MP Police Constable : (9 Dec 2025) Memory-Based Paper (Previous Year Paper)

The correct answer is Indore.

• The River Chambal originates in Indore.

Key Points

• The river originates at Janapav, south of Mhow town, Indore
• It flows through Madhya Pradesh then through Rajasthan, then forming the boundary between Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh before turning southeast to join the Yamuna in Uttar Pradesh.
• Right Bank Tributaries
• ​Parbati, Kali Sindh, Shipra.
• Left Bank Tributaries  
• Banas, Mej.
• Gandhi Sagar, Rana Pratap Sagar, Jawahar Sagar, and Kota Barrage are major dams on the Chambal river.

Additional Information. 

• The Chambal and the Betwa are tributaries of the Yamuna from the peninsular plateau.
• Khandwa and Dhar lie in the Narmada Valley.

The correct option is Gallium.

Key Points

• Group 13 elements are also known as Boron Family.
• The elements are Boron, Aluminium, Gallium, Indium, Thallium.
• The general electronic configuration for the group 13 elements is ns2 np1.
• Gallium was discovered in 1875 by French chemist Paul-Émile Lecoq de Boisbaudran.
• Atomic number of Gallium is 31 and chemical symbol is Ga.

Additional Information

• Boron is the lightest element of Boron family, the chemical symbol B and atomic number is 5. In its crystalline form it is a brittle, dark, lustrous metalloid; in its amorphus form it is a brown powder.
• Aluminium's chemical symbol Al and atomic number 13. It has a density lower than those of other common metals.
• Thallium is a chemical element with the symbol Tl and atomic number 81. It is a gray post-transition metal that is not found free in nature.
• Indium is a chemical element with the symbol In and atomic number 49. Indium is the softest metal that is not an alkali metal. It is a silvery-white metal that resembles Tin in appearance. It is a post-transition metal that makes up 0.21 parts per million of the Earth's crust.

The statement above asks us whether the number of attempts in the UPSC exam should be increased for students.

Argument I supports the claim and suggests that it can provide more opportunities to the student to qualify for the exam. This seems to be a strong point in support of increasing the attempts as this will benefit the students.

Therefore, argument I is strong.

On the other hand, Argument II dismisses the claim by stating that it will increase the number of students qualifying for the exam. This can’t be a strong reason for not increasing the number of attempts as there is nothing bad about having more qualified aspirants.

Therefore, argument II is not strong.

Hence, only I is strong.

Given:

The length of rectangle = 160 m 

The diagonal of rectangle = 200 m

Formula Use:

Perimeter of rectangle = 2 × (length + width)

Calculations:

Here, we know the length of a rectangle and its diagonal.

Therefore, use the Pythagoras theorem to find the width of a rectangle.

The Pythagoras theorem is

(Hypotenuse)² = (Base)² + (Perpendicular)²

Here,

The hypotenuse is the diagonal of the rectangle, Base is the length of the rectangle, and Perpendicular is the width of the rectangle.

Therefore, we can write Pythagoras theorem as,

(Diagonal)² = (Length)² + (Width)²

⇒ (200)² = (160)² + (width)2

⇒ (Width)2 = (200)2 - (160)2

⇒ (Width)2 = 40000 - 25600

⇒ (Width)2 = 14400

⇒ Width = \(\sqrt14400\)

⇒ Width = 120 m

Now,

Perimeter of rectangle = 2 × (length + width)

⇒ Perimeter of rectangle = 2 × (160 + 120)

⇒ Perimeter of rectangle = 2 × 280

⇒ Perimeter of rectangle = 560 m

Therefore, the perimeter of a rectangle is 560 meters.

Hence, the correct answer is 560 m.

The correct answer is Delhi.

Key Points

• The National Council for Promotion of Sindhi Language (NCPSL) is headquartered in Delhi, India.
• NCPSL was established in 1994 under the Ministry of Education, Government of India.
• The council aims to promote, develop, and preserve the Sindhi language and its rich cultural heritage.
• It organizes workshops, seminars, and cultural events to encourage the use of Sindhi in literature and daily communication.
• NCPSL also provides financial assistance to authors, publishers, and organizations working towards the development of Sindhi literature.

Additional Information

• Sindhi Language
• Sindhi is one of the 22 scheduled languages recognized by the Constitution of India under the Eighth Schedule.
• It is primarily spoken in the Sindh province of Pakistan and by the Sindhi diaspora globally, including India.
• Sindhi has a rich literary history with contributions in poetry, prose, and philosophical texts.
• Ministry of Education
• The NCPSL operates under the Ministry of Education, which oversees policies related to education, literacy, and language promotion in India.
• The ministry also supports other language promotion councils, such as the National Council for Promotion of Urdu Language (NCPUL) and the Central Institute of Indian Languages (CIIL).
• Preservation of Regional Languages
• The Government of India runs various schemes to preserve and promote regional languages, ensuring cultural diversity and inclusivity.
• These efforts include financial support, scholarships, and the development of digital tools for language learning.
• Importance of Language Councils
• Language councils like NCPSL play a vital role in safeguarding linguistic heritage and fostering unity in a diverse country like India.
• They work towards making education and literature accessible to different linguistic communities.

The correct answer is Water.

Key Points

• Water has a polar molecule.
• Unequal sharing of electrons makes water a polar molecule.
• So even though the electrons from each atom are attracted by both oxygen and hydrogen, the electrons are a bit more attracted to the oxygen.
• This means that electrons spend a bit more time at the oxygen end of the molecule.

After unfolding, we get the following - 

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (1)".

Key Points

• Draw a mirror image assuming dotted lines as a mirror.
• when you will unfold the paper you have to follow the opposite direction in which the paper was being folded.

Given:

Volume of the cylinder (V) = 180 cm³

Area of the base of the cylinder (A) = 30 cm²

Concept:

Diameter of the cylinder base can be found from the area of the base using the formula A = πr².

Solution:

⇒ The radius (r) can be calculated from the area formula as √(A/π).

⇒ Therefore, the diameter is 2 × √(A/π).

Hence, the diameter of the cylinder is \(2√{30/\pi}\) .

The correct answer is Assam.

Key Points

• Manas National Park is located in Assam.
• It is also a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
• It is home to animals like wild buffaloes, Royal Bengal Tiger, golden langur, hispid hare, etc.
• It has been named after the river Manas, which is a tributary of the river Brahmaputra.

Additional Information

• Kanha National Park is located in Madhya Pradesh.
• Ranthambore National Park is situated in Rajasthan.

The correct answer is Decomposition reaction.

Key Points

• Electrolysis of water is a decomposition reaction because it breaks down water into its constituent elements, hydrogen and oxygen.
• Reaction: 2H₂O + electricity → 2H₂ + O₂
• Electrolysis is the process of using an electric current to drive a non-spontaneous chemical reaction.
• It is commonly used for the production of metals, such as aluminum and copper.

Additional Information

• Bidisplacement reaction is also known as the double displacement reaction.
• It involves two reactants exchanging their ions to form two new products.
• For example, potassium nitrate reacts with aluminium chloride and forms aluminium nitrate and potassium chloride.
• Reaction: KNO₃ + AlCl₃ ↔️    Al(NO₃)₃ + KCl
• Displacement reaction is also known as the single replacement reaction.
• It involves a more reactive element displacing a less reactive element from its compound.
• The reaction of potassium with magnesium chloride is an example of a single displacement reaction.
• Reaction: 2K + MgCl₂ → 2KCl + Mg
• Combination reaction is also known as the synthesis reaction.
• It involves two or more reactants combining to form a single product.
• For example, when we burn magnesium ribbon (or magnesium), it gives a gray-black ash of magnesium oxide.
• Reaction: Mg + O₂ → MgO

Given:

1) Arun and Chandru play football and hockey.

2. Deepan and Dinesh play badminton and cricket. 

3) Chandru and Deepan play cricket and football.

4. Arun and Dinesh play hockey and badminton. 

Thus, according to the final arrangement Arun does NOT play cricket.

Therefore, the correct answer is "Option 4".

Shortcut Trick

Initial ratio = 19 : 24 (Difference = 5)

Final ratio = 3 : 4 (Difference = 1) ⇒ Multiply by 5 to equalise the difference ⇒ 15 : 20

Decrease in parts for both numbers = 19 − 15 = 4 parts

Given decrease = 36 ⇒ 4 parts = 36 ⇒ 1 part = 9

Sum of numbers = 19 + 24 = 43 parts ⇒ 43 × 9 = 387

∴ The correct answer is 387.

Alternate Method

Given:

Ratio of two numbers = 19 : 24

Reduction in each number = 36

New ratio = 3 : 4

Initial Numbers

19x

24x

Ratio: 3

Ratio: 4

− 36

− 36
Final Ratio

Calculations:

⇒ Let the two numbers be 19x and 24x.

⇒ According to the given condition:

⇒ (19x − 36) ÷ (24x − 36) = 3 ÷ 4

⇒ 4 × (19x − 36) = 3 × (24x − 36)

⇒ 76x − 144 = 72x − 108

⇒ 76x − 72x = 144 − 108

⇒ 4x = 36

⇒ x = 9

⇒ Sum of the numbers = 19x + 24x = 43x

⇒ Sum = 43 × 9 = 387

∴ The correct answer is 387.

Additional Information

Difference Equalisation in Ratios

When two quantities in a ratio are both increased or decreased by the exact same value, their part difference in the initial and final ratios must be equalised to directly apply the unitary method.

Cross-Multiplication Method

Used to find initial values when both ratio terms change. If the initial ratio is a : b and both change by x to form a new ratio c : d, then (a ± x) ÷ (b ± x) = c ÷ d.

Important Proportions

For two numbers a and b: Mean Proportional = √(a × b), Third Proportional = b² ÷ a. For three numbers a, b, and c: Fourth Proportional = (b × c) ÷ a.

The correct option is 'Anti-slavery activists of American Civil War'.

Key Points

• Jyotirao Phule's book, titled 'Gulamgiri' or 'Slavery', is a seminal work that scrutinizes the dominance and supremacy of the Brahmin caste in the Indian societal structure.
• However, the book doesn't just examine Indian society alone. In an act of international solidarity, Phule dedicated 'Gulamgiri' to the anti-slavery activists of the American Civil War.
• The act of dedicating his book to the anti-slavery activists of the American Civil War goes beyond just a simple dedication.
• For Phule, these activists represented a struggle against a system that was analogous to the caste system in India.
• Slavery in America, much like the caste system in India, was a system of social division and discrimination, one that was deeply ingrained and perpetuated by vested interests.
• Phule likely saw parallels between the struggle of these American activists, who fought against racial discrimination and slavery, and his own battle against the caste-based discrimination in India.
• By dedicating his book to them, Phule was not only acknowledging their efforts but also drawing international attention to the parallels between the two systems of injustice.
• Phule's dedication is indicative of his deep understanding of the global struggle for human rights and his commitment to the demolition of all kinds of inhumane practices, regardless of geographical boundaries.

Additional Information

• ​ Jyotirao Phule was an Indian social activist, thinker, anti-caste social reformer and writer from Maharashtra. He is also known as Jyotiba Phule.
• Phule was born on 11^th April, 1827 in present-day Maharashtra and belonged to the Mali caste of gardeners and vegetable farmers.
• His Ideology was based on: Liberty; Egalitarianism; Socialism.

Phule was influenced by Thomas Paine’s book titled The Rights of Man and believed that the only solution to combat the social evils was the enlightenment of women and members of the lower castes.

• His major publications include Tritiya Ratna (1855); Powada: Chatrapati Shivajiraje Bhosle Yancha (1869); Gulamgiri (1873), Shetkarayacha Aasud (1881).
• Phule along with his followers formed Satyashodhak Samaj in 1873 which meant ‘Seekers of Truth’ in order to attain equal social and economic benefits for the lower castes in Maharashtra. The society endeavoured to mitigate the distress and sufferings of Dalits and women.

The correct answer is Erucic Acid.

Key Points

• Mustard oil contains Erucic Acid, which is a monounsaturated omega-9 fatty acid.
• Erucic Acid is also found in rapeseed oil and is used in the production of industrial lubricants and in the manufacture of biodiesel.

Additional Information

• Tartaric Acid is a diprotic organic acid found in grapes and is used in the production of wine and baking powder.
• Malic Acid is a dicarboxylic acid found in apples and is used in the food industry as a flavor enhancer and preservative.
• Lauric Acid is a saturated fatty acid found in coconut oil and is used in the production of soaps and cosmetics.

Option 1 → This is exactly same as given address.

Option 2 → Spellings of “Vasudevan” and “Udhagamandalam “ are given wrong.

Option 3 → Spelling of “Nilayam” is wrong, extra ‘L’ is given.

Option 4 → Spelling of “Vasudevan” is given wrong.

Hence, option 1 is the correct answer.

Given:

Selling price = 11/5 times of cost price.

Concept:

Gain% = (Selling Price - Cost Price) / Cost Price × 100.

Solution:

If cost price = 5, then selling price = 11.

Gain% = (11 - 5) / 5 × 100 = 120%.

Therefore, the gain percentage is 120%.

The correct answer is Kathmandu (Nepal)

Key Points

• SAARC is South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation, which is a regional intergovernmental organisation.
• It was founded on 8 December 1985 in Dhaka.
• It aims to promote the development of economic and regional integration.
• It is headquartered in Kathmandu, Nepal.
• The South Asian Free Trade Area was launched on 1^st January 2006 to create a free trade zone between its members.
• As of March 2020 Esala Ruwan Weerakoon is the Secretary-General. He assumed office on 1^st March 2020.

Additional Information

• Given below is the list of all members of SAARC:
• Afghanistan
• Bangladesh
• Bhutan
• India
• Maldives
• Nepal
• Pakistan
• Sri Lanka

The correct answer is Ag.

• Ag is the chemical symbol of Silver with the atomic number 47.

Key Points

• Silver is extracted by the Patio process from its ore.
• Nitric acid (HNO₃) is used in the purification of gold and silver.
• Uses of Silver in other compounds:
• Silver chloride is used in photochromatic glass.
• Silver iodide is used in artificial rain.
• Silver nitrate (AgNO₃) is used to prepare the ink used during voting.

Additional Information

• German Silver does not contain silver, it is called so due to its appearance.
• It contains Copper (60%), Zinc (20%) & Nickel (20%)
• Sr is the symbol of Strontium with atomic number 38.
• Sb is the symbol of Antimony with atomic number 51.
• Au is the symbol of Gold with the atomic number 79.

7 People – P, Q, R, S, T, U and V

1. All are facing south.

2. P is sitting in the middle most position.

3. T is sitting second to the left of P.

4. R is not sitting between P and T but is sitting 4^th to the left of U.

5. S is sitting immediate right to Q.

Hence, the correct statement is ‘V is sitting 4^th to the left of S’.

Given:

11, 33, 99, 121 divide the required largest five-digit numbers.

Concept used:

If any number N is divisible by a set of numbers a, b, c, d, e then N is also divisible by LCM of a, b, c, d, and e

Calculation:

The largest five-digit number is 99999

LCM of 11, 33, 99, 121 = 1089

As we know by the concept,

1089 should divide by either 99999 or the five-digit number nearest to 99999

When we divide 99999 by 1089, we get Reminder = 900

99999 - 900 = 99099

99099 is divisible by 1089

∴ 99099 is the largest five-digit number which is divisible by 11, 33, 99, 121.

The correct answer is Thermal.

Key Points 

Non-Renewable Resources Examples

• Thermal
• Fossil Fuel
• Coal
• Rare earth elements
• Petroleum products
• Uranium

Solar energy, wind energy, hydroelectric power, biomass energy, geothermal energy, and tidal energy are examples of renewable sources of energy.

Additional Information 

The correct answer is to Stop Moving

Key Points

• At absolute zero (0 K or -273.15°C), the particles of matter stop moving
• Thermal energy, which is associated with particle motion due to temperature, is completely absent.
• The lack of thermal energy means there is no translational, rotational, or vibrational motion in the classical sense.
• | Aspect | Explanation | | --- | --- | | Temperature | Absolute zero is the point at which a substance has no thermal energy and cannot be cooled further. | | Particle Motion | Classically, particle motion is expected to stop completely at absolute zero. | | Particle Position | Particles are thought to occupy fixed positions with no vibration in the solid state. |

Here, we use the table given below:

Given:

GWR : HZW :: CJO : ?

The logic followed in the given codes:

GWR : HZW→

Similarly, for CJO : ?→

Here, 'CJO' is written as 'DMT'.

Hence, the correct answer is "DMT".

Shortcut Trick

Total simple interest percentage for 2 years = 6% × 2 = 12%

⇒ 12% of Principal = 318

⇒ Principal (100%) = (318 ÷ 12) × 100 = 2650

∴ The correct answer is ₹2650.

Alternate Method

Given:

Simple Interest (SI) = ₹318

Rate of Interest (R) = 6% per annum

Time (T) = 2 years

Formula Used:

SI = (P × R × T) ÷ 100

Total SI for 2 Years = ₹318

Start
Year 1
Year 2

Principal = P

• 6% Interest
• 6% Interest

Calculations:

⇒ 318 = (P × 6 × 2) ÷ 100

⇒ 318 = (P × 12) ÷ 100

⇒ P = (318 × 100) ÷ 12

⇒ P = 31800 ÷ 12

⇒ P = 2650

∴ The correct answer is ₹2650.

Additional Information

Amount in Simple Interest

The total amount A at the end of the time period is the sum of the Principal and Simple Interest. Formula: A = P + SI = P(1 + RT ÷ 100).

Compound Interest (CI)

In CI, interest is calculated on the initial principal as well as the accumulated interest of previous periods. Formula: A = P(1 + R ÷ 100)^T.

Difference between CI and SI for 2 Years

The difference between Compound Interest and Simple Interest on a certain principal for 2 years is given directly by: Difference = P × (R ÷ 100)².

The correct answer is Belt and Road Initiative

Key Points

• The full form of BRI is Belt and Road Initiative.
• The Belt and Road Initiative is a global development strategy adopted by the Chinese government in 2013.
• It aims to enhance regional connectivity and embrace a brighter economic future by building infrastructure and broadening trade links between Asia, Africa, and Europe.
• BRI encompasses two main components: the Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21^st Century Maritime Silk Road.
• The initiative is often seen as a way for China to assert its influence on the global stage, fostering economic cooperation and development.

Additional Information

• The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) was first unveiled by Chinese President Xi Jinping during official visits to Kazakhstan and Indonesia in 2013.
• It is sometimes referred to as the "One Belt, One Road" (OBOR) initiative.
• The initiative seeks to improve trade and investment flows between participating countries by building infrastructure like roads, railways, ports, and airports.
• BRI is seen as a vehicle for China to export its surplus production capacity and to create new markets for its goods and services.
• Critics of BRI argue that it can lead to debt dependency and increased geopolitical influence for China over participating countries.
• As of 2021, over 140 countries and international organizations have signed agreements with China on BRI cooperation.

The correct answer is Group 17.

Key Points

• Halogens are a group of six elements of Group 17 in the periodic table.
• Fluorine (F)
• Chlorine (Cl)
• Bromine (Br)
• Iodine (I)
• Astatine (At)
• Tennessine (Ts)
• Halogens are nonmetals.
• Halogens are very reactive, the reactivity decreases from Fluorine to Astatine.
• Physical Properties of Halogens:
• They have a strong and often nasty smell.
• They are extremely toxic.
• They are poor conductors of heat and electricity.
• They have low melting and boiling points.
• Chemical Properties of Halogens:
• Their Molecules are diatomic.
• They have seven valence electrons as their one electron missing, they form negative ions and are highly reactive.
• They can gain an electron by reacting with atoms of other elements.

From the statement, we can understand that the contribution of the Australian bowlers was the maximum but with the help of this information we cannot determine the number of Australian players who were bowlers.

Therefore, conclusion I does not follow.

Similarly, winning by 98 runs is definitely a big win but we do not have enough information about the other games played by Australia to compare and conclude that it is the biggest win of Australia against South Africa.

Therefore, conclusion II also does not follow.

Hence, Neither I nor II follows.

Shortcut Trick

Total CP for 400 apples = 4 × 1200 = ₹4800

Total SP = CP + Profit = 4800 + 800 = ₹5600

SP of 1 apple = 5600 ÷ 400 = ₹14

SP per dozen = 14 × 12 = ₹168

∴ The correct answer is ₹168.

Alternate Method

Given:

Total number of apples = 400

Cost price per 100 apples = ₹1200

Total Profit = ₹800

Formula Used:

Total SP = Total CP + Profit

SP per dozen = SP of 1 unit × 12

Total CP = ₹4800

• Profit = ₹800

Total SP = ₹5600 (for 400 apples)

SP per dozen = (5600 ÷ 400) × 12 = ₹168

Calculations:

⇒ Cost price of 100 apples = ₹1200

⇒ Total Cost price (CP) of 400 apples = 4 × 1200 = ₹4800

⇒ Total Selling price (SP) of 400 apples = Total CP + Profit

⇒ Total SP = 4800 + 800 = ₹5600

⇒ Selling price of 1 apple = 5600 ÷ 400 = ₹14

⇒ Selling price per dozen (12 apples) = 14 × 12 = ₹168

∴ The correct answer is ₹168.

Additional Information

Profit and Loss Basics

Profit occurs when the selling price is greater than the cost price (Profit = SP − CP). Loss occurs when the cost price is greater than the selling price (Loss = CP − SP).

Profit & Loss Percentage

Profit or loss percentage is always calculated on the base cost price. Profit % = (Profit ÷ CP) × 100 and Loss % = (Loss ÷ CP) × 100.

Unitary Method Application

The unitary method helps in finding the value of a single unit from the value of a multiple unit, which is then used to find the value of any required number of units. Here it was used to find the SP of a dozen (12 units) items.

All of the above options are correct.

Key Points

• The Magnitude of an Earthquake is measured on a Richter scale and the Intensity of an earthquake is measured on the Mercalli scale
• The sudden movement of tectonic plates leads to an earthquake.
• Tectonic plates are constantly shifting as they drift around on the viscous, or slowly flowing, mantle layer.
• The forces which act in the interior of the earth are called Endogenic forces.
• The forces that work on the surface of the earth are called Exogenic forces.
• Endogenic forces sometimes produce sudden movements like Earthquakes and Volcanoes.

The correct answer is Calcium Carbonate.

Key Points

• The chief component of the nacre that constitutes the pearl is aragonite (Calcium Carbonate).
• Nacre also contains a small amount of conchiolin, a hornlike organic substance (albuminoid) that is the main constituent of the mollusk's outer shell.
• Pearl also contains Magnesium carbonate along with Calcium carbonate.

Additional Information

• Calcium Carbonate:
• It is a common substance found in rocks as the minerals calcite and aragonite and is the main component of eggshells, snail shell, seashells, and pearls.
• The Molar Mass of Calcium Carbonate is 100.0869 g/mol.
• Melting point: 825-degree celsius.

Pairs of terms where 1^st is alphabet and 2^nd is a number are:

5J(A8)(K6)(G4)O(C1)659NLEPUF

Thus, there are 4 pairs of terms where 1^st is alphabet and 2^nd is a number.

Given:

Numbers are 1) 109464, 2) 109644, 3) 190446, 4) 446190.

Formula Used:

A number is divisible by 24 if it is divisible by both 3 and 8.

Calculation:

Checking each option:

For 109464:

Divisibility by 3 ⇒ Sum of digits = 1 + 0 + 9 + 4 + 6 + 4 = 24 ⇒ Divisible by 3.

Divisibility by 8 ⇒ Last three digits = 464 ⇒ 464 is divisible by 8.

⇒ 109464 is divisible by 24.

∴ The correct answer is option 1.

There are several highway projects initiated in India. The Golden Quadrilateral project is the most important of them.

Key Points

Golden Quadrilateral:

• In 1999, then prime minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee laid the foundation stone for the GoldenQuadrilateral (GQ) Highway project.
• The Golden Quadrilateral is the longest road project in India and the fifth-longest highway in the world.
• It connects four major cities: Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai, and Kolkata.
• The GQ project is managed by the National Highways Authority of India (NHAI) under the Ministry of Road, Transport, and Highways.
• The Golden Quadrilateral constitutes only the national highways of the country and not state highways and rural-urban roadways.
• It is a 5846 km high-quality road joining the four megacities of the country (Delhi, Kolkata, Chennai, and Mumbai) is called Golden Quadrilateral Connecting National Highways.
• Delhi-Kolkata: NH-2
• Mumbai -Delhi: NH-8
• Mumbai -Chennai: NH-4
• Chennai-Kolkata: NH-5
• Atal Bihari Vajpayee launched the Golden Quadrilateral Project.

The correct answer is 6.

Key Points

• Let's denote the oxidation number of sulfur as 'x'.
• In H₂S₂O₇:
• Hydrogen (H) has an oxidation number of +1.
• Oxygen (O) has an oxidation number of -2.
• The overall charge of the molecule is 0.
• So, we can set up the equation:
• 2(+1) + 2(x) + 7(-2) = 0
• Simplifying:
• 2 + 2x - 14 = 0
• 2x = 12
• x = +6
• Therefore, the oxidation number of sulfur (S) in H₂S₂O₇ is +6.

The absolute utility can be amplified by balance of pay all through the local area, i.e., by giving additional pay from the rich to poor people. In this way, I is implicit. Likewise, II relates to monetary right and isn't worried about equity of pay all through the local area.  So, it is not implicit.

Hence, the correct option is 1.

Concept use:

When interest is compounded half-yearly, the rate of interest is divided by 2 and the time period is multiplied by 2.

Calculations:

 The principal amount (P) is Rs. 10,000, the rate of interest (r) is 6% per annum, and the time period (t) is 1 year

when it's compounded half-yearly, r becomes 6/2 = 3% per half-year, and t becomes 1 × 2 = 2 half-years.

The formula for compound interest (CI) is:

CI = P(1 + r/100)^t - P

Substituting the adjusted values for P, r, and t into the formula, we get:

CI = 10,000(1 + 3/100)² - 10,000

CI = 10,000(1.03)² - 10,000

CI = 10,000 × 1.0609 - 10,000

CI = 10,609 - 10,000

CI = Rs. 609

So, the compound interest on Rs. 10,000 in a year at 6 percent per annum if it is compounded half-yearly is Rs. 609. The correct option is 2.

The Correct Answer is Hindu, Buddhist and Jain.

• The caves and rock-cut temples at Ellora are Hindu, Buddhist and Jain.

Key Points

• Ellora, built by Rashtrakutas is located in Aurangabad(Chhatrapati Sambhajinagar), Maharashtra.
• It is one of the World Heritage Sites. It is well known for its monumental caves.
• 12 Buddhist (caves 1–12), 17 Hindu Caves (caves 13–29) and 5 Jain caves (caves 30–34).
• These caves were built in proximity and demonstrate the religious harmony prevalently during this period of Indian history.
• The Kailasha or Kailashanatha temple is the largest of the rock-cut Hindu temples at the Ellora Caves, Maharashtra, India.
• It is one of the largest rock-cut monastery-temple cave complexes in the world, featuring Hindu, Buddhist and Jain monuments, and artwork, dating from the 600–1000 CE period

Additional Information

• The five Jain caves at Ellora belong to the ninth and tenth centuries.
• They all belong to the Digambara sect.
• Twelve Buddhist caves were built during the 5^th-7^th century.
• Most popular of the Buddhist caves is Cave number 10, a Chaitya hall (chandrashala) or 'Vishvakarma cave', popularly known as the Carpenter's Cave.
• Dashavatara cave (Cave 15) at Ellora depicts the ten avatars of Lord Vishnu.
• There is the Rameshvara Cave (Cave 21) and Dhumar Lena Cave (Cave 29).
• There are total seventeen caves at Ellora that belong Hindu religion. They are numbered from thirteen to twenty-nine and date back to somewhere between 600 AD and 875 AD.

The correct answer is Barium.

Key Points 

• Barium chloride (green) is unstable at room temperatures, so barium must be combined with a more stable compound (e.g., chlorinated rubber).
• In this case, the chlorine is released in the heat of the burning of the pyrotechnic composition, to then form barium chloride and produce the green color.
• Copper chloride (blue), on the other hand, is unstable at high temperatures, so the firework cannot get too hot, yet must be bright enough to be seen.

Additional Information 

Here, we use the table given below:

Here, we check the logic in the given options one by one:

(1) KMOR →

(2) TVXZ →

(3) BDFH →

(4) HJLN →

Here, in KMOR the logic followed is different from the rest.

Hence, the correct answer is "KMOR".

Shortcut Trick

Total time = D_down / (B + S) + D_up / (B − S)

⇒ 7 = 56 / (B + 9) + 28 / (B − 9)

⇒ 1 = 8 / (B + 9) + 4 / (B − 9) (Dividing by 7 on both sides)

Checking the options, for B = 15 km/h: 8 / 24 + 4 / 6 = 1/3 + 2/3 = 1 (Equation satisfied)

∴ The correct answer is 15 km/h.

Alternate Method

Given:

Speed of stream (S) = 9 km/h

Distance downstream (D_d) = 56 km

Distance upstream (D_u) = 28 km

Total time (T) = 7 hours

Formula Used:

Time = Distance ÷ Speed

Total Time = D_d / (B + S) + D_u / (B − S)

Downstream: 56 km

Speed = B + 9
Upstream: 28 km

Speed = B − 9
Total Time = 7 hours

Calculations:

⇒ 56 / (B + 9) + 28 / (B − 9) = 7

⇒ 8 / (B + 9) + 4 / (B − 9) = 1

⇒ [8(B − 9) + 4(B + 9)] / [(B + 9)(B − 9)] = 1

⇒ 8B − 72 + 4B + 36 = B² − 81

⇒ 12B − 36 = B² − 81

⇒ B² − 12B − 45 = 0

⇒ B² − 15B + 3B − 45 = 0

⇒ B(B − 15) + 3(B − 15) = 0

⇒ (B − 15)(B + 3) = 0

⇒ B = 15 or B = −3

⇒ Since speed cannot be negative, B = 15 km/h.

∴ The correct answer is 15 km/h.

Additional Information

Downstream and Upstream Speeds

If the speed of a boat in still water is B and the speed of the stream is S, then downstream speed = B + S and upstream speed = B − S.

Finding Speed from Downstream & Upstream

Speed of boat in still water (B) = (Downstream Speed + Upstream Speed) ÷ 2 | Speed of stream (S) = (Downstream Speed − Upstream Speed) ÷ 2.

Average Speed

When a boat travels equal distances downstream and upstream, its average speed for the entire journey is given by (Downstream Speed × Upstream Speed) ÷ Speed of boat in still water.

The correct answer is Scattering.

Key Points

• The method of a rainbow's production doesn't include scattering.
• The phenomena of dispersion, refraction and internal reflection are involved in the production of a rainbow.
• A rainbow is a naturally occurring spectrum that develops after a downpour of rain (each drop of water functions as a tiny prism) as a result of the dispersion, refraction, and internal reflection of many colours.

Additional Information

• Dispersion
• ​The breaking of the light beam into its seven individual colours when it passes through any transparent medium is known as dispersion of light.
• Sir Isaac Newton described this phenomenon in the year 1666. He found that when sunlight travels through a glass prism, white light is composed of seven distinct colours kinds.
• Scattering
• ​The process of electromagnetic energy being reflected off of the atoms or molecules of the medium they are travelling through is known as a scattering of light. **Light scattering occurs when light is absorbed by the medium's molecules, which then reradiates the light in various directions.**​
• Refraction
• ​The phenomenon of light bending and moving from one transparent substance to another is known as the refraction of light.
• Total internal reflection
• ​Total refraction of a light ray from the surrounding surfaces back into a medium like glass or water. If the incidence angle exceeds a specific limitation angle known as the critical angle, the phenomenon will manifest.

The correct answer is Evaporation.

Key Points

• Evaporation is the process by which water changes from a liquid to a gas or vapor.
• In the water cycle, evaporation is driven by the heat energy from the sun.
• This process primarily occurs at the surface of bodies of water like oceans, lakes, and rivers.
• Evaporation is a crucial step in the water cycle, contributing to the formation of clouds and precipitation.
• It helps in regulating temperature and is essential for maintaining the earth's climate.

Additional Information

• Condensation
• Condensation is the process where water vapor becomes liquid.
• It occurs when the air is saturated with water vapor and cools down.
• This process is responsible for the formation of clouds and dew.
• Precipitation
• Precipitation includes various forms of water, such as rain, sleet, snow, and hail, that fall from the sky.
• It is a key component of the water cycle, returning water to the Earth's surface.
• Melting
• Melting is the process by which a solid turns into a liquid due to heat.
• In the context of the water cycle, it refers to the melting of ice and snow into liquid water.
• The Water Cycle
• The water cycle is a continuous process by which water circulates throughout the Earth and its atmosphere.
• It includes processes like evaporation, condensation, precipitation, infiltration, and runoff.
• This cycle is vital for sustaining life on Earth.

According to given figure:

The figure will appear when it is opened as follows:

Hence, the correct answer is "option (4)".

Shortcut Trick

Given that 4% of a number is equal to 72.

To find the total base value (100%), we can use direct scaling.

x = 72 × (100 ÷ 4)

x = 18 × 100 = 1800

∴ The correct answer is x = 1800.

Alternate Method

Given:

4% of x = 72

4%

72

x (100%) = ?

Formula Used:

Percentage × Base Value = Given Part Value

Calculation:

⇒ 4% of x = 72

⇒ (4 ÷ 100) × x = 72

⇒ x = 72 × (100 ÷ 4)

⇒ x = 72 × 25

⇒ x = 1800

∴ The correct answer is x = 1800.

Additional Information

Finding the Base Value

When a certain percentage of a number is known, the full base number (100%) can be found using the mathematical relation: Base = (Given Part Value × 100) ÷ Percentage.

Fraction to Percentage Equivalent

Percentages are fractions with a denominator of 100. For instance, 4% is mathematically equivalent to the fraction 4/100, which completely simplifies to 1/25 in its lowest terms.

Base Context in Percentage Calculation

The term 'of' in percentage problems denotes multiplication. The base value immediately following 'of' acts as the 100% reference point for all subsequent calculations.

Astronomical units is the distance between earth and the sun and is represented by the symbol A.

The correct answer is Mercury (Hg) – Greenockite.

• Cinnabar is an ore of Mercury (Hg).
• Cinnabar is an ore of Mercury (Hg) with chemical formula HgS.
• Cinnabar is a source of brilliant red pigment, called Vermilion.
• It consists of mercury sulphide and is bright scarlet to brick red in colour.

Additional Information 

• An Ore is a naturally occurring rock or mineral from which metals can be extracted.
• Calaverite is an ore of gold (Au).
• The chemical formula of Calaverite is AuTe2.
• It is also known as Gold Telluride.
• Aluminium ores are
• Bauxite.
• Cryolite.
• Corundum.
• Feldspar.
• Cobalt ores are
• Smelite.
• Cobaltite.
• Erythrite.

The logic followed here is:

Given Sequence: ABC_FG_JK_MOPQ_TUV_Y

Now, putting the letters in the blank spaces given in the option one by one:

Option 1) EHLRW → ABCE / FGHJ / KLMO / PQRT / UVWY

Option 2) DHLSX → ABCD / FGHJ / KLMO / PQST / UVXY

Option 3) DHLRW → ABCD / FGHJ / KLMO / PQRT / UVWY

Option 4) EHLRX → ABCE / FGHJ / KLMO / PQRT / UVXY

Hence, the correct answer is "EHLRW".

Given :

The principal is Rs. 19800 and the rate of interest is 6%. 

Time = 9 months = 9/12 = 3/4 years

Concept used :

Interest = (principal × interest rate × time)/100 

Calculations:

According to the question 

Interest = [19800 × 6 × (3/4)]/100  

⇒ Rs. 891

∴ The simple interest is Rs. 891

The correct answer is Karnprayag.

Key Points

Karnprayag

• Karnprayag is the place where Alkanda joins the Pindar river.
• It is said that Karna did the penance and thus, the name is derived from the name of Karna.
• Further, Karnaprayag is the place where Lord Krishna did the cremation of Karna.
• Karnaprayag has a huge religious significance and according to the Hindu epic, the Mahabharata, Karna practised penance here.
• Also, this is the same place where his father, the Sun God, blessed him with indestructible gear, namely kavacha (armour) and kundala (earrings).

The correct answer is Sodium Chloride.

Key Points

• Sodium chloride, commonly known as table salt, is an ionic compound with the chemical formula NaCl.
• In its edible form of table salt, it is commonly used as a condiment and food preservative.
• Sodium Chloride has a 1:1 ratio of sodium and chloride ions.
• With molar masses of 22.99 and 35.45 g/mol respectively, 100 g of NaCl contains 39.34 g Na and 60.66 g Cl.

Additional Information

• Sodium chloride is the salt most responsible for the salinity of seawater and of the extracellular fluid of many multicellular organisms.
• Large quantities of sodium chloride are used in many industrial processes, and it is a major source of sodium and chlorine compounds used as feedstocks for further chemical syntheses.
• A second major application of sodium chloride is de-icing of roadways in sub-freezing weather.

The number of squares in the above figure can be counted as :

Hence, option 3 is the correct answer.

Shortcut Trick

The Selling Price (SP) is the Marked Price (MP) minus the discount percentage.

⇒ SP = (100 − 4.2)% of MP

⇒ SP = 95.8% of 7895

⇒ SP = 7895 × 0.958 = 7563.41

∴ The correct answer is ₹7,563.41.

Alternate Method

Given:

Marked Price (MP) = ₹7,895

Discount offered = 4.2%

Formula Used:

Discount Amount = MP × (Discount% ÷ 100)

Selling Price (SP) = MP − Discount Amount

Selling Price (95.8%)
4.2%

SP = ₹7,563.41

Marked Price (100%) = ₹7,895

Discount
₹331.59

Calculations:

⇒ Discount Amount = 7895 × (4.2 ÷ 100)

⇒ Discount Amount = 7895 × 0.042 = 331.59

⇒ SP = 7895 − 331.59

⇒ SP = 7563.41

∴ The correct answer is ₹7,563.41.

Additional Information

Marked Price (MP)

The price printed on the label or tag of an article. Any discount offered by the seller is always calculated on the Marked Price.

Successive Discounts

If two successive discounts of a% and b% are given on an article, the single equivalent discount percentage is (a + b − ab ÷ 100)%.

Relation between CP and MP

When a discount is given on MP and profit is earned on the Cost Price (CP), the relation is: CP ÷ MP = (100 − Discount%) ÷ (100 + Profit%).

The correct answer is Bihar.

Key Points

• China and India are neighbouring countries.
• The Indian states that share land boundary with China are:
• Jammu and Kashmir
• Himachal Pradesh
• Uttrakhand
• Sikkim
• Arunachal Pradesh
• The entire Sino-Indian border is 3488 km long.
• The Indian administrative areas of Jammu and Kashmir fro Akai Chin are separated by a line known as Line of Actual Control (LAC) which is one of the disputed border areas between India and China.

 Thus, we can say that Bihar does not share land boundary with China.

Additional Information

• Bihar shares land boundary with Nepal.

The correct answer is Double displacement reaction.

Key Points

• In a double displacement reaction, the ions of two compounds exchange places in an aqueous solution to form two new compounds.
• This type of reaction generally occurs between two ionic compounds.
• The general formula for a double displacement reaction is AB + CD → AD + CB.
• These reactions are often characterized by the formation of a precipitate, a gas, or water.
• Double displacement reactions are also known as metathesis reactions.

Additional Information

• Decomposition Reaction
• In this reaction, a single compound breaks down into two or more simpler substances.
• It can be represented as AB → A + B.
• Addition Reaction
• Involves two or more substances combining to form a single product.
• This type of reaction is common in organic chemistry.
• Disproportionation Reaction
• It is a specific type of redox reaction in which a single substance is simultaneously oxidized and reduced.
• An example is the conversion of hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen.

Given: B, M, T, R, K, H and D are travelling in a train compartment with three tier sleeper berth.

Each of them has a different profession of engineer, doctor, architect, pharmacist, lawyer, journalist and pathologist. They occupy two lower berths, three middle berths and two upper berths. 

1) B, the engineer, is on the upper berth.

2) M and H are on the middle berth and their professions are pathologist and lawyer respectively.

3. T is a pharmacist who occupies the same type of berth as that of H.

4) D is neither a journalist nor an architect.

As D is neither a journalist nor an architect, therefore the only profession left for D is a doctor.

5) The architect is the only other person who occupies the same type of berth as that of B.

6) K occupies the same type of berth as that of the doctor.

As it is given that they occupy two lower berths, three middle berths and two upper berths and middle berth is full and one more person can be assigned upper berth i.e. the person who is an Architect, therefore the rest will occupy the lower berth.

Therefore, D occupies lower berth.

As D occupied Lower berth, therefore K also occupies lower berth. Thus, the left i.e. R will occupy Upper berth accordingly.

As the architect is the only other person who occupies the same type of berth as that of B and R occupies upper berth, therefore R is the Architect.

As assigning R profession only one profession is left i.e. Journalist which will be assigned to the only person left i.e. K.

Thus, according to the final arrangement K and D occupies lower berth.

Hence, "Option 4" is the correct answer.

Given:

The lengths of two parallel sides of a trapezium are 19 m and 23 m.

Height of the trapezium = 17 cm

Formula used:

The area of a trapezium = (1/2) × (sum of the parallel sides) × height

Calculations:

According to the question,

The area of the trapezium = (1/2) × (19 + 23) × 17 

⇒ The area of the trapezium = 357 m².

∴  The area of the trapezium is 357 m2.

Article 243ZH- States about the Definition of co-operative societies.

Key Points 

Argument 1 is effective.

Using mobile phones while riding may cause road accidents. Mobile phones divert your mind and drivers lose focus while driving. Due to carelessness the life of the driver as well as others come in danger. So, mobile phone must be banned while driving.

Argument 2 is not effective.

Using mobile phone while driving does not promote business. Also, not using mobile phones while driving does not hinder business. Moreover life is far important than business.

Hence, Argument 1 is effective.

Shortcut Trick

For any 3D object, the ratio of volumes is equal to the cube of the ratio of their linear dimensions.

Ratio of original radius to new radius = 1 : 3

Ratio of original volume to new volume = (1)³ : (3)³ = 1 : 27

∴ The correct answer is 1 : 27.

Alternate Method

Given:

Let the radius of the original sphere be r.

Since the radius is tripled, the radius of the new sphere will be 3r.

Formula Used:

Volume of a sphere = 4/3 × π × r³

r
Original Sphere

3r
New Sphere

Calculations:

⇒ Volume of original sphere (V₁) = 4/3 × π × r³

⇒ Volume of new sphere (V₂) = 4/3 × π × (3r)³

⇒ V₂ = 4/3 × π × 27r³

⇒ Ratio = V₁ : V₂ = (4/3 × π × r³) : (4/3 × π × 27r³)

⇒ Ratio = 1 : 27

∴ The correct answer is 1 : 27.

Additional Information

Surface Area of Sphere

The total surface area is given by A = 4 × π × r². The ratio of surface areas of two spheres is the square of the ratio of their radii.

Volume of Hemisphere

A hemisphere is exactly half of a full sphere. Its volume is V = 2/3 × π × r³.

Scale Factor Principle

For any two similar 3D geometric figures with a linear scale factor of k, the ratio of their corresponding areas is k² and the ratio of their volumes is k³.

The correct answer is 1948.

Key Points

• The first industrial policy statement of India is known as Industrial Policy Resolution.
• It was announced in the year 1948.
• It defined the role of the State in industrial development both as an entrepreneur and authority.
• Industrial Policy Resolution,1948 states that India is going to have a Mixed Economic Model.
• The Industries (Development and Regula­tion) Act was passed in 1951.
• It was passed to implement the Industrial Policy Resolution, 1948.

Additional Information

• India’s Industrial Policy classified industries into four broad areas:​
• Strategic Industries (Public Sector) -  It included in its ambit the manufacture of arms and ammunition, production and control of atomic energy and the ownership and management of railway transport. These industries became the exclusive monopoly of the Central government of India.
• Basic/Key Industries (Public-cum-Private Sector) - This included coal, iron and steel, aircraft manufacture, shipbuilding, manufacture of telephone, telegraphs and wireless apparatus, and mineral oils. New undertakings in this category could be started only by the state government.
• Important Industries (Controlled Private Sector) - This included industries of basic importance like machine tools, chemicals, fertilizers, non-ferrous metals, rubber manufacturers, cement, paper, newsprint, automobiles, electric engineering, etc. for which the Central Government would feel necessary to plan and regulate.
• Other Industries (Private and Cooperative Sector) - It included those industries which were left open to the private sector, individual as well as cooperative.

The correct answer is Option 4 : Make him realize your unbiased approach.

• Qualities Projected in this situation:  (Effective Intelligence, Self-confidence, Influencing ability, Sense of responsibility, and Speed of decision making).

Key Points

• Checklist for attempting SRT questions:

1. Read the question and options carefully.
2. Look for options that are realistic, optimistic, and reflect officer-like qualities.
3. Do not skip any situation.
4. Relegate the negative sentences and choose the most logical option among the remaining. As time is an important factor, hence your thinking ability should be swift.
5. React quickly and be logical.

Additional Information

Officer qualities:

Given:

Number of votes the winning candidate got = 80% of total votes

Winning candidate won by a majority = 360 votes.

Concept used:

In elections, majority is the difference between the number of votes got by the winning candidate and the number of votes got by the losing candidate.

Solution:

As winning candidate got 80% votes losing candidate must have got 20% of the total votes.

Let the total votes be x.

Number of votes got by winning candidate

= 80% of x 

= (80 / 100) × x 

= 4x / 5.

Number of votes got by losing candidate

= 20% of x

= (20 / 100) × x

= x / 5.

Difference between the number of votes got by winning and losing candidate gives the majority of votes

4x / 5 - x / 5 = 360

3x / 5 = 360

x = 600.

∴ 600 is the total number of votes polled in the election.

Shortcut Trick

Winning candidate got = 80% votes

Hence Loosing candidate will get = 100 - 80 = 20%

Difference between 2 candidates = 80 - 20 = 60%

 According to the question, 

60% = 360

⇒ 1% = 360/60 = 6

Total = 100% 

⇒ 100 × 6 = 600

∴ 600 is the total number of votes polled in the election.

The correct answer is Leh

Key Points

• The world's largest Khadi National Flag was installed at Leh.
• The flag measures a massive 225 feet by 150 feet and weighs around 1,000 kg.
• It was unveiled on October 2, 2021, to mark the 152^nd birth anniversary of Mahatma Gandhi.
• The flag is a symbol of India's rich heritage and the freedom struggle led by Mahatma Gandhi, who advocated the use of Khadi.
• It has been manufactured by Khadi and Village Industries Commission (KVIC).

Additional Information

• Leh is the joint capital and largest town of the union territory of Ladakh in India.
• It lies at an altitude of 3,524 meters (11,562 feet) and is known for its stunning landscapes, Buddhist monasteries, and vibrant culture.
• The installation of the Khadi flag in Leh is seen as a tribute to the Indian Army and a message of national pride and unity.
• The flag was hoisted by Lieutenant Governor of Ladakh, RK Mathur, in the presence of senior military officials and other dignitaries.
• The Khadi flag reinforces the importance of Khadi as a fabric of freedom and self-reliance, echoing the ideals of Mahatma Gandhi.

Given

Statement:

Sealed tenders are invited from competent bidders experienced in executing the delivery of electronics.

Conclusion I : According to given statement, tenders are invited from contractors experienced in executing bidders. So, conclusion I follows. Conclusion II : The availability of competent tenderers in executing the delivery of electronics is not mentioned. So, conclusion II does not follow. 

Hence, "If only conclusion I follows" is the correct answer.

Shortcut Trick

To find the Selling Price directly for a 10% profit, multiply the Cost Price by 110% (or 1.1).

SP = 110% of CP

SP = 1.1 × 520 = 572

∴ The correct answer is ₹572.

Alternate Method

Given:

Cost Price (CP) = ₹520

Profit Percentage = 10%

Formula Used:

Profit = (Profit % ÷ 100) × CP

Selling Price (SP) = CP + Profit

CP = ₹520

• 10%

SP = ?

Calculations:

⇒ Profit = (10 ÷ 100) × 520

⇒ Profit = 0.1 × 520 = 52

⇒ SP = CP + Profit

⇒ SP = 520 + 52

⇒ SP = 572

∴ The correct answer is ₹572.

Additional Information

Loss Calculation

Loss happens when the Selling Price is less than the Cost Price. Formula: Loss % = (Loss ÷ CP) × 100.

Marked Price and Discount

Discount is always offered on the Marked Price (MP) of an article. Formula: SP = MP − Discount.

Successive Percentage Change

If an article is sold at successive profits or losses of a% and b%, the effective change % = a + b + (a × b) ÷ 100.

The correct answer is K D Jadhav.

Key Points

• K D Jadhav was an Indian wrestler.
• He won a bronze medal in the Summer Olympics in 1952.
• He was awarded the Arjuna Award posthumously in 2001.
• Milkha Singh is an Indian athlete.
• He is known as 'The Flying Sikh'.
• He won four Gold medals in Asian games.
• Karnam Malleshwari is an Indian weightlifter.
• She was the first Indian woman to win a medal at the Olympics.
• She was awarded the Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna award.
• P.T Usha is one the most successful athlete , also known as 'The Golden Girl'.
• She won 4 gold medals in the Asian Games.

The statement "Better an 'oops' than a 'what if'" implies that it's better to make an attempt and possibly make a mistake (an "oops") than to never try at all and be left wondering "what if".

Considering this, we can infer that:

Assumption I: "You must try before giving up by seeing the problems." This assumption is implied. The statement encourages action and trying, even in the face of potential difficulties or problems, rather than avoiding action for fear of what might go wrong.

Assumption II: The statement suggests that even in case of failure, there is an opportunity for growth and learning. It implies that mistakes can serve as valuable lessons, broadening one's knowledge and experience to better tackle similar situations in the future.

So, both Assumptions I and II can be inferred from the statement, with slight adjustment to Assumption II for clarity.

Hence, the correct answer is "option 4".

Given:

Evaluate: (-9) - (-60) ÷ (-12) + (-3) × 9

Formula used:

Order of operations (PEMDAS/BODMAS): Parentheses, Exponents, Multiplication and Division (from left to right), Addition and Subtraction (from left to right).

Calculation:

(-9) - (-60) ÷ (-12) + (-3) × 9

⇒ (-9) - [(-60) ÷ (-12)] + (-3) × 9

⇒ (-9) - 5 + (-27)

⇒ - 9 -  5 -  27

⇒ - 41

∴ The correct answer is option (1).

The correct answer is Agargaon.

Key Points

• The Tungsten is obtained from Agargaon in Madhya Pradesh.
• Agargaon is situated in the Narmadapuram district of MP.
• Tungsten is a very rigid and heavy mineral.
• It has a high melting point.
• It is used in making filaments of bulbs, making TV, Radio, etc.
• It is also used in the steel industry(95%) because of its hardness.
• The chief ore is Wolfram

Additional Information

• The largest producer of Tungsten in India is Karnataka (42%).
• Followed by Rajasthan (27%) and Andhra Pradesh (17%).
• The largest producer of Tungsten in the world is China holding 69000 metric tonnes of this metal.

Important Points

• Narmadapuram 
• Earlier called Hoshangabad
• It was established by Hoshangh Shah in 1406.
• The mesolithic site Adamgarh is situated here.
• Pachmarhi, the only hill station of Madhya Pradesh, is located here.
• Satpura National Park was set up in 1983 in Narmadapuram.
• It is the top district in the country in wheat production per hectare

As 2018 was not a leap year, next year the same date will come on 1 day after the preceding year's day.

The no.of odd days in ordinary year is 1 odd day 

1 ordinary year = 365 days = 52 weeks + 1 day.

As on 1 January, 2018 it was Monday, on 1 January, 2019 it will be Monday + 1 odd day which was Tuesday.

Hence on 1 January, 2019 it was Tuesday.

Thus, the correct answer is 'Tuesday'.