MP Police Constable : (22 Nov 2025, Shift 1 and Shift 2) Memory-Based Paper (Previous Year Paper)

The correct answer is Fifth.

Key Points

• Fifth Five-Year Plan
• The Fifth Five-year Plan emphasized the ‘removal of poverty and attainment of self-reliance.
• The fifth Five Year Plan duration was 1974 to 1978. This plan focussed on Garibi Hatao, employment, justice, agricultural production, and defense.
• This plan was terminated in 1978 by the newly elected Moraji Desai government.
• The Electricity Supply Act was amended in 1975, a Twenty-point program was launched in 1975, the Minimum Needs Programme (MNP), and the Indian National Highway System was introduced. ​

Additional Information

• Planning Commission
• Planning Commission was set up on 15 March 1950 and the plan era started from 1 April 1951 with the launching of the First Five Year Plan (1951-56).
• The term economic planning is used to describe the long-term plans of the government of India to develop and coordinate the economy with the efficient utilization of resources.
• Economic planning in India started after independence, in the year 1950 when it was deemed necessary for the economic growth and development of the nation.

Confusion Points

• In the Fourth five-year plan removal of poverty and attainment of self-reliance were set.
• While in the fifth five-year plan it was implemented.
• According to the official answer key of SSC CPO, fifth five-year plan is the correct answer.

The correct answer is Gustatory receptors

Explanation:

• Receptors are the organs or cells which respond to light, heat or external stimulus and transmit the signal to the sensory nerve.
• Gustatory receptors are the receptors for detecting taste.
• Sensory receptors - These are broad categories of receptors responsible for converting external stimuli from the environment into internal electrical impulses that can be interpreted by the nervous system. Sensory receptors can be classified based on the type of stimulus they detect, such as mechanoreceptors for touch, thermoreceptors for temperature, and photoreceptors for light.
• Chemical receptors - This term usually refers to receptors that detect chemical substances. It can encompass a wider range of receptor types, including those involved in taste (gustatory receptors), smell (olfactory receptors), and even some internal bodily functions (such as chemoreceptors that monitor carbon dioxide levels in the blood).
• Olfactory receptors - These are specific to the sense of smell. Olfactory receptors are located in the olfactory epithelium, part of the nasal cavity, and are responsible for detecting odorous compounds in the air.

The image obtained when the paper is unfolded is,

Hence, option 1 is the correct answer.

Given:

Speed of Bus without stoppage is 54 km/h and with stoppage is 45 km/h

Concept:

Stoppage Time = Speed difference/speed of with stoppage

Calculation:

The speed of a bus with stoppages  = 45 km/hr

The speed of  a bus without stoppages = 54 km/hr

Speed difference = 54 - 45 

⇒ 9 km/hr

Stoppage Time = Speed difference/speed of without stoppage

⇒ 9/54 hours = 1/6 hr

⇒ (1/6)× 60 = 10 min.

∴ The bus stop 10 min in one hours.

• The national tree is Bhutan Cypress.
• The official language of Bhutan is Dzongkha.
• The capital of Bhutan is Thimphu.
• The national animal is Takin (cattle chamois or gnu goat)
• The national bird is Common Raven
• The national flower is Blue poppy.
• The national sport is Archery.

The correct answer is Golgi body.

Explanation:-

The Golgi apparatus, also known as the Golgi body or Golgi complex, acts as the "traffic police" of the cell by processing, sorting, and packaging proteins and lipids into vesicles for transportation to their final destinations within or outside the cell.

Structure: The Golgi apparatus consists of a series of flattened membrane-bound sacs called cisternae, which are stacked on top of each other.

Function: The Golgi apparatus performs several important functions:

a) Protein Modification: Proteins synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) undergo further modification in the Golgi apparatus. This includes adding carbohydrates (glycosylation), cleaving off signal sequences, and attaching other molecules to proteins.

b) Sorting and Packaging: The Golgi apparatus sorts proteins and lipids into vesicles and directs them to their appropriate destinations. It determines whether proteins should be secreted from the cell, sent to other cellular organelles, or incorporated into the cell membrane.

c) Formation of Lysosomes: The Golgi apparatus is involved in the formation of lysosomes, which are membrane-bound organelles containing digestive enzymes. Lysosomes are responsible for breaking down cellular waste, foreign particles, and damaged organelles through a process called autophagy.

Importance: The Golgi apparatus plays a crucial role in maintaining cellular homeostasis and ensuring proper cellular function. Its functions are essential for protein trafficking, secretion, and the processing of molecules involved in various cellular processes.

Conclusion:-In summary, the Golgi apparatus is often referred to as the "traffic police" of the cell because of its role in processing, sorting, and packaging molecules for transport within the cell and to other cellular destinations. It acts as a central hub for intracellular trafficking and is essential for maintaining cellular organization and function.

Given series: (Left) Q A Y S R E Z I L X B O P A R D I H O U K (Right)

Required pattern: Vowel → Consonant → Vowel

So, There are 3 consonants are there, each of which is immediately preceded by a vowel and also immediately followed by a vowel.

Hence, "Option 3" is the correct answer.

Given:

Time taken by the train to cross the pole = 13 seconds

Time taken by the train to cross the man = 11.7 seconds

Concept used:

Relative speed in opposite direction = Speed of object 1 + Speed of object 2

Distance = Speed × Time

Calculation:

Let the speed of the train be x m/sec.

In both cases, the train covers equal distance.

According to the question,

13x = 11.7(x + 5)

⇒ 13x = 11.7x + 58.5

⇒ 1.3x = 58.5

⇒ x = 45 m/sec

∴ The speed of the train is 45 m/sec.

Shortcut Trick

Concept used:

When the distance traveled is constant, time is inversely proportional to speed/relative.

13/11.7 = (x + 5)/x

⇒ 10/9 = (x + 5)/x

⇒ 10x = 9x + 45

⇒ 10x - 9x = 45.

∴ The speed of the train is 45 m/sec.

The correct answer is Bibi Ka Maqbara.

Key Points

Bibi Ka Maqbara

• Bibi ka Maqbara is a tomb situated in Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India.
• It was commissioned in 1660 by the Mughal emperor Aurangzeb in remembrance of his first and chief wife Dilras Banu Begum (posthumously known as Rabia-ud-Daurani) and is considered to be a symbol of Aurangzeb's "conjugal devotion".
• Bibi Ka Maqbara is the second major structure that Aurangzeb has built, the largest being the Badshahi Mosque.

Additional InformationMoth Ki Masjid

• Moth Ki Masjid is a heritage building located in Delhi.
• It was built in 1505 by Wazir Miya Bhoiya, Prime Minister during the reign of Sikander Lodi (1489–1517) of the Lodi dynasty.
• It was a new type of mosque developed by the Lodis in the fourth city of the medieval Delhi of the Delhi Sultanate.
• The name of the mosque literally translated into the English language means ‘Lentil Mosque’.
• This mosque was considered a beautiful Dome (Gumbad) structure of the period.

Quwwat-ul-Islam Mosque

• It is in the Qutb Minar enclosure of Delhi.
• The initial construction was built by Qutb-ud-din Aibak.
• It is built of red sandstone, grey quartz, and white marble.
• The expansion of the mosque continued after the death of Qutb.
• Just to the west of the expanded mosque, Iltutmish built his own tomb, the first to be erected for the Delhi Sultanate.

Alai Darwaza

• Alai Darwaza is the southern gateway of the Quwwat-ul-Islam Mosque in the Qutb complex, Delhi.
• It was built in 1311.
• Alai Darwaza was built by Alauddin Khilji as a gateway leading to the extension of Quwat-ul-Islam.
• It was built in order to give a beautiful look to the Qutub Minar complex.
• Beautiful Islamic cravings are done in Alai Darwaza.
• It has a special significance in Indo-Islamic architecture as the first monument to be built using Islamic methods of construction and ornamentation.
• It is a world heritage site.

The correct answer is Propene.

Key Points

• Propene is a hydrocarbon with the chemical formula C3H6.
• It belongs to the alkene group of hydrocarbons, which are characterized by having at least one double bond between carbon atoms.
• Propene consists of a three-carbon chain with a double bond between the first and second carbon atoms.
• It is used as a precursor in the production of polypropylene, a plastic material used in various applications.
• Propene is also involved in the production of chemicals like acetone and propylene oxide.

Additional Information

• Hydrocarbons
• Hydrocarbons are organic compounds composed exclusively of carbon and hydrogen atoms.
• They are divided into different categories such as alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes based on the types of bonds between carbon atoms.
• Alkenes
• Alkenes are hydrocarbons that contain at least one carbon-carbon double bond (C=C).
• They follow the general formula CnH2n.
• Alkenes are also known as olefins.
• Propylene Production
• Propylene is produced primarily through the cracking of petroleum hydrocarbons during the refining process.
• Steam cracking and fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) are common methods for producing propylene.
• Applications of Propylene
• Propylene is a key raw material in the production of polymers such as polypropylene.
• It is also used in the manufacture of industrial chemicals like isopropanol, acrylonitrile, and propylene oxide.

The pattern followed in the given series is:

     The difference between the terms is the double of the previous difference.

Hence the correct answer is option 1)

Given:

A, B and C can do work in 12, 15, and 20 days respectively

Formula Used:

Total work = Efficiency × Time taken

Calculation:

Total work = 60 units (LCM of 12, 15, 20)

⇒ Efficiency of A = 60/12 = 5 units/day

⇒ Efficiency of B = 60/15 = 4 units/day

⇒ Efficiency of C = 60/20 = 3 units/day

4 day's work = (5 + 4 + 3) × 4 = 48

Remaining work = (60 - 48)/60

⇒ 1/5

The remaining work is 1/5.

The correct answer is Our blood exerts a pressure slightly more than that of the atmosphere.

• We do not feel uneasy even under the enormous atmospheric pressure because the blood in our body exerts blood pressure that is slightly more than atmospheric pressure.

Additional Information

• The air around you has weight, and it presses against everything it touches. That pressure is called atmospheric pressure, or air pressure.
• The standard, or near-average, atmospheric pressure at sea level on the Earth is 1013.25 millibars or about 14.7 pounds per square inch.
• The gauge pressure in my automobile tires is a little more than twice that value.
• Air pressure is caused by the weight of the air molecules above. Even tiny air molecules have some weight, and the huge numbers of air molecules that make up the layers of our atmosphere collectively have a great deal of weight, which presses down on whatever is below.
• 1 atmospheric pressure is equal to 10.33 meters underwater. 1 atmospheric pressure = 1.01325 bar. For underwater pressure is defined by this equation, P = density of water * gravitational acceleration * height under water.

The correct answer is option 4, i.e Altimeter.

Key Points

• An altimeter is an instrument used to measure altitudes in aircraft.
• The altimeter was invented by Louis Paul Cailletet.
• The measurement of altitude using altimeter is called altimetry.
• Actinometer is the instrument used to measure the heating power of radiation.
• Ceilometer is the instrument used to measure the aerosol concentration within the atmosphere.
• The accelerometer is the instrument used to measure the acceleration forces.

Implicit means suggested in an indirect way.

I. People will be able to note the number when they notice the bus is driven rashly.

The assumption is implicit. Assumption I is a necessary prerequisite for the action requested in the statement; if people cannot note the number, the instruction to call is meaningless.

II. The authorities believe that some people will take the trouble of noting down the number and making a call when they see the bus is being driven rashly.

The assumption is implicit. The statement implies that the authorities believe people will act upon seeing the sticker.

Hence, Both I and II are implicit.

Given

\(\frac{cot^3 A - 1}{cot A - 1}\)

Formula used

a³ - b³ = (a - b)(a² + ab + b²)

cosec²A = cot2A +1

Calculation

⇒ cot³A - 1³ = (CotA - 1)(cot²A + cotA + 12)

⇒ (cot3A - 1³)/(cotA - 1) = (CotA - 1)(cot2A + cotA + 12)/(cotA - 1)

⇒ (cot2A + cotA + 12)

⇒ cosec2A + cotA

The answer is cosec2A + cotA.

The correct answer is ​All of the above.

• It is the bureaucratic task to scrutinize all the things like implementing policies, Administration, etc.

Key Points

• Civil Service or the bureaucracy constitutes the professionals who are permanent and salaried employees that are a neighborhood of the government’s executive organ.
• They are politically neutral and their main job is to facilitate the effective working of different government departments and policy implementations.
• Bureaucracy sets its own guidelines for the implementation of Policies for the sake of build up the state.
• Every nation in some form or the other is run by Bureaucrats.
• Every function of the Government is carried out under the supervision of these elected officials.

The correct answer is inner membrane.

Key Points

• Mitochondria are made up of two membranes: the outer and inner mitochondrial membranes.
• The inner mitochondrial membrane is folded several times to form cristae and contains F0-F1 particles, which are the electron transport system's particles.
• The inner membrane is likewise densely packed with proteins involved in ATP generation, and here is frequently where ATP is produced.
• Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is the energy currency for cellular processes. ATP provides energy for both energy-consuming endergonic reactions and energy-releasing exergonic reactions, which require a small input of energy.

The logic followed here is :-

• MOVE : QLGU

Similarly,

• CALM :

Hence, the correct answer is "CBOK".

Follow BODMAS rule to solve this question, as per the order given below,

**Step-1-**Parts of an equation enclosed in 'Brackets' must be solved first,

**Step-2-**Any mathematical 'Of' or 'Exponent' must be solved next,

**Step-3-**Next, the parts of the equation that contains 'Division' and 'Multiplication' are calculated,

**Step-4-**Last but not least, the parts of the equation that contains 'Addition' and 'Subtraction' should be calculated.

Given expression:

572 + 38 × 0.5 = ? + 10

⇒ ? + 10 = 572 + 19

⇒ ? = 591 – 10

⇒ ? = 581

Hence, the required number in place of question mark is 581.

The correct answer is Migrant workers.

Key Points

• Navjeevan Yojana was aimed to provide employment in villages to migrant workers.
• This scheme aimed to help them stay in villages only that are willing to migrate to cities in search of employment.
• Under this scheme, the government is providing land and commercial space within their villages at a very nominal price.

Additional Information

• Madhya Pradesh Grameen Rojgar Guarantee Yojana was started on 2^nd February 2006.
• Initially, this scheme was started in 18 districts of Madhya Pradesh.
• Under this scheme, 100 days of guaranteed work was provided and 60 Rs. Per day was provided to workers.
• On 18 March 2021, Shivraj Singh Chauhan, chief minister of Madhya Pradesh, and Narendra Singh Tomar, Union Minister, Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers welfare jointly launched the Mission Gramodaya for the development of villages in MP.
• Swawlamban Yojana was aimed to help unemployed youths of SC/ST.
• The scheme helps them by providing loan, for shops, complexes.

Avogadro’s Law states that equal volume of all gases under the same conditions of temperature and pressure contain an equal number of molecules.

• It is an experimental gas law, which relates the volume of a gas to the amount of gas present.
• For example equivalent quantities of molecular hydrogen and nitrogen, when they are at the same temperature and pressure, contain the same number of molecules and exhibit ideal gas behavior.
• Ohm's law: Relation between the voltage and current at a constant temperature.
• Charle's law: a law stating that the volume of an ideal gas at constant pressure is directly proportional to the absolute temperature.
• Boyle's Law: the relation between volume and pressure of a gas at a constant temperature.

The paper when unfolded will appear as shown below:

Hence, 'option 1' is the correct answer.

Solution:

Given:

1600 + 60 × 2 + 300 = ?

Concept used:

Follow the BODMAS rule according to the table given below:

Calculation:

⇒ 1600 + 60 × 2 + 300

⇒ 1600 + 120 + 300

⇒ 2020

∴ The simplified value of 1600 + 60 × 2 + 300 is 2020

The correct answer is Great Britain and France.

Key Points

• The Seven Years' War (1756–1763) was a global conflict between Great Britain and France for global pre-eminence.
• Britain, France and Spain fought with land-based armies and naval forces in Europe and abroad, while Prussia sought to expand territorially and consolidate its power in Europe.
• The long-standing colonial rivalry pitting Britain against France and Spain in North America and the Caribbean islands was largely fought with dire consequences.

Additional Information

• The Quasi-War, which at the time was also known as "The Undeclared War with France," the "Pirate Wars," and the "Half War," was an undeclared naval war between the United States and France.
• The conflict lasted between 1798 and 1800 and was a formative moment for the United States.
• The French invasion of Russia, also known as the Russian campaign, the Second Polish War, and the Patriotic War of 1812, was begun by Napoleon Bonaparte to force Russian Empire back into the continental blockade of the United Kingdom.
• Anglo-Russian hostilities were limited primarily to minor naval actions in the Baltic Sea and Barents Sea.

The correct answer is Activation energy gets affected.

• A catalyst is a substance that changes the rate of a chemical reaction but is chemically unchanged at the end of the reaction.
• Catalysts typically speed up a reaction by reducing the activation energy or changing the reaction mechanism.
• Enzymes are proteins that act as catalysts in biochemical reactions.

Key Points

• Catalysts play an important part in many chemical processes.
• They increase the rate of reaction, are not consumed by the reaction and are only needed in very small amounts.
• Particles stick onto the surface of the catalyst (called adsorption) and then move around, so they are more likely to collide and react.
• A good example is a way the platinum catalyst in a car’s catalytic converter works to change toxic carbon monoxide into less-toxic carbon dioxide.
• In this process, a catalyst first combines with a chemical to make a new compound.
• This new compound is unstable, so it breaks down, releasing another new compound and leaving the catalyst in its original form.

Additional Information

• A chemical reaction involves a chemical change, which happens when two or more particles (which can be molecules, atoms or ions) interact.
• For example, when iron and oxygen react, they change to a new substance, iron oxide (rust).
• Iron oxide has different chemical properties from iron and oxygen.
• This is different from a physical change. For example, water can turn to ice, but ice is still water in another physical state – ice and water have the same chemical properties.

The least possible Venn diagram for the given statements is as shown below :

Conclusions:

(I) Some papers are clothes → True (As Some papers are tables and All tables are clothes so, Some papers are clothes is true)

(II) Some ropes are clothes → True (As Some ropes are tables and All tables are clothes so, Some ropes are clothes is true)

(III) No cloth is a rope → False (As Some ropes are tables and All tables are clothes so, No cloth is a rope is false)

(IV) No paper is a rope → False (it is possible but not definite)

∴ Here, conclusions I and II are true.

Hence, the correct answer is "Only conclusions I, II follow".

Given:

The ratio of two numbers = 5 : 4

First number × 40% = 120

Calculation:

Let common factor of the numbers be x then numbers be 5x and 4x

According to question,

5x × 40% = 120

⇒ 5x × 40/100 = 120 

⇒ x = 60 

First number 5x = 5 × 60 = 300 

Second number = 4x = 4 × 60 = 240

60% of second number = 240 × 60/100

⇒ 60% of second number = 144

∴ 60% of second number is 144.

Shortcut Trick

The ratio of two numbers = 5 : 4

⇒ 40% of first ratio = 5 × 40/100 = 2

2 → 120

1 → 60

5 × 1 → 5 × 60 = 300

4 × 1 → 4 × 60 = 240

So, 60% of 240 = 240 × 60/100 = 144

∴ 60% of second number is 144.

The correct answer is Ukraine.

Key Points

• The black sea is a marginal sea of the Atlantic Ocean is located between Eastern Europe and Western Asia
• Neighboring Countries
• it bordered by six countries

1. Romania and Bulgaria- West
2. Ukraine, Russia, and Georgia - North, and East
3. Turkey to the- South.

• Black sea drains into the Mediterranean sea, via the Aegean Sea
• Bosphorous Strait connects it to the Sea of Marmara.
• Black sea is the world's largest body of water with a meromictic basin, a meromictic lake has layers of water that do not intermix.

Concept: 

• Taxonomy is the branch of science that deals with the identification, naming, and classification of organisms.
• The technique or procedure which helps in taxonomy is known as taxonomical aid.

​

​​Explanation:

• The key is analytical taxonomical aid which helps in the identification of plants and animals based on their similarities and dissimilarities.
• The contrasting characteristics placed in pairs in the taxonomic keys are called couplets.
• After the study of the organism, the contrasting characteristics that match the organisms are chosen.
• This means out of the two contrasting pairs one is chosen.
• Each statement in the particular key is called a lead.

Therefore, the correct answer is option 4.

Given:

Statement:

Students have complained that questions outside the prescribed syllabus were asked in the X standard board exams this year.

Conclusion:

Arguments:

I. The pass percentage in the X standard board exams has declined by 8 percent this year. True : As the question were outside the prescribed syllabus , so there is possibility that students will score    less marks and pass percentage will decrease , Hence this argument strengthens the statemen.

II. This number of students scoring over 60 percent in the X standard board exams has shown an increase of 15 percent this year. False:  As the question were outside the prescribed syllabus , so      there is possibility that students will score  less marks but here the pass percentage is increasing so this case weakens the statement.

Thus the correct answer is 'Argument II weakens, while argument I strengthens the statement ' .

Shortcut Trick

When the Principal and Rate of interest are the same, Simple Interest is directly proportional to Time.

SI ∝ T

Ratio of SI = T₁ : T₂

Ratio of SI = 4 : 6

Ratio of SI = 2 : 3

∴ The correct answer is 2 : 3.

Alternate Method

Given:

Let the Principal = P

Let the Rate of Interest = R% p.a.

Time period 1 (T₁) = 4 years

Time period 2 (T₂) = 6 years

Formula Used:

Simple Interest (SI) = (P × R × T) ÷ 100

Calculations:

⇒ Simple Interest for 4 years (SI₁) = (P × R × 4) ÷ 100

⇒ Simple Interest for 6 years (SI₂) = (P × R × 6) ÷ 100

⇒ Ratio = SI₁ : SI₂

⇒ Ratio = [(P × R × 4) ÷ 100] : [(P × R × 6) ÷ 100]

⇒ Ratio = 4 : 6

⇒ Ratio = 2 : 3

∴ The correct answer is 2 : 3.

Additional Information

Simple Interest Concept

Simple Interest is calculated only on the initial principal sum. The interest earned every year remains constant. Formula: SI = (P × R × T) ÷ 100.

Proportionality Rules in SI

When Principal and Rate are fixed, SI is directly proportional to Time. Similarly, when Principal and Time are fixed, SI is directly proportional to the Rate.

Sum Doubling Time

For a sum to double itself under simple interest, the accumulated interest must be equal to the principal amount. The required time can be found directly using T = 100 ÷ R.

Amount Calculation

The total accumulated amount at the end of the time period is the sum of the Principal and Simple Interest. Formula: A = P(1 + (R × T) ÷ 100).

The correct answer is Arunachal Pradesh.

Key Points

• The Provinces of India having normal lines with Myanmar are Mizoram, Manipur, Nagaland and Arunachal Pradesh.
• India and Myanmar share a 1,643 km unfenced line along Arunachal Pradesh (520 km), Nagaland (215 km), Manipur (398 km), and Mizoram (510 km) and grant a 'free development' system up to 16 km past the boundary.
• The line is 1,643 kilometers long and runs from the tripoint with China in the north to the tripoint with Bangladesh in the south.

Additional Information

• ​The Assam state imparts global lines to Bangladesh and the Realm of Bhutan.
• Sikkim is surrounded by three different worldwide limits. To its, West lies Nepal and Bhutan, to its East the Tibet Independent District of the Individuals' Republic of China, and to its South, Darjeeling Gorkha Slope Gathering of West Beng.
• West Bengal is lined by the nations of Bangladesh, Nepal, and Bhutan, and the Indian territories of Odisha, Jharkhand, Bihar, Sikkim, and Assam.

• Hooke's Law of Elasticity states that the compression or elongation of spring by some distance (x) is directly proportional to the force (F) or load that is applied to it.
• This law is expressed mathematically as

           F_s = -kx

           where F_s is the restoring force           

           k is the constant of proportionality or the spring constant, x is the distance of elongation or compression, and the negative sign signifies that the direction of the restoring force is opposite to that of the applied force.

The logic followed here is :- (6) is added to the position value according to the English alphabetic series.

​So,

Hence, the correct answer is "VTS".​

Shortcut Trick

For a Direct Common Tangent (DCT), the relationship between distance (d), radii (R, r), and length (L) is a Pythagorean triplet formed by L, (R − r), and d.

Difference in radii = 20 − 4 = 16 cm

Length of tangent = 30 cm

Distance (d) = √[30² + 16²]

d = √[900 + 256] = √1156 = 34 cm

∴ The correct answer is 34 cm.

Alternate Method

Given:

Radius of larger circle (R) = 20 cm

Radius of smaller circle (r) = 4 cm

Length of direct common tangent (DCT) = 30 cm

Formula Used:

Length of DCT = √[d² − (R − r)²]

Where d is the distance between the centers.

Calculations:

⇒ 30 = √[d² − (20 − 4)²]

⇒ 30 = √[d² − 16²]

Squaring both sides:

⇒ 30² = d² − 16²

⇒ 900 = d² − 256

⇒ d² = 900 + 256

⇒ d² = 1156

⇒ d = √1156

⇒ d = 34 cm

∴ The correct answer is 34 cm.

Additional Information

Transverse Common Tangent (TCT)

The length of the transverse common tangent is given by TCT = √[d² − (R + r)²], where the tangent crosses the line joining the centers.

Tangent Properties

A tangent is always perpendicular to the radius at the point of contact, and for two non-intersecting circles, there are 2 direct and 2 transverse common tangents.

Special Case: Touching Circles

If two circles touch externally, the distance between centers d = R + r. In this case, the length of the DCT becomes 2√(R × r).

The correct answer is 22 September.

• World Rhino Day is celebrated every year on September 22.

Key Points

• The day provides an opportunity to work towards saving the animal, which has been the target of poachers for decades.
• Rhino horns are in great demand in many southeast Asian countries like China, Vietnam, Malaysia, and Korea.
• The Chinese use it as an aphrodisiac and to make traditional medicines with it.
• More than ever, rhinos need care and conservation now.
• Organizations and non-profit groups across the world are engaging in anti-poaching measures.
• India is home to the Greater Indian One-Horned Rhino commonly found in Assam and in neighboring Nepal and Bhutan.
• The rhinos prefer tall grasslands and forests in the foothills of the Himalayas.

The correct answer is Eyes.

Key Points

• Uveitis is a form of eye inflammation. It affects the middle layer of tissue in the eyewall (uvea).​
• Uveitis warning signs often come on suddenly and get worse quickly. They include eye redness, pain, and blurred vision.
• The type of uveitis you have depends on which part or parts of the eye are inflamed:
• ​Anterior uveitis affects the inside of the front of your eye (between the cornea and the iris) and the ciliary body. It is also called iritis and is the most common type of uveitis.
• Intermediate uveitis affects the retina and blood vessels just behind the lens (pars plana) as well as the gel in the center of the eye (vitreous).
• Posterior uveitis affects a layer on the inside of the back of your eye, either the retina or the choroid.
• Panuveitis occurs when all layers of the uvea are inflamed, from the front to the back of your eye.

Additional Information

• Other problems related to eyes are:
• Eyestrain
• Red Eyes
• Night Blindness
• Lazy Eye
• Cross Eyes (Strabismus) and Nystagmus
• Colorblindness
• Presbyopia
• Dry Eyes
• Cataracts
• Glaucoma
• Retinal Disorders
• Corneal Diseases.
• Diseases related to the Brain are:
• Alzheimer’s Disease
• Dementias
• Brain Cancer
• Epilepsy and Other Seizure Disorders
• Mental Disorders
• Parkinson’s and Other Movement Disorders
• Stroke and Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA).

Given:

Five friends Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Rho and Theta are arranged  in a row facing north.

1) Beta sits at left end of the row.

2) Alpha sits immediate next to the Beta and Rho sits second to the right of Beta.

3) Only two people are sitting between Alpha and Gamma.

4. Remaining space is occupied by Theta

Therefore, Theta sits Rho and Gamma.

Hence, "Option 3" is the correct answer.

Shortcut Trick

Downstream speed = 40 ÷ 5 = 8 km/h

Upstream speed = 40 ÷ 8 = 5 km/h

Speed in still water = (Downstream speed + Upstream speed) ÷ 2

⇒ (8 + 5) ÷ 2 = 6.5 km/h

∴ The correct answer is 6.5 km/h.

Alternate Method

Given:

Distance covered upstream and downstream (d) = 40 km

Time taken upstream (t_u) = 8 hours

Time taken downstream (t_d) = 5 hours

Formula Used:

Speed = Distance ÷ Time

Speed in still water = (Downstream Speed + Upstream Speed) ÷ 2

Downstream (With stream)
Distance = 40 km, Time = 5 h → Speed = 8 km/h

Upstream (Against stream)
Distance = 40 km, Time = 8 h → Speed = 5 km/h

Speed in still water = (8 + 5) ÷ 2 = 6.5 km/h

Calculations:

⇒ Downstream Speed (S_d) = 40 ÷ 5 = 8 km/h

⇒ Upstream Speed (S_u) = 40 ÷ 8 = 5 km/h

⇒ Speed in still water = (S_d + S_u) ÷ 2

⇒ Speed in still water = (8 + 5) ÷ 2

⇒ Speed in still water = 13 ÷ 2 = 6.5 km/h

∴ The correct answer is 6.5 km/h.

Additional Information

Speed Downstream (S_d)

It is the speed of the boat when travelling in the same direction as the stream. Formula: S_d = Speed of boat in still water + Speed of stream.

Speed Upstream (S_u)

It is the speed of the boat when travelling against the direction of the stream. Formula: S_u = Speed of boat in still water − Speed of stream.

Speed of Stream

The velocity of the current or river can be calculated directly if downstream and upstream speeds are known using the formula: Speed of stream = (S_d − S_u) ÷ 2.

The correct answer is Mahalwari system.

Key Points

• In India, the Mahalwari system is utilised to safeguard local autonomy.
• Holt Mackenzie was the first to introduce it in 1822. Mahal, which means house, district, neighbourhood, or sector in Hindi, is the source of the name "Mahalwari."
• Landlords or Nambardars were designated to represent villages or groups of villages in Mahalwari.
• The landlords were jointly responsible for the payment of taxes to the village communities. In sections of Uttar Pradesh, the North-Western province, Central India, and Punjab, this system was dominant.
• Holt Mackenzie was a British colonial administrator in India.
• In July 1807, he was hired as an East India Company writer and advanced quickly through the ranks until he retired to England in 1831.
• He was influential in the establishment of the Mahalwari system of land revenue in India.

Important Points

• The Ryotwari system, instituted by Thomas Munro in British India, allowed the government to deal directly with the cultivator ('ryot') for revenue collection and granted peasants the freedom to relinquish or purchase more land for cultivation.
• Under his Permanent Settlement Act, Lord Cornwallis, who was governor-general of India from 1786 to 1793, instituted the Zamindari System.
• The East India Company, led by Governor-General Lord Cornwallis, implemented the Permanent Settlement of Bengal in 1793.

CONCEPT: 

• Electromagnetic spectrum: It is a collection of a range of different waves in sequential order from radio to gamma electromagnetic waves.

EXPLANATION:

• Radar is an acronym for Radio Detection and Ranging.  The term "radio" refers to the use of electromagnetic waves with wavelengths in the so-called radio wave portion of the spectrum, which covers a wide range from 10⁴ km to 1 cm.
• It is basically an electromagnetic system used to detect the location and distance of an object from the point where the RADAR is placed.
• It works by radiating energy into space and monitoring the echo or reflected signal from the objects.
• Due to their short wavelengths, microwaves are suitable for the radar systems used in aircraft navigation.
• Radar also provides the basis for the speed guns used to time fastballs, tennis serves, and automobiles

Given: 12 October 1997 was a Saturday.

Number of leap years = 3 (2000, 2004, 2008)

Therefore, number of odd days = 3 × 2 = 6

Non leap years = 8 (1998, 1999, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2005, 2006, and 2007)

Therefore, number of odd days = 8 × 1 = 8

Total odd days = 6 + 8

= 14

Now, 14 ÷ 7 = 2

⇒ No remainder.

⇒ 12 October 2008 will be the same day as on 12 October 1997.

Hence, Saturday is the correct answer.

Shortcut Trick

Let Income = 100, then Savings = 8 and Expenditure = 92.

New Income = 116 (16% increase); Savings remains constant = 8.

New Expenditure = 116 − 8 = 108.

Expenditure increase = 108 − 92 = 16.

% Increase = (16 ÷ 92) × 100 ≈ 17.39%.

∴ The correct answer is 17.3%.

Alternate Method

Given:

Initial Savings = 8% of Income

Income increase = 16%

Savings change = 0% (remains the same)

Formula Used:

Income = Expenditure + Savings

Calculations:

⇒ Let initial Income = 100x

⇒ Initial Savings = 8x

⇒ Initial Expenditure = 100x − 8x = 92x

⇒ New Income = 100x + 16% of 100x = 116x

⇒ New Savings = 8x (given as same)

⇒ New Expenditure = 116x − 8x = 108x

⇒ Increase in Expenditure = 108x − 92x = 16x

⇒ Percentage increase = (16x ÷ 92x) × 100

⇒ Percentage increase = (4 ÷ 23) × 100 ≈ 17.39%

∴ The correct answer is 17.3%.

Additional Information

Income Expenditure Relation

The fundamental relation is Income = Expenditure + Savings. Any change in one component must be balanced by the others.

Constant Savings Rule

If savings remain constant, the absolute increase in income is exactly equal to the absolute increase in expenditure (ΔI = ΔE).

Percentage Change Formula

Percentage change = (Final Value − Initial Value) ÷ Initial Value × 100. Always use the original expenditure as the base for calculating its percentage increase.

The correct answer is Athletics.

 Key Points

• Dr Ajmer Singh is associated with the game of Athletics, which involves track and field events like running, jumping, and throwing.
• He has been honored with the prestigious Arjuna Award for his contribution to the sport of Athletics in India.
• Dr Ajmer Singh has represented India in several international events like the Asian Games, Commonwealth Games, and the Olympics.
• He has also served as a coach and mentor to several young athletes in the country, helping them to achieve their full potential in the sport.

Additional Information

• Football is a popular team sport played with a ball.
• Britain is where modern football had its start in the 1800s.
• Table Tennis is an indoor racket sport played on a table.
• When the game was first created in England at the beginning of the 20^th century, it was known by the trade name Ping-Pong.
• When the former Ping-Pong Association, founded in 1902, was resurrected in 1921–1922, the term table tennis was chosen.
• Badminton is another racket sport played with a shuttlecock and is also a popular sport in India.
• The game of badminton got its name when the Duke of Beaufort introduced the sport to his country estate in 1873.

• The lustre of metals is because of reflection of light due to the presence of free electrons.
• When metals are in their pure form they have shining surface and it is called metallic lustre.
• Metals have a lot of free moving electrons on their surface hence when light strikes the surface of metal they will be reflected by free electrons in a specular reflection (Light reflected in a pointed direction rather than diffused reflection).
• When these metals are in the open air they tend to react with elements like carbon, oxygen and form a thin layer of coating on the surface of metals.
• Thus metals lose their lustre.
• This lustre can be brought back by either polishing the surface of metal or treating it with suitable chemicals.

• The existence of a pandemic and its spread due to large gatherings can discourage many parents from sending their children to school. Thus, statement I is a possible reason.
• Social distance norms would cause the requirement of increase in seating capacity to accommodate the original number of students. However, this might not be feasible for all schools. Thus, online or a hybrid model would be an appropriate choice in such a situation. Therefore, statement II is also a possible reason.

Hence, "Both statements I and II are possible reasons." is the correct answer.

Shortcut Trick

The final price after successive discounts can be calculated directly.

Final Price = Marked Price × (1 − d₁/100) × (1 − d₂/100)

Final Price = 1800 × (1 − 20/100) × (1 − 5/100)

Final Price = 1800 × 0.8 × 0.95 = 1440 × 0.95 = 1368

∴ The correct answer is Rs. 1,368.

Alternate Method

Given:

Marked Price (MP) of the doll = Rs. 1,800

First Discount = 20%

Further Cash Discount = 5%

Calculations:

⇒ Price after first discount of 20% = 1800 − (20/100 × 1800)

⇒ Price after first discount = 1800 − 360 = Rs. 1,440

⇒ Cash discount is applied on the reduced price (Rs. 1,440).

⇒ Final amount paid in cash = 1440 − (5/100 × 1440)

⇒ Final amount paid = 1440 − 72 = Rs. 1,368

∴ The correct answer is Rs. 1,368.

Additional Information

Effective Discount Rate

For two successive discounts of x% and y%, the net discount percentage is given by the formula: (x + y − xy/100)%. In this case, 20 + 5 − (20 × 5)/100 = 24%.

Marked Price vs Selling Price

Selling Price (SP) = Marked Price (MP) − Discount. Discounts are always calculated on the MP unless specified otherwise.

Successive Percentage Decrease

When a value is decreased by a% and then further by b%, the final value is Initial × (100 − a)/100 × (100 − b)/100.

The correct answer is 'The Satpura range flanks its broad base in the west'

Key Points

• Deccan Plateau:
• The Deccan Plateau is a large plateau located in southern India, characterized by its high altitude and rich volcanic soil, which supports diverse flora and fauna.
• This plateau is primarily a segment of the ancient Gondwanaland and includes parts of eight Indian states, stretching from the Satpura Range in the north to the Southern Indian ranges of the Eastern and Western Ghats.
• The plateau covers approximately 500,000 square kilometers, making it one of the largest plateaus in the world.
• Geographical Features:
• The Deccan Plateau is higher in the west and slopes gently eastwards, a characteristic that influences the flow of many rivers originating in the west and draining eastwards into the Bay of Bengal.
• This eastward slope is due to tectonic activity and the ancient geological processes that have shaped the land over millions of years.
• It forms a roughly triangular landmass, bounded by the Satpura and Vindhya Ranges to the north, the Eastern Ghats to the east, and the Western Ghats to the west.

Additional Information

• Extension to the Northeast:
• An extension of the Deccan Plateau is also visible in the northeast, where it merges into the Chota Nagpur Plateau. This area, rich in minerals, is crucial for India's mining industry.
• Incorrect Statement about the Satpura Range:
• The Satpura range does not flank the Deccan Plateau’s broad base in the west. Instead, it is situated to the north of the plateau and runs parallel to the Vindhya Range. Together, they demarcate the boundary between the Indo-Gangetic plains and the Deccan Plateau.
• The Western Ghats, a continuous range running parallel to the western coast of India, is the range that borders the Deccan Plateau on the west.
• Western and Eastern Ghats:
• The Western Ghats are known for their biodiversity and are a UNESCO World Heritage site. They rise steeply from the west coast and descend gently towards the plateau.
• The Eastern Ghats are a series of discontinuous hills and mountains that run along India's eastern coast. These ranges are lower in elevation compared to the Western Ghats and are less continuous.

Explanation:-

Haemoglobin:-

• Hb is a protein present in red blood cells that transport oxygen throughout the body and give blood its red colour.
• The amount of haemoglobin in a person's blood varies.
• Men's levels are frequently higher than women's.
• Iron deficiency anaemia is defined as low haemoglobin induced by low iron levels.
• Low haemoglobin is most commonly caused by a lack of iron in your diet.
• Headaches, weariness, and pale complexion are all signs of low haemoglobin.
• Iron supplements, iron therapy, and surgery are all options for treating low haemoglobin.
• Blood haemoglobin is positively charged.
• It's found within the red blood cell.
• The red blood cell membrane is negatively charged.
• Haemoglobin, metal hydroxides, basic dyes, and other positively charged sols are examples.

Additional InformationAcid dye eosin:- 

• In histology, eosin is the most commonly used dye to stain the cytoplasm.
• It's an acidic dye that binds to the cell's basic components, primarily proteins in the cytoplasm.
• It produces a brilliant pink colour that contrasts with the nuclear hematoxylin staining, which is dark blue.

CdS:-

• Cadmium sulphide, abbreviated as CdS, is an inorganic chemical.
• Cadmium sulphide is a solid that is yellow in colour.
• It has two different crystal forms in nature.

Gold Sol:-

• Because a large number of molecules mix to produce colloidal particles, gold sol is a multimolecular colloid.
• It's a lyophobic, negatively charged sol.

Conclusion 1: It is not given about the population increase in the future.

Conclusion 2: It is given that there is a huge depletion of resources, So we can conclude that it will be difficult for the government to provide resources.

Hence, Only conclusion II follows

Given:

The average of 23 numbers is 21.

Concept used: 

If a number m is multiplied to each number, the new average will be multiplied by m.

Average = Sum of observation / Number of observations

Calculation:

⇒ New average = 21 x 2 = 42

∴ If each number is multiplied by 2, then 42 will be the new average.

The correct answer is London, United Kingdom.

• Amnesty International is a non-governmental organization with its headquarters in London, the United Kingdom focused on human rights.
• It was founded by Peter Benenson.
• It was founded in July 1961.
• Secretary-General: Kumi Naidoo.

Additional Information

• The stated mission of the organization is to campaign for "a world in which every person enjoys all of the human rights enshrined in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and other international human rights instruments".
• Amnesty International is a global movement of more than 7 million people who take injustice personally.
• The organization was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1977 for the "defence of human dignity against torture".

Explanation:

• The correct option is 4, chondrocyte cells are found in cartilage.
• Cartilage is a specialized type of skeletal connective tissue. It provides support to the body.
• Mature cells of cartilage are called ''chondrocytes''. They are found in matrix cavities called lacunae.
• Each lacuna has 1-4 chondrocytes.
• Other features of cartilage are:
• The outer covering of cartilage is called Perichondrium which is composed of white fibrous connective tissue.
• Matrix is solid, pliable, and can resist compression.
• Blood supply is absent in the matrix of cartilage but present in the perichondrium.

Additional Information 

• Blood: Blood is a type of specialized connective tissue. It is the transport medium of the body. It is an extremely complex substance carrying a wide variety of cells and substances to all the areas of the body. The matrix of blood is called plasma & the cellular components flowing in it are called the corpuscles.
• Epithelium tissue: It is a type of tissue having a free surface, which faces either a body fluid or the outside environment and thus provides a covering or a lining for some part of the body. The cells are compactly packed with a little intercellular matrix.
• Nervous tissue is found in the brain, spinal cord, and nerves. It is responsible for coordinating and controlling many body activities.

The logic followed here is:

TANK : NATK

Similarly, for PING : NIPG

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 3".

Given:

Sum of there age = 84 years.

Calculation:

Let be assume age father, mother, and son is 7x, 4x, and x respectively.

⇒ (7x + 4x + x) = 84, x = 7

⇒ Age of mother = 7 × 4 = 28 years

⇒ Age of father = 7 × 7 = 49 

⇒ (28/49) × 100 = (4/7) × 100 = 57.14% = 57%

∴  Age of mother is approximate 57% percentage of age of father.

The correct answer is Isohyet.

• An isohyet line is a line joining points of equal rainfall on a map in a given period. A map with isohyets is called an isohyetal map.

Additional Information

• Isobar is a line on a map connecting points having the same atmospheric pressure at a given time or on average over a given period.
• Isotherm, a line is drawn on a map or chart joining points with the same temperature. Isotherms are commonly used in meteorology to show the distribution of temperature at the Earth’s surface or on a chart indicating constant level or constant pressure.
• Isotherm is also used to show the time variation of temperature with height in the atmosphere or with depth in soil or water and the characteristics of heat flow into the soil.
• Isohaline is a line or surface drawn on a map or chart to indicate connecting points of equal salinity in the ocean.
• Isohaline position refers to the distance (kilometers) of a near-bottom isohaline from the mouth of a coastal waterway.

The correct answer is Starch Paper

Key Points

• Starch Paper is not an acid-base indicator.
• Acid-base indicators are substances that change color in response to changes in pH, helping to determine the acidity or alkalinity of a solution.
• Methyl Orange, Litmus, and Phenolphthalein are common acid-base indicators used in various chemical analyses.
• Starch Paper is typically used to detect the presence of iodine, not for measuring pH levels.

Additional Information

• Methyl Orange changes color from red to yellow over a pH range of 3.1 to 4.4.
• Litmus turns red in acidic conditions and blue in alkaline conditions, with a pH range of about 4.5 to 8.3.
• Phenolphthalein is colorless in acidic to neutral solutions and turns pink in basic solutions, with a pH range of 8.2 to 10.
• These indicators are essential tools in titrations and other laboratory experiments to determine the pH of different solutions.

Given: Seven persons N, O, P, Q, R, S, and T are sitting in a row facing North.

1. Exactly two people are sitting to the right of T who is sitting to the immediate right of Q. 

2) Only three persons are sitting between P and T. 

3) N is sitting at one end. 

4) P is sitting somewhere to the left of N.

5) O is to the immediate right of P and immediate left of R.

And, S will sit on the remaining place.

So, 'Q' is sitting in the middle.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 3".

Shortcut Trick

When a larger sphere is melted to form smaller identical spheres, the Number of balls (n) is simply the ratio of their radii cubed.

n = (Radius of larger ball / Radius of smaller ball)³

n = (21 / 7)³

n = (3)³ = 27

∴ The correct answer is 27.

Alternate Method

Given: Radius of the iron ball (R) = 21 cm, Radius of each recast ball (r) = 7 cm.

Formula Used: Volume of a sphere = (4/3) × π × r³

⇒ Volume of the large iron ball = (4/3) × π × (21)³ cm³

⇒ Volume of one small spherical ball = (4/3) × π × (7)³ cm³

⇒ Let n be the number of small balls.

⇒ Total volume of n small balls = Volume of the large iron ball

⇒ n × (4/3) × π × (7)³ = (4/3) × π × (21)³

⇒ n × 7 × 7 × 7 = 21 × 21 × 21

⇒ n = (21 × 21 × 21) ÷ (7 × 7 × 7)

⇒ n = 3 × 3 × 3

⇒ n = 27

∴ The correct answer is 27.

Additional Information

Law of Conservation of Volume

When a solid object is melted and recast into new shapes, the total volume remains the same (Initial Volume = Final Volume).

Properties of a Sphere

The Surface Area of a sphere is 4 π r². For a hemisphere, the Total Surface Area is 3 π r² and the Volume is (2/3) π r³.

Ratio Shortcut for Solids

If the ratio of radii of two similar solids is a:b, then the ratio of their Surface Areas is a²:b² and the ratio of their Volumes is a³:b³.

The correct answer is The Treaty of Versailles.

Key Points

• On June 28, 1919, the Treaty of Versailles was signed at the Palace of Versailles outside Paris, France.
• The treaty was one of several that officially ended five years of conflict known as the Great War—World War I.
• The Treaty of Versailles outlined the conditions of peace between Germany and the victorious Allies, led by the United States, France, and the United Kingdom. Other Central Powers (significantly, Austria-Hungary) signed different treaties with the Allies.
• The Treaty of Versailles is one of the most controversial armistice treaties in history.
• The treaty’s so-called “war guilt” clause forced Germany and other Central Powers to take all the blame for World War I.
• This meant a loss of territories, reduction in military forces, and reparation payments to Allied powers.

 Thus, we can say that the Treaty that ended World War I was the Treaty of Versailles.

The correct answer is Garden peas

Key Points

• Pea plants were used by Gregor Mendel for his experiments that led to the discovery of the laws of inheritance
• Peas are a good model organism because they have a short life cycle, produce many offspring, and have easily observable traits.
• Mendel's careful observations of pea plant traits, such as flower color, seed shape, and plant height, allowed him to develop his theories about genetics.
• Gregor Mendel, a 19^th-century Austrian monk, is considered the father of modern genetics
• Peas have a relatively short life cycle, allowing Mendel to study multiple generations in a relatively short period.

On seeing a person breaking the bank rules you should be reporting the security because he is in charge of these affairs.

Only if he is unable to deal with the issue, should you intervene.

Choosing your action based on the person's background is unethical. Therefore, option 2 is incorrect.

Involving the police prior to informing the bank security is not a correct course of action. Therefore, option 1 is incorrect.

Using violence to resolve this issue is an extreme step and hence option 4 is incorrect.

Hence, “option 3” is the correct answer.

Given:

a2 + b2 = 100 

ab = 48

Formula Used:

(a + b)² = a2 + b2 + 2ab

(a – b)² = a2 + b2 – 2ab 

Calculation:

(a + b)2 = a2 + b2 + 2ab

⇒ (a + b)2 = 100 + 2(48)

⇒ (a + b)2 = 196

Taking square root on both sides,

⇒ a + b = 14 

(a – b)2 = a2 + b2 – 2ab 

⇒ (a – b)2 = 100 – 2(48)

⇒ (a – b)2 = 4

Taking square root on both sides,

⇒ a – b = 2

Putting the values in asked form, we get

(a + b)/(a - b) = 14/2

⇒ (a + b)/(a - b) = 7 

∴ The value of (a + b)/(a - b) is 7.

Given:

a2 + b2 = 100 

ab = 48

We know that,

8² + 6² = 100

Now putting these two value in second condition,

⇒ 8 × 6 = 48

For both condition values 8 and 6 satisfy.

⇒ a = 8 and b = 6

Putting the values in asked form, we get

(a + b)/(a - b) = (8 + 6)/(8 – 6)

⇒ (a + b)/(a - b) = 14/2

⇒ (a + b)/(a - b) = 7

∴ The value of (a + b)/(a - b) is 7.

The correct answer is Tropical Deciduous Forests.

Key Points

Tropical Deciduous Forests:

• These are the most widespread forests out of all the types of forests in India
• Also, called Monsoon Forests.
• They are found in the regions having rainfall between 70-200cm.
• They shed their leaves for about six to eight weeks in dry summer.
• Tropical Deciduous Forests are further classified into two types of forests on the basis of rainfall- Tropical Moist Deciduous Forests and Tropical Dry Deciduous Forests.
• TROPICAL MOIST DECIDUOUS FORESTS:
• Present in the areas having rainfall between 100-200cm.
• Found in eastern slopes of Western Ghats, foothills of the Himalayas in the North-eastern States and Odisha.
• Main Species of Tropical Moist Deciduous Forests: Teak, Sal, Sheshum, amla, Kusum, mahua, Sandalwood, etc.
• TROPICAL DRY DECIDUOUS FORESTS.
• Found in the areas having rainfall between 70-100cm.
• Present in rainier areas of the peninsula and the plains of Uttar Pradesh and Bihar.
• During Dry seasons, Trees shed their leaves completely and the forest appears like a Grassland.
• Main species of Tropical Dry Deciduous Forests: Khair, Tendu, Palas, axlewood, bel, etc.

Additional Information

Tropical Evergreen Forests:

• These forests are restricted to heavy rainfall areas of the Western Ghats and the island groups of Lakshadweep, Andaman, and Nicobar, upper parts of Assam, and Tamil Nadu coast.
• They are at their best in areas having more than 200 cm of rainfall with a short dry season.
• The trees reach great heights up to 60 meters or even above.
• Since the region is warm and wet throughout the year, it has luxuriant vegetation of all kinds.
• The trees, shrubs, and creepers give it a multilayered structure.
• There is no definite time for trees to shed their leaves.
• As such, these forests appear green all the year-round

The correct Answer is depends on the wind velocity of the region.

Key Points

• Windmill​
• Wind turbines change the kinetic energy in the wind into mechanical power.
• Kinetic energy is a form of energy that an object or a particle has by reason of its motion.
• Any object in motion is using kinetic energy.
• Wind turbines are the modern version of a windmill.
• Put simply, they use the power of the wind to create electricity.
• The units of kinetic energy are mass times the square of the speed, or kg · m 2 /s 2 kg · m 2 /s 2 .
• Renewable resources include solar energy, wind, falling water, the heat of the earth (geothermal), plant materials (biomass), waves, ocean currents, temperature differences in the oceans, and the energy of the tides.

                   ​​

Additional Information

• Renewable Resoueces​
• Renewable energy is comprised of resources that rely on fuel sources that restore themselves over short periods of time and do not diminish.
• In other words, these are energy sources that don't run out.
• A windmill is one common example.
• There are many ways to harvest renewable energy.
• Some of the most common sources include solar energy, wind energy, geothermal energy, hydro energy, bio-energy, and tidal and wave energy.
• Each of these sources restores itself over short periods of time, and each is generally non-polluting.
• However, there are challenges associated with each type, and no one source is available in every area.

The logic followed here is:

So, '169' will complete the series.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 3".

Given:

Total sold mangoes = 100.

Profit = SP of five mangoes.

Concept Used:

Profit Percentage = Profit/CP × 100.

Calculation:

⇒ Let the selling price of one mango be Rs x.

⇒ Total selling price = Rs 100x.

⇒ Profit = 5x

⇒ Cost Price of 100 mangoes = 100x – 5x = 95x

⇒ Profit percentage = \(\frac{5x}{95x}\) × 100 = \(\frac{100}{19}\) = \(5\frac{5}{19}\)%

∴  the profit percentage he gets equals to \(5\frac{5}{19}\)%.

The correct answer is Bangladesh.

Key Points

• Bangladesh is a country in South Asia.
• The People's Republic of Bangladesh is the official name of Bangladesh.
• Dhaka is the capital of Bangladesh.
• Bangladesh shares land borders with:
• India to the west, north, and east.
• Myanmar to the southeast.
• Bay of Bengal to the south.

Important Points

• Bangladesh shares the longest border with India.
• Bangladesh shares a 4,096-kilometre-long (2,545 mi) international border with India.
• Bangladesh–India border is the fifth-longest land border in the world.
• Five Indian states that share their border with Bangladesh:

1. Assam.
2. Tripura.
3. Mizoram.
4. Meghalaya.
5. West Bengal.

Additional Information 

• The countries sharing the land borders with India are:

1. China.
2. Bhutan.
3. Nepal.
4. Pakistan.
5. Afghanistan.
6. Bangladesh.
7. Myanmar.

• India shares the least land boundary with Afghanistan.
• China is the largest country that shares land borders with India.
• Bhutan is the smallest country that shares land borders with India.

The Correct answer is Graphite.

Key Points

• Graphite is an allotrope of carbon.
• It is the only non-metal that is a good conductor of electricity.
• This conductivity is due to the presence of free electrons in its structure.
• Graphite has a layered structure with weak forces between layers, allowing electrons to move freely.
• It is used in applications such as electrodes and batteries due to its conductive properties.

 Additional Information

• Phosphorous
• Phosphorous is a non-metal, but it is not a conductor of electricity.
• It is highly reactive and is used in fertilizers, detergents, and fireworks.
• Bromine
• Bromine is a non-metal and is a liquid at room temperature.
• It does not conduct electricity and is used in flame retardants and certain types of medication.

ENGLAND

FRANCE

From above two

GREECE

Therefore, Option 1 is the correct answer.

Shortcut Trick

The volume of a cone directly from its base circumference (C) and height (h) is given by: V = (C² × h) ÷ (12π)

⇒ V = (33 × 33 × 16) ÷ (12 × 22/7)

⇒ V = (1089 × 16 × 7) ÷ 264

⇒ V = 121968 ÷ 264 = 462 cm³

∴ The correct answer is 462 cm³.

Alternate Method

Given:

Circumference of the base (C) = 33 cm

Height of the solid cone (h) = 16 cm

Formula Used:

Circumference of a circle = 2 × π × r

Volume of a cone = (1/3) × π × r² × h

Calculations:

⇒ 2 × (22/7) × r = 33

⇒ 44/7 × r = 33

⇒ r = (33 × 7) ÷ 44 = 21/4 cm

⇒ Volume = (1/3) × (22/7) × (21/4) × (21/4) × 16

⇒ Volume = (1/3) × (22/7) × (441/16) × 16

⇒ Volume = (1/3) × 22 × 63

⇒ Volume = 22 × 21 = 462 cm³

∴ The correct answer is 462 cm³.

Additional Information

Slant Height of a Cone (l)

Calculated using Pythagoras theorem: l = √(r² + h²)

Curved Surface Area (CSA)

The area of the curved part of the cone is calculated as: CSA = π × r × l

Total Surface Area (TSA)

The sum of the base area and the curved surface area is: TSA = π × r × (l + r)