MP Police Constable : (18 Nov 2025, Shift 2) Memory-Based Paper (Previous Year Paper)

The correct answer is Ajanta Caves.

Key Points

• Dying Princess:
• The 'Dying Princess' is inscribed in Cave No. 16 of Ajanta Caves.
• The cave is one of the oldest in the world, first revealing the Hinayana period (200 BCE to 200 BCE), where Buddha is represented only by symbols, or in his supposed previous existence as related in the Jataka stories.
• The scene shows the critical stage of Nanda’s wife.
• Nanda is a cousin and brother of Buddha.
• She fell ill after hearing the decision of her husband to renounce the crown and become a monk.
• It is a depiction of poetic tragedy.

Additional Information

• Ajanta Caves:

• The Ajanta Caves are approximately 30 rock-cut Buddhist cave monuments.

• They can be dated from the 2^nd century BCE to about 480 CE in the Aurangabad district of Maharashtra.

• They are universally regarded as masterpieces of Buddhist religious art.

• The Ajanta Caves were designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1983.

• Dying Princess of Ajanta Cave

​The correct answer is option 4 i.e., Magnesium Sulphate.

• Magnesium Sulphate is also known as Epsom salt.
• It is an inorganic salt and its formula is MgSO₄(H₂O)_x.
• The formula of Epsom salt is MgSO₄·7H₂O(heptahydrate sulphate mineral epsomite).
• Magnesium Sulphate is used in the field of agriculture.
• Epsom Salt is used as a component of bath salts, beauty products, to improve crops and removal of splinters.

From the given information,

(1) Rani is the sister of Piyush and the daughter of Kamal. (2) Kamal is the son of Gaurav and the brother of Aryan. (3) Aryan is the father of Rajneesh. Therefore, the final family tree is as follows:

Hence, Aryan is the paternal uncle of Piyush.

Shortcut Trick

Simple Interest (SI) earned in 2 years = Amount − Principal = 4950 − 4500 = ₹450.

Direct Formula for Rate: R = (SI × 100) ÷ (P × T)

⇒ R = (450 × 100) ÷ (4500 × 2)

⇒ R = 45000 ÷ 9000 = 5%

∴ The correct answer is 5%.

Alternate Method

Given:

Principal (P) = ₹4500

Amount (A) = ₹4950

Time (T) = 2 years

Formula Used:

Simple Interest (SI) = Amount (A) − Principal (P)

SI = (P × R × T) ÷ 100

Principal
₹4500

Amount
₹4950

• ₹450 (SI) Time = 2 Years
  Rate = R%

Calculations:

⇒ SI = 4950 − 4500 = ₹450

⇒ Substituting the values in the formula:

⇒ 450 = (4500 × R × 2) ÷ 100

⇒ 450 = 45 × R × 2

⇒ 450 = 90 × R

⇒ R = 450 ÷ 90

⇒ R = 5%

∴ The correct answer is 5%.

Additional Information

Constant Nature of Simple Interest

Simple interest is calculated solely on the original principal. Therefore, the interest earned remains constant for every year of the investment period.

Compound Interest (CI) Formula

When interest is compounded annually, the Total Amount = P × (1 + R/100)^T. Compound interest is derived by subtracting the principal from this total amount.

Difference Between SI and CI

For the first year, simple interest and compound interest at the same rate are identical. The difference arises from the second year onwards as CI starts accumulating interest on previous interest.

• The Pushkar fair is an annual livestock fair that is held in Pushkar, a town in the Ajmer district of Rajasthan.
• It is 5 days fair which begins on Kartik Shukla Ekadashi and ends on Kartik Purnima.
• Besides trading of livestocks, the fair also involves cultural events and competitions like dance, music and games.

The correct answer is Sulfuric acid / sulphuric acid.

• Sulfuric acid is the chemical name of ‘oil of vitriol’.

Key Points

• Sulfuric acid is a dense, colourless, oily, corrosive liquid.
• It is one of the most commercially important of all chemicals.
• It is prepared industrially by the reaction of water with sulfur trioxide.
• Vitriol is any of certain hydrated sulfates or sulfuric acid.
• Uses of Sulphuric acid (H₂SO₄):
• In lead storage battery.
• In the manufacturing of HCl.
• In the manufacturing of Alum.
• In the manufacturing of fertilisers,

drugs, detergents and explosives.

Additional Information

• Blue or roman vitriol is cupric sulfate (CuSO4).
• Green vitriol is also called copperas, a name formerly applied to all the vitriols is ferrous sulfate
• White vitriol is zinc sulfate (ZnSO4).
• Red, or rose, vitriol is cobalt sulfate (CoSO4).
• Uran vitriol is a native uranium sulfate [U(SO4)2].

The correct answer is Option 1: Take it sportingly and enjoy the game.

• Qualities Projected in this situation:  (Sense of Responsibility, Determination, Dedication and Social adaptability)

Key Points

• Checklist for attempting SRT questions:

1. Read the question and options carefully.
2. Look for options that are realistic, optimistic, and reflect officer-like qualities.
3. Do not skip any situation.
4. Relegate the negative sentences and choose the most logical option among the remaining. As time is an important factor, hence your thinking ability should be swift.
5. React quickly and be logical.

Additional Information

Officer qualities:

Concept:

Calculation:

? = 78 + [-4 + (-3) of {27 + (-18 + (-2))}]

⇒ ? = 78 + [-4 + (-3) of {27 + (-20)}]

⇒ ? = 78 + [-4 + (-3) of {27 - 20}]

⇒ ? = 78 + [-4 + (-3) of 7]

⇒ ? = 78 + [-4 - 21] = 78 - 25 = 53

The correct answer is Babulal Gaur.

Important Points 

• Babulal Gaur became the chief minister of Madhya Pradesh after Uma Bharathi.
• Babulal Gaur served as the 16^th chief minister of Madhya Pradesh from 2004 to 2005.
• Babulal Gaur was succeeded by Shivraj Singh Chouhan in 2005.
• Uma Bharathi served as the 15^th chief minister of Madhya Pradesh from 2003 to 2004.
• She is the only women chief minister in Madhya Pradesh.

Additional Information 

• Digvijaya Singh served as the 14^th chief minister of Madhya Pradesh from 1993 to 2003.
• Kailash Joshi served as the 9^th chief minister of Madhya Pradesh from 1977 to 1978.
• Shivraj Singh Chouhan is the 19^th and current chief minister of Madhya Pradesh.
• He is the longest-serving chief minister in Madhya Pradesh.

The correct answer is Freedom from attendance as Witness.

Key Points

• Originally the constitution envisaged two types of privileges under Article 105 of the Indian constitution.
• One is freedom of speech in Parliament and the right of publication of its proceedings.
• The concept of parliamentary privilege in the Constitution of India has been taken from the British Constitution.
• The main motive of these privileges is to uphold the supremacy of the office of the Parliament and its members.
• These rights are also given to those individuals who speak and participate in any committee of the Parliament, which includes the Attorney General of India and the Union Ministers.
• The President, even if he is part of Parliament, does not have parliamentary privileges.

Additional Information

• The collective privileges of Members of Parliament are as follows
• No person (either a member or outsider) can be arrested and no legal process (criminal or civil) can be initiated within the premises of the house without the permission of the presiding officer of the house.
• No Court has the right to investigate proceedings of the House or any of its committees.
• Parliament can exclude guests from its proceedings and in some cases of national interest it can also hold a secret meeting on any important matter.
• Parliament can punish members as well as outsiders for breach of its privileges or its contempt by reprimand, admonition, or imprisonment (also suspension or expulsion in case of members).
• Individual Privileges of Members of Parliament are as follows
• When the Parliament is in session, a Member of Parliament or a privileged person may refuse to appear in court or to present any evidence in a court.
• The members of Parliament can’t be arrested during the session of the Parliament and 40 days before the beginning and 40 days after the end of the session. However, this privilege is available in civil cases only not in criminal cases.
• No member is liable to any proceedings in any given court for anything said or any vote by him/her in the parliament or its committees.

The least possible Venn diagram is as follows:

Conclusion I: Some flowers are red → False (It is possible but not definite)

Conclusion II: All red are flowers → False (It is possible but not definite)

Hence, neither conclusion I nor conclusion II follows

Shortcut Trick

Average Speed = Total Distance ÷ Total Time

Total Distance = 75 + 33 = 108 km

Total Time = 1 + 1 = 2 hours

Average Speed = 108 ÷ 2 = 54 km/h

∴ The correct answer is 54 km/h.

Alternate Method

Given:

Distance in 1^st hour (d₁) = 75 km

Distance in 2^nd hour (d₂) = 33 km

Time taken for each interval (t₁, t₂) = 1 hour

Formula Used:

Average Speed = (Total Distance) ÷ (Total Time)

Calculations:

⇒ Total Distance = d₁ + d₂

⇒ Total Distance = 75 + 33 = 108 km

⇒ Total Time = t₁ + t₂ = 1 + 1 = 2 hours

⇒ Average Speed = 108 ÷ 2

⇒ Average Speed = 54 km/h

∴ The correct answer is 54 km/h.

Additional Information

Average Speed for Equal Distances

If a body travels two equal distances at speeds x and y, the average speed is given by 2xy ÷ (x + y).

Relative Speed

When two objects move in the same direction, relative speed = S₁ − S₂. In opposite directions, relative speed = S₁ + S₂.

Unit Conversion

To convert km/h to m/s, multiply by 5/18. To convert m/s to km/h, multiply by 18/5.

• Giddha is not an Indian classical dance form.
• It is a folk dance that is performed exclusively by women in the Punjab region of India and Pakistan.
• Indian classical dance forms include those styles which have mythological roots and whose theory and practice can be found in the Natya Shastra (Sanskrit text).
• Classical Dances of India- Bharatanatyam, Kathak, Kathakali, Kuchipudi, Mohiniyattam, Odissi, Sattriya, Manipuri are the recognized Indian classical dance forms.

CONCEPT:

• Solenoid: A cylindrical coil of many tightly wound turns of insulated wire with a general diameter of the coil smaller than its length is called a solenoid.

• A magnetic field is produced around and within the solenoid.

• The magnetic field within the solenoid is uniform and parallel to the axis of the solenoid.

The strength of the magnetic field in a solenoid is given by:-

\(B=\frac{{{\mu }_{0}}NI}{l}\)

Where, N = number of turns, l = length of the solenoid,  l = current in the solenoid and μo = absolute permeability of air or vacuum.

EXPLANATION:​

• The magnetic field inside a solenoid is uniform. So option 2 is correct.

From the given information we have:

Step 1: My wife's son

Son of Harsh's wife is son of Harsh.

Step 2: Father of her mother's daughter.

Father of her mother's daughter = His own daughter.

So the final diagram is:

The lady is Harsh's granddaughter i.e. Son's daughter.

Hence the correct answer is option 2).

Shortcut Trick

Identify the observation that appears most frequently in the given data set.

By inspection, the number 20 repeats 5 times, while all other numbers appear only once.

Since the mode is defined as the value with the maximum frequency, the result is immediate.

∴ The correct answer is 20.

Alternate Method

Given: Observations = {20, 23, 25, 30, 20, 31, 32, 35, 20, 41, 42, 43, 20, 20}

Formula Used: Mode = Value with the highest frequency (repetition count) in a data set.

⇒ Count of observation 20 = 5

⇒ Count of observation 23 = 1

⇒ Count of observation 25 = 1

⇒ Count of observation 30 = 1

⇒ Count of other individual observations = 1 each

⇒ Comparing all frequencies, 5 is the maximum value.

⇒ The value corresponding to the maximum frequency 5 is 20.

⇒ Mode = 20.

∴ The correct answer is 20.

Additional Information

Measures of Central Tendency

The three main measures are Mean (average), Median (middle value), and Mode (most frequent value).

Empirical Relationship

For a moderately skewed distribution, the relationship is: Mode ≈ 3 × Median − 2 × Mean.

Types of Mode

A data set can be unimodal (one mode), bimodal (two modes), or multimodal (more than two modes).

The correct answer is Bharat Sundaresan.

Key Points

• *'*The Miracle Makers: Indian Cricket's Greatest Epic' is a book written by Bharat Sundaresan, a well-known cricket journalist and author.
• The book highlights India's historic Test series win against Australia in 2020-21, often referred to as one of India's greatest cricketing achievements.
• The victory was notable for India's comeback after being bowled out for 36 in the first Test, and their eventual triumph despite injuries and the absence of key players.
• Bharat Sundaresan, along with co-author Gaurav Joshi, provides detailed insights, behind-the-scenes stories, and exclusive interviews about the series.

Additional Information

• About the Book 'The Miracle Makers: Indian Cricket's Greatest Epic'
• The book chronicles the remarkable journey of the Indian cricket team, highlighting their significant achievements and the challenges they overcame.
• It provides an in-depth look at some of the most memorable matches and moments in Indian cricket history.
• The book delves into the strategies, player performances, and the behind-the-scenes efforts that contributed to the team's success.
• It is a tribute to the spirit, determination, and excellence of Indian cricketers over the years.
• Indian Cricket Team
• The Indian cricket team, also known as Team India, represents India in international cricket.
• The team is governed by the Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI).
• India is one of the strongest teams in international cricket, having won multiple ICC tournaments, including the Cricket World Cup and the T20 World Cup.
• Indian cricket has produced numerous legendary players who have made significant contributions to the sport globally.
• Cricket in India
• Cricket is the most popular sport in India, enjoyed by millions of fans across the country.
• The Indian Premier League (IPL) is one of the most-watched and lucrative cricket leagues globally.
• Cricket has a rich history in India, with the first recorded match being played in 1721.
• The sport has a significant cultural impact and is considered a unifying force in the diverse nation of India.

The correct answer is Stainless steel.

Key Points

• Alloy steel containing chromium to resist rusting is known as stainless steel.
• Steel is an alloy of Iron and Carbon
• Stainless steel is known for its corrosion resistance.
• The corrosion resistance is a result of a very thin oxide layer on the steel’s surface. 
• This oxide layer is passive since it renders the surface electrochemically passive.
• The passive layer forms because of the chromium added to stainless steel.
• Stainless steel must have at least 10.5% chromium for the passive layer to form. The more the chromium better its resistance is.
• The chromium rusts first. The rusted chromium forms this passive layer.
• The nickel in stainless steel helps hold this protective layer of chromium rust in place.

Additional Information

• Alloy is a metal made by combining two or more metallic elements, especially to give greater strength or resistance to corrosion.
• Wrought iron contains less than 0.1 percent carbon and 1 or 2 percent slag. It is superior to cast iron.
• Cast iron is an alloy of iron that contains 2 to 4 percent carbon, varying amounts of silicon and manganese and traces of impurities such as sulfur and phosphorus.
• Hard steel is steel hardened by the addition of other elements like carbon (usually), manganese, phosphorus.

The logic followed here is :

• Atlantic is name of the ocean.

Similarly,

• Panama is name of the canal.

Hence, "Canal" is the correct answer.

Additional Information

1. Continent - a mainland contrasted with islands.
2. Canal - an artificial waterway constructed to allow the passage of boats or ships inland or to convey water for irrigation.
3. Language - a system of communication used by a particular country or community.
4. Transportation - a system or means of transporting people or goods.

Given:

The cost price of an item is one-fourth of its selling price.

Formula Used:

Gain percentage = \(\left(\frac{{\text{{Selling Price}} - \text{{Cost Price}}}}{{\text{{Cost Price}}}}\right) \times 100\)

Calculation:

Let the selling price (SP) be 4x.

Cost price (CP) = SP / 4

CP = 4x / 4

CP = x

Gain = SP - CP

Gain = 4x - x

Gain = 3x

Gain percentage = \(\left(\frac{{3x}}{{x}}\right) \times 100\)

Gain percentage = 3 × 100

Gain percentage = 300%

The correct answer is option 1 (Gain of 300%).

The correct answer is: 'A) 3, 2, 1, 4'.

Key Points

• The formation of the Indian National Congress (3)
• This event took place in 1885.
• The Indian National Congress (INC) was established as a platform for political discourse and to seek greater rights for Indians under British rule.
• The Jallianwala Bagh Massacre (2)
• This tragic event occurred on April 13, 1919, when British troops opened fire on a peaceful gathering of Indians, leading to widespread outrage and calls for independence.
• The Salt March (1)
• The Salt March, also known as the Dandi March, took place from March 12 to April 6, 1930.
• It was a pivotal act of nonviolent resistance led by Mahatma Gandhi to protest the British salt tax.
• The Quit India Movement (4)
• This movement was launched on August 8, 1942, calling for an end to British rule in India, marked by widespread protests and civil disobedience.

Hence, the correct chronological order is: 3, 2, 1, 4, making Option (A) correct.

Additional Information

• Overview of Events:
• Formation of the Indian National Congress: Established to provide a unified platform for Indians to voice their demands for greater rights and self-governance.
• Jallianwala Bagh Massacre: This incident heightened nationalist sentiments and contributed to the demand for immediate political reform.
• Salt March: A critical event in the struggle for independence, it galvanized Indian society and drew international attention to the Indian independence movement.
• Quit India Movement: This mass protest marked a significant turning point in the fight for independence, uniting people across India against colonial rule.

• Snail can change their sex.
• Snails are obligate hermaphrodites. They have male and female reproductive organs.
• They are able to produce sperm and eggs while mating with a partner.
• The male reproductive organ of the snail can never fertilize the female genitals of the snail.
• When the two snails detach, each snail has eggs fertilized by the sperm of the other snail.

Kerala is known as God's own country.

Similarly,

Punjab is known as 'India's Bread Basket'.

Hence, Punjab is the correct answer.

Given:

90 ÷ 6 × (24 - 8 ÷ 4) ÷ 3

Concept used:

Calculation:

90 ÷ 6 × (24 - 8 ÷ 4) ÷ 3

⇒ 90 ÷ 6 × (24 - 2) ÷ 3

⇒ 90 ÷ 6 × 22 ÷ 3

⇒ 15 × 22 ÷ 3

⇒ 15 × 22/3

⇒ 5 × 22

⇒ 110

∴ The correct answer is 110

The correct answer is Article 15.

• Article 15  of the Constitution of India details 'Prohibition of discrimination on grounds of religion, race, caste, sex or place of birth'.​

Important Points

• Article 15 (Prohibition of Discrimination on the grounds of religion, race, caste, sex, or place of birth):​
• (1) The State shall not discriminate against any citizen on grounds of religion, race, caste, sex, or place of birth.
• (2) No citizen shall be subject to any disability, liability, restriction, or condition on grounds of religion, race, caste, sex, or place of birth.
• (a) Access to shops, public restaurants, hotels, and places of public entertainment.
• (b) the use of dedicated wells, tanks, bathing ghats, roads, and places of public resort for the use of the general public.
• (3) Nothing in this article shall prevent the State from making any special provision for women and children.
• (4) Nothing in this article or clause (2) of Article 29 shall prevent the State from making any special provision for any socially or educationally backward classes of citizens or for the Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes.​​

Additional Information

The correct answer is Gupta.

• The reign of the Gupta dynasty has been described as the golden age of Indian civilization.

Key Points

• In Ancient India, the Gupta Dynasty ruled the middle of the 3^rd century (approximately) to 543 AD.
• The Gupta dynasty period is referred to as the 'Classical Age or Golden Age of Ancient India.
• Sri Gupta was the founder Gupta dynasty
• Sri Gupta was followed by his son Ghatokkacha and was followed by his son Chandragupta. Both assumed the title of Maharaja.

Additional Information

Chandragupta I (AD 319-335)

• He was the first Gupta ruler to assume the title Maharajadhiraja.
• He started the Gupta era in 319 - 320 AD.
• He was successful in building a small principality into a great kingdom.
• He established his authority over Magadha, Saketa, and Prayaga.
• He issued gold coins.

Samudragupta (AD 335-380)

• Samudragupta was the son of Chandragupta I and Kumaradevi.
• The Allahabad inscription describes his bravery as composed by his court poet, Harisena.
• He defeated nine kings of the Ganges Valley, twelve kings from the southern region, and eighteen forest tribes.
• He was also called 'Indian Napoleon' by Vincent Smith.
• He also performed Ashvamedha's sacrifice. Hence, one of his coins refers to him as 'the restorer of Ashvamedha'.
• He was also called 'Kaviraja' since he composed verses.

Chandragupta II(AD 380-415)

• Son of Samudragupta and his queen Dattadevi and younger brother of Ramagupta.
• He was also known as ‘Vikramaditya’.
• He issued silver coins**.**
• He further annexed territories including Saurashtra which gave him the western coastline.
• He also annexed three Satrapa kingdoms and assumed the title Sakari (destroyer of the Sakas).
• He defeated the Saka king Rudrasimha III thus acquiring Saurashtra and Kathiawar.
• After East and West India, Chandragupta II defeated northern rulers also like the Hunas, Kambojas, Kiratas, etc.
• He was a brilliant conqueror and an able administrator as well.
• His other names (as mentioned in coins) include Vikrama, Devagupta, Devaraja, Simhavikrama, Vikramaditya Sakari, etc.
• His court had nine jewels or Navaratnas, nine people eminent in various fields of art, literature, and science. This included the great Sanskrit poet Kalidasa, Harisena, Amarasimha (lexicographer), and Dhanvantari (physician).
• Fa-Hien, a Buddhist from China visited India during his reign.

Kumaragupta (AD 415-455)

• He founded Nalanda University.
• He was the worshipper of Lord Kartikeya.

Skandagupta (AD 455-467)

• Skandagupta was the last great ruler of the Gupta dynasty
• He repulsed the ferocious Hunas attacks twice.
• The continuous attack by the Hunas weakened the Gupta economy and the decline of the empire began soon after the death of Skandagupta

The pattern followed here is:

Logic: (First number)³ + (First number)² = Second number.

Let's check each option one by one.

1. 9 - 810

= (9)³ + (9)² 

= 729 + 81 = 810 = 810

2. 11 - 1452

= (11)³ + (11)²

= 1331 + 121 = 1452 = 1452

3. 7 - 392

= (7)3 + (7)2

= 343 + 49 = 392 = 392

4. 13 - 2368

= (13)3 + (13)2

= 2197 + 169 = 2366 ≠ 2368

Hence, the correct answer is "13 - 2368".

Given:

Length of the first train = 550 metres.

Speed of the first train = 78 km/h.

Length of the second train = 350 metres.

Speed of the second train = 30 km/h.

Formula Used:

Time = Total distance / Relative speed

Calculation:

Convert speeds from km/h to m/s:

Speed of the first train = 78 × (1000/3600) = 21.67 m/s

Speed of the second train = 30 × (1000/3600) = 8.33 m/s

Since the trains are running in opposite directions, their relative speed is the sum of their speeds:

Relative speed = 21.67 + 8.33 = 30 m/s

Total distance to be covered = Length of the first train + Length of the second train

Total distance = 550 + 350 = 900 metres

Time = Total distance / Relative speed

⇒ Time = 900 / 30

⇒ Time = 30 seconds

The correct answer is option 4.

The correct answer is August & September.

Key Points

• The Heera Bhumiya Mela is organized in the Gwalior area in the months of August and September.
• This fair is held in remembrance of Hiraman Baba.
• The fair is held in the Hindu month Bhadrapada.
• Gwalior people come in large numbers to take part in an annual fair at the Baba Hira Bhumia temple.

Additional Information

• Simhastha Mela is one ​of the world's most popular fairs in India the Kumbha Simhastha Mela, is organized on the edges of the Kshipra River in Ujjain, Madhya Pradesh.
• The Simhastha fair is organized at an interval every twelve years.
• Betul place of Madhya Pradesh is mainly known for the Ghost Fair (Bhooto ka Mela).
• Nagaji Fair is mainly celebrated in the tribal area of Madhya Pradesh, Fair of Nagaji is celebrated in memory of the great saint, Saint Nagaji.

The correct answer is option 4 i.e. size, temperature, and distance from the earth.

Key Points

Brightness of star

• The brightness of a star depends on its composition i.e. size and temperature and distance i.e. how far it is from the planet.​​
• The Stefan- Boltzmann law states that the power radiated by a black body of surface area A and with a surface temperature T (K) is given by the equation:

          Power radiated by a star (P) = σA_eT⁴ 

• where σ is a constant = 5.7x10^-8 Wm^-2K^-4.
• If we assume that a star is roughly spherical then A = 4πr² for a star of radius r.
• From the above equation, we can say that the more is the power radiated, the more is the brightness of the star. So, the more the area and temperature of the star, the more is the power radiated, and hence more is the brightness. Hence option 4 is correct

Solution

Let's analyze each

Argument:

Argument I agree with this move and suggest that many voters opt for NOTA as part of the prevailing trend. They are ignorant and they do not know much about the candidates contesting the elections and get away from their responsibility by opting for NOTA. Thus, NOTA leads to a waste of votes. Hence, the argument I is strong.

Argument II agrees and says that NOTA protects the democratic rights of the voter. In the absence of a qualified candidate, the voter does not have to step back from his fundamental duty and choose NOTA. Thus, it is not a waste of votes. Hence, argument II is also a strong one.

Considering the above analysis, the correct answer is:

Both arguments are strong.

Given,

The average of 9 consecutive even numbers is 30.

Concept: /Formula:

Average = Sum of all observations/Total number of observations

Calculation:

The average of 9 consecutive even numbers is 30.

The sum of 9 consecutive even numbers is = 9 × 30 = 270

Let the smallest even number be x,

According to the question

x + x + 2 + x + 4 + x + 6 + x + 8 + x + 10 + x + 12 + x + 14 + x + 16 = 270

⇒ 9x + 72 = 270

⇒ 9x = 270 – 72

⇒ 9x = 198

⇒ x = 198/9

⇒ x = 22

∴ The smallest even number is 22

The correct answer is Madhya Pradesh.

Key Points

• Madhya Pradesh is called the “Heart of India".
• ​It is because MP occupies a central place in the country.
• The capital of Madhya Pradesh is Bhopal.
• It is the second-largest state in terms of area.
• It shares its border on the north with Uttar Pradesh, the east with Chhattisgarh, the south with Maharashtra, and the west with Gujarat and Rajasthan.

Additional Information

• The Governor of Madhya Pradesh is Mangubhai Patel.
• The Chief Minister of Madhya Pradesh is Mohan Yadav.

Bleaching powder by its nature is an Oxidising agent.

• Stable bleaching powder is widely used as a disinfectant in water purification, as well as in the textile and pulp and paper industries.
• "Bleaching powder" is made by the action of chloride gas on calcium hydroxide.
• The reaction being essentially:
• 2Ca (OH)₂ + 2Cl₂ → Ca(OCl)₂ + CaCl₂ + 2H₂O.
• In the production of bleaching powder, slaked lime spread on the floors of large rectangular chambers of lead or concrete is exposed to chlorine gas.
• Bleaching powder, a solid combination of chlorine and slaked lime, was introduced in 1799 by Scottish chemist Charles Tennant.

The correct answer is Option 2.

• Qualities Projected in this situation:  (Self-confidence, Courage, Determination, Dedication and Social adaptability)

Key Points

• Checklist for attempting SRT questions:

1. Read the question and options carefully.
2. Look for options that are realistic, optimistic, and reflect officer-like qualities.
3. Do not skip any situation.
4. Relegate the negative sentences and choose the most logical option among the remaining. As time is an important factor, hence your thinking ability should be swift.
5. React quickly and be logical.

Additional Information

Officer qualities:

Given:

Principal (P) = Rs. 15200.

Rate percent per annum (R) = 10%.

Time (T) = 1 year.

Interest is compounded half-yearly.

Formula used:

Amount in compound interest (A)

A = P(1 + R / 100)^T

For finding C.I. (Compound interest),

A = P + C.I.

where P = principal.

R = rate percent per annum.

T = time.

When compounded half-yearly, the time becomes 2 times and the rate becomes (1 / 2) times.

Calculation:

Rate and time for compound interest compounded quarterly, R = 10 / 2 = 5% and T = 1 × 2 = 2.

Putting these in the formula for amount

A = P(1 + R / 100)^T

A = 15200 × [1 + (5 / 100)]²

A = 15200 × [1 + (1 / 20)]²

\(A = 15200 \times \dfrac{21}{20} \times \dfrac{21}{20} \)

A = 16758.

Compound interest

A = P + C.I.

16758 = 15200 + C.I.

C.I. = 16758 - 15200

C.I. = 1558.

∴ The interest is Rs. 1558.

The National Centre for the Performing Arts (NCPA), Mumbai, is India’s premier cultural institution. The NCPA hosts more than 700 events each year, making it India’s largest and most holistic performing arts centre.

Key Points

The National Centre for the Performing Arts (NCPA):

• The National Centre for the Performing Arts (NCPA) is a multi-venue, multi-purpose cultural centre in Mumbai, India.
• It aims to promote and preserve India's heritage of music, dance, theatre, film, literature, and photography.
• It also presents new and innovative work in the performing arts field.
• The Centre was founded in 1969 by JRD Tata and Dr. Jamshed Bhabha, (brother of nuclear physicist Homi Jehangir Bhabha).
• It was the first multi-venue, multi-genre cultural centre in South Asia.
• The NCPA is also the home of the Symphony Orchestra of India, which was established by NCPA in 2006.
• In 2010 the orchestra performed Beethoven's 9^th Symphony in Moscow at the 5^th World Symphony Orchestra Festival - the first time an orchestra from India had performed there.
• On December 29, 2018, NCPA entered its golden jubilee year.
• It is to undergo renovations to improve the acoustics and overall experience in 2019.

Hence, option 1 is the correct answer.

The correct answer is Anthocyanins

Key Points

• Anthocyanins are pigments responsible for the red, purple, and blue colors in many fruits and vegetables.
• These pigments belong to a class of compounds known as flavonoids and are water-soluble.
• Anthocyanins are found in the cell vacuoles of plant tissues and their color can change depending on the pH level.
• They are not only important for the coloration but also have antioxidant properties which can be beneficial for human health.

Additional Information

• Carotenoids are another class of pigments that contribute to the yellow, orange, and red colors in plants.
• Examples of carotenoids include beta-carotene, lycopene, and lutein.
• Chlorophyll is the pigment responsible for the green color in plants and is vital for photosynthesis.
• Different pigments can coexist in the same plant tissue, contributing to a wide range of colors.
• The study of plant pigments is important for understanding plant biology and for applications in food science and nutrition.

The pattern followed is,

Hence, ‘77’ is the correct answer.

Shortcut Trick

The Empirical Relation for moderately skewed distributions is: Mode = 3 × Median − 2 × Mean.

Mode = 3 × 30 − 2 × 25

Mode = 90 − 50 = 40

∴ The correct answer is 40.

Alternate Method

Given: Median = 30 and Mean = 25.

Formula Used: Mode = 3(Median) − 2(Mean)

⇒ Mode = (3 × 30) − (2 × 25)

⇒ Mode = 90 − 50

⇒ Mode = 40

∴ The correct answer is 40.

Additional Information

Symmetric Distribution

In a perfectly symmetrical distribution, the values of Mean, Median, and Mode are all equal (Mean = Median = Mode).

Karl Pearson Formula

The empirical relation can also be written as: Mean − Mode = 3 × (Mean − Median).

Skewed Distribution

For a positively skewed distribution: Mean > Median > Mode. For a negatively skewed distribution: Mode > Median > Mean.

The correct answer is Tabla.

Key Points

• Ustad Alla Rakha, born as Allah Rakha Qureshi, was an Indian tabla player known for his virtuosity and innovation on the instrument.
• He is most famous for his collaboration with sitar maestro Ravi Shankar, with whom he performed at many prestigious venues worldwide.
• Alla Rakha played a crucial role in popularizing the tabla and Indian classical music in the West during the 20^th century.
• He is also the father of renowned tabla player Zakir Hussain, who continues his legacy in Indian classical music.

Additional Information

• Tabla
• The tabla is a pair of twin hand drums from the Indian subcontinent, used in traditional, classical, popular, and folk music.
• The instrument consists of a small right-hand drum called "Dayan" and a larger metal drum called "Bayan".
• It is used in a variety of genres and is a significant instrument in Hindustani classical music.
• The technique of playing tabla involves extensive use of fingers and palms in various configurations to create a wide range of sounds and rhythms.
• Damaru
• The damaru is a small two-headed drum, which is played by twisting it back and forth, causing the strikers to beat against the drumheads.
• It is often associated with the Hindu deity Shiva and is used in various religious and spiritual contexts.
• Bansuri
• The bansuri is a traditional Indian flute made from bamboo.
• It is used in Hindustani classical music and is known for its soothing sound.
• The instrument has six to eight holes and is played by blowing air into a hole near one end.
• Shehnai
• The shehnai is a double-reed instrument, similar to the oboe, and is used in North Indian classical music.
• It is often played during weddings and other auspicious occasions in India.

The correct answer is Mycology.

Key Points

• Mycology is a branch of biology that studies fungi.
• Fungi are unicellular or multicellular thick-cell-walled heterotroph decomposers that eat decaying matter and form tangles of fibers.
• They use complex organic compounds as a source of energy and carbon, not photosynthesis.
• They are found in almost any habitat, but live mostly on land, primarily on soil or plant material rather than in sea or freshwater.
• A small number of fungi cause diseases in animals.
• In humans, fungal diseases include skin diseases such as athlete's foot, ringworm, and thrush.

Additional Information

• Morphology is the branch of biology that deals with the form of living organisms, and with relationships between their structures.
• Kalology is the branch of philosophy dealing with taste and the study of beauty in nature and art.
• Virology is the scientific discipline concerned with the study of the biology of viruses and viral diseases.

The logic followed here is:

For, ‘AJDM' is written as 'JDMA’,

Similarly, for 'SKWM'

So, 'SKWM' will be written as 'KWMS'.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 3".

Given,

Average age of group of 75 people is = 75

Formula :

Average = Sum of all observations/Total number of all observations

Calculation :

Sum of age of group of 75 people = 75 × 75 = 5625

If a person of age 90 left and a person of age 15 joined the group, then new sum of age of 75 people = 5625 – 90 + 15 = 5550

∴ New average age of 75 people = 5550/75 = 74 

Shortcut Trick:

Correct Average = Average + difference/Total number

∴ New average age of 75 people = 75 – (90 + 15)/75 = 75 – 1 = 74

The correct answer is Jhabua.

Key Points

• Dilip Singh Bhuria was born on 18 June 1944 in Jhabua.
• He was a member of Lok Sabha from the Ratlam Constituency.
• Initially, he had his affiliation with the Congress Party but in 2014 he joined the Bhartiya Janta Party.
• He was elected as Member of Parliament 6 times from the Ratlam Constituency.
• He was the chairman of the National Commission for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes in the government of Atal Bihari Vajpayee.
• ​He served from 2002-2004.
• Dilip Singh Bhuria was also the president of the All India Cooperative Association.
• The Bhuria Committee (2002-04) was formed to form the Tendupatta policy under the chairmanship of Dilip Singh Bhuria.
• On the recommendation of the Committee, the Tendupatta policy of Madhya Pradesh was implemented.
• He passed away on 24 June 2015 in Gurgaon.

The correct answer is Radon.

Key Points

• Radon is a chemical element with the symbol Rn and atomic number 86.
• It is a radioactive, colorless, odorless, tasteless Noble gas.
• It occurs naturally in minute quantities as an intermediate step in the normal radioactive decay chains through which thorium and uranium slowly decay into lead and various other short-lived radioactive elements; radon itself is the immediate decay product of radium.
• Radon has been produced commercially for use in radiation therapy, but for the most part, has been replaced by radionuclides made in accelerators and nuclear reactor.
• Radon has been used in implantable seeds, made of gold or glass, primarily used to treat cancers.

The angle between the hour hand and the minute hand when the clock shows 4:22 AM can be calculated using the following formula:

Angle = |11/2 M - 30H|

Where M = Minutes and H = Hours

Here, M = 22 and H = 4

Therefore, Angle = 11/2 × 22 - 30 × 4 = 121 - 120 = 1

Hence, "1°" is the correct answer.

Shortcut Trick

If the side of a square is increased by a factor of n, then the area increases by a factor of n².

Here, the side is doubled, so n = 2.

New Area = 2² × Original Area = 4 × Original Area.

∴ The correct answer is 4 times.

Alternate Method

Given: Original side of square = 5 cm

Formula Used: Area of a square = (side)²

⇒ Original Area = 5 × 5 = 25 cm²

⇒ New Side = 2 × 5 = 10 cm

⇒ New Area = 10 × 10 = 100 cm²

⇒ Ratio = New Area ÷ Original Area = 100 ÷ 25 = 4

∴ The correct answer is 4 times.

Additional Information

Area Scaling Property

If the linear dimensions of any 2D shape are multiplied by k, the area is multiplied by k².

Perimeter Scaling

If the side of a square is doubled, the perimeter also gets doubled (scaled by k).

Volume Scaling

For 3D objects like cubes, if the side is doubled, the volume becomes 2³ = 8 times the original.

Grapes is NOT correct.

• Among the options, only grape is NOT a major crop of Madhya Pradesh.
• Maharashtra is the leading grape-producing state in India.
• Nashik in Maharashtra is well known as the "grape capital of India".
• Madhya Pradesh is one of the leading soybean and wheat-producing state in India.
• Major fruit crops in Madhya Pradesh are:
• Banana
• Mango
• Orange
• Papaya
• Major vegetable crops in Madhya Pradesh are:
• Potato
• Onion
• Peas
• Tomato
• Brinjal
• Major cereals and pulses producing in Madhya Pradesh are:
• Wheat.
• Rice.
• Maize.
• Jowar.
• Gram.
• Tur.
• Lentil.
• Major spices producing in Madhya Pradesh are:
• Mustard in oilseeds
• Garlic
• Coriander
• Chilies
• Ginger

Option 1 is the correct answer.

Important Points

• When growing plants detect light, a hormone called auxin, synthesized at the shoot tip, helps the cells to grow longer. So, option 1 is correct.
• When light is coming from one side of the plant, auxin diffuses towards the shady side of the shoot.
• This concentration of auxin stimulates the cells to grow longer on the side of the shoot which is away from light.
• Thus, the plant appears to bend towards the light.

Additional Information

• Other such plant hormones (that help in promoting growth) are cytokinin (promote cell division), gibberellins (help stems grow).
• But plants also need signals to stop growing.
• Abscisic acid is one example of a hormone that inhibits growth. Its effects include wilting of leaves.

BODMAS rule:-

Decoding the information, 

Given:

6 C (57 B 8) D 7 B 32 A 9

After replacing the signs from left to right and using the BODMAS rule,

= 6 × (57 - 8) ÷ 7 - 32 + 9

= 6 × 49 ÷ 7 - 32 + 9

= 6 × 7 - 32 + 9

= 42 - 32 + 9

= 51 – 32

= 19

Hence, “19” is the correct answer.

Given:

The marked price = 40% above its cost price.

Discount = 10%. Selling price is  Rs. 3,780

Concept used:

SP = CP + profit

Profit/ loss is calculated on the cost price and discount on the market price.

Calculation:

Let the CP is = 100

The market price is = 140

The selling price will be,

⇒ 140 × 90/100 = 126

The profit percentage will be,

⇒ 100 - 126

⇒ 26 % profit

∴ The correct option is 2

• Uber cup associated with Badminton.
• It is named after a former British women's badminton player, Betty Uber.
• It is often called World Team Championships for Women.
• It is a major international badminton competition contested by women's national badminton teams.
• Thomas Cup is the World Team Championship for Men in Badminton.

The Correct Answer is Nutrient.

Additional Information

• Nutrient: It is defined as any food constituent or group of food constituents of the same general composition that aids in the support of animal life.
• There are six classes of nutrients that are essential to every living animal for survival
• Water
• Protein
• Carbohydrates
• Fats/Lipids
• Vitamins
• Minerals

Statement:

A family that plays Farmville on Facebook together stays together.

Conclusions:

(i) A family that doesn't play Farmville on Facebook will not share a good bond. → Not follow (On the basis of a game we can't decide the bonds between families)

(ii) Every person in a family is suggested to open a Facebook account to enhance the family bond. → Not follow (To enhance the family bond there is no need to open a Facebook account)

Here, Neither (i) nor (ii) follows.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (2)".

Given:

The successive discount are 20% and 15%.

Formula used:

Successive discount = X + Y - (XY)/100

Where,

X = First discount

Y = Second discount

Calculation:

Successive discount = X + Y - (XY)/100

X = 20%, Y = 15%

⇒ 20 + 15 - 300/100

⇒ 32%

∴ The single equivalent discount is 32%.

The correct answer is 14.

Key Points

• Madhya Pradesh
• A state of central India.
• Total Madhya Pradesh comprises 55 districts.
• Formation- 1 November 1956.
• Madhya Pradesh region is the second-largest Indian state and is the fifth-largest state by population.
• It borders the state of Uttar Pradesh to the northeast.
• 14 districts of Madhya Pradesh i.e.
• Morena, Bhind, Datia, Shivpuri, Ashoknagar, Sagar, Tikamgarh, Niwari, Chhatarpur, Panna, Satna, Rewa, Sidhi, and Singrauli shares boundary with Uttar Pradesh.

Additional Information

The correct answer is heating effect of current.

• When current flows through a conductor, heat energy is generated in the conductor and this is known as the heating effect of current.
• It depends on three factors:
• The resistance, R of the conductor.
• The time, t for which current flows.
• The amount of current,
• The heat production is given by H = I²Rt.
• This equation is called Joule’s equation of electrical heating.
• The material used in the fuse should have high specific resistance and a low melting point.
• The fuse wire is made up of Sn (tin) and Pb (lead).

1. Amrit is elder than Vikrant.

Amrit > Vikrant

2. Shanaz is elder than Joya.

Shanaz > Joya

3. Ketan is younger than Joya.

Joya > Ketan

4. Vikrant is elder than Shanaz.

Vikrant > Shanaz

Combining all the statements together,

we get:

Amrit > Vikrant > Shanaz > Joya > Ketan

Hence, Ketan is the youngest in the group.

Shortcut Trick

For two numbers, if Sum (S) and Difference (D) are known:

Elder (Larger number) = (Sum + Difference) ÷ 2

Elder = (21 + 7) ÷ 2 = 28 ÷ 2 = 14 years

∴ The correct answer is 14 years.

Alternate Method

Given:

Let the age of the elder sibling be x and the younger sibling be y.

⇒ x − y = 7 --- (Equation 1)

⇒ x + y = 21 --- (Equation 2)

Calculations:

Adding Equation 1 and Equation 2:

⇒ (x − y) + (x + y) = 7 + 21

⇒ 2x = 28

⇒ x = 28 ÷ 2

⇒ x = 14

∴ The correct answer is 14 years.

Additional Information

Linear Equations in Two Variables

When two linear equations involve the same variables, they form a system. The Elimination method is the fastest way to solve for one variable by adding or subtracting equations.

Sum and Difference Formula

If x + y = S and x − y = D, then the larger value x = (S+D)/2 and the smaller value y = (S−D)/2.

Age Invariance Property

The difference between ages of two people always remains constant, regardless of how many years pass.

The correct answer is Durga Shankar Mehta.

Key Points

• Turiya Jungle Satyagraha was organized by the tribes in the Seoni district long before the Quit India Movement.
• ​It was held in the Turia village near Seoni in 1930.
• It was started by General Okha Lohar in Turia between the forests, 12 km away from Khavasa and Kurai.
• It was led by Durga Shankar Mehta.
• Deputy commissioner Seeman ordered the police to shoot at the people.
• In this event, 4 tribes Muddobai, Rainabai, Demobai, Birju Bhoi died in the incident.

Additional Information

• Hirdesh Shah actively participated in both the movement Bundela revolt as well as in the great revolt of 1857.
• Tantya Bhil participated in the great revolt of 1857 from Khargaon.
• Sahadat Khan participated in the great revolt of 1857 from Mhow, Indore.

The given information can be depicted as follows-

Thus, Rekha is facing South-West direction at the end.

Hence, 'option 4'  is the correct answer.

Given,

Average of 43, 21, 68, 97, 39 and x = 52

Formula:

Average = Sum of all observations / Total number of all observations

Calculation:

According to the question

52 = (43 + 21 + 68 + 97 + 39 + x) / 6

⇒ 52 = (268 + x) / 6

⇒ 268 + x = 52 × 6

⇒ 268 + x = 312

⇒ x = 312 - 268

∴ x = 44

The correct answer is Six.

In News

• Akashvani won a total of six awards at the India Audio Summit and Awards 2025 held in Mumbai.

Key Points

• Akashvani secured six awards across various categories at the India Audio Summit and Awards 2025.
• The third edition of the summit recognized excellence in radio and audio content production.
• The awards ceremony took place in Mumbai on the night of April 25, 2025.
• Smriti Irani’s show ‘Nai Soch Nai Kahani’ was among the highlighted productions.

Additional Information

• About India Audio Summit and Awards
• An annual event recognizing excellence in radio and audio production in India.
• 2025 marked the third edition of the awards ceremony.
• Celebrates innovative audio content across radio shows, podcasts, and public broadcasts.
• About Akashvani
• Also known as All India Radio (AIR), it is India's national public radio broadcaster.

The logic is:

Cat : Feline → Cat belongs to the family Feline.

Similarly,

Dog : ? → Dog belongs to the family Canine.

Hence, ‘Canine’ is the correct answer.

Given:

20% marks = Pass marks - 30 marks.

32% marks = pass marks + 42 marks  pass. 

Calculation:

Let the total number of exam is 100 units 

As per the question,

32 - 20 units = 42+30

⇒ 12 units = 72

⇒ 100 units = 600

∴ The correct option is 1

The correct answer is 8^th march.

Key Points

• International Women's Day is celebrated on 8^th March.
• International Women's Day is a global day celebrating  the social, economic, cultural, and political achievements of women.
• The day also marks a call to action for accelerating gender parity.
• This year's theme for International Day is "Women in leadership: Achieving an equal future in a COVID-19 world".​

Important Points

• National Women's Day- 13 February
• National Girl Child Day- 24 January
• International Day of the Girl Child- 11 October​

Additional Information

A team of six members is to be selected from five men M1, M2, M3, M4 and M5 and five women W1, W2, W3, W4 and W5.

The given conditions are;

• M2 has to be selected with W4.
• W1 has to be selected with M3.
• W3 has to be selected with W2.
• M1 cannot be selected with M5 or W5.
• W4 cannot be selected with M4 or M3.

Now, check options, 

Option 1- M2, M3, W1, W2, W3, W4 → False 

As per the given condition, W4 and M4 or M3 can not be selected together. So, this pair is not possible.

Option 2- M2, M5, W2, W3, W4, W5 → True 

It satisfy all the given conditions. So, it is the correct pair.

Option 3-  M1, M2, M3, M4, W1, W4 → False

As per the given conditions, W4 cannot be selected with M4 or M3. So, this pair is not possible.

Option 4- M1, M2, M3, W1, W4, W5 → False 

As per the given conditions, W4 cannot be selected with M4 or M3. So, this pair is not possible.

Hence, the correct pair is "M2, M5, W2, W3, W4, W5".

Given:

Variance of 5 values = 0.64

Formula Used:

Standard Deviation = \(\sqrt{Variance}\)

Calculation:

Variance = 0.64

⇒ Standard Deviation = \(\sqrt{0.64}\)

⇒ Standard Deviation = 0.8

The standard deviation of 5 values is 0.8.

The correct answer is Gandhi.

Key Points

• Bhanu Athaiya won an Oscar for her work in the 1983 epic film “Gandhi”.
• Bhanu Athaiya won the Best Costume Design Academy Award for Richard Attenborough’s film Gandhi. It was a first for India.
• Apart from the Oscar, Bhanu Athaiya has won two Best Costume Design National Awards – one for Lagaan and the other for the 1991 film Lekin.
• She passed away in Oct 2020, at the age of 91.
• She is the first Academy Award winner of India.
• She won the Oscar for Best Costume Design for the movie Gandhi in 1983.
• Bhanu Athaiya was born in Kolhapur and began her career as a costume designer in Hindi cinema with Guru Dutt’s movie C.I.D. in 1956.
• She jointly won the Academy Award for Best Costume Design with John Mollo, for Richard Attenborough's “Gandhi”.
• She created some of Bollywood's best-remembered looks, including Vyjayantihmala in "Aamrapaali", Waheeda Rehman in "Guide", etc.

Conclusions:

I: The top 10 employees in a division will have the top 10 Emotional Quotients. ⇒ Does not follow [We can not say that the top 10 employees will have the top 10 Emotional Quotients from the statement. Another possibility can happen also. ] 

I: Finding the Emotional Quotient of a candidate will give the hiring company extra useful information. ⇒ follow [It is true because an emotionally intelligent employee can give good ideas for the company's growth. ]

Hence, the correct answer is "Only conclusion II follows."

Given

Raman spends = 75% of his income 

Expenditure increased = 10%

Income increased = 20%

Formula used

Expenditure = Income - Savings

Calculation

Let the income be 100x

Raman  expenditure = 75% of 100x = 75x

Savings = 25x

Now if the expenditure is increased by 10%,

New expenditure = 75x × 110/100

⇒ 82.5x

And if Income is increased by 20%

New income = 100x × 120/100

⇒ 120x

New savings = New income - New expenditure 

New savings = 120x - 82.5x = 37.5x

The percentage increase in savings = (New savings - old savings)/old savings × 100

The percentage increase in savings= (37.5x - 25x)/25x × 100

The percentage increase in savings = 50%

The correct option is 50%.