SSC CHSL Tier-1 2021: Official Paper (Held On: 25 May 2022 Shift 3) (Previous Year Paper)

The correct answer is: A lot of anger and worries about trivial things 

Key Points

• The idiom "A storm in a teacup" means a situation in which people are very angry or upset about something that is not important.
• Example - This matter is a storm in a teacup; it is an argument about nothing.
• So, it is clear that the most appropriate meaning of the given idiom "A storm in a tea cup" is "A lot of anger and worries about trivial things"

Hence, the correct answer is option 3.

The correct answer is: look forward to helping

Key Points

• Remove "was" to make the sentence correct.
• "Look forward to something" is used to say that you are happy that something is going to happen.
• "I was look forward" is grammatically incorrect.
• If we want to put "was" in this sentence then we have to say "I was looking forward" but it is not given in the options.
• So, we have to convert the sentence into the present tense.
• "Look forward to" is a phrasal verb, which means to await something eagerly.
• The implied meaning of the sentence is: I'm eager to assist you in doing the task.
• So, "I look forward to helping..." is the best choice for the given sentence.

Therefore, the correct answer is option 2.

Corrected sentence: I look forward to helping you complete the project.

The correct answer is: Oscilate

Key Points 

• The correct spelling should be "Oscillate"
• Oscillate means move or swing back and forth in a regular rhythm. (एक नियमित लय में आगे-पीछे घूमना या झूलना)

Therefore, the correct answer is option 2, which is incorrectly spelt.

Additional Information 

• Leverage means Investing with borrowed money as a way to amplify potential gains. (संभावित लाभ को बढ़ाने के तरीके के रूप में उधार के पैसे से निवेश करना)
• Bonfire means a large open-air fire used for burning rubbish or as part of a celebration. (कूड़ा जलाने के लिए या किसी उत्सव के हिस्से के रूप में इस्तेमाल की जाने वाली एक बड़ी खुली हवा की आग)
• Ensue means happen or occur afterwards or as a result. (घटित होना या बाद में या परिणाम के रूप में होना)

The correct answer is: Matches

Key Points

• Complements means a thing that goes together well with something else (पूरक या अनुकूल वस्‍तु; संपूरक)
• Example - He complimented Erika on her appearance.
• Marked option Match means corresponding in pattern, colour, or design; complimentary. (पैटर्न, रंग या डिज़ाइन के अनुरूप; मानार्थ)
• Example - A blue jacket matches the black trouser very well.
• So, it is clear that the correct denotation of the highlighted word is "Matches."

Therefore, the correct answer is option 3.

Additional Information

• Disarray means a messy or confused condition, showing a lack of organization. (संगठन की कमी दिखाते हुए एक गन्दा या भ्रमित स्थिति)
• Relegate means to put something or someone into a lower or less important rank or position. (कुछ या किसी को कम या कम महत्वपूर्ण पद या स्थिति में रखना)
• Drain means a channel or pipe carrying off surplus liquid, especially rainwater or liquid waste. (अधिशेष तरल, विशेष रूप से वर्षा जल या तरल अपशिष्ट को ले जाने वाला एक चैनल या पाइप)

The correct answer is: He said that it had been raining since the night before. 

Key Points

• In Direct-Indirect speech, If the reporting speech is in the present perfect continuous tense then the reported speech will be changed into the past perfect continuous tense.
• In this question, the reporting speech is written in the present perfect continuous tense.
• The structure is: subject + is/has/have + been + verb (ing) + object.
• So, the reported speech must be in the past perfect continuous tense.
• The structure is: subject + had + been + verb (ing) + object.
• Example - 
• ​He said, "I have been living in Delhi." (Direct)
• He said that he had been living in Delhi. (Indirect)
• ​Therefore, except option 2, no other options are fulfilling the exact rules for Direct-Indirect speech.

Hence, the correct answer is option 2.

The correct indirect speech is: He said that it had been raining since the night before.

The correct answer is: Fussy 

Key Points 

• Finicky means extremely or excessively particular, exacting, or meticulous in taste or standards. (स्वाद या मानकों में अत्यंत या अत्यधिक विशिष्ट, सटीक या सावधानीपूर्वक)
• Example - He's terribly finicky about his food.
• Marked option Fussy means very concerned about small, usually unimportant details, and difficult to please. (छोटे, आमतौर पर महत्वहीन विवरणों और खुश करने में मुश्किल के बारे में बहुत चिंति�� हैं)
• Example - He is very fussy about what he eats.
• So, it is clear that the correct denotation of the highlighted word is "Fussy."

Therefore, the correct answer is option 1.

Additional Information 

• Indolent means without real interest or effort; lazy. (वास्तविक रुचि या प्रयास के बिना; काम चोर)
• Hasty means done with excessive speed or urgency; hurried. (अत्यधिक गति या तात्कालिकता के साथ किया गया; जल्दी)
• Nervous means worried or slightly frightened. (चिंतित या थोड़ा डरा हुआ)

The correct answer is: finest

Key Points

• Replace "fine" with "finest" to correct the sentence.
• We know that the definite article "the" is used before a noun to indicate that the identity of the noun is known to the reader.
• Fine means of very high quality; very good of its kind.
• Finest is the superlative degree of "fine" which means the best example of its type.
• In the given question "the" is used to specify the object.
• Therefore, the superlative form should be used.

Hence, the correct answer is option 2, which will improve the underlined part of the given sentence.

Improved sentence: She bought the finest cloth in the store.

The correct answer is: Sophisticated 

Key Points 

• Primitive means very basic or unsophisticated in terms of comfort, convenience, or efficiency. (आराम, सुविधा या दक्षता के मामले में बहुत ही बुनियादी या अपरिष्कृत)
• Example - The accommodation at the camp was a bit primitive.
• Marked option Sophisticated means having, revealing, or involving a great deal of worldly experience and knowledge of fashion and culture. (बहुत सारे सांसारिक अनुभव और फैशन और संस्कृति का ज्ञान होना, प्रकट करना या शामिल करना)
• Example - He's transformed from an awkward teenager into a sophisticated young man.
• It is clear that 'Primitive' and 'Sophisticated' are opposite in meaning.

Therefore the correct answer is option 3.​

Additional Information 

• Technical means relating to a particular subject, art, or craft, or its techniques. (किसी विशेष विषय, कला या शिल्प या इसकी तकनीकों से संबंधित)
• Racial means a concept used to describe a group of people who share physical characteristics, such as skin color and facial features. (एक अवधारणा का उपयोग उन लोगों के समूह का वर्णन करने के लिए किया जाता है जो शारीरिक विशेषताओं, जैसे कि त्वचा का रंग और चेहरे की विशेषताओं को साझा करते हैं)
• Agricultural means used for farming or relating to farming. (खेती के लिए या खेती से संबंधित उपयोग किया जाता है)

The correct answer is: captivating

Key Points

• Let's look at the meaning of the given words. 
• Repelling means to force someone or something to stop moving towards you or attacking you. (किसी को या किसी चीज़ को अपनी ओर बढ़ने या आप पर हमला करने से रोकने के लिए मजबूर करना)
• Captivating means capable of attracting and holding interest; charming. (रुचि को आकर्षित करने और धारण करने में सक्षम; आकर्षक)
• Boring means not interesting; tedious. (दिलचस्प नहीं; थकाऊ)
• Unrealistic means something inappropriate to reality or fact. (वास्तविकता या तथ्य के लिए अनुपयुक्त)
• The implied meaning of the sentence is : One day, I was given a few new books to read that were very different from anything I had ever read before and completely distracted me from my terrible situation.
• So, as per the meaning of the given words "captivating" is the most appropriate option.

Therefore, the correct answer is option 2.

Complete sentence: One day, I was handed a few volumes of new literature, unlike anything I had ever read before and so captivating as to make me utterly forget my hopeless state.

The correct answer is: To affect adversely 

Key Points 

• The idiom "Tell upon" means to have an effect on someone or something, usually in a negative or detrimental way. .
• Example - This over-working of the brain began to tell upon his mental health.
• So, it is clear that the most appropriate meaning of the given idiom "Tell upon" is "To affect adversely"

Hence, the correct answer is option 3.

The correct answer is: deny

Key Points 

• Bestow means to give something as an honor or present. (सम्मान या उपहार के रूप में कुछ देना)
• Example - The country's highest medal was bestowed upon him for heroism.
  
• Marked option Deny means to refuse to give something requested or desired to someone. (किसी से मांगी या मांगी गई वस्तु देने से इंकार करना)
• Example - The inquiry was denied access to intelligence sources.
• It is clear that 'Bestow' and 'Deny' are opposite in meaning.

Therefore the correct answer is option 3.​

Additional Information 

• Intensify means to become greater, more serious, or more extreme. (अधिक, अधिक गंभीर, या अधिक चरम बनने के लिए)
• Gift means a thing given willingly to someone without payment; a present. (बिना भुगतान के किसी को स्वेच्छा से दी गई वस्तु; उपहार)
• Classify means to divide things or people into groups according to their type. (चीजों या लोगों को उनके प्रकार के अनुसार समूहों में विभाजित करना)

The correct answer is: Demography 

Key Points 

• Demography means the study of statistics such as births, deaths, income, or the incidence of disease, which illustrate the changing structure of human populations. (जन्म, मृत्यु, आय या बीमारी की घटनाओं जैसे आंकड़ों का अध्ययन, जो मानव आबादी की बदलती संरचना को दर्शाता है)
• So, it is clear that 'Demography' can be used as a one-word substitute for 'The study of population and its dynamics'

Therefore, the correct answer is option 2.

Additional Information 

• Democracy means a system of government by the whole population or all the eligible members of a state, typically through elected representatives. (आमतौर पर निर्वाचित प्रतिनिधियों के माध्यम से पूरी आबादी या राज्य के सभी पात्र सदस्यों द्वारा सरकार की एक प्रणाली)
• Dysgraphia means inability to write coherently, as a symptom of a neurological condition or as an aspect of a learning disability. (एक तंत्रिका संबंधी स्थिति के लक्षण के रूप में या सीखने की अक्षमता के एक पहलू के रूप में सुसंगत रूप से लिखने में असमर्थता)
• Dermatology means the branch of medicine concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of skin disorders. (त्वचा विकारों के निदान और उपचार से संबंधित दवा की शाखा)

The correct answer is: collapsed under 

Key Points

• Collapse means a structure suddenly falls down or gives way. (गिर जाना)
• Let us look at the usage of the given prepositions that should be placed after "collapsed."
• Under: Used to talk about something that is below or lower than something else.
• To: Used as a function word to indicate movement or an action or condition suggestive of movement toward a place, person, or thing reached.
• With: Used to say that people or things are in a place together or are doing something together.
• For: Used to talk about a purpose or a reason for something.
• So, as per the usage of the given prepositions "under" should be used here.
• The implied meaning of the sentence is: The snow's weight caused the roof to fall.

Therefore, the correct answer is option 1.

Complete sentence: The roof collapsed under the weight of the snow.

The correct answer is: Mimikry 

Key Points 

• The correct spelling should be "Mimicry"
• Mimicry means the action or skill of imitating someone or something, especially in order to entertain or ridicule. (किसी की या किसी चीज़ की नकल करने की क्रिया या कौशल, विशेष रूप से मनोरंजन या उपहास करने के लिए)

Therefore, the correct answer is option 4, which is incorrectly spelt.

Additional Information 

• Ministry means a government department led by a minister. (एक मंत्री के नेतृत्व में एक सरकारी विभाग)
• Attention means notice taken of someone or something; the regarding of someone or something as interesting or important. (किसी की या किसी चीज़ की सूचना; किसी को या किसी चीज को दिलचस्प या महत्वपूर्ण मानना)
• Attitude means a feeling or opinion about something or someone, or a way of behaving that is caused by this. (किसी चीज़ या किसी के बारे में एक भावना या राय, या व्यवहार करने का एक तरीका जो इसके कारण होता है)

The correct answer is: Miguel Cervantes wrote 'Don Quixote'.

Key Points 

• The given sentence is in the passive form of the Past Simple tense.
• The Simple past tense in the passive voice has the following form: Object+ was/were + V3+ by + subject
• The Simple past tense in the active voice has the following form: Subject + V2+ object
• Passive: The floor was cleaned by Raju.
• Active:  Raju cleaned the floor.
• In the active voice of Past Simple, we have to change the structure, so the subject in the passive voice becomes the object in the active voice.

​Therefore, the correct answer is option 2.

Correct Active Voice: Miguel Cervantes wrote 'Don Quixote'.

The correct answer is: A piece of cake

Key Points 

• The idiom "A piece of cake" means something that is very easy to do. (कुछ ऐसा जो करना बहुत आसान है)
• Example - The boy found the project to be a piece of cake because it was incredibly easy.
• So, it is clear that the most appropriate meaning of the given idiom "A piece of cake" is "to perform the task with extreme ease"

Hence, the correct answer is option 4.

Additional Information

• At the eleventh hour: Refers to doing something at the last possible moment or just before it is too late.
• Call it a day: This phrase means to stop working on something or to end an activity for the day.
• Swan song: Refers to a final act or performance before retirement or the end of a career, often implying that it's the best or most memorable.

The erroneous part of the given sentence is: He has been

Key Points

• Replace "has" with "had" to correct the sentence.
• As a main verb, we use "has" for the present tense and "had" for the past tense.
• The given sentence tells that when a formal bullying complaint was submitted, the instructor had already excused him.
• We use "has + been + v3" to form the passive form of the present perfect tense.
• Present perfect tense: An action that happened in the past that is directly related to the present, such as actions that are still continuing or that indicate a change over time.
• We use "had + been + v3" to form the passive form of the past perfect tense.
• Past perfect tense: Refers to a time earlier than before now. It is used to make it clear that one event happened before another in the past.
• So, it is clear that according to the meaning of the given sentence, Past perfect tense should be used.

Therefore, the correct answer is option 4, which contains an error in it.

Corrected sentence: He had been excused by the teacher by the time a formal complaint for bullying was made.

The segment that contains a spelling mistake is: The mother's tired and overrought mind could not process

Key Points

• In this segment, the incorrectly spelled word is: overrought
• The correct spelling should be: overwrought
• Overwrought: In a state of being upset, nervous, and worried. (परेशान, घबराए और चिंतित होने की स्थिति में)
• Example - She was so tired and overwrought that she burst into tears.

​Therefore, the correct answer is option 2, which contains an incorrectly spelt word.

Corrected sentence: The mother's tired and overwrought mind could not process / the information of the demise of her only son / and she sat like a statue even when her / tormentors passed several obnoxious comments.

The correct answer is: has been living

Key Points

• Replace "was living" with "has been living" to correct the sentence.
• In this sentence "since" is mentioned and it is acting as a preposition.
• Since: In the intervening period between the time mentioned and the time under consideration, typically the present.
• "Since" as a preposition is used to introduce a date or a specific time in the past, it is normally used with present perfect and past perfect tenses.
• So, according to options "has been living" should be used here, which is following the formula of present perfect continuous tense.
• Present perfect continuous: Something started in the past and is continuing at the present time.
• Structure: Subject + has/have + been + verb (ing) + Object

Therefore, the correct answer is option 1, which can substitute the underlined segment in the given sentence.

Corrected sentence: Manoj has been living in the city since 1993.

The correct answer is "CADB"

Key Points 

• Let's look at the correct sequence of the passage.
• Statement C is the opening sentence of the passage which explains the introduction of Oliver twist, which year and where he was born. So, this sentence should come at first.
• Statement A is the second sentence of the passage which explains Oliver's mother, whose identity was unknown, and discovered on the street and passed away very soon after Oliver was born.
• Statement D is the third sentence of the passage which explains that Oliver was sent to an adult workhouse after spending the first nine years of his life in a poorly operated institution for young orphans.
• Statement B is the last sentence of the passage which shows that Oliver was taken away from the workhouse by Mr. Bumble for five pounds after being forced by the other lads to ask for extra gruel at the conclusion of a meal.

Hence, the correct sequence is C, A, D, B

The correct answer is option 4.

The correct passage is: C. Oliver Twist is born in a workhouse in 1830s England. A. His mother, whose name no one knows, is found on the street, and dies just after Oliver’s birth. D. Oliver spends the first nine years of his life in a badly run home for young orphans and then is transferred to a workhouse for adults. B. After the other boys bully Oliver into asking for more gruel at the end of a meal, Mr. Bumble offers five pounds to anyone who will take the boy away from the workhouse.

The correct answer is: Guidance

Key Points

• Let's look at the meaning of the given words. 
• Guidance means advice or information aimed at resolving a problem or difficulty, especially as given by someone in authority. (किसी समस्या या कठिनाई को हल करने के उद्देश्य से सलाह या जानकारी, विशेष रूप से किसी प्राधिकारी द्वारा दी गई जानकारी)
• Dress means to put clothes on yourself or someone else. (अपने आप को या किसी और को कपड़े पहनाना)
• Food means any nutritious substance that people or animals eat or drink or that plants absorb in order to maintain life and growth. (कोई पौष्टिक पदार्थ जिसे लोग या जानवर खाते या पीते हैं या जिसे पौधे जीवन और विकास को बनाए रखने के लिए अवशोषित करते हैं)
• Help means make it easier or possible for someone to do something by offering one's services or resources. (किसी की सेवाओं या संसाधनों की पेशकश करके किसी के लिए कुछ करना आसान या संभव बनाना)
• The implied meaning of the sentence is: Children must get the right care, direction, and knowledge in terms of education.
• So, as per the meaning of the given words "guidance" is the most appropriate option.

Therefore, the correct answer is option 1.

Complete passage: In terms of education, children must receive proper care, (1) guidance, and schooling. By (2)______ child marriage, the best possible future for children can be (3). When there is an economic crisis, many programs must be held so that they can (4) how to fight for themselves (5)______ and efficiently.

The correct answer is: Outlawing

Key Points

• We use the preposition 'by' + 'verb' + 'ing' form to describe how to do something.
• Let's look at the meaning of the given words. 
• Violating (Violate + ing) : Break or fail to comply with a rule or formal agreement. (किसी नियम या औपचारिक समझौते को तोड़ना या उसका पालन करने में विफल होना)
• Allowing (Allow + ing) : To let someone do something or let something happen; permit. (किसी को कुछ करने देना या कुछ होने देना; आज्ञा देना)
• Ignoring (Ignore + ing) : Refuse to take notice of or acknowledge; disregard intentionally. (नोटिस लेने या स्वीकार करने से इंकार करना; जानबूझकर अवहेलना करना)
• Outlawing (Outlaw + ing): Ban or make illegal. (प्रतिबंध लगाना या अवैध बनाना)
• The implied meaning of the sentence is: The ideal future for children can be imagined by prohibiting child marriage.
• So, as per the meaning of the given words "Outlawing" is the most appropriate option.

Therefore, the correct answer is option 4.

Complete passage: In terms of education, children must receive proper care, (1) guidance, and schooling. By (2) outlawing child marriage, the best possible future for children can be (3). When there is an economic crisis, many programs must be held so that they can (4) how to fight for themselves (5)______ and efficiently.

The correct answer is: Envisioned

Key Points

• Let's look at the meaning of the given words. 
• Envisioned: Imagine as a future possibility; visualize. (भविष्य की संभावना के रूप में कल्पना कीजिए; कल्पना)
• Navigated: To direct the way that a vehicle, especially, a ship or aircraft will travel, or to find a direction across, along, or over an area of water or land. (जिस तरह से एक वाहन, विशेष रूप से, एक जहाज या विमान यात्रा करेगा, उसे निर्देशित करने के लिए, या पानी या जमीन के क्षेत्र में, साथ में, या एक दिशा खोजने के लिए)
• Awaited: To wait for or be in the future of someone or something. (किसी के या किसी चीज़ के भविष्य की प्रतीक्षा करना या होना)
• Scheduled: A plan for carrying out a process or procedure, giving lists of intended events and times. (एक प्रक्रिया या प्रक्रिया को पूरा करने की योजना, इच्छित घटनाओं और समय की सूची देना)
• The implied meaning of the sentence is: The ideal future for children can be imagined by prohibiting child marriage.
• So, as per the meaning of the given words "envisioned" is the most appropriate option.

Therefore, the correct answer is option 1.

Complete passage: In terms of education, children must receive proper care, (1) guidance, and schooling. By (2) outlawing child marriage, the best possible future for children can be (3) envisioned*. When there is an economic crisis, many programs must be held so that they can (4)______ how to fight for themselves (5)______ and efficiently.*

The correct answer is: Learn 

Key Points

• Let's look at the meaning of the given words. 
• Learn: Gain or acquire knowledge of or skill in something by study, experience, or being taught. (सीखना)
• Plan: A method for doing or achieving something, usually involving a series of actions or stages. (परियोजना)
• Educate: To train or develop the knowledge, skill, mind, or character by formal schooling or study. (शिक्षित करना)
• Teach: Impart knowledge to or instruct someone as to how to do something. (शिक्षा देना)
• So, as per the meaning of the given words "Learn" is the most appropriate option.

Therefore, the correct answer is option 1.

Complete passage: In terms of education, children must receive proper care, (1) guidance, and schooling. By (2) outlawing child marriage, the best possible future for children can be (3) envisioned*. When there is an economic crisis, many programs must be held so that they can (4)* Learn how to fight for themselves (5)______ and efficiently.

The correct answer is: Effectively 

Key Points

• Adding -ly to an adjective makes an adverb.
• An adverb is used to provide more information about the verb or the action in the sentence.
• Let's look at the meaning of the given words. 
• Eloquently: In a fluent or persuasive manner. (धाराप्रवाह या प्रेरक तरीके से)
• Effectively: In such a manner as to achieve the desired result. (जिससे मनोवांछित फल की प्राप्ति हो सके)
• Abruptly: In a sudden, unexpected, and sometimes unpleasant way. (अचानक, अप्रत्याशित और कभी-कभी अप्रिय तरीके से)
• Affectively: In an emotional manner. (भावनात्मक तरीके से)
• So, as per the meaning of the given words "effectively" is the most appropriate option.

Therefore, the correct answer is option 2.

Complete passage: In terms of education, children must receive proper care, (1) guidance, and schooling. By (2) outlawing child marriage, the best possible future for children can be (3) envisioned*. When there is an economic crisis, many programs must be held so that they can (4)* Learn how to fight for themselves (5) effectively and efficiently.

According to the English alphabets and their positional values: 

The pattern given is:

‘GOLD’ is written as ‘HPME’

And,

‘FAKE’ is written as ‘GBLF’

<br>

Similarly,

‘SOAP’ be written as '?'

<br>

Hence, the correct answer is TPBQ.

The mirror image of the given combination is:

<br>

We compare each option with the mirror image, and we get:

Option 1:

The combination matches completely.

Option 2:

The combination is not complete.

Option 3:

The combination is in the wrong order.

Option 4:

Letter 'F' is missing in the combination.

Hence, the correct answer is "option 1"

We use the BODMAS rule to solve the equation:

<br>

The given equation:

64437119543

We apply each option to the given equation:

Option 1) -, +, ×, =, -, ×

64 - 4 + 3 × 71 = 19 - 5 × 43

64 - 4 + 213 = 19 - 215

277 - 4 = 19 - 215 

273 ≠ -196

LHS ≠ RHS

Option 2) +, =, ×, ÷, -, +

64 + 4 = 3 × 71 ÷ 19 - 5 + 43

64 + 4 = 3 × 3.7 - 5 + 43

64 + 4 = 11.2 - 5 + 43

68 = 54.2 - 5

68 ≠ 49.2

LHS ≠ RHS

Option 3) ×, +, =, -, ×, -

64 × 4 + 3 = 71 - 19 × 5 - 43

256 + 3 = 71 - 95 - 43

259 = 71 - 95 - 43

259 ≠ - 67

LHS ≠ RHS

Option 4) ÷, +, =, −, ×, +

64 ÷ 4 + 3 = 71 - 19 × 5 + 43

16 + 3 = 71 - 19 × 5 + 43

16 + 3 = 71 - 95 + 43

19 = 114 - 95

19 = 19

LHS = RHS,

Hence the correct answer is option 4)

We draw a diagram according to the table, to get the answer:

From the given information, we get:

• Father-in-law of my husband = My father
• Mother of the father-in-law of my husband = Mother of my father

Mother of Taran's father = Grandmother of Taran

Hence, the correct answer is Granddaughter.

The pattern in the given pairs is:

First number × (First number - 1) + 1 = Second number

Let's apply the pattern to the given options:

Option 1) 3 ∶ 7

First number × (First number - 1) + 1 = Second number

3 × (3-1) + 1 = 7 

3 × 2 + 1 = 7

6 + 1 = 7 

7 = 7 

LHS = RHS

Option 2) 5 : 21

First number × (First number - 1) + 1 = Second number

5 × (5-1) + 1 = 21 

5 × 4 + 1 = 21

20 + 1 = 21 

21 = 21 

LHS = RHS

Option 3) 4 : 13 

First number × (First number - 1) + 1 = Second number

4 × (4-1) + 1 = 13 

4 × 3 + 1 = 13

12 + 1 = 13 

13 = 13 

LHS = RHS

Option 4) 23 ∶ 123

First number × (First number - 1) + 1 = Second number

23 × (23-1) + 1 = 123 

23 × 22 + 1 = 123

506 + 1 = 123

507 ≠ 123 

LHS ≠ RHS

Option 4) does not follow the pattern, it is the odd pair.

Hence the correct answer is "option 4"

The pattern followed in the given series is:

Hence, the correct answer is "186".

Given series:

Cow: Bull:: Mice:?

Explanation:

These are the animals of the same breed but different gender,

• Cow -- Female
• Bull -- Male

Similarly,

• Mice -- Female
• Mouse -- Male ​

All the other animals are of different breeds and only mouse matches.

Hence, the correct answer is "Mouse".

In the given figure:

<br>

We can see two sides of dice with faces '15' and '16' present on both sides.

• On the left side of faces '15' and '16' we have faces '12'.
• On the right side of faces '15' and '16' we have faces '14'.

In a standard dice, the left and right sides of two same faces are opposite to each other.

In this case, '12' is left and '14' is right of '15' and '16'.

Therefore 12 and 14 are opposite each other.

Hence, the correct answer is "14".

Given equation:

41 C 29 A (38 B 3) D 19 A 61 C 17 = ?

Given information:

 

We use the BODMAS rule to solve the equation:

<br>

On substituting the values in the equation, we get:

41 - 29 + (38 × 3) ÷ 19 + 61 - 17 = ?

41 - 29 + 114 ÷ 19 + 61 - 17 = ?

41 - 29 + 6 + 61 - 17 = ?

108 - 29 - 17 = ?

108 - 46 = ?

62 = Answer 

Hence the correct answer is "62".

The pattern followed in the given series is:

We follow the pattern and get:

Hence, the correct answer is "7".

The pattern followed in the given series is:

<br>

Hence, the correct answer is "354".

The pattern followed is:

• 1 shifts to 2
• 2 shifts to 4
• 3 shifts to 6
• 4 shifts to 5
• 5 shifts to 3
• 6 shifts to 1

FLEECE becomes EFCLEE

And,

OVERCOAT becomes TOAVOECR

Similarly,

MITTEN becomes NMEITT

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 2"

We use the BODMAS rule to solve the equation:

<br>

The given equation:

312943855

We apply each option on the given equation:

Option 1) +, ×, =, -

31 + 29 × 43 = 85 - 5

31 + 1247 = 85 - 5

1278 = 85 - 5

1278 ≠ 80

LHS ≠ RHS

Option 2) +, -, =, ÷

31 + 29 - 43 = 85 ÷ 5

31 + 29 - 43 = 17

60 - 43 = 17

17 = 17

LHS = RHS

Option 3) +, +, =, ×

31 + 29 + 43 = 85 × 5

31 + 29 + 43 = 425

103 ≠ 425

LHS ≠ RHS

Option 4) =, +, -, ÷

31 = 29 + 43 - 85 ÷ 5

31 = 29 + 43 - 17

31 = 72 -17

31 ≠ 55

LHS ≠ RHS

Hence option 2) is the correct answer.

According to the English alphabets and their positional values:

<br>

The pattern in the given series is:

• First alphabet is decreased to 10 positional values.
• Second alphabet is decreased to 7 positional values.
• Third alphabet is a vowel so it is replaced with the next vowel in the order, A, E, I, O, U.
• Fourth alphabet is decreased to 4 positional values.

Hence the correct answer is LDIO.

The pattern followed is:

(First number ÷ 6) × 4 = Second number

Let's apply each option:

Option 1) 33 - 24

(First number ÷ 6) × 4 = Second number

(33 ÷ 6) × 4 = 24

5.5 × 4 = 24

22 ≠ 24 

LHS ≠ RHS

Option 2) 54 - 36

(First number ÷ 6) × 4 = Second number

(54 ÷ 6) × 4 = 36

9 × 4 = 36

36 = 36

LHS = RHS

Option 3) 45 - 30

(First number ÷ 6) × 4 = Second number

(45 ÷ 6) × 4 = 30

7.5 × 4 = 30

30 = 30

LHS = RHS

Option 4) 48 - 32

(First number ÷ 6) × 4 = Second number

(48 ÷ 6) × 4 = 32

8 × 4 = 32

32 = 32 

LHS = RHS

Only option 1) does not follow the same pattern. Thus it is the odd pair.

Hence the correct answer is "Option 1".

Lets see the figure given in the question,

  

If you see carefully in the first figure the  paper is folded from centre which will divide the paper into two symmetrical equal parts, 

Now, again the paper is folded, which will divide the paper into four equal symmetrical squares when you unfold the paper. , 

Thus if you see in the third figure, the representation of the first square is given, which contains a particular pattern at the three ends but at the centre there is no pattern and each square has three circles aligned in a particular fashion,

thus all squares will have the same pattern.

As mentioned above all the given points hold true for only figure given in option2) 

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 2".

The logic followed here is:

Logic: (First number × 30) = Second Number

Lets each pair:

1. 9 : 270

⇒ 9 × 30 = 270

And,

2. 15 : 450

⇒ 15 × 30 = 450

Similarly,

3) 13:?

⇒ 13 × 30 = 390

Hence, the correct answer is "390".

The mirror image of the given pattern is:

<br>

Now we consider the given options:

Option 1) Numbers 4 and 7 are inverted so this pattern is wrong.

Option 2) The pattern is incorrect.

Option 3) The pattern matches completely.

Option 4) The pattern is partially correct, the alphabets are inverted.

Hence the correct answer is option 3)

Option 4 is correct.

Given figure is,

Now, in option 1, we get,

The given figure is not embedded in the figure in question. Thus, option 1 is incorrect.

Now, in option 2, we get,

The given figure is not embedded in the figure in question. Thus, option 2 is incorrect.

Now, in option 3, we get,

The given figure is not embedded in the figure in question. Thus, option 3 is incorrect.

In option 4, 

which has the figure embedded in it.

Thus, option 4 is correct.

The position of letters according to the English alphabet series:

The pattern followed here is:

Hence, the correct answer is "KFGZ".

The triangles can be counted as,

Hence, the correct answer is "24".

The order of the given words according to how it will be present in the dictionary is:

3) Uplift 

6. Valor 

7. Vantage

8. Variety 

9. Various 

2) Wherefore

Thus, the order is 3, 6, 1, 5, 4, 2.

Hence, option 1 is correct.

LOGIC:

1. Word is divided into half. 

2. First half of the word becomes the second half of the word.

3. Letters of the second half of the word are reversed to make the first half of the new word. 

Option 1:

 'COMPUTER' is written as 'RETUCOMP'

Again, 'LAPTOP' is written as 'POTLAP'.

Thus, in a similar manner, for the word BOTTLE, we get,

Thus, option 1 is correct.

The pattern followed here is:

14 × 1 =14.

14 - 2 = 12

12 × 3 = 36.

36 - 4 = 32

32 × 5 = 160

160 - 6 = 154

Hence, the correct answer is "154".

Here, it is given that all books are copies. 

I. Some copies are erasers → Follow → (As all books are copies and some eraser are books. So, some copies are erasers is followed)

II. Some pens are books → Does not follow → (As no copy is pen and all books are copies. So, some pens are books is not definite followed)

III. No eraser is a pen → Does not follow → (As some erasers are copies but no copy is a pen. So. no eraser is pen is not definite followed)

Only, Conclusion I follow.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 4".

Given:

The average of n quantities = P

The average of m quantities = Q

Concept used:

Average = Sum of all the values/Total no. of values

Calculation:

According to the question,

The average of n quantities = P

Sum of the n quantities = nP

The average of m quantities = Q

Sum of m quantities = Qm

Now Average of (m + n) = (nP + Qm)/(m + n)

∴ The average of (m + n) quantities is $\frac{nP+mQ}{m+n}$.

Concept used:

Average = Sum of all the values/Total no. of values

Calculation:

According to the question,

Candidate passed = A + B + C + D + E

The values are given in hundreds:

Candidate passed = 1200 + 2000 + 800 + 2600 + 1800 = 8400

Average = 8400/5 = 1680

∴ The average number (in hundreds) of candidates to have passed per institution is 16.80.

Shortcut Trick

Weighted Average = (n₁w₁ + n₂w₂ + n₃w₃) ÷ (n₁ + n₂ + n₃)

Ratio of employees = 20 : 30 : 40 = 2 : 3 : 4

Working % = (2 × 20 + 3 × 30 + 4 × 40) ÷ (2 + 3 + 4)

Working % = (40 + 90 + 160) ÷ 9 = 290 ÷ 9 ≈ 32.22%

∴ The correct answer is 32%.

Alternate Method

Given:

Employees in Division 1 = 20, Working = 20%

Employees in Division 2 = 30, Working = 30%

Employees in Division 3 = 40, Working = 40%

Calculations:

⇒ Total employees = 20 + 30 + 40 = 90

⇒ Working employees in Div 1 = 20% of 20 = 4

⇒ Working employees in Div 2 = 30% of 30 = 9

⇒ Working employees in Div 3 = 40% of 40 = 16

⇒ Total working employees = 4 + 9 + 16 = 29

⇒ Working percentage = (29 ÷ 90) × 100

⇒ Working percentage = 290 ÷ 9 ≈ 32.22%

∴ The correct answer is 32%.

Additional Information

Weighted Average Formula

Used when different groups have different sizes: Average = (Σ n_ix_i) ÷ Σ n_i.

Percentage Change

Percentage change = (Final Value − Initial Value) ÷ Initial Value × 100.

Base Value in Percentage

Always ensure the base (denominator) represents the total population when calculating overall percentages.

Given:

r + $\frac{64}{r}$ = 16

Calculations:

r + $\frac{64}{r}$ = 16

⇒ r² + 64 = 16r

⇒ r2 - 16r + 64 = 0

⇒ r2 - 8r - 8r + 64 = 0

⇒ r(r - 8) - 8(r - 8) = 0

⇒ (r - 8)(r - 8) = 0

⇒ r = 8

Now, the value of

⇒ r4 + $\frac{1}{{{r^3}}}$ 

⇒ (8)⁴ + $\frac{1}{8^3}$

⇒ 4096 + $\frac{1}{512}$

⇒ $4096\frac{1}{512}$

$\therefore$ The Required value is  $4096\frac{1}{512}$.

Given:

Price of the mixture per liter = Rs. 55

Price per liter of first type of milk = Rs. 70

Price per liter of second type of milk = Rs. 50

Calculation:

Let the quantity of first type of milk be x

Let the quantity of second type of milk be y

(70 × x) + (50 × y) = 55 × (x + y)

⇒ 70x + 50y = 55x + 55y

⇒ 15x = 5y

⇒ x : y = 1 : 3

∴ The ratio of the two types of milk in this new mixture is x : y = 1 : 3.

Shortcut Trick   

So, the required ratio = 5 : 15 = 1 : 3

Shortcut Trick

When a journey is covered in two equal halves at different speeds, the average speed = 2xy / (x + y)

⇒ Average speed = (2 × 21 × 24) / (21 + 24)

⇒ Average speed = 1008 / 45 = 22.4 km/h

Total distance = Average speed × Total time

⇒ Total distance = 22.4 × 10 = 224 km

∴ The correct answer is 224 km.

Alternate Method

Given:

Speed for the first half (v₁) = 21 km/h

Speed for the second half (v₂) = 24 km/h

Total time taken (T) = 10 hours

Formula Used:

Time = Distance ÷ Speed

Calculation:

Let the total distance be 2d km. Therefore, each half of the journey is d km.

⇒ Total Time = (Time for 1st half) + (Time for 2nd half)

⇒ d / 21 + d / 24 = 10

⇒ d(1 / 21 + 1 / 24) = 10

Take LCM of 21 and 24, which is 168.

⇒ d × (8 + 7) / 168 = 10

⇒ 15d / 168 = 10

⇒ d = (168 × 10) / 15

⇒ d = 1680 / 15

⇒ d = 112 km

The total distance is 2d.

⇒ Total distance = 2 × 112

⇒ Total distance = 224 km

∴ The correct answer is 224 km.

Additional Information

Average Speed for Equal Distances

When a person travels two equal distances at speeds x and y, the average speed is given by 2xy / (x + y).

Average Speed for Equal Time Intervals

When a person travels at speeds x and y for equal intervals of time, the average speed is the arithmetic mean, given by (x + y) / 2.

Relative Speed

When two objects move in opposite directions, their relative speed is the sum of their individual speeds (x + y). If they move in the same direction, the relative speed is the difference of their speeds (x − y).

Given:

Radii are 7 cm and 4 cm

Distance between centres = 12 cm

Formula used:

Length of direct common tangent = √(d² - (r₁ - r₂)²)

Where d = distance between their centers

r₁ and r₂ are radii of circles

Calculation:

Length of direct common tangent = √(12² - (7 - 4)²  

⇒ √144 - 3² 

⇒ √144 - 9  

⇒ √135

⇒ √(9 × 15) = 3√15cm

∴ The length of the direct common tangent to the circles is 3√15cm.

Given:

p = 11

Calculation:

According to the question,

p(p2 + 3p + 3)

⇒ 11(112 + 3 × 11 + 3)

⇒ 11(121 + 33 + 3)

⇒ 11(157) = 1727

∴ The value of given equation is 1727.

Given:

24 - [52 - {4 + 10 × (-3)}]

Concept used:

Calculations:

24 - [52 - {4 + 10 × (-3)}]

⇒ 24 - [52 - {4 + - 30}]

⇒ 24 - [52 - {- 26}]

⇒ 24 - [52 + 26]

⇒ 24 - 78 = - 54

∴ The value of the given equation is - 54.

Given:

The ratio of income of A to that of B is 4 ∶ 3.

The expenditure of A is $\frac{5}{12}$ of his income

The expenditure of B is $\frac {7}{15}$ of his income.

The difference between their expenditures is ₹4,500.

Calculations:

Let the ratio of income of A and B = 4x : 3x

According to the question,

4500 = 4x($\frac{5}{12}$) - 3x($\frac{7}{15}$)

⇒ 4500 = $\frac{5x}{3}$ - $\frac{7x}{5}$

⇒ 4500 = $\frac{25x-21x}{15}$

⇒ 67500 = 4x

⇒ x = 67500/4 = Rs. 16875

The salary of B = 3x = 16875 × 3 = Rs. 50,625

∴ The income of B is Rs. 50,625.

Given:

(1 + tan 10°)(1 + tan 35°)

Concept used:

If A + B = 45° then (1+ tanA) (1 + tanB) = 2

Calculation:

According to the concept,

(1 + tan 10°)(1 + tan 35°) = 2

Here, 10° + 35° = 45°

∴ The value of the given equation is 2.

Alternate Method (1 + tan 10°)(1 + tan 35°)

We can see that 

10° + 35° = 45° = A + B

∴ Let A = 0° and B = 45° 

 We know that, tan 0° = 0

tan 45° = 1

∴ (1+ tanA) (1 + tanB) = 2 =  (1 + tan 10°)(1 + tan 35°)

∴  (1 + tan 10°)(1 + tan 35°) = 2

Given:

The volume of a sphere is 288π cm3.

Formula used:

Volume = (4/3)π r³ 

Surface area = 4 π r² 

Calculations:

According to the question,

288π  = (4/3)π r3 

⇒ 72 × 3 = r3 

⇒ r = 6

Surface area = 4 π (6)2 

⇒ Surface area = 4π × 36 

⇒ Surface area =  144π cm² 

∴ The surface area of sphere 144π cm2.

Shortcut Trick

Winner's share = 48% → 15744 votes

Runner-up share = 22%

Non-voters % = 100% − (48% + 22%) = 30%

Since 48% ≡ 15744, then 1% ≡ 328

Non-voters = 30% ≡ 30 × 328 = 9840

∴ The correct answer is 9840.

Alternate Method

Winner (48%) 15744 Other (22%) Non-voters (30%)

Total Electorate = 100% Calculation: (15744 ÷ 48) × 30 = 9840

Given:

Winner's votes = 48% of Total Electorate

Winner's votes = 15744

Other candidate's votes = 22% of Total Electorate

Let the total electorate be E.

⇒ 48% of E = 15744

⇒ E = (15744 × 100) ÷ 48

⇒ E = 32800

⇒ Voted percentage = Winner% + Other% = 48% + 22% = 70%

⇒ Non-voter percentage = 100% − 70% = 30%

⇒ Number of non-voters = 30% of E

⇒ Non-voters = 0.30 × 32800

⇒ Non-voters = 9840

∴ The correct answer is 9840.

Additional Information

Election Majority Concept

Majority is the difference between the winner's votes and the runner-up's votes. Margin % = (Winner% − Runner-up%).

Valid and Invalid Votes

Total Polled Votes = Valid Votes + Invalid Votes. Usually, candidates receive percentages of the Valid Votes unless stated as Percentage of Electorate.

Percentage Base Change

If A is x% of Total, then Value of A ÷ x gives 1% of the total base, which can then be multiplied to find any other percentage of the same base.

Given:

The table shows loans disbursed by five banks (in ₹ crore) from 1982 to 1986.

 

Calculations:

According to the question,

Total no. of money disbursed from 1982 - 1986 

For Bank A = 18 + 23 + 45 + 30 + 70 = 186 (in ₹ crore) 

For Bank B = 27 + 33 + 18 + 41 + 37 = 156 (in ₹ crore) 

For Bank C = 29 + 28 + 22 + 17 + 11 = 107 (in ₹ crore) 

For Bank D = 31 + 16 + 28 + 32 + 43 = 150 (in ₹ crore) 

For Bank E = 13 + 19 + 27 + 34 + 42 = 135 (in ₹ crore) 

∴ The disbursement of loans continuously decreases over the years for bank C.

Given:

The price of a certain laptop is discounted by 20%

The reduced price is then discounted by 20%.

Concept used:

Successive formula = (A + B) - (AB/100)

Calculations:

According to the question,

⇒ 20 + 20 - 400/100

⇒ 40 - 4 = 36%

∴ This series of successive discounts is equivalent to a single discount of 36%.

Given:

Loss% = 4%,

b = 20 g and c = 40 g

Concept used:

Required profit = [(100 - a) × (c/b) -100] %

Calculations:

[(100 - 4) × (40/20) - 100] %

⇒ [96 × 2 - 100]%

⇒ [192 - 100]% = 92% Gain

∴ Here (+ve) sign shows that profit is earned of 92%.

Given:

A can do a piece of work in 12 days

B can do it in 30 days.

Calculations:

A can complete work in 12 days

B complete work in 30 days

LCM of (12, 30) is 60 then total work is 60 parts

A can do in day 60/12 parts = 5 parts

B can do in 1 day 60/30 parts = 2 parts

Their 2 days of work are 7 parts

Then they do 56 parts of work in 16 days

The remaining part is done by A is 4/5 parts 

The total no of days is 16 + 4/5 = 16​$\frac{4}{5}$ 

∴The work will be completed in 16​$\frac{4}{5}$.

Given:

Two trains each 200 m long are moving in opposite directions.

They cross each other in 10 seconds or 1/360 hours

The speed of one train is 90 km/h

Concept used:

Relative speed (while moving in opp. direction) = x + y

Calculations:

Total length = 200 + 200 = 400 m or 0.4 km

Let the speed of the other train be x  

When crossed each other (moving in opp. direction)

Distance traveled = 400 m

x + 90 = 0.4/(1/360)

⇒ x = (0.4 × 360) - 90

⇒ x = 144 - 90 = 54 km/h

∴ The speed of the other train is 54 km/h.

Given:

D₁ = 378 km

T₁ = 7 hour

D₂ = 918 km

Concept used:

Speed = Distance/Time

Calculations:

According to the question,

Speed of 1st journey = Speed of the second journey

378/7 = 918/T₂ 

⇒ T2 = (918 × 7)/378

⇒ T2 = 6426/378 = 17 hours

∴ The person covers 918 km in 17 hours.

Given:

Principle = Rs. 16875

Time = 2 years

Amount = Rs. 19683

Formula used:

Amount = P(1 + r%)^T 

Calculations:

According to the question,

19683 = 16875(1 + r%)2 

⇒ 19683/16875 = (1 + r%)2 

⇒ (1 + r%)2 = 1.1664

⇒ r% = 1.08 - 1 = 0.08

⇒ r = 8%

∴ The value of r is 8%.

Given:

The lengths of the three sides of a triangle are 3 cm, 4 cm, and 5 cm respectively

Formula used:

A = √[s(s﹣a)(s﹣b)(s﹣c)]

s = (a + b + c)/2

here, (a,b,c) are sides of triangle

Calculations:

According to the question,

s = (3 + 4 + 5)/2

s = 12/2 = 6

Now Area of the triangle by herons formula

A = √[6(6﹣3)(6﹣4)(6﹣5)]

⇒ A = √[6(3)(2)(1)]

⇒ A = √(6 × 6)

⇒ A = √36 = 6 cm² 

∴ The area of this triangle is 6 cm2.

Shortcut TrickHere 3, 4 and 5 forms a triplet

So, 3, 4 and 5 is a right-angled triangle.

Area of a triangle = 1/2 × 3 × 4 = 6cm²

Given:

The number is 34278A2597

Concept used:

A number is divisible by 9 if the sum of all digits is divisible by 9.

Calculation:

Number = 34278A2597

The sum of all digit = 3 + 4 + 2 + 7 + 8 + A + 2 + 5 + 9 + 7 = 47 + A

In the above equation, if 7 is placed in the place of A it becomes 54, which is divisible by 9.

∴ The least value is 7.

Given:

The table shows the number of runs scored by a cricket player in different countries in different years.

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Calculations:

For country A = 30 + 25 + 25 + 52 = 132

For country B = 45 + 32 + 35 + 29 = 141

For country C = 50 + 40 + 38 + 45 = 173

For country D = 38 + 50 + 50 + 62 = 200

∴ The maximum number of runs in aggregate during these four years are of Country D.

Given:

A shopkeeper offers 25% discount on all table lamps. He offers a further discount of 8% 

Marked price = Rs. 2500

Concept used:

Final Discount% = (A + B) - (AB/100)

Selling Price = MP(1 - D%)

Calculations:

According to the question,

Final Discount% = (25 + 8) - [(25 × 8)/100]

⇒ D% = 33 - (200/100)

⇒ D% = 33 - 2 = 31%

Now SP

SP =  2500(1 - 31%)

⇒ SP =  2500(1 - 0.31)

⇒ SP =  2500 × 0.69 = Rs. 1725

∴ The selling Price of the lamp will be Rs. 1725.

Given:

Length (l) = 3 m

Breadth (b) = 3.5 m

Height (h) = 1.5 m

Formula used:

Volume of Cuboid = l × b × h

Calculations:

According to the question,

Vol. = 3 × 3.5 × 1.5 = 15.75 m³ 

Now Volume in litres

1 m³ = 1000 liters

⇒ 15.75 m3 = 1000 × 15.75 = 15750 liters

∴ It can hold 15750 litres of water.

The correct answer is Vallathol Narayan Menon.

Key Points

• Vallathol Narayana Menon was a poet in the Malayalam language.
• He was one of the triumvirate poets of modern Malayalam, along with Kumaran Asan and Ulloor S. Parameswara Iyer.
• He was a nationalist poet and wrote a series of poems on various aspects of the Indian freedom movement.
• He also wrote against caste restriction, tyrannies and orthodoxies.
• He founded the Kerala Kalamandalam.
• He is credited with revitalizing the traditional Keralite dance form known as Kathakali.

Additional Information

• Kathakali is a major form of classical Indian dance.
• It is a "story play" genre of art.
• It is native to the Malayalam-speaking southwestern region of Kerala.
• It is entirely practiced and appreciated by Malayali people.
• The famous dancers of Kathakali include Kalamandalam Gopi, Kalamandalam Krishna Prasad, Kottakal Sivaraman, Kalamandalam Ramankutty Nair, Kalamandalam Vasu Pisharody, Kavungal Chathunni Panicker.

The correct answer is Fragmentation.

Key Points

• Red algae reproduce through Fragmentation.
• Red algae is the numerous algae that constitute the phylum Rhodophyta.
• It contains a red pigment in addition to chlorophyll.
• The group includes carrageen, dulse, and laver also called red seaweed.
• It reproduces sexually as well as asexually.
• Asexual reproduction can occur through the production of spores and by vegetative means.
• It includes fragmentation, cell division or propagules production.
• Fragmentation is a method where one fragment from an organism's body is broken due to external physical causes.
• Each fragment then grows into different individuals.

Additional Information

• Fission
• ​The type of asexual reproduction in which a microorganism splits in two equal halves is called as binary fission.
• Binary fission occurs in Amoeba.
• The cells which split during binary fission have the potential to grow to the size of the original one.
• Spore Formation
• ​Spore formation is a method of asexual reproduction.
• Plants like ferns, moss, and fungi reproduce by this method.
• Spores are unicellular reproductive bodies present in sacs called sporangia.
• When spores mature sporangia burst and spores are carried to a different location by air, wind, and water.
• Cutting
• Cutting is a type of asexual reproduction.
• ​A cutting is a vegetative plant part.
• It is severed from the parent plant in order to regenerate itself, thereby forming a whole new plant.

The correct answer is 12.

Key Points

• Major Dhyan Chand Khel Ratna Award are given every year to recognize and reward excellence in sports.
• 12 players were honored with the Major Dhyan Chand Khel Ratna Award in 2021.
• The full list of sportspersons to win the award are:
• Neeraj Chopra for Athletics
• Ravi Kumar for Wrestling
• Lovlina Borgohain for Boxing
• Sreejesh P.R for Hockey
• Avani Lekhara for Para Shooting
• Sumit Antil for Para-Athletics
• Pramod Bhagat for Para-Badminton
• Krishna Nagar for Para-Badminton
• Manish Narwal for Para-Shooting
• Mithali Raj for Cricket
• Sunil Chhetri for Football
• Manpreet Singh for Hockey

Additional Information

• Major Dhyan Chand Khel Ratna
• ​The Major Dhyan Chand Khel Ratna Award is formerly known as the Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna Award in Sports and Games.
• It is the highest sporting honor in India.
• It is awarded annually by the Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports.
• The first recipient of the award was Chess Grandmaster Viswanathan Anand.
• The award comprises a medallion, a certificate, and a cash prize of ₹25 lakh.

The correct answer is Kelp.

Key Points

• Kelp
• ​Kelp are large brown algae that live in cool, relatively shallow waters close to the shore.
• They grow in dense groupings much like a forest on land.
• These underwater towers of kelp provide food and shelter for thousands of marine species.
• Kelp can grow to be one hundred feet tall.
• They are food for abalones such as the California Red Abalone.
• Kelp forests make tons of oxygen for nearby waters.

Additional Information

• Seagrass
• ​Seagrasses are underwater plants that evolved from land plants.
• They are like terrestrial plants in that they have leaves, flowers, seeds, and roots.
• They are a very important food source and habitat for wildlife.
• They have been called “the lungs of the sea” because they release oxygen into the water through the process of photosynthesis.
• Corals
• ​Corals are small marine animals.
• The “hard” type of coral grows with the help of algae, which gives it color and nutrients that help it form a sturdy, stony skeleton.
• Reefs, which form through the accumulation of hard coral are a vital ecosystem.
• It supports an estimated 25% of ocean species.

The correct answer is hockey.

Key Points

• Pritam Rani Siwach is a former captain of the Indian women's hockey team.
• She received an Arjuna Award in 1998.
• She received Dronacharya Award 2021 from President Ram Nath Kovind.
• She last played with the team when it won the Gold at the 2002 Commonwealth Games.
• She is now Coach with the Indian Women's Hockey team for World Cup and Commonwealth Games.

Additional Information

• The Dronacharya Award is given to coaches as recognition for their contribution to a particular sport.
• It is officially called the Dronacharya Award for Outstanding Coaches in Sports and Games.
• It is also given to motivate coaches to dedicate themselves to raising the performance of their athletes.
• It is handed out on National Sports Day – celebrated on August 29.
• The Dronacharya award is named after the mythical character Drona – who taught the art of warfare to the Kauravas and Pandavas.

The correct answer is Odissi.

Key Points

• Padma Shri awardee Guru Gangadhar Pradhan
• Guru Gangadhar Pradhan was an eminent Odissi exponent, choreographer, and teacher.
• He founded both the prestigious Orissa Dance Academy as well as Konark Natya Mandap.
• He was a member of the Central Sangeet Natak Akademi.
• He served as the President of the Odissa Sangeet Natak Akademi.
• Guruji was awarded the Sanjukta Panigrahi Memorial National Award (2002).
• He was awarded the Sanskruti Bharatee Award from the National Council of Asian Indian Associations (2002).
• Guruji was awarded the Sangeet Natak Akademi Award in 1998.
• He was awarded the Padma Shri in 2008 which is India's fourth highest civilian award.

Additional Information

• List of Padma Shri awardees in 2022
• Durga Bai Vyam was honored for her outstanding work in art.
• Kaajee Singh ‘Vidyaarthee’ was accorded in the art field for his work towards the promotion of cultural music.
• Konsam Ibomcha Singh was honored for his distinguished work in preserving the century-old art of doll making.
• Filmmaker Chandraprakash Dwivedi was awarded for his work in television.
• Khalil Dhantejvi was honored for championing the ascent of the Gujarati language in Ghazal literature.
• Dr. Shyamamani Devi was honored for contributing to the systematic development of Odishi music.
• Pandit S Ballesh Bhajanti was awarded for carrying forward the legacy of Benares Gharana style.

The correct answer is Nagai R Muralidharan.

Key Points

• Nagai Anoushka Shankar Muralidharan
• Nagai Muralidharan is a Carnatic violinist from India.
• He is a top-ranking violin artist, who is sought by leading lights of Carnatic music.
• In 1985, he performed 26 hours non-stop marathon violin concert held at Sri Rangam Temple at Tamil Nadu.
• He was awarded several awards.
• Kalaimamani by the State Government of Tamil Nadu in 2003.
• Sahrudaya Seva Rathna – Shi-Ba Sangeetha Sabha Chennai (2009)
• Vani Kala Sudhakra – Sri Thyaga Brahma Gana Sabha (2010)
• Sangeet Natak Academi Award – Government of India (2010)
• Sangeetha Rathnakara - Bhairavi Fine Arts, Cleveland, Ohio, USA (2015)

Additional Information

• Sajjad Hussain 
• ​Sajjad Hussain was an Indian film score composer.
• He was also an accomplished mandolinist, playing the mandolin as a "Top Grade" player for the Indian film industry.
• He is reputed to have played more than 22,000 songs.
• He was known to play Indian classical music as well as Arabic music and Sufi music.
• Anoushka Shankar
• Anoushka Shankar is a British-Indian-American sitar player, producer, film composer and activist.
• She was the youngest and first woman to receive a British House of Commons Shield.
• She has had 7 Grammy Awards nominations.
• She performs across multiple genres and styles - classical and contemporary, acoustic and electronic.
• Krishna R Chaudhary 
• ​Sri Krishna Ram Choudhary is a popular and excellent Shehnai Player.
• He has received wide acclaim for truly representing pure Hindustani Classical and Semi-Classical Music.
• He was awarded Padma Shri by the President of India in the year 2017.

The correct answer is zero primary deficit.

Key Points

• Zero primary deficit
• ​Zero primary deficit means the government resorts to borrowing only to clear the existing backlog of interest payments.
• It is not adding to the existing loans for any purpose other than meeting its existing obligations of interest payment.
• It is a sign of fiscal discipline or fiscal responsibility on the part of the government.
• A high primary deficit, on the other hand, reflects the fiscal irresponsibility of the government.

Additional Information

• Zero revenue deficit 
• The shortfall of total revenue receipts compared to total revenue expenditure is defined as a revenue deficit.
• It is related to only revenue expenditure and revenue receipts of the government.
• It signifies that the government’s own earnings are insufficient to meet the normal functioning of government departments.
• Revenue deficit results in borrowing.
• Zero fiscal deficit
• A fiscal deficit is estimated as the difference between total expenditure and total receipts.
• The Gross fiscal deficit is also estimated as the sum total of borrowing from RBI.
• ​The fiscal deficit in the economy will be zero if there is no provision for borrowings in the budget.
• Excess budget deficit
• A budget deficit occurs when expenses exceed revenue.
• The government generally uses the term budget deficit when referring to spending rather than businesses or individuals.
• Countries can counter budget deficits by raising taxes and cutting spending.

The correct answer is Football.

Key Points

• A header is a technique that is used in association football to control the ball using the head to pass, shoot or clear.
• This can be done by standing, jumping, or diving position.
• The header is a common technique and is used by players in almost every match.
• A forward uses a header to score a goal.
• A defender uses a header to prevent the scoring of a goal by the opponent.
• A header is the only option when the ball is in the air, because of the rule that a player can’t make contact with the ball using their hands.
• Most header goals are scored as a result of a cross or a corner.
• Tim Cahill, Marco van Basten, and Cristiano Ronaldo are some players who are notable for their quality headers.

Additional Information

• The aim of football is to score more goals than the opponent in a 90-minute playing time frame.
• The match is split up into two halves of 45 minutes.
• After the first 45 minutes, players will take a 15-minute rest period called half time.
• The second 45 minutes will resume.
• Two teams of eleven players each compete to get the ball into the other team's goal.
• The team that has scored more goals at the end of the game is the winner.
• If both teams have scored an equal number of goals then the game is a draw.

The correct answer is Rectilinear motion - A stone thrown up in the air at an angle.

Key Points

• Rectilinear motion
• A linear motion in which the direction of the velocity remains constant and the path is a straight line.
• Following are the rectilinear motion examples:
• The use of elevators in public places
• The motion of planes in the sky
• There are three types of rectilinear motion:
• Rectilinear movement with non-uniform acceleration
• Uniformly accelerated rectilinear motion
• Uniform rectilinear motion

Additional Information

• Periodic motion
• ​Periodic motion is a motion repeated in equal intervals of time.
• Examples are: 
• A rocking chair
• A bouncing ball
• Earth rotating on its axis
• Rotational motion
• ​Rotational motion can be defined as the motion of an object around a circular path, in a fixed orbit.
• Examples are:
• ​A spinning wheel.
• Blades of a windmill
• Oscillatory motion
• Oscillatory motion is defined as the to and fro motion of an object from its mean position.
• An example is: Movement of a spring.