NBE Jr. Assistant 2015 Official Paper (Previous Year Paper)

The correct image if the picture is held in front of a mirror is,

Hence, option 4 is the correct answer.

Option 1 → CRATE can be formed from the given word.

Option 2 → CHARTER can be formed from the given word.

Option 3 → HEARTY cannot be formed from the given word, since there is no Y in the word.

Option 4 → TRACER can be formed from the given word.

Hence, “HEARTY” cannot be formed using letters of the given word.

Option 1 → STATION can be formed from the given word.

Option 2 → MINISTER cannot be formed from the given word, since there is no E in the word.

Option 3 → RATION can be formed from the given word.

Option 4 → MIND can be formed from the given word.

Hence, “minister” cannot be formed using letters of the given word.

The pattern followed is,

Similarly,

Hence, “AEIMQU” is the correct answer.

A place where bees are kept is called a hive.

Similarly,

Eyrie is the nest of an eagle.

Hence, “eagle” is the correct answer.

The pattern followed is,

Similarly,

Hence, “DRAW” is the correct answer.

The pattern followed is,

Similarly,

Hence, “RQPO” is the correct answer.

The pattern followed is,

For 9: 24,

9 × 3 – 3 = 24

Similarly,

3 × 3 – 3 = 6

Hence, “3” is the correct answer.

According to the given information,

Conclusion I: This does not follow, because it is only mentioned that Cactus is a fleshy plant; so it is not necessary that all fleshy plants are Cactus.

Conclusion II: Here the use of the word “but” implies “and”. Therefore, conclusion II follows.

Hence, “only conclusion II” follows.

The least possible Venn diagram is,

Conclusion I: Some theatres are schools → True (This is definitely true)

Conclusion II: No school is a theatre → False (This is definitely false)

Hence, “only conclusion I” follows.

The answer figure if a mirror is placed on the line MN is,

Hence, option 2 is the correct answer.

The number of faces is,

There are four sides to this figure 4 × 3 = 12 faces and front and back there are two faces = 12 + 2 = 14

Hence, “14“ is the correct answer.

The pattern followed is,

Option 1 → 5 and 7 are prime numbers

Option 2 → 29 and 31 are prime numbers

Option 3 → 47 is a prime number, while 49 is not

Option 4 → 11 and 13 are prime numbers

All follow the same pattern, except ‘(47, 49)’.

Hence, “(47, 49)” is the odd number pair.

The pattern followed is,

All follow the same pattern, except ‘mmm qqq ttt’.

Hence, “mmm qqq ttt” is the odd letter pair.

The pattern followed is,

All follow the same pattern, except ‘HIUL’.

Hence, “HIUL” is the odd letter pair.

The pattern followed is,

Option 1 → 9100 → 9 + 1 + 0 + 0 = 10

Option 2 → 8110 → 8 + 1 + 1 + 0 = 10

Option 3 → 1234 → 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 = 10

Option 4 → 1189 → 1 + 1 + 8 + 9 = 19 

All numbers when added give ‘10’ except 1189.

Hence, “1189” is the odd number.

Marigold, Tulip and Rose are flowers which grow on land.

Whereas,

Lotus is a flower which grows in water.

Hence, “lotus” is the odd one.

Steel, brass and bronze are alloys.

Whereas,

Tin is a metal.

Hence, “tin” is the odd one.

The manner in which the paper is folded and punched is,

Hence, option 3 is the correct answer.

The pattern followed is,

(3 + 4) + 3 = 10

(4 + 6) + 4 = 14

(6 + 8) + 6 = 20

Similarly,

(8 + 3) + 8 = 19

Hence, “19” is the correct answer.

The pattern followed is,

Column wise:

(First number × Second number) – third number = Fourth number

First Column:

(9 × 8) – 7 = 65

Second Column:

(6 × 5) – 4 = 26

Third Column:

(7 × 6) – 3 = 39

Hence, “7” is the correct answer.

The pattern followed is,

For first figure,

(6 × 7) + 8 + 4 = 54

For second figure,

 (8 × 4) + 12 + 7 = 51

For third figure,

(9 × 5) + 14 + 9 = 68

Hence, “68” is the correct answer.

The pattern followed is,

For 9 × 8 × 7 = 24,

9 + 8 + 7 = 24

And,

For 4 × 7 × 3 = 14,

4 + 7 + 3 = 14

Similarly,

For 2 × 1 × 9 = ?

2 + 1 + 9 = 12

Hence, “12” is the correct answer.

The given figure is embedded in,

Hence, option 2 is the correct answer.

Feather comes first in the order.

It is followed by Feature.

Feature is followed by Feed head.

Feed head is followed by Feminine.

Feminine is followed by Fenestration.

The correct dictionary order is,

Feather (2) → Feature (4) → Feed head (3) → Feminine (5) → Fenestration (1)

Hence, option 1 is the correct answer.

The pattern followed is,

The letter combination “LUBTUP” is repeated continuously.

Hence, “BPUL” is the correct answer.

The pattern followed is,

The letter combination “BBCCA” is repeated continuously.

Hence, “BCCB” is the correct answer.

Sociology and Psychology are studies in Humanities.

The correct Venn diagram is,

Hence, option A is the correct answer.

The figure which will complete the pattern in the question figure is,

Hence, option 1 is the correct answer.

The figure which will complete the pattern in the question figure is,

Hence, option 4 is the correct answer.

Drawing the diagram according to the given information,

Distance = √(15)² – (12)² = √225 – 144 = √81 = 9

She is 9 m from her home.

Hence, “9 m” is the correct answer.

Assume the speed of A and B in the first lap = 3x and 2x

The speed of A and B in the second lap = 4x and 7x

The speed of A and B in the third lap = 8x and 9x

The total speed of A horse is = 3x + 4x + 8x = 15x

The total speed of B horse is = 2x + 7x + 9x = 18x

Ratio = 15x: 18x

The difference between ratio of speeds = 18x - 15x = 3

Hence, “3” is the correct answer.

Drawing the diagram according to the given information,

Sun rises in the east. Reshma is keeping her back towards the sun.

She is going south or west.

Hence, “south or west” is the correct answer.

Verifying the given options,

Option 1 → 11, 67, 32, 97 → LUNE

Option 2 → 11, 66, 33, 96 → LASO

Option 3 → 11, 66, 33, 97 → LASE

Option 4 → 31, 87, 32, 97 → LANE

Hence, option 4 is the correct answer.

Verifying the given options,

Option 1 → 24, 69, 56, 78 → ALLR

Option 2 → 00, 66, 78, 88 → ASRT

Option 3 → 12, 76, 99, 78 → AIRR

Option 4 → 43, 55, 86, 95 → AIRS

Hence, option 4 is the correct answer.

By decoding given information:

The original equation is,

24 ÷ 6 × 4 + 9 – 8 = ?

Using BODMAS rule,

4 × 4 + 9 – 8 = ?

16 + 9 – 8 = ?

25 – 8 = 17

Hence, “17” is the correct answer.

The pattern followed is,

Hence, “12, 23” is the correct answer.

he pattern followed is,

The numerator is the same, while the denominator decreases by 1.

Hence, “50/ 2” is the correct answer.

Rain comes first.

It is followed by Rivulet.

Rivulet is followed by Tributary.

Tributary is followed by River.

River is followed by Sea.

Sea is followed by Ocean.

The correct meaningful order is,

Rain (6) → Rivulet (1) → Tributary (3) → River (4) → Sea (5) → Ocean (2)

Hence, option 3 is the correct answer.

The lower part of D is different from the question figure and thus D is eliminated.

From the given figures,

Figure A, B and C all look the same but in figures B and C, the middle part is almost above the lower part unlike the question figure.

Figure A is similar to the given question figure in all the aspects.

Hence, option 1 is the correct answer.

The number of triangles in the given figure is,

Hence, “8” is the correct answer.

Some students may be scholars and vice-versa.

Some teachers may be scholars and vice-versa.

Some students may be teachers and vice-versa.

Some students who are scholars may be teachers.

The correct Venn diagram representation is,

Hence, option 4 is the correct answer.

Editor, Newspaper and Journalist are different classes with respect to each other, though they may work for the same cause sometimes.

The correct Venn diagram is,

Hence, option 4 is the correct answer.

The pattern followed is,

Similarly,

Hence, “HQFZUMFRT” is the correct answer.

According to the given information,

He climbs 16 m on one day but slipped back by 3 m 40 cms in the evening.

So,

16 – 3.40 = 12.60

He climbed ’12.6 m’ on that day.

Hence, “12.6” is the correct answer.

The paper when opened will look like,

Hence, option 3 is the correct answer.

According to the given information,

And,

And,

Similarly,

Hence, “TOLACC” is the correct answer.

The pattern followed is,

The first two digits exchange their places in the given numbers.

So,

7 × 6 × 4 is written as 674

And,

8 × 5 × 3 is written as 583

Similarly,

9 × 1 × 2 is written as 192

Hence, “192” is the correct answer.

Option 1 → 29, 17 and 37 are prime numbers

Option 2 → 23 and 61 are prime numbers, while 33 is not a prime number

Option 3 → 29 and 47 are prime numbers, while 27 is not a prime number

Option 4 → 11 is a prime number, while 16 and 27 are not prime numbers

Hence, “(29, 17, 41)” is the odd number pair.

Let the basic salaries of A and B be x and y respectively.

Now, salary of A = salary of B

x + 65 % of x = y + 80 % of y

x + 65/ 100 × x = y + 80/ 100 × y

x + 65x/ 100 = y + 80y/ 100

x/ y = 180/ 165

x: y = 12: 11

The ratio of their basic pay is 12: 11

Hence, “12: 11” is the correct answer.

The correct answer is Aurangzeb.

Key Points

• Aurangzeb was born as Abul Muzaffar Muhi-ud-Din Muhammad Aurangzeb and is commonly known as Aurangzeb Alamgir.
• Aurangzeb disliked music and banned any form of music or dance in his kingdom in 1668.
• It is well known that during his reign, he banned singing, dancing, and playing musical instruments in his empire as it was against the Islamic teaching to which Aurangzeb followed very dearly.

Additional Information

• Unlike other rulers, he only had one wife.
• He was a devoted worshipper and thus known as Zinda Pir (living saint).
• Officials were empowered to break musical instruments if anywhere they heard the sound of music.
• Musicians and dancers who gave up their profession were given allowances by the Emperor.

Mughals:

• The Mughals were descendants of two great lineages of rulers.
• From their mother’s side, they were descendants of Genghis Khan (died 1227), the Mongol ruler who ruled over parts of China and Central Asia.
• From their father’s side, they were the successors of Timur (died 1404), the ruler of Iran, Iraq and modern-day Turkey.
• However, the Mughals did not like to be called Mughal or Mongol. This was because Genghis Khan’s memory was associated with the massacre of innumerable people.
• It was also linked with the Uzbeks, their Mongol competitors.
• On the other hand, the Mughals were proud of their Timurid ancestry, not least of all because their great ancestor had captured Delhi in 1398.

The correct answer is option 1 i.e Vice President.

• President
• The President is elected by members of an electoral college consisting of elected members of both Houses of Parliament and Legislative.
• Assemblies of the states in accordance with the system of proportional representation, by means of single transferable vote.
• To secure uniformity among state inter se, as well as parity between the states as a whole, and the Union, suitable weightage is given to each vote.
• The President must be a citizen of India, not less than 35 years of age, and qualified for election as a member of the Lok Sabha.
• His term of office is five years, and he is eligible for re-election. His removal from office is to be in accordance with the procedure prescribed in Article 61 of the Constitution.
• He may, by writing under his hand addressed to the Vice-President, resign his office.

The correct answer is option 2 i.e Accelerated Irrigation Benefit Programme.

• Development Role Manual – Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchayee Yojana (PMKSY)
• Accelerated Irrigation Benefit Programme (AIBP) & Har Khet Ko  Pani/ Command Area Development & Water Management (CADWM)
• [Department of Water Resources / Irrigation]-Expeditious implementation of ongoing major and medium irrigation projects under AIBP and assured irrigation under CADWM are majorly handled at the State Level.
• Though the interventions at the district level for both these components are nominal, Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement (LARR) for new projects would be majorly handled by DLIC at the district level.
• The objective of the AIBP component of PMKSY is to expedite the implementation of ongoing major and medium irrigation projects, including national projects.

The correct answer is option 1 i.e increases in demand accompanied by a decrease in supply.

• Demand Increases but supply decreases
• Here the demand and supply curve moves in the opposite directions.
• However, the demand curve shift towards the right(indicating an increase in demand), and the supply curve shift towards left(indicating a decrease in supply).
• Further, this is studied with the help of the following three cases:
• Increase in demand = decrease in supply
• When the increase in demand is equal to the decrease in supply, the shifts in both supply and demand curves are proportionately equal. Effectively, the equilibrium quantity remains the same however the equilibrium price rises.
• Increase in demand > decrease in supply
• In this case, the right shift of the demand curve is proportionately more than the leftward shift of the supply curve. Hence, both equilibrium quantity and price rise.
• Increase in demand < decrease in supply
• If the increase in demand is less than the decrease in supply, the shift of the demand curve tends to be less than that of the supply curve. Effectively, equilibrium quantity falls whereas the equilibrium price rises.

The correct answer is  two lives.

• Class – Amphibia
• As the name indicates (Gr., Amphi: dual, bios, life), amphibians can live in aquatic as well as terrestrial habitats.
• Most of them have two pairs of limbs.
• The body is divisible into head and trunk.
• Tail may be present in some.
• The amphibian skin is moist (without scales).
• The eyes have eyelids.
• A tympanum represents the ear.
• Alimentary canal, urinary and reproductive tracts open into a common chamber called cloaca which opens to the exterior.
• Respiration is by gills, lungs, and through the skin.
• The heart is three-chambered (two auricles and one ventricle).
• These are cold-blooded animals.
• Sexes are separate.
• Fertilization is external.
• They are oviparous and development is indirect.
• Examples: Bufo (Toad), Rana (Frog), Hyla (Tree frog), Salamandra (Salamander), Ichthyophis (Limbless amphibia).

The correct answer is option 1 i.e Rajya Sabha.

• Powers of Rajya Sabha
• Considers and approves non-money bills and suggests amendments to money bills.
• Approves constitutional amendments.
• Exercises control over executive by asking questions, introducing motions and resolutions.
• Participates in the election and removal of the President, Vice President, Judges of Supreme Court and High Court.
• It can alone initiate the procedure for the removal of Vice President.
• Can give the Union parliament power to make laws on matters included in the State list.
• Special Powers of Rajya Sabha
• As you know, the Rajya Sabha is an institutional mechanism to provide representation to the States.
• Its purpose is to protect the powers of the States. Therefore, any matter that affects the States must be referred to it for its consent and approval.
• Thus, if the Union Parliament wishes to remove a matter from the State list (over which only the State Legislature can make law) to either the Union List or Concurrent List in the interest of the nation, the approval of the Rajya Sabha is necessary.
• This provision adds to the strength of the Rajya Sabha.
• However, experience shows that the members of the Rajya Sabha represent their parties more than they represent their States.

The correct answer is Chile.

• Major countries in world copper production
• Chile, the world's leading copper producer by far, produced an estimated 5.6 million metric tons of copper in 2019.
• In second place is Peru, with an estimated copper mine production of 2.4 million metric tons in the same year.
• The world's third-largest copper producer from mines is China.
• In 2019, China produced an estimated 1.6 million metric tons of copper from mines, which is over three times less than Chile's production.
• The largest copper mines in the world are located primarily in the largest copper producing nations in the world.
• As Chile is the world's largest producer of copper, it is not surprising that three of the world's ten largest copper mines based on capacity are located there.
• At the top of the list is the Escondida mine, located in the Atacama Desert in Chile's Antofagasta Region.
• It had a capacity of some 1.37 million metric tons of copper in 2018, which is nearly twice the capacity of the world's second-largest copper mine, located in Indonesia.

The correct answer is option 1 i.e The wavelength of electrons is smaller as compared to the wavelength of visible light.

• The electron microscope which is a type of microscope that uses electrons to create an image of the target.
• It has much higher magnification or resolving power than a normal light microscope, up to two million times, allowing it to see smaller objects and details.
• Let's first review how a regular optical microscope works.
• A beam of light is shone through a thin target and the image is then magnified and focused using objective and ocular lenses.
• The amount of light which passes through the target depends on the densities of the target since the less dense regions allow more light to pass through than the denser regions.
• This means that the beam of light which is partially transmitted through the target carries information about the inner structure of the target.
• While the optical microscope uses light and focuses using lenses, the electron microscope uses electrons and focuses using electromagnets.
• Electron microscopes are very useful as they are able to magnify objects to a much higher resolution.
• This is because their de Broglie wavelengths are so much smaller than that of visible light.
• You hopefully remember that light is diffracted by objects which are separated by a distance of about the same size as the wavelength of the light.
• This diffraction then prevents you from being able to focus the transmitted light into an image.
• So the sizes at which diffraction occurs for a beam of electrons is much smaller than those for visible light.
• This is why you can magnify targets to a much higher order of magnification using electrons rather than visible light.

The correct answer is option 2 i.e Mangrove forests. 

Mangrove forests or Mangas

• They grow at tropical and subtropical latitudes near the equator where the sea surface temperatures never fall below 16° C.
• Mangroves lie in about two-thirds of the coastlines in tropical areas of the world.

Importance of Mangroves

• Buffer Zone between the land and sea.
• Stabilize the coastline, reducing erosion from storm surges, currents, waves, and tides.
• Play and invaluable role as nature’s shield against cyclones, ecological disasters, and as protector of shorelines.
• Breeding and nursery grounds for a variety of marine animals.
• Harbor a variety of life forms like invertebrates. Fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and even mammals like tigers.
• Good source of income generation for shoreline communities like fisherfolk.
• Save the marine diversity, which is fast diminishing.
• Purify the water by absorbing impurities and harmful heavy metals and help us to breathe clean air by absorbing pollutants in the air.
• Potential source for recreation and tourism.
• The intricate root system of mangroves also makes these forests attractive to fish and other organisms seeking food and shelter from predators.

The correct answer is option 2 i.e water to glass.

Key Points

• Total Internal Reflection (TIR)only takes place when both of the following two conditions are met:

1. The light is in the more dense medium and approaching the less dense medium.
2. The angle of incidence is greater than the so-called critical angle.

• water is a rarer medium and glass is a denser medium
• The refractive index of water is 1.33 and for glass is 1.5, therefore TIR will not happen in the second option.
• What is the Formula of Total Internal Reflection?
• Total internal reflection n₁/n₂=sin r/sin i
• Critical angle[ θ ] ,sinθ =n₂/n₁
• r is the angle of refraction
• i is the angle of incidence
• n₁ is the refractive index in medium 1
• n₂ is the refractive index in medium 2
• θ is the critical angle

The correct answer is option 2 i.e The balancing of the forces of demand and supply for the commodity.

• Market equilibrium is a market state where the supply in the market is equal to the demand in the market.
• The equilibrium price is the price of a good or service when the supply of it is equal to the demand for it in the market.
• Thus the market equilibrium for a commodity is determined by balancing the forces of demand and supply for the commodity.

The correct answer is option i.e Potash alum. 

• Potash alum is a combination of double sulphate of potash and aluminium salts.
• Its chemical formula is KAl(SO4)2 or, AlK(SO4)2·12 H2O
• Potash alum is also known as an astringent.
• Astringents are substances that cause contraction or shrinkage of tissues and that dry up secretion.
• Used as a post-shaving treatment, it can eliminate bleeding from superficial wounds.
• It has also shown in vitro anti-microbial activity.
• The alum used for purifying water is known as potash alum.
• Potash alum is generally used in water purification, fireproof textiles etc. It is also used in leather tanning.

The correct answer is option 4 i.e Elected by the Legislative Assemblies of various Provinces.

• The Constituent Assembly took almost three years (two years, eleven months and seventeen days to be precise) to complete its historic task of drafting the Constitution for Independent India.
• During this period, it held eleven sessions covering a total of 165 days. Of these, 114 days were spent on the consideration of the Draft Constitution.
• As to its composition, members were chosen by indirect election by the members of the Provincial Legislative Assemblies, according to the scheme recommended by the Cabinet Mission.
• The arrangement was:
• 292 members were elected through the Provincial Legislative Assemblies
• 93 members represented the Indian Princely States; and
• 4 members represented the Chief Commissioners' Provinces.
• The total membership of the Assembly thus was to be 389.
• However, as a result of the partition under the Mountbatten Plan of 3 June 1947, a separate Constituent Assembly was set up for Pakistan, and representatives of some Provinces ceased to be members of the Assembly.
• As a result, the membership of the Assembly was reduced to 299.

The correct answer is Benzene hexachloride.

• Addition reactions
• Under vigorous conditions, i.e., at high temperature and/ or pressure in the presence of a nickel catalyst, hydrogenation of benzene gives cyclohexane.
• Under ultra-violet light, three chlorine molecules add to benzene to produce benzene hexachloride, **C₆H₆Cl₆ which is also called **gammaxane.
• Benzene hexachloride is an isomer of hexachlorocyclohexane with the chemical formula C₆H₆Cl_6.
• It is also known as Lindane or hexachloride.
• Benzene hexachlorane is a colourless solid with a slight musty odour.
• It is an organochlorine chemical and is widely used as an agricultural insecticide as well as a pharmaceutical treatment for scabies and lice.
• Uses of Benzene hexachloride (C₆H₆Cl₆)
• Benzene hexachloride is used as an insecticide on crops, in forestry, and for seed treatment.
• It is used in the treatment of head and body lice.
• It is used in pharmaceuticals.
• It is used to treat scabies.
• It is used in shampoo.

The correct answer is option 2 i.e Micropropagation

• A clone is a group of the organism produced from a single parent through asexual reproduction or progeny of single plant obtained by asexual reproduction while in other processes like hybridization, cross-pollination and self-pollination mixing of two gametes is taking place.
• Micropropagation is the process of multiplication of somatic cells artificially.
• During this process, the same type of cells ( morphologically and genetically) are formed.
• Such group of cells are called as clones.
• Thus, the correct answer is option 2.

The correct answer is option 1 i.e Chemotherapy

• Drugs are chemicals of low molecular masses (~100 – 500u).
• These interact with macromolecular targets and produce a biological response.
• When the biological response is therapeutic and useful, these chemicals are called medicines and are used in diagnosis, prevention and treatment of diseases.
• If taken in doses higher than those recommended, most of the drugs used as medicines are potential poisons.
• Use of chemicals for therapeutic effect is called chemotherapy
• Treatment of cancer :
• The common approaches for treatment of cancer are surgery, radiation therapy and immunotherapy.
• In radiotherapy, tumor cells are irradiated lethally, taking proper care of the normal tissues surrounding the tumor mass.
• Several chemotherapeutic drugs are used to kill cancerous cells.
• Some of these are specific for particular tumors. Majority of drugs have side effects like hair loss, anemia, etc.
• Most cancers are treated by combination of surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy.
• Tumor cells have been shown to avoid detection and destruction by immune system.
• Therefore, the patients are given substances called biological response modifiers such as α-interferon which activates their immune system and helps in destroying the tumor.

The current answer is Kuroshio Current.

• The largest current, because of its dark waters is known as the “Black Current” and that is Kuroshio current.
• Kuroshio Current is the oceanic surface current that flows northwards from the Philippines.
• The Kuroshio is a warm current flowing in a northeasterly direction along Japan’s east coast. It is about 100 kilometres (km) wide, and it has average speed of 3 to 4 knots.

The correct answer is option 4 i.e Is volatile.

Key Points

• Primary Memory
• Primary memory is an essential component of a computer system.
• Program and data are loaded into the primary memory before processing.
• The CPU interacts directly with the primary memory to perform read or write operation.
• It is of two types viz.
• Random Access Memory (RAM) and
• Read-Only Memory (ROM).
• RAM is volatile, i.e., as long as the power is supplied to the computer, it retains the data in it.
• But as soon as the power supply is turned off, all the contents of RAM are wiped out.
• It is used to store data temporarily while the computer is working.
• Whenever the computer is started or a software application is launched, the required program and data are loaded into RAM for processing.
• RAM is usually referred to as the main memory and it is faster than the secondary memory or storage devices.
• On the other hand, ROM is non-volatile, which means its contents are not lost even when the power is turned off.
• It is used as a small but faster permanent storage for the contents which are rarely changed.
• For example, the startup program (boot loader) that loads the operating system into primary memory, is stored in ROM

The correct answer is Mohammad Bin Tughlaq.

Key Points

• The earliest known attempt by a ruler to stop the practice of Sati took place during the rule of Muhammad Tughlaq in the 14^th century.
• His policy toward the Hindus was conciliatory, and he had tried to introduce social reforms, such as the abolition of sati.

Additional Information

• Muhammad bin Tughluq was the Sultan of Delhi.
• He is also known as the wisest fool.
• He ruled the Tughlaq dynasty from 1325 to 1351.
• He moved his capital from Delhi to Daulatabad in 1327.
• After two years he shifted the capital back to Delhi due to a lack of water supplies and many other issues.
• He introduced the 'token' currency in 1330.
• The coins introduced by Muhammad bin Tughlaq were made of brass and copper.
• The values of the coins were equal to that of gold and silver coins.
• The use of token currency has stopped in 1333 due to issues in trade and commerce.

The correct answer is Warren Hastings.

Key Points

Second Anglo-Mysore War (1780 – 1784)

• Causes of the war: 
• The Marathas attacked Mysore in 1771. But the British refused to honor the Treaty of Madras and did not give support to Hyder Ali.
• As a result, Hyder Ali’s territories were taken by the Marathas. He had to buy peace with the Marathas for a sum of Rs.36 lakh and another annual tribute.
• This angered Hyder Ali who started hating the British.
• When the English attacked Mahe, a French possession under Hyder Ali’s dominion, he declared war on the English in 1780.
• The course of the war: 
• Hyder Ali forged an alliance with the Nizam and the Marathas and defeated the British forces in Arcot.
• Hyder Ali died in 1782 and the war was continued by his son Tipu Sultan.
• Sir Eyre Coote, who had earlier defeated Hyder Ali many times, ended the war inconclusively with the Treaty of Mangalore.
• Warren Hastings (Governor-General from 1773 to 1785) was one of the many important figures who played a significant role in the expansion of Company power.
• By his time the Company had acquired power not only in Bengal but also in Bombay and Madras.
• British territories were broadly divided into administrative units called Presidencies.
• There were three Presidencies: Bengal, Madras, and Bombay. Each was ruled by a Governor.
• The supreme head of the administration was the Governor-General.
• Warren Hastings, the first Governor-General, introduced several administrative reforms, notably in the sphere of justice.

The correct answer is option 3 i.e., Taiga forest of Siberia.

• The largest forest which covers 25% of the world's forest land is Taiga forest of Siberia.
• Taiga regions include Alaska, Siberia, Canada, and Scandinavia.
• The taiga forest region is located in the cold and subarctic regions.
• Taiga is known as a thick forest that has coniferous trees like pine, fir, spruce, etc.
• Tropical Rainforest is a forest occurring in tropical areas of heavy rainfall.
• Tropical Rainforest is abundant with many species of wildlife and vegetation.
• Monsoon forest also called dry forest or tropical deciduous forest, which has a long dry season followed by a season of heavy rainfall.
• The trees in a monsoon forest usually shed their leaves during the dry season.
• Monsoon forests are especially well developed in Southeast Asia.

The correct answer is option 4 i.e. Printer.

• In a computer system, a Printer is a device that is functionally opposite of a Key-board.
• The keyboard allows the user to type letters and numbers. So it is an input device.
• The mouse allows the user to position the cursor, draw and execute program functions by clicking mouse buttons. So it is an input device.
• To move a cursor, a computer mouse has one or more buttons to allow operations.
• The joystick is also an input device.
• But the Printer is an output device.

The correct answer is Edward Jenner.

Key Points

• The immunization technique was developed by Edward Jenner.
• Edward Jenner was an English physician and scientist.
• He was the pioneer of the smallpox vaccine.
• Louis Pasteur discovered that microbes were responsible for souring alcohol.
• He came up with the process of pasteurization.

Additional Information

• Antonie van Leeuwenhoek is considered a father of microbiology.
• Robert Koch is known for isolating the tuberculosis bacterium, the cause of numerous deaths in the mid-19^th century.
• He won the Nobel Prize in 1905 for his work.

The correct answer is option 2 i.e. 1942.

Key Points

• Cripps Mission came to India in 1942.
• Stafford Cripps was a labour minister in Winston Churchill's coalition government in Britain.
• The Cripps Mission came to India from 22 March to 11 April 1942.
• Its aim was to obtain Indian cooperation for the British war in the 2^nd World war.
• Proposals of Cripps Mission:
• Setting up of an Indian dominion.
• A Constituent Assembly would be formed to frame a new constitution for the country.
• India’s defence would be controlled by the British until this new constitution came into force.
• The transfer of power and the rights of minorities would be safeguarded by negotiations between the Constituent Assembly and the British government.

The correct answer is option 4 i.e., Laxmi.

• The acid attack victim Laxmi was honoured with the prestigious "International Woman of Courage" award on 4 March 2014 at the State Department Ceremony in Washington by Michelle Obama, the first lady of the U.S.
• The International Women of Courage Award also referred to as the U.S. Secretary of State's International Women of Courage Award.
• This is an American award presented by the United States Department of State to women around the world.
• Each U.S. embassy has the right to recommend one woman as a candidate.
• To publish a rape victim's name, Nirbhaya is used for the victim.
• Nirbhaya means"fearless".
• Malini Awasthi is an Indian folk singer.
• Malini Awasthi also presents in Thumri and Kajri.
• ​Government of India awarded her the civilian honour of the Padma Shri in 2016.
• Gaura Pant known by Shivani was a Hindi magazine story writers of the 20^th century and a pioneer in writing Indian women-based fiction.
• She was awarded the Padma Shri for her contribution to Hindi literature in 1982.

The correct answer is option 2 i.e. Dayananda Saraswati.

• 'Arya Samaj' was founded by Dayananda Saraswati on 10^th April 1875.
• Arya Samaj is an Indian Hindu reform movement that promotes values and practices based on the belief in the infallible authority of the Vedas.
• Members of the Arya Samaj believe in one God.
• Arya Samaj rejects the worship of idols.
• Vivekananda founded Ramakrishna Mission‎ on 1^st May 1897.
• Indian Home Rule League was established by Annie Besant.
• Raja Ram Mohan Roy was one of the founders of the Brahmo Sabha.

The correct answer is option 2 i.e. Three parts.

• In a solar or lunar eclipse, the region of the earth's shadow is divided into three parts.
• The three parts are:
• Umbra: The region of the complete shadow is called the umbra.
• Penumbra: The region of the diffuse shadow is called the penumbra.
• Antumbra: The antumbra is the lighter part of a shadow that forms at a certain distance from the object casting the shadow

The correct answer is Article 167.

• Article 167 of the Indian Constitution defines the duties of the Chief Minister.
• It has specified in the second schedule.
• A chief minister is understood to be "first among equals".

A Chief Minister must be:

• Chief Minister must be a citizen of India.
• Chief Minister should be a member of the state legislature.
• If a person is elected chief minister who is not a member of the legislature, then he/she must take permission from the governor.
• Chief Minister must be 25 years of age or more.

The correct answer is option 2 i.e., Akbar

• Tulsidas wrote Ramcharitamanas during the reign of Akbar.
• Ramcharitmanas was composed at Ayodhya, Varanasi & Chitrakoot.
• Tulsidas was a contemporary of William Shakespeare.
• The Tulsi Ghat on the Ganges River in Varanasi is named after Tulsidas.
• Tulsidas started the Ramlila plays.

Important Points

• Tulsidas began writing the Ramcharitmanas in Ayodhya in Vikram Samvat 1631 (1574 CE).
• Ramcharitmanas was composed at Ayodhya, Varanasi & Chitrakoot.
• India was under the reign of Mughal emperor Akbar (1556-1605 CE) during this period.
• This also makes Tulsidas a contemporary of William Shakespeare.

The correct answer is option 3 i.e., Colletotrichum falcatum.

• Red rot of sugarcane is caused by Colletotrichum falcatum.
• Colletotrichum falcatum is a fungus.
• It causes severe loss in yield and quality.
• The red rot affected field must be rotated with rice for one season and other crops for two seasons.
• The accepted name,'Red rot' was given in 1906 by Sir E. J. Butler.
• He was an imperial Mycologist in India, who was then working at Pusa, Bihar.

The correct answer is option 1 i.e., State.

• Maclver says 'Kinship creates society and society at length creates' State.
• Robert Morrison MacIver was a sociologist, political scientist, and educator.
• He expressed belief in the compatibility of individualism and social organization.
• He was a University Lecturer in Political Science and Sociology at the University of Aberdeen.
• MacIver was the vice-chairman of the Canada War Labor Board.

The correct answer is option 4 i.e., Phosphate group.

• The hydrophilic nature of DNA is due to the presence of phosphate groups.
• DNA stands for deoxyribonucleic acid.
• DNA is also called "the molecule of life".
• DNA molecules consist of two biopolymer strands.
• The two strands are called polynucleotides since they are composed of simpler monomeric units called nucleotides.
• Each nucleotide is composed of:
• Cytosine (C)
• Guanine (G)
• Adenine (A)
• Thymine (T)

The correct answer is Virus.

Key Points

• Interferons are synthesized in response to the Virus.
• Cells infected by viruses produce interferon which is an antiviral protein.
• It spreads to neighboring cells and makes them resistant to virus infections by inhibiting viral growth.
• A virus is an infectious agent of a small size.
• It is a simple composition that can multiply only in living cells of animals, plants, or bacteria.
• Most viruses vary in diameter from 20 nanometres to 250–400 nm.

Concept:

• 1^st law of thermodynamics:
• The first law of thermodynamics is simply the case of the law of conservation of energy.
• The law of conservation of energy states that the total energy of an isolated system is constant.
• Energy can be transformed from one form to another but can be neither created nor destroyed.
• According to 1^st law of thermodynamics, Q = U + W
• Newton's law of cooling:
• It states that the temperature of a body changes at a rate proportional to the difference in temperature between the body and its surroundings.

The correct answer is option 4 i.e., Cerebellum equilibrium.

• The sense of balance is achieved by Cerebellum equilibrium.
• The cerebellum controls the aspects of balance, equilibrium, and muscle tone.
• The ear is a sensory organ that picks up sound waves, allowing us to hear.
• The thalamus relays info between pons, motor cortices, and insula.
• The thalamus is composed of different nuclei that each serve a unique role.
• The thalamus regulates consciousness and alertness.

The correct answer is option 2 i.e. Nitrate

• Nitrogen in water is commonly found in the form of Nitrate.
• The main source of nitrogen compounds in water is fertilizer.
• Fertilizers mainly contain nitrate, it also contains ammonia, ammonium, urea, and amines
• Some fertilizers also contain certain "micronutrients".
• Micronutrients are necessary for plant growth, such as zinc and other metals.
• Nitric oxide is a colorless gas.
• Nitric oxide has an unpaired electron**(so it is called free radical)**.

The correct answer is  Magadha 

Key Points

• The Magadha kingdom first used elephants in wars.
• The rulers of Magadha employed elephants as a weapon of large-scale destruction.
• Magadha was an ancient Indian kingdom in southern Bihar.
• Magadha was counted as one of the sixteen Mahajanapadas.
• Magadha also played an important role in the development of Jainism and Buddhism.

Additional Information

• The kingdom of the Magadha covers the modern districts of:
• Patna
• Jehanabad
• Nalanda
• Aurangabad
• Arwal
• Nawada
• Gaya.

The correct answer is option 4 i.e.  Part III 

• Part III in the Indian Constitution guarantees fundamental rights to the people.
• Fundamental rights are essential for the intellectual, moral development of citizens of India.
• As these rights are fundamental all-round development of individuals, they are called Fundamental rights.
• It covers Articles 12 to 35 of the Constitution of India.
• They are enforceable by the courts, subject to specific restrictions.

Some important parts of the Indian Constitution:

The correct answer is option 3 i.e. Cheap money policy.

• A low-interest policy is also known as Cheap money policy.
• Cheap money policy involves loan or credit with a low-interest rate
• Cheap money is good for borrowers but bad for investors.
• It was one of the primary reasons for the 2008 recession.
• Dear money policy refers to monetary policy by the central bank.
• Dear money policy to decrease the real income and hence the purchasing power of the people.

The correct answer is option 2 i.e., The reversible engine is greater than the irreversible engine.

• A reversible and an irreversible engine are working between the same limits of temperature. The efficiency of the reversible engine is greater than the irreversible engine.
• Reversible engines are the ones that can be reversed or whose process if reversed will not cause any loss of energy. For example the Carnot cycle.
• Irreversible engines are the ones that undergo loss of energy in due course of operation.
• As the losses in case of irreversible engines are present so naturally, its efficiency will be less as compared to reversible engines.
• It is necessary to increase the temperature of the combustion chamber, to increase the thermal efficiency of a gas power turbine.

Carnot Engine Principles:(Operating between the same two reservoirs.)

• The efficiency of an irreversible heat engine is always less than the efficiency of a reversible.
• The efficiencies of all reversible heat engines operating are the same.

The correct answer is option 3 i.e. Oxygen.

Key Points

• The most abundant element is Oxygen.
• The most abundant element in the Earth's crust is Oxygen.
• Oxygen is making up about 47% of the earth's mass.
• But, Hydrogen is the most abundant element in the Universe.
• Hydrogen is making up about 3/4^th of the mass of the universe.
• Helium is second making up to 25%.
• Oxygen is the third most abundant element of the Universe(Not in Earth's crust).

The correct answer is. Apple.

• The fleshy thalamus is edible in apple.
• Apples are simple fruits with fleshy pericarp.
• Apple is a pome, a simple, fleshy but false fruit as it is surrounded by fleshy thalamus.
• These fruits are developed from the ovary and seeds from the ovule.
• The true fruit is deep inside the fleshy thalamus(that we eat).
• Apples are a good source of fiber and vitamin C.
• Malic acid is found in Apples.

The correct answer is option 4 i.e. Haji Begam.

Key Points

• Haji Begam constructed Humayun's tomb in Delhi.
• Bega Begum was known as Haji Begam
• She was known as Haji Begam after she performed the Hajj pilgrimage.
• Construction of Humayun's tomb began in 1565 and was completed in 1572.
• The tomb was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1993.
• Mirak Mirza Ghiyath was the chief architect.
• Babur was the father of Humayun.
• Akbar was the son of Humayun.

​

Additional Information

• Mughals:
• The Mughals were descendants of two great lineages of rulers.
• From their mother’s side, they were descendants of Genghis Khan (died 1227), the Mongol ruler who ruled over parts of China and Central Asia.
• From their father’s side, they were the successors of Timur (who died in 1404), the ruler of Iran, Iraq and modern-day Turkey.
• However, the Mughals did not like to be called Mughal or Mongol. This was because Genghis Khan’s memory was associated with the massacre of innumerable people.
• It was also linked with the Uzbeks, their Mongol competitors.
• On the other hand, the Mughals were proud of their Timurid ancestry, not least of all because their great ancestor had captured Delhi in 1398.

The correct answer is option 2 i.e. Currency with the public is less than the deposits with the banks.

• Regarding the money supply situation in India, it can be said that the currency with the public is less than the deposits with the banks.
• The total stock of money circulating in an economy is the money supply.
• The valuation and analysis of the money supply help the economist and policymakers to frame the policy.
• Reserve Bank of India follows M0, M1, M2, M3, and M4 monetary aggregates.
• India's Money Supply - M4 data was reported at 157,393,240.000 INR mn in Apr 2019. This records a decrease from the previous number of 157,888,260.000 INR mn for Mar 2019.
• Money supply in India includes:
• Currency with the public
• Deposits with Reserve Bank of India
• Demand deposits and time deposits with banks
• Deposits in Post Office.

The correct answer is option 2 i.e. Eight

• The total number of planets revolving around the sun is Eight.
• The inner planets closest to the sun are called the "terrestrial planets".
• The International Astronomical Union (IAU) downgraded the status of Pluto to a dwarf planet (so only eight planets now).
• Terrestrial planets:
• Mercury
• Venus
• Earth
• Mars
• Eight planets in the solar system are:
• Mercury
• Venus
• Earth
• Mars
• Jupiter
• Saturn
• Uranus
• Neptune.

The correct answer is option 1 i.e. Saving in its production costs

• Economies of a firm are saving in their production costs.
• The diseconomies of the scale when there is an increase in sales.
• Diseconomies are the cost disadvantages that firms build-up due to an increase in firm size and also due to output.
• Economics of scale leads to cost reduction.
• Diseconomies raise the cost.
• The return to scale increases when the economies are more than diseconomies.

The correct answer is  Article 335

• Reservation for the Scheduled castes and Scheduled tribes in the service has been provided in the Indian Constitution under Article 335.
• The 82^nd amendment inserted a provision in Article 335 to enable states to give concessions to SC/ST candidates in the promotion.
• Article 243T provides reservation of seats for SCs and STs in every Municipality.
• Article 243D provides reservation of seats for SCs and STs in every Panchayat.
• Part XVI of the Indian constitution deals with reservation of SC and ST in Central and State legislatures.
• The Constitution was amended by the Constitution (77^th Amendment Act, 1995) to enable the government to provide reservation in promotion.
• It inserted a new clause (4A) in Article 16.

The correct answer is Kapil Dev.

Important Points

• Kapil Dev is named as "Haryana Hurricane".
• Kapil Dev started his career as a cricketer in 1975.
• Kapil Dev won the 1983 Cricket World Cup in his captaincy.
• He was also the national cricket coach between October 1999 and August 2000.
• He retired in 1994.
• Kapil Dev is the first player to take 200 ODI wickets.
• On 11 March 2010, Dev was inducted into the ICC Cricket Hall of Fame.