 67 + 36

Total weight = 248 kg

Number of family members = 5

Average weight = Total weight / Number of family members

Average weight = 248 / 5

Average weight = 49.6 kg

The average weight of the family members is 49.6 kg.

Given:

Selling price (SP) = ₹20

Profit percentage = 10%

Desired profit percentage = 50%

Formula Used:

Cost Price (CP) = SP / (1 + Profit %)

New Selling Price (New SP) = CP × (1 + Desired Profit %)

Required increase in selling price = New SP - SP

Calculation:

CP = 20 / (1 + 10/100)

CP = 20 / 1.1

CP = 18.18

New SP = 18.18 × (1 + 50/100)

New SP = 18.18 × 1.5

New SP = 27.27

Required increase in SP = 27.27 - 20

Required increase in SP = 7.27

The correct answer is option 2.

Given:

Anil makes a 20% profit by using false weights.

Calculation:

20% = 1/5

So, CP = 5, SP = 6

According to the question, Dealer uses false the weights in 1 kg

So, SP = 1 kg = 1000 gm

Now,

6 unit = 1000 gram

1 unit = 1000/6 gram

5 unit = 1000/6 × 5 = 5000/6 = 833.33 gram

i.e. CP = 5 unit = 833.33 gram

Hence, the weight given in 1 kilogram is 833.33 grams.

Shortcut Trick

Relative Speed = Distance ÷ Time

⇒ Relative Speed = 240 ÷ 12 = 20 m/s

⇒ 20 m/s = 20 × (18/5) = 72 km/h

⇒ Speed of Train + Speed of Man = 72 km/h

⇒ Speed of Train = 72 − 4.5 = 67.5 km/h

∴ The correct answer is 67.5 km/h.

Alternate Method

Given:

Length of train (L) = 240 m

Speed of man (V_m) = 4.5 km/h

Time taken (t) = 12 seconds

Formula Used:

Relative Speed = (Length of Train) ÷ Time

Calculations:

⇒ Let the speed of the train be V_t km/h.

⇒ Relative speed in opposite direction = (V_t + 4.5) km/h

⇒ Convert Relative speed to m/s: (V_t + 4.5) × (5/18) m/s

⇒ (V_t + 4.5) × (5/18) = 240 ÷ 12

⇒ (V_t + 4.5) × (5/18) = 20

⇒ V_t + 4.5 = 20 × (18/5)

⇒ V_t + 4.5 = 4 × 18

⇒ V_t + 4.5 = 72

⇒ V_t = 72 − 4.5 = 67.5 km/h

∴ The correct answer is 67.5 km/h.

Additional Information

Relative Speed Concept

When two objects move in opposite directions, their relative speed is the sum of their individual speeds (V₁ + V₂).

Unit Conversion

To convert km/h to m/s, multiply by 5/18. To convert m/s to km/h, multiply by 18/5.

Train Crossing a Man

When a train crosses a stationary or moving point object (like a man, pole, or tree), the distance covered is equal to the length of the train.

Given:

Volume of the hemisphere = 486π cm³

Formula Used:

Volume of a hemisphere = (2/3)πr³

Curved Surface Area (CSA) of a hemisphere = 2πr²

Calculation:

Given Volume,

(2/3)πr³ = 486π

⇒ r³ = (3/2) × 486

⇒ r³ = 729

⇒ r = 9 cm

If the radius is tripled, new radius = 3r = 3 × 9 = 27 cm

Curved Surface Area (CSA) = 2π(27)²

⇒ CSA = 2π × 729

⇒ CSA = 1458π cm²

The correct answer is option 3.

Given:

Ratio of salaries of A and B = 2:3

A's expenditure = (1/2) of the salary

Their savings are equal.

Formula Used:

Savings = Income - Expenditure

Calculation:

Let A's salary be 2x and B's salary be 3x.

A's expenditure = (1/2) × 2x = x

A's savings = 2x - x = x

B's savings = x (since their savings are equal)

B's expenditure = B's salary - B's savings

B's expenditure = 3x - x = 2x

Percentage of B's income spent = (B's expenditure / B's income) × 100

Percentage of B's income spent = (2x / 3x) × 100

Percentage of B's income spent = (2/3) × 100

$\frac{2}{3} \times 100 = 66.67$

The correct answer is option 1 (66.67%).

Given:

Principal (P) = ₹3000

Rate of Interest (R) = 6% per year

Time (T) = 5 years

Formula Used:

Simple Interest (SI) = (P × R × T) / 100

Calculation:

SI = (3000 × 6 × 5) / 100

⇒ SI = (3000 × 30) / 100

⇒ SI = 90000 / 100

⇒ SI = 900

The simple interest on ₹3000 at 6% per year for 5 years is ₹900.

Given:

Principal (P) = ₹760

Amount (A) = ₹912

Time (T) = 5 years

Formula Used:

Simple Interest (SI) = Amount (A) - Principal (P)

SI = P × R × T / 100

Rate (R) = (SI × 100) / (P × T)

Calculation:

Simple Interest (SI) = ₹912 - ₹760 = ₹152

Rate (R) = (₹152 × 100) / (₹760 × 5)

⇒ Rate (R) = 15200 / 3800 = 4%

The correct rate percent per annum is 4%.

Given:

Trader A's single discount = 45%

Trader B's successive discounts = 35% and 10%

Difference in discount = ₹539

Formula Used:

Discount Amount = Marked Price × Discount Percentage

Calculation:

Let the marked price be ₹M.

Discount given by Trader A = 45% of M = 0.45M

Discount given by Trader B:

First discount = 35% of M = 0.35M

Price after first discount = M - 0.35M = 0.65M

Second discount = 10% of 0.65M = 0.065M

Total discount by Trader B = 0.35M + 0.065M = 0.415M

Given difference in discounts:

0.45M - 0.415M = ₹539

0.035M = ₹539

⇒ M = 539 / 0.035

⇒ M = 15400

The marked price of the item is ₹15400.

Given code language:

Pet is common in both the code language.

So, Pet is coded as 'lk'.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 1".

The logic follow here is:

Logic: (1st number)² - 1 = 2nd number.

For, 

10, 99

→ (10)² - 1

→ 100 - 1

→ 99 = 2nd number.

For,

21, 440

→ (21)2 - 1

→ 441 - 1

→ 440 = 2nd number.

Similarly, for

30, 899

→ (30)2 - 1

→ 900 - 1

→ 899 = 2nd number.

Hence, the correct is "Option 1".

The pattern follow here is:

Option 2 complete this series.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 2".

The least possible venn diagram:

Conclusions:

(I) Some lights are beds → False ( As, there is no direct relation between lights and beds. so, it can be possible but not definite)

(II) All beds are fans →  False ( As, some fans are beds. so, it can be possible but not definite)

Thus, Neither conclusion I nor II follows.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 1".

Given:

Seven people A, B, C, D, E, F and G are sitting around a circular table, facing the center.

F is sitting fourth to the right of D. E is sitting second to the left of F.

B is sitting to the immediate left of G. A is not an immediate neighbour of F.

Thus, two people sitting between D and C when counted from the right of D

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 1".

The pattern follow here is:

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 1".

Given:

As, boy is common in both the code language.

So, code for boy is 'xd'.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 4".

Given:

A, B, P, Q, Y, and Z are sitting around a circular table facing the centre.

Q sits to the immediate left of B. Y sits to the immediate right of B.

A sits second to the right of B. P sits second to the right of A

Thus, 'B' sit third to the right of Z.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 4".

The correct mirror image of the given figure when the mirror is held at the right side is:

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 3".

Given:

As, food is common in both the code language.

So, code for food is 'sj'.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 4".

Given equation:

14 ÷ 7 − 27 × 9 + 12 = ?

if '+' and '−' are interchanged and '×' and '÷' are interchanged

After interchanging the signs, the equation we get:

→ 14 × 7 + 27 ÷ 9 - 12 = ?

→ 14 × 7 + 3 - 12 

→ 98 + 3 - 12 

→ 101 - 12 

→ 89

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 2".

The logic follow here is:

EX04 is related to ZS16

And, 

UN06 is related to PI36

Similarly,

WP07 related to

Thus, WP07 is related to 'RK49'

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 2".

The logic follow here is:

Thus, '86.25' will be the next in the series.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 4".

The least possible venn diagram:

Conclusions:

(I): Some roses are sunflowers → False(As, there is no direct relation between roses and sunflowers. so, it can be possible but not definite) 

(II): All lilies are roses → False(As, all roses are lilies. so,  All lilies are roses can be possible but not definite) 

Thus, Neither conclusion I nor II follows.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 2".

The logic follow here is:

'BUY' is written as 'ACTVXZ'

And,

'CAP' is written as 'BDZBOQ'

Similarly,

'BOX' is written as

Thus, 'BOX' is written as 'ACNPWY'.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 1".

Given equation:

5 ÷ 4 − 3 × 1 + 2 = ?

if '+' and '−' are interchanged and '×' and '÷' are interchanged

After interchanging the signs, the equation we get:

→ 5 × 4 + 3 ÷ 1 - 2 = ?

→ 20 + 3 - 2

→ 20 + 1

→ 21

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 1".

The logic follow here is :

GYEV is related to DBBY 

And,

XHVE is related to UKSH

Similarly,

LTJQ is related to

Thus, LTJQ is related to 'IWGT'

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 1".

The logic follow here is:

Logic: (1st number × 7) - 5 = 2nd number. 

14 is related to 93

→ (14 × 7) - 5

→ 98 - 5

→ 93

For, 

6 is related to 37

→ (6 × 7) - 5

→ 42 - 5

→ 37

Similarly, 

11 is related,

→ (11 × 7) - 5

→ 77 - 5

→ 72

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 2".

The hidden image will be:

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 4".

The logic follow here is:

Thus, 'PVH' will be the next in the series.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 4".

The correct answer is The Kalinga War.

Key Points

• The Kalinga War occurred in 261 BCE and was fought between the Maurya Empire led by Emperor Ashoka and the state of Kalinga (modern-day Odisha).
• The war resulted in a massive loss of life and caused significant suffering, deeply affecting Ashoka and leading to his remorse and transformation.
• Following the war, Ashoka embraced Buddhism and adopted a policy of non-violence (Ahimsa) and Dharma (moral law) in his administration.
• This change is evident in his inscriptions, particularly the Rock Edict XIII, which describes his sorrow over the Kalinga War and his resolve to follow the path of Dharma.

Additional Information

• Edicts of Ashoka
• Ashoka's edicts are a collection of 33 inscriptions on pillars, boulders, and cave walls, detailing his policies and moral teachings.
• They are a crucial source of information on Ashoka's reign and his efforts to spread Buddhism and promote ethical governance.
• Buddhism and Ashoka
• After the Kalinga War, Ashoka became a devout Buddhist and significantly contributed to the spread of Buddhism across Asia.
• He sent missionaries to various regions, including Sri Lanka, Southeast Asia, and the Hellenistic world.
• Kalinga
• Kalinga was a prosperous and culturally rich region located on the eastern coast of India.
• Its strategic location made it a significant target for Ashoka's expansionist policies.
• Dharma
• Dharma in Ashoka's context refers to moral law and ethical principles, which he aimed to incorporate into his administration.
• He emphasized principles such as non-violence, compassion, and respect for all life forms.

The correct answer is The Regulating Act, 1773.

Key Points

• The Regulating Act, 1773 was the first act passed by the British Parliament to control the administration of the East India Company in India.
• It marked the beginning of parliamentary oversight and introduced significant administrative reforms in the governance of the company.
• The Act designated the Governor of Bengal as the Governor-General of Bengal, with Warren Hastings being the first to hold this position.
• The Governor-General was given authority over the presidencies of Madras and Bombay, establishing a centralized administrative structure.
• A Supreme Court was also established in Calcutta (now Kolkata) as part of the act to administer justice according to British law.

Additional Information

• The Government of India Act, 1858
• This act marked the end of the East India Company's rule and the beginning of direct control by the British Crown.
• It transferred the administration of India to the British monarchy, establishing the office of the Secretary of State for India.
• The act aimed to improve governance and centralize authority under the British government.
• The Government of India Act, 1909
• Also known as the Morley-Minto Reforms, this act introduced significant changes in the Indian legislative structure.
• It expanded the legislative councils at both central and provincial levels and allowed for greater Indian representation.
• The act introduced separate electorates for Muslims, a significant development in Indian political history.
• The Government of India Act, 1935
• This was the longest act passed by the British Parliament concerning the governance of India.
• It proposed the establishment of a federal structure in India, including the creation of provinces and princely states.
• The act introduced provincial autonomy and expanded the electorate significantly.
• It laid the foundation for the eventual independence and partition of India in 1947.

The correct answer is Only b.

Key Points

• The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) measures the economic performance of a country by calculating the total value of all final goods and services produced within a country's borders in a given time period.
• Only the value of final goods is considered to avoid the issue of double counting, which occurs if intermediate goods are counted multiple times in the production process.
• Double counting can lead to an inflated and inaccurate measure of the GDP, as it would count the same value more than once.
• Intermediate goods are not included in GDP calculations since their value is already encapsulated in the price of the final goods.

Additional Information

• Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
• GDP is the total monetary or market value of all the finished goods and services produced within a country's borders in a specific time period.
• It serves as a comprehensive scorecard of a country’s economic health.
• GDP can be measured using three approaches: production (or output or value added) approach, income approach, and expenditure approach.
• Final Goods
• Final goods are goods that have been completed and are ready for sale to the end consumer.
• Examples include cars, household appliances, and groceries.
• Intermediate Goods
• Intermediate goods are products used in the production of final goods or services.
• Examples include raw materials like steel, wood, and other components that are used in manufacturing.
• Value Added
• Value added refers to the additional value created at each stage of production.
• It is the difference between the cost of inputs and the value of outputs.

The correct answer is Pallava.

Key Points

• The Shore Temple at Mahabalipuram was constructed during the reign of the Pallava king Narasimhavarman II, also known as Rajasimha.
• It is one of the earliest stone-built temples in South India, dating back to the 8th century.
• The temple complex is a UNESCO World Heritage Site, recognized for its historical and architectural significance.
• The Shore Temple is renowned for its Dravidian architectural style and intricate carvings depicting various Hindu deities and mythological scenes.

Additional Information

• Pallava Dynasty
• The Pallava dynasty ruled parts of South India from the 3rd century to the 9th century AD.
• Their capital was Kanchipuram, a significant cultural and religious center.
• The Pallavas were known for their patronage of arts, architecture, and education.
• They played a crucial role in the development of Dravidian architecture, as seen in their rock-cut temples and sculptures.
• Mahabalipuram
• Mahabalipuram, also known as Mamallapuram, is a historic town in Tamil Nadu, India.
• It is famous for its rock-cut caves, monolithic structures, and temples built during the Pallava period.
• The site includes landmarks like the Pancha Rathas, Arjuna's Penance, and the Shore Temple.
• Mahabalipuram is a popular tourist destination and a significant archaeological site.
• Narasimhavarman II (Rajasimha)
• Narasimhavarman II, also known as Rajasimha, was a prominent Pallava ruler who reigned during the 7th and 8th centuries.
• He is credited with the construction of several architectural marvels in Mahabalipuram, including the Shore Temple.
• Under his rule, the Pallava kingdom experienced a period of cultural and artistic flourishing.
• Rajasimha's contributions to temple architecture have left a lasting legacy in South Indian history.
• Dravidian Architecture
• Dravidian architecture is a style of temple architecture that emerged in Southern India.
• It is characterized by pyramid-shaped towers (vimanas), intricate sculptures, and elaborate carvings.
• Prominent examples include the Brihadeeswarar Temple, Meenakshi Temple, and Shore Temple.
• This architectural style significantly influenced the construction of Hindu temples across South India and Southeast Asia.

The correct answer is Nagaland.

Key Points

• Yanthungo Patton is the current Deputy Chief Minister of Nagaland as of February 2024.
• He has been serving as the Deputy Chief Minister since March 2018.
• Yanthungo Patton is a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP).
• He also holds the Home Department portfolio in the Nagaland government.
• Nagaland is a state in Northeast India, and its capital is Kohima.

Additional Information

• Nagaland
• Nagaland is a mountainous state in Northeast India, known for its diverse indigenous tribes.
• The state is bordered by Assam to the west, Arunachal Pradesh to the north, Myanmar to the east, and Manipur to the south.
• Nagaland became the 16th state of India on 1 December 1963.
• The Hornbill Festival, held annually in December, is a major cultural event in Nagaland.
• Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP)
• The BJP is one of the two major political parties in India, along with the Indian National Congress (INC).
• Founded in 1980, it has been the ruling party in India since 2014 under the leadership of Prime Minister Narendra Modi.
• The party's policies reflect Hindu nationalist positions and economic liberalism.
• Home Department
• The Home Department is responsible for the maintenance of internal security and domestic policy.
• It oversees police, law and order, and implementation of laws within the state.
• In Nagaland, this department is crucial due to the insurgency and security challenges in the region.

The correct answer is Goitre.

Key Points

• Goitre is a condition characterized by the abnormal enlargement of the thyroid gland.
• It is most commonly caused by an iodine deficiency, which is an essential mineral for thyroid hormone production.
• The condition is often seen in areas where the diet is deficient in iodine, such as mountainous regions.
• Goitre can lead to symptoms like swelling in the neck, difficulty breathing or swallowing, and hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism.
• Prevention includes ensuring adequate iodine intake through iodized salt or iodine supplements.

Additional Information

• Thyroid Gland
• The thyroid gland is located in the neck and produces hormones that regulate metabolism, growth, and development.
• It uses iodine from the diet to produce thyroid hormones, primarily thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3).
• Thyroid hormone levels are crucial for normal brain development, especially during the early stages of life.
• Iodine Deficiency
• Iodine is a trace mineral found in certain foods and is necessary for the production of thyroid hormones.
• Deficiency can lead to various health issues, including goitre, hypothyroidism, and developmental abnormalities in children.
• Marine foods, dairy products, and iodized salt are good sources of dietary iodine.
• Hypothyroidism
• It is a condition where the thyroid gland does not produce enough thyroid hormones.
• Symptoms include fatigue, weight gain, cold intolerance, and depression.
• Treatment typically involves hormone replacement therapy with synthetic thyroxine (T4).
• Hyperthyroidism
• It is a condition where the thyroid gland produces excess thyroid hormones.
• Symptoms include weight loss, rapid heartbeat, sweating, and irritability.
• Treatment may involve antithyroid medications, radioactive iodine therapy, or surgery.

The correct answer is February.

Key Points

• The Sekrenyi festival is celebrated annually by the Angami tribe of Nagaland.
• The festival is part of the Mini Hornbill Tribal Festival, which is a state-level celebration of various tribal cultures in Nagaland.
• The Sekrenyi festival usually starts on the 25th of February and lasts for ten days.
• The festival is a celebration of purification and renewal, accompanied by traditional feasting, singing, and dancing.

Additional Information

• Hornbill Festival
• Known as the 'Festival of Festivals', it is held annually in the first week of December in Nagaland.
• The festival showcases the rich culture and traditions of the Naga tribes through performances, crafts, sports, food fairs, and games.
• Mini Hornbill Festival
• It is a smaller version of the Hornbill Festival celebrated at different times in various districts of Nagaland.
• The festival aims to promote the unique cultures of different Naga tribes.
• Angami Tribe
• One of the major tribes in Nagaland, predominantly found in the Kohima district.
• They are known for their traditional wooden architecture and rich cultural heritage.
• Nagaland
• A state in northeastern India, known for its diverse indigenous tribes and vibrant cultural heritage.
• It shares international borders with Myanmar and domestic borders with Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, and Manipur.

The correct answer is Madhya Pradesh.

Key Points

• Purushottam Dadheech is a highly acclaimed Kathak dancer known for his exceptional contributions to the art form.
• He has been honored with the Padma Shri award in 2020 for his significant impact on Indian classical dance, especially Kathak.
• Purushottam Dadheech hails from Madhya Pradesh, a state with a rich cultural heritage and history in classical dance forms.
• He is credited with the revival and popularization of the ancient Kathak dance style in various parts of India and abroad.

Additional Information

• Kathak Dance
• Kathak is one of the eight major forms of Indian classical dance.
• It originated from Northern India and is traditionally attributed to the traveling bards of ancient northern India known as Kathakars or storytellers.
• This dance form emphasizes intricate footwork, spins, and expressive gestures and facial expressions.
• Kathak has three main gharanas (schools): Lucknow, Jaipur, and Banaras, each with its distinct style and repertoire.
• Padma Shri Award
• Padma Shri is the fourth highest civilian award in India, instituted in 1954.
• It is awarded to Indian citizens to recognize their distinguished contribution in various spheres of activity, including the arts, education, industry, literature, science, sports, medicine, social service, and public affairs.
• The award is announced every year on Republic Day.
• Madhya Pradesh's Cultural Contributions
• Madhya Pradesh is known as the "Heart of India" due to its geographical location.
• It has a rich cultural heritage, reflected in its music, dance, and festivals.
• The state is home to various classical and folk dance forms, including Kathak and the tribal dance forms of the Gonds and Bhils.

The correct answer is Wrestling Federation of India.

Key Points

• The Wrestling Federation of India (WFI) is the governing body for wrestling in India.
• It is responsible for organizing and overseeing wrestling competitions and events at various levels within the country.
• WFI plays a crucial role in the development and promotion of wrestling talent in India.
• It is affiliated with the United World Wrestling (UWW), the international governing body for the sport of wrestling.
• WFI ensures that Indian wrestlers participate in international competitions, including the Olympics, World Championships, and Commonwealth Games.

Additional Information

• United World Wrestling (UWW)
• UWW is the international governing body for the sport of wrestling.
• It oversees wrestling activities worldwide and sets the rules and regulations for the sport.
• UWW organizes major international competitions, including the World Wrestling Championships.
• Olympic Wrestling
• Wrestling is one of the oldest sports in the Olympic Games, with its origins tracing back to ancient Greece.
• There are two styles of Olympic wrestling: freestyle and Greco-Roman.
• Wrestling has been a part of the modern Olympic Games since the first edition in 1896.
• Commonwealth Games Wrestling
• Wrestling is also a part of the Commonwealth Games, which is a multi-sport event held every four years.
• Indian wrestlers have historically performed well in the Commonwealth Games, winning numerous medals.
• National Wrestling Championships
• WFI organizes the National Wrestling Championships in various weight categories and age groups.
• These championships serve as a platform for selecting athletes for international competitions.

The correct answer is King Rajendra.

Key Points

• King Rajendra Chola I was the son and successor of Rajaraja Chola I.
• He ruled the Chola dynasty in South India from 1014 to 1044 CE.
• Gangaikonda-Cholapuram was established as the capital by Rajendra Chola I after his victorious expedition to the Ganges River.
• The temple at Gangaikonda-Cholapuram is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and is renowned for its grand architecture and intricate sculptures.

Additional Information

• Chola Dynasty
• The Chola Dynasty was one of the longest-ruling dynasties in Southern India, spanning from the 9th to the 13th centuries.
• The dynasty is known for its significant contributions to Tamil culture, art, and architecture.
• The Cholas expanded their influence across South East Asia, including parts of Sri Lanka, the Maldives, and Indonesia.
• The Chola period is often regarded as a golden age for Tamil literature and temple architecture.
• Gangaikonda-Cholapuram Temple
• The temple is dedicated to Lord Shiva and is known for its massive lingam, which is one of the largest in India.
• It was built to commemorate Rajendra Chola's victory over the Pala Dynasty and his subsequent expedition to the Ganges River.
• The architectural style is Dravidian, and the temple complex includes a large Nandi statue and intricately carved pillars.
• The temple is often compared to the Brihadeeswarar Temple in Thanjavur, another masterpiece of Chola architecture.

The correct answer is Nainital.

Key Points

• Nainital is a popular hill station in the Indian state of Uttarakhand.
• It is known for its scenic beauty and the Naini Lake, which is a natural freshwater body.
• Nainital is not a lagoon; it is a natural lake situated in a mountainous region.
• Lagoons are shallow bodies of water separated from a larger body of water by barrier islands, reefs, or sandbanks.
• Examples of lagoons include Chilika, Pulicat, and Kolleru, which are coastal lagoons found in India.

Additional Information

• Lagoon
• A lagoon is a shallow body of water separated from a larger sea by a barrier such as a sandbank, coral reef, or barrier island.
• Lagoons can be coastal (formed by the sea) or atoll (formed by coral reefs).
• They are typically found in coastal regions and can vary greatly in size.
• Examples of famous lagoons include the Venice Lagoon in Italy and the Blue Lagoon in Iceland.
• Chilika Lake
• Chilika Lake is the largest coastal lagoon in India and the second largest in the world.
• Located in the state of Odisha, it is known for its biodiversity, especially its bird population.
• It is a brackish water lagoon, meaning it has a mix of saltwater and freshwater.
• Pulicat Lake
• Pulicat Lake is the second largest brackish water lagoon in India.
• It is located on the border of Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu.
• The lagoon supports a variety of flora and fauna, including migratory birds.
• Kolleru Lake
• Kolleru Lake is one of the largest freshwater lakes in India, located in Andhra Pradesh.
• Though primarily a freshwater lake, it can become brackish during certain seasons.
• The lake is a key habitat for various species of birds and fish.

The correct answer is Andhra Pradesh.

Key Points

• Dappu dance is a traditional folk dance form originating from Andhra Pradesh.
• This dance is typically performed by the Mala and Madiga communities of the state.
• The dance involves the use of a percussion instrument called Dappu, which is a tambourine-like drum.
• It is mainly performed during festivals and celebrations, such as Sankranti and other local festivities.
• The dance is known for its energetic and rhythmic movements, which are synchronized with the beats of the Dappu.

Additional Information

• Andhra Pradesh:
• Located in the southeastern part of India, it is known for its rich cultural heritage and historical significance.
• The state is famous for its classical dance forms like Kuchipudi, in addition to several folk dances.
• Andhra Pradesh has a diverse range of musical forms and dances that reflect the state's traditions and customs.
• The state celebrates many festivals with grandeur, including Ugadi, Sankranti, and Diwali.
• Folk Dances in India:
• India is home to a vast number of folk dances, each unique to its region and culture.
• Folk dances are often performed during festivals, marriages, and other social events.
• Examples include Bhangra from Punjab, Garba from Gujarat, and Lavani from Maharashtra.
• These dances usually involve vibrant costumes, rhythmic music, and expressive movements.
• Importance of Folk Dances:
• Folk dances preserve the cultural heritage and traditions of a community.
• They are a means of storytelling and convey cultural values and histories.
• Folk dances promote social cohesion and unity among community members.
• They are an important aspect of cultural identity and pride for the regions they originate from.
• Dappu Instrument:
• The Dappu is a percussion instrument used in various folk dances in Andhra Pradesh.
• It is a type of tambourine made from leather stretched over a wooden frame.
• The instrument is played with sticks and hands, producing a rhythmic beat that guides the dance.
• Dappu playing requires skill and is often passed down through generations in the performing communities.

The correct answer is Sedition Law.

Key Points

• The Law Commission of India, in its 279th report released in April 2023, has recommended the retention of the Sedition Law under Section 124A of the Indian Penal Code.
• The Sedition Law is aimed at penalizing actions that incite hatred, contempt, or disaffection towards the government established by law.
• This recommendation comes amid ongoing debates and legal challenges questioning the relevance and misuse of the Sedition Law in contemporary times.
• In its report, the Law Commission suggested amendments to the law to prevent its misuse while ensuring national security and stability.
• The Commission highlighted the importance of balancing free speech and expression with the need to maintain public order and the sovereignty of the state.

Additional Information

• Indian Penal Code (IPC) Section 124A
• Section 124A of the IPC deals with the offense of sedition.
• It was introduced in 1870 during the British colonial rule to suppress dissent and resistance against the government.
• The punishment under this section includes imprisonment for life, with or without a fine, or imprisonment up to three years, with or without a fine.
• The law has been a subject of controversy and criticism for its potential misuse to curb dissent and freedom of speech.
• Freedom of Speech and Expression
• Article 19(1)(a) of the Indian Constitution guarantees the right to freedom of speech and expression to all citizens.
• This right is not absolute and is subject to reasonable restrictions in the interests of sovereignty, integrity, and security of the state, public order, decency, or morality.
• The balance between sedition laws and freedom of speech has been a contentious issue in Indian jurisprudence.
• Judicial Interpretation of Sedition
• The Supreme Court of India, in several landmark judgments, has interpreted the scope and application of sedition laws.
• In the Kedar Nath Singh vs State of Bihar case (1962), the Supreme Court upheld the constitutionality of Section 124A but limited its application to acts involving incitement to violence or intention to create public disorder.
• The court emphasized that mere criticism of the government or its policies, without incitement to violence, does not constitute sedition.
• Recent Debates and Reforms
• There have been calls from various quarters, including human rights activists and legal experts, to repeal or amend the sedition law to prevent its misuse.
• The Law Commission's recommendations are part of the ongoing efforts to review and reform outdated and controversial laws in India.
• Any amendments to the sedition law would require careful consideration to balance national security concerns with the protection of fundamental rights.

The correct answer is Roca.

Key Points

• Roca is not a term associated with slash and burn agriculture in Odisha.
• Slash and burn agriculture in Odisha is commonly known by names such as Bringa, Pama Dabi, and Koman.
• This agricultural practice involves clearing forested land by slashing vegetation and burning it to create fields for cultivation.
• The ash from the burned vegetation provides nutrients to the soil, which is used for farming until the fertility decreases.
• After the soil's fertility wanes, the land is left fallow, and the cycle is repeated on a new plot of land.

Additional Information

• Slash and Burn Agriculture
• This is a traditional method of agriculture where natural vegetation is cut down and burned as a method of clearing the land for cultivation.
• It is also known as shifting cultivation due to the shifting nature of crop fields.
• Commonly practiced in regions of Latin America, Africa, and Southeast Asia, besides some parts of India.
• While it can be sustainable when practiced by small communities with long fallow periods, it can lead to deforestation, soil degradation, and loss of biodiversity when done extensively.
• Environmental Impact
• Slash and burn agriculture can result in the release of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases into the atmosphere.
• It can also contribute to soil erosion and a loss of soil fertility over time.
• Increased deforestation due to this practice can lead to habitat loss for many species.
• Efforts are being made globally to find more sustainable agricultural practices to replace slash and burn methods.
• Sustainable Alternatives
• Agroforestry: Integrating trees and shrubs into crop and livestock farming systems.
• Crop Rotation: Alternating crops in a field to maintain soil fertility and reduce pest and disease problems.
• Conservation Agriculture: Techniques such as minimal soil disturbance, maintaining soil cover, and crop diversification.
• Organic Farming: Using natural processes and materials for farming to maintain soil health and ecological balance.

The correct answer is ₹4,669.99 crore.

Key Points

• The Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI) earned a significant sum of ₹4,669.99 crore from the sale of five teams in the inaugural Women's Indian Premier League (WPL).
• The WPL marks a historic milestone in promoting women's cricket in India and globally.
• This financial success reflects the growing popularity and commercial potential of women's sports in the country.
• Each team in the WPL was sold to various bidders, including corporate giants and sports franchises.
• The league aims to provide a professional platform for women cricketers, enhancing their skills and career opportunities.

Additional Information

• Women's Indian Premier League (WPL)
• The WPL is a professional cricket league for women in India, managed by the BCCI.
• The inaugural season took place in 2023, with the aim of promoting women's cricket and providing a high-level competition.
• The league structure is similar to the men's Indian Premier League (IPL), featuring franchise-based teams.
• The WPL serves as a significant platform for emerging women cricketers to showcase their talent on a global stage.
• BCCI's Role in Indian Cricket
• The Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI) is the national governing body for cricket in India.
• Established in 1928, BCCI is responsible for organizing domestic and international cricket matches involving the Indian team.
• BCCI also oversees the development and promotion of cricket at all levels within the country.
• It is one of the richest and most powerful cricket boards in the world, significantly influencing global cricket policies.
• Commercial Impact of Cricket Leagues
• Cricket leagues like the IPL and WPL generate substantial revenue through team sales, sponsorships, and broadcasting rights.
• These leagues provide lucrative opportunities for players, franchises, and associated businesses.
• They also play a crucial role in popularizing the sport and increasing its fan base worldwide.
• Successful leagues contribute to the overall economic growth by creating jobs and boosting related industries such as tourism and merchandising.
• Growth of Women's Sports
• There has been a significant rise in the popularity and support for women's sports globally.
• Initiatives like the WPL contribute to gender equality in sports by providing equal opportunities and visibility to women athletes.
• Increased media coverage and sponsorship deals are helping to bridge the gap between men's and women's sports.
• Women athletes are emerging as role models, inspiring younger generations to pursue sports professionally.

The correct answer is Brain cells.

Key Points

• Epilepsy is a neurological disorder primarily affecting the brain cells.
• It is characterized by recurrent, unprovoked seizures due to abnormal electrical activity in the brain.
• Seizures can vary from brief and nearly undetectable to long periods of vigorous shaking.
• Epilepsy can be caused by various factors including genetics, brain injury, or other underlying health conditions.

Additional Information

• Seizure Types:
• Seizures are broadly classified into two categories: focal (partial) seizures and generalized seizures.
• Focal seizures originate from one area of the brain, while generalized seizures affect both hemispheres.
• Diagnosis:
• Diagnosis typically involves neurological exams, EEG (electroencephalogram), and imaging tests like MRI or CT scans.
• These tests help identify the underlying cause and the type of epilepsy.
• Treatment:
• Treatment options include anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs), lifestyle changes, surgery, or neurostimulation devices.
• The choice of treatment depends on the type of seizures, their frequency, and the individual's overall health.
• Impact on Life:
• Epilepsy can significantly impact daily life, affecting education, employment, and social interactions.
• Proper management and support can help individuals lead fulfilling lives despite the condition.

The correct answer is Force, Velocity, Momentum, Weight and Acceleration.

Key Points

• Force is a vector quantity as it has both magnitude and direction. It is defined as an interaction that, when unopposed, will change the motion of an object.
• Velocity is a vector quantity that denotes the rate of change of position with respect to time and specifies both magnitude and direction.
• Momentum is a vector quantity defined as the product of an object's mass and its velocity, indicating the amount of motion an object has.
• Weight is a vector quantity because it is the force exerted on a body due to gravity, which has both magnitude and direction (towards the center of the Earth).
• Acceleration is a vector quantity that describes the rate of change of velocity with respect to time, including both magnitude and direction.

Additional Information

• Scalars vs Vectors
• Scalars are quantities that are fully described by a magnitude (or numerical value) alone, such as mass, speed, energy, and work.
• Vectors are quantities that are described by both a magnitude and a direction, such as force, velocity, acceleration, and momentum.
• Direction Importance in Vectors
• Direction is crucial for vector quantities as it determines the specific way in which the quantity acts, which can impact the resultant effect when combined with other vectors.
• Vector quantities can be represented graphically by arrows, where the length of the arrow indicates the magnitude, and the direction of the arrow shows the direction of the vector.
• Applications of Vectors in Physics
• Vectors are essential in physics for describing various phenomena such as force, motion, and fields (gravitational, electric, magnetic).
• Understanding vector quantities is fundamental in mechanics, electromagnetism, and fluid dynamics.
• Vector Addition and Subtraction
• Vectors are added or subtracted using graphical methods like the head-to-tail method or by breaking them into components and adding the respective components algebraically.
• The resultant vector is obtained by combining these components, which gives a complete picture of the overall effect of the combined vectors.

The correct answer is 2005.

Key Points

• The National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (NREGA) was passed by the Indian Parliament in 2005.
• The act aims to enhance the livelihood security of households in rural areas by providing at least 100 days of guaranteed wage employment in a financial year to every household whose adult members volunteer to do unskilled manual work.
• The act was later renamed as the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) in 2009.
• Dr. Manmohan Singh was the Prime Minister of India when NREGA was enacted.
• The scheme is considered one of the largest and most ambitious social security and public works programs in the world.

Additional Information

• Objective of NREGA:
• The primary objective is to enhance livelihood security in rural areas by providing at least 100 days of wage employment in a financial year.
• Secondary objectives include creating durable assets, improving water security, soil conservation, and higher land productivity.
• Implementation:
• Implemented by the Ministry of Rural Development, Government of India.
• The scheme operates on a decentralized, participatory planning approach.
• Funding:
• The central government bears the cost of wages for unskilled labor, 75% of the cost of materials, and certain administrative costs.
• Transparency and Accountability:
• Use of IT and biometric systems for transparency.
• Social audits and the establishment of grievance redressal mechanisms to ensure accountability.
• Impact:
• Has significantly contributed to poverty reduction in rural areas.
• Empowered rural women by providing employment opportunities.

The correct answer is Article 16.

Key Points

• Article 16 of the Indian Constitution ensures equality of opportunity in matters of public employment.
• This article prohibits discrimination on grounds of religion, race, caste, sex, descent, place of birth, residence or any of them in respect of employment or office under the State.
• It specifically provides that no citizen shall be ineligible for, or discriminated against in respect of, any employment or office under the State on these grounds.
• Article 16 also allows for the provision of reservations for backward classes who are not adequately represented in the services under the State.
• It is a crucial part of the Fundamental Rights guaranteed by the Constitution of India.

Additional Information

• Fundamental Rights
• The Fundamental Rights are a set of rights guaranteed to individuals against the State, enshrined in Part III of the Indian Constitution.
• They are considered essential for the development of the individual and the country.
• These rights are justiciable, meaning they are enforceable by the courts.
• Any law violating these rights can be declared null and void by the judiciary.
• Directive Principles of State Policy
• These principles are enshrined in Part IV of the Indian Constitution.
• They are non-justiciable in nature, which means they are not enforceable by the courts.
• However, they are fundamental in the governance of the country and aim to create a social framework for the State to follow.
• They act as guidelines for the creation of a just society in India.
• Reservation Policy
• India's reservation policy is a form of affirmative action designed to improve the well-being of backward and under-represented communities.
• It includes reservations in education, employment, and political representation.
• The policy aims to ensure adequate representation and equal opportunities for Scheduled Castes (SCs), Scheduled Tribes (STs), and Other Backward Classes (OBCs).
• Reservations are provided under various articles of the Constitution, including Articles 15(4), 16(4), and 46.
• Equality Before Law
• Article 14 of the Indian Constitution guarantees that every person shall be equal before the law.
• It states that the State shall not deny to any person equality before the law or equal protection of the laws within the territory of India.
• This principle is fundamental to the rule of law and ensures that no individual or group is above the law.
• It forms the basis for ensuring justice and fairness in the legal system.

The correct answer is 1 year.

Key Points

• The PM-SVANidhi Scheme was launched by the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs in June 2020.
• The scheme provides working capital loans up to ₹10,000 to urban street vendors.
• The loan tenure is one year, and it is repayable in monthly installments.
• On timely or early repayment of the loan, the vendors are eligible for an interest subsidy of 7% per annum.
• The scheme aims to empower street vendors by not only providing loans but also incentivizing digital transactions through cashback offers.

Additional Information

• Eligibility:
• Street vendors in urban areas, including those vending in surrounding peri-urban/rural areas.
• Vendors who were in business on or before March 24, 2020.
• Loan Features:
• Collateral-free loan.
• Initial working capital loan up to ₹10,000.
• Interest subsidy of 7% per annum on timely repayment.
• Digital Transactions:
• Vendors are incentivized for digital transactions through monthly cashback.
• Cashback ranges between ₹50-₹100 per month.
• Implementation:
• The scheme is implemented through Small Industries Development Bank of India (SIDBI).
• Urban Local Bodies (ULBs) play a significant role in the implementation process.
• Beneficiary Identification:
• Surveyed vendors identified in the ULBs' survey.
• Non-surveyed vendors, if identified, can be included through a simple application process.

The correct answer is Non-metallic.

Key Points

• Mica is a type of mineral that falls under the category of non-metallic minerals.
• It is known for its excellent cleavage properties, allowing it to be split into thin, flexible sheets.
• Mica is primarily used in the electronics and electrical industries due to its insulating properties and resistance to heat.
• It is also utilized in the production of cosmetics, paints, and plastics for its reflective and refractive properties.

Additional Information

• Non-metallic minerals
• These minerals do not contain metals and are typically used in industries based on their physical and chemical properties rather than their metallic content.
• Examples include mica, limestone, gypsum, and quartz.
• Properties of Mica
• Mica is highly resistant to electricity, making it an excellent electrical insulator.
• It can withstand high temperatures, which is why it is used in thermal insulation materials.
• Uses of Mica
• In the electronics industry, mica is used in capacitors and insulators.
• In the cosmetic industry, it is used to add shimmer to products like eyeshadows and highlighters.
• In the construction industry, it is used as an additive in paint to improve brightness and durability.
• Extraction and Processing
• Mica is mined from pegmatite deposits, which are often found in igneous rocks.
• After extraction, it is processed and graded based on its size, quality, and intended use.

The correct answer is Canada.

Key Points

• The term "Quasi Federal" refers to a system of governance that incorporates both federal and unitary elements.
• India's quasi-federal structure is inspired by the Canadian model of governance.
• Canada's constitution provides a federal system with a strong central government while allowing provincial autonomy.
• In the Indian context, the central government holds significant power, but states have their own jurisdiction over certain matters.
• This blend ensures a balance between the central authority and regional autonomy, similar to the Canadian federal system.

Additional Information

• Federalism
• A system of government where power is divided between a central authority and constituent political units.
• Promotes unity while accommodating regional diversity.
• Examples include the USA, Canada, Australia, and India.
• Unitary System
• A system of government where a single central authority holds the majority of the power.
• Local governments, if they exist, derive their authority from the central government.
• Examples include the United Kingdom and France.
• Concurrent List
• In India's constitution, it comprises subjects where both the central and state governments can make laws.
• In case of conflict, central law prevails over state law.
• Examples of concurrent subjects include education, marriage and divorce, and bankruptcy and insolvency.
• Residual Powers
• Powers that are not explicitly listed in the constitution are granted to the central government.
• This concept ensures that the central government can legislate on new and unforeseen matters.

The correct answer is Ustad Inayat Hussain Khan.

Key Points

• Ustad Inayat Hussain Khan was the founder of the Sahaswan gharana of Rampur.
• The Sahaswan gharana is a branch of the Rampur-Sahaswan gharana, which is known for its unique style of Hindustani classical music.
• Ustad Inayat Hussain Khan was a prominent figure in Indian classical music during the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
• He was instrumental in developing the distinct musical styles and techniques that characterize the Sahaswan gharana.

Additional Information

• Gharana System:
• The gharana system is a system of social organization linking musicians or dancers by lineage or apprenticeship, and by adherence to a particular musical style.
• Gharanas often emphasize the exclusive training of their particular style and the transmission of this style through generations.
• Rampur-Sahaswan Gharana:
• This gharana is known for its specific style of Khayal singing, which is characterized by intricate and complex ragas.
• It has produced many eminent musicians, and its influence extends widely in the field of Hindustani classical music.
• Khayal:
• Khayal is a major form of Hindustani classical music and is known for its improvisational nature.
• The word 'Khayal' means 'imagination' and it allows artists to explore the depths of a raga.
• Hindustani Classical Music:
• This is a tradition of Indian classical music that traces its roots to the Vedic times.
• It includes various forms such as Dhrupad, Khayal, and Thumri, each having its unique style and presentation.

The correct answer is Arya Samaj.

Key Points

• The Arya Samaj was founded by Swami Dayananda Saraswati on 10 April 1875 in Bombay (now Mumbai).
• The primary aim of Arya Samaj was to reform Hinduism by eliminating orthodox rituals and promoting the teachings of the Vedas.
• Swami Dayananda Saraswati's motto for Arya Samaj was "Krinvanto Vishwam Aryam," which means "Make the World Noble."
• Arya Samaj was instrumental in promoting social reforms such as women's education, widow remarriage, and the abolition of the caste system.
• The organization also played a significant role in the Indian independence movement by fostering a sense of nationalism.

Additional Information

• Swami Dayananda Saraswati
• Born on 12 February 1824 in Tankara, Gujarat.
• He was a prominent Hindu religious leader and the founder of the Arya Samaj.
• His ideologies were based on the teachings of the Vedas and he advocated for the return to the Vedic way of life.
• He wrote the book "Satyarth Prakash," which translates to "The Light of Truth," outlining his religious philosophy.
• Vedas
• The Vedas are a large body of religious texts originating in ancient India.
• There are four Vedas: Rigveda, Samaveda, Yajurveda, and Atharvaveda.
• They are composed in Vedic Sanskrit and form the oldest layer of Sanskrit literature.
• The Vedas are considered the oldest scriptures of Hinduism and contain hymns, philosophy, and guidance on rituals.
• Social Reforms by Arya Samaj
• Abolition of child marriage and promotion of widow remarriage.
• Advocated for women’s education and gender equality.
• Emphasized on the removal of untouchability and caste discrimination.
• Promoted the use of Hindi and other regional languages in education.
• Arya Samaj’s Role in Indian Independence
• Arya Samaj members actively participated in the Indian freedom struggle.
• Many of its leaders were involved in the Swadeshi movement and the boycott of British goods.
• The organization fostered a sense of nationalism and pride in Indian culture and heritage.
• It also opposed British colonial policies and worked towards social and educational reforms.

The correct answer is Playing to win, my life on and off court.

Key Points

• Saina Nehwal is an Indian professional badminton player and one of the most successful athletes in the sport.
• Her autobiography, "Playing to win, my life on and off court", was published in the year 2012.
• The book provides an in-depth look at her journey, experiences, and challenges in the badminton world.
• It highlights her achievements, including winning a bronze medal at the 2012 London Olympics.
• The autobiography is an inspiring account for aspiring athletes and sports enthusiasts.

Additional Information

• Career Highlights of Saina Nehwal
• She has won over 24 international titles, including 11 Superseries titles.
• Saina has consistently been ranked among the top players in the world by the Badminton World Federation (BWF).
• She is the first Indian to win a medal in badminton at the Olympics.
• In 2015, she became the first Indian woman to achieve the world number 1 ranking.
• Badminton as a Sport
• Badminton is a racquet sport played using racquets to hit a shuttlecock across a net.
• It is played as a singles or doubles game, and is popular worldwide, especially in Asia and Europe.
• The sport requires a high level of fitness, agility, and strategic thinking.
• Major tournaments include the Olympics, the All England Open, and the BWF World Championships.
• Autobiographies of Prominent Athletes
• Many athletes write autobiographies to share their journeys and inspire others. Examples include "Open" by Andre Agassi and "My Life in Football" by Kevin Keegan.
• These books often highlight the challenges faced, the determination needed, and the triumphs achieved in their careers.
• They serve as motivational literature for budding sports enthusiasts and the general public.
• Impact of Sports Autobiographies
• They provide personal insights into the lives of athletes beyond their public personas.
• Such books can inspire young athletes by showing the dedication and hard work required to succeed at the highest levels.
• They contribute to the cultural and historical documentation of sports and its impact on society.

The correct answer is: Option 3 i.e. To be uncontrollable.

Key Points

• The word "uncontrollable" means something that cannot be controlled or restrained. (अनियंत्रित)
• Example: The wildfire became uncontrollable, spreading rapidly across the forest.
• "Out of hand" refers to a situation that has become uncontrollable or chaotic. (नियंत्रण से बाहर)
• Example: The protest got out of hand, leading to clashes with the police.
• Hence, we can infer that the meaning of 'out of hand' is 'to be uncontrollable'.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Option 3 i.e. To be uncontrollable.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• To be serious (गंभीर होना): Being earnest or solemn in nature.
• Example: The teacher asked the students to be serious during the examination.
• In an undecided state (अनिर्णीत अवस्था में): Being in a state where a decision has not been made.
• Example: The match was left in an undecided state due to the rain.
• To be abrupt (अचानक होना): Being sudden or unexpected.
• Example: His decision to resign was quite abrupt and surprised everyone.

The correct answer is: Option 3.

Key Points

• The word "foremost" means something that is most prominent in importance, position, or rank. (प्रमुख)
• Example: She is the foremost expert in the field of genetics.
• "Unimportant" refers to something that lacks significance or value; it is not essential or noteworthy. (महत्वहीन)
• Example: The details he provided were unimportant to the overall investigation.
• Hence, we can infer that the opposite of 'foremost' is 'unimportant'.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Option 3.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Disposed (इच्छुक): Having a tendency or willingness to do something.
• Example: She felt disposed to help him despite their differences.
• Forecast (पूर्वानुमान): To predict or estimate a future event or trend.
• Example: The weather forecast predicts rain for tomorrow.
• Premature (अकाल): Occurring or done before the usual or proper time; too early.
• Example: His premature departure left the team in disarray.

The correct answer is: Option 3.

Key Points

• The word "bitten off more than you can chew" means taking on more responsibility or tasks than one can manage. (अपनी क्षमता से अधिक काम लेना)
• Example: By agreeing to organize the school festival, she has definitely bitten off more than she can chew.
• "Overwhelming" refers to something that is too much to handle, overpowering, or very intense. (भारी)
• Example: The workload this week is overwhelming, and I don't know how I will complete it all on time.
• Hence, we can infer that "bitten off more than you can chew" is an appropriate idiom to describe taking on overwhelming work.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Option 3.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• At the eleventh hour (अंतिम क्षणों में): Refers to something happening at the last possible moment.
• Example: They submitted their project at the eleventh hour, just before the deadline.
• Called it a day (काम समाप्त कर दिया): Means to stop working on something, especially for the day.
• Example: After working for 12 hours straight, she decided to call it a day.
• Put something on ice (किसी चीज़ को स्थगित करना): Means to postpone or delay something.
• Example: The company has decided to put the new project on ice due to budget constraints.

The correct answer is '2' i.e. who accompanied me .

Key Points

• The given sentence is in the past tense, as indicated by the verb "asked".
• The correct form of the verb to use in the past tense is "accompanied".
• The correct substitution for "who did accompany me" is "who accompanied me".

Correct sentence: My mother asked me who accompanied me to the airport.

Additional Information

• Past Simple Tense:
• Structure: Subject + past form of the verb.
• Example: She visited the museum.
• Usage: Describes actions completed in the past.
• Past Continuous Tense:
• Structure: Subject + was/were + base verb + -ing.
• Example: They were watching a movie.
• Usage: Describes actions that were ongoing in the past.

The correct answer is '3' i.e. He was acquitted to .

Key Points

• The given sentence is an example of a legal term usage where "acquitted" should be followed by "of" instead of "to".
• The correct form is "He was acquitted of a cyber crime."
• The preposition "of" is used to indicate the reason or cause of the acquittal.

Correct sentence: He was acquitted of a cyber crime on the basis of evidence given to the court.

Additional Information

• Acquittal:
• Definition: A legal judgment that officially and formally clears a defendant of criminal charges.
• Example: The jury acquitted him of all charges.

The correct answer is '4' i.e. Please suggest me some tips to get out nervousness .

Key Points

• The given sentence contains an error in the use of the phrasal verb.
• In the context of providing suggestions or advice, the correct phrasing is "Please suggest some tips" without the use of "me."
• The phrase "to get out nervousness" is also incorrect. The correct phrase should be "to overcome nervousness" or "to get rid of nervousness."

Correct sentence: Please suggest some tips to overcome nervousness.

Additional Information

• Common Phrasal Verbs:
• Back up: To make a copy of data (e.g., Back up your essential files).
• Came across: To find something by chance (e.g., Pushpa came across an old photo).
• Turn up: To increase the volume or intensity (e.g., Please turn up the heater).
• Correct Usage:
• Suggest: Should be used without "me" when giving general advice (e.g., Please suggest some tips).
• Overcome/Get rid of: Appropriate phrases to express dealing with nervousness (e.g., to overcome nervousness).

The correct answer is '4' i.e. explorer; archaeologists; settlement .

Key Points

• The passage talks about Leif Erikson, who is historically known as a Viking explorer.
• Vinland is associated with Norse exploration, so the term "archaeologists" is appropriate for those who found evidence.
• "Settlement" is the most fitting term to describe the area where Erikson's group lived.

Correct sentence: Leif Erikson is a Viking explorer believed to have sailed from the Green Lands to Vinland. Vinland is now thought to be at the northern tip of Canada's Newfoundland island where archaeologists found evidence of Erikson's settlement in 1960s..

Additional Information

• 1st Conditional Sentence:
• Structure: If + Present Simple, will + base verb.
• Example: If it rains, we will cancel the picnic.
• Usage: Describes real or possible situations in the future with likely outcomes.
• 2nd Conditional Sentence:
• Structure: If + past simple, would + base verb.
• Example: If I were an astronaut, I would look at the stars all the time.
• Usage: Used to talk about hypothetical situations.
• 3rd Conditional Sentence:
• Structure: If + Past Perfect, would have + past participle.
• Example: If she had studied harder, she would have passed the exam.
• Usage: Refers to unreal past situations and their imagined outcomes.

The correct answer is: Option 3 (easy).

Key Points

• The word "difficult" means something that is not easily or readily done; requiring much effort or skill to accomplish or understand. (कठिन)
• Example: The exam was so difficult that many students couldn't finish it on time.
• "Easy" refers to something that is not difficult; requiring little effort or skill. (आसान)
• Example: The task was so easy that I completed it in just a few minutes.
• Hence, we can infer that the opposite of 'difficult' is 'easy'.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Option 3 (easy).

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Perplexing (उलझन भरा): Completely baffling; very puzzling.
• Example: The instructions were so perplexing that nobody could figure them out.
• Rigid (कठोर): Not flexible; stiff; not able to be changed or adapted.
• Example: The rules were so rigid that there was no room for creativity.
• Problematical (समस्या जनक): Constituting or presenting a problem or difficulty.
• Example: The new policy is problematical as it creates more issues than it solves.

The correct answer is: Option 4.

Key Points

• The word "Defecteev" is incorrectly spelt and is intended to mean "Defective".
• Defecteev: No English meaning as it is an incorrect spelling.
• Example: The word "Defecteev" does not exist in the English language.
• Defective: Something that is flawed or not functioning properly. (दोषपूर्ण)
• Example: The company had to recall the defective products due to safety concerns.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Option 4.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Crowded (भीड़-भाड़): Containing too many people or things.
• Example: The market is always crowded on weekends.
• Elegant (शानदार): Pleasingly graceful and stylish in appearance or manner.
• Example: She looked elegant in her evening gown.
• Efficient (कार्यकुशल): Achieving maximum productivity with minimum wasted effort or expense.
• Example: The new software is much more efficient than the old one.

The correct answer is '3' i.e. Ambiguous .

Key Points

• The given sentence can have multiple meanings, which makes it ambiguous.
• An ambiguous statement is one that is open to more than one interpretation.
• This implies that the meaning is not clear and can be understood in different ways by different people.

Correct sentence: This sentence can have multiple meanings. Could you please specify what it means?.

Additional Information

• Homogeneous:
• Definition: Composed of parts or elements that are all of the same kind.
• Example: The population of the small town was fairly homogeneous.
• Usage: Used to describe things that are uniform or similar in nature.
• Amorphous:
• Definition: Lacking a clear structure or focus.
• Example: The project had an amorphous plan that led to confusion.
• Usage: Used to describe things that are shapeless or lack a defined form.
• Heterogeneous:
• Definition: Composed of different kinds or types.
• Example: The committee was made up of a heterogeneous group of individuals.
• Usage: Used to describe things that are diverse or varied.

The correct answer is '1' i.e. most horrifying serials .

Key Points

• The given sentence is talking about a TV serial that was broadcast twenty years ago, hence the use of past tense "was broadcast".
• The phrase "most horrified serials" is incorrect because "horrified" describes a feeling experienced by someone, not an attribute of the serial itself.
• The correct word to describe the serial in this context is "horrifying", which means causing horror or shock.

Correct sentence: One of the most horrifying serials of the Indian television industry was broadcast twenty years ago.

Additional Information

• Horrifying:
• Meaning: Causing horror or shock.
• Example: The movie was horrifying and scared everyone.
• Usage: Used to describe something that causes a feeling of horror.
• Horrified:
• Meaning: Feeling or showing horror or shock.
• Example: She was horrified by the news.
• Usage: Used to describe someone's reaction to something shocking or horrifying.

The correct answer is '3' i.e. the medicine .

Key Points

• The given sentence is about someone studying a subject to pursue a career, where the correct expression should be "studying medicine" instead of "the medicine".
• The word "medicine" in this context should not be preceded by the definite article "the".
• Correct sentence: She is studying medicine at university to become a doctor.

Correct sentence: She is studying medicine at university to become a doctor.

Additional Information

• Articles "a", "an", and "the" are used before nouns to specify grammatical definiteness.
• "The" is used before specific or previously mentioned nouns, while "a" and "an" are used before nonspecific nouns.
• Some nouns, such as names of subjects (e.g., medicine, chemistry, mathematics), do not require an article.

The correct answer is '1' i.e. look really expensive .

Key Points

• The given sentence should use the verb form that agrees with the subject "The gold watch."
• The correct form is "looks" instead of "look" because "The gold watch" is a singular subject.
• The structure of the sentence should be corrected to "The gold watch looks really expensive and is not affordable for common people."

Correct sentence: The gold watch looks really expensive and is not affordable for common people..

Additional Information

• Subject-Verb Agreement:
• Rule: A singular subject requires a singular verb, and a plural subject requires a plural verb.
• Example: She runs every day. (singular subject and verb)
• Example: They run every day. (plural subject and verb)
• Verb Tense Consistency:
• Ensure that the verbs in a sentence are consistent in their tense.
• Example: He was walking and talking at the same time. (both verbs in past continuous)

The correct answer is: Option 4.

Key Points

• The word "Fusion" means the process or result of joining two or more things together to form a single entity. (संलयन)
• Example: The fusion of different musical styles creates a unique sound.
• "Blend" refers to mixing or combining things together into a single entity. (मिश्रण)
• Example: She made a smoothie by blending various fruits.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Option 4.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Grind (पीसना): To reduce something to small particles or powder by crushing it.
• Example: He used a mortar and pestle to grind the spices.
• Glide (फिसलना): To move smoothly and continuously along a surface.
• Example: The skaters glide gracefully across the ice.
• Ingredient (सामग्री): Any of the foods or substances that are combined to make a particular dish.
• Example: The recipe requires several ingredients, including flour and sugar.

The correct answer is: Option 2.

Key Points

• The word "ephemeral" means lasting for a very short time. (अल्पकालिक)
• Example: The beauty of the sunset was ephemeral, fading within minutes.
• "Ephemerl" is the incorrect spelling of "ephemeral". (अल्पकालिक का गलत वर्तनी)
• Example: Life is a collection of ephemerl moments.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Option 2.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Epmeral (गलत वर्तनी): This is an incorrect spelling of "ephemeral".
• Example: This is an epmeral moment. (incorrect)
• Ephameral (गलत वर्तनी): This is an incorrect spelling of "ephemeral".
• Example: The ephameral nature of the event was surprising. (incorrect)
• Ephemerl (गलत वर्तनी): This is an incorrect spelling of "ephemeral".
• Example: Life is a collection of ephemerl moments. (incorrect)

The correct answer is: Option 1.

Key Points

• The word "caprice" means a sudden and unaccountable change of mood or behavior. (अचानक और अनियंत्रित परिवर्तन)
• Example: His decision to move to another country was driven by a caprice rather than logical reasoning.
• "Impulse" refers to a sudden strong and unreflective urge or desire to act. (प्रेरणा)
• Example: She bought the dress on an impulse, without thinking about the cost.
• Hence, we can infer that the synonym of "caprice" is "impulse".

Therefore, the correct answer is: Option 1.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Sorrow (दुःख): A feeling of deep distress caused by loss, disappointment, or other misfortune.
• Example: She felt deep sorrow after the loss of her pet.
• Delight (आनंद): Great pleasure or joy.
• Example: He was filled with delight when he received the news of his promotion.
• Determination (दृढ़ संकल्प): Firmness of purpose; resoluteness.
• Example: Her determination to succeed was evident in her hard work and perseverance.

The correct answer is: Self-control.

Key Points

• The word "Restraint" means a measure or condition that keeps someone or something under control; the action of keeping someone or something under control. (संयम)
• Example: He showed great restraint in dealing with the difficult situation.
• "Self-control" refers to the ability to control oneself, in particular one's emotions and desires, especially in difficult situations. (आत्म-संयम)
• Example: Practicing self-control can help you manage stress and avoid impulsive decisions.
• Therefore, the correct answer is: Self-control.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Self-esteem (आत्म-सम्मान): Confidence in one's own worth or abilities.
• Example: Building self-esteem is crucial for personal development.
• Self-acceptance (आत्म-स्वीकृति): Acceptance of oneself, including one's own strengths and weaknesses.
• Example: Self-acceptance is key to living a fulfilling life.
• Self-appraisal (आत्म-मूल्यांकन): The act of evaluating oneself, particularly one's performance or qualities.
• Example: Regular self-appraisal can help in setting personal goals.

The correct answer is: Option 1.

Key Points

• The word "Explaination" is spelled incorrectly. The correct spelling is "Explanation".
• Explanation (स्पष्टीकरण): A statement or account that makes something clear.
• Example: She gave a detailed explanation of the process during the meeting.
• "Explaination" is not a valid English word.
• Example: The word "explaination" is often mistaken for "explanation".

Therefore, the correct answer is: Option 1.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Proposal (प्रस्ताव): A plan that is formally suggested.
• Example: The board reviewed the new project proposal during the meeting.
• Myriad (असंख्य): A countless or extremely great number of people or things.
• Example: The library offers a myriad of books on various subjects.
• Accolades (पुरस्कार): An award or privilege granted as a special honor or acknowledgment of merit.
• Example: The scientist received numerous accolades for her groundbreaking research.

The correct answer is '1' i.e. across all his faults, .

Key Points

• The phrase "across all his faults" is incorrect. The correct phrase should be "despite all his faults" or "in spite of all his faults".
• Both "despite" and "in spite of" are used to show contrast and are followed by a noun or pronoun.
• Correcting this phrase will make the sentence grammatically correct and meaningful.

Correct sentence: It has been noticed that despite all his faults, he is admired..

Additional Information

• Common phrases to show contrast:
• Despite: Used before a noun or pronoun. Example: Despite the rain, we went for a walk.
• In spite of: Used before a noun or pronoun. Example: In spite of his injury, he completed the race.
• Other similar phrases:
• Even though: Used before a clause. Example: Even though he was tired, he continued working.
• Although: Used before a clause. Example: Although it was late, they stayed up talking.

The correct answer is '3' i.e. more intelligent than .

Key Points

• The given sentence uses a comparative degree to compare the intelligence of bilingual children to those who speak just one language.
• The correct comparative form of "intelligent" is "more intelligent."
• The word "than" is used after the comparative form to show the comparison.

Correct sentence: Bilingual children are more intelligent than those who speak just one language.

Additional Information

• Comparative Degree:
• Usage: Used to compare differences between the two objects they modify (larger, smaller, faster, higher). They are used in sentences where two nouns are compared, in this pattern: Noun (subject) + verb + comparative adjective + than + noun (object).
• Examples:
• She is taller than her brother.
• This car is faster than that one.

The correct answer is 'modern'.

Key Points

• The passage discusses the significance and role of newspapers in contemporary society.
• The term chosen should reflect the current state of society embraced by the advancements and developments of the present time.
• "Modern" is appropriate as it denotes characteristics of the present time, aligning with the context of newspapers being a crucial aspect of today's society.
• Other options ("prehistoric", "monolithic", "ancient") do not fit because they refer to the past and do not align with the context of current civilization.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 1'.

Complete Passage: The newspaper is one of the significant signs of modern civilisation. It is the most popular form of reading in the present times because it interests all sorts of people. It is full of political news, sports and commercial news, as well as articles by well-known writers. A newspaper keeps us entertained and informed. In these days of democracy, public opinion rules everywhere. No government can long withstand the pressure of a strong public opinion. It is, therefore, quite clear that the press controls public opinion, and public opinion, in turn, controls the government. Ultimately, the press controls the government. It acts as an interpreter between the government and the people and brings the rulers and the ruled together.

Additional Information

• Prehistoric (प्रागैतिहासिक): "Prehistoric" refers to the time before written records, which is not appropriate for discussing contemporary society and newspapers.
• Monolithic (अखंड): "Monolithic" means large, powerful, and intractably indivisible and uniform, which does not align with the diverse and evolving nature of current civilization.
• Ancient (प्राचीन): "Ancient" refers to very old times, which is not suitable for the context of discussing the present-day role of newspapers in society.

The correct answer is 'present'.

Key Points

• The passage discusses the popularity of newspapers in current society.
• The term chosen should reflect the current time period that aligns with the context of the passage.
• "Present" is appropriate as it refers to the current period, aligning with the context of newspapers being popular today.
• Other options ("future", "dark", "past") do not fit because they do not align with the context of current times in which newspapers are popular.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 3'.

Complete Passage: The newspaper is one of the significant signs of modern civilisation. It is the most popular form of reading in the present times because it interests all sorts of people. It is full of political news, sports and commercial news, as well as articles by well-known writers. A newspaper keeps us entertained and informed. In these days of democracy, public opinion rules everywhere. No government can long withstand the pressure of a strong public opinion. It is, therefore, quite clear that the press controls public opinion, and public opinion, in turn, controls the government. Ultimately, the press controls the government. It acts as an interpreter between the government and the people and brings the rulers and the ruled together.

Additional Information

• Future (भविष्य): "Future" refers to a time period that has not yet occurred, which is not appropriate for the current popularity of newspapers.
• Dark (अंधकारमय): "Dark" refers to a lack of light or brightness, which does not fit the context of time periods mentioned in the passage.
• Past (अतीत): "Past" refers to time that has already occurred and is not suitable for discussing the current role and popularity of newspapers.

The correct answer is 'both'.

Key Points

• The passage emphasizes that newspapers have the dual role of providing entertainment as well as information.
• The chosen term should reflect this dual role, indicating that newspapers serve simultaneously in both capacities.
• "Both" is appropriate as it indicates the presence of two qualities—entertainment and information—aligned with the passage context.
• Other options ("either", "or", "nor") do not fit because they do not accurately convey the dual nature of the function described.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 2'.

Complete Passage: The newspaper is one of the significant signs of modern civilisation. It is the most popular form of reading in the present times because it interests all sorts of people. It is full of political news, sports and commercial news, as well as articles by well-known writers. A newspaper keeps us both entertained and informed. In these days of democracy, public opinion rules everywhere. No government can long withstand the pressure of a strong public opinion. It is, therefore, quite clear that the press controls public opinion, and public opinion, in turn, controls the government. Ultimately, the press controls the government. It acts as an interpreter between the government and the people and brings the rulers and the ruled together.

Additional Information

• Either (या): "Either" is used to indicate one or the other of two choices, which does not fit the context of serving dual roles together.
• Or (या): "Or" indicates an alternative, which does not align with the dual function of newspapers providing entertainment and information together.
• Nor (और न ही): "Nor" is used to introduce a further negative statement, which is not appropriate in the context provided.

The correct answer is 'No'.

Key Points

• The passage talks about the influence of public opinion on governments in a democracy.
• The chosen term should fit the logical flow of the sentence, highlighting that no government can resist strong public opinion for long.
• "No" is appropriate as it emphasizes the idea that not a single government can withstand the pressure of public opinion, aligning with the passage context.
• Other options ("All", "Both", "Some") do not convey the same meaning and do not fit the logical flow of the sentence.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 2'.

Complete Passage: The newspaper is one of the significant signs of modern civilisation. It is the most popular form of reading in the present times because it interests all sorts of people. It is full of political news, sports and commercial news, as well as articles by well-known writers. A newspaper keeps us both entertained and informed. In these days of democracy, public opinion rules everywhere. No government can long withstand the pressure of a strong public opinion. It is, therefore, quite clear that the press controls public opinion, and public opinion, in turn, controls the government. Ultimately, the press controls the government. It acts as an interpreter between the government and the people and brings the rulers and the ruled together.

Additional Information

• All (सभी): "All" refers to every one without exception, which does not fit the context of emphasizing the inability of any single government to withstand public opinion.
• Both (दोनों): "Both" refers to two items, which does not fit the context of the sentence referring to a broader range.
• Some (कुछ): "Some" refers to a part of a larger group, which does not align with the sentence stressing the universal influence of public opinion on governments.

The correct answer is 'together'.

Key Points

• The passage emphasizes the role of the press in bridging the gap between the government and the people.
• The term chosen should reflect the idea of uniting or bringing both the rulers and the ruled into closer communication.
• "Together" is appropriate as it indicates the act of uniting the government and the people, aligning with the context of the passage.
• Other options ("apart", "overall", "jointed") do not fit because they do not convey the idea of uniting both parties.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 3'.

Complete Passage: The newspaper is one of the significant signs of modern civilisation. It is the most popular form of reading in the present times because it interests all sorts of people. It is full of political news, sports and commercial news, as well as articles by well-known writers. A newspaper keeps us both entertained and informed. In these days of democracy, public opinion rules everywhere. No government can long withstand the pressure of a strong public opinion. It is, therefore, quite clear that the press controls public opinion, and public opinion, in turn, controls the government. Ultimately, the press controls the government. It acts as an interpreter between the government and the people and brings the rulers and the ruled together.

Additional Information

• Apart (अलग): "Apart" means separated by a distance, which is the opposite of the context intended in the passage.
• Overall (कुल मिलाकर): "Overall" is used to indicate generalization, which does not fit the context of uniting two entities.
• Jointed (संयुक्त): "Jointed" means having connections, typically in a structured form, but it does not fit grammatically or contextually in the sentence.