RRC Group D Previous Year Paper 64 (Held On: 10 Oct 2018 Shift 3)

The correct answer is Buddha.

Key Points

• The birth of Buddha and his previous lives are described in the Jataka tales.
• Birth tales or Jatakas
• • ​The previous lives of Gautama Buddha – the historical Buddha – are the subject of a collection of Birth Tales or Jatakas.
• There are 547 such stories, but more were created in the region of Northern Thailand and Laos at a later time and are known as Pannasa Jatakas.
• The Jatakas are an important part of Buddhist art and literature.
• They describe the previous existences or births of the Buddha (the Enlightened One) when he appeared as Bodhisattvas (beings who are yet to attain enlightenment or moksha), in both human and non-human forms.

Additional Information

• Lord Maha Vishnu is the Supreme Godhead of Vaishnavism (Para Brahman or Nirguna Brahman) in Puranas.
• He is called Swambhagwan in the Ramayana and Mahabharata.
• Vishnu is one of the three main Gods in Hinduism and is the Absolute Supreme being in the Vaishnava tradition.
• Vishnu is one of the members in the Trimurti in Hinduism.
• Mahavira, also known as Vardhamana, was the 24th Tirthankara of Jainism.
• He was the spiritual successor of the 23rd Tirthankara Parshvanatha.
• Mahavira was born in the early part of the 6th century BCE into a royal Jain family in Bihar, India.
• His mother's name was Trishala and his father's name was Siddhartha.
• Krishna, one of the most widely revered and most popular of all Indian divinities, is worshipped as the eighth incarnation (avatar, or avatara) of the Hindu god Vishnu and also as a supreme god in his own right.

Shortcut Trick

Speed ratio = 4 : 9

Since time is constant, Distance ratio = Speed ratio = 4 : 9

Difference in distance ratio = 9 − 4 = 5 units

5 units = 7.5 km ⇒ 1 unit = 1.5 km

Actual distance (at 4 kmph) = 4 × 1.5 = 6 km

∴ The correct answer is 6 km.

Alternate Method

Given: Initial speed = 4 kmph, Final speed = 9 kmph, Extra distance = 7.5 km.

Formula: Distance = Speed × Time

Let the time taken by Jatin be 't' hours.

⇒ Actual distance (D₁) = 4 × t

⇒ Increased distance (D₂) = 9 × t

⇒ Difference (D₂ − D₁) = 9t − 4t = 5t

⇒ 5t = 7.5

⇒ t = 7.5 ÷ 5 = 1.5 hours

⇒ Actual distance = 4 × 1.5 = 6 km

∴ The correct answer is 6 km.

Additional Information

Direct Proportionality of Distance

When time is constant, the distance covered is directly proportional to the speed (D₁/D₂ = S₁/S₂).

Average Speed Formula

If a person covers two equal distances at speeds x and y, then the Average Speed = 2xy ÷ (x + y).

Relative Speed

When two objects move in the same direction, relative speed is the difference of their speeds; in opposite directions, it is the sum.

• In the standard chess sitting posture, Shankutala will be facing Radha.

• Thus, Radha is facing west.

Hence, "option 3" is the correct answer.

The correct answer is Rafael Nadal.

Key Points

• Rafael Nadal has defeated Albert Ramos-Vinolas to win the Monte Carlo Masters title for the 10th time.
• Nadal Wins Historic 10th Monte-Carlo Title.
• Rafael Nadal captured an incredible 10th Monte-Carlo Rolex Masters crown on Sunday in beating fellow Spaniard Albert Ramos-Vinolas 6-1, 6-3 in the 76-minute final.
• Rafael "Rafa" Nadal Parera is a Spanish professional tennis player.
• He is ranked world No. 6 by the Association of Tennis Professionals, has been ranked No. 1 in the ATP rankings for 209 weeks, and has finished as the year-end No. 1 five times.

Additional Information

• Roger Federer is a Swiss professional tennis player.
• He is ranked No. 16 in the world by the Association of Tennis Professionals.
• He has won 20 Grand Slam men's singles titles, an all-time record shared with Rafael Nadal and Novak Djokovic.
• Novak Djokovic is a Serbian professional tennis player.
• He is currently ranked as world No. 1 by the Association of Tennis Professionals.
• Djokovic has been No. 1 for a record total of 354 weeks, and has finished as ATP Year-End No. 1 on a record seven occasions.

• Bus, car and bicycle are three different types of vehicles.

The best suitable Venn diagram is as follows:

Hence, "option 1" is the correct answer.

Shortcut Trick

Effective rate of CI for 2 years = R + R + (R × R) ÷ 100.

⇒ Effective rate = 9 + 9 + (9 × 9) ÷ 100 = 18.81%.

Total Amount = (100% + 18.81%) of Principal = 118.81% of Rs. 5000.

⇒ Amount = (118.81 × 5000) ÷ 100 = Rs. 5940.5.

⇒ Approximating to the nearest whole number, Amount ≈ Rs. 5940.

∴ The correct answer is Rs. 5,940.

Alternate Method

Given:

Principal (P) = Rs. 5,000

Rate of Interest (R) = 9% per annum

Time period (n) = 2 years

Formula Used:

Amount (A) = P × (1 + R/100)ⁿ

Calculations:

⇒ A = 5000 × (1 + 9/100)²

⇒ A = 5000 × (109/100) × (109/100)

⇒ A = 5000 × 1.09 × 1.09

⇒ A = 5000 × 1.1881

⇒ A = 5940.5

⇒ Rounding off to the nearest integer, Amount ≈ Rs. 5940.

∴ The correct answer is Rs. 5,940.

Additional Information

Compound Interest (CI)

When interest is compounded annually, the accumulated amount is calculated as A = P × (1 + R/100)ⁿ and CI = A − P.

Effective Rate Method

For 2 years, the combined effective compound interest rate is directly calculated as (2R + R² ÷ 100)%.

Difference Between CI and SI

For a period of 2 years, the difference between Compound Interest and Simple Interest on a given Principal is D = P × (R/100)².

Shortcut Trick

The given expression (α² + β²) ÷ (α⁻² + β⁻²) simplifies to (α² + β²) ÷ (1/α² + 1/β²).

On further simplification: (α² + β²) ÷ [(α² + β²) ÷ (αβ)²] = (αβ)².

For the polynomial x² − 5x + 6, the product of zeroes (αβ) = constant ÷ coeff. of x² = 6/1 = 6.

Required value = (αβ)² = 6² = 36.

∴ The correct answer is 36.

Alternate Method

Given: Polynomial p(x) = x² − 5x + 6.

Method: Find the roots using factorisation.

⇒ x² − 3x − 2x + 6 = 0 ⇒ x(x − 3) − 2(x − 3) = 0 ⇒ (x − 3)(x − 2) = 0 ⇒ x = 3 or x = 2

Therefore, the zeroes are α = 3 and β = 2.

Now, calculate the values for the expression:

⇒ α² + β² = 3² + 2² = 9 + 4 = 13 ⇒ α⁻² + β⁻² = 1/α² + 1/β² = 1/9 + 1/4 ⇒ α⁻² + β⁻² = (4 + 9) ÷ 36 = 13/36 ⇒ Result = (α² + β²) ÷ (α⁻² + β⁻²) = 13 ÷ (13/36) ⇒ Result = 13 × (36 ÷ 13) = 36

∴ The correct answer is 36.

Additional Information

Relation between Zeroes and Coefficients

For a quadratic polynomial ax² + bx + c, the sum of zeroes α + β = −b/a and the product of zeroes αβ = c/a.

Symmetric Functions of Zeroes

Functions like α² + β² that do not change when α and β are swapped are symmetric. Note: α² + β² = (α + β)² − 2αβ.

Nature of Roots

The discriminant D = b² − 4ac determines the root type: D > 0 (real and distinct), D = 0 (real and equal), D < 0 (imaginary).

• Total number of days in a normal year (Non-leap year) = 365
• Total number of odd days = 365/7 = 1 odd day
• Hence, "option 4" is the correct answer.

The correct answer is Lala Lajpat Rai.

Key Points

• Lala Lajpat Rai was popularly known as 'Punjab Kesari'.
• Lala Lajpat Rai (28 January 1865 — 17 November 1928) was an Indian independence activist.
• He played a pivotal role in the Indian Independence movement.
• He was popularly known as Punjab Kesari.
• Kesari is a Marathi newspaper founded on 4 January 1881.
• It was founded by Lokmanya Bal Gangadhar Tilak.

Additional Information

• Abul Kalam Azad, original name Abul Kalam Ghulam Muhiyuddin, also called Maulana Abul Kalam Azad or Maulana Azad, (born November 11, 1888, Mecca [now in Saudi Arabia]—died February 22, 1958, New Delhi, India), Islamic theologian who was one of the leaders of the Indian independence movement against British rule in India.
• Rabindranath Tagore was a poet, philosopher, musician, writer, and educationist. Rabindranath Tagore became the first Asian to become Nobel laureate when he won Nobel Prize for his collection of poems, Gitanjali, in 1913.
• He was popularly called Gurudev and his songs were popularly known as Rabindrasangeet.
• Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, popularly known as the Iron Man of India, passed away on December 15, in the year 1950.
• He was the first Deputy Prime Minister and Home Minister of India.

Shortcut Trick

To convert a mixed recurring decimal to a fraction:

Numerator = (Whole number formed by digits) − (Non-recurring part)

Denominator = (Write 9 for every recurring digit) followed by (0 for every non-recurring digit after decimal)

Value = (345 − 3) ÷ 9900 = 342 ÷ 9900

Simplifying by dividing both by 18 ⇒ 19 ÷ 550

∴ The correct answer is 19/550.

Alternate Method

Given: x = 0.03454545...

Formula Used: Algebraic manipulation of recurring decimals.

⇒ x = 0.03454545... (Equation 1)

Multiply Equation 1 by 100 to move decimal before the bar:

⇒ 100x = 3.454545... (Equation 2)

Multiply Equation 2 by 100 to move decimal after one period of bar:

⇒ 10000x = 345.454545... (Equation 3)

Subtract Equation 2 from Equation 3:

⇒ 10000x − 100x = 345.454545... − 3.454545...

⇒ 9900x = 342

⇒ x = 342 ÷ 9900

⇒ x = 171 ÷ 4950 (Dividing by 2)

⇒ x = 19 ÷ 550 (Dividing by 9)

∴ The correct answer is 19/550.

Additional Information

Pure Recurring Decimal

A decimal in which all digits after the decimal point are repeated. Example: 0.333... = 3/9 = 1/3.

Mixed Recurring Decimal

A decimal in which some digits do not repeat and some digits repeat. Example: 0.1222... = (12−1)/90 = 11/90.

Vulgar Fraction

A fraction where both the numerator and denominator are integers, expressed as a/b.

The logic followed here is:-

• Three lines are used to draw figures A, B, and C.
• Figure D can be drawn using 2 lines.

Hence, "option 2" is the correct answer.

The correct answer is BJP.

Key Points

• BJP came to power in the Tripura elections in 2018.
• The 2018 Tripura Legislative Assembly election was held on 18 February for 59 of the state's 60 constituencies.
• The counting of votes took place on 3 March 2018.
• With 43% of the vote, the BJP secured a majority of seats (36) and subsequently formed the government with Biplab Kumar Deb as Chief Minister.
• Current Chief Minister: Manik Saha
• Current Governor: Satyadev Narayan Arya

Additional Information

• The Bharatiya Janata Party is one of two major political parties in India, along with the Indian National Congress.
• It has been the ruling political party of the Republic of India since 2014.
• The BJP is a right-wing party, and its policy has historically reflected Hindu nationalist positions.
• The Communist Party of India (Marxist) (abbreviated as CPI(M)/CPIM/CPM) is a communist political party in India.
• It is one of the national parties of India.
• The party emerged from a split from the Communist Party of India (CPI) on 7 November 1964.
• The Bahujan Samaj Party is a national-level political party in India that was formed to represent Bahujans, referring to Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes, and Other Backward Classes, along with religious minorities.
• The Communist Party of India is the oldest communist party in India and one of the eight national parties in the country.
• The CPI was founded in Kanpur on 26 December 1925.

The correct answer is Co and Ni.

Key Points

• According to Newlands' octet law, iron, which resembles Co and Ni in properties, is placed far away from these elements.
• The major limitations of Newlands' law of octaves were :
• It was applicable to only lighter elements having atomic masses up to 40 u, i.e., up to calcium.
• ​After calcium, the first and the eighth element did not have similar properties.
• For example, chromium (Cr) and yttrium (Y) are the first and the eighth element placed in the same column but they have entirely different properties.
• It was assumed that only 63 elements existed in nature and no new elements would be discovered in the future.
• But later on, several new elements were discovered whose properties did not fit into the law of octaves.
• Some similar elements have been separated from one another while some dissimilar elements have been placed in the same column.
• For example, iron (Fe) resembles cobalt (Co) and nickel (Ni) but has been placed far away from these elements.
• Similarly, cobalt and nickel do not resemble halogens (F, CI, Br) but have been placed in the same column.
• When noble gases were discovered, the properties of the eighth element were no longer similar to the first one.
• Actually, now it was the first and the ninth element which has similar properties.

The correct answer is H.

Key Points

• H is present in all atoms except neutrons.
• The available hydrogen state H¹.
• It is made of 1 electron, 1 proton, and no neutrons.
• All other elements including isotopes of Hydrogen have neutrons.
• Neutrons are present in the nucleus of all atoms, except hydrogen.
• All elements have atoms with neutrons except for one.
• The normal hydrogen (H) atom does not have any neutrons in its tiny nucleus.
• That tiny little atom (the tiniest of all) has only one electron and one proton.
• Deuterium is a hydrogen atom with an extra neutron and tritium has two extra.

Additional Information

• Avogadro’s number is an absolute number: there are 6.023×1023 elementary entities in 1 mole.
• This can also be written as 6.023×1023 mol-1.
• The mass of one mole of a substance is equal to that substance’s molecular weight.
• For example, the mean molecular weight of water is 18.015 atomic mass units (amu), so one mole of water weighs 18.015 grams.
• Mole:
• The amount of substance of a system that contains as many elementary entities as there are atoms in 12 g of carbon-12.
• The mole allows scientists to calculate the number of elementary entities (usually atoms or molecules ) in a certain mass of a given substance.

The correct answer is Naresh Mitra.

Key Points

• The director of the 1928 film Devdas was Naresh Mitra.
• Devdas is a 1928 silent film based on the Sharat Chandra Chattopadhyay novel, Devdas.
• It was the first film adaptation of the novel.
• It was directed by Naresh Mitra who not only acted in the film but was the cinematographer.
• The film was shot in erstwhile Calcutta in British India.

Additional Information

• Mohammed Yusuf Khan, better known by his stage name Dilip Kumar, was an Indian actor and film producer who worked in Hindi cinema.
• Prithviraj Kapoor was an Indian actor, film producer, writer, and film director, who is also considered to be one of the founding figures of Hindi cinema.
• He was associated with IPTA as one of its founding members and established the Prithvi Theatres in 1944 as a traveling theatre company based in Bombay.
• Vasanth Kumar Shivashankar Padukone, better known as Guru Dutt, was an Indian film director, producer, actor, choreographer, and writer.
• He was included among CNN's "Top 25 Asian Actors" in 2012.

The correct answer is Cl_2.

Key Points

• Cl₂ is added to hydrocarbons in a more rapid reaction in the presence of sunlight.
• In the presence of sunlight, chlorine reacts with saturated hydrocarbons and the process is called halogenation of hydrocarbons.
• In this reaction, the hydrogen atoms in the hydrocarbon are substituted by the chlorine atoms.

Additional Information

• Hydrocarbons are the simplest organic compounds, but they have interesting physiological effects.
• These effects depend on the size of the hydrocarbon molecules and where on or in the body they are applied.
• Alkanes of low molar mass—those with from 1 to approximately 10 or so carbon atoms—are gases or light liquids that act as anaesthetics.

Shortcut Trick

Let the Selling Price (SP) of 1 watch be 1 unit.

Total SP for 12 watches = 12 units.

Profit = SP of 2 watches = 2 units.

Cost Price (CP) = SP − Profit = 12 − 2 = 10 units.

Profit % = (Profit ÷ CP) × 100 = (2 ÷ 10) × 100 = 20%.

∴ The correct answer is 20%.

Alternate Method

Given: Number of watches sold = 12, Profit = SP of 2 watches. Formulas: Profit = Total SP − Total CP | Profit% = (Profit ÷ CP) × 100.

⇒ Let SP of 1 watch be 'S' and CP of 1 watch be 'C'. ⇒ Total Profit = 12S − 12C. ⇒ According to the question: 2S = 12S − 12C. ⇒ 12C = 10S ⇒ S/C = 12/10. ⇒ Profit % = [(12 − 10) ÷ 10] × 100 = (2 ÷ 10) × 100 = 20%.

∴ The correct answer is 20%.

Additional Information

Profit and Loss on Selling Price

When profit is expressed in terms of Selling Price, always convert it to a Cost Price basis to find the actual Profit Percentage.

Key Relationship

If Profit = SP of 'n' articles on selling 'm' articles, then CP = SP of (m − n) articles.

The water image of the question figure is given below:-

Hence, "option 2" is the correct answer.

The correct answer is Human Immunodeficiency Virus.

Key Points

• The full form of HIV is Human Immunodeficiency Virus.
• The human immunodeficiency viruses are two species of Lentivirus that infect humans.
• Over time, they cause acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, a condition in which progressive failure of the immune system allows life-threatening opportunistic infections and cancers to thrive.

Additional Information

• HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) is a virus that attacks the immune system, the body's natural defence system.
• Without a strong immune system, the body has trouble fighting off disease.
• Both the virus and the infection it causes are called HIV. White blood cells are an important part of the immune system.

Shortcut Trick

Use the identity sec²A − tan²A = 1.

Substitute (2x) for secA and (2/x) for tanA: (2x)² − (2/x)² = 1.

⇒ 4x² − 4/x² = 1 ⇒ 4(x² − 1/x²) = 1.

Divide both sides by 2 to get 2(x² − 1/x²) = 1/2.

∴ The correct answer is 1/2.

Alternate Method

Given: 2x = secA and 2/x = tanA

Formula Used: sec²A − tan²A = 1

⇒ (2x)² − (2/x)² = 1

⇒ 4x² − 4/x² = 1

⇒ 4(x² − 1/x²) = 1

⇒ 2 × 2(x² − 1/x²) = 1

⇒ 2(x² − 1/x²) = 1/2

∴ The correct answer is 1/2.

Additional Information

Trigonometric Identities

Standard Pythagorean identities: sin²θ + cos²θ = 1, 1 + tan²θ = sec²θ, and 1 + cot²θ = cosec²θ.

Reciprocal Relations

secθ = 1/cosθ and tanθ = sinθ/cosθ. Use these to convert complex terms into basic sine and cosine forms.

Shortcut Trick

A number is divisible by 12 if it is divisible by both 3 and 4.

Checking divisibility by 4: Last two digits of 53460 are 60 (60 ÷ 4 = 15), so it is divisible by 4.

Checking divisibility by 3: Sum of digits of 53460 = 5 + 3 + 4 + 6 + 0 = 18 (18 ÷ 3 = 6), so it is divisible by 3.

Since 53460 is divisible by both 3 and 4, it is divisible by 12.

∴ The correct answer is 53460.

Alternate Method

Given: Numbers 43460, 33460, 63460, 53460

Divisibility Rule of 12: Number must satisfy divisibility of 3 (Sum of digits) and 4 (Last two digits).

⇒ All options end in 60, so all are divisible by 4.

⇒ Sum of digits for (1) 43460: 4+3+4+6+0 = 17 (Not divisible by 3)

⇒ Sum of digits for (2) 33460: 3+3+4+6+0 = 16 (Not divisible by 3)

⇒ Sum of digits for (3) 63460: 6+3+4+6+0 = 19 (Not divisible by 3)

⇒ Sum of digits for (4) 53460: 5+3+4+6+0 = 18 (Divisible by 3)

∴ The correct answer is 53460.

Additional Information

Divisibility by 3

A number is divisible by 3 if the sum of its digits is a multiple of 3.

Divisibility by 4

A number is divisible by 4 if the last two digits of the number are divisible by 4 or are 00.

Composite Divisibility

For a number to be divisible by a composite number n, it must be divisible by its co-prime factors (e.g., for 12, factors are 3 and 4).

The correct answer is Subhasini Mistry.

Key Points 

• Subhasini Mistry founded 'Humanity Hospital', who worked as a vegetable vendor, domestic helper and laborer throughout his life.
• Subhasini Mistry (born 1943) is an Indian social worker.
• She became a widow at the age of 23 and was left with four children.
• She struggled in life working as a house maid, selling vegetables and worked as a manual labourer.
• She went on to build a charitable hospital called "Humanity Hospital" for the poor.

Additional Information 

• Sreela Majumdar
• Sreela Majumdar (also credited as Srila Mazumdar) is an actress in the Bengali language film industry of India.
• She has done voice dubbing for Aishwarya Rai in the film Chokher Bali (2003).
• In 1980, she debuted in the film Parasuram directed by Mrinal Sen.

Shortcut Trick

Let the total work be 10 units (LCM of 5 and 10).

Efficiency of A = 2 units/day, Efficiency of B = 1 unit/day.

Since A leaves 4 days before completion, B works alone for the last 4 days.

Work done by B in 4 days = 4 × 1 = 4 units. Remaining work = 10 − 4 = 6 units done by both together.

Number of days A worked = 6 ÷ (2 + 1) = 2 days.

∴ The correct answer is 2 days.

Alternate Method

Given:

Time taken by A = 5 days

Time taken by B = 10 days

A leaves 4 days before the completion of the work.

Let the total time taken to complete the work be x days.

Since A leaves 4 days before the end, A works for (x − 4) days, and B works for x days.

⇒ Work done by A + Work done by B = Total Work

⇒ 2 × (x − 4) + 1 × x = 10

⇒ 2x − 8 + x = 10

⇒ 3x = 18

⇒ x = 6 days

Number of days A worked = x − 4 = 6 − 4 = 2 days.

∴ The correct answer is 2 days.

Additional Information

LCM Method for Time and Work

Total work is assumed as the LCM of individual times. Individual efficiency is calculated as Total Work ÷ Individual Time.

Leaving Before Completion Trick

If a person leaves 'n' days before completion, we can alternatively add their potential 'n' days of work to the total work and divide by the combined efficiency: Total Days = (Total Work + Leaver's Efficiency × n) ÷ Combined Efficiency.

The correct answer is Yogi Adityanath.

Key Points

• Yogi Adityanath is the present Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh.
• Yogi Adityanath (born Ajay Mohan Bisht; 5 June 1972) is an Indian Hindu monk and politician serving as the 22nd and current Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh, in office since 19 March 2017.
• The Yogi Adityanath ministry is the council of ministers in the 17th Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly headed by Chief Minister Yogi Adityanath since 19 March 2017.
• As per the Constitution of India, the Uttar Pradesh Council of Ministers, including the Chief Minister, can have a maximum of 60 members.

Additional Information

• Rajnath Singh is an Indian politician serving as the Defence Minister of India.
• He is currently the Deputy Leader of the House Lok Sabha.
• He is the former President of the Bharatiya Janata Party.
• He has previously served as the Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh and as a Cabinet Minister in the Vajpayee Government.
• Mulayam Singh Yadav is an Indian politician and the founder-patron of the Samajwadi Party.
• He served for three non-consecutive terms as the Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh, and also served as the Minister of Defence, Government of India.
• Akhilesh Yadav is an Indian politician and national president of the Samajwadi Party who served as the 20th Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh from 2012 to 2017.
• Having assumed office on 15 March 2012 at the age of 38, he is the youngest person to have held the office.

The mirror image of the question figure is given below:-

Hence, "option 4" is the correct answer.

The logic followed here is:-

Hence, "option 1" is the correct answer.

Shortcut Trick

Use the Effective Principal method where Rate (R) = (Total SI × 100) ÷ ∑(P × T).

Sum of (P × T) = (5000 × 2) + (3000 × 4) = 10,000 + 12,000 = 22,000.

Rate (R) = (2200 × 100) ÷ 22,000 = 10%.

∴ The correct answer is 10%.

Alternate Method

Given:

Principal for Kamal (P₁) = ₹5000, Time (T₁) = 2 years

Principal for Sumal (P₂) = ₹3000, Time (T₂) = 4 years

Total Interest (SI) = ₹2200, Rate of Interest = R%

Formula Used: Simple Interest (SI) = (P × R × T) ÷ 100

Calculations:

⇒ Total SI = SI_Kamal + SI_Sumal

⇒ 2200 = (5000 × R × 2 ÷ 100) + (3000 × R × 4 ÷ 100)

⇒ 2200 = (10000R ÷ 100) + (12000R ÷ 100)

⇒ 2200 = 100R + 120R

⇒ 2200 = 220R

⇒ R = 2200 ÷ 220

⇒ R = 10%

∴ The correct answer is 10%.

Additional Information

Simple Interest (SI)

Interest calculated only on the initial principal amount: SI = (P × R × T) ÷ 100.

Effective Interest Rate

When multiple sums are lent at the same rate, the total interest is the product of the rate and the sum of (Principal × Time) products.

Amount in SI

The total sum returned after time T: Amount (A) = Principal (P) + Simple Interest (SI).

The mirror image of the question figure is:-

Hence, "option 4" is the correct answer.

Shortcut Trick

Total income this year = 3 × 1,20,000 = Rs. 3,60,000.

Monthly income = 3,60,000 ÷ 12 = Rs. 30,000.

Total samosas sold per month = 30,000 ÷ 20 = 1500.

∴ The correct answer is 1500.

Alternate Method

Given:

Income in previous year = Rs. 1,20,000

Income in current year = 3 × Previous income

Price per samosa = Rs. 20

Formula Used:

Monthly sales = (Total Annual Income ÷ 12) ÷ Price per unit

Calculations:

⇒ Total annual income (current year) = 3 × 1,20,000 = Rs. 3,60,000

⇒ Monthly income = 3,60,000 ÷ 12 = Rs. 30,000

⇒ Number of samosas sold per month = 30,000 ÷ 20

⇒ Monthly sales = 1500 samosas

∴ The correct answer is 1500.

Additional Information

Unitary Method

A basic concept where we find the value of a single unit (like price per samosa) and then use it to find the quantity or total cost.

Monthly Average

To find a monthly average from annual data, always divide the total yearly figure by 12, as there are 12 months in a standard year.

Tripled Value Calculation

When a value is tripled, it means the new value is 300% of the original value, representing a 200% increase.

Shortcut Trick

Combined efficiency of Nikhil and Dibu = (1/30 + 1/40) = 7/120 per day.

Work done in 8 days = 8 × (7/120) = 7/15.

Remaining work = 1 − 7/15 = 8/15.

∴ The correct answer is 8/15.

Alternate Method

Given: Time taken by Nikhil = 30 days, Time taken by Dibu = 40 days, Combined working time = 8 days.

Calculations:

⇒ Total efficiency of (Nikhil + Dibu) = 4 + 3 = 7 units/day

⇒ Work completed in 8 days = 8 × 7 = 56 units

⇒ Remaining work = Total work − Work completed

⇒ Remaining work = 120 − 56 = 64 units

⇒ Fraction of work left = 64 / 120

⇒ Simplified fraction = 8/15

∴ The correct answer is 8/15.

Additional Information

Work and Efficiency Relationship

Efficiency is inversely proportional to the time taken to complete a work. If a person finishes work in 'n' days, their 1-day work (efficiency) is 1/n.

Combined Work Formula

If A and B work together, the time taken to complete the work is (A × B) / (A + B) days.

Fractional Work Left

Remaining work = 1 − (Days worked / Total days required to finish work together).

The correct answer is Refraction of light by the atmosphere.

Key Points

• A star appears twinkling in the sky due to the refraction of light by the atmosphere.
• The twinkling of a star is due to the atmospheric refraction of starlight.
• The starlight, on entering the earth's atmosphere, undergoes refraction continuously before it reaches the earth.
• The atmospheric refraction occurs in a medium of gradually changing refractive index.

Additional Information

• When a ray of light falls on any object (polished, smooth, shiny object), light from that object bounces back those rays of light to our eyes and this is known as “Reflection” or “Reflection of Light”.
• This phenomenon is what enables us to look at the world around us based.
• Diffraction refers to various phenomena that occur when a wave encounters an obstacle or opening.
• It is defined as the bending of waves around the corners of an obstacle or through an aperture into the region of geometrical shadow of the obstacle/aperture.
• For example, the closely spaced tracks on a CD or DVD act as a diffraction grating to form the familiar rainbow pattern we see when looking at a disk
• Light can be examined entirely from its source. When light passes from one medium to any other medium say air, a glass of water then a part of the light is absorbed by particles of the medium preceded by its subsequent radiation in a particular direction.
• This phenomenon is termed a scattering of light.

The correct answer is Lactometer.

Key Points

• Lactometer is used to determine the density of milk.
• ​A lactometer is an instrument that is used to check for the purity of milk by measuring its density.
• • An instrument to find out the content of the water in the milk or to test the richness of the milk is thus termed as 'lactometers'.
• A hydrometer is an instrument used for measuring the relative density of liquids based on the concept of buoyancy.
• They are typically calibrated and graduated with one or more scales such as specific gravity.
• A barometer is a scientific instrument used to measure atmospheric pressure, also called barometric pressure.
• The atmosphere is the layers of air wrapped around the Earth.
• That air has a weight and presses against everything it touches as gravity pulls it to Earth.
• Barometers measure this pressure.
• A thermometer is a device that enables you to measure your temperature or temperature gradient.

Additional Information

• | Column 1 | Column 2 | | --- | --- | | 1. Galvanometer | Measure electric currents | | 2. Hygrometer | Measure humidity levels | | 3. Manometer | Pressure of gases | | 4. Tonometer | Measure the internal pressure of the eye |

Shortcut Trick

Given x = 50% of y ⇒ y = 2x.

We need to find y% of 25.

Substitute y = 2x: (2x)% of 25 = 2x/100 × 25 = x/2.

Since x/2 is the same as 50% of x.

∴ The correct answer is 50% of x.

Alternate Method

Given:

⇒ x = 50% of y

⇒ x = (50/100) × y

⇒ x = y/2 or y = 2x

Calculations:

We need to find the value of y% of 25:

⇒ y% of 25 = (y/100) × 25

⇒ y% of 25 = y/4

Now, substitute y = 2x in the above expression:

⇒ y/4 = (2x)/4

⇒ y/4 = x/2

Expressing x/2 in terms of percentage of x:

⇒ (1/2) × x = (50/100) × x = 50% of x

∴ The correct answer is 50% of x.

Additional Information

Commutative Property of Percentage

The property a% of b = b% of a is very useful in calculations. For example, 16% of 50 is the same as 50% of 16, which is 8.

Percentage Change Base

If x is r% more than y, then y is [r/(100+r)] × 100% less than x.

Fraction to Percentage Conversion

To convert a fraction to a percentage, multiply by 100. Key values: 1/2 = 50%, 1/4 = 25%, 1/8 = 12.5%.

Calculation:

According to the question

0.6 of 35 + half of 75

⇒ (6/10 × 35) + 75/2

⇒ 21 + 75/2

⇒ 21 + 37.5

⇒ 58.5

∴ The required value is 58.5

The correct answer is Odometer.

Key Points

• An odometer is used to measure the distance travelled in an automobile.
• An odometer or odograph is an instrument used for measuring the distance travelled by a vehicle, such as a bicycle or a car.
• The device may be electronic, mechanical, or a combination of the two (electromechanical).

Additional Information

• A speedometer or a speed meter is a gauge that measures and displays the instantaneous speed of a vehicle.
• Now universally fitted to motor vehicles, they started to be available as options in the early 20th century, and as standard equipment from about 1910 onwards.
• A tachometer refers to any device that produces a signal proportional to the speed of rotation of a joint.
• There are many different types of tachometers, some based on measuring the frequency of, or the time between, pulses generated by the rotating shaft.
• Pedometers are designed to detect vertical movement at the hip and so measure the number of steps and provide an estimate of the distance walked.
• They cannot provide information on the temporal pattern of physical activity or the time spent in different activities at different intensities.

The correct answer is Speed and Velocity.

Key Points

• Speed and velocity belong to the same SI unit.
• ​Displacement is usually addressed in meters, and the time taken is depicted in seconds.
• Therefore, velocity is expressed in meters/second or m/s.
• The SI unit of velocity is meter per second (m/s).
• The S.I unit of speed is meter/second or meter per second.
• ​Hence speed and velocity belong to the same SI unit.
• SI unit of distance is a meter according to the International System of Units.

Additional Information

• The SI unit of force is the newton, symbol N.
• The base units relevant to force are:
• The meter, unit of length — symbol m.
• The SI unit of power is the watt (W), in honour of Scottish inventor James Watt (1736 - 1819).
• Watt's improvements to the steam engine helped to launch the Industrial Revolution.

Given that:-

18 + 32 - 4 × 8 ÷ 3

• After replacing the symbols with their meanings, we get

18 × 32 ÷ 4 - 8 + 3

= 18 × 8 - 8 + 3

= 144 - 8 + 3 

= 144 + 3 - 8 (the positions of 8 and 3 are interchanged with their symbols)

= 147 - 8

= 139

Hence, "option 3" is the correct answer.

The correct answer is 1.1%.

Key Points

• The central government reduced the interest rates on the small savings scheme by 1.1%.
• The finance ministry has withdrawn its decision to slash interest rates on small savings schemes like the Public Provident Fund and the National Savings Certificate (NSC), terming it an "oversight".
• The rates on such schemes will continue to remain as they were during the January-March quarter, reversing the cut on interest rates of up to 110 basis points or 1.1 percentage points announced a day earlier.

Additional Information 

• The small savings schemes basket comprises 12 instruments including the National Saving Certificate (NSC), Public Provident Fund (PPF), Kisan Vikas Patra (KVP), and Sukanya Samridihi Scheme.
• The government resets the interest rate at the beginning of every quarter.
• Sukanya Samriddhi Account provides a higher rate of interest than other Savings Plans that offer financial security for the girl child.
• Each financial year, the government declares the applicable interest rate for that year, while the interest on your investments is compounded yearly.

The correct answer is Mango.

Key Points

• The Mango type of fruit is Alphonso.
• Throughout the world, Devgad Alphonso Mango is well recognized due to its unique taste, aroma, and superior quality.
• The size of these mangoes is about 4-6 inches and is even in shape.
• Its skin is inedible, and the colour of ripened Alphonso mangoes is golden yellow.

Additional Information

• Types of Bananas
• Cavendish Banana
• Pisang Raja
• Red Banana
• Lady Finger Banana.
• Blue Java Banana.
• Plantain.
• Manzano Banana.
• Burro Banana.
• Types of Apples
• Jonagold Appl
• Cameo Apple.
• Empire Apple.
• McIntosh Apple.
• Golden Delicious Apple.
• Fuji Apple.
• Cortland Apple.
• Red Delicious Apple.
• Types of grapes
• Concord
• Cotton Candy.
• Moon Drops.
• Flame Seedless.
• Dominga.
• Red Globe.
• Crimson.
• Black Muscat

Shortcut Trick

Initial Balance + Deposit − (5 × Cost per shirt) = Final Balance

713.39 + 450.75 − (5 × 123.79)

1164.14 − 618.95 = 545.19

∴ The correct answer is 545.19.

Alternate Method

Given:

Initial amount in bank = ₹713.39

Amount deposited = ₹450.75

Number of shirts = 5

Cost of each shirt = ₹123.79

Calculations:

⇒ Total amount before withdrawal = 713.39 + 450.75

⇒ Total amount = 1164.14

⇒ Total cost of 5 shirts = 5 × 123.79

⇒ Total cost = 618.95

⇒ Current Balance = 1164.14 − 618.95

⇒ Current Balance = 545.19

∴ The correct answer is 545.19.

Additional Information

BODMAS Rule

Always perform Multiplication before Addition or Subtraction in combined numerical expressions to maintain accuracy.

Bank Balance Concept

A Deposit increases the account balance while a Withdrawal or expenditure decreases the account balance.

Decimal Calculations

When subtracting decimals, ensure decimal points are aligned vertically to prevent errors in digit positioning.

The correct answer is Planaria.

Key Points

• Planaria
• It is a flatworm with very simple 'eyes' that are really just eye spots that detect light.
• Flatworms are also called planarians.

Additional Information

• Pork tapeworms in the eye can cause blindness.
• The worm's eggs can also infect the brain, where they grow into cysts. (A person does not need to have an eye infection with the parasite for it to infect the brain; it can infect the brain from elsewhere in the body.)
• The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has identified them as Thelazia gulosa, a parasitic roundworm that typically grows between the outer membrane of the eyeball and the eyelid of a cow's eye.
• These worms are incredibly small, no bigger than the very tip of your finger

Calculation:

⇒ 3/15 = 0.2

⇒ 5/20 = 0.25

⇒ 8/64 = 0.125

⇒ 25/1000 = 0.025

∴ The largest fraction is 5/20

The advertisement lists communication skills and a two-wheeler as a necessary selection criterion.

• That directly implies that the job will require a lot of travel, so assumption I is implicit.
• It has only given communication skills as a necessity, but it has not elaborated on which languages are required. So, assumption II is not implicit.

Hence the correct answer is option 2.

The correct answer is Raj Kumar Hirani.

Key Points

• Raj Kumar Hirani is the director of the recent film 'Sanju'.
• Sanju is a 2018 Indian Hindi-language biographical comedy-drama film directed by Rajkumar Hirani and written by Hirani and Abhijat Joshi.
• It was jointly produced by Hirani and Vidhu Vinod Chopra under the banners Rajkumar Hirani Films and Vinod Chopra Films respectively.

Additional Information

• Karan Kumar Johar, often informally referred to as KJo, is an Indian filmmaker and television personality, who primarily works in Hindi Cinema.
• He has launched the careers of several successful actors under his own Dharma Productions.
• Sanjay Leela Bhansali is an Indian director, producer, screenwriter, and music director who is known for his work in Hindi cinema.
• He is the recipient of several awards, including five National Film Awards, ten Filmfare Awards, and a BAFTA nomination.
• Madhur Bhandarkar is an Indian film director, scriptwriter, and producer.
• He made his directorial debut with Trishakti and went on to direct several critically and commercially successful films.
• The drama film Chandni Bar, won him the National Film Award for Best Film on Social Issues.

The correct answer is Gaganjeet Bhullar.

Key Points

• Gangajeet Bhullar won the Bank BRI-JCB Indonesia Open for the second time in his career.
• Gaganjeet Singh Bhullar, an Indian professional golfer, has won the $300,000 BANK BRI-JCB Indonesia Open for the 2nd time in his career after closing with a four-under-par 68 at Pantai Indah Kapuk in Jakarta.
• With this win, Bhullar has become the 5th player after Thaworn Wiratchant of Thailand, Frank Nobilo of New Zealand, Frankie Minoza of the Philippines, and Lu His-chuen of Chinese Taipei to win the event twice.

Additional Information

• Shiv Kapur is an Indian professional golfer.
• He turned professional in 2004 and made a considerable impact in his second season on the Asian Tour by winning the season-ending Volvo Masters of Asia and finishing the year fourth on the Asian Tour Order of Merit. Kapur works with instructor Peter Murphy out of Dallas, Texas.
• He joined the European Tour in 2007, having earned enough as an affiliate member in 2006 to merit a tour card.
• Jeev Milkha Singh (born 15 December 1971) is an Indian professional golfer who became the first player from India to join the European Tour in 1998.

Given that:-

45 - 5 ÷ 6 + 10 × 2

• After replacing the symbols with their meanings, we get

45 ÷ 5 + 6 × 10 - 2

= 9 + 6 × 10 - 2

= 9 + 60 - 2

= 69 - 2

= 67

Hence, "option 3" is the correct answer.

The logic followed here is:-

• All the elements are moving anticlockwise simultaneously.

• The arrow is moving anticlockwise along the sides of the square in the following order: up → left → bottom → right → up and so on. Also, the arrow is shaded in alternate figures.

• Thus, we need a shaded arrow that is placed towards the right side of the square. This is only possible in figure B.

Hence, "option 4" is the correct answer.

The logic followed here is:-

And,

Similarly,

Hence, "option 3" is the correct answer.

The correct answer is 11.

Key Points

• India's position in the 2018 FDI Confidence Index is 11.
• Global consultant AT Kearney on May 3, 2018, released the Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) Confidence Index 2018.
• The index ranked India at the 11th spot, three places down from the previous year.
• India retained its position as the second highest-ranked emerging market on the Index.

Additional Information

• India had ranked 112th among 153 countries in the Global Gender Gap Index 2020.
• India has slipped 28 places to rank 140th among 156 countries in the World Economic Forum's Global Gender Gap Report 2021, becoming the third-worst performer in South Asia.
• The WEF published its first gender gap index in 2006.
• ​India secured 168 rank in the 12th edition of the biennial Environment Performance Index (EPI Index 2020)
• It measured the environmental performance of 180 countries and was released by Yale University on June 4, 2020.
• India’s rank was 177 (with a score of 30.57 out of 100) in 2018.

The correct answer is Convex Mirror.

Key Points

• A convex mirror is sometimes referred to as a diverging mirror due to the fact that incident light originating from the same point and will reflect off the mirror surface and diverge.
• After reflection, the light rays diverge; subsequently they will never intersect on the object side of the mirror.

Additional Information

• Concave mirror is called as converging mirror because it converges the Ray of light incident parallel to the mirror into a point called focus.
• A plane mirror is a mirror with a flat reflective surface.
• For light rays striking a plane mirror, the angle of reflection equals the angle of incidence.
• The angle of the incidence is the angle between the incident ray and the surface normal.
• The image formed by a plane mirror is always virtual and erect.​
• The image formed by the plane mirror is virtual and erect i.e. image cannot be projected or focused on a screen.
• The distance of the image 'behind' the mirror is the same as the distance of the object in front of the mirror.
• The size of the image formed is the same as the size of the object.

The Venn diagram is given below:-

Conclusion:

1. Some black are pens. → False (it is possible but not definite.)
2. Some pencils are pens. → False (No pen is pencil, so this is not possible.)

Hence, "option 1" is the correct answer.

Additional Information

The principal is suggesting the students to maintain cleanliness in routine work.

• From the statement, argument I can be clearly implied. So it follows.
• 'Cleanliness is next to godliness' is a phrase or idiom that relates cleanliness to spiritual and religious purity. It goes out of context, so it does not follow the statement.

Hence the correct answer is option 2.

Additional Information

• Argument I does not follow:
  

The principal's statement only stresses making cleanliness a daily habit or a routine work (like eating or bathing). The statement does not mention or divide cleanliness into specific categories like "environmental cleanliness." Introducing new terms or areas not mentioned in the statement makes the argument invalid.

• Argument II does not follow:
  

While "Cleanliness is next to godliness" is a universally known proverb, it relates cleanliness to spiritual or moral purity. The principal is speaking strictly about practical daily routines. In logical reasoning, universal sayings that change the context of the statement cannot be considered strong arguments.

Thus, Neither I nor II is implicit 

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 1".

The family tree is given below:-

• Man is the cousin of Kerthana or the son of Kerthana's aunt.
• Among the given options, the most suitable answer will be "brother".

Hence, "option 1" is the correct answer.

The correct answer is North Korea.

Key Points

• Pyongyang is the capital of North Korea.
• Pyongyang is the capital and largest city of North Korea, where it is known as the "Capital of the Revolution".
• Pyongyang is located on the Taedong River about 109 km upstream from its mouth on the Yellow Sea.
• According to the 2008 population census, it has a population of 3,255,288.

Additional Information

• Phnom Penh, Cambodia’s busy capital, sits at the junction of the Mekong and Tonlé Sap rivers.
• It was a hub for both the Khmer Empire and French colonialists.
• Seoul, the capital of South Korea, is a huge metropolis where modern skyscrapers, high-tech subways, and pop culture meet Buddhist temples, palaces and street markets.
• Hanoi, the capital of Vietnam, is known for its centuries-old architecture and a rich culture with Southeast Asian, Chinese and French influences.

The correct answer is 5000 N.

Key Points Given that

Distance travelled by car (d) = 100 m

Force (f) = 50 N

Work done by car (W) = f * d

 = 100 * 50

= 5000 N

So the work done by the car is 5000 N.

The logic followed here is,

• Leopard, Bear, and Deer are different types of animals.
• Bustard is a bird

Hence, "option 3" is the correct answer.

Calculation:

Total number of tires produced in 2017 = 1,80,000

Number of tires produced by company C = 5%

According to the question

⇒ (1,80,000 × 5/100)

⇒ (1,800 × 5)

⇒ 9000

∴ Required units of tires produced by company C is 9000

The correct answer is Javed Akhtar.

Key Points

• Veteran writer-lyricist Javed Akhtar has been honoured with the 2017 Hridaynath Mangeshkar Award at an event in Mumbai which marked the 28th anniversary of Hridayesh Arts and the 80th birthday of veteran music composer Hridaynath Mangeshkar.
• Hridaynath Mangeshkar is an Indian music director.
• He is the only son of musician Deenanath Mangeshkar and the younger brother of Lata Mangeshkar and Asha Bhosle.
• He is popularly known as Balasaheb in the music and film industry.

Additional Information

• Krishnan Nair Shantakumari Chithra credited as K. S. Chithra or Chithra, is an Indian playback singer and Carnatic musician.
• In a career spanning over four decades, she has recorded over 25,000 songs in various Indian languages including Malayalam, Telugu, Tamil, Kannada, Hindi, Odia, Bengali, Punjabi, Gujarati, Tulu, Rajasthani, Urdu, Sanskrit, Badaga, Marathi Language as well as foreign languages such as Malay, Latin, Arabic, Sinhalese, English, and French.
• Sripathi Panditaradhyula Balasubrahmanyam, also known as SPB or Balu, was an Indian playback singer, television presenter, music director, actor, and film producer who worked predominantly in Telugu, Tamil, Kannada, Hindi, and Malayalam films.
• Sampooran Singh Kalra, known professionally as Gulzar or Gulzar Saab, is an Indian lyricist, poet, author, screenwriter, and film director.
• He started his career with music director S.D.

The correct answer is 150 J.

Key Points

• Given that
• Mass of the object (m) = 12 kg
• Velocity of the object (v) = 5 m/s
• Hence,
• $Kinetic Energy (KE) = {{1\over2} * m * (v)^2}$
• $Kinetic Energy (KE) = {{1\over2} * 12 * (5)^2}$
• KE = 150 J
• So the Kinetic Energy possessed by the body is 150 J.

• The pattern that bears the closest resemblance to the question figure is figure D.
• The mirror image of the question figure is figure D.

Hence, "option 4" is the correct answer.

The logic followed here is:-

• A triangle is given in the first figure and three dots are given at its 3 corners
• The next figure is a square and the dots are given at its four corners.
• Similarly, in the third figure,  a square is given and the dots are at the four corners of the square.
• In the fourth figure, we will have a pentagon with dots at its five corners.

Hence, "option 1" is the correct answer.

Given: Solar System, Earth, Jupiter

• Earth and Jupiter both are planets of the Solar System.
• There is no relation between Earth and Jupiter but both come under the Solar System.
• Venn diagram according to the given information:-

Hence, "option 2" is the correct answer.

The correct answer is Oxygen.

Key Points 

• 2, 6 is the electronic configuration of the Oxygen.

• The atomic number of oxygen is 8, so it has a total of 8 electrons.

• The first two electrons occupy the K shell.

• The remaining six electrons will go to the L shell.

• Therefore, the Oxygen electron configuration will be 2,6.

Additional Information 

• The electron configuration of an element describes how electrons are distributed in their atomic orbitals.
• Electron configurations of atoms follow a standard notation in which all electron-containing atomic subshells (with the number of electrons they hold written in superscript) are placed in a sequence.
• The atomic number or proton number (symbol Z) of a chemical element is the number of protons found in the nucleus of every atom of that element.

Shortcut Trick

Pick the largest number 40 and check its multiples.

Multiples of 40: 40, 80, 120, 160, 200, 240, 280, 320, 360, 400, 440, 480, 520, 560, 600.

Check divisibility: 600 is divisible by 20, 40, 25, and 30.

∴ The correct answer is 600.

Alternate Method

Given: Numbers 20, 40, 25, 30

Formula Used: Prime Factorization Method

⇒ Prime factors of 20 = 2 × 2 × 5 = 2² × 5¹

⇒ Prime factors of 40 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 5 = 2³ × 5¹

⇒ Prime factors of 25 = 5 × 5 = 5²

⇒ Prime factors of 30 = 2 × 3 × 5 = 2¹ × 3¹ × 5¹

⇒ LCM = 2³ × 3¹ × 5²

⇒ LCM = 8 × 3 × 25 = 600

∴ The correct answer is 600.

Additional Information

Definition of LCM

The Least Common Multiple (LCM) is the smallest positive integer that is divisible by each of the given numbers.

Relationship between HCF and LCM

For two numbers a and b, the product of the numbers is equal to the product of their HCF and LCM: a × b = HCF(a, b) × LCM(a, b).

LCM of Fractions

LCM of Fractions = (LCM of Numerators) ÷ (HCF of Denominators).

The correct answer is Agricultural work.

Key Points

• Agricultural work awards were given by the Union Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare to Tamil Nadu, Himachal Pradesh and Tripura for record production of food grains during 2015-16.
• The Union Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare has selected Tamil Nadu, Himachal Pradesh, and Tripura for the Krishi Karman awards for their record performance in the production of food grains during 2015-16.
• Apart from these states, Meghalaya would get a commendation prize for total food grain production and would be given a cash award of Rs 1 crore.

Additional Information

• Krishi Karman awards were instituted in 2010-11 by the Union Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare to reward the best performing States in the production of foodgrains and individual crops of Rice, Wheat, Pulses, and Coarse Cereals.
• Totally, eight awards are given, including three for the States with the highest foodgrains production in three identified categories-large, medium and small, and five awards are given for highest production under each of the crops Rice, Wheat, Pulses, Coarse Cereals, and Oilseeds.
• Tamil Nadu had produced 130 lakh tonnes of foodgrains in 2015-16, which is the highest in the last five years. In terms of yield in foodgrains, the state managed to get a yield of 3.38 tonnes per hectare as against the all-India average of 2.028 tonnes per hectare, which is 67% more than the national average.
• ​Tripura has been selected for the Krishi Karman Award 2015-16 for a commendable increase in food grain production in small category states.
• The state produced 825,000 tonnes of food grain in 2016. The state would also receive a cash award of Rs five crore.
• Tripura gets this national award for the second time.
• The state targets to produce 935,000 tonnes of food grain in 2017.

The correct answer is Dissolving sulfuric acid in water.

Key Points

• The hydration reaction of sulfuric acid is highly exothermic.
• If water is added  to concentrated sulfuric acid, it can boil and spit dangerously.
• One should always add the acid to the water rather than the water to the acid.

 Additional Information 

• An exothermic reaction is defined as a reaction that releases heat and has a net negative standard enthalpy change.
• Exothermic reactions are reactions that release energy into the environment in the form of heat.
• Examples include any combustion process, rusting of iron, and freezing of water.
• Endothermic Reaction
• A reaction that the system absorbs energy from its surrounding in the form of heat.
• The energy is absorbed from the surrounding into the reaction
• Melting ice, evaporation, cooking, gas molecules, photosynthesis are a few examples

The triangles are as follows:

The total number of triangles is 17.

Hence, "option 1" is the correct answer.

The correct answer is Fe.

Key Points

• Corrosion is defined as the degradation of metals due to an electrochemical process.
• Corrosion is a natural process that converts a refined metal into a more chemically stable form such as oxide, hydroxide, carbonate, or sulfide.
• It is the gradual destruction of materials (usually a metal) by chemical and/or electrochemical reactions with their environment.
• Examples of corrosion: Rusting of iron(Fe).
• Crevice corrosion in aluminium alloys and stainless steel.

Additional Information

• Gold (Au) corrosion is the deterioration of gold as a result of a chemical reaction between gold and another substance.
• Gold corrosion is very difficult to induce because gold does not react easily with other substances - including oxygen - which makes gold corrosion very rare.
• Platinum is a silver-white metal — it was once known as "white gold."
• It is extremely resistant to tarnishing and corrosion (which makes it known as a "noble metal") and is very soft and malleable.
• Aluminium corrosion is the gradual decay of aluminium molecules into their oxides that degrades their physical and chemical properties.
• By nature, aluminium is a reactive metal but it is also a passive metal.

The statement asks whether the tuition fee for higher education be increased or not.

• Argument agrees with increasing the fees, justifying that if people pay more, they will be more serious and that will help in improving the quality of the students. Thus, it is logically strong.
• Argument II suggests that the fees should not be increased since people may not be able to afford to pay for it and that would result in a decrease in the number of educated people. Thus, it also makes a strong point.

Hence the correct answer is option 1.

Additional Information

1. The agreement which is the reconstruing part of the statement is a strong agreement.
2. The argument should not be imagined.
3. The relationship of the agreement should be direct from the statement.
4. The argument should be simple and clear.
5. The agreement should be based on scientific facts.
6. The statement in the argument should receive a logical answer.

The correct answer is 5.

Key Points

• The number of moles present in 90 g of water is 5.
• Given,
• Mass(m) = 90 gm
• The molecular mass of H2O  $= (1×2)+(1×16)$
• Molecular mass of H₂0 = 18
• No. of moles = given mass in gram/molecular mass
• No of moles $= {90\over{18}}$
• No of moles =   5
• Hence 90 g of H₂0 contains 5 moles.

Shortcut Trick

Given that 108% → 189

To find the Original Number (100%):

Value = (189 ÷ 108) × 100

Value = 1.75 × 100 = 175

∴ The correct answer is 175.

Alternate Method

Given:

Percentage value = 108%

Resulting value = 189

Formula Used:

Number = (Value ÷ Percentage) × 100

Calculations:

⇒ Let the number be x.

⇒ 108% of x = 189

⇒ (108 ÷ 100) × x = 189

⇒ 1.08x = 189

⇒ x = 189 ÷ 1.08

⇒ x = 175

∴ The correct answer is 175.

Additional Information

Percentage Change

Percentage change = [(New Value − Original Value) ÷ Original Value] × 100.

Fraction to Percentage

To convert a fraction to a percentage, multiply the fraction by 100 and add the % symbol.

Base Change Rule

If A is x% more than B, then B is [x ÷ (100 + x)] × 100% less than A.

Shortcut Trick

In a period of 100 years, the number of leap years is either 24 or 25.

If the 100^th year is not a leap year (like 1900), there are 24 leap years.

Number of normal years (P) = Total years − Leap years

P = 100 − 24 = 76

∴ The correct answer is 76.

Alternate Method

Given: Total years = 100, Normal years = P.

⇒ A year is a leap year if it is divisible by 4, but century years must be divisible by 400.

⇒ In any 100-year block (e.g., 1 to 100), the multiples of 4 are: 4, 8, ..., 96, 100.

⇒ Total multiples of 4 = 100 ÷ 4 = 25.

⇒ If the year 100 is not divisible by 400, it is a normal year.

⇒ Number of leap years = 25 − 1 = 24.

⇒ Number of normal years (P) = 100 − 24 = 76.

∴ The correct answer is 76.

Additional Information

Leap Year Calculation

A normal year has 365 days, while a leap year has 366 days (February has 29 days).

Century Year Rule

A century year (ending in 00) is a leap year only if it is perfectly divisible by 400 (e.g., 1600, 2000).

Odd Days

A normal year has 1 odd day (365 ÷ 7 leaves remainder 1) and a leap year has 2 odd days.

Shortcut Trick

The Area of a Quadrilateral when a diagonal and perpendiculars (offsets) from opposite vertices are given is:

Area = 1/2 × Diagonal × (Sum of Perpendiculars)

⇒ Area = 1/2 × 12 × (9 + 15)

⇒ Area = 6 × 24 = 144

∴ The correct answer is 144.

Alternate Method

Given:

Length of the diagonal (AC) = 12 units

Length of perpendicular 1 (h₁) = 9 units

Length of perpendicular 2 (h₂) = 15 units

Formula Used:

Area of Quadrilateral = Area of ▵ABC + Area of ▵ADC

Area = (1/2 × AC × h₁) + (1/2 × AC × h₂) = 1/2 × AC × (h₁ + h₂)

Calculations:

⇒ Area of ▵ABC = 1/2 × 12 × 9 = 54 sq. units

⇒ Area of ▵ADC = 1/2 × 12 × 15 = 90 sq. units

⇒ Total Area = 54 + 90

⇒ Total Area = 144 sq. units

∴ The correct answer is 144.

Additional Information

Area of a Triangle

The basic formula for the area of any triangle is 1/2 × base × height, where the height is the perpendicular distance from the base to the opposite vertex.

Heron's Formula

For a triangle with sides a, b, and c, the area is √(s(s−a)(s−b)(s−c)), where s is the semi-perimeter (a+b+c)/2.

Area of Special Quadrilaterals

For a Rhombus, Area = 1/2 × d₁ × d₂. For a Trapezium, Area = 1/2 × (sum of parallel sides) × height.

The family tree is given below:-

Suma's brother Surya is the grandson of  Sunayna.

Hence, "option 3" is the correct answer.

The correct answer is Mass of the falling object m.

Key Points

• The value of g doesn't depend on the mass of the falling body or object because it is not constant.
• It has both magnitudes as well as direction.
• Acceleration due to gravity is a constant quantity.

Additional Information

• The value of g is independent of the mass of the object and only dependent upon location - the planet the object is on and the distance from the center of that planet.
• $g = {GM\over{R^2}}$, where G is the universal gravitational constant, M is the mass of the planet, and R is the distance of the point under consideration from the center of the planet.
• Since G is a constant g depends on the mass of the planet and the location.

The correct answer is It consists of three parts, two lateral cerebellar hemispheres and a central vermix.

Key Points

• The brain has three main parts: the cerebrum, cerebellum, and brainstem.
• The cerebrum is the largest part of the brain and is composed of the right and left hemispheres.
• The cerebellum is located under the cerebrum.
• The brainstem acts as a relay centre connecting the cerebrum and cerebellum to the spinal cord.

Additional Information

• The brain works as a single organ but is divided into areas of special expertise and function.
• The forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain make up the three major parts of the brain.
• The hindbrain also referred to as the brainstem, is made of the medulla, pons, cranial nerves, and back part of the brain called the cerebellum.
• The cerebrum (front of brain) comprises gray matter (the cerebral cortex) and white matter at its centre.

The largest part of the brain, the cerebrum initiates and coordinates movement and regulates temperature.

The correct answer is UMANG.

Key Points

• India’s Umang App has won the Best M-Government Service award in the Accessible Government category while Aadhaar won the best emerging technology award at the recently concluded 6th edition of the World Government Summit 2018 in Dubai, where India had the status of ‘Guest of Honour’ country.
• The summit acknowledged technology pioneers for providing global solutions to global challenges.
• The mobile application “Umang App” provides users with a unified platform that combines government departments and services, facilitating transactions for citizens.
• The award acknowledged the Government of India’s efforts to provide convenient services to its citizens.

Additional Information

• Gujarat Gas Limited is an Indian natural gas distribution company, owned by Gujarat State Petroleum Corporation. Established in 1980, and headquartered in Ahmedabad, the company operates primarily in Gujarat.
• It is India's largest city gas distribution company.
• Iixigo is an Indian AI-based online travel portal, launched in 2007.
• Headquartered in Gurgaon, ixigo aggregates and compares real-time travel information, prices, and availability for flights, trains, buses, and hotels, and allows ticket booking through its associate websites and apps.
• Paytm is an Indian multinational technology company that specializes in digital payment systems, e-commerce and financial services, based in Noida.

The correct answer is Science and Technology.

Key Points

• ISRO chairman A.S. Kiran Kumar was conferred with the 'SIES-Shri Chandrashekharendra Saraswati National Award for Prominence' in Science and Technology.
• ​As Kiran Kumar, the former chairperson of the Indian Space Research Organisation was conferred France’s highest civilian award – Chevalier of Order of the Legion of Honour – for his contribution to India-France space cooperation.
• The Indian Space Research Organisation is the national space agency of India, headquartered in Bengaluru.
• It operates under the Department of Space which is directly overseen by the Prime Minister of India, while the Chairman of ISRO acts as the executive of DOS as well.

Additional Information

• Vikram Sarabhai was the first chairman of ISRO.
• ISRO was formed by Vikram Sarabhai in the year 1969.
• Vikram Ambalal Sarabhai was an Indian physicist and astronomer who initiated space research and helped develop nuclear power in India.
• He was honoured with Padma Bhushan in 1966 and the Padma Vibhushan in 1972.
• He is internationally regarded as the Father of the Indian Space Program.
• India decided to go to space when Indian National Committee for Space Research (INCOSPAR) was set up by the Government of India in 1962.
• ​ISRO created history by launching 104 satellites in a single flight in Feb 2017.
• Indian Space Research Organisation's workhorse rocket PSLV launched 104 satellites in a single mission from the space centre at Sriharikota, Andhra Pradesh.

The logic followed here is:-

• Figure A - J and its water image

• Figure B - F and its mirror image-

• Figure C - M and its water image

• Figure D - A and its water image

• Thus, figure B is different from others.

Hence, "option 4" is the correct answer.

Given:

Number of melons accounted of the total fruit = 1/5

Number of banana of the remaining weight = 3/4

Calculation:

LCM of 5 and 4 is 20

Efficiency of melons = (1/5 × 20) = 4

Remaining fruits = (20 – 4) = 16

Efficiency of banana on remaining fruits = (3/4 × 16) = 12

Remaining fruits of pineapple = (16 – 12) = 4 

Total weight of the fruit was that of pineapple = (4/20)

⇒ 1/5

∴ Required part is 1/5

Shortcut Trick

Given ∠A = 60°, directly substitute trigonometric values.

sin 60° = √3/2, cos 60° = 1/2, tan 60° = √3

Expression = (sin 60°)² − (cos 60°)² + (tan 60°)²

⇒ (3/4) − (1/4) + 3 = 2/4 + 3 = 1/2 + 3 = 7/2

∴ The correct answer is 7/2.

Alternate Method

Given: ∠B = 90° and ∠A = 60° in a triangle.

Formula Used: sin²θ − cos²θ + tan²θ

⇒ Substitute ∠A = 60° in the given expression:

⇒ sin² 60° − cos² 60° + tan² 60°

⇒ (√3/2)² − (1/2)² + (√3)²

⇒ 3/4 − 1/4 + 3

⇒ (3 − 1)/4 + 3

⇒ 2/4 + 3

⇒ 0.5 + 3 = 3.5

⇒ 7/2

∴ The correct answer is 7/2.

Additional Information

Trigonometric Identities

Fundamental identities include sin²θ + cos²θ = 1 and 1 + tan²θ = sec²θ.

Values of 60°

sin 60° = √3/2; cos 60° = 1/2; tan 60° = √3; sec 60° = 2.

Angle Sum Property

The sum of all internal angles in a triangle is always 180°. Here, ∠C = 180° − (90° + 60°) = 30°.

The correct answer is Both A and B are true.

Key Points

• Solid is the state in which matter maintains a fixed volume and shape.
• The liquid is the state in which matter adapts to the shape of its container but varies only slightly in volume, and gas is the state in which matter expands to occupy the volume and shape of its container.
• So A is true.
• Filling a vessel of water:
• It is a property of matter, which decreases in volume under high pressure (compressibility), and Gas shows this property.
• So B is true.​​​

Additional Information 

• Matter can be classified as solid, liquid, and gas on the basis of interparticle forces and the arrangement of particles.
• These three forms of matter are interconvertible by increasing or decreasing pressure and temperature. 
• For example, ice can be converted from a solid to a liquid by increasing the temperature.

The correct answer is Soliciting votes on the basis of caste, community, religion or language.

Key Points

• The High Court of India delivered an important judgment in January 2017, according to which political parties and politicians cannot do soliciting votes on the basis of caste, community, religion, or language.
• The Supreme Court reaffirmed the secular character of the Indian state, ruling that election candidates cannot seek votes on the grounds of the religion, caste, creed, community, or language of voters.

Additional Information

• “The Constitution forbids the state from mixing religion with politics," ruled a seven-judge constitution bench headed by Chief Justice T.S. Thakur after a split verdict.
• “The state being secular in character will not identify itself with any one of the religions or religious denominations.
• This necessarily implies that religion will not play any role in the governance of the country which must at all times be secular in nature.
• The election is a secular exercise just as the functions of the elected representatives must be secular in both outlook and practice,

The correct answer is 6.

Key Points

• By 1998, Cavalier-Smith had reduced the total number of kingdoms from eight to six: Animalia, Protozoa, Fungi, Plantae (including red and green algae), Chromista, and Bacteria.
• Eukaryotes are divided into two major groups: Unikont and Bikont.
• In 1998 British zoologist Thomas Cavalier-Smith presented yet another classification scheme, the six-kingdom system, which contained kingdom Bacteria with two subdivisions, Eubacteria and Archaebacteria.

Additional Information

• The phylogenetic system of classification is based on evolutionary and genetic relationships of the plants which enable us to find out ancestral and derived characters of any taxon.
• The system of classification was put forward by Engler and Prantl.
• The ancestor and the related organisms were studied for the classification of the organism.

Shortcut Trick

Combined efficiency of A + B + C = 1/2.4 = 10/24 = 5/12 units/hr.

Combined efficiency of A + C = 1/8 + 1/24 = (3 + 1)/24 = 4/24 = 1/6 units/hr.

Efficiency of B = (A + B + C) − (A + C) = 5/12 − 1/6 = (5 − 2)/12 = 3/12 = 1/4 units/hr.

Time taken by B (P) = 1 ÷ (1/4) = 4 hours.

∴ The correct answer is 4 hr.

Alternate Method

Given: Time taken by A = 8 hr, C = 24 hr, and (A+B+C) = 2.4 hr.

Formula Used: Total Work = Efficiency × Time

⇒ Efficiency of (A + B + C) = 10

⇒ Efficiency of A + Efficiency of B + Efficiency of C = 10

⇒ 3 + Efficiency of B + 1 = 10

⇒ Efficiency of B = 10 − 4 = 6

⇒ P (Time for Pipe B) = Total Work ÷ Efficiency of B

⇒ P = 24 ÷ 6 = 4 hours.

∴ The correct answer is 4 hr.

Additional Information

Pipes and Cisterns Logic

If an inlet pipe fills a tank in x hours and an outlet pipe empties it in y hours, the net work done in 1 hour is (1/x − 1/y).

Total Work Assumption

Total work is always assumed to be the LCM of the individual times taken by the pipes to make calculations easier.

Given:

x is rounded off to 5 decimal places in 0.70000

Concept used:

Decimal numbers - A number whose whole number part and fractional part are separated by a decimal point.

Calculation:

x is rounded off to 5 decimal places in 0.70000

Hence if digit is 6th decimal place was 5 or more 

Then, digit at decimal place was increase by 1

Hence interval start from 0.699995 and goes upto 0.700005

Hence upto 0.700005 where 0.700005 is not included

Hence interval = 0.699995 ≤ x < 0.700005

∴ The required value of x is 0.699995 ≤ x < 0.700005

The correct answer is Kinetic energy.

Key Points