Official Paper

MPPEB Group 2 Subgroup 4 Labour Inspector Official Paper(Held On: 11th Jan 2017 Shift 2) (Previous Year Paper)

200 questions · 180 minutes · with answers · free

Part A (100 questions)

1

One of the planets has the least density among all the planets. The planet is

  1. ((a))

    Jupiter

  2. ((b))

    Saturn

  3. ((c))

    Uranus

  4. ((d))

    Neptune

Show Answer
Answer: ((b))

Saturn

Concept:

  • The order of the planets in the solar system starting nearest the sun: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune.

  • All the planets orbit the sun in a counter-clockwise direction and rotate on their axis west to east, except Venus and Uranus.
  • Venus and Uranus rotate clockwise east to west while Uranus rolls on its side as it orbits the sun.

Explanation:

Saturn:

  • Saturn is very large and is the second largest planet in the Solar System.
  • Saturn is mainly composed of the lightest two gases known, hydrogen and helium.
  • It is the only planet in our solar system whose density is less than water.
  • The least dense planet in the Solar System is Saturn, which has an average density of only 687 kg/m3. (0.687 grams per cubic centimeter)

Therefore, the correct answer is Saturn.

Key Points

  • Earth  has the highest density in the Solar System which has a density of 5.514 g/cm3.
  • Venus is the hottest planet in the solar system.
  • Sun is not a planet is a star at the center of the solar system.
  • Jupiter is the 5th planet from the sun and the largest planet in the solar system.
  • Mars is called the red planet because it appears in the sky as a red star, and also its surface is covered with fine sand & dust full of iron oxide.
2

Humans cannot digest grass like the cow, because of the presence of

  1. ((a))

    Chlorophyll in grass

  2. ((b))

    Pesticides in grass

  3. ((c))

    Proteins in grass

  4. ((d))

    Cellulose in grass

Show Answer
Answer: ((d))

Cellulose in grass

The correct answer is Cellulose in grass.

Key Points

  • Cellulose is a type of carbohydrate that can be digested by ruminants and not by humans.
  • Ruminants have a large sac-like structure called a rumen between the esophagus and the small intestine.
  • The cellulose of the food is digested here by the action of certain bacteria that are not present in humans.

Additional Information 

  • Carbohydrates are naturally occurring sugars, starches, and fiber in food.
  • All carbohydrates are made up of sugar molecules.
  • Sugar molecules linked together form starches and fiber.
  • Whole grains are the best source of carbohydrates because they provide energy plus vitamins, minerals, and fiber.
  • Carbohydrates are classified into three subtypes:
  • Monosaccharides, (mono = ”one”, “alone”; saccharide = “sugar, sweet”)
  • Disaccharides (di = “two”; saccharide = “sugar, sweet”)
  • Polysaccharides(poly = “many"; saccharide = “sugar, sweet”).
3

The yellow part of the yolk in the hen's egg is

  1. ((a))

    A single cell

  2. ((b))

    More than one cell

  3. ((c))

    A cell which has undergone division

  4. ((d))

    Not a cell

Show Answer
Answer: ((a))

A single cell

The correct answer is A single cell.

  • The edible chicken egg is a single cell containing both protein and fat components.
  • The egg develops into a chicken with the division of a single cell leading to the development of the embryo.
  • Therefore, the whole egg behaves like a single cell.

Key Points

  • The yolk is the nutrient-rich part of the egg.
  • Its main function is to supply food for the developing embryo.
  • It contains fat and protein.
  • Type of yolk: Yolk is of two types:
  • Yellow yolk - it contains more phospholipids.
  • White Yolk - It is rich in protein.
4

The type of soil, best suited for making pots, toys and statues is

  1. ((a))

    Sandy soil

  2. ((b))

    Loamy soil

  3. ((c))

    Clayey soil

  4. ((d))

    Top soil

Show Answer
Answer: ((c))

Clayey soil

The correct answer is Clayey soil.

Key Points 

  • Clayey soil:
  • The proportion of fine particles is relatively higher, then it is called clayey soil.
  • Clayey soils have less air.
  • Clayey soil is used to make pots, toys and statues.

Additional Information 

  • The best soil for growing plants is Loamy soil.
  • The best topsoil for growing plants is loam.
  • Loamy soil is a mixture of sand, clay and another type of soil particle known as silt.
  • Silt occurs as a deposit in riverbeds.
  • The size of the silt particles is between those of sand and clay.
  • The loamy soil also has humus in it.
  • It has the right water holding capacity for the growth of plants.
  • Sandy soil:
  • If soil contains a greater proportion of big particles it is called sandy soil.
  • This kind of soil has a low nutrient level.
  • The water holding capacity of this soil is low.
  • Silty soil:
  • Filtration of water can be a problem in this kind of soil.
  • It has a higher proclivity for forming a crust.
  • It has the potential to become compact and firm.
  • Topsoil:
  • It is the uppermost layer of the soil. It has a high level of organic matter and microbial activity.
  • The depth of the topsoil usually extends up to 5-10 inches.
  • Formation of topsoil typically takes around more than 100-500 years which is an incredibly slow process.
5

The distance travelled by a car is measured by

  1. ((a))

    Anemometer

  2. ((b))

    Barometer

  3. ((c))

    Odometer

  4. ((d))

    Speedometer

Show Answer
Answer: ((c))

Odometer

The correct answer is Odometer.

Key Points

  • Odometer:
  • An odometer is an instrument used for measuring the distance travelled by a vehicle.
  • The odometer is usually situated on the vehicle's dashboard.

Additional Information

  • Difference between odometer and speedometer:
OdometerSpeedometer
- It is an instrument used for measuring the distance travelled by a vehicle.- It is an instrument used for measuring the speed of a running vehicle.
  • Anemometer:
  • ​It is an instrument used to measure the speed of the wind, which is a common weather station instrument, or to calculate any form of current gas.
  • Barometer 
  • A barometer is a scientific instrument used to measure atmospheric pressure, also called barometric pressure.
  • The atmosphere is the layers of air wrapped around the Earth.
  • That air has a weight and presses against everything it touches as gravity pulls it to Earth.
6

An electromagnet is attracted by

  1. ((a))

    Plastic

  2. ((b))

    Rubber

  3. ((c))

    Iron

  4. ((d))

    Wood

Show Answer
Answer: ((c))

Iron

The correct answer is Iron.

Key Points

  • An electromagnet is a device consisting of a core of magnetic material surrounded by a coil, through which an electric current is passed to magnetize the core.
  • An electromagnet is attracted by Iron.
  • An electromagnet is used wherever controllable magnets are required.
  • Electromagnetism is directly proportional to the number of turns of the coil, the current flow through the coil, and the material of the coil.
  • As the flow of current and number of turns increases, the strength of the electromagnet increases.
  • Using a soft core increase the strength of the electromagnet because when the core is made up of a soft or hard magnetic material. Soft iron will magnetize more readily than steel

Additional Information 

  • Electromagnets are controllable.
  • Electromagnets have adjustable power levels.
  • They are used in MRI and Generators.
  • Electromagnetic strength is directly proportional to the number of turns and the current flowing through it.
7

For melting gold & silver, goldsmiths blow the flame with a metallic blow pipe using

  1. ((a))

    Outermost zone of the flame

  2. ((b))

    Innermost zone of the flame

  3. ((c))

    Yellow zone of the flame

  4. ((d))

    Dark zone of the flame

Show Answer
Answer: ((a))

Outermost zone of the flame

The correct answer is Outermost zone of the flame.

Explanation:

A flame is divided into 3 zones: the outermost, the middle, and the innermost zone.

  • The outermost part of the flame produces the most heat.
  • Goldsmiths blow the outermost zone of a flame with a metallic blow-pipe for melting gold and silver.
  • Goldsmith uses the outermost zone of flame for melting because it is the hottest part of the flame.
  • Because gold and silver have a high melting point and require the most heat, goldsmiths melt them with the outermost part of the flame.
  • The outermost part of the flame contains a high amount of heat and also allows the particles to completely burn.
  • It is also referred to as the non-luminous zone.
  • It is completely combustible.
  • It means that it burns with an air supply.
  • The hottest zone is used for metal melting.
  • It has blue colour.
  • It emits carbon dioxide.
8

Allowing the field to remain vacant for one full season is called

  1. ((a))

    Crop rotation

  2. ((b))

    Multiple cropping

  3. ((c))

    Field fallow

  4. ((d))

    Monoculture

Show Answer
Answer: ((c))

Field fallow

The correct answer is Field fallow.

Key Points

  • Fallow is a farming technique in which arable land is left without sowing for one or more vegetative cycles.
  • The goal is to allow the land to recover and store organic matter.
  • To retain moisture and disrupting the lifecycles of pathogens by temporarily removing their hosts.
  • Fallowing is also essential to biodiversity,which ensures the presence of predators which can control pests.
  • It is a technique often used in crop rotation.

Additional Information

  • Monoculture
  • It is the agricultural practice of producing or growing a single crop, plant, or livestock species, variety, or breed in a field or farming system at a time.
  • Crop Rotation:
  • By growing the same type of crop continuously in the same land, the fertility of the land gradually starts getting destroyed and the production also starts decreasing.
  • For this, it is necessary to sow crops alternately that it is better than to grow a crop continuously in the same field.
  • The process of sowing different crops in a field every year is called crop rotation.
  • Crop rotation increases the fertility of the soil.
  • Crop rotation is an important part of the cropping system.
9

Nucleus is separated from the cytoplasm by a

  1. ((a))

    Cell membrane

  2. ((b))

    Endoplasmic reticulum

  3. ((c))

    Nuclear membrane

  4. ((d))

    Cell wall

Show Answer
Answer: ((c))

Nuclear membrane

Concept:

  • A cell is a basic structural & functional unit of life of all existing living organisms.
  • A cell consists of different cell organelles like mitochondria, chloroplasts, endoplasmic reticulum, nucleus, etc.
  • Every organelle performs a specific function that is required for the proper functioning of the cell
<br>

Explanation:

  • The nucleus is a pivotal organelle responsible to regulate almost all forms of cellular activities.
  • The nucleus has a double-layered covering called a nuclear membrane or nuclear envelope which separates the nucleus from the cytoplasm
  • The nuclear membrane has pores that allow the transfer of material from inside the nucleus to its outside, that is, to the cytoplasm

Important Points

Some of the Important points on the Nucleus, useful for exams:

  • Robert Brown, a British Biologist discovered the nucleus in the year 1831.
  • This cell organelle was named nucleus according to the Latin word nucleus/ nucleus meaning a seed.
  • The study of the nucleus is called Karyology.
  • The nucleus is a double membrane-bound dense protoplasmic body, which controls all the cellular metabolism and encloses the genetic information of the cell.
  • The nucleus is considered the controller or director of the cell.
10

In the side mirror of a scooter, the images of all objects appear

  1. ((a))

    Larger than objects themselves

  2. ((b))

    Smaller than objects themselves

  3. ((c))

    Same size as that of the object

  4. ((d))

    Inverted and enlarged

Show Answer
Answer: ((b))

Smaller than objects themselves

Concept:

  • A mirror is a reflective surface that bounces off light, producing either a real image or a virtual image. When an object is placed in front of a mirror, the image of the same object is seen in the mirror.
  • The two of the most prominent types of mirrors are:
  • Plane Mirrors
  • Spherical Mirrors
  • Spherical mirrors are of two types namely:
  • Concave Mirror
  • Convex Mirror

Explanation:

  • The side mirrors of the car and the rearview mirror of motor vehicles are made up of convex mirrors.

Convex Mirror:

  • If the outer surface of the spherical mirror acts as a reflector then the mirror is called a convex mirror,
  • It is also known as a diverging mirror.

The characteristics of an image formed in a Convex mirror:

  • The image is always formed behind the mirror between the pole and its focus.
  • The image formed by a convex mirror is always virtual and erect.
  • The size of the image is always smaller than the object.
  • The focal length of a convex mirror is half of its radius of curvature.
  • Its magnification is always positive.

Therefore, the image of an object formed by the side glass of motor vehicles is erect, virtual, and smaller in size than the object.

Additional Information 

Concave mirror:

  • If the reflection takes place from the inner surface of a spherical mirror, then the mirror is called a concave mirror.
  • It is also known as a converging mirror.
  • Depending on the point of the object:     
  • The image may be real or virtual.
  • image may be erect or inverted.
  • image may be magnified or diminished.
  • They are widely used as shaving mirrors, doctor's head mirrors, etc.

Plane Mirror:

  • A plane mirror is a mirror with a flat (planar) reflective surface.
  • The image formed by the plane mirror is virtual and erect.
  • The focal length of the plane mirror is infinite.
  • The distance of the image ‘behind’ the mirror is the same as the distance of the object in front of the mirror.
  • The size of the image formed is the same as the size of the object.
11

The ultimate source of energy for all organisms is

  1. ((a))

    Wind energy

  2. ((b))

    Tidal energy

  3. ((c))

    Solar energy

  4. ((d))

    Hydel energy

Show Answer
Answer: ((c))

Solar energy

The correct answer is Solar energy.

Key Points

  • The sun is considered the ultimate source of energy.
  • Plants convert light energy from the sun into chemical energy (food) by the process of photosynthesis.
  • Hence the food we get from plants and animals also has its primary sunlight source.

Additional Information

  • Sun:
  • Every day, the sun radiates (sends out) an enormous amount of energy.
  • It radiates more energy each day than the world uses in one year.
  • Solar energy is a renewable energy source.
  • The sun’s energy comes from within the sun itself.
  • Like most stars, the sun is made up mostly of hydrogen and helium atoms in a plasma state.
  • The sun generates energy from a process called nuclear fusion.
12

Areas where animals are protected from any disturbance to them & their habitat is called

  1. ((a))

    Zoo

  2. ((b))

    Sanctuary

  3. ((c))

    National park

  4. ((d))

    Biosphere reserve

Show Answer
Answer: ((b))

Sanctuary

Concept:

  • To protect our flora and fauna and their habitats, protected areas called sanctuaries, national parks and biosphere reserves have been earmarked.
  • Plantation, cultivation, grazing, felling trees, hunting and poaching are prohibited there.

Explanation:

  • A place where animals are protected in their natural habitat is called a Wildlife sanctuary.
  • Wildlife sanctuaries provide protection and suitable living conditions to wild animals.
  • Sanctuaries are places where killing (poaching) or capturing animals is strictly prohibited.
  • Some of the threatened wild animals like blackbuck, white-eyed buck, elephant, golden cat, pink-headed duck, gharial, marsh crocodile, python, rhinoceros, etc. are protected and preserved in wildlife sanctuaries.

Additional Information

  • National Park: Areas reserved for wildlife where they can freely use the habitats and natural resources.
  • Biosphere Reserve: Large areas of protected land for conservation of wildlife, plant and animal resources and traditional life of the tribals living in the area.
13

Identify the scalar quantity

  1. ((a))

    Distance

  2. ((b))

    Displacement

  3. ((c))

    Force

  4. ((d))

    Velocity

Show Answer
Answer: ((a))

Distance

The correct answer is Distance.

Key Points

  • A scalar quantity is defined as a physical quantity with magnitude and no direction.
  • Mass, Speed, Distance, Time, Area, Volume, Density, and Temperature are examples of Scalar Quantity.
  • A vector quantity is defined as a physical quantity that has both directions as well as magnitude.
  • Linear momentum, Acceleration, Displacement, Momentum, Angular velocity, Force, Electric field, and Polarization is the Vector quantity.

Additional Information

  • Electric Current has a definite direction yet it is a scalar quantity.
  • William Rowan Hamilton is given credit for inventing vectors.
  • A zero vector is a vector with zero magnitudes and an arbitrary direction.
14

Melamine used for making floor tiles is an example of

  1. ((a))

    Thermoplastics

  2. ((b))

    Thermo setting plastic

  3. ((c))

    PVC

  4. ((d))

    Polythene

Show Answer
Answer: ((b))

Thermo setting plastic

The correct answer is Thermo setting plastic.

Key Points 

  • Melamine used for making floor tiles is an example of Thermo setting plastic.
  • Melamine is a versatile material which can resist fire and tolerate heat better than other plastics.
  • It is used for making floor tiles, kitchenware, and fireman fabrics.
  • Formed by the polymerization of ‘melamine’ and ‘formaldehyde’
  • Is a type of “Copolymer & Cross-linked polymers”
  • Very hard and tough, used for making crockery (doesn’t break easily).

Additional Information

  • The polymer can be divided into two types thermoplastics and thermosetting plastics.
  • Thermoplastics: 
  • They are polymers that can be deformed on heating and can be reformed into different shapes.
  • Examples: Polythene and PVC.
  • Thermosetting plastics:
  • They are polymers that cannot be deformed on heating or remolded into a new shape.
  • Thermosetting plastics are polymers that become irreversibly rigid on heating.
  • Initially, it is in liquid form or soft solid, heat provides energy for covalent bond formation, crosslinking the polymer subunits. Thus the polymer becomes rigid.
  • Examples: Bakelite, epoxy resin, melamine, etc.
15

The zygote would develop into a female child if the sex determining pair of chromosomes is made up of

  1. ((a))

    A set of XX chromosomes

  2. ((b))

    A set of YY chromosomes

  3. ((c))

    A set of XY chromosomes

  4. ((d))

    Both XX and YY chromosomes

Show Answer
Answer: ((a))

A set of XX chromosomes

The correct answer is A set of XX chromosomes.

Key Points

  • The sex-determining mechanism in humans is the XY type. Humans contain 23 pairs of chromosomes.
  • The sex of the child is determined by the father's chromosomes.
  • 22 pairs of chromosomes are the same in both males and females, which are called autosomes.
  • The 23rd pair is different in both sexes and is known as the sex chromosome.
  • Females have a pair of X chromosomes and males have X and Y chromosomes as sex chromosomes.
  • Hence, The zygote would develop into a female child if the sex determining pair of chromosomes is made up of a set of XX chromosomes.

Important Points 

  • In humans, the females have XX sex chromosomes while the males have XY chromosomes.
  • Hence, The zygote would develop into a female child if the sex determining pair of chromosomes is made up of a set of XX chromosomes.
  • When the X chromosome of a female unites with the X chromosome of a male, a girl will be born and when the X chromosome of females unites with the Y chromosome of a male, a boy will be born.
  • Thus, the sex chromosome of males (father) determines the sex of the child.​
Mother/FatherXY
XXX (Daughter)XY(Son)
XXX(Daughter)XY(Son)

16

Bacterial diseases are

  1. ((a))

    Polio & chicken pox

  2. ((b))

    Typhoid & T.B

  3. ((c))

    Ring worm & tape worm

  4. ((d))

    Dysentery & malaria

Show Answer
Answer: ((b))

Typhoid & T.B

The correct answer is Typhoid & T.B

Key Points

  • Typhoid -
  • Cause - Salmonella typhi (bacterium).
  • Symptoms - High fever, vomiting, stomach pains, diarrhea, and weakness.
  • Transmission - It can spread through sewage contamination of food and water.
  • Hence, it is a communicable disease.
  • Tuberculosis (TB) is caused by bacteria (Mycobacterium tuberculosis) that most often affect the lungs.
  • Tuberculosis is curable and preventable.

Additional Information

  • Diseases like polio and chickenpox are caused by viruses.
  • Ringworm & tapeworm is a common skin infection that is caused by fungus.
  • Diseases like dysentery and malaria are caused by protozoa.
17

The SI unit of temperature is

  1. ((a))

    Degree Celsius

  2. ((b))

    Degree Fahrenheit

  3. ((c))

    Kelvin

  4. ((d))

    Fahrenheit

Show Answer
Answer: ((c))

Kelvin

Explanation:

Celsius scale:

  • In this scale, a lower fixed point (ice point) is taken 0° and the upper fixed point (steam point) is taken 100°.
  • The temperature measured on this scale all in degree celsius (°C).

Fahrenheit scale:

  • This scale of temperature has a lower fixed point at 32° F and an upper fixed point at 212° F.
  • The change in temperature of 1° F corresponds to a change of less than 1° on the Celsius scale.

Kelvin scale:

  • The Kelvin temperature scale is also known as the thermodynamic scale. The triple point of water is also selected to be the zero of the scale of temperature.
  • The temperatures measured on this scale are in Kelvin (K).
  • The S.I unit of temperature is Kelvin.

Note:

  • The Kelvin is the primary unit of temperature but is often used in conjunction with the Celsius degree, which has the same magnitude. Therefore option 1 is correct.
  • The definition implies that absolute zero (0 K) is equivalent to −273.15 °C.

Important PointsAll these temperatures are related to each other by the following relationship:

F329=C5=K2735\frac{{F - 32}}{9} = \frac{C}{5} = \frac{{K - 273}}{5}

18

Metals react with dilute acids to produce a gas that burns with a Pop Sound. The gas is

  1. ((a))

    Hydrogen

  2. ((b))

    Sulphur dioxide

  3. ((c))

    Carbon dioxide

  4. ((d))

    Nitrogen

Show Answer
Answer: ((a))

Hydrogen

The correct answer is Hydrogen.

Key Points

  • Metals react with dilute acids to produce a gas that burns with a Pop Sound. The gas is Hydrogen.
  • An acid reacts with Metal:
  • When an acid reacts with metal then we get salt and hydrogen gas(H2) as a by-product.
  • Acid + Metal → Salt + Hydrogen gas
  • The reaction that takes place can be written as follows:
  • 2HCl+Na→ NaCl (salt) + H2

Note:

  • When an acid reacts with metal oxide then we get water(H2O) as a by-product.
  • Metal oxide + Acid → Salt + Water(H2O).​
  • Neutralization is a chemical reaction in which an acid and a base react with each other.

For Example : HCl + NaOH→  NaCl + H2O

19

Which is the best method to prevent soil erosion ?

  1. ((a))

    Deforestation

  2. ((b))

    Afforestation

  3. ((c))

    Heavy rainfall

  4. ((d))

    Waterlogging

Show Answer
Answer: ((b))

Afforestation

The correct answer is Afforestation.

Key Points

  • Afforestation:
  • It is a process of planting trees on the land to create a forest.
  • It maintains biodiversity and ecological balance.
  • It prevents global warming, pollution, and erosion of soil.
  • It purifies the environment and reduces the level of carbon dioxide.

Additional Information

  • Soil Erosion: It is a process in which the top fertile layer of soil is lost by natural forces. Due to soil erosion, the soil becomes less fertile.
  • Causes of soil erosion:
  • Wind: When strong winds blow, the topsoil along with the organic matter is carried away by the wind. This happens more often when the land is not covered with grass or plants.
  • Water: When it rains in hilly areas, the soil gets washed away towards the plains. The running water deposits the mineral-rich soil in the riverbed.
  • Overgrazing: When cattle are allowed to graze on the same field repeatedly, all the available grass, including the roots are eaten by them. This makes the topsoil vulnerable to wind and flowing water, leading to soil erosion.
  • Deforestation: Humans have taken land from the forest to cultivate in order to feed the ever-increasing population and to build houses, industries, etc. Cutting down of trees on a large scale for these purposes is known as deforestation.
20

Sunlight consists of

  1. ((a))

    8 colours

  2. ((b))

    7 colours

  3. ((c))

    5 colours

  4. ((d))

    4 colors

Show Answer
Answer: ((b))

7 colours

CONCEPT:

  • White light consists of seven colours and Isaac Newton passed the white light through a prism and got seven different colours.
  • Sunlight splits into 7 colors – Violet, Indigo, Blue, Green, Yellow, Orange, and Red (VIBGYOR).
  • Dispersion of light: The splitting of white light, when it passes through a glass prism into its constituent spectrum is known as the dispersion of light.
  • A rainbow is a natural phenomenon showing dispersion.

EXPLANATION:

  • Sir Isaac Newton passed the white light through a prism and shows seven colours.
  • We can say that Newton discovered that white light consists of seven colours. Therefore option 4 is correct.
21

In order to stop corrosion, iron pipes and sheets are coated with Zinc metal. This process is

  1. ((a))

    Known as electroplating

  2. ((b))

    A chemical change

  3. ((c))

    Known as galvanizing

  4. ((d))

    Known as tinning

Show Answer
Answer: ((c))

Known as galvanizing

The correct answer is Known as galvanizing.

Concept:

Corrosion:

  • Corrosion is a process of deterioration of a metal as a result of its reaction with air or water (environment) surrounding it.
  • In the case of iron, corrosion is called rusting.
  • Chemically rust is a hydrated form of ferric oxide, Fe2O3 · xH2O.
  • Rusting of iron is generally caused by moisture, carbon dioxide, and oxygen present in the air.

Explanation:

Galvanization:

  • In order to stop corrosion, iron pipes and sheets are coated with Zinc metal. This process is called galvanization.
  • The zinc layer stops oxygen and water reaching the iron.
  • Zinc is more reactive than iron, so it also acts as a sacrificial metal.
  • This protection works, even if the zinc layer is scratched.
  • Tin, on the other hand, is less reactive than iron and has less affinity for oxygen as compared to zinc.
  • When iron can coated with tin is scratched, the exposed surface of iron will get rusted.
  • But, in the case of Zinc even if it is scratched, the iron will not be rusted.
22

A processed product of coal used in the extraction of iron is

  1. ((a))

    Wood

  2. ((b))

    Coal tar

  3. ((c))

    Coke

  4. ((d))

    Charcoal

Show Answer
Answer: ((c))

Coke

The correct answer is Coke.

Key Points

  • Coke
  • A processed product of coal used in the extraction of iron is Coke.
  • Coke is a high-carbon product obtained from the destructive refining of coal.
  • Coke has a high carbon content, to the point where it is said to be a nearly pure form of carbon..
  • Uses of Coke
  • Coke is most commonly used as a fuel for ovens, blacksmithing, and heaters.
  • It is occasionally preferred over coal because it produces very little smoke.
  • Coke is used to make steel and a variety of other materials.
23

Sweaters & Shawls are made from a synthetic fibre called ______.

  1. ((a))

    Rayon

  2. ((b))

    Acrylic

  3. ((c))

    Polyester

  4. ((d))

    Nylon

Show Answer
Answer: ((b))

Acrylic

The correct answer is Acrylic.

Key Points

  • Generally, sweaters, shawls, and blankets are worn in the winter are made up of a synthetic fiber called Acrylic.
  • Though they appear to resemble wool they are made up of Acrylic.
  • The wool obtained from natural sources is quite expensive, whereas clothes made from acrylic are relatively cheap.
  • They are available in a variety of colors. Synthetic fibers are more durable and affordable which makes them more popular than

natural fibers.

Additional Information

  • Acrylic is preferred over wool because: 
  • Wool derived from natural sources is fairly costly, whereas acrylic clothing is reasonably inexpensive.
  • It can be coloured in a wide range of colours.
  • Acrylic fibres do not felt together, making it easier to wash garments made of them than wool fibres.
  • Acrylic allergy is exceedingly uncommon, although wool or lanolin (a fatty component found in sheep wool) allergy is more frequent.
  • They are more popular than natural fibres since they are more durable.
  • They are of good quality for fashionable apparel.
24

The ultra sound equipment for investigating many medical problems works at frequencies

  1. ((a))

    Lower than 20 HZ

  2. ((b))

    Higher than 20000 HZ

  3. ((c))

    Between 20 to 20000 HZ

  4. ((d))

    At 20000 HZ

Show Answer
Answer: ((b))

Higher than 20000 HZ

Concept:

Sound Wave

  • Sound is a longitudinal mechanical wave that travels by creating alternate compression and rarefaction in the medium.
  • Sound is produced by vibrations.
  • Sound needs a medium to travel.

Frequency: 

  • The number of the complete cycle of compression and rarefaction produced in one second is called the frequency of sound
  • The frequency can also be defined as the number of vibrations produced by the source of sound in one second.
  • The unit of frequency is Hertz (Hz).
  • Infrasonic sounds have a frequency of less than 20 Hz and these are generally produced by sources of a bigger size such as earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, etc.
  • Sound waves with frequencies below the audible range are called infrasonic.
  • Audible sounds have the frequency of 20-20000 Hz since these are sensitive to the human ears
  • And if the frequency is greater or less than audible frequency, the human ear won't be able to sense it
  • Ultrasonic sounds have a frequency greater than 20000 Hz and certain creatures such as dogs, cats, bats can hear this kind of sound.

Explanation:

Ultrasound

  • The sound whose frequency is more than 20,000 Hz is known as ultrasound.
  • This has many applications in science and technology.
  • This due to its ability to travel along well-defined paths even in the presence of obstacles.
  • Ultrasound has many applications in medical science.

So, the correct option is above 20000 Hz.

Additional Information 

  • Applications in medical science
  • It is used in medical technologies like ‘echocardiography’.
  • It is used in the internal mapping of organs.
  • It is used to clean parts located in hard-to-reach places, for example, spiral tubes, odd-shaped parts, electronic components, etc
  • SONAR (Sound Navigation And Ranging) uses ultrasonic waves to measure the distances and other related parameters of any object.
25

The principle of working of an electric bell involves conversion of

  1. ((a))

    Electrical energy into sound energy

  2. ((b))

    Electrical energy to mechanical energy

  3. ((c))

    Mechanical energy into sound energy

  4. ((d))

    Mechanical energy into electrical energy

Show Answer
Answer: ((a))

Electrical energy into sound energy

The correct answer is Electrical energy into sound energy.

Key Points

  • Electric bell functions by means of an electromagnet.
  • When an electric current is applied it causes the spring-loaded arm to repeatedly contact the metal gong which produces a repetitive buzzing or tinkling sound.
  • Therefore, the electric bell converts electrical energy into sound energy

Additional Information

  • A device that converts electrical energy into mechanical energy is called a motor.
  • By beating the drum, mechanical energy is converted into sound energy.
  • Dynamos or generators generate electric current based on the phenomenon of electromagnetic induction.
  • It converts mechanical energy into electrical energy.
26

‘जेबकतरा' किस प्रकार का समास है?

  1. ((a))

    करण तत्पुरूष

  2. ((b))

    कर्म तत्पुरूष

  3. ((c))

    संप्रदान तत्पुरूष

  4. ((d))

    अपादान तत्पुरूष

Show Answer
Answer: ((b))

कर्म तत्पुरूष

‘जेबकतरा' - "कर्म तत्पुरूष समास"

‘जेबकतरा'- जेब को काटने वाला

कर्म कारक विभक्ति "को" का लोप।

Key Points

  1. तत्पुरुष समास- 'उत्तर पद प्रधान होता'।
  • पहचान- "कारक चिन्ह" का लोप हों जाना।

तत्पुरुष समास के भेद- 6 भेद

  1. कर्म तत्पुरुष- कर्म कारक विभक्ति "को" का लोप। उदाहरण- ‘जेबकतरा'
  2. करण तत्पुरुष- करण कारक विभक्ति "से", "के द्वारा" का लोप। उदाहरण- 'भयाकुल'
  3. सम्प्रदान तत्पुरुष - सम्प्रदान कारक की विभक्ति "के लिए" का लोप। उदाहरण- 'गौशाला'
  4. अपादान तत्पुरुष- अपादान कारक की विभक्ति "से" (अलग होने का भाव) का लोप। उदाहरण- 'गुणहीन'
  5. संबंध तत्पुरुष- संबंध कारक की विभक्ति "का" "की", "के" का लोप। उदाहरण- 'देशरक्षा'
  6. अधिकरण तत्पुरुष- अधिकरण कारक की विभक्ति "मे", "पर" का लोप। उदाहरण- 'लोकप्रिय'

Additional Informationसमास-  दो या दो से अधिक शब्दों से मिलकर बने नये सार्थक शब्द को समास कहते है। 

समास भेद- 6 भेद होते हैं। 

  • 1.अव्ययीभाव समास- 'पहला पद प्रधान तथा अव्यय होता है'
  • उदाहरण- प्रतिदिन, यथासंभव
  • 2.द्विगु समास- 'उत्तर पद प्रधान होता'।
  • उदाहरण- 'चौराहा' शब्द में 'चार राहों के समूह' का ज्ञान हो रहा है।
  • 3.तत्पुरुष समास- 'उत्तर पद प्रधान होता'।
  • उदाहरण- गगनचुम्बी
  • 4.बहुब्रीहि समास- 'अन्य पद प्रधान होता'।
  • जैसे- 'लंबोदर' "लंबा है उदर जिसका" अर्थात् "गणेश जी"।​
  • 5.कर्मधारय समास- 'उत्तर पद प्रधान होता'।
  • उदाहरण- 'नीलकंठ' "नीला है जो कंठ"।
  • 6.द्वंद्व समास- दोनों पद प्रधान होते है।
  • उदाहरण- 'जलवायु' "जल और वायु"।

Mistake Points

  • कारक चिन्ह- "से" करण विभक्ति मे 'साधन के तौर पर' तथा,अपादान विभक्ति मे 'अलगाव' होने का भाव' मे लगता।
27

विज्ञानविधि, चिकित्सा शास्त्र आदि में प्रयुक्त हिन्दी कहलाती है

  1. ((a))

    राजभाषा

  2. ((b))

    संचारी हिन्दी

  3. ((c))

    तकनीकी हिन्दी

  4. ((d))

    वाणिज्यिक हिन्दी

Show Answer
Answer: ((c))

तकनीकी हिन्दी

विज्ञानविधि, चिकित्सा शास्त्र आदि में प्रयुक्त हिन्दी कहलाती है- "तकनीकी हिन्दी"

"तकनीकी हिन्दी"- तकनीकी हिन्दी या वैज्ञानिक हिन्दी से मतलब हिन्दी के उस रूप से है जिसका उपयोग विज्ञान और तकनीकी विषयों को व्यक्त करने के लिए किया जाता है। 1961 में भारत सरकार के शिक्षा मंत्रालय के द्वारा वैज्ञानिक और तकनीकी शब्दावली आयोग की स्थापना की गई। विज्ञान एंव टेक्नोलाजी की भाषा सामान्य व्यवहार की भाषा से हमेशा अलग होती है। 

Key Points 

  • "वाणिज्यिक हिन्दी"वाणिज्य या व्यापार, हिन्दी भाषा के प्रयोग का दूसरा महत्वपूर्ण क्षेत्र है। इसके अन्तर्गत व्यापार, वाणिज्य, व्यवसाय, परिवहन, बीमा, बैंकिग तथा आयात-निर्यात आदि क्षेत्र मिले होते है। इन क्षेत्रों में उपयोग की जाने वाली भाषा अन्य क्षेत्रों में उपयोग की जाने वाली भाषा से बहुत अलग होती है जैसे कि, सोने में उछाल, चाँदी में गिरावट, तेल की ऊँची धार आदि। हिन्दी भाषा की वाणिज्यिक प्रयोग करने का क्षेत्र बहुत बड़ा और बहुत प्रचलित है।
  • "संचारी हिन्दी"जन-संचार के क्षेत्र में हिन्दी का खूब उपयोग हो रहा है। आज हिन्दी के समाचार पत्र दुनिया के सबसे ज्यादा पढ़े जाने वाले पत्र बन गए हैं। लुभाने वाले वाक्य-विन्यास, शब्दों का अच्छा चयन एवं प्रवाहमय भाषा की संरचना आदि भाषा के मुख्य तत्त्व हैं। आज के समय में हिन्दी के जन संचार के माध्यमों में समाचार-पत्र, पत्रिकाएँ, रेडियों, दूरदर्शन, सिनेमा आदि आते हैं।
  • "राजभाषा"-  कार्यालयी हिन्दी के लिए 'राजभाषा हिन्दी' का उपयोग किया जाता है। इसलिए कार्यालयी हिन्दी के उद्देश्य को समझने के लिए राजभाषा हिन्दी को जानना जरूरी है। सामान्य नागरिक 'राजभाषा हिन्दी' को गलतफहमी के कारण राज्यों की हिन्दी मानते आए हैं। लेकिन राजभाषा का उपयोग अंग्रेजी में 'Official Language' के रूप में किया जाता है। इसका अर्थ 'राज' की भाषा से है। 'राज की भाषा' से यहाँ मतलब राज-काज की भाषा, प्रशासन की भाषा, सरकारी काम-काज की भाषा या कार्यालय की भाषा से है।

 

Important Pointsप्रयोजनपरक हिंदी-  प्रयोजनमूलक हिन्दी का अर्थ-'ऐसी विशिष्ट हिन्दी जिसका प्रयोग किसी विशिष्ट प्रयोजन (उद्देश्य) के लिए किया जाता है'। तथा जो विज्ञान, तकनीकी, विधि, संचार, वाणिज्यिक हिन्दी एवं अन्य गतिविधियों में प्रयुक्त होती है। इसे 'कामकाजी हिन्दी' भी कहा जाता है।

इसके अन्य रूप- 

  1. तकनीकी हिन्दी
  2. वाणिज्यिक हिन्दी
  3. संचारी हिन्दी
  4. कार्यालयी हिन्दी
28

'पानी-पानी होना' मुहावरे का क्या अर्थ है।

  1. ((a))

    लज्जित होना

  2. ((b))

    पानी में भीग जाना

  3. ((c))

    शांत होना

  4. ((d))

    निराश होना

Show Answer
Answer: ((a))

लज्जित होना

'पानी-पानी होना' मुहावरे का अर्थ- "लज्जित होना"

वाक्य प्रयोग- श्याम अपने मालिक के घर चोरी करते पकड़ा गया तो वह "पानी-पानी हों गया"

Key Pointsमुहावरा एक अरबी शब्द है।

हिंदी मे इसे वाग्धारा कहते।

मुहावरों का प्रयोग सामान्य-सी बात को 'विशेष वाक्य' में कहने में होता।

  • 'शर्म से पानी-पानी होना'- 'बहुत लजाना'।
  • वाक्य प्रयोग- राजू "शर्म से पानी पानी हों गया" जब वह चोरी करते हुए पकड़ा गया।
  • 'हताश होना'- 'निराश होना'।
  • वाक्य प्रयोग- रोहन को शिक्षक के पद से हटाये जाने पर वह "हताश हों गया"

Additional Informationकुछ अन्य महत्वपूर्ण मुहावरे-

  • 'कलम तोडना' -"बहुत अच्छा लिखना"।
  • वाक्य प्रयोग- सौरब ने अपनी आत्मकथा लिखने में "कलम तोड़ दी"।
  • दिन दूनी रात चौगनी- "खूब उन्नति होना"।
  • वाक्य प्रयोग- रामनरेश की शहर जाकर "दिन दूनी रात चौगनी" की है।

Mistake Points 

  • 'पानी-पानी होना' मुहावरे का अर्थ- "लज्जित होना" होगा, ना कि "पानी में भीग जाना"।
29

किस बहुवचन शब्द की वर्तनी सही नहीं है -

  1. ((a))

    नदियाँ

  2. ((b))

    लड़कियां

  3. ((c))

    टोपियाँ

  4. ((d))

    नीतियाँ

Show Answer
Answer: ((b))

लड़कियां

"लड़कियां" शब्द की वर्तनी सही नहीं है।

सही वर्तनी होगीं- "लड़कियाँ

Key Points

  • वर्तनी- लिखने की रीति को 'वर्तनी' या 'अक्षरी' कहते है।
  1. नदी- नदियाँ
  2. टोपी- टोपियाँ
  3. नीति- नीतियाँ
  4. यह सभी शुद्ध वर्तनी है।

Additional Information

  • वर्तनी संबधित अशुद्धियाँ निम्न प्रकार की होती है-
  1. स्वर सम्बंधित अशुद्धियाँ। जैसे- प्रतिक्षा 'प्रतीक्षा'।
  2. व्यंजन संबंधी अशुद्धियां। जैसे- वाण 'बाण'।
  3. समास संबंधी अशुद्धियां। जैसे- निरपराधी 'निरपराध'।
  4. संधि संबंधी अशुद्धियां। जैसे- सदोपयोग 'सदुपयोग'।
  5. विसर्ग संबंधी अशुद्धियां। जैसे- दुख 'दुःख'।
  6. हलंत संबंधी अशुद्धियां। जैसे- पंचम् 'पंचम'।

Confusion Points

  • इ-ई से अंत होने वाले 'स्त्रीलिंग शब्द' बहुवचन में 'इयाँ' हो जाते हैं।
  • जैसे- चींटी- चींटियाँ, रानी- रानियाँ, लड़की-लड़कियाँ।
30

'कनक' का अर्थ है-

  1. ((a))

    काला

  2. ((b))

    चतुर

  3. ((c))

    किरण

  4. ((d))

    खजूर

Show Answer
Answer: ((d))

खजूर

'कनक' का अर्थ है- "खजूर"

कनक के अन्य अर्थ- गेंहू, सोना, धतूरा आदि।

Key Points

अन्य शब्दार्थ-

  1. काला- कलुषित, श्याम, श्याह।
  2. चतुर- कुशल, चालाक, खैरियत।
  3. किरण- रश्मि, अंश, हिस्सा।
  4. पानी- इज्ज़त, जल, चमक।

Important Points

अर्थ के आधार पर शब्द- 4 प्रकार के होते है।

  1. एकार्थी शब्द - एक अर्थ वाले, व्यक्तिवाचक संज्ञा के शब्द इसी श्रेणी में आते है। जैसे- गंगा, पटना।
  2. अनेकार्थी शब्द- अनेक अर्थ वाले शब्द। जैसे- कनक, पानी।
  3. समानार्थी शब्द- समान अर्थ देने वाले शब्द। जैसे- बादल; 'मेघ,जलद,वारिद'।
  4. विलोम शब्द- विपरीत अर्थ देने वाले शब्द। जैसे- पाप-पुण्य।

Confusion Points "कनक" शब्द अनेकार्थी शब्द है।

  • कनक के अर्थ- धतूरा, सोना,गेंहू, खजूर आदि।
  • कनक का अर्थ किरण, चतुर, या काला नहीं होगा।
31

मौखिक भाषा की मूलभूत इकाई है:

  1. ((a))

    ध्वनि

  2. ((b))

    वर्ण

  3. ((c))

    लिपि

  4. ((d))

    संज्ञा

Show Answer
Answer: ((a))

ध्वनि

मौखिक भाषा की मूलभूत इकाई- "ध्वनि"

ध्वनि को मौखिक भाषा की सबसे छोटी इकाई भी कहते है।

Key Points

  1. वर्ण- लिखित भाषा की मूलभूत इकाई तथा लिखित भाषा की सबसे छोटी इकाई
  2. जैसे- अ, इ, क, ख आदि।
  3. लिपि- हर एक ध्वनि को लिखने के लिए कोई न कोई चिन्ह बनाया जाता है, इन्ही ध्वनि चिन्हों को लिपि कहते है।
  4. जैसे- हिन्दी भाषा की देवनागरी लिपि'
  5. संज्ञा- किसी व्यक्ति, वस्तु, जाति, स्थान आदि का बोध कराने वाले शब्द को संज्ञा कहते है।
  6. जैसे- राधा, इटावा, पुस्तक आदि।

Additional Information

भाषा के प्रकार- 3 प्रकार की होती है।

  1. मौखिक भाषा- अपने विचारों को बोलचाल के माध्यम से किसी के सामने रखना मौखिक भाषा कहलाती है।
  2. लिखित भाषा- अपने विचारों को लिखित रूप मे किसी तक पहुँचाना लिखित भाषा कहलाती है।
  3. सांकेतिक भाषा- संकेत के माध्यम से अपने विचारों को किसी तक पहुँचाना सांकेतिक भाषा कहलाती है।

Confusion Points

भाषा की दो मूलभूत इकाइयाँ होती है- 

  1. ध्वनि।
  2. शब्द।
  • भाषा की सबसे छोटी तथा मूल इकाई वर्ण या ध्वनि को कहते।
32

व्यंजन, व्यजन, विजन इन तीनों शब्दों के क्रमशः सही अर्थ वाली पंक्ति को चुनें

  1. ((a))

    खाद्य पदार्थ, सुनसान, पंखा

  2. ((b))

    खाद्य पदार्थ, पंखा, सुनसान

  3. ((c))

    पंखा, खाद्य पदार्थ, सुनसान

  4. ((d))

    सुनसान, खाद्य पदार्थ, पंखा

Show Answer
Answer: ((b))

खाद्य पदार्थ, पंखा, सुनसान

व्यंजन, व्यजन, विजन इन तीनों शब्दों के क्रमशः सही अर्थ- "खाद्य पदार्थ, पंखा, सुनसान"

  1. वाक्य प्रयोग- आज दावत में स्वादिष्ट व्यंजनों के मजे लेगे।
  2. वाक्य प्रयोग- मम्मी बुआ जी पर व्यजन कर रही हैं।
  3. वाक्य प्रयोग- पंकज रोहन को रात के अँधेरे में विजन रास्ते पर लेकर गया।

Mistake Points 

  1. 'व्यजन' अर्थ- 'पंखा' होता।
  2. 'विजन' अर्थ- 'सूनसान' या 'एकांत' होता है न की 'पंखा'।

Key Points

  • श्रुतिसम भिन्नार्थक शब्द युग्म- ऐसे शब्द जो सुनने तथा बोलने में लगभग एक जैसे लगते, 'श्रुतिसम भिन्नार्थक शब्द युग्म कहलाते है'।
  • जैसे- अंश, अंस,आदि।
शब्दअर्थ
अंशहिस्सा
अंसकन्धा
  1. वाक्य प्रयोग- रोहन पंकज के घर का एक 'अंश' है।
  2. वाक्य प्रयोग- सुरेश के घर की जिम्मेदारी अब उसके बेटे के 'अंस' पर है।

Additional Informationकुछ अन्य महत्वपूर्ण श्रुतिसम भिन्नार्थक शब्द-

शब्दअर्थशब्दअर्थ
अलिभौराअलीसखी
अन्तसमाप्तिअनंत्यनीच
अभिरामसुन्दरअविरामलगातार
अँगनाघर का आँगनअंगनास्त्री
अवलंबसहाराअविलम्बजल्दी
33

विभिन्न प्रकार के सरकारी नियमों, आदेशों, घोषणाओं को तथा राजपत्रित अधिकारियों (गजटेड) के तबादले, नियुक्तियों, छुटटी पर जाने की सूचनाओं (गजेट) को में प्रकाशित करके जनसाधारण तक पहुँचाने के लिए इसका प्रयोग किया जाता है

  1. ((a))

    अधिसूचना

  2. ((b))

    पृष्ठांकन

  3. ((c))

    अनुस्मारक

  4. ((d))

    ज्ञापन

Show Answer
Answer: ((a))

अधिसूचना

विभिन्न प्रकार के सरकारी नियमों, आदेशों, घोषणाओं को तथा राजपत्रित अधिकारियों (गजटेड) के तबादले, नियुक्तियों, छुटटी पर जाने की सूचनाओं (गजेट) को में प्रकाशित करके जनसाधारण तक पहुँचाने के लिए "अधिसूचना"  का प्रयोग किया जाता है।

Key Points

  • पृष्ठांकन- किसी लिखित पत्र, धनादेश आदि के पीछे उसकी सहमति देते हुए कुछ लिखना या हस्ताक्षर करना।
  • जैसे- किसी चेक पर हस्ताक्षर करने या उस चेक के पीछे बैंक आदि की मुहर लगाने की प्रक्रिया।
  • अनुस्मारक- अनुस्मारक अर्थात् 'स्मरण पत्र'। किसी भी विभाग अथवा किसी कार्यालय में पहले से भेजे गये पत्र पर माँगी गयी कोई जानकारी, निर्णय सही समय पर अगर नहीं मिलती तब इसका प्रयोग किया जाता है।
  • जैसे- याद दिलाने का काम करने वाला कोई लिखित पत्र या कोई वस्तु।
  • ज्ञापन- किसी के बारे में कोई जानकारी देना या ज्ञान कराना। इसका प्रयोग सरकार के विभिन्न विभागों में किया जाता हैं।
  • जैसे- जब दो देश के बीच कोई समझौता होता है तो उसे 'समझौता ज्ञापन' कहा जाता हैं।

 

Mistake Points

  • अधिसूचना का प्रयोग केंद्र या राज्य सरकार द्वारा नियुक्ति, छुट्टी, पदौन्नती, कोई नियम आदि की जानकरी देने के लिए अपने राज्यपत्रों में जारी करवाने वाली सूचना में होता है। तथा ज्ञापन का प्रयोग सरकारी मंत्रालय के विभिन्न विभागों के मध्य में ही किया जाता है।
34

'नमक-मिर्च' में समास है-

  1. ((a))

    द्वंद्व

  2. ((b))

    कर्मधारय

  3. ((c))

    अव्ययीभाव

  4. ((d))

    बहुब्रीहि

Show Answer
Answer: ((a))

द्वंद्व

'नमक-मिर्च' में "द्वंद्व" समास।

  • द्वंद्व समास- दोनों पद प्रधान होते है।
  • पहचान- योजक चिन्ह (-) का प्रयोग।

Key Points

  • कर्मधारय समास-
  • जिसका पहला पद विशेषण और दूसरा पद विशेष्य अथवा एक पद उपमान तथा दूसरा पद उपमेय हो तो, वह 'कर्मधारय समास' कहलाता है।
  • पहचान- 'दोनों पदों' के मध्य ��ें 'है जो', 'के समान'।

जैसे- 'नीलकंठ' "नीला है जो कंठ"।

  • अव्ययीभाव समास- 'पहला पद प्रधान तथा अव्यय'।
  • पहचान- पहला पद अनु, भर, प्रति, यथा, यावत आदि।

उदाहरण- प्रतिदिन, यथासंभव।

  • बहुब्रीहि समास- 'अन्य पद प्रधान होता'।
  • पहचान- 'दोनों पद' मिलकर किसी "तीसरे पद" की ओर संकेत देते हैं।

जैसे- 'लंबोदर' "लंबा है उदर जिसका" अर्थात् "गणेश जी"।

Additional Information

  • समास-  दो या दो से अधिक शब्दों से मिलकर बने नये सार्थक शब्द को समास कहते है।
  • समास भेद- 6 भेद
  • द्विगु समास- 'उत्तर पद प्रधान होता'।
  • पहचान- पहला पद "संख्यावाचक" तथा इसमें "समूह या समाहार" का पता चलता।
  • जैसे- 'चौराहा' शब्द में 'चार राहों के समूह' का ज्ञान हो रहा।
  • तत्पुरुष समास- 'उत्तर पद प्रधान होता'।
  • पहचान- "कारक चिन्ह" का लोप हों जाना।
  • जैसे- 'गगनचुम्बी' "गगन को चूमने वाला" (कर्म कारक विभक्ति "को" का लोप)।

NOTE- शेष 4 समास ऊपर विस्तार से लिखे हुए है।

Confusion Points

  • द्वन्द समास में विग्रह करने पर​ 'और', 'अथवा', 'या', 'एवं' लगता है तथा योजक चिन्ह (-) का प्रयोग होता है।
35

जिसका इन्द्रियों से अनुमान न किया जा सके, उसके लिए एक शब्द -

  1. ((a))

    ज्ञानेन्द्रिय

  2. ((b))

    अतीन्द्रिय

  3. ((c))

    जितेन्द्रिय

  4. ((d))

    कालजयी

Show Answer
Answer: ((b))

अतीन्द्रिय

जिसका इन्द्रियों से अनुमान न किया जा सके- "अतीन्द्रिय"

अति+इंद्रिय = अतींद्रिय।

Key Points

  • अनेक शब्द के लिए एक शब्द- "किसी बात को संक्षिप्त में कहना"
  1. 'इन्द्रियों को जीत लेने वाला- 'जितेन्द्रिय'
  2. काल पर विजय पाने वाला- 'कालजयी'
  3. ज्ञानेन्द्रिय- ये मानव के वह अंग है जिससे मानव को देखने, सुनने, महसूस करने, स्वाद, ताप आदि का पता लगाने में मदद मिलती है।

Additional Information

  • कुछ अन्य महत्वपूर्ण अनेक शब्दों के लिए एक शब्द-
  1. ऐहिक- इस लोक से संबंधित।
  2. जन्मांध- जन्म से अन्धा।
  3. त्रिवेदी- तीन वेदों को जानने वाला।
  4. त्रिवेणी- तीन नदियों का संगम।
  5. जलज- जल में जन्म लेने वाला।

Mistake Points

  1. जो इन्द्रियों से ज्ञात न किया जा सके- अतीन्द्रिय।
  2. तथा 'इन्द्रियों को जीत लेने वाला- जितेन्द्रिय।
36

'अपमानित होना' अर्थ के लिए प्रचलित मुहावरा क्या है?

  1. ((a))

    सिर हिलना

  2. ((b))

    सिर झुकना

  3. ((c))

    सिर काटना

  4. ((d))

    सिर ऊपर करना

Show Answer
Answer: ((b))

सिर झुकना

दिए गए विकल्पों में से 'अपमानित होना' अर्थ के लिए प्रचलित मुहावरा "सिर झुकना"  है।

Key Points

  • मुहावरा - सिर झुकना
  • अर्थ - अपमानित होना
  • वाक्य प्रयोग - रमेश की चोरी खुलते ही उसने अपना सिर झुका लिया।

Additional Information 'सिर' पर कुछ मुहावरे -

मुहावराअर्थवाक्य प्रयोग
सिर ऊँचा उठानाइज्जत से खड़ा होनाअपनी ईमानदारी के कारण मुन्ना समाज में आज सिर ऊँचा उठाए खड़ा है।
सिर फिर जानापागल हो जानाधन पाकर उसका सिर फिर गया है।
सिर पर आसमान उठानाबहुत शोरगुल करनामाँ के बिना बच्चे ने सिर पर आसमान उठा लिया है।
सिर पटकनापछतानापहले तो मेरी बात नहीं मानी अब सिर पटकने से क्या होगा।
सिर सफेद होनाबुढ़ापा होनाअब नरेश का सिर सफेद हो गया है।
सिर पर आ जानाबहुत नजदीक होनापरीक्षा मेरे सिर पर आ गयी है, अब मुझे खूब पढ़ना चाहिए।
सिर गंजा कर देनाबहुत पीटनाबदमाशी करोगे तो सिर गंजा कर दूँगा।
37

‘छावनी’ में प्रत्यय-

  1. ((a))

    नी

  2. ((b))

    आवनी

  3. ((c))

    वनी

  4. ((d))

    अवनी 

Show Answer
Answer: ((b))

आवनी

‘छावनी’ शब्द में "आवनी" प्रत्यय है। 

Additional Information

  • छा + आवनी = छावनी
  • अतः छावनी‘’ में ‘आवनी’ प्रत्यय और ‘छा ’ मूल शब्द है।
  • छावनी में  कृत प्रत्यय है।

Additional Information

  • प्रत्यय - जो शब्दांश शब्दों के अंत में विशेषता या परिवर्तन ला देते हैं, वे प्रत्यय कहलाते हैं।

प्रत्यय के दो भेद हैं-

कृत प्रत्यय -

  • वे प्रत्यय जो धातु या क्रिया के अंत में जोड़े जाते हैं , उन्हें कृत प्रत्यय कहते हैं।
  • कृत प्रत्यय से बने शब्दों को कृदंत शब्द कहते हैं।
  • जैसे- लेख् + अक = लेखक। यहाँ अक कृत् प्रत्यय है, तथा लेखक कृदंत शब्द है।

तद्धित प्रत्यय-

  • वे प्रत्यय जो धातु को छोड़कर अन्य शब्दों- संज्ञा, सर्वनाम व विशेषण में जुड़ते हैं, तद्धित प्रत्यय कहलाते हैं।
  • तद्धित प्रत्यय से बने शब्द तद्धितांत शब्द कहलाते हैं।
  • जैसे- सेठ + आनी = सेठानी। यहाँ आनी तद्धित प्रत्यय हैं तथा सेठानी तद्धितांत शब्द है।
38

निम्न में से 'भानूदय' शब्द का सन्धि विच्छेद बताइये

  1. ((a))

    भानु + उदय

  2. ((b))

    भानू + उदय

  3. ((c))

    भानू + दय

  4. ((d))

    भानु + दय

Show Answer
Answer: ((a))

भानु + उदय

दिए गए विकल्पों में से 'भानूदय' शब्द  का संधि विच्छेद "भानु + उदय" होता है।

Key Points

  • 'भानूदय' में दीर्घ स्वर संधि है। भानु + उदय = भानूदय ( उ + उ = ऊ),
  • यहाँ "उ" और "उ" के मेल से "ऊ" बना है।
  • दीर्घ संधि दो समान स्वर मिलकर दीर्घ हो  जाते है।
  • दीर्घ संधि में यदि हस्व या दीर्घ  अ, इ, उ के बाद क्रमशः हस्व या दीर्घ अ, इ, उ, अथवा अ, ई, ऊ आये तो मिलकर आ, ई, ऊ  हो जाते है।

Additional Information

  • संधि - दो वर्णों के मेल से होने वाले विकार को संधि कहते हैं।
  • उदाहरण -  पर + उपकार = परोपकार,  (अ + उ = ओ )

संधि के तीन प्रकार है-

संधिपरिभाषाउदाहरण
स्वर संधिस्वर संधि में दो समान स्वर मिलकर दीर्घ हो जाते है- विद्या + अर्थी=विद्यार्थी - रवि + इन्द्र = रवीन्द्र
व्यंजन संधिव्यंजन वर्ण के साथ स्वर वर्ण या व्यंजन वर्ण अथवा स्वर वर्ण के साथ व्यंजन वर्ण के मेल से जो विकार उत्पन हो, उसे ‘व्यंजन संधि’ कहते हैं- दिक्+अम्बर=दिगम्बर - अभी + सेक = अभिषेक
विसर्ग संधिजब  विसर्ग के साथ स्वर या व्यंजन आ जाए तब जो परिवर्तन होता है ,वह विसर्ग संधि कहलाता है।- मन:+अनुकूल=मनोनुकूल - नि: + पाप =निष्पाप
39

'वह' सर्वनाम निम्न में से किस श्रेणी का सर्वनाम है?

  1. ((a))

    उत्तम पुरुष

  2. ((b))

    मध्यम पुरुष

  3. ((c))

    अन्य पुरुष

  4. ((d))

    निजवाचक

Show Answer
Answer: ((c))

अन्य पुरुष

दिए गए विकल्पों में से "वह" सर्वनाम  "अन्य पुरुष" श्रेणी का सर्वनाम है।

  • जिसके बारे में बात किया जाए उसे अन्य पुरुष कहते हैं।
  • जैसे - वह एक दिन बड़ा आदमी बनेगा।

Key Points

  • पुरुषवाचक सर्वनाम जो सर्वनाम जो उत्तम पुरुष (बोलने वाले), मध्यम पुरुष (सुनने वाले),
  • और अन्य पुरुष (जिसके बारे में बात की जाये) के लिए आता है, उसे पुरुषवाचक सर्वनाम कहते हैं।

पुरुषवाचक सर्वनाम तीन प्रकार के होते है - 

उत्तम पुरुषमैं, हम, मैंने, हमने, मेरा, हमारा, मुझे मुझको।
मध्यम पुरुषतू, तुम, तुमने, तुझे, तूने, तुम्हें, तुमको, तुमसे, आपने, आपको।
अन्य पुरुषवह, यह, वे, ये, इन, उन, उनको, उनसे, इन्हें, उन्हें, इससे, उसको।

Additional Information 

सर्वनाम - 

  • संज्ञा के स्थान पर आने वाले शब्दों को सर्वनाम कहते हैं। जैसे: तुम, हम, आप, उसका, आदि।

सर्वनाम के 6 भेद होते हैं-

निजवाचक सर्वनामस्वयं, अपने आप
प्रश्नवाचक सर्वनामकौन, क्या
संबंधवाचक सर्वनामजो,सो,जिसे
अनिश्चयवाचक सर्वनामकोई, कुछ
निश्चयवाचक सर्वनामयह,वह,उसे
पुरुषवाचक सर्वनाममैं, तुम,वह, वे
40

'शयन' का संधि विच्छेद है-

  1. ((a))

    शे + अन

  2. ((b))

    श + यन

  3. ((c))

    शे + यन

  4. ((d))

    श + अन

Show Answer
Answer: ((a))

शे + अन

दिए गए विकल्पों में से 'शयन' का संधि विच्छेद "शे + अन" है।

Key Points

  • शयन में "अयादि" संधि है।
  • शयन में संधि का  "ए + अ = अय"  नियम है।
  • जब संधि करते समय ए , ऐ , ओ , औ के साथ कोई अन्य स्वर हो तो-(ए का अय),
  • (ऐ का आय), (ओ का अव), (औ – आव) बन जाता है। यही अयादि संधि कहलाती है।

Additional Information

  • संधि - दो वर्णों के मेल से होने वाले विकार को संधि कहते हैं।
  • उदाहरण -  पर + उपकार = परोपकार,  (अ + उ = ओ )

संधि के तीन प्रकार है-

संधिपरिभाषाउदाहरण
स्वर संधिस्वर संधि में दो समान स्वर मिलकर दीर्घ हो जाते हैविद्या+अर्थी=विद्यार्थी रवि + इन्द्र = रवीन्द्र
व्यंजन संधिव्यंजन वर्ण के साथ स्वर वर्ण या व्यंजन वर्ण अथवा स्वर वर्ण के साथ व्यंजन वर्ण के मेल से जो विकार उत्पन हो, उसे ‘व्यंजन संधि’ कहते हैं।दिक् + अम्बर=दिगम्बर अभी + सेक = अभिषेक
विसर्ग संधिजब  विसर्ग के साथ स्वर या व्यंजन आ जाए तब जो परिवर्तन होता है ,वह विसर्ग संधि कहलाता है।मन:+अनुकूल=मनोनुकूल
नि: + पाप =निष्पाप
41

इनमें से कौन - सा वर्तमान काल का भेद नहीं है?

  1. ((a))

    सामान्य वर्तमान काल

  2. ((b))

    संदिग्ध वर्तमान काल

  3. ((c))

    अपूर्ण वर्तमान काल

  4. ((d))

    इनमें से कोई नहीं

Show Answer
Answer: ((d))

इनमें से कोई नहीं

वर्तमान काल का भेद नहीं है- इनमें से कोई नहीं

Key Points

वर्तमान काल के 5 भेद होते हैं-

  • सामान्य वर्तमान काल
  • पूर्ण वर्तमान काल
  • संदिग्ध वर्तमान काल
  • अपूर्ण वर्तमान काल या तत्कालिक वर्तमान
  • संभाव्य वर्तमान काल

Additional Information

  • वर्तमान काल - क्रिया का वह रूप है जिससे कार्य के वर्तमान समय में होने का पता चले उसे वर्तमान काल कहते हैं।
कालपरिभाषाउदाहरण
सामान्य वर्तमान कालक्रिया का वह रूप जिससे क्रिया का वर्तमान में होना पाया जाता है उसे ‘सामान्य वर्तमान काल ‘कहते हैं।बच्चे खिलौनों से खेलते हैं।
पूर्ण वर्तमान कालपूर्ण वर्तमान काल में कार्य के पूर्ण सिद्धि का बोध होता है, इसमें कार्य पूर्ण हो चुका होता है।सीता ने पुस्तक पढ़ी है।
संदिग्ध वर्तमान कालजिस क्रिया में वर्तमान समय में पूर्ण होने में संदेह हो वह संदिग्ध वर्तमान काल कहलाता है।राम पढ़ता होगा।
अपूर्ण वर्तमान काल या तात्कालिक वर्तमानक्रिया के जिस रूप से यह पता चलता है कि कार्य वर्तमान काल में हो रहा है वह शब्द तात्कालिक वर्तमान काल  कहलाते हैं।मैं पढ़ रहा हूं। लड़के खेल रहे हैं।
संभाव्य वर्तमान कालवर्तमान काल में काम के पूरा होने की संभावना होती है वह शब्द संभाव्य वर्तमान काल कहलाता है।वह लौटा हो।
42

“अगर तुमने पढ़ा होता तो परीक्षा में पास हो गए होते" वाक्य रचना की दृष्टि से यह किस प्रकार का वाक्य है

  1. ((a))

    विस्मयादि बोधक

  2. ((b))

    संबंध बोधक

  3. ((c))

    समुच्चय बोधक

  4. ((d))

    संकेत बोधक

Show Answer
Answer: ((d))

संकेत बोधक

“अगर तुमने पढ़ा होता तो परीक्षा में पास हो गए होते" वाक्य रचना की दृष्टि से यह "संकेत बोधक" वाक्य है।

  • एक वाक्य दूसरे वाक्य पर निर्भर है अतः यह वाक्य  संकेत बोधक वाक्य होगा ।

Key Points

  • संकेतवाचक वाक्य - जिसमें एक वाक्य दूसरे वाक्य की संभावना पर निर्भर करता है। जैसे -
  • यदि तुम चलो तो मैं भी चलूँ।
  • डॉक्टर न आता तो वह मर जाता।

Additional Information

विस्मयादि बोधक- जिन वाक्यों में आश्चर्य, हर्ष, शोक, घृणा आदि के भाव व्यक्त होँ, उन्हें विस्मय बोधक वाक्य कहते है।

इन वाक्यों में सामान्यतः विस्मयादिबोधक चिह्न (!) का उपयोग किया जाता है। जैसे -

  • हाय ! मैं लुट गया !
  • ओह! बड़ा जुल्म हुआ।

संबंध बोधक - ऐसे शब्द जो किसी संज्ञा या सर्वनाम के बाद प्रयुक्त होकर।

वाक्य में आए अन्य संज्ञा या सर्वनाम शब्दों से संबंध का बोध कराते हैं, संबंधबोधक कहा जाता है। जैसे -

  • पेड़ पर बंदर बैठा है।
  • मेरे घर के पीछे एक पेड़ है।

समुच्चय बोधक -  दो या दो से अधिक शब्दों, वाक्यों या वाक्यांशों को जोड़ने वाले शब्द को समुच्चय बोधक कहते हैं।

उदाहरण- तब, और, वरना, किंतु, परंतु, इसलिए, या आदि। 

  • राम कल घर आया और जल्दी सो गया।
  • मुझे टीवी या मोबाइल चाहिए।
43

कृदंत प्रत्यय किन शब्दों के साथ जुड़ते हैं?

  1. ((a))

    संज्ञा

  2. ((b))

    सर्वनाम

  3. ((c))

    विशेषण

  4. ((d))

    क्रिया

Show Answer
Answer: ((d))

क्रिया

दिए गए विकल्पों में से कृदंत प्रत्यय "क्रिया" शब्दों के साथ जुड़ते हैं।

  • वे प्रत्यय जो धातु या क्रिया के अंत में जोड़े जाते हैं , उन्हें कृत प्रत्यय कहते हैं।
  • कृत प्रत्यय से बने शब्दों को कृदंत शब्द कहते हैं।

Key Points

  • वे शब्द जिनसे किसी कार्य या काम के होने का बोध होता हो उन्हें क्रिया शब्द कहते हैं।
  • खाना, सोना, चलना इत्यादि क्रिया शब्द हैं ।
  • किसी व्यक्ति, वस्तु, प्राणी, गुण, भाव या स्थान के नाम के घोतक शब्द को संज्ञा कहते हैं।
  • संज्ञा के स्थान पर आने वाले शब्दों को सर्वनाम कहते हैं। जैसे: तुम, हम, आप, उसका, आदि I
  • संज्ञा या सर्वनाम शब्दों की विशेषता बताने वाले शब्दों को विशेषण कहते हैं। जैसे-छोटा लड़का, मोटा लड़का।

Additional Information

  • प्रत्यय - जो शब्दांश शब्दों के अंत में विशेषता या परिवर्तन ला देते हैं, वे प्रत्यय कहलाते हैं।

प्रत्यय के दो भेद हैं-

कृदंत प्रत्यय -

  • वे प्रत्यय जो धातु या क्रिया के अंत में जोड़े जाते हैं , उन्हें कृत प्रत्यय कहते हैं।
  • कृत प्रत्यय से बने शब्दों को कृदंत शब्द कहते हैं।
  • जैसे- लेख् + अक = लेखक। यहाँ अक कृत् प्रत्यय है, तथा लेखक कृदंत शब्द है।

तद्धित प्रत्यय-

  • वे प्रत्यय जो धातु को छोड़कर अन्य शब्दों- संज्ञा, सर्वनाम व विशेषण में जुड़ते हैं, तद्धित प्रत्यय कहलाते हैं।
  • तद्धित प्रत्यय से बने शब्द तद्धितांत शब्द कहलाते हैं।
  • जैसे- सेठ + आनी = सेठानी। यहाँ आनी तद्धित प्रत्यय हैं तथा सेठानी तद्धितांत शब्द है।
44

'तुषार' के पर्यायवाची शब्द हैं-

  1. ((a))

    तत्काल, तत्क्षण, फौरन

  2. ((b))

    स्वस्थ, नीरोग, रोगहीन

  3. ((c))

    नखत, नक्षत्र, उडु

  4. ((d))

    पाला, शीत, हिम

Show Answer
Answer: ((d))

पाला, शीत, हिम

दिए गए विकल्पों में 'तुषार' के पर्यायवाची शब्द हैं-पाला, शीत, हिम।

  • तुषार के अन्य पर्यायवाची शब्द - तुहिन , निशाजल ,ओस , नीहार आदि।

Key Points

अन्य विकल्प - 

  • "तुरंत" के पर्यायवाची शब्द - तत्काल, तत्क्षण, फौरन।
  • "रोगमुक्त" के पर्यायवाची शब्द -स्वस्थ, नीरोग, रोगहीन।
  • "तारिका" के पर्यायवाची शब्द - नखत, नक्षत्र, उडु।

Additional Information

  • पर्यायवाची शब्द - समान अर्थ प्रदान करने वाले शब्द पर्यायवाची शब्द अथवा समानार्थक शब्द कहलाते हैं।

कुछ पर्यायवाची शब्द -

  • अतिथि- मेहमान ,पाहुन ,आगंतुक, अभ्यागत।
  • इजाजत- स्वीकृति, मंजूरी, अनुमति।
  • उपहास- परिहास, मजाक, खिल्ली।
  • औषधि- दवा, दवाई, भेषज।
  • कर्तव्य- कर्म, कृत्य, विधेय।
  • खेल- क्रीड़ा, केलि, तमाशा, करतब।
  • गुप्त- गूढ़, रहस्यपूर्ण, परोक्ष, छिपा।
  • घी- हव्य, अमृतसार, क्षीरसार, आज्य।
  • चर्म- खाल, चमड़ी, त्वचा, त्वक्।
  • छाछ- गोरस, मठा, दधि स्वेद, मट्ठा।
  • जहर- हलाहल, विष, गरल, कालकूट, गर।
  • झंडा- पताका, केतु, निसान, ध्वज, केतन, वैजयंती।
  • तरुण- युवा,जवान, युवक।
  • दीपक- प्रदीप, दीप, दीया, ज्योति, चिराग।
45

'निन्नानवे का फेर' मुहावरे का अर्थ है-

  1. ((a))

    लालच में फंसना

  2. ((b))

    लक्ष्य के नजदीक जाकर असफल होना

  3. ((c))

    भारी चूक होना

  4. ((d))

    संतुष्ट हो जाना

Show Answer
Answer: ((a))

लालच में फंसना

दिए गए विकल्पों में से "लालच में फंसना" 'निन्नानवे का फेर' मुहावरे का अर्थ है।

Key Points

  • मुहावरा - निन्यानवे का  फेर
  • अर्थ - लालच में फंसना
  • वाक्य प्रयोग -  तुम निन्यानवे के फेर में मत पड़ो जितना है उसी में खुश रहना सीखो ।

Additional Information कुछ मुहावरे -

मुहा���रेअर्थवाक्य प्रयोग
घोड़े बेचकर सोनाबेफिक्र होनाबेटी तो ब्याह दी। अब क्या, घोड़े बेचकर सोओ।
खरी-खोटी सुनानाबुरा-भला कहनाखरी-खोटी सुनाने से क्या लाभ, शांति से समझौता कर लो।
गाल फुलानारूठनाअंशु सुबह से ही गाल फुलाकर बैठी हुई है।
जली-कटी सुनानाबुरा-भला कहनामैं जरा देर से ऑफिस पहुँचा तो मालिक ने मुझे जली-कटी सुना दी।
डंके की चोट परखुल्लमखुल्लाशेरसिंह जो भी काम करता है, डंके की चोट पर करता है।
घर घाट एक करनाकठिन परिश्रम करनानौकरी के लिए संजय ने घर घाट एक कर दिया।
खून का प्यासाजानी दुश्मन होनाउसकी क्या बात कर रहे हो, वह तो मेरे खून का प्यासा हो गया है।
जान पर खेलनाजोखिम उठानाआजादी प्राप्त करने के लिए क्रांतिकारी वीर जान पर खेल जाते थे।
46

'सूक्ति' शब्द का संधि विच्छेद होगा?

  1. ((a))

    स + उक्ति

  2. ((b))

    सु + उक्ति

  3. ((c))

    सू + उक्ति

  4. ((d))

    स + ऊक्ति

Show Answer
Answer: ((b))

सु + उक्ति

'सूक्ति' शब्द का संधि विच्छेद "सु + उक्ति" होगा।

Key Points

  • 'सूक्ति'में दीर्घ स्वर संधि है। सु + उक्ति = सूक्ति**( उ + उ = ऊ),**
  • यहाँ "उ" और "उ" के मेल से "ऊ" बना है।
  • दीर्घ संधि दो समान स्वर मिलकर दीर्घ हो  जाते है।
  • दीर्घ संधि में यदि हस्व या दीर्घ  अ, इ, उ के बाद क्रमशः हस्व या दीर्घ अ, इ, उ, अथवा अ, ई, ऊ आये तो मिलकर आ, ई, ऊ  हो जाते है।

Additional Information

  • संधि - दो वर्णों के मेल से होने वाले विकार को संधि कहते हैं।
  • उदाहरण -  पर + उपकार = परोपकार,  (अ + उ = ओ ),

संधि के तीन प्रकार है-

संधिपरिभाषाउदाहरण
स्वर संधिस्वर संधि में दो समान स्वर मिलकर दीर्घ हो जाते हैविद्या + अर्थी=विद्यार्थी 
रवि + इन्द्र = रवीन्द्र
व्यंजन संधिव्यंजन वर्ण के साथ स्वर वर्ण या व्यंजन वर्ण अथवा स्वर वर्ण के साथ व्यंजन वर्ण के मेल से जो विकार उत्पन हो, उसे ‘व्यंजन संधि’ कहते हैं।दिक् + अम्बर = दिगम्बर
अभी + सेक = अभिषेक
विसर्ग संधिजब  विसर्ग के साथ स्वर या व्यंजन आ जाए तब जो परिवर्तन होता है ,वह विसर्ग संधि कहलाता है।मन:+अनुकूल=मनोनुकूल
नि: + पाप=निष्पाप
47

'शराफत' में प्रत्यय है

  1. ((a))

    आफत

  2. ((b))

    अत्

  3. ((c))

  4. ((d))

    फत

Show Answer
Answer: ((c))

'शराफत' शब्द  में "त" प्रत्यय है।

Key Points

  • शराफ + त = शराफत शब्द में "शराफ" मूल शब्द है और "त" प्रत्यय है।
  • शराफ शब्द मूलतः शरीफ शब्द से बना है।
  • त प्रत्यय के अन्य शब्द - जरूरत, रहमत, हुकूमत।
  • शराफत में उर्दू तद्धित प्रत्यय है।

Additional Information

  • प्रत्यय- जो शब्दांश शब्दों के अंत में विशेषता या परिवर्तन ला देते हैं, वे प्रत्यय कहलाते हैं।

प्रत्यय के दो भेद हैं-

प्रत्ययपरिभाषाउदाहरण
कृत् प्रत्ययवे प्रत्यय जो धातु में जोड़े जाते हैं, कृत प्रत्यय कहलाते हैं। कृत् प्रत्यय से बने शब्द कृदंत (कृत्+अंत) शब्द कहलाते हैं।सज +आवट=सजावट लिख + अक = लेखक वृ + अन= वरण काट + आई= कटाई
तद्धित प्रत्ययवे प्रत्यय जो धातु को छोड़कर अन्य शब्दों- संज्ञा, सर्वनाम व विशेषण में जुड़ते हैं, तद्धित प्रत्यय कहलाते हैं। तद्धित प्रत्यय से बने शब्द तद्धितांत शब्द कहलाते हैं।अहम्+कार=अहंकार मित्र + ता=मित्रता सर्व + स्व=सर्वस्व समीप् + य=सामीप्य
48

'सपरिवार' शब्द में प्रयुक्त उपसर्ग है

  1. ((a))

    परि

  2. ((b))

    वार

  3. ((c))

  4. ((d))

Show Answer
Answer: ((c))

'सपरिवार' शब्द में "स"  उपसर्ग है।

  • शेष विकल्प सही नही है।

Key Points

  • सपरिवार मे "स" उपसर्ग है, और "परिवार" मूल शब्द है।
  • 'स' उपसर्ग के अन्य शब्द -  सफल, सबल, सगुण, सजीव, सावधान, सकर्मक।

Additional Information

  • उपसर्ग - उपसर्ग उन शब्दाशों  को कहते है जो किसी शब्द के पूर्व में जुडकर उस शब्द के अर्थ में  पूर्णत: परिवर्तन  अथवा विशिष्टता ला देते है।

उदाहरण - 

उपसर्ग  के  प्रकार -

संस्कृत के उपसर्ग - अप, अनु, अव, अभि, अपि,अति,आ, उत्/उद्,उप दुर्, दुस, निर्,निस्, नि, परा, परि, प्रति,प्र, वि, सम्, सु।
हिंदी  के उपसर्ग -  अ, अन्/अन, अध, उ, उन, औ,क/कु, दु, नि, स/सु, बिन, बहु, भर, चौ,ति, पर ।
उर्दू  के उपसर्ग -   अल, कम, खुश,गैर, दर, ना, बर,ब, बे, बद, हर,हम ।
अंग्रेजी के उपसर्ग - सब, डिप्टी,जनरल  ।
49

कुछ शब्दों के प्रारंभ में प्रयुक्त होकर उन्हें विशेष अर्थ प्रदान करने में कौन सहयोग देते हैं?

  1. ((a))

    प्रत्यय

  2. ((b))

    उपसर्ग

  3. ((c))

    तत्सम

  4. ((d))

    तदभव

Show Answer
Answer: ((b))

उपसर्ग

कुछ शब्दों के प्रारंभ में प्रयुक्त होकर उन्हें विशेष अर्थ प्रदान करने में "उपसर्ग" सहयोग देते हैं।

Key Points

  • उपसर्ग शब्द के शुरू में जुड़ता है।
  • उपसर्ग जुड़ने पर मूल शब्द का अर्थ बदल सकता है।

उदाहरण-

  • प्र+चार= प्रचार इसमें प्र उपसर्ग है, जो चार शब्द के पहले जुड़ा है।
  • प्र+हार = प्रहार

Additional Informationप्रत्यय-

  • जो शब्दांश शब्दों के अंत में विशेषता या परिवर्तन ला देते हैं, वे प्रत्यय कहलाते हैं।
  • जैसे- दयालु= दया शब्द के अंत में आलु जुड़ने से अर्थ में विशेषता आ गई है। अतः यहाँ ‘आलू’ शब्दांश प्रत्यय है।

तत्सम -

  • जो शब्द अपरिवर्तित रूप में संस्कृत भाषा से लिए गए हैं।
  • या जिन्हें संस्कृत के मूल शब्दों से संस्कृत के ही, प्रत्यय लगाकर नया निर्माण किया गया है, वह तत्सम शब्द कहलाते हैं।
  • जैसे -  पुष्प, पुस्तक, पृथ्वी, क्षेत्र, कार्य, मृत्यु इत्यादि।

तद्भव-

  • ऐसे शब्द जो संस्कृत भाषा से उत्पन्न होते हैं।
  • लेकिन वो रूप बदलकर हिन्दी में आ गए हों, ऐसे शब्द तद्भव शब्द कहलाते हैं।
  • जैसे -  आग, कपूर,  छाता, गर्दन, चाँद इत्यादि।
50

जिस समास के सभी पद प्रधान हो, उसे कहते हैं-

  1. ((a))

    बहुब्रीहि समास

  2. ((b))

    द्वंद्व समास

  3. ((c))

    कर्मधारय समास

  4. ((d))

    तत्पुरुष समास

Show Answer
Answer: ((b))

द्वंद्व समास

जिस समास के सभी पद प्रधान हो**,** उसे  "द्वंद्व समास" कहते हैं।

Key Pointsद्वंद्व समास-

  • द्वंद्व समास में कोई पद गौण नहीं होता बल्कि दोनों ही पद प्रधान होते हैं।
  • समस्तपद बनाते समय दोनों पदों को जोड़ने वाले समुच्चयबोधक अव्ययों-‘और’, ‘तथा’, ‘या’ आदि को हटा दिया जाता है।
  • तथा विग्रह करते समय इनको पुनः दोनों पदों के बीच जोड़ दिया जाता है।
  • जैसे- राम-श्याम. इसका विग्रह होगा- राम और श्याम।

Additional Informationसमास - अनेक शब्दों को संक्षिप्त करके नए शब्द बनाने की प्रक्रिया समास कहलाती है।

समास के भेद-

समासपरिभाषाउदाहरण
बहुव्रीहि समासजिस समास के दोनों पद अप्रधान हों और समस्तपद के अर्थ के अतिरिक्त कोई सांकेतिक अर्थ प्रधान हो उसे बहुव्रीहि समास कहते हैं।- दशानन  -  दश है आनन (मुख) जिसके अर्थात् रावण - नीलकंठ - नीला है कंठ जिसका अर्थात् शिव
कर्मधारय समासइस समास में पूर्व पद तथा उत्तर पद के मध्य में विशेषण-विशेष्य का संबंध होता है।
पूर्व पद गौण तथा उत्तर पद प्रधान होता है।
- चंद्रमुख - चंद्र जैसा मुख - कमलनयन - कमल के समान नयन
तत्पुरुष समासइस समास में पूर्व पद गौण तथा उत्तर पद प्रधान होता है। समस्त पद बनाते समय पदों के विभक्ति चिह्नों को लुप्त किया जाता है।- युद्ध का क्षेत्र = युद्धक्षेत्र - शरण में आगत = शरणागत
अव्ययीभाव समासजिस समास का पहला पद(पूर्व पद) प्रधान हो और वह अव्यय हो उसे अव्ययीभाव समास कहते हैं।- आजीवन - जीवन-भर - यथासामर्थ्य - सामर्थ्य के अनुसार
द्विगु समासयह कर्मधारय समास का उपभेद होता है। इस समास का पूर्वपद संख्यावाचक विशेषण होता है
तथा समस्त पद किसी समुह को बोध होता है।
- नवग्रह - नौ ग्रहों का समूह - नवरात्र - नौ रात्रियों का समूह
51
Marks233845677485
No. of students51015202530

The range of the above data is

  1. ((a))

    25

  2. ((b))

    62

  3. ((c))

    60

  4. ((d))

    20

Show Answer
Answer: ((b))

62

Given:

Data

Marks233845677485
No. of students51015202530

 

Concept used:

The formula for range of data = Highest value - Lowest value

Calculation:

From given data,

Highest value = 85

Lowest value = 23

∴ Range of given data = Highest value - Lowest value

= 85 - 23

= 62.

52

1cos2θ1+sinθ1 - \frac{{{{\cos }^2}{\rm{\theta }}}}{{1 + \sin {\rm{\theta }}}} =

  1. ((a))

    cos θ 

  2. ((b))

    sin θ

  3. ((c))

    tan θ ​

  4. ((d))

    Sec θ ​

Show Answer
Answer: ((b))

sin θ

Shortcut Trick

Apply the Value Substitution Method by assuming a convenient angle for θ.

Let θ = 90°; then sin 90° = 1 and cos 90° = 0.

Expression: 1 − (cos2 90° / (1 + sin 90°)) ⇒ 1 − (02 / (1 + 1)) ⇒ 1 − 0 = 1.

Now, check the options for θ = 90°: Option (1) cos 90° = 0; Option (2) sin 90° = 1. Matches.

∴ The correct answer is sin θ.

Alternate Method

Given: The Trigonometric expression is 1 − [cos2θ / (1 + sinθ)].

Formula Used:

  1. Pythagorean Identity: sin2θ + cos2θ = 1 ⇒ cos2θ = 1 − sin2θ
  2. Algebraic Identity: a2 − b2 = (a − b)(a + b)

Calculations:

⇒ 1 − [cos2θ / (1 + sinθ)]

⇒ 1 − [(1 − sin2θ) / (1 + sinθ)]

⇒ 1 − [((1 − sinθ)(1 + sinθ)) / (1 + sinθ)]

⇒ 1 − (1 − sinθ)

⇒ 1 − 1 + sinθ

⇒ sinθ

∴ The correct answer is sin θ.

Additional Information

Fundamental Pythagorean Identities

The three basic identities are sin2θ + cos2θ = 1, 1 + tan2θ = sec2θ, and 1 + cot2θ = cosec2θ.

Reciprocal Relations

sinθ = 1/cosecθ, cosθ = 1/secθ, and tanθ = 1/cotθ.

Ratio Identities

tanθ = sinθ/cosθ and cotθ = cosθ/sinθ.

53

2 cosec (90 - θ) sec θ - 2 cot (90 - θ) tan θ =

  1. ((a))

    1

  2. ((b))

    0

  3. ((c))

    2

  4. ((d))

    4

Show Answer
Answer: ((c))

2

Given:

2 cosec (90 - θ) sec θ - 2 cot (90 - θ) tan θ

Concept Used:

According to the 1st quadrant of trigonometry,

cosec (90 - θ) = sec θ and cot (90 - θ) = tan θ.

According to the trigonometric identities,

sec2 θ - tan2 θ = 1

Calculation:

⇒ 2 cosec (90 - θ) sec θ - 2 cot (90 - θ) tan θ

⇒ 2 sec θ sec θ - 2 tan θ tan θ

⇒ 2 sec2 θ - 2 tan2 θ

⇒ 2(sec2 θ - tan2 θ)

⇒ 2(1)

⇒ 2

∴ 2 cosec (90 - θ) sec θ - 2 cot (90 - θ) tan θ = 2

54

A dice has faces numbered 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12. It is thrown once. What is the probability that a prime numbered face shows up?

  1. ((a))

    0

  2. ((b))

    1/6

  3. ((c))

    1/3

  4. ((d))

    2/3

Show Answer
Answer: ((b))

1/6

Given:

A dice has faces numbered 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12.

Formula Used:

Probability = Total number of required outcomesTotal number of possible outcomes\frac{Total \ number\ of\ required\ outcomes}{Total\ number\ of\ possible\ outcomes}

Calculation:

Total number of possible outcomes = {2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12} = 6

Outcomes of prime numbered = {2} = 1

The probability that a prime numbered face shows up = 16\frac{1}{6}.

55

A 6 cm cube is cut into 2 cm cubes. The total surface area of the small cubes (in cm2) is

  1. ((a))

    504

  2. ((b))

    598

  3. ((c))

    648

  4. ((d))

    624

Show Answer
Answer: ((c))

648

Given:

A 6 cm cube is cut into 2 cm cubes.

Formula Used:

Surface are of cube = 6(side)2 cm2 .

Calculation:

Vol. of 6cm cube = 63 cm3 = 216 cm3 .

Vol. of 2cm cube = 23 cm3 = 8 cm3 .

Total number of 2 cm cube = vol. of 6cm cubevol. of 2cm cube\frac{vol.\ of\ 6cm\ cube}{vol.\ of\ 2cm\ cube} = 2168\frac{216}{8} = 27 .

Surface are of 2cm cube = 6(side)2 cm2 = 6(2)2 = 24 cm2 .

Total surface are of all small cubes = 27 × 24 = 648 cm2 .

56

If 1+25144\sqrt {1 + \frac{{25}}{{144}}}  = 1 + x12\frac{x}{{12}} then the value of x =

  1. ((a))

    5

  2. ((b))

    1

  3. ((c))

    3

  4. ((d))

    4

Show Answer
Answer: ((b))

1

Given:

1+25144\sqrt {1 + \frac{{25}}{{144}}} = 1 + x12\frac{x}{{12}}

Calculation:​

⇒ ​​1+25144\sqrt {1 + \frac{{25}}{{144}}} = 1 + x12\frac{x}{{12}} 

⇒ 144+25144\sqrt\frac{144+25}{144}  = 1 + x12\frac{x}{{12}}

⇒ 169144\sqrt\frac{169}{144} = 1 + x12\frac{x}{{12}}

⇒ 1312\frac{13}{12} - 1 = x12\frac{x}{{12}}

⇒ 112\frac{1}{12} = x12\frac{x}{{12}}

⇒ x = 1 .

57

If (x2 - 1) is a factor of f(x) = ax4 + 2x3 - 3x2 + bx - 4, then the values of 'a' and 'b' respectively are

  1. ((a))

    -1, 8

  2. ((b))

    3, -3

  3. ((c))

    7, -2

  4. ((d))

    -4, -6

Show Answer
Answer: ((c))

7, -2

Given: 

f(x) = ax4 + 2x3 - 3x2 + bx - 4

Calculation:

(x2 - 1) is a factor of f(x) = ax4 + 2x3 - 3x2 + bx - 4

(x2 - 1)

= (x2 - 12) = (x - 1)(x + 1)

Here, (x - 1)(x + 1) are the factors of f(x) = ax4 + 2x3 - 3x2 + bx - 4 

∴ x = 1 and x = -1 are the zeros of f(x).

Now, we substitute x = 1 and x = -1 in f(x) = ax4 + 2x3 - 3x2 + bx - 4 . 

f(1) = a(1)4 + 2(1)3 - 3(1)2 + b(1) - 4

⇒ 0 = a + 2 - 3 + b - 4

​⇒ 0 = a + b - 5

​⇒ a + b = 5 → (1)

f(-1) = a(-1)4 + 2(-1)3 - 3(-1)2 + b(-1) - 4

⇒ 0 = a - 2 - 3 - b - 4

​⇒ 0 = a - b - 9

​⇒ a - b = 9  → (2)

Adding (1) and (2) we get,

a + b + a - b = 5 + 9

⇒ 2a = 14

⇒ a = 7.

Substitute a = 7 in a + b = 5

⇒ a + b = 5

⇒ 7 + b = 5

⇒ b = - 2.

∴ The values of a and b is 7 and -2.

58

If one root of the quadratic polynomial f(x) = x2 - mx + 8 is twice the other, then the value of 'm' is

  1. ((a))

    ±4

  2. ((b))

    -2

  3. ((c))

    ±6

  4. ((d))

    2

Show Answer
Answer: ((c))

±6

Given:

f(x) = x2 - mx + 8

Formula Used:

for quadratic equation ax2 + bx + c = 0 .

Product of roots = ca\frac{c}{a}

Sum of roots = ba\frac{-b}{a}

Calculation:

Let p and 2p be the roots of equation.

Then, product of the roots = p × 2p = ca\frac{c}{a}

⇒ 2p281\frac{8}{1}

⇒ p = ±2\pm2 .

Sum of roots is p + 2p = 3p = 3(±2\pm2) .

Then sum of roots = m = ±6\pm6 .

59

The mean of certain distribution is 9. If N = 32 + p and Σfixi = 240 +15p, then the value of p =

  1. ((a))

    10

  2. ((b))

    9

  3. ((c))

    6

  4. ((d))

    8

Show Answer
Answer: ((d))

8

Given:

Mean = 9

N = 32 + p

Σfixi = 240 +15p

Formula Used:

mean = ΣfixiN\frac{Σfixi}{N}

Calculation:

mean = ΣfixiN\frac{Σfixi}{N}

⇒ 9 = 240+15p32+p\frac{240+ 15p}{32 + p}

⇒ 288 + 9p = 240 + 15p

⇒ 48 = 6p

⇒ p = 8.

60

The line joining the points A (-5, 3) and B (1, 3) is trisected. Find the coordinates of points of trisection.

  1. ((a))

    (-3, 3) and (-1, 3)

  2. ((b))

    (-3, 3) and (2, -3)

  3. ((c))

    (4,-1) and (2, -2)

  4. ((d))

    (-1, 3) and (5, 0)

Show Answer
Answer: ((a))

(-3, 3) and (-1, 3)

Given:

points A (-5, 3) and B (1, 3).

Concept Used:

The coordinates of point when (x1,y1) and (x2,y2) are divided in m:n internally is (mx2+nx1m+n\frac{mx_2 + nx_1}{m+n} , my2+ny1m+n\frac{my_2+ny_1}{m+n}) . 

Calculation:

Let  A (-5, 3) and B (1, 3) is trisected by point P and Q

P divides AB in (1,2)

Let the coordinates of P be (a, b)

a = mx2+nx1m+n\frac{mx_2 + nx_1}{m+n} = 1(1)+2(5)1+2\frac{1(1)+2(-5)}{1+2} = 1103\frac{1-10}{3} = -3

b = my2+ny1m+n\frac{my_2+ny_1}{m+n} = 1(3)+2(3)1+2\frac{1(3)+2(3)}{1+2} = 3+63\frac{3+6}{3} = 3

⇒ P(-3, 3) .

Now Q divides AB in(2, 1)

Let the coordinates of Q be (c, d)

c = mx2+nx1m+n\frac{mx_2 + nx_1}{m+n} = 2(1)+1(5)2+1\frac{2(1)+1(-5)}{2+1} = 253\frac{2-5}{3} = -1

d = my2+ny1m+n\frac{my_2+ny_1}{m+n} = 2(3)+1(3)2+1\frac{2(3)+1(3)}{2+1} = 6+33\frac{6+3}{3} = 3

⇒ Q(-1, 3) .

∴ the coordinates of points of trisection is (-3, 3) and (-1, 3) .

61
Marks0 - 1010 - 2020 - 3030 - 4040 - 50
No. of students65351

The mean of the above data is

  1. ((a))

    15

  2. ((b))

    20

  3. ((c))

    22

  4. ((d))

    18

Show Answer
Answer: ((b))

20

Given:

Marks0-1010-2020-3030-4040-50
No. of students65351

Formula Used:

Mean = fxf\frac{\sum fx}{\sum f}

Calculation:

MarksMid Value(x)No. of students (f)fx
0-105630
10-2015575
20-3025375
30-40355175
40-5045145
f\sum f = 20fx\sum fx = 400

∴ Mean = fxf\frac{\sum fx}{\sum f} = 40020\frac{400}{20} = 20.

62

If 'p' and 'q' are the zeros of the polynomial f(x) = 16x2 - 9, then the value of p2 + q2 =

  1. ((a))

    98\frac{9}{8}

  2. ((b))

    32\frac{3}{2}

  3. ((c))

    94\frac{9}{4}

  4. ((d))

    34\frac{3}{4}

Show Answer
Answer: ((a))

98\frac{9}{8}

Given:

Equation f(x) = 16x2 - 9.

p and q are the roots

Formula Used:

For general equation ax2 + bx + c = 0 

Sum of roots = ba\frac{-b}{a}

product of roots = ca\frac{c}{a}

Calculation:

Sum of roots p +q = 0

Product of roots pq = 916\frac{-9}{16}

We know that,

⇒ (p + q)2 = p2 + q2 + 2pq

⇒ 0 =  p2 + q2 + 2(916\frac{-9}{16})

⇒ p2 + q2 = 98\frac{9}{8} .

63

If (x - a) is a factor of 4x3 + 2ax2 - 6a2x + b, then the value of b =

  1. ((a))

    1

  2. ((b))

    0

  3. ((c))

    2

  4. ((d))

    -1

Show Answer
Answer: ((b))

0

Given:

Equation 4x3 + 2ax2 - 6a2x + b

and (x - a) is a factor of 4x3 + 2ax2 - 6a2x + b

Calculation:

(x - a) = 0 we get x = a

For 4x3 + 2ax2 - 6a2x + b = 0

⇒ 4a3 + 2aa2 - 6a2a + b = 0

⇒ 6a3 - 6a3 + b = 0

∴ b = 0 .

64

In the adjoining figure, PQ is the diameter of a circle with centre 'O'. If PQ = 6 cm and the length of the tangent PR = 8 cm, then RS =

  1. ((a))

    6.4 cm

  2. ((b))

    3.6 cm

  3. ((c))

    6.8 cm

  4. ((d))

    4.2 cm

Show Answer
Answer: ((a))

6.4 cm

Given:

PQ is the diameter of a circle with centre 'O'. If PQ = 6 cm and the length of the tangent PR = 8 cm.

Formula used:

Pythagoras Theorem: In a right-angled triangle, the square of the hypotenuse side is equal to the sum of squares of the other two sides.

h = p2+b2\sqrt{p^2+b^2}

Where, h = Hypotaneous, p = Perpendicular, and b = Base

Calculation:

 

Using Pythagoras Theorem,

In ΔRPQ,

RQ = PR2+PQ2\sqrt{PR^2+PQ^2}

⇒ 82+62\sqrt{8^2+6^2}  = 100\sqrt{100}  = 10 cm

RQ = 10 cm

Let, RS = x cm

If RSQ is a secant to a circle of centre O intersecting the circle of S and Q and RP is tangent segment, then

RS × RQ = RP2

⇒ x × 10 = 82

⇒ x = 6410\dfrac{64}{10} = 6.4 cm

Alternate MethodIn ΔPRS,

cosθ = RSPR\dfrac{RS}{PR} = x8\dfrac{x}{8} →(1)

Again, In ΔRPQ,

cosθ = PRRQ\dfrac{PR}{RQ} = 810\dfrac{8}{10} →(2)

From Eqn (1) and (2), we have

x8\dfrac{x}{8} = 810\dfrac{8}{10}

⇒ x = 6410\dfrac{64}{10} = 6.4 cm

∴ RS = 6.4 cm.

65

21 students prepared cylindrical pen holders using card boards. How much cardboard was used if each child made a pen holder of radius 4 cm and height 12 cm?

  1. ((a))

    6546 cm2

  2. ((b))

    7392 cm2

  3. ((c))

    5480 cm2

  4. ((d))

    7962 cm2

Show Answer
Answer: ((b))

7392 cm2

Given:

Total number of students = 21

radius = 4 cm 

height = 12 cm

Formula Used:

Curved surface area of cylinder = 2πrh2\pi rh cm2 .

Calculation:

Curved surface area of cylinder = 2πrh+πr22\pi rh + \pi r^2   = 2 × 227\frac{22}{7} × 4 × 12 + 227\frac{22}{7} × 42352352 cm2

∴ Cardboard required for each student is 352352 cm2

Also, it is given that total number of students is 21.

∴ Total cardboard required for 21 students is 

⇒ 352352 × 21 = 7392cm2.

66

The condition, for which the system of equations 2ax + 4ay = c and 3bx + 6by = d has no solution, is

  1. ((a))

    2ad ≠ 3bc

  2. ((b))

    2ac = 3bd

  3. ((c))

    3ac ≠ 2bd

  4. ((d))

    2ad = 3bc

Show Answer
Answer: ((a))

2ad ≠ 3bc

Given:

Equations 2ax + 4ay = c and 3bx + 6by = d

Concept Used:

Suppose a1x + b1y + c1 = 0 and a2x + b2y +c2 = 0 represents the pair of linear equations in two variables x and y. If (a1/a2) = (b1/b2) ≠ (c1/c2), then there will be no solution.

Calculation:

⇒ a1a2=b1b2c1c2\frac{a_1}{a_2} = \frac{b_1}{b_2} \neq \frac{c_1}{c_2}

⇒ 2a3b=4a6bcd\frac{2a}{3b} = \frac{4a}{6b} \neq \frac{c}{d}

⇒ 2a3bcd\frac{2a}{3b} \neq \frac{c}{d}

⇒ 2ad ≠ 3bc .

67

25 cards are numbered from 1 to 25. One card is drawn at random. The probability that the number drawn on the card is not a multiple of 3, is

  1. ((a))

    1725\frac{{17}}{{25}}

  2. ((b))

    1325\frac{{13}}{{25}}

  3. ((c))

    825\frac{8}{{25}}

  4. ((d))

    1125\frac{11}{{25}}

Show Answer
Answer: ((a))

1725\frac{{17}}{{25}}

Shortcut Trick

Number of multiples of 3 up to 25 = 25 ÷ 3 ≈ 8 (taking the integer part).

Number of cards that are NOT multiples of 3 = 25 − 8 = 17.

Required Probability = Favorable Outcomes ÷ Total Outcomes = 17/25.

∴ The correct answer is 17/25.

Alternate Method

Given:

Total number of cards = 25 (numbered 1 to 25)

Formula Used:

Probability P(E) = Number of favorable outcomes ÷ Total number of possible outcomes

P(Not E) = 1 − P(E)

Calculations:

⇒ Sample space S = {1, 2, 3, ..., 25}

⇒ Total possible outcomes, n(S) = 25

⇒ Let E be the event of drawing a multiple of 3.

⇒ E = {3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24}

⇒ Number of favorable outcomes for E, n(E) = 8

⇒ Probability of drawing a multiple of 3, P(E) = n(E) ÷ n(S) = 8/25

⇒ Probability of NOT drawing a multiple of 3 = 1 − P(E)

⇒ 1 − 8/25 = (25 − 8) / 25 = 17/25

∴ The correct answer is 17/25.

Additional Information

Complementary Events

The sum of the probabilities of an event happening and not happening is always equal to 1. Formula: P(A) + P(A') = 1.

Finding Multiples in a Range

To find the number of multiples of a number 'k' from 1 to 'N', you simply take the greatest integer less than or equal to N ÷ k.

Mutually Exclusive Events

Two events are mutually exclusive if they cannot happen at the same time. The probability of either event occurring is the sum of their individual probabilities: P(A or B) = P(A) + P(B).

68

In the adjoining fig. AB and CD are common tangents to two touching circles. If CD = 8 cm, then AB =

  1. ((a))

    16 cm

  2. ((b))

    12 cm

  3. ((c))

    4 cm 

  4. ((d))

    8 cm

Show Answer
Answer: ((a))

16 cm

Given:

AB and CD are common tangents to two touching circles. If CD = 8 cm.

Calculation:

From the given figure,

CD = 8 cm

CD =AD = 8 cm (tangents drawn from an exterior point are equal)

CD = BD = 8 (tangents drawn from an exterior point are equal)

Now, AB = AD + BD

⇒ 8 + 8 = 16 cm.

69

The product of (12,+,218)(48,,50)\left( {\sqrt {12} , + ,2\sqrt {18} } \right)\left( {\sqrt {48} , - ,\sqrt {50} } \right) is

  1. ((a))

    202,+,1620\sqrt 2 , + ,16

  2. ((b))

    8768 - 7\sqrt 6

  3. ((c))

    1463614\sqrt 6 - 36

  4. ((d))

    3+433 + 4\sqrt 3

Show Answer
Answer: ((c))

1463614\sqrt 6 - 36

Given:

(12,+,218)(48,,50)\left( {\sqrt {12} , + ,2\sqrt {18} } \right)\left( {\sqrt {48} , - ,\sqrt {50} } \right)

Calculation:

⇒ (12,+,218)(48,,50)\left( {\sqrt {12} , + ,2\sqrt {18} } \right)\left( {\sqrt {48} , - ,\sqrt {50} } \right)

⇒ 576\sqrt{576} - 600\sqrt{600} + 3456\sqrt{3456} - 3600\sqrt{3600}

⇒ 24 - 10610\sqrt6 + 24624\sqrt 6 - 60

⇒ 1463614\sqrt 6 - 36 .

70

ΔPQR is inscribed in a circle with centre 'O' If ∠QPR = 30° and OQ = 5 cm, then QR =

  1. ((a))

    6 cm

  2. ((b))

    10 cm

  3. ((c))

    5 cm

  4. ((d))

    4 cm

Show Answer
Answer: ((c))

5 cm

Given:

∠QPR = 30° and OQ = 5 cm.

Calculation:

Given that O is centre of the circle the OQ and OR will be radius of the circle

Now,

∠QOR = 2 × ∠QPR

∠QOR = 2 × 30° 

∠QOR = 60° 

Now in \bigtriangleup QOR

 ∠QOR + ∠OQR + ∠ORQ = 180° 

Here, ∠OQR = ∠ORQ = x 

⇒ 60° + x + x = 180° 

⇒ 2x = 120° 

⇒ x = 60° 

Now,  ∠QOR = ∠OQR =  ∠ORQ = 60° 

Hence forming an equilateral triangle 

And we know in equilateral triangle all sides are equal 

So,

OQ = OR = QR = 5cm

∴ The correct answer is 5 cm.

71

Two cylindrical vessels with radii 6 cm and 8 cm and heights 12 cm and 9 cm respectively are filled with water. If this water when poured to fill up a new cylindrical vessel, then the level of water in the new vessel is 7 cm. Find its radius.

  1. ((a))

    12 cm

  2. ((b))

    8 cm

  3. ((c))

    9 cm

  4. ((d))

    6 cm

Show Answer
Answer: ((a))

12 cm

Given:

Radius 6 cm and 8 cm

heights 12 cm and 9 cm

new vessel height is 7 cm

Formula Used:

Volume of cylinder = πr2h\pi r^2h

Calculation:

The volume of 1st cylindrical vessel = π\pi  × (6)2 × 12 = 432π\pi  cm3

The volume of 2st cylindrical vessel = π\pi  × (8)2 × 9 = 576π\pi  cm3

Let r be the radius of vessel, which will contain water of the both vessels.

∴ Volume of cylindrical vessel = sum of volume of both vessels.

⇒ πr2h\pi r^2h = 432π\pi  + 576π\pi

⇒ r× 7 = 1008

⇒ r2 = 144

⇒ r = 12 cm

72

If the nth term of an A.P is 6n + 2, then the sum of first 'n' terms of the A.P is

  1. ((a))

    n (n + 2)

  2. ((b))

    n (2n + 1)

  3. ((c))

    n (3n + 5)

  4. ((d))

    n (2n + 3)

Show Answer
Answer: ((c))

n (3n + 5)

Given:

If the nth term of an A.P is 6n + 2

Formula Used:

Sum of nth term of an A.P = n2[2a+(n1)d]\frac{n}{2}[2a +(n-1)d]

Calculation:

an = 6n + 2 → (1)

and we know that nth term of an A.P is given by

an = a1 + (n-1)d

⇒ an = a1 - d + nd → (2)

Comparing (1) and (2) we get

common difference d = 6 and a1 - d = 2

So, a1 = 8,

∴ Sum = n2[2a+(n1)d]\frac{n}{2}[2a +(n-1)d]

n2[16+(n1)6]\frac{n}{2}[16 + (n-1)6]

n2×2[8+3n3]\frac{n}{2}\times {2}[8 + 3n -3]

= n(3n +5)

73

In the given figure, DE || BC. If ∠ABC = 126° and ∠ADE = 150°, then ∠A = 

  1. ((a))

    38° 

  2. ((b))

    20° 

  3. ((c))

    24° 

  4. ((d))

    30° 

Show Answer
Answer: ((c))

24° 

Given:

DE || BC. 

∠ABC = 126° and ∠ADE = 150°

Calculation:

DE || BC as per the figure

⇒ ∠A = ∠ADE - ∠ABC

⇒  ∠A = 150 - 126

⇒  ∠A = 24°

74

The angle whose supplement is thrice its complement is

  1. ((a))

    50°

  2. ((b))

    75°

  3. ((c))

    30°

  4. ((d))

    45°

Show Answer
Answer: ((d))

45°

Given:

The angle whose supplement is thrice.

Calculation:

Let the required angle = x

Then its complement angle = 90° - x

and supplement angle = 180° - x

∴ 180° - x = 3(90° - x)

⇒ 180° - x = 270° - x

​⇒ -x + 3x = 270° - 180°

​⇒ 2x = 90°

​⇒ x = 45°

75

The radius of the wheels of a car is 50 cm. How many complete revolutions does each wheel make in 5 min, when the car is travelling at a speed of 132 km/h?

  1. ((a))

    4350

  2. ((b))

    3780

  3. ((c))

    3500

  4. ((d))

    4175

Show Answer
Answer: ((c))

3500

Given:

Radius of wheel = 50 cm

Speed = 132 km/h

Formula Used:

Distance = speed × time

Circumference of each wheel = 2πr2\pi r 

Calculation:

Circumference of each wheel = 2πr2\pi r = 2 × 50 × π\pi = 100π\pi .

Now, 

Speed of car = 132 km/hr = 132 × 10000060\frac{100000}{60} cm/min

Distance = 132 × 10000060\frac{100000}{60} × 5 = 1100000 cm

Number of revolutions = 1100000100π\frac{1100000}{100\pi} = 3500.

76

Direction: Complete the sentence choosing the right form of Prefix:

The doctor _______ assured me that my mother would be fine.

  1. ((a))

    un

  2. ((b))

    re

  3. ((c))

    en

  4. ((d))

    de

Show Answer
Answer: ((b))

re

The correct answer is 're'.

Key Points

  • The meaning of the verb "assured" is to promise somebody that something will certainly happen or be true, especially if he/she is worried. (आश्‍वासन देना, भरोसा दिलाना, ढाढ़स बाँधना)
  • The given sentence says that the doctor once again assured that the mother would be fine.
  • The prefix that goes with 'assured' is "re-".
  • Re- is a prefix which means “again”. It is used to indicate repetition, or is used with the meaning “back” or “backward” to indicate withdrawal or backward motion: regenerate; refurbish; retype; retrace; revert.
  • The meaning of the verb "reassured" is to say or do something in order to stop somebody from worrying or being afraid. (किसी को आश्‍वस्‍त करना)
  • Example: The airline reassured that all the customers were safe. ​​
  • Prefixes 'un-', 'en-' and 'de-' do not fit with 'assured'.
  • So, the correct answer is option 2*.*

Correct sentence: The doctor reassured me that my mother would be fine.

Additional Information

  • Prefix are the letters or words that are used before another words to form new words with different meanings.
  • 'un-' means not.
  • ​Ex. occupied - unoccupied, certain - uncertain, etc.
  • Sentence: There were a lot of unoccupied chairs in the cinema hall.
  • 'en-' is used to describe the process of putting someone/something into a particular state.
  • ​Ex. shrine - enshrine, danger - endanger, etc.
  • Sentence: The rights of the people are enshrined in the constitution.
  • 'de-' means removal or separation of someone or something.
  • Ex. hydrate - dehydrate, tour - detour, etc.
  • Sentence: They took a detour from the main market.
77

Direction: Choose the option that best fills in to complete the given sentence:

Drunken driving _______ many accidents.

  1. ((a))

    was causing 

  2. ((b))

    causes

  3. ((c))

    is causing

  4. ((d))

    cause

Show Answer
Answer: ((b))

causes

The correct answer is "causes."

Key Points

  • The given sentence describes a general truth.
  • So, the tense of the sentence will be Present Indefinite Tense.
  • The structure will be as: Subject + (Verb1 + s/es) + Object.
  • Example: She exercises daily.
  • The subject "Drunken driving" is a gerund and it is a singular subject.
  • So, according to subject-verb agreement, we must use a singular verb with it.
  • Therefore, the correct word to be filled in the blank is 'causes'.
  • In option 4, the verb 'cause' is in Present indefinite Tense, but "cause" is a plural verb. So, option 4 is incorrect.
  • Hence, option 2 is the correct answer.

Correct sentenceDrunken driving causes many accidents.

Additional Information

  • In option 1, 'was causing' denotes Past Continuous Tense which is used when the action was in progress in the Past.
  • Its structure is: Sub. + was/were + (Verb+ing) + object.
  • Ex. Rajesh was standing at the railway station.
  • In option 3, 'is causing' denotes Present Continuous Tense which is used when the action is in progress in the Present.
  • Its structure is: Sub. + is/am/are + (Verb+ing) + object.
  • Ex. Many employees of the company are demanding a hike in their salary.
78

Direction: Read the sentence carefully and choose the option that has an error in it:

Joshy Jaroor, the sports reporter, always reports any event like it is.

  1. ((a))

    Joshy Jaroor, the sports reporter

  2. ((b))

    always reports

  3. ((c))

    any event

  4. ((d))

    like it is

Show Answer
Answer: ((d))

like it is

The erroneous part is "like it is."

Key Points

  • The error lies in part "like it is."
  • The context of the sentence tells us that Joshy Jaroor always presents events in their true context.
  • The word 'like' is used to mean 'similar to' or 'the same as'. It can also be used to give examples.
  • It refers to 'similar to or the same way as'.
  • Example: I wish I could have a house like yours.
  • The word 'as' is used in sentences to highlight the job, appearance or function.
  • It refers to 'in the role of'.
  • Example: He is late for the class, as always.
  • So, we must replace "like it is" with "as it is" which means in the same way as it happened.
  • Therefore, the correct answer is Option 4.

Correct sentence: Joshy Jaroor, the sports reporter, always reports any event as it is.​

Additional Information

  • We use comma in case of Apposition to show the description, designation or the post of the person.
  • The post, description or designation is placed just after the name by using a comma.
  • For example: Ayush, the captain of our team, won the Man of the match award in today's match.
79

Direction: Read the sentence carefully, and choose the option that has an error in it:

All the players were animated about the last game of the series, which they expected to be real exciting.

  1. ((a))

    All the players were animated

  2. ((b))

    about the last game of the series

  3. ((c))

    which they expected to be 

  4. ((d))

    real exciting 

Show Answer
Answer: ((d))

real exciting 

Here, the erroneous part is "real exciting."

Key Points

  • The error lies in part "real exciting."
  • Really is an adverb while real is an adjective which is used to modify a noun or a pronoun.
  • Here we need an adverb "really" to modify the verb 'exciting'.
  • "Real" (adjective) means actually existing, not imagined. (असली, वास्‍तविक)
  • "Really" (adverb) means in a very great way or to a great degree. (बहुत; वास्‍तव में)
  • It should be 'really exciting'.
  • Therefore, the correct answer is Option 4.

Correct sentenceAll the players were animated about the last game of the series, which they expected to be really exciting.

Additional Information

  • A verb, adjective, another adverb, determiner, clause and preposition are typically modified by an adverb.
  • Adverbs often answer questions like "how," "in what way," "when," "where," and "to what extent" by expressing things like method, place, time, frequency, degree, level of certainty, etc.
  • Example: Mira strolled leisurely along the shore.

                                    Bill started talking loudly.

80

Direction: Choose the correct form of the verb that is in agreement with the subject:

At the end of the tube there ______ two lenses: one which gathers light and the other which magnifies the image.

  1. ((a))

    have been

  2. ((b))

    is

  3. ((c))

    are

  4. ((d))

    are being 

Show Answer
Answer: ((c))

are

The correct answer is 'are'.

Key Points

  • We can see that the second part of the given sentence is in Present Tense.
  • So, the first part will be in Simple Present tense as it describes a general fact/truth.
  • Now, here we are talking about "two lenses" which is a plural subject.
  • So, according to Subject Verb agreement, we need a plural helping verb "are" with it.
  • Therefore, the correct answer is Option 3.

Correct sentenceAt the end of the tube there are two lenses: one which gathers light and the other which magnifies the image.

Additional Information

  • In option 1, 'have been' denotes Present Perfect Continuous Tense. 
  • It is used when the action started in the Past and is still in progress in the Present Time.
  • Its structure is: Subject + has/have + been + (Verb+ing) + time phrase
  • Ex. I have been playing cricket for ten years.
  • In option 2, 'is' denotes Simple Present Tense and it is used with singular subjects. 
  • It is used to denote general facts/truth and actions happening right now or at regular time intervals.
  • Its structure is: Subject + is/am/are + object. 
  • Ex. Ram is my brother.
  • In option 4, 'are being' denotes Passive voice of Present Continuous Tense. 
  • It used when the action is in progress in the Present Time.
  • Its structure is: Subject + is/am/are + being + Verb3 + object.
  • Ex. The walls are being painted by the painter.
81

Direction: Choose the option that best transforms the sentence into its Direct / Indirect form:

“You must not tell anyone,” my mother said.

  1. ((a))

    My mother warned me not to tell to anyone.

  2. ((b))

    My mother warned me that I must not to tell anyone.

  3. ((c))

    My mother warns me not to tell anyone. 

  4. ((d))

    My mother warned me not to tell anyone.

Show Answer
Answer: ((d))

My mother warned me not to tell anyone.

The correct answer is "My mother warned me not to tell anyone."

Key Points

  • The given sentence is a Direct narration. It is an Imperative sentence.
  • Rules for changing Direct speech into Indirect speech for imperative sentences: 
  • Comma and inverted commas will be removed.
  • The reporting verb said/said to is changed into asked, requested, ordered, enquired, warned as per the nature of the sentence.
  • The first person in reported speech changes according to the subject of reporting speech.
  • The second person in reported speech changes according to the object of reporting speech.
  • The third person remains unchanged.
  • As it is an Imperative sentence, reporting verb 'said' will change into 'warned' as per the sense of the sentence.
  • Pronoun 'you' will change into 'me'.
  • In order to change an imperative sentence into indirect speech, we use a to-infinitive.
  • Example:
  • The old woman said to the boy, ‘Please help me.’
  • The old woman requested the boy to help her.
  • ​Therefore, the correct answer is Option 4.

Correct sentenceMy mother warned me not to tell anyone.

82

Direction: Choose the appropriate option that completes the given sentence correctly:

You can see what I am doing ______ you observe me carefully.

  1. ((a))

    and

  2. ((b))

    until

  3. ((c))

    if

  4. ((d))

    whereas

Show Answer
Answer: ((c))

if

The correct answer is "if."

Key Points

  • The context of the sentence tells us that if the person is observed carefully, then it can be seen what he is doing.
  • The given sentence poses a condition.
  • So, the most appropriate word to be filled in the blank is 'if' which denotes the condition or conditional clause.
  • If: We use 'if' to introduce a possible or unreal situation or condition.
  • Example: You can only go in if you've got your ticket.
  • All other conjunctions do not fit in the blank as per the context of the sentence.
  • Therefore, the correct answer is Option 3.

Correct sentence: You can see what I am doing if you observe me carefully.

Additional Information

  • Let us explore other options:
  • And: And is a coordinating conjunction which connects two words, phrases and sentences.
  • Example: The players and the coach are very excited to win the trophy.
  • Until: Until means up to the time or event mentioned.
  • Example: You can not achieve anything until you try.
  • Whereas: Whereas is used to show contrast with something.  
  • Example: I love to go to parties whereas my wife prefers to stay at home.
83

Direction: Choose the option that is closest in meaning to the highlighted word in the given sentence:

I was filled with elation when I passed the exam with a first-class grade.

  1. ((a))

    contentment

  2. ((b))

    joy

  3. ((c))

    satisfaction

  4. ((d))

    consolation

Show Answer
Answer: ((b))

joy

The correct answer is "joy."

Key Points

  • Let us see the meaning of "Elation":
  • Elation means the state of great happiness and joy. (अति प्रसन्‍नता, उल्‍लास, हर्ष)
  • Example: There is a sense of elation at being awarded as the employee of the month.
  • Now, let us explore the meanings of options:
  • Contentment: a feeling of satisfaction. (संतुष्टि, संतोष)
  • Joy: a feeling of great happiness. (हर्ष, ख़ुशी, आनंद)
  • Satisfaction: the feeling of pleasure that you have when you have done, got or achieved what you wanted. (संतुष्टि; तसल्ली)
  • Consolation: a thing or person that makes you feel better when you are sad. (दिलासा देने या धैर्य बँधाने वाली वस्‍तु या व्‍यक्ति; सांत्‍वना)
  • Therefore, the correct answer is Option 2.

Additional Information

  • Synonyms of Elation: Exhilaration, joy, delight, glee, excitement, etc.
  • Antonyms of Elation: Apathy, misery, depression, sorrow, etc.
84

Direction: Choose the appropriate option that fills in the given sentence correctly:

It is polite to greet your colleagues first thing ______the morning.

  1. ((a))

    in

  2. ((b))

    before

  3. ((c))

    on

  4. ((d))

    by

Show Answer
Answer: ((a))

in

The correct answer is "in."

Key Points

  • The context of the sentence tells us that it is polite to greet your coworkers right away in the morning.
  • In: We use in with morning, afternoon, evening and night, but we use on when we talk about a specific morning, afternoon, etc., or when we describe the part of the day.
  • Example: I always work best in the morning.
  • So, the preposition that fits the blank is 'in'.
  • Other prepositions do not fit in the context of the sentence.
  • So, the correct answer is Option 1.

Correct sentence: It is polite to greet your colleagues first thing in the morning.

Additional Information

  • Let us see the usage of other prepositions:
  • Before: Before means earlier than the time mentioned. It is also used to denote position prior to the other. 
  • Example: I will reach the destination before 6 o'clock.
  • On: On is used to denote particular day or date. It is also used to denote position.
  • Example: India got independence on 15 August, 1947.
  • By: By means ‘not later than’. It is used to refer to the time of arrangements and deadlines.
  • Example: They said that the plumber would be here by Monday.
85

Direction: Choose the appropriate option that fills in the given sentence correctly:

The pictures on the microfilm are very small ______ cannot be seen with the naked eye.

  1. ((a))

    but

  2. ((b))

    and

  3. ((c))

    or

  4. ((d))

    because

Show Answer
Answer: ((b))

and

The correct answer is 'and.'

Key Points 

  • The context of the sentence tells us that the pictures on the microfilm are so small that they are invisible to the naked eye.
  • ​The sentence is stating two qualities of a single subject i.e. "pictures on the microfilm."
  • And: "And" is a coordinating conjunction which is used to connect two words, phrases, clauses, and prefixes together.
  • And is used to join two words of the same rank or same qualities.
  • Example: He is bold and handsome.
  • ​​So, the conjunction that fits the blank is 'and'.
  • Therefore, the correct answer is Option 2.​

​Correct sentence: The pictures on the microfilm are very small and cannot be seen with the naked eye.

Additional Information

  • Let us see the meanings of the given options:
  • But: "But" is a coordinating conjunction which is used to connect contrasting ideas.
  • Example: I like him but I can't meet him.
  • Or: "Or" is used to connect different ideas or possibilities**.**
  • Example: You can pay now or when you come back to pick up the paint.
  • Because: "Because" is used when we are focusing on the reason. 
  • Example: She spoke quietly because she didn’t want Catherine to hear.
86

Direction: Choose the option that best transforms the sentence into its other voice:

The poor are helped by her.

  1. ((a))

    She helps the poor.

  2. ((b))

    She helped the poor.

  3. ((c))

    She is helping the poor.

  4. ((d))

    She is helped by the poor.

Show Answer
Answer: ((a))

She helps the poor.

The correct answer is: 'She helps the poor.'

Key Points 

  • The given sentence is in Passive Voice. It is in Simple Present Tense.
  • As per the given question, we must change it to Active Voice.
  • The structure of the given sentence is as follows:
  • Subject + V1(s/es)+ Object. (Active Voice)
  • Subject (objective case)+ is/am/are + V3 + Object (subjective case). (Passive Voice)
  • Example:
  • Their cousin shows them some rare photographs. (Active Voice)
  • They are shown some rare photographs by their cousin. (Passive Voice)
  • The subject of the given sentence is 'The poor'.​​
  • The object of the given sentence is 'her'.
  • The subject will be put in place of the object and the object will be put in place of the subject.
  • "Her" is changed to "she."
  • And 'are helped' will be changed into 'helps'.
  • Preposition  'by' will be removed.
  • Therefore, the correct answer is Option 1.

Correct sentence: She helps the poor.

87

Direction: Choose the option that best transforms the given sentence as directed:

Harish is a wise boy. (The negative form of the sentence)

  1. ((a))

    Harish is not a foolish boy.

  2. ((b))

    Harish is not a wise boy.

  3. ((c))

    Harish is not being a foolish boy.

  4. ((d))

    Harish is never a wise boy.

Show Answer
Answer: ((a))

Harish is not a foolish boy.

The correct answer is 'Harish is not a foolish boy.'

Key Points 

  • An affirmative sentence is a positive sentence and is opposite of a negative sentence. These two sentences express an opposing idea.
  • An affirmative sentence does not contain negative words like ‘no’, ‘not’, ‘never’ etc.
  • While changing an affirmative sentence into a negative sentence by adding the negative words, care must be taken to change the adjective into a word that is opposite in meaning.
  • So, to change the given sentence in negative form, we have to change the adjective 'wise' into 'foolish' which is the opposite in meaning and add "not" before the adjective.
  • Example: The boy was happy. (Affirmative)

                                      The boy was not sad. (Negative)

  • Similarly, option 1 has the same meaning as the original sentence.
  • Therefore, the correct answer is Option 1.

Correct sentence: Harish is not a foolish boy.

88

Direction: Choose the appropriate option that fills in the given sentence correctly:

He sent her a lovely bouquet ______ red roses which she threw ______ the floor.

  1. ((a))

    in, to

  2. ((b))

    on, for

  3. ((c))

    of, to

  4. ((d))

    of, on

Show Answer
Answer: ((d))

of, on

The correct answer is 'of, on.'

<br>

Key Points   

  • The context of the sentence tells us that the girl threw the lovely red roses bouquet on the floor which the person sent her.
  • Of: We use "of" when we want to show that people or things relate to other things or people.​
  • Example: Tiffany stared at the floor of her room.
  • ​​The first blank has the structure collective noun + preposition + noun.
  • In this type of structure, preposition 'of' is used.
  • So, we must use "of" in the first blank.
  • On: "On" is used to show that something is in a position above something else and touching it.
  • Example: Look at all the books on your desk!
  • The second blank is referring to something that is in a position above the floor, so we must use "on" in the second blank.
  • Hence, the correct answer is Option 4.

Correct sentence: *He sent her a lovely bouquet of red roses which she threw on the floor.*​

Additional Information

  • Let us look at the usage of the other prepositions:
  • In: We use "in" when something is located inside of a defined space. 
  • Example: I’m in the building now.
  • To: "To" is a preposition which is used to indicate a goal or a direction of movement, as well as a place of arrival.
  • Example: That's the way you use it when you say you're going to class tomorrow.
  • For: We use "for" to talk about a purpose or a reason of something.
  • Example: I bought the gift for you.
89

Direction: Choose the most suitable determiner for the given sentence:

Because his argument was so confusing, ______ people understood it.

  1. ((a))

    very few

  2. ((b))

    a few

  3. ((c))

    less

  4. ((d))

    many 

Show Answer
Answer: ((a))

very few

The correct answer is 'very few.'

Key Points   

  • The sentence states that only a handful of individuals could understand his reasoning since it was so confusing.
  • Very few: "Very few" means "not many (people or things)". It is used to say that there are not a lot of people or things.
  • Example: I have very few friends.
  • So, the correct answer is Option 1.

Correct sentence: Because his argument was so confusing, very few people understood it.

Additional Information

  • Let us look at the usage of other options:
  • A few: "A few" means "some (people or things)." It is used to say that there are a small number of people or things.
  • Example: Most of his books are boring, but there are a few that I like.
  • Less: According to usage rules, "less" is used for singular mass nouns.
  • Example: You can have less salt, money, honesty, or love.
  • Many: We use "many" to refer to a large number of something countable.
  • Example: Were there many children at the party?
90

Direction: Choose the option that best transforms the sentence into its other voice:

Shut the door.

  1. ((a))

    The door is to be shutted.

  2. ((b))

    The door is shut. 

  3. ((c))

    Let the door be shut. 

  4. ((d))

    Let the door should be shutted.

Show Answer
Answer: ((c))

Let the door be shut. 

The correct answer is 'Let the door be shut.'

Key Points 

  • The given sentence is of Active voice. It is an imperative sentence.
  • The rules for changing an imperative sentence from active to passive voice are as follows:
  • Interchange the object and subject with each other, i.e. object of the active sentence become the subject of the passive sentence and vice-versa.
  • An imperative sentence in the passive voice has the following form:
  • Structure:
  • The root form of an instruction verb + Subject to take a specific action. (Active Voice)
  • Let + object + be + past participle of the instruction verb. (Passive Voice)
  • Example: ​
  • Carry it home. (Active Voice)
  • Let it be carried home. (Passive Voice)
  • ​​​​Here, the object is "the door" and the verb is "shut."
  • Therefore, the correct answer is Option 3.

Correct Passive voice is: Let the door be shut.

91

Direction: Choose the option that best transforms the sentence into its Direct / Indirect form:

The customs officer said, “What is your name?”

  1. ((a))

    The customs officer asked me what my name is.

  2. ((b))

    The customs officer asked me my name.

  3. ((c))

    The customs officer asked me to tell him my name.

  4. ((d))

    The customs officer asked me to tell him what my name was. 

Show Answer
Answer: ((d))

The customs officer asked me to tell him what my name was. 

The correct answer is: 'The customs officer asked me to tell him what my name was.'

Key Points 

  • The given narration is in Direct form.
  • It is in Simple Present Tense and is an interrogative sentence asking a question.
  • The rules for changing Direct Speech into Indirect Speech are as follows:
  • Simple Present Tense is changed into Simple Past Tense**.** So, 'is' will be changed into 'was'.
  • Remove the commas and inverted commas.
  • The reporting verb said/said to is changed in asked, demanded, ordered, enquired as per the nature of the sentence.
  • Here said will change into asked.
  • Remove the question mark in Indirect speech.
  • The question is changed to assertive form and is simply placed after the infinitive 'to'.
  • Example: 
  • John said to me, "What is your work?" (Direct speech)
  • John asked me what my work was. (Indirect speech)
  • Therefore, the correct answer is Option 4.​

Correct sentence: The customs officer asked me to tell him what my name was.

92

Direction: Choose the option that best punctuates the given sentence:

Thomas the new teacher started work last week

  1. ((a))

    Thomas, the new teacher, started work last week. 

  2. ((b))

    Thomas, the new teacher started work last week. 

  3. ((c))

    Thomas the new teacher, started work last week.

  4. ((d))

    Thomas, the new teacher, started work last week?

Show Answer
Answer: ((a))

Thomas, the new teacher, started work last week. 

The correct answer: "Thomas, the new teacher, started work last week."

Key Points 

  • When a speaker in a sentence names the person to whom he is speaking, this addressing of his audience is called direct address.
  • Direct address is indicated by the use of a comma or commas, depending upon its placement within the sentence.
  • Here, we need to use a comma ( , ) after "Thomas" and "the new teacher" for directly addressing "Thomas."
  • We use commas( , ) to separate independent clauses.
  • We must use a comma ( , ) if the introductory word or phrase is followed by a dependent clause.
  • Example: Tomorrow, if you want to go out or something, just call me.
  • The full stop (.) represents the greatest pause and separation and it is used to mark the end of a declarative or an Imperative sentence.
  • Example: I could reach just up to his waist.
  • Therefore, the correct answer is Option 1.

Correct sentence: Thomas, the new teacher, started work last week.

93

Direction: Choose the option that best transforms the given sentence as directed:

Honesty is the best policy. (Question tag)

  1. ((a))

    Honesty is the best policy, is it?

  2. ((b))

    Is honesty the best policy? 

  3. ((c))

    The best policy is honesty, is not it?

  4. ((d))

    Honesty is the best policy, isn’t it?

Show Answer
Answer: ((d))

Honesty is the best policy, isn’t it?

The correct answer is 'Honesty is the best policy, isn’t it?'

<br>

Key Points

  • Rules for question tag:
  • The sentence and the question tag must be in the same tense.
  • If the sentence is positive, the question tag must be negative, and vice-versa.
  • For the negative question tag, we use the contracted form of 'helping verb' and 'not.'
  • Always use pronouns in the question tag.
  • ​​The given sentence is positive, so we must use a negative question tag.
  • Example: They could hear me, couldn't they?​
  • ​The helping verb in the given sentence is "is" and the subject is 'honesty', so the question tag will be "isn't it".
  • So, the correct answer is Option 4.

​​Correct sentence: Honesty is the best policy, isn’t it?

94

Direction: Choose the option that best fills in to complete the given sentence:

Grapes ______ in tropical climates.

  1. ((a))

    don’t grow

  2. ((b))

    are not growing 

  3. ((c))

    doesn’t grow

  4. ((d))

    did not grew

Show Answer
Answer: ((a))

don’t grow

The correct answer is "don't grow."

Key Points 

  • The given sentence describes a general truth.
  • So, the tense of the sentence will be Present Indefinite Tense.
  • The structure of a negative sentence is as follows: Subject + do/does + not + verb 1st + object 
  • Example: She does not exercise daily.
  • "Do" is used for plural subjects and "Does" is used for singular subjects.
  • The subject "Grapes" is a plural subject.
  • So, according to subject-verb agreement, we must use a plural verb with it.
  • So, option 1 is the correct answer.

Correct sentence: Grapes don't grow in tropical climates.

Additional Information 

  • In option 2, 'are not growing' denotes Present Continuous Tense which is used when the action is in progress in the Present.
  • Its structure is: Sub. + is/am/are + not +(Verb+ing) + object.
  • Example: Rajesh is not standing at the railway station.
  • In option 4, 'did not grow'  denotes the Past Simple Tense which is used to refer to the actions that were completed in the past.
  • Its structure is: Sub. + did not + (Verb1) + object.
  • Example: Many employees of the company did not demand a hike in their salary.
95

Direction: Choose the option that best punctuates the given sentence:

Please order some paper pencils envelopes and erasers

  1. ((a))

    Please; order some paper, pencils, envelopes and erasers. 

  2. ((b))

    Please order, some paper, pencils, envelopes and erasers. 

  3. ((c))

    Please, order some paper, pencils, envelopes and erasers.

  4. ((d))

    Please order some paper, pencils, envelopes and erasers.

Show Answer
Answer: ((d))

Please order some paper, pencils, envelopes and erasers.

The correct answer is 'Please order some paper, pencils, envelopes and erasers.'

Key Points 

  • The full stop ( . ) represents the greatest pause and separation and is used to mark the end of a declarative or an Imperative sentence.
  • Example: Ram was going to the market.
  • ​Similarly, we must use a full stop ( . ) at the end of the sentence.
  • We use commas( , ) to separate all the items of a series or with independent clauses when they are joined by any of these seven coordinating conjunctions: and, but, for, or, nor, so, yet.
  • Example: I love vanilla ice cream, but my brother prefers chocolate.
  • So, we need a comma after "paper" and "pencils".
  • No other punctuation mark is required in this sentence.
  • Therefore, the correct answer is Option 4.

Correct sentence: Please order some paper, pencils, envelopes and erasers.

Direction: Read the following passage and answer the question given below:

Pacemakers are secretive little devices. A cardiologist must see a patient to know whether the machine is really doing its job. Now a German company called Biotronik has developed a pacemaker that clears up the mystery: It faxes daily reports to the doctor. A computer chip in the Biotronik pacemaker tracks heart rhythm and the number of jolts delivered. Patients keep a transmitter in a purse or on a bedside table. It forwards the details to Biotronik, triggering the delivery of a fax to the doctor’s office. If patients experience scary symptoms, they can wave a magnet in front of their chests to prompt an immediate transmission. Slightly more expensive than traditional pacemakers, it averages about $60,000. The Biotronik pacemaker is available now.

96

What does the pacemaker do? 

  1. ((a))

    It monitors heartbeats.

  2. ((b))

    It monitors and regulates heartbeats. 

  3. ((c))

    It monitors the breath cycle.

  4. ((d))

    It monitors blood circulation.

Show Answer
Answer: ((b))

It monitors and regulates heartbeats. 

The correct answer is 'It monitors and regulates heartbeats.'

Key Points

  • Let's have a look at the fifth sentence in the passage:   
  • “A computer chip in the Biotronik pacemaker tracks heart rhythm and the number of jolts delivered.”
  • From the passage, it can be concluded that the Biotronik pacemaker contains a computer chip that monitors heartbeat and the quantity of shocks given.
  • Therefore, the correct answer is Option 2.​
97

What are pacemakers?

  1. ((a))

    A neurological device.

  2. ((b))

    A cardiac device.

  3. ((c))

    An artificial limb.

  4. ((d))

    A grafted valve in the heart.

Show Answer
Answer: ((b))

A cardiac device.

The correct answer is 'A cardiac device.'

Key Points

  • From the passage, we can see that pacemakers are secretive little devices. They are small and shady gadgets.
  • If it is required by a patient, a cardiologist can determine whether the device is indeed working as intended.
  • The Biotronik pacemaker contains a computer chip that monitors heartbeat and the quantity of shocks given.
  • Transmitters are kept by patients in their purses or on their nightstands.
  • It sends the information to Biotronik, which causes a fax to be sent to the doctor's office and patients can wave a magnet in front of their chests to trigger an immediate transmission if they encounter alarming symptoms.
  • Therefore, the correct answer is Option 2.​
98

What is the cost of the Biotronik pacemaker? 

  1. ((a))

    $20000 

  2. ((b))

    $30000

  3. ((c))

    $50000

  4. ((d))

    $60000

Show Answer
Answer: ((d))

$60000

The correct answer is '$60000.'

Key Points

  • Let's have a look at the ninth sentence in the passage:   
  • “ Slightly more expensive than traditional pacemakers, it averages about $60,000.”
  • From the passage, it can be concluded that the Biotronik pacemaker costs, on average, about $60,000, which is a little more than conventional pacemakers.
  • Therefore, the correct answer is Option 4.​
99

How is the pacemaker devised by Biotronik different from other pacemakers?

  1. ((a))

    It is smaller.

  2. ((b))

    It is easier to replace.

  3. ((c))

    It can fax daily reports.

  4. ((d))

    It is cheaper. 

Show Answer
Answer: ((c))

It can fax daily reports.

The correct answer is 'It can fax daily reports.'

Key Points

  • Let's have a look at the fourth sentence in the passage:   
  • “ It faxes daily reports to the doctor.”
  • From the passage, it can be concluded that the doctor receives daily reports via fax.
  • Therefore, the correct answer is Option 3.​
100

What must the patient do when dangerous symptoms are noticed while wearing the Biotronik pacemaker?

  1. ((a))

    Raise the voltage of the transmitter. 

  2. ((b))

    Shake up the transmitter.

  3. ((c))

    Push a button in the transmitter.

  4. ((d))

    Wave a magnet in front of the chest.

Show Answer
Answer: ((d))

Wave a magnet in front of the chest.

The correct answer is 'Wave a magnet in front of the chest.'

Key Points

  • Let's have a look at the eighth sentence in the passage:   
  • “ If patients experience scary symptoms, they can wave a magnet in front of their chests to prompt an immediate transmission.”
  • From the passage, it can be concluded that patients can wave a magnet in front of their chests to trigger an immediate transmission if they encounter alarming symptoms.
  • Therefore, the correct answer is Option 4.​

Part B (100 questions)

101

______ is the highest peak of Madhya Pradesh.

  1. ((a))

    Arma Konda

  2. ((b))

    K2

  3. ((c))

    Doddabetta

  4. ((d))

    Dhupgarh

Show Answer
Answer: ((d))

Dhupgarh

The correct answer is Dhupgarh.

 Key Points

  • Dhupgarh Peak, near Pachmarhi in south-central Madhya Pradesh, is the highest point in the state.
  • To the northwest of the Vindhya range lies the Malwa plateau.
  • Mount Dhupgarh or Dhupgarh is the highest point in the Mahadev Hills, Madhya Pradesh, India.
  • Located at Pachmarhi in the Hoshangabad district, its elevation is 1,352 meters.

Additional Information

PeakDetails
Doddabetta- Doddabetta is the highest mountain in the Nilgiri Mountains at 2,637 meters. There is a reserved forest area around the peak. - It is the fourth-highest peak in South India next to Anamudi, Mannamalai, and Meesapulimala.
K2- K2, also called Mount Godwin Austen, is the world’s second-highest peak ([8,611 metres), second only to Mount Everest. - It lies in the Karakoram range.
Arma Konda- Arma Konda with an elevation of 1680m is the highest peak of this region. - The Eastern Ghats have a significant role in Indian agriculture as four major rivers of India i.e. Godavari, Mahanadi, Krishna, and Kaveri fall into the Bay of Bengal through the Eastern Ghats.
102

______ was not in “Lal Bal Pal” the triumvirate in India who advocated the Swadeshi movement.

  1. ((a))

    Bal Gangadhar Tilak

  2. ((b))

    Bipin Chandra Pal

  3. ((c))

    Lal Bahadur Shastri

  4. ((d))

    Lala Lajpat Rai

Show Answer
Answer: ((c))

Lal Bahadur Shastri

The correct answer is Lal Bahadur Shastri.

Key Points

‘Lal’ in ‘Lal Bal Pal’ stands for Lala Lajpat Rai.

  • LAL- Lala Lajpat Rai, popularly known as ‘Punjab Kesari’.
  • BAL- Bala Gangadhar Tilak, the Father of SWARAJYA.
  • PAL- Bipin Chandra Pal, ‘The Father Of Revolutionary Thoughts’.

Extra facts:

NicknamesPerson
Frontier Gandhi,
Badshah Khan
Khan Abdul Ghaffar
Khan
LoknayakJayaprakash Narayan
DeshbandhuChitta Ranjan Das
AjatshatruDr. Rajendra Prasad
Bismark of IndiaSardar Vallabhbhai Patel
Bihar KesariDr. Srikrishna Singh
103

First Indian woman to win an Olympic medal is ______.

  1. ((a))

    Saina Nehwal

  2. ((b))

    Mary Kom

  3. ((c))

    P.V. Sindhu

  4. ((d))

    Karnam Malleswari

Show Answer
Answer: ((d))

Karnam Malleswari

The correct answer is Karnam Malleshwari.

Key Points 

  • Karnam Malleswari:
  • At the Sydney 2000 Olympic Games, weightlifter Karnam Malleswari marked her place in Olympic and Indian sports history.
  • As she lifted 110 kg in the “snatch” and 130 kg in the “clean and jerk” for a total of 240 kg, she took the bronze medal and became India’s first woman to win an Olympic medal.

Important Points

  • PV Sindhu:
  • PV Sindhu became the first Indian woman athlete to win two individual Olympic medals as she won the bronze medal at the Tokyo Olympics.
  • She had won the silver medal at the 2016 Rio Olympics.
  • Mary Kom:
  • Mangte Chungneijang Mary Kom is an Indian amateur boxer, politician, and former Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha.
  • She is the only woman to win the World Amateur Boxing Championship six times, the only female boxer to have won a medal in each one of the first seven World Championships.​
  • Saina Nehwal :
  • Saina Nehwal is a female Indian singles badminton player.
  • A former world no. 1, she has won over 24 international titles, including eleven titles in the Superseries.
  • While she reached the 2nd world ranking in 2009, it was only in 2015 that she was able to cross the No. 1 world ranking.
104

______ is the only state in India to have its own official flag along with National flag.

  1. ((a))

    Uttar Pradesh

  2. ((b))

    Madhya Pradesh

  3. ((c))

    Bihar

  4. ((d))

    Jammu & Kashmir

Show Answer
Answer: ((d))

Jammu & Kashmir

The correct answer is Jammu & Kashmir.

Key Points

  • The state of Jammu and Kashmir had an officially recognised state flag between 1952 and 2019 under the special status granted to the state by Article 370 of the Constitution of India.
  • The flag was red with three white vertical stripes in the hoist and a plough in the fly.
  • The red background stood for labour, the stripes stood for the three administrative divisions of the state (Jammu, Kashmir and Ladakh) and the plough stood for agriculture.
  • The ratio of the flag was 3:2.

Important Points

  • After the abolition of Article 370 in August 2019, this flag lost its official status.
  • It is a red-and-white flag with a representation of a plough and three constituent regions of the state.
105

The largest district in Madhya Pradesh by population is ______.

  1. ((a))

    Bhopal

  2. ((b))

    Chhindwara

  3. ((c))

    Indore

  4. ((d))

    Dhar

Show Answer
Answer: ((c))

Indore

The correct answer is Indore.

Key Points 

  • Indore of Madhya Pradesh is the largest populated district in the state.
DistrictPopulationSex RatioLiteracyDensity
Indore3,276,69792880.87%841
Jabalpur2,463,28992981.07%473
Sagar2,378,45889376.46%232
Bhopal2,371,06191880.37%855
Rewa2,365,10693171.62%375

Additional Information 

  • The population of Madhya Pradesh has increased by 20.35% in this decade (2001–2011) as compared to the previous decade (1991–2001).
  • The density of the state of Madhya Pradesh in the present decade is 610 per square mile.
  • The population of the state of Madhya Pradesh is 72,626,809.
  • The density of Madhya Pradesh state is 236 per sq. km.
106

Keoti is in ______ district of Madhya Pradesh.

  1. ((a))

    Bhopal

  2. ((b))

    Chambal

  3. ((c))

    Gwalior

  4. ((d))

    Rewa

Show Answer
Answer: ((d))

Rewa

The correct answer is Rewa.

Key Points

  • The Keoti Waterfalls is on the Mahana River, a tributary of Tamsa or Tons River as it comes down from the Rewa Plateau.
  • It is located in the Sirmaur of Rewa district in Madhya Pradesh.
  • Other major waterfalls in Rewa are:
  • Purva on Tons river.
  • Bahuti on the Sellar river.
  • Chachai on Bihad river.

Additional Information 

Other major waterfalls in India are

WaterfallRiverState
KunchikalVaraniKarnataka
Jog/GersoppaSharavatiKarnataka
Rakim kundGaighatBihar
ChachaiBihadMadhya Pradesh
KeotiMahanadiMadhya Pradesh
ShivasamudramCauveryKarnataka
107

ISRO Master control facility is located at ______ in Madhya Pradesh.

  1. ((a))

    Bhopal 

  2. ((b))

    Indore 

  3. ((c))

    Bhojpur

  4. ((d))

    Jabalpur

Show Answer
Answer: ((a))

Bhopal 

The correct answer is Bhopal.

Key Points

  • Bhopal "Master Control Facility(MCF)": 
  • It is located in the state headquarters of Madhya Pradesh i.e Bhopal.
  • It is one of the Indian Space Research Organisation(ISRO) centers.
  • Master Control Facility is responsible for the orbit raising of satellites, and for payload testing while satellites are in orbit and their operations.
  • MCF works during the whole life of satellites by its activities of Tracking, Telemetry, and Commanding.
  • MCF monitors and controls satellites of ISRO (Geostationary and Geosynchronous Orbit Satellites)
  • And for recovery actions of satellites in case of contingencies.
  • MCF interacts with user agencies for reducing disturbances and for good utilization of satellite payloads.
108

First Indian Woman to win a commonwealth gymnastics medal is ______.

  1. ((a))

    Jwala Gutta

  2. ((b))

    Deepika Kumari

  3. ((c))

    P.V. Sindhu

  4. ((d))

    Dipa Karmakar

Show Answer
Answer: ((d))

Dipa Karmakar

The correct answer is Dipa Karmakar.

Key Points

  • Dipa Karmakar is the first Indian female gymnast ever to compete in the Olympics.
  • She is an Indian artistic gymnast.
  • She hails from Agartala, Tripura.
  • She won a bronze medal at the 2014 Commonwealth Games in Glasgow, becoming the first Indian female gymnast to do so in the history of the Game.
  • She also won a bronze medal at the Asian Gymnastics Championships.
  • Karmakar represented India at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro, becoming the first Indian female gymnast ever to compete in the Olympics.
  • In July 2018, Karmakar became the first Indian gymnast to win a gold medal at a global event, when she finished first in the vault event of the FIG Artistic Gymnastics World Challenge Cup at Mersin, Turkey.
  • She has been awarded the Padma Shri in 2017.
  • For her performance in Rio Olympics 2016, she was awarded the Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna award in August 2016.
109

Who won the 2016 Asian Men's Hockey Champions Trophy ?

  1. ((a))

    South Korea

  2. ((b))

    Malaysia

  3. ((c))

    India

  4. ((d))

    Pakistan

Show Answer
Answer: ((c))

India

The correct answer is India.

  • The 2016 Asian Hockey Champions Trophy tournament held in Kuantan, Malaysia.
  • India stormed into the final of the fourth Asian Champions Trophy Hockey tournament, beating South Korea.
  • Goalkeeper PR Sreejesh leads an 18-member Indian men's hockey team in the tournament.
  • Hockey India selectors named midfielder Manpreet Singh as the vice-captain of the side.
  • The 2016 Asian Men's Hockey Champions Trophy is the 4th edition of the Asian Hockey Champions Trophy for men.

Additional Information

  • The Men's Asian Champions Trophy is an event held annually by the Asian Hockey Federation (since 2011).
  • It features Asia's top six field hockey teams during that hockey season competing in a round robin format.
  • India and Pakistan are the joint most successful teams in this tournament's history.
110

______ has the world's largest population of wild water buffalo.

  1. ((a))

    Meghalaya

  2. ((b))

    Sikkim

  3. ((c))

    Assam

  4. ((d))

    West Bengal

Show Answer
Answer: ((c))

Assam

The correct answer is Both 1 and 2.

Key Points 

  • Wild water buffalo is majorly found in Assam, Chhattisgarh, Maharashtra, Meghalaya, Madhya Pradesh, and Arunachal Pradesh. Hence statement 1 is correct.
  • The wild water buffalo (Bubalus arnee), also known as Asian buffalo, Asiatic buffalo, and wild Asian buffalo is a large bovine native to the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia.
  • It has been cataloged as Endangered in the IUCN Red List since 1986, as the residuary population totals less than 4,000.
  • A population downfall of at least 50% over the last three generations (24–30 years) is projected to continue.
  • The planetary population has been estimated at 3,400 individuals, of which 3,100 (91%) live in India, mostly in Assam.
111

The river Narmada drains into the ______.

  1. ((a))

    Arabian Sea

  2. ((b))

    Bay of Bengal

  3. ((c))

    Indian ocean

  4. ((d))

    Atlantic ocean

Show Answer
Answer: ((a))

Arabian Sea

The correct answer is Arabian Sea.

Key Points

  • The Narmada River flows through various states and finally drains into the Gulf of Khambhat in the Arabian Sea.
  • The Source of the Narmada is Narmada Kund which is located at Amarkantak in Anuppur District.
  • The Narmada River also called the Reva.
  • Narmada River is the third-longest river that flows entirely within India after the Godavari and the Krishna.
  • The length of the Narmada River is 1312 km with a coverage area of 98,796 sq. km.
  • Narmada River has numerous waterfalls, mainly the Dhuandhar Falls in Jabalpur district.
  • The Tawa River is the biggest tributary of the Narmada River other than Sher, Shakkar, and Dudhi.
  • It is one of only three major rivers in peninsular India that run from east to west, along with the Tapti River and the Mahi River.
  • ‘Omkareshwar Jyotirlinga’ one of the twelve jyotirlingas dedicated to Lord Shiva is located on the banks of Narmada River It is situated in the Mandhata city (also known as Omkareshwar) in the Khandwa district of Madhya Pradesh state in India.
  • The major Hydro Power Project in the basin is Indira Sagar, Sardar Sarovar, Omkareshwar, Bargi & Maheshwar.
112

IRDA of India regulates and develops ______ industry in India.

  1. ((a))

    Banking

  2. ((b))

    Investment

  3. ((c))

    Mutual Funds

  4. ((d))

    Insurance

Show Answer
Answer: ((d))

Insurance

The correct answer is Insurance.

Key Points

  • The Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority” (IRDA) regulates the insurance sector in India.
  • It is a national agency and was formed in 1999.
  • It is situated in Hyderabad.
  • Debasish Panda is the Chairman of IRDA.
113

Pandit Birju Maharaj is an exponent of ______ dance.

  1. ((a))

    Kathak

  2. ((b))

    Kathakali

  3. ((c))

    Kuchipudi 

  4. ((d))

    Odissi 

Show Answer
Answer: ((a))

Kathak

The correct answer is Kathak.

Key Points 

  • Pandit Birju Maharaj was an Indian dancer, composer, singer and exponent of the Lucknow "Kalka-Bindadin" Gharana of Kathak dance<span style;"=""> in India.
  • Birju Maharaj was honoured with the country's second-highest Civilian Award, Padma Vibhushan in 1986 for his remarkable contribution.
  • Pandit Birju Maharaj, a legendary Kathak maestro, passed away on January 17, 2022, at the age of 83.

Additional Information

  • One of India's leading Bharatanatyam exponents and research scholars, Bala Devi Chandrashekhar.
  • The three influential figures in Kuchipudi, during the first half of the twentieth century, were Vedantam Lakshminarayana Sastri, Vempati Venkata Narayana Sastri, and Chinta Venkataramayya.
  • Mahapurush Srimanta Sankardev is credited with developing Sattriya dance into its present form to accompany performances of plays used for religious teaching.
  • By the 15th century, the flute had become part of the performance, and Sankardev composed music for the dances.
114

"The Test of My life" is an autobiography of cricketer ______.

  1. ((a))

    Sachin Tendulkar

  2. ((b))

    Yuvraj Singh

  3. ((c))

    Harbhajan Singh

  4. ((d))

    M.S. Dhoni

Show Answer
Answer: ((b))

Yuvraj Singh

The correct answer is Yuvraj Singh.

Key Points

  • The Test of My Life is an autobiography of Yuvraj Singh.
  • In his debut book 'The Test of My Life', he reveals how, plagued with insomnia, coughing fits that left him vomiting blood, and an inability to eat, he made a deal with God.
  • Yuvraj Singh is a former Indian cricketer and a cancer survivor.
  • In 2011, he emerged as the player of the tournament in the ICC World Cup.
  • 'Playing It My Way' is the autobiography of former Indian cricketer Sachin Tendulkar.
115

The Chairman of the Union Public Service Commission is appointed by the ______ of India.

  1. ((a))

    The Union Home Minister of India

  2. ((b))

    The President of India

  3. ((c))

    The Chief Justice of India

  4. ((d))

    Lok Sabha Members of India

Show Answer
Answer: ((b))

The President of India

The correct answer is 315.

Key Points

  • Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) is a Central recruiting agency responsible for the appointment and examination of All India Services and Group A and B of Central Services.
  • The UPSC was formed on 1st October 1926.
  • The headquarters of UPSC is in New Delhi.
  • The current chairman of UPSC is Manoj Soni. ( May 2022)
  • The first chairman of UPSC was Sir Ross Baker.
  • The chairman and other members of UPSC are appointed by the President of India.

Additional Information

ArticleRelated to
Article 280Finance Commission.
Article 324Election Commission of India.
Article 76Attorney General of India.
Article 148Comptroller and Auditor General (CAG).
Article 165Advocate General of State.
Article 243 – IState Finance Commission.
Article 243 – KState Election Commission.
Article 243ZDDistrict Planning Committee.
Article 243ZEMetropolitan Planning Committee.
Article 263Inter-State Council.
Article 279AGoods and Service Tax Council.
Article 315-323Union Public Service Commission. (UPSC) and State Public Service Commission.
Article 338National Commission for Scheduled Castes.
Article 338ANational Commission for Scheduled Tribes.
Article 338BNational Commission for Backward Classes.
Article 339Commission for Scheduled Area and Scheduled Tribes.
Article 340Commission for Backward Classes and National Green Tribunal.
Article 344Official Language Commission and Official Language Committee of Parliament.
Article 350BSpecial Officer for Linguistic Minorities.
116

How many countries participated in the 2016 Kabaddi World Cup ?

  1. ((a))

    8

  2. ((b))

    10

  3. ((c))

    12

  4. ((d))

    14

Show Answer
Answer: ((c))

12

The correct answer is -12 countries.

Key Points 

  • The 2016 Kabaddi World Cup was organized by the International Kabaddi Federation and contested from 7 to 22 October 2016 in Ahmedabad, India. 
  • Twelve countries participated in the tournament.
  • Winner   ⇒ India
  • First runners-up ⇒ Iran
  • Second runners-up ⇒ South Koria, Thailand

Important Points

  • Kabaddi is one of the oldest sports to be played in India. 
  • its origin is from the South Indian state of Tamil Nadu.
  • The word "kabadi" is derived from the Tamil word "kai-pudi" meaning "to hold hands".
117

As per RBI rules, what is the minimum age required to open and operate the savings bank accounts independently?

  1. ((a))

    08 Years

  2. ((b))

    10 Years

  3. ((c))

    14 Years

  4. ((d))

    18 Years

Show Answer
Answer: ((b))

10 Years

The correct answer is 10 Years.

Key Points

  • The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) allowed banks to offer savings accounts to minors above the age of 10 that they can operate themselves, back in early 2014.
  • Since then many banks have launched their bank accounts for minors, like ICICI Bank has its Young Stars Account, State Bank of India has PehlaKadam and PehliUdaan, HDFC Bank has Kids Advantage Account, and Union Bank of India has its Youth Banking Accounts.
  • Most banks have two separate versions of accounts for minors - one for those below 10 years and another for those between the ages of 10 years and 18 years. When a customer opens an account in the name of a child who has not yet turned 10, it has to be operated jointly with the parent or guardian. Whereas those opened for a minor between 10 years and 18 years of age can be operated by the child.
  • The minor bank accounts are restrictive in nature and not all features could be available compared with a normal account. Facilities like Internet banking, ATM or debit card, checkbook facility, etc., would still be there in a minor's account but they will be subject to safeguards and restrictions.
118

Which of the following metals is called as ‘King of Metals' ?

  1. ((a))

    Silver

  2. ((b))

    Gold

  3. ((c))

    Copper

  4. ((d))

    Steel

Show Answer
Answer: ((b))

Gold

The correct answer is Gold.

Key Points 

  • The right response is "Gold."
  • The metals that are most malleable are gold and silver.
  • The most ductile metal is gold.
  • Gold is present in the atmosphere in a free state.
  • It is considered as less reactive metal.
  • It does not react with O, C , CO3- etc. to form any compound and hence is always found in a free or pure state.

Additional Information 

  • Properties of Gold
  • Density (g/cc): 19.3.
  • Melting Point (°K): 1337.58.
  • Boiling Point (°K): 3080.
  • Appearance: soft, malleable, yellow metal.
  • Atomic Radius (pm): 146.
  • Atomic Volume (cc/mol): 10.2.
  • Covalent Radius (pm): 134.
  • Ionic Radius: 85 (+3e) 137 (+1e)
119

Which is the brightest star in the night sky?

  1. ((a))

    Sirius

  2. ((b))

    Vega

  3. ((c))

    Rigel

  4. ((d))

    Sun

Show Answer
Answer: ((a))

Sirius

The correct answer is 'Sirius'.

Key Points 

  • ​Sirius, also known as Alpha Canis Majoris or Dog Star, is the brightest star in the night sky from Earth.
  • Its apparent visual magnitude is -1.46, which is twice that of the second brightest star, the Canopus Star.
  • It is actually a twin star in the Canis Major constellation.
  • The Sirius is at a distance of about 8.6 light-years from Earth.

Additional Information 

  • Stars are made up of hot burning gases.
  • They emit light of their own.
  • A constellation is a group of stars forming a recognizable pattern.
  • At present, 88 constellations are recognized.
  • Sun is the brightest star.
  • The brightest star in the night sky is Sirius
PolarisAlso known as North Star. Unlike all the other stars in the sky, it is located at the same place i.e. above the North Pole every night from dusk to dawn, neither rising nor setting.
AntaresAlso known as Alpha Scorpii. It is red and one of the largest known stars. It is the brightest star of the Zodiac constellation Scorpius.
Proxima CentauriIt is the nearest star to the Earth situated at 4.3 light-years away. It is in the southern constellation Centaurus.
120

In which of the following fields is Kalidas Award not presented by Government of Madhya Pradesh?

  1. ((a))

    Classical music

  2. ((b))

    Theatre

  3. ((c))

    Visual Art

  4. ((d))

    Poetry

Show Answer
Answer: ((d))

Poetry

The correct answer is Poetry.

Key Points

  • The Kalidas Award is an arts award presented annually by the government of Madhya Pradesh.
  • The award is named after the ancient classical Sanskrit writer Kalidasa.
  • First awarded in 1980.
  • First recipients: Semmangudi Srinivasa Iyer and Mallikarjun Mansur.
  • Last recipient: Anjolie Ela Menon (2018).
  • Kalidas Award presented for the fields of:
  1. Classical music.
  2. Visual Art.
  3. Theater.
  4. Plastic Arts.
121

Indian Institute of Information Technology and Management is located in ______ of Madhya Pradesh.

  1. ((a))

    Gwalior 

  2. ((b))

    Sagar 

  3. ((c))

    Sanchi

  4. ((d))

    Maheshwar

Show Answer
Answer: ((a))

Gwalior 

The correct answer is Gwalior.

Key Points 

  • Atal Bihari Vajpayee Indian Institute of Information Technology and Management is located at Gwalior in Madhya Pradesh.
  • It is an autonomous institute set by the Ministry of Human Resources and Development, GOI in 1997.
  • Initially commenced as IITM, and prefix ABV was added in 2002 to honour former PM Atal Bihari Vajpayee.
  • Prof. Rajendra Sahu is the present Director and VK Modi is the present chairman of this institute.

Important Points 

  • Note that it is recognized as an Institute of National importance.
  • The Institute of national importance is a status conferred by an act of the Parliament of India.

Confusion Points 

Some major institutes and their locations with establishment year in MP-

  • State Institute of Health Management and Communication - Gwalior
  • Indian Institute of Forest Management- Bhopal (1982)
  • Indian Institute of Tourism and Travel Management- Gwalior (1983)
  • Indian Institute of Science Education and Research- Bhopal (2008)
  • National Institute of Fashion Technology- Bhopal
  • Indian Institue of Information Technology, Design and Manufacturing- Jabalpur (2005)
  • Indian Institute of Management (IIM) - Indore (1996)
  • Indian Institute of Technology (IIT)- Indore (2009)
122

______ is declared the first "baby friendly state" in the world by the World Health Organization.

  1. ((a))

    Kerala

  2. ((b))

    Madhya Pradesh

  3. ((c))

    Tamil Nadu

  4. ((d))

    Karnataka

Show Answer
Answer: ((a))

Kerala

The correct answer is Kerala.

Key Points

  • UNICEF and the World Health Organization (WHO) designated Kerala the world's first "baby-friendly state" because of its effective promotion of breast-feeding over formulas.
  • Over 95 per cent of Keralite births are hospital delivered and the state also has the lowest Infant mortality rate in the country.
  • The third National Family Health Survey ranks Kerala first in "Institutional Delivery" with 100 per cent births in medical facilities.
  • This significantly demonstrated impact on well-being of children in health, nutrition and education.
123

The first Indian and only tennis player to compete at seven Olympic games is ______.

  1. ((a))

    Leander Paes

  2. ((b))

    Mahesh Bhupathi

  3. ((c))

    Sania Mirza

  4. ((d))

    Somdev Devvarman

Show Answer
Answer: ((a))

Leander Paes

The correct answer is Leander Paes.

Key Points 

  • The first Indian and only tennis player to compete at seven Olympic games is Leander Paes.
  • Leander Paes is the only Indian tennis player to win an Olympic medal.
  • He won the Bronze Medal at Atlanta Olympic Games 1996 in the men's singles category.
  • He holds the record for most doubles wins in the Davis Cup.
  • He won 8 men's doubles and 10 mixed doubles Grand Slam titles.

Additional Information 

  • Grand Slam consists of four major tennis championships Australian Open, French Open, Wimbledon and US Open.
  • Wimbledon is the oldest tennis tournament in the world.
  • It has been held at All England Club in Wimbledon, London since the year 1877.
  • Wimbledon is the only major tournament to be played on grass.
124

Among the following places, where is the maximum sunlight found in December?

  1. ((a))

    Srinagar

  2. ((b))

    Kanyakumari

  3. ((c))

    Ooty

  4. ((d))

    Shimla

Show Answer
Answer: ((b))

Kanyakumari

The correct answer is Kanyakumari.

Key Points 

  • Kanyakumari is nearest to the Tropic of Capricorn.
  • Due to this, the sun's rays fall vertically here during December.
  • Kanyakumari is the southernmost point of peninsular India.
  • It is the place where, the three major oceans, that is, the Bay of Bengal, the Arabian Sea, and the Indian Ocean meet.
  • This place is regarded as an important Hindu pilgrim center.
  • It is known for its beautiful views of sunrise and sunset.
  • Kanyakumari is the intersection of the Western Coastal Plains and Eastern Coastal Plains.
  • It is utilized geographically to distinguish the southern end of the Coromandel Coast area.

Important Points 

  • The Tropic of Cancer passes through Gujarat, Chattisgarh, and Jharkhand.
  • Tropic of Cancer is an imaginary line that is at an angle of 23.50 degrees.
  • It is North of the Equator, which passes through the middle of India.
  • Tropic of Cancer passes through 17 countries and India is one of them.
  • The Tropic of Cancer passes through eight states in India:
  • Mizoram (Champhai)
  • Tripura (Udaipur)
  • West Bengal (Krishnanagar)
  • Jharkhand (Lohardaga)
  • Chhattisgarh (Sonhat)
  • Madhya Pradesh (Shajapur)
  • Rajasthan (Kalinjarh)
  • Gujarat (Jasdan)
125

Khajuraho group of temples were dedicated to two religions namely ______ and ______.

  1. ((a))

    Hinduism, Buddhism

  2. ((b))

    Hinduism, Jainism

  3. ((c))

    Buddhism, Jainism

  4. ((d))

    Jainism, Islam

Show Answer
Answer: ((b))

Hinduism, Jainism

The correct answer is Hinduism, Jainism.

Key Points

  • Chandela​ Kings built the temples at their capital in Khajuraho. These temples are known for their art and architecture.
  • These are situated in Chhatarpur, Madhya Pradesh and are UNESCO world heritage site.
  • These temples were dedicated to Hinduism and Jainism.
  • Khajuraho are a group of 85 temples built between AD 900 and 1130. However, at present only 25 are surviving. It is presumed that every Chandella ruler had built one temple.
126

Which is used to add text to MS PowerPoint slides?

  1. ((a))

    text box

  2. ((b))

    note box

  3. ((c))

    text layer

  4. ((d))

    comment box

Show Answer
Answer: ((a))

text box

The correct answer is  "Text Box" .

key points

  • Text Box: In PowerPoint, text box  is referred to as  a graphical object where the user can insert text and move the text box anywhere in the presentation as per the requirement .
  • Note Box: The   main use of note box is to keep the notes of the speaker . This will help the speaker remember what to say when presenting a PowerPoint show. With the presenter's view, only the speaker can see the notes. The audience will see the slide.
  • Text Layer: The text layer in PowerPoint presentations helps the user to beautify the presentation by adding or inserting  images , bulleted lists, transitions, animations, charts, videos, etc.
  • Comment Box:  The main function of the comment box is to give feedback about the presentation.

Thus the correct answer is "text box" .

Additional Information

  • In PowerPoint presentations, shapes are used to enhance the presentation.
  • Smart Art is a graphic used to smoothly build up a range of content in PowerPoint.
  • If a presentation consisting of text and numbers has a lot of content to show, a table is the best choice.
  • Bullets are used to write the content in a point- wise manner .
127

What are the forms of editing restrictions and protections that are made available with MS Word (ver. 2010)?

  1. ((a))

    Restricted editing of a portion or section of the document

  2. ((b))

    Blocking specific users from editing the document

  3. ((c))

    Password protection of the document

  4. ((d))

    All of the above

Show Answer
Answer: ((d))

All of the above

The correct answer is "All of the above".

Key Points

  • MS Word (ver. 2010) has introduced new features on editing restrictions and protections the documents. These are listed below:
  • The editing functions of a document are disabled in Protected View. It is also restricting the editing of a portion or section of the document.
  • To make a document more secure, it provides password protection of the document.
  • The new feature of MS Word 2010, helps to block unwanted users from editing the documents.

Thus the correct answer is "All of the above".

Additional Information

  • The leading creators of MS Word software are Charles Simonyi and Richard Brodie, launched in 1983 under Microsoft corporation.
  • Microsoft word is recognised as a word processor software which means that a user can rewrite, erase or modify a document as per the requirement.
  • MS Word creates reports, stories, letters, resumes, etc.
  • The file extension used in Ms Word 2010 is .docx.
128

The part of machine level instruction, which tells the central processor what has to be done, is ______.

  1. ((a))

    Operation code

  2. ((b))

    Address

  3. ((c))

    Locator

  4. ((d))

    Flip-Flop

Show Answer
Answer: ((a))

Operation code

The correct answer is "Operation code".

Key Points

  • The operation codes are also known as numeric codes.
  • It holds the instructions that represent the actual operation to be performed by the CPU.
  • The operation code is also responsible for selecting the type of operation (such as ‘add’ or ‘jump’) to be performed by the CPU.

Thus the correct answer is "Operation code".

Additional Information

  • The computer is a digital computing system designed to perform all kinds of arithmetic and logical operation.
  • The computer receives input either from the user or the data stored in the memory, processes it and produces the desired output.
  • The output of the processed data is displayed at the respective output devices.
129

What type of computer supports hundreds of users at any given time?

  1. ((a))

    Mainframe Computer

  2. ((b))

    Mini Computer

  3. ((c))

    Micro Computer

  4. ((d))

    None of the Above

Show Answer
Answer: ((a))

Mainframe Computer

The correct answer is "Mainframe Computer".

Key Points

  • Mainframe systems are referred to as high-performance computers.
  • Mainframe computers are having huge amounts of memory.
  • The processors of mainframe computers are designed in such a way that they can process billions of calculations without generating errors and in very less time.
  • The mainframe computer supports hundreds of users at any given time.
  • The mainframe computers are not meant for commercial databases or transaction servers because those require high resiliency and security.
  • It is mainly used in large organizations for mission-critical applications requiring high volumes of data processing.

Thus the correct answer is "Mainframe Computer".

Additional Information

  • Mini Computer: A minicomputer is a digital device. The minicomputer supports many features or operations like large computers. The size of the minicomputer is smaller than the microcomputer. For example, palmtop computers
  • Micro Computer: Microcomputer is also referred to as a personal computer. Microcomputers can be used by one user at a time. It is programmed for performing several tasks at a time. Laptops, desktops are examples of micro computers.
130

In MS Word, “Ctrl + Right Arrow" is used to

  1. ((a))

    Moves the cursor one word right

  2. ((b))

    Moves the cursor end of the line

  3. ((c))

    Moves the cursor end of the document

  4. ((d))

    Moves the cursor one Paragraph down

Show Answer
Answer: ((a))

Moves the cursor one word right

The correct answer is "Moves the cursor one word right".

Key Points

  • Microsoft word is recognised as a word processing software, meaning a user can rewrite, erase or modify a document as per the requirement.
  • In MS Word, "Ctrl + Right Arrow" is used to move the cursor one word right.

Thus the correct answer is "Moves the cursor one word right".

Additional Information

The leading creators of MS Word software are Charles Simonyi and Richard Brodie, launched in 1983 under Microsoft corporation.

Other few common keyboard shortcuts used in MS Word are given below:

  • Ctrl + Left Arrow: Moves the cursor one word left.
  • Ctrl + L: Moves the paragraph to the left margin.
  • Ctrl + R: Moves the paragraph to the right margin.
  • Ctrl + E: Moves the paragraph to the centre margin.
  • Ctrl + J: Set the paragraph to justify mode.
131

Which of the following are not MS PowerPoint views?

  1. ((a))

    Page view

  2. ((b))

    Print view

  3. ((c))

    Normal view

  4. ((d))

    Outline view

Show Answer
Answer: ((a))

Page view

The correct answer is a "Page view".

Key Points

  • Normal view: By default PowerPoint uses Normal view mode. The user uses normal view mode to create and edit or modify slides.
  • Outline view: The Outline view is similar to the normal view tab except it displays the text of the slide in outline form.
  • Print view: The print view of the PowerPoint helps the user to print slides with multiple options.
  • There is no such option or view mode like page view in MS PowerPoint.

Thus the correct answer is a "Page view".

Additional Information

  • Slide sorter view: Slide Sorter view places the slides in thumbnail view. It will help the user to sort and arrange the sequence of slides for presentations.
  • Reading view: In this view option, the presentation is set to full-screen mode. In this mode, the user can read the slide only. The user cannot modify the slide in the reading view.
132

In MS Word 2007, which enables us to send the same letter to different persons?

  1. ((a))

    Macros

  2. ((b))

    Template

  3. ((c))

    Mail merge

  4. ((d))

    None of the above

Show Answer
Answer: ((c))

Mail merge

The correct answer is "Mail Merge".

Key Points

  • Mail Merge: In MS Word, a unique feature lets the user helps to create a batch of documents that are personalized for each recipient. This unique feature is known as a mail merge.
  • In mail merge, the main document, the source of data and the document to be merged are referred to as the three important parts.
  • The main document of the mail merge consists of text, images, information or instructions etc.
  • The source of data holds the recipients' information which is going to be attached one by one to the main document.
  • After merging the whole data, the merged mail is ready to be sent.

Thus the correct answer is "Mail Merge".

Additional Information

  • The leading creators of MS Word software are Charles Simonyi and Richard Brodie, launched in 1983 under Microsoft corporation.
  • Microsoft word is recognised as a word processing software which means that a user can rewrite, erase or modify a document as per the requirement.
  • The documents created in MS Word are very high in quality. MS Word creates reports, stories, letters, resumes etc.
  • It allows users to edit or modify the new or existing document with colour or any other formats like bold, italic and underline.
  • In MS Word, the users can write the stories in paragraph format.
  • The file extension used in MS Word is .doc or .docx.
133

While working with MS-DOS which command transfers a specific file from one disk to another?

  1. ((a))

    Copy

  2. ((b))

    Diskcopy

  3. ((c))

    Time

  4. ((d))

    Rename

Show Answer
Answer: ((a))

Copy

The correct answer is "Copy".

Key Points

  • Copy: In MS-DOS, the COPY command transfers a specific file from one disk to another. The syntax of COPY command is given below:

COPY [/Y|-Y] [/A][/B] [d:][path_name]file_name [/A][/B] [d:][path_name][file_name] [/V]

  • The COPY command is also used for creating the new file.

Thus the correct answer is "Copy".

Additional Information

  • DISKCOPY: In MS-DOS, the DISKCOPY command is used for inserting the source disk as well as the destination disks.
  • TIME: The TIME command in MS-DOS helps the user to enter the time to the program.
134

The Internet was originally a project of which agency?

  1. ((a))

    ARPA

  2. ((b))

    NSF

  3. ((c))

    NSA

  4. ((d))

    None of these

Show Answer
Answer: ((a))

ARPA

The correct answer is "ARPA".

Key Points

  • At the very beginning, the Internet was known as ARPANET, which stands for Advanced Research Projects Agency Network.
  • This was presupposed to be a communications system for the accumulation of the defence of the USA - a network that might conjointly survive a nuclear attack.
  • The Internet was developed by Bob Kahn and Vint Cerf in the year 1970. They began the planning of what we tend to these days grasp because of the ‘Internet’.
  • It eventually became a fortunate nationwide experimental packet network.

Thus the correct answer is "ARPA".

135

In MS-Excel 2007, How do you select an entire column?

  1. ((a))

    Select Edit > Select > Column from the menu

  2. ((b))

    Click the column heading letter

  3. ((c))

    Hold down the shift key as you click anywhere in the column.

  4. ((d))

    Hold down the Ctrl key as you click anywhere in the column

Show Answer
Answer: ((b))

Click the column heading letter

The correct answer is "Click the column heading letter".

Key Points

  • In MS Excel, rows are named with numbers (e.g. 1, 2, 3 and so on) and columns are named with letters( e.g. A, B, C, D and so on).
  • So, to select an entire column in MS excel, the user needs to click on the column heading letter.
  • For example, if the user wants to select the entire first column which is named "A" in MS Excel, then the user needs to click the column heading letter which is "A".
  • The keyboard shortcut for selecting an entire column is CTRL + SPACEBAR. The user needs to click the column first and then press the CTRL + SPACEBAR together.

Thus the correct answer is "Click the column heading letter".

136

In Linux, what command is used with vi editor to delete a single character under the cursor?

  1. ((a))

    x

  2. ((b))

    y

  3. ((c))

    a

  4. ((d))

    z

Show Answer
Answer: ((a))

x

The correct answer is "x".

<br>

Key Points

  • x command: The "x command" is used with the vi editor to delete a single character under the cursor.
  • y command: The "y command" is used with the vi editor to prompt the automatic yes in the commander.
  • z flag: In Linux, the z flag raises a ticket when it found that the string is empty.

Thus the correct answer is "x".

Additional Information

  • Linux is a good example of an open-source operating system invented by Linus Torvalds in the year 1991.
  • Like any other kind of operating system, Linux also builds communication between the hardware and the software.
  • It comes with both Graphical User Interface and Command Line Interface. It is a very secure operating system.
137

How long is an IPv6 address?

  1. ((a))

    32 bits

  2. ((b))

    128 bytes

  3. ((c))

    64 bits

  4. ((d))

    128 bits

Show Answer
Answer: ((d))

128 bits

The correct answer is "128 bits"

Key Points

  • The full form of IPv6 is Internet Protocol Version 6.
  • The IPv6 is referred to as a numeric label.
  • It is mainly used for recognising and locating a network interface of a computer.
  • The packet header of IPv6 holds the IP addresses which is used for identifying the source and the destination of each packet.
  • IPv6 is known as the successor to the Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4). The IPv4 was the first addressing infrastructure of the Internet.
  • The value of the IP address of IPv4 is 32-bit whereas the value of the IP address of IPv6 is 128 bits

Thus the correct answer is "128 bits".

138

In Excel 2007, Text formulas ______.

  1. ((a))

    Replace cell references

  2. ((b))

    Return ASCII values of characters

  3. ((c))

    Concatenate and manipulate text

  4. ((d))

    Formulas display error values.

Show Answer
Answer: ((c))

Concatenate and manipulate text

The correct answer is "Concatenate and manipulate text".

Key Points

  • TEXT() function: In MS Excel, the TEXT() function is used for concatenating and manipulating text. The TEXT() function can convert a numeric digit to text but it is in a number format.
  • The syntax of TEXT() function is given below:

=TEXT(numeric_digit, format_of_text)

  • For example, let's take the number "100" and the text format is "". So,theoutputwillbe "". So, the output will be "100". But the output will be in a number format.

Thus the correct answer is "Concatenate and manipulate text".

139

In MS-DOS, which command divides the surface of the blank disk into sectors and assign a unique address to each one?

  1. ((a))

    Ver

  2. ((b))

    Format

  3. ((c))

    Fat

  4. ((d))

    Chkdsk

Show Answer
Answer: ((b))

Format

The correct answer is "Format".

Key Points

  • Disk Operating System (DOS) is a command-based operating system that runs from the disk drive of the computer system.
  • In DOS, the programmers used to write the commands to control, access, and manage the hardware parts of a computing system.
  • ver command: To display the version number of the current operating system, the ver command is used in MS-DOS.
  • format command: The format command divides the surface of the blank disk into sectors and assigns a unique address to each one.
  • chkdsk command: In MS_DOS, the disk space is examined by using the chkdsk command.

​Thus the correct answer is "Format".

Additional Information

  • The advantages of DOS are given below-
  • The DOS uses command-based programming which can be easily accessible to the hardware.
  • DOS can boot faster than any other operating system.
  • It is a very lightweight software.
  • The disadvantages of DOS are-
  • ​The DOS is very difficult to use for the non-programmer as it is not using the Graphical User Interface (GUI).
  • Very less amount of applications are supported in this operating system.
  • Multitasking cannot be accomplished by the DOS.
140

In MS Word, AutoCorrect was originally designed to replace ______ words as you type.

  1. ((a))

    Short, repetitive

  2. ((b))

    Grammatically incorrect

  3. ((c))

    Misspelled

  4. ((d))

    None of the above

Show Answer
Answer: ((c))

Misspelled

The correct answer is "Misspelled".

Key Points

  • MS Word, the word processing software, has features like an in-built dictionary. If anything is written wrong or misspelt by the user in the word document, AutoCorrect mode will replace the misspelt words.

Thus the correct answer is "Misspelled".

Additional Information

  • The leading creators of MS Word software are Charles Simonyi and Richard Brodie, launched in 1983 under Microsoft corporation.
  • Microsoft word is recognised as a word processor software which means that a user can rewrite, erase or modify a document as per the requirement.
  • The documents created in MS Word are very high in quality. MS Word creates reports, stories, letters, resumes, etc.
  • It allows users to edit or modify the new or existing document with colour or any other formats like bold, italic and underline.
  • In MS Word, the users can write the stories in paragraph format.
  • The file extension used in Ms Word is .doc or .docx.
141

What should you type into a cell in MS Excel (all versions) to invoke a function list?

  1. ((a))
  2. ((b))

    &

  3. ((c))

  4. ((d))

    =

Show Answer
Answer: ((d))

=

The correct answer is "=".

Key Points

  • The operators are used in MS Excel, to perform some tasks. Some examples are given below:
  • "&": The ampersand (&) operator in MS Excel is also known as a concatenate operator. This operator is used for joining two or more text strings together.
  • "#": The "#" operator is used to keep all the entries in the cell by instructing the cell reference.
  • "=" : The "=" operator is helped to type into a cell in MS Excel (all versions) to invoke a function list.

Thus the correct answer is "=".

142

In Linux, what command is used to remove the directory ?

  1. ((a))

    Rdir

  2. ((b))

    Remove

  3. ((c))

    rd

  4. ((d))

    Rmdir

Show Answer
Answer: ((d))

Rmdir

The correct answer is "rmdir".

Key Points

  • rmdir command: The main job of the rmdir command is to remove the directories which are empty, from the Linux filesystem.
  • The syntax for the rmdir command is given below.

Syntax:

rmdir [-p] [-v | –verbose] [–ignore-fail-on-non-empty] directories

  • Here, the rmdir -p argument is referred to as a pathname.
  • rmdir -v, –verbose: After processing the directories, it will display verbose information on it.
  • rmdir –ignore-fail-on-non-empty: This message generates the report on empty directories otherwise it will not generate any report of a failure.
  • rmdir –version: The version information is displayed and exits afterwards.

 Thus the correct answer is "rmdir".

143

What are the two required attributes of HTML <img> tag?

  1. ((a))

    src and alt

  2. ((b))

    alt and mark

  3. ((c))

    canvas and src

  4. ((d))

    caption and src

Show Answer
Answer: ((a))

src and alt

The correct answer is "src and alt".

Key Points

  • To embed the image in the HTML page, the <img> tag is used.
  • Images are usually attached with a link to the web page.
  • The <img> tag generates space for storing the reference of the image which is used for the website.
  • There are two attributes used with <img> tag:
  • src - src is used to specify the image's path.
  • alt - alt or alternate attribute used for alternating the text for the respective image.

Thus the correct answer is "src and alt".

144

Which of the following is an example of a real time operating system?

  1. ((a))

    Lynx

  2. ((b))

    Novell NetWare

  3. ((c))

    Microsoft Windows Server 2008

  4. ((d))

    XP Embedded

Show Answer
Answer: ((a))

Lynx

The correct answer is Lynx

Key Points

1. Lynx

Lynx is a real-time operating system used in embedded systems and applications requiring precise timing and reliability.

It is specifically designed for real-time tasks, making it a valid example of an RTOS.

2. Novell NetWare

Novell NetWare is a network operating system designed for managing and sharing resources in a network environment.

It is not a real-time operating system, as it does not prioritize strict timing constraints.

3. Microsoft Windows Server 2008

Windows Server 2008 is a general-purpose server operating system designed for managing servers and network services.

It is not a real-time operating system, as it does not guarantee strict timing for task execution.

4. XP Embedded

Windows XP Embedded is a modular version of Windows XP designed for embedded systems.

While it can be used in some real-time applications, it is not a true real-time operating system because it does not guarantee deterministic timing.

Therefore ,Option 1) Lynx is the correct answer because it is a true real-time operating system designed for applications requiring precise timing and reliability.

145

What flavor of Network Address Translation can be used to have one registered IP address which allows unregistered IP addresses to connect to the global Internet?

  1. ((a))

    Basic NAT

  2. ((b))

    Static NAT

  3. ((c))

    Dynamic NAT

  4. ((d))

    Port Address Translation (PAT)

Show Answer
Answer: ((d))

Port Address Translation (PAT)

The correct answer is "Port Address Translation(PAT)".

Key Points

  • To pierce the Internet, one public IP address is demanded, but we can use a private IP address in our private network.
  • The idea of NAT is to allow multiple biases to pierce the Internet through a single public address. To achieve this, the restatement of a private IP address to a public IP address is needed.
  • Network Address restatement( NAT) is a process in which one or further original IP address is restated into one or further Global IP address and vice versa in order to give Internet access to the original hosts.
  • It also makes the corresponding entries of IP address and port number in the NAT table. NAT generally operates on a router or firewall.
  • The extension of Network Address Translation (NAT) is Port Address Translation (PAT). It allows multiple devices on a LAN to have one registered IP address which allows unregistered IP addresses to connect to the global Internet.

 Thus the correct answer is "Port Address Translation(PAT)".

146

In MS-Excel 2007, which of the following is not a way to complete a cell entry ?

  1. ((a))

    Pressing enter

  2. ((b))

    Pressing any arrow key on the keyboard

  3. ((c))

    Clicking the Enter button on the Formula bar

  4. ((d))

    Pressing spacebar

Show Answer
Answer: ((d))

Pressing spacebar

The correct answer is "Pressing the spacebar".

Key Points

  • In MS Excel, rows are named with numbers (e.g. 1, 2, 3 and so on**)** and columns are named with letters( e.g. A, B, C, D and so on**)**.
  • To enter data in MS excel, the user needs to
  • Press the enter key.
  • Clicking the Enter button on the Formula bar.
147

The uses of <mark> tag is in HTML5 ______.

  1. ((a))

    To display movies in the page.

  2. ((b))

    To highlight parts of the text.

  3. ((c))

    To underline parts of the text.

  4. ((d))

    To display graphics in the page

Show Answer
Answer: ((b))

To highlight parts of the text.

The correct answer is "To highlight parts of the text".

Key Points

  • <mark> tag: In HTML, the <mark> tag is used to highlight the parts of the selected text.
  • The syntax for <mark> tag is given below:

mark {

  background-colour: blue;

  color: white;

}

<mark> Text required </mark>

148

Which of the followings is true regarding the <caption>tag?

  1. ((a))

    It defines a caption for table.

  2. ((b))

    It can specify only one caption per table.

  3. ((c))

    It must be inserted immediately after the <table>tag.

  4. ((d))

    All of the above

Show Answer
Answer: ((d))

All of the above

The correct answer is "All of the above".

Key Points

  • The <caption> tag in HTML is used for defining the caption for the table.
  • This <caption> tag specifies only one caption per table.
  • It must be inserted immediately after the <table>tag.
  • The <caption> tag is compatible with many browsers like Google Chrome, Opera, Safari, Mozilla Firefox and so on.
  • The syntax for <caption> tag is given below:
<table><br>

  <caption style="text-align:right">Student's name</caption>

  <tr>

// Body of the code

</tr><br> </table>
149

What is the first stage in software development?

  1. ((a))

    Maintenance

  2. ((b))

    Testing

  3. ((c))

    Specification and Design

  4. ((d))

    System Analysis

Show Answer
Answer: ((d))

System Analysis

The correct answer is "System Analysis".

Key Points

The basic SDLC model is having six stages. These are System Analysis, Defining, Designing, Building, Testing and Deployment.

  • At the very first stage, the system analysis is done for the beginning of the software development. This phase collects the requirements for the software and sets the groundwork for the projects
  • In the second stage, defining the software and documentation on software requirements are done.
  • In the third stage, designing the software model is done. In this stage, product architecture is completed and set for review before moving forward. All these are documented in Design Document Specification.
  • In the fourth stage, the building of software is done by the programmer of the organisation. Here programmers are using programming languages like C, C++, Java, PHP and so on as per the requirement of the project.
  • In the fifth stage, testing of the completed software is done.
  • In the last stage, deployment of the project to market is initiated. After testing, if there are no changes in the software, then it is uploaded to the market.

Additional Information

  • The full form of SDLC is Software Development and Life Cycle.
  • To develop software, an organisation follows a process. This process is known as the Software Development and Life Cycle or SDLC model.
  • The SDLC model provides a detailed plan for developing software. Afterwards, steps to maintain, replace and modify options to enhance the software.
  • It also provides the methodology for how to improve the quality of software.
150

What are two purposes for segmentation with a bridge?

  1. To add more broadcast domains.
  2. To create more collision domains.
  3. To add more bandwidth for users.
  4. To allow more broadcasts for users.
  1. ((a))

    1 only

  2. ((b))

    2 and 3

  3. ((c))

    2 and 4

  4. ((d))

    4 only

Show Answer
Answer: ((b))

2 and 3

The correct answer is "2 and 3".

Key Points

  • A bridge is responsible for connecting several LANs together and giving further bandwidth to the user.
  • The bridges also reduce collisions by making lower collision disciplines.
  • The bridges operate on the Data Link subcaste and they stoutly make a forwarding table, which is a table of information that contains the learned MAC addresses and their corresponding harborage information grounded on the source address the device learned from incoming data frames.
  • A ground uses the destination address in a frame to make a forwarding decision.
  • One disadvantage of using a ground is its incapability to filter broadcasts; as a result, it sends the broadcast on all the parts.
  • Sometimes, broadcasts use up all or a maturity of the available bandwidth, a situation appertained to as a broadcast storm.
151

If the following two squares shown below overlap, which one of the following options is formed?

 

  1. ((a))

  2. ((b))

  3. ((c))

  4. ((d))

Show Answer
Answer: ((d))

The logic followed here is:

The overlapping image of two squares is shown below-

Here, the image at the left is getting overlapped with the right one, It means the figure is transparent and put over the first one or vice-versa.

Therefore, the right answer is 

.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (4)"

152

The LCM of 3p, 6p, and 9p is :

  1. ((a))

    19

  2. ((b))

    19P

  3. ((c))

    18

  4. ((d))

    18P

Show Answer
Answer: ((d))

18P

Shortcut Trick

Identify the numerical coefficients of the terms: 3, 6, and 9.

The LCM of (3, 6, 9) is 18, as it is the smallest number divisible by all three.

Identify the variable part in the terms: p, p, and p.

The LCM of (p, p, p) is p (highest power of p present).

Multiply the numerical LCM and the variable LCM: 18 × p = 18p.

∴ The correct answer is 18P.

Alternate Method

Given: Three algebraic terms 3p, 6p, and 9p.

To find the LCM of algebraic terms, we take the LCM of the numerical coefficients and the highest power of each variable.

⇒ Prime factorization of coefficients:

⇒ 3 = 31

⇒ 6 = 21 × 31

⇒ 9 = 32

⇒ Numerical LCM = 21 × 32 = 2 × 9 = 18

⇒ Variable part = LCM(p, p, p) = p1 = p

⇒ Total LCM = 18 × p = 18p

∴ The correct answer is 18P.

Additional Information

LCM of Algebraic Expressions

The LCM is the product of the LCM of numerical coefficients and the highest powers of all variable factors present in the expressions.

HCF of Algebraic Expressions

The HCF is the product of the HCF of numerical coefficients and the lowest powers of the common variable factors. For 3p, 6p, and 9p, the HCF would be 3p.

Relation between LCM and HCF

For any two numbers or expressions A and B, A × B = LCM(A, B) × HCF(A, B). This rule only applies to exactly two terms.

153

There would be a 10% loss, if a toy is sold at Rs. 10.80 per piece. At what price should it be sold to earn a profit of 20%?

  1. ((a))

    Rs. 12.00

  2. ((b))

    Rs. 12.96

  3. ((c))

    Rs. 14.40

  4. ((d))

    Rs. 13.20

Show Answer
Answer: ((c))

Rs. 14.40

Given:

Loss = 10%,

Selling Price = Rs. 10.80

Profit = 20%

Concept used:

Selling Price = Cost Price + (Profit x Cost Price) / 100%

Loss = (Cost Price - Selling Price) / Cost Price x 100%

Calculation:

Let's assume that the cost price of the toy is m.

Loss = (Cost Price - Selling Price) / Cost Price x 100%

⇒ 10% = (m10.80)m \dfrac{(m - 10.80)}{m}  x 100%

⇒ m = 10m - 108

⇒ 9m = 108

⇒ m = 12

To earn a profit of 20%, the selling price should be:

⇒ Selling Price = 12 + (20% x 12)

⇒ Selling Price = 12 + 2.4

⇒ 14.4

∴ To earn a profit of 20%, the toy should be sold at Rs. 14.4.

154

If the speed of a boat in still water is 20 m / s, and speed of the current is 10 m / s, then what is the time taken by the boat to travel a distance of 6 km upstream ?

  1. ((a))

    5 min

  2. ((b))

    10 min

  3. ((c))

    15 min

  4. ((d))

    20 min

Show Answer
Answer: ((b))

10 min

Shortcut Trick

Upstream speed = Speed of boat − Speed of current = 20 − 10 = 10 m/s.

Total distance = 6 km = 6000 m.

Time taken = Distance ÷ Upstream speed = 6000 ÷ 10 = 600 seconds.

Converting to minutes: 600 ÷ 60 = 10 min.

∴ The correct answer is 10 min.

Alternate Method

Given:

Speed of boat in still water (u) = 20 m/s

Speed of the current (v) = 10 m/s

Total distance (D) = 6 km

Formula Used:

Upstream Speed (Sup) = u − v

Time (T) = Distance (D) ÷ Speed (S)

Calculations:

⇒ Convert distance from km to m: 6 km = 6 × 1000 = 6000 m

Upstream speed = Speed of boat − Speed of current

⇒ Upstream speed = 20 − 10 = 10 m/s

Time taken (in seconds) = Distance ÷ Upstream speed

⇒ Time = 6000 ÷ 10 = 600 seconds

Time taken (in minutes) = 600 ÷ 60 = 10 min

∴ The correct answer is 10 min.

Additional Information

Downstream Speed

When the boat travels in the same direction as the current, the effective speed is the sum of both: Sdown = u + v.

Still Water Speed Calculation

If downstream speed (D) and upstream speed (U) are known, boat speed in still water u = (D + U) ÷ 2.

Speed of Stream Calculation

If downstream speed (D) and upstream speed (U) are known, speed of the current v = (D − U) ÷ 2.

Unit Conversion

To convert m/s to km/h, multiply by 18/5. To convert km/h to m/s, multiply by 5/18.

155

If 2346 is coded ALUR and 15789 is coded EGKPT, then how is 23549 coded ?

  1. ((a))

    EPALR

  2. ((b))

    AGULT

  3. ((c))

    KLUPR

  4. ((d))

    ALGUT

Show Answer
Answer: ((d))

ALGUT

The logic followed here is:

Given, 2346 is coded ALUR

15789 is coded EGKPT

Similarly, "use the place code of above number" 23549 coded as 

Therefore, the code for 23549 is 'ALGUT'.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (4)".

156

In the sequence shown below, which figure comes next?

  1. ((a))

  2. ((b))

  3. ((c))

  4. ((d))

Show Answer
Answer: ((c))

The logic followed here is:

The shaded portion shifts its singlet position in the forward direction and the point in the backward direction.

  Therefore, the next figure is 

.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (3)".

157

The series given below contains a sequence of alphabets and numbers. Identify the incorrect combination:

i. b45t6y7ui7i          ii. b45t6y7u7i        iii. b45t6y7u7i          iv. b45t6y7u7i

  1. ((a))

    i

  2. ((b))

    ii

  3. ((c))

    iii

  4. ((d))

    iv

Show Answer
Answer: ((a))

i

The logic followed here is:

By checking all options:

(i).b45t6y7ui7i
(ii).b45t6y7u7i
(iii).b45t6y7u7i
(iv).b45t6y7u7i

As we observed from the sequence  (ii, iii, and iv) contain 10 characters in the same sequence, but (i) (b45t6y7ui7i) has 11 characters, and one character 'i' is extra.

Therefore, the 'Option (1)' is the incorrect series.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (1)".

158

If Ashwin finds that he is the twentieth person from the left in a line of boys and the tenth from the right, then how many boys should be added to the line such that there are 50 boys in the line?

  1. ((a))

    20

  2. ((b))

    21

  3. ((c))

    22

  4. ((d))

    23

Show Answer
Answer: ((b))

21

The logic followed here is:

  • Ashwin finds he is the 20th person from the left in a line of boys.
  • Also 10th from the right.

On combining the statements, we get

Total boy in the line = Ashwin rank from the left + Ashwin rank from the left - 1

= 20 + 10 - 1

= 29

If required the total number of boys in a line is 50;

Then add numbers of boys = 50 – 29 = 21

Therefore, '21' boys should be added to the line such that there are 50 boys in the line.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (2)".

159

Among the following options, which is the greatest in value?

  1. ((a))

    62%

  2. ((b))

    0.618

  3. ((c))

    621 / 1001

  4. ((d))

    619 / 999

Show Answer
Answer: ((c))

621 / 1001

Given:

Options = 62%, 0.618, 621 / 1001, 619 / 999

Calculation:

⇒ 62% = 0.62

⇒ 0.618

⇒ 621 / 1001 = 0.62037962

⇒ 619/999 = 0.61961962

⇒ 0.618 < 0.61961962 < 0.62 < 0.62037962

∴ The greatest value among the given options is 621 / 1001.

160

A lamp post has half of its length in mud, 13\frac{1}{3}rd of its length in water and the remaining of 313\frac{1}{3} m above the water. find the whole length of the post.

  1. ((a))

    40

  2. ((b))

    30

  3. ((c))

    20

  4. ((d))

    10

Show Answer
Answer: ((c))

20

Shortcut Trick

Let the total length of the lamp post be LCM(2, 3) = 6 units.

Length in mud = 1/2 × 6 = 3 units.

Length in water = 1/3 × 6 = 2 units.

Remaining length above water = 6 − (3 + 2) = 1 unit.

Given, 1 unit = 3 1/3 m = 10/3 m.

Total length = 6 units = 6 × (10/3) = 20 m.

∴ The correct answer is 20 m.

Alternate Method

Given:

Portion in mud = 1/2

Portion in water = 1/3

Portion above water = 3 1/3 m = 10/3 m

Let the total length of the lamp post be L.

⇒ Portion below water level = 1/2 + 1/3

⇒ Portion below water level = (3 + 2) / 6 = 5/6

⇒ Portion above water level = 1 − 5/6 = 1/6

⇒ 1/6 × L = 10/3 m

⇒ L = (10/3) × 6

⇒ L = 10 × 2

⇒ L = 20 m

∴ The correct answer is 20 m.

Additional Information

Fractional Parts Rule

The sum of all fractional parts of a whole must always equal 1. If parts are a/b and c/d, the remaining part is 1 − (a/b + c/d).

LCM Method for Fractions

To avoid complex calculations with fractions, assume the total quantity to be the Least Common Multiple (LCM) of the denominators involved.

Unitary Method Application

If a specific fraction represents a known value (e.g., 1/6 = 10/3), the whole value (1 unit) is calculated by multiplying the known value by the reciprocal of that fraction.

161

If 'Cal flar blum' means 'flowers smell sweet', 'Bran Cal nift' means 'bouquet of flowers', the meaning of which code can be inferred with certainty?

  1. ((a))

    Bran

  2. ((b))

    Flar

  3. ((c))

    Blum

  4. ((d))

    Cal

Show Answer
Answer: ((d))

Cal

The logic followed here is:

Therefore, only 'Cal' code is can be inferred with certainty.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (4)".

162

Complete the series choosing the missing number:

1, 5, 17, 53, ______

  1. ((a))

    165

  2. ((b))

    161

  3. ((c))

    159

  4. ((d))

    147

Show Answer
Answer: ((b))

161

The logic followed here is:

Given series is 1, 5, 17, 53, ______

Therefore, the missing number is "161".

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (2)".

163

Which of the following can be formed from all the alphabets of the word 'Supply chain'?

  1. ((a))

    China Supply

  2. ((b))

    Lynch Pulse

  3. ((c))

    Play Inch Up

  4. ((d))

    Alps In China

Show Answer
Answer: ((a))

China Supply

The logic followed here is:

Given word 'Supply chain'

Option (1): China Supply → Supply chain → can be formed.

Option (2): Lynch Pulse →  Supply chain → 'e' is not present, it can not be formed.

Option (3): Play Inch Up → Supply chain → Here 'S' is not used . We have to use all the letters in given word. Hence it can not be formed.

Option (4): Alps In China → Supply chain → 'i, n and a' are not present, it can not be formed

Therefore, using all words only 'China Supply' can be formed. 

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (1)".

164

How many three digit numbers are divisible by 5?

  1. ((a))

    10

  2. ((b))

    100

  3. ((c))

    175

  4. ((d))

    180

Show Answer
Answer: ((d))

180

Given:

d = 5

Concept used: 

The divisibility rule of 5 states that a number is divisible by 5 if its last digit is either 0 or 5.

an = a + (n - 1)d

Calculation:

The smallest 3 digit number divisible by 5 is 100.

The largest 3 digit number divisible by 5 is 995

⇒ an = 995

d = 5

a = 100

⇒ 995 = 100 + (n - 1)5

⇒ 5n - 5 = 895

⇒ 5n = 900

⇒ n = 180

∴ 180 three digit numbers are divisible by 5.

165

Complete the series choosing the missing letters:

AEC, BFD, CGE, DHF, ______

  1. ((a))

    FHG

  2. ((b))

    RGH

  3. ((c))

    EIG

  4. ((d))

    EGI

Show Answer
Answer: ((c))

EIG

The table shows the place value of the alphabet from A to Z and Z to A.

The logic followed here is:

Given series is AEC, BFD, CGE, DHF, ___

Therefore, the missing letters are "EIG".

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (3)"

166

Three different containers contain 130 l, 442 l and 234 l of milk respectively. What biggest measure can be used to measure all the containers exactly?

  1. ((a))

    26 l

  2. ((b))

    17 l

  3. ((c))

    13 l

  4. ((d))

    11 l

Show Answer
Answer: ((a))

26 l

Given:

Three different containers contain 130 l, 442 l and 234 l of milk respectively.

Concept used: 

HCF = Highest Common Factor

HCF of two or more numbers is the largest number that can divide each of the numbers without leaving a remainder.

Calculation:

⇒ Factors(130) = 2 x 5 x 13

⇒ Factors(442) = 2 x 13 x 17

⇒ Factors(234) = 2 x 3 x 3 x 5 x 13

⇒ HCF(130, 442, 234) = 2 x 13

⇒ 26

∴ 26L is the biggest measure can be used to measure all the containers exactly.

167

A stenographer typed 16,200 words on a given day. If she had typed for exactly 6 hours during the day, then what will be her average speed of typing?

  1. ((a))

    30 words per minute

  2. ((b))

    40 words per minute

  3. ((c))

    45 words per minute

  4. ((d))

    60 words per minute

Show Answer
Answer: ((c))

45 words per minute

Given:

A stenographer typed 16,200 words on a given day.

Concept used: 

Average = Sum of observation / Number of observations

Calculation:

⇒ 162006 \dfrac{16200}{6}

⇒ 2700 words per hour

⇒ 270060 \dfrac{2700}{60}

⇒ 45 words/minute

∴ Her average speed of typing is 45 words per minute.

168

A dairy farmer's can contains 6 litres of milk. His wife adds some water to it such that milk and water are in the ratio 4 ∶ 1. How many litres of milk should the farmer add so that the milk and water are in the ratio 5 ∶ 1?

  1. ((a))

    1.5

  2. ((b))

    1.2

  3. ((c))

    1.0

  4. ((d))

    1.8

Show Answer
Answer: ((a))

1.5

Given:

A dairy farmer's can contains 6 litres of milk.

His wife adds some water to it such that milk and water are in the ratio 4 ∶ 1.

Calculation:

Milk : Water = 4 : 1

Let the quantity of milk and water be 4x and x.

Quantity of Milk = 4x = 6 litres

⇒ x = 1.5 litres

Quantity of Water = x = 1.5 litres

According to the question,

6+x1.5\dfrac{6+x}{1.5} = 51\dfrac{5}{1}

⇒ 6 + x = 7.5

⇒ x = 7.5 - 6 = 1.5 litres

Alternate Method 

169

(95/5) × 2 - (16/2) × 5 - (17 × 2) + (80/4) = ?

  1. ((a))

    4

  2. ((b))

    8

  3. ((c))

    12

  4. ((d))

    -16

Show Answer
Answer: ((d))

-16

Given:

(95/5) × 2 - (16/2) × 5 - (17 × 2) + (80/4) 

Concept used: 

Follow the BODMAS rule according to the table given below:

Calculation:

⇒ (95/5) × 2 - (16/2) × 5 - (17 × 2) + (80/4) 

⇒ (19) × 2 - (8) × 5 - (17 × 2) + (20) 

⇒ 38 - 40 - 34 + 20

⇒ 58 - 74

⇒ - 16

∴ (95/5) × 2 - (16/2) × 5 - (17 × 2) + (80/4) = - 16

170

Find the odd one out :

  1. ((a))

    Water

  2. ((b))

    Paint

  3. ((c))

    Ink

  4. ((d))

    Brush

Show Answer
Answer: ((d))

Brush

The logic followed here is:

Option (1): Water  → This is a kind of liquid, used for drinking, cooking, etc.

Option (2): Paint → This is a kind of pigmented liquid, used for color and decoration, etc.

Option (3): Ink → This is a kind of gel liquid, used for writing or drawing with a pen, brush etc.

Option (4): Brush → This is a kind of solid, used for cleaning, grooming, polishing, writing, painting, etc.

Therefore, 'brush' is odd.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (4)".

171

The series given below contains a sequence of numbers. Identify the INCORRECT combination:

3, 7, 15, 30, 63

  1. ((a))

    7

  2. ((b))

    15

  3. ((c))

    63

  4. ((d))

    30

Show Answer
Answer: ((d))

30

The logic followed here is:

Given the sequence of numbers is 3, 7, 15, 30, 63

Therefore, the INCORRECT number is "30".

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (4)"

172

(828/4) × 3 - (8 × (6/24) × 10) + (105/35) - 15 = ?

  1. ((a))

    589

  2. ((b))

    569

  3. ((c))

    579

  4. ((d))

    549

Show Answer
Answer: ((a))

589

Given:

(828/4) × 3 - (8 × (6/24) × 10) + (105/35) - 15 

Concept used: 

Follow the BODMAS rule according to the table given below:

Calculation:

⇒ (828/4) × 3 - (8 × (6/24) × 10) + (105/35) - 15 

⇒ (207) × 3 - (8 × (1/4) × 10) + (3) - 15 

⇒ 207 × 3 - (2 × 10) + 3 - 15 

⇒ 621 - 20 + 3 - 15 

⇒ 621 - 17 - 15 

⇒ 621 - 32

⇒ 589

∴ (828/4) × 3 - (8 × (6/24) × 10) + (105/35) - 15 = 589

173

Today, the age of a father is thrice the age of his son. After 5 years, the age of father will be 2.5 times the age of his son. The age of son today is :

  1. ((a))

    20 years

  2. ((b))

    15 years

  3. ((c))

    18 years

  4. ((d))

    22 years

Show Answer
Answer: ((b))

15 years

Shortcut Trick

Ratio of Father to Son Today = 3 : 1 (Difference = 2 units)

Ratio after 5 years = 2.5 : 1 = 5 : 2 (Difference = 3 units)

To equate difference, multiply Today by 3 and Future by 2:

Today = 9 : 3 | After 5 years = 10 : 4

Growth of 1 unit = 5 years. Son age today = 3 units = 3 × 5 = 15 years.

∴ The correct option is B.

Alternate Method

Given:

Let Son age today = S years

Father age today = 3S years

After 5 years: Son = S + 5 | Father = 3S + 5

Present F = 3S S = S After 5 Yrs F + 5 = 2.5(S+5)

  • 5 years

Ratio change: 3:1 → 2.5:1

Calculation:

⇒ Fatherfuture = 2.5 × Sonfuture

⇒ 3S + 5 = 2.5(S + 5)

⇒ 3S + 5 = 2.5S + 12.5

⇒ 3S − 2.5S = 12.5 − 5

⇒ 0.5S = 7.5

⇒ S = 7.5 ÷ 0.5

⇒ S = 15 years

∴ The correct option is B.

Additional Information

Constant Age Difference

The difference between the ages of two persons always remains constant regardless of the number of years passed.

Ratio Balancing Method

If A:B is the current ratio and C:D is the ratio after n years, equate (B−A) and (D−C) by multiplying with suitable constants to find the value of 1 unit.

Ages n years ago

If current age is X, then age n years ago was (X − n) and age n years hence will be (X + n).

174

Gullu walked 18 meters to the south and then walked 25 meters to the west, then 28 meters to the east. Which direction is he facing now?

  1. ((a))

    East

  2. ((b))

    West

  3. ((c))

    North

  4. ((d))

    South

Show Answer
Answer: ((a))

East

The logic followed here is:

  • 18 meters to the south.
  • Then walked 25 meters to the west.
  • Then 28 meters to the east.

So, it is clear he faced in the 'East' direction.

Hence, the correct answer is"Option (1)".

175

If NAKED is coded 84123 and MISTAKE is coded 9765412, then how is INTIMATE coded ?

  1. ((a))

    77432165

  2. ((b))

    67688341

  3. ((c))

    78579452

  4. ((d))

    89687563

Show Answer
Answer: ((c))

78579452

The logic followed here is:

Given, NAKED is coded 84123

MISTAKE is coded 9765412

Similarly, "use the place code of above" then INTIMATE coded as 

Therefore, the code for INTIMATE is '78579452'.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (3)".

176

Which of the following skills is the most essential for a manager to bring out the best from the people under him?

  1. ((a))

    Human skill

  2. ((b))

    Technical skill

  3. ((c))

    Mechanical skill

  4. ((d))

    Conceptual skill

Show Answer
Answer: ((a))

Human skill

The correct answer is Human skill.

Key Points

Human skills are  the most essential for a manager to bring out the best from the people under him.

Primarily, there are three types of skills that are essential for a successful management process:

  • Technical skills
  • Conceptual skills
  • Human or interpersonal management skills

Important Points

Technical skills

  • Technical skills refer to the ability and knowledge in using the equipment, techniques, and procedure involved in performing a specific activity.
  • These skills require specialized knowledge and proficiency in the mechanics of a particular.
  • Technical skills are most important for first-level managers.

Conceptual skills

  • It involves knowledge or ability of a manager for more abstract thinking.
  • Manager can predict the future of the business or department as a whole.
  • These skills are vital for top managers, less critical for mid-level managers and not required for first-level managers.

Human or interpersonal managerial skills

  • These skills present a manager’s knowledge and ability to work with people.
  • These skills enable managers to become leaders and motivate employees for better accomplishments.
  • These are essential skills for all hierarchical levels in the company.
  • This is most essential for a manager to bring out the best from the people under him.
177

What skills enable a manager to motivate employees?

  1. ((a))

    Technical

  2. ((b))

    Marketing

  3. ((c))

    Interpersonal

  4. ((d))

    Sales

Show Answer
Answer: ((c))

Interpersonal

The correct answer is Interpersonal.

Key Points

Interpersonal skills enable a manager to motivate employees.

  • ​These are the skills that present the managers' ability to interact, work or relate effectively with people.
  • These skills enable the managers to make use of human potential in the company and motivate the employees for better results.
  • Primarily, there are three types of skills that are essential for a successful management process:
  • Technical skills
  • Conceptual skills
  • Human or interpersonal management skills

Important Points

Technical skills

  • Technical skills refer to the ability and knowledge in using the equipment, techniques, and procedure involved in performing a specific activity.
  • These skills require specialized knowledge and proficiency in the mechanics of a particular.
  • Technical skills are most important for first-level managers.

Conceptual skills

  • It involves knowledge or ability of a manager for more abstract thinking.
  • Manager can predict the future of the business or department as a whole.
  • These skills are vital for top managers, less critical for mid-level managers and not required for first-level managers.

Human or interpersonal managerial skills

  • These skills present a manager’s knowledge and ability to work with people.
  • These skills enable managers to become leaders and motivate employees for better accomplishments.
  • These are essential skills for all hierarchical levels in the company.
178

Which of the following do not fall under the category of systematic risk ?

  1. ((a))

    Market Risk

  2. ((b))

    Interest Rate risk.

  3. ((c))

    Purchasing power risk

  4. ((d))

    Financial risk

Show Answer
Answer: ((d))

Financial risk

The correct answer is Financial risk.

Key Points

Financial risk does not fall under the category of systematic risk.

  • ​It arises due to change in the capital structure of the organization.

​Systematic Risk

  • It is due to the influence of external factors on an organization.
  • It is a macro in nature as it affects a large number of organizations operating under a similar stream or same domain
  • It is also known as “undiversifiable risk".
  • All investments or securities are subject to systematic risk.
  • Types of Systematic Risk
  • Market risk
  • interest rate risk
  • Purchasing power risk
  • Exchange rate risk

Important Points

Unsystematic Risk

  • It k is due to the influence of internal factors prevailing within an organization.
  • It is also known as "diversifiable risk".
  • It is a micro in nature as it affects only a particular organization
  • It can be mitigated through diversification.

Types of Unsystematic Risk

  • Business or liquidity risk
  • Asset liquidity risk
  • Funding liquidity risk
  • Financial or credit risk
  • Exchange rate risk
  • Recovery rate risk
  • Sovereign risk
  • Settlement risk
  • Operational risk
  • Model risk
  • People risk
  • Legal risk
  • Political risk
179

Which of the following would be considered as 'Use of funds'?

  1. ((a))

    a decrease in accounts receivable

  2. ((b))

    a decrease in cash

  3. ((c))

    an increase in account payable

  4. ((d))

    an increase in cash

Show Answer
Answer: ((b))

a decrease in cash

The correct answer is a decrease  in cash.

Key Points

 A decrease in cash can be considered as a use of funds.

  • Sources and uses of funds are accounting terms that describe what a particular transaction is.
  • Most business financial transaction amounts refer to the source (where it came from) or use (where it went).
  • A source is an increase in the organization's resources and a use is the organization spending resources to accomplish its aims.
  • The sources and the uses must equal each other, and they must total the total purchase price plus transaction costs.
  • Sources of Funds
  • Increase in a Claims Item
  • Decrease in an Asset Item
  • Uses of Funds
  • Increase in an Asset Item
  • Decrease in a Claims Item

Important Points

  • Receipts or increases in cash can be considered sources of cash while spending or decreases of cash can be considered uses of cash.
  • Prominent uses of funds include the following-
  • Adjusting net loss from operations
  • Buying non-current assets
  • Repayment of short term debt (bank loans) or long-term debt (debentures or bonds)
  • Redemption of redeemable preference shares
  • Payment of cash dividends
180

Which of the following acts as a link between the top management and the employees?

  1. ((a))

    Human Resource Management

  2. ((b))

    Human Resource Executives

  3. ((c))

    Human Resource Planning

  4. ((d))

    Human Resource Information System

Show Answer
Answer: ((a))

Human Resource Management

The correct answer is Human Resource Management.

Key Points

The Human Resource Management acts as a link between the top management and the employees.

  • Human resource management (HRM) is the process of employing people, training them, compensating them, developing policies relating to them, and developing strategies to retain them.
  • It is a collective term for all the formal systems created to help in managing employees and other stakeholders within a company.
  • Top Management is a person or group of people who directs and controls an organization at the highest level.
  • They hold authority, resources and decision-making power regarding changes at the company.
  • It is the responsibility of the HR management to make sure that the orders of top management are being followed by the employees of the organisation.

Additional Information

 Some of the responsibilities of the Human Resource Manager of an organization-

  • Recruitment and selection new recruits
  • Tutoring and mentoring new and old recruits​
  • Training & Development whenever required
  • Supervising the employment of new employees
  • Employer-Employee Relations
  • Maintain Company Culture
  • Manage Employee Benefits
  • Create a Safe Work Environment
  • Handle Disciplinary Actions
181

Which of the following methods of departmentation facilitates tight control on top?

  1. ((a))

    By geography

  2. ((b))

    By customer group

  3. ((c))

    By enterprise function

  4. ((d))

    By product

Show Answer
Answer: ((c))

By enterprise function

The correct answer is By enterprise function.

Key Points

By enterprise function, departmentation facilitates tight control on top.

Departmentation by enterprise function is to group the activities being performed by different units along the lines of the function of the organisation.

  • Every enterprises aim at creating or producing something that is desirable by others.
  • It follows the principles of occupational specialization.
  • It also simplifies training.

The basic enterprise functions are-

  • Production
  • Selling
  • Financing

Additional Information 

Departmentation refers to the formal structure of the organisation, composed of various departments and managerial positions and their relationships to each other.

  • It refers to the horizontal differentiation in an organization.
  • It refers to the grouping of operating duties into jobs, the combining of jobs and mixing of companies into divisions called 'Departments'.
  • This way, it becomes easier and efficient for the top management to have control on various units.
182

Which of the following is an intangible asset?

  1. ((a))

    Technology

  2. ((b))

    Machinery

  3. ((c))

    Raw materials

  4. ((d))

    Capital

Show Answer
Answer: ((a))

Technology

The correct answer is Technology.

Key Points

 Technology is an intangible source.

  • The word intangible means that something which cannot be touched or seen whereas tangible means that something which can be seen or toucher.
  • Here, technology is something that you cannot touch with your bare hands whereas you can see and feel machinery, raw materials, and capital.

A tangible asset is an asset that has a finite monetary value and usually a physical form.

Characteristics of Tangible Assets-

  • They come in physical form, which means they can be seen, felt, or touched.
  • They are depreciated over a period of time.
  • They possess a scrap or residual value.
  • They can be used as collateral to obtain loans.
  • They are used in the daily operations of the business.

Examples of tangible assets-

  • Inventory
  • Raw materials
  • Goods in process
  • Finished products
  • Fixed assets
  • Equipment
  • Office furniture
  • Rolling stock
  • Computer equipment
  • Land
  • Building

Important Points

Intangible assets must meet three criteria to be eligible to be recognized as an asset. They must-

  • Be identifiable
  • Be controlled by the company
  • Have future economic benefit (via revenues or decreased costs)

Examples of intangible assets include patents, copyrights, customer lists, and developed technology such as computer software, licenses or franchises

183

______ refers to the extent to which people are committed to work and involved in their activities.

  1. ((a))

    Unethical

  2. ((b))

    Work ethics

  3. ((c))

    Job description

  4. ((d))

    All the above

Show Answer
Answer: ((b))

Work ethics

The correct answer is Work ethics.

Key Points

Work ethics refers to the extent to which people are committed to work and involved in their activities.

  • These are the work habits and skills that are necessary for successful performance.
  • It refers to a set of behavioral rules that create a positive environment at work.
  • A strong work ethic can lead to employees being fairly treated, which in turn motivates them and develops a sense of loyalty towards the organization.
  • High ethical standards can help stakeholders, like employees, investors, customers and other individuals involved with workplace operations feel that the organization is safeguarding their interests.

Important Points

Some of the common ethics organizations should establish in the workplace-

  • Accountability
  • Responsibility
  • Equality
  • Transparency
  • Trust
  • Fulfilling promises
  • Loyalty
  • Fairness
  • Cooperation
  • Dedication
  • Discipline
  • Professionalism
  • Sustainability
  • Legality

Benefits of using ethics in the workplace

  • Employee satisfaction
  • Improved workplace culture
  • Maintaining legal compliance
  • Improved public reputation
  • Customer engagement and loyalty
184

Public limited companies include

  1. ((a))

    Listed companies

  2. ((b))

    Non-listed companies

  3. ((c))

    Both listed and non listed company

  4. ((d))

    Government non listed companies

Show Answer
Answer: ((c))

Both listed and non listed company

The correct answer is Both listed and non listed company.

Key Points

Public limited companies include Listed companies.

A Public Limited Company under Company Act 2013 is a company that has limited liability and offers shares to the general public.

  • Its stock can be acquired by anyone, either privately through (IPO) initial public offering or via trades on the stock market.
  • The ownership interest of the entity is split into multiple units known as ‘shares’ or ‘equity shares.’ These units of ownership are typically held by multiple individuals or corporations.
  • It is required to publish its true financial health to its shareholders.
  • A minimum of 3 directors are required.
  • There is no restriction on the maximum number of directors.
  • A shareholder of a public limited company isn’t personally responsible for any loss or debts of the company for any amount greater than the amount invested by them.
  • A public limited company is required to have a minimum paid-up capital of Rs 5 lakh, or such a higher amount as prescribed under the act.
  • It is a compulsory requirement under the Companies Act, 2013 for all public companies to add the word ‘limited’ after their name.

Important Points

  • A public company can be listed or unlisted on Stock Exchange.
  • Each share of the company's stock, which was issued through an exchange, represents a small portion of the company's ownership.
  • Investors can then buy and sell such shares, causing their value to fluctuate based on market conditions.
185

Profit and loss appropriation account is prepared

  1. ((a))

    when entire profit is distributed to owners

  2. ((b))

    when there is no profit in the business

  3. ((c))

    when portion of the profits is retained

  4. ((d))

    when merger and acquisition takes place

Show Answer
Answer: ((c))

when portion of the profits is retained

The correct answer is when portion of the profits is retained.

Key Points

Profit and loss appropriation account is prepared when portion of the profits is retained.

Profit and Loss (P&L) Appropriation Account

  • It is prepared to show how the company appropriates or distributes the profit earned during the year.
  • It is an extension of Profit and loss a/c.
  • It is prepared after the preparation of profit and loss a/c at the end of every financial year.
  • It is a nominal account , which means all the expense items of the firm are debited, and income items are credited.
  • It s to allow the adjustments to be made to the profits so that the final income can be divided among the partners per the agreed terms.
  • The objective of a P&L appropriation account is to “appropriate,” or allocate the company’s profits to shareholders and determine the share of profits that will be retained for the next fiscal year.

Following are the adjustments/items included in this account:

  • Net Profit
  • Interest on Capital
  • Interest on Drawings
  • Partner’s Salary
  • Partner’s Commission
  • Net Profit transferred to Partner’s Account
186

Employees at the bottom of the hierarchy of an organization are, generally assigned ______

  1. ((a))

    Repetitive and routine tasks

  2. ((b))

    Tasks that call for innovative thinking

  3. ((c))

    Tasks that involve research

  4. ((d))

    Exceptionally difficult tasks

Show Answer
Answer: ((a))

Repetitive and routine tasks

The correct answer is Repetitive and routine tasks.

Key Points

Employees at the bottom of the hierarchy of an organization are generally assigned Repetitive and routine tasks.

  • ​They have less authority but tend to have greater numbers.
  • However, they are the ones who keep the essential function of the organisation going.
  • Their work is directly related to what organisation exists to deliver to its end customers.
  • A hierarchical structure is the chain of command within a company that begins with senior management and executives and extends to general employees.
187

Every year depreciation is charged on ______.

  1. ((a))

    Equity

  2. ((b))

    Liabilities

  3. ((c))

    Fixed assets

  4. ((d))

    Current assets

Show Answer
Answer: ((c))

Fixed assets

The correct answer is Fixed assets.

Key Points

Every year depreciation is charged on Fixed assets.

  • These ​assets are used up in operating activities of business over the useful life of the asset.

Important Points

Depreciation

  • It refers to an accounting method used to allocate the cost of a tangible or physical asset over its useful life.
  • It represents how much of an asset's value has been used.
  • It allows companies to earn revenue from the assets they own by paying for them over a certain period of time.
  • The carrying value of an asset on the balance sheet is its historical cost minus all accumulated depreciation.
  • The carrying value of an asset after all depreciation has been taken is referred to as its salvage value.
  • Depreciation can be calculated by following methods-
  • Straight-Line
  • Declining Balance
  • Double-Declining Balance (DDB)
  • Sum-of-the-Years' Digits (SYD)

Additional Information

Current Asset

  • It is an asset that a company holds and can be easily sold or consumed and further lead to the conversion of liquid cash.
  • These are all the assets of a company that are expected to be sold or used as a result of standard business operations over the next year.
  • Current assets include cash, cash equivalents, accounts receivable, stock inventory, marketable securities, pre-paid liabilities, and other liquid assets.

Fixed assets

  • These are long-term assets that a company has purchased and is using for the production of its goods and services.
  • These are non-current assets, meaning the assets have a useful life of more than one year.
  • Fixed assets include property, plant, and equipment (PP&E) and are recorded on the balance sheet.
188

The practice of the seller engaging in mass production, mass distribution, and mass promotion of one product for all buyers has come to be known as

  1. ((a))

    Mass Marketing

  2. ((b))

    Mass Targeting

  3. ((c))

    Mass Segmenting

  4. ((d))

    Mass Positioning

Show Answer
Answer: ((a))

Mass Marketing

The correct answer is Mass Marketing.

Key Points

 Mass Marketing

  • ​It is the practice of the seller engaging in mass production, mass distribution, and mass promotion of one product for all buyers.
  • Mass-marketing campaigns set out to generate high-volume sales by appealing to as many people as advertisers can.
  • It stands in contrast to niche marketing, wherein advertisers devote substantial resources to designing specific campaigns to reach a unique (and smaller) target market.

Important Points

Characteristics of Mass Marketing-

  • Low price point and mass production
  • Increased brand awareness
  • Addresses more general customer requirements

Examples of Mass Marketing

  • Billboards
  • Print media ads
  • Television ads
  • We can see that any person of any age can see billboard and ads and hence, anyone can feel the need of the product/service.
189

In capital budgeting which of the following is used as a capital form?

  1. ((a))

    Houses owned by individual

  2. ((b))

    Money owned by customer

  3. ((c))

    Money as capital form

  4. ((d))

    Assets owned by employee

Show Answer
Answer: ((c))

Money as capital form

The correct answer is Money as capital form.

Key Points

In Capital Budgeting, money is used as a capital form.

Capital Budgeting

  • It is also known as investment appraisal.
  • It is an accounting principle using which companies decide whether to invest in a particular project or not.
  • The process involves analyzing a project’s cash inflows and outflows to determine whether the expected return meets a set benchmark.
  • It assists financial decision-makers in making well informed financial decisions for projects that involve huge capital investment and which may last for a year or longer.

Important Points

Capital Budgeting Methods

  • Traditional method
  • Payback period
  • Average rate of return (ARR)
  • Discounted cash flow method
  • Net present value (NPV)
  • Internal rate of return (IRR)
  • Profitability index (PI)
190

______identifies the order of activities to be performed in order to achieve a particular goal.

  1. ((a))

    Break-even analysis

  2. ((b))

    Scheduling

  3. ((c))

    Linear programming

  4. ((d))

    Budgeting

Show Answer
Answer: ((b))

Scheduling

The correct answer is Scheduling.

Key Points

Scheduling identifies the order of activities to be performed in order to achieve a particular goal.

Scheduling:

Scheduling term is often used in Project Management wherein a team is working towards achieving the goal of the project.

  • Scheduling in project management is the listing of activities, deliverables, and milestones within a project.
  • It usually includes a planned start and finish date, duration, and resources assigned to each activity.
  • There are primary three main types of project schedules:
  • Master project schedule
  • Milestone schedule or summary schedule
  • A detailed project schedule.

Important Points

These are the processes for scheduling a project:

  • Plan schedule management
  • Define project activities.
  • Sequence activities
  • Estimate resources
  • Estimate durations
  • Develop the project schedule

Benefits of project scheduling in project management-

  • Assists with tracking, reporting, and communicating progress
  • Ensures everyone is on the same page with tasks, dependencies, and deadlines
  • Highlights issues and concerns, such as a lack of resources
  • Identifies task relationships
  • Monitors progress and identify issues early
191

A good, service, or idea that offers a bundle of tangible and intangible attributes to satisfy the customer is known as

  1. ((a))

    Product

  2. ((b))

    Price

  3. ((c))

    Promotion

  4. ((d))

    Physical Distribution

Show Answer
Answer: ((a))

Product

The correct answer is Product.

Key Points

A good, service, or idea that offers a bundle of tangible and intangible attributes to satisfy the customer is known as Product.

There are three levels of product in marketing-

  • the core product
  • the actual product
  • the augmented product

Important Points

The Core product is not the tangible physical product.

  • It is the benefit of the product that makes it valuable to us.

The Actual product is the tangible, physical product.

  • It is what the average person would think of under the generic banner of product.

The Augmented product is the non-physical part of the product.

  • It usually consists of lots of added value.
  • It a product enhanced by the addition of related services and benefits, e.g., installation, warranty, maintenance and repair services, etc.

Additional Information

Product

  • It refers to the goods and services offered by the organisation.
  • It can be described as a bundle of benefits which a marketeer offers to the consumer for a price.
  • Product can also take the form of a service like an air travel, telecommunication, etc.

Price

  • It is the amount charged for a product or service.
  • Many factors like demand for a product, cost involved, consumer’s ability to pay, prices charged by competitors for similar products, government restrictions etc. have to be kept in mind while fixing the price.
  • Pricing is a very crucial decision area as it has its effect on demand for the product and also on the profitability of the firm.

Place

  • Goods are produced to be sold to the consumers.
  • They must be made available to the consumers at a place where they can conveniently make purchase.
  • This involves a chain of individuals and institutions like distributors, wholesalers and retailers who constitute firm’s distribution network (also called a channel of distribution).

Promotion

  • It is an important ingredient of marketing mix as it refers to a process of informing, persuading and influencing a consumer to make choice of the product to be bought.
  • It is done through means of personal selling, advertising, publicity and sales promotion.
  • It is done mainly with a view to provide information to prospective consumers about the availability, characteristics and uses of a product
192

______ is a set of accounts.

  1. ((a))

    Ledger

  2. ((b))

    Journal

  3. ((c))

    Posting

  4. ((d))

    None of the above

Show Answer
Answer: ((a))

Ledger

The correct answer is Ledger.

Key Points

Ledger is a set of accounts.

Ledger

  • It is a book or digital record containing bookkeeping entries.
  • It tracks five key accounting items: assets, liabilities, owner’s capital, revenues, and expenses.
  • Transactions that first appear in the journals are subsequently posted in ledger accounts. Then, account balances are calculated and transferred from the ledger to a trial balance before appearing on a company's official financial statements.
  • Companies can maintain ledgers for all types of balance sheet and income statement accounts, including accounts receivable, accounts payable, sales, and payroll.

Additional Information

Journal

  • It consists of raw accounting entries that record business transactions, in sequential order by date.​
  • It is the first place where data is recorded, and every page in the item features dividing columns for dates, serial numbers, as well as debit or credit records.
  • Once a transaction is recorded in a general journal, the amounts are then posted to the appropriate accounts, such as accounts receivable, equipment, and cash transactions
193

We can say business is in profit when

  1. ((a))

    Assets exceed liabilities

  2. ((b))

    Income exceeds expenses

  3. ((c))

    Income exceeds liabilities.

  4. ((d))

    Assets exceed expenditure.

Show Answer
Answer: ((b))

Income exceeds expenses

The correct answer is Income exceeds expenses.

Key Points

  • We can say business is in profit when Income exceeds expenses.
  • Accounting profit is the net income for a company and is calculated by subtracting expenses from revenues, with guidance from the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP).

Important Points

For accounting purposes, companies report gross profit, operating profit, and net profit.

Gross profit

  • It is the amount when a business subtracts the costs of goods sold from its generated revenue.
  • Businesses use this amount as an indicator of their profit before expenses.
  • Gross margins must remain high to afford operating expenses.

Operating profit

  • This is the total profit of business operations.
  • It is determined by only subtracting operating expenses from gross profit and includes interest and taxes.
  • It removes operating expenses like overhead and other indirect costs as well as accounting costs like depreciation and amortization.
  • It is sometimes referred to as earnings before interest and taxes, or EBIT.

Net profit

  • It is when a business subtracts all its costs from its generated revenue.
  • It furthermore removes the costs of interest and taxes paid by the business.
  • Because it falls at the bottom of the income statement, it is sometimes referred to as the firm's "bottom line."
  • Net profits contain non-cash elements as well.
194

Select which of these are the sources of attitudes?

  1. Family members
  2. Reference group
  3. Peer group influence
  4. Socialisation and learning process
  1. ((a))

    1, 3, 4 only

  2. ((b))

    1, 2 only

  3. ((c))

    3, 2 only

  4. ((d))

    1, 2, 3, 4

Show Answer
Answer: ((d))

1, 2, 3, 4

The correct answer is 1, 2, 3, 4.

Key Points

Consumer attitude may be defined as a feeling of favorableness or unfavorableness that an individual has towards an object.

It comprises of

  • beliefs towards some objects
  • feelings towards some objects
  • behavioural intentions towards some objects
  • Belief plays a vital role for consumers because it can be either positive or negative towards an object.
  • Human beliefs can change according to situations.
  • Some believe that cold drink is harmful and some believe that it is not.
  • Consumers have certain specific feelings towards some products or brands.
  • Some think that Shein brand promotes fast fashion and hence, won't buy from them. Some think that Shein brand gives them value for money and does not care about fast fashion.
  • Behavioral intentions show the plans of consumers with respect to the products.
  • An individual may not visit KFC on its own but does not mind eating their with friends.

Important Points

Functions of Attitudes

  • Adjustment Function
  • Ego Defensive Function
  • Ego Defensive Function
  • Knowledge Function

Sources of attitude

  • Direct Personal Experience
  • Family members
  • Reference group
  • Peer group influence
  • Socialisation and learning process
  • Data from objective sources (e.g., Consumer Reports)
  • Publicity in the media
195

Which of the following does the abbreviation CSR stand for?

  1. ((a))

    Corporate Social Responsibility

  2. ((b))

    Company Service Rules

  3. ((c))

    Continuous Surveillance Report

  4. ((d))

    Cumulative Supervisory Role

Show Answer
Answer: ((a))

Corporate Social Responsibility

The correct answer is Corporate Social Responsibility.

Key Points

  • CSR stands for Corporate Social Responsibility.
  • Corporate social responsibility (CSR) refers to policies that businesses implement as a component of corporate governance to guarantee that their business practises are moral and advantageous to society.
  • In India, the concept of CSR is governed by Clause 135 of the Companies Act, 2013, which was passed by both the Houses of the Parliament and had received the assent of the President of India on 23 August 2013.
  • The CSR provisions within the Act is applicable to companies with an annual turnover of 1,000 crore and more, or a net worth of Rs. 500 crore and more, or a net profit of Rs. 5 crore and more.
  • The Act encourages companies to spend at 2% of their average net profit in the previous three years on CSR activities.
  • Schedule VII of the Companies Act indicates the activities that can be undertaken by the companies, which, inter alia, include Health care, Education and Rural Development Projects, etc.

Important Points

Arguments for Social Responsibility

  • Justification for existence and growth
  • Long-term interest of the firm
  • Avoidance of government regulation
  • Maintenance of society
  • Availability of resources with business
  • Converting problems into opportunities
  • Better environment for doing business.
  • Holding business responsible for social problems

Arguments against Social Responsibility

  • Violation of profit maximisation objective
  • Burden on consumers
  • Lack of social skills
  • Lack of broad public support
196

In which of these multiple-person evaluation methods is the evaluator asked to rate employees from highest to lowest on some overall criterion ?

  1. ((a))

    Paired comparison

  2. ((b))

    Ranking method

  3. ((c))

    Forced choice

  4. ((d))

    Forced distribution

Show Answer
Answer: ((b))

Ranking method

The correct answer is Ranking method.

Key Points

Multiple person evaluation techniques are those methods when the performance of one employee is directly and intentionally compared with the performance of other employee. These are-

  • Ranking Method
  • Paired Comparision Method
  • Forced Distribution Method
  • Group appraisal
  • Human Resource Accounting
  • Assessment Centre
  • Field Review Method

Important Points

Ranking method

  • ​The evaluator is asked to rate employees from highest to lowest on some overall criterion.
  • The relative position of each employee is tested in terms of his numerical rank.
  • It is easier to rank the best and the worst employee. However, it is not successful while ranking average employees.

Additional Information

Paired comparison method

  • ​It is used when there are several subordinates to be ranked.
  • Under this method, employees are arranged into pairs, and they are compared to each other.
  • Each employee is compared with another, and out of the two, the higher performer is given a score of 1.
  • Once all the pairs are compared, the scores are added.

Forced Distribution Method

  • Under this system, the rater is asked to appraise the employee according to a predetermined distribution scale.
  • The rater is asked to rate the employees in some fixed distribution of categories, such as 10% in low, 20% on low average, 40% in average, 20% in high average and 10% in high.
  • The rater's bias is sought to be eliminated here because workers are not placed at a higher or lower end of the scale.
197

What is it called when the management functions are placed into its logical sequence?

  1. ((a))

    Management System

  2. ((b))

    Management Principle

  3. ((c))

    Management Process

  4. ((d))

    Management Thought

Show Answer
Answer: ((c))

Management Process

The correct answer is Management Process.

Key Points

  • When the management functions are placed into its logical sequence, it is called Management Process.

Important Points

Henri Fayol is one of the first theorists who defined the functions of management in his book entitled- “Administration Industrielle et Generale.” He described five elements of the management.

Planning

  • It is a process of choosing appropriate goals and actions to pursue.
  • It includes determining what strategies to use, what actions to take, and deciding what resources are needed to achieve the goals.

Organising

  • It is to structure company operations based on the size of the workforce and other resources.
  • It allows workers to work together to achieve their organizational goals.

Leading/Commanding

  • For this element, the head of the organization has four functions—communication, leadership, supervision, and motivation.
  • It involves articulating a vision, energizing employees, inspiring and motivating people using vision, influence, persuasion, and effective communication skills.

Coordinating

  • Though different departments may have different goals, but the eventual goal should be synced.
  • Different teams coordinate with one other to achieve the mission and vision of the company.

Controlling/Ordering

  • The leader also has the responsibility to control the operation and workforce of the organization and make sure that everything is in alignment with the company objectives.
198

BRS (Bank reconciliation) is prepared to

  1. ((a))

    Identify the difference in the balance as per cash book and balance as per bank statement

  2. ((b))

    Correct mistakes in the cash book

  3. ((c))

    Correct mistakes in the bank statement

  4. ((d))

    None of the above

Show Answer
Answer: ((a))

Identify the difference in the balance as per cash book and balance as per bank statement

The correct answer is Identify the difference in the balance as per cash book and balance as per bank statement.

Key Points

BRS (Bank reconciliation) 

  • It is a summary of banking and business activity that reconciles an entity’s bank account with its financial records.
  • The statement outlines the deposits, withdrawals, and other activities affecting a bank account for a specific period.
  • It Identifies the difference in the balance as per cash book and balance as per bank statement.
  • After all adjustments, the balance on a bank reconciliation statement should equal the ending balance of the bank account.
  • Depending on the volume and value of bank transactions, the reconciliation activities are carried out daily, weekly, fortnightly etc.
  • ​It is prepared on a periodical basis for checking that bank related transactions are recorded properly in the cash book’s bank column and also by the bank in their books.
  • It helps to detect errors in recording transactions and determining the exact bank balance as on a specified date.

Benefits of preparing a BRS

  • Detecting errors
  • Tracking Interest and Fee
  • Detecting Fraud
  • Tracking Receivables
199

In which of these types of simulation techniques is the dimension of the job programmed into a computer?

  1. ((a))

    Experimental exercise

  2. ((b))

    Computer modelling

  3. ((c))

    Vestibule training

  4. ((d))

    Case exercise

Show Answer
Answer: ((b))

Computer modelling

The correct answer is Computer modelling.

Key Points

Off-the-Job trainings are conducted at locations which are specifically designed for such trainings.

  • A trainee is removed from his normal working place and spends his time for training purpose in any other place.
  • During this time, he is not contributing to the work of organisation.

Some of the Off the Job Training Methods

  • Class Room Lectures/Conferences
  • Audio-Visuals
  • Case Study
  • Induction Training
  • Vestibule Training
  • Programmed Instructions
  • Computer Modelling
  • Role Playing Method

Important Points

Computer Modelling

  • This method of training stimulates the work environment by programming a computer to imitate some of the realities of the job.
  • It allows learning to take place without the risk or high costs that would be incurred if a mistake is done in real life situation.

Additional Information

Vestibule training

  • ​Organisations create special training centres called ‘Vestibules’ where a working environment is created which is almost a duplicate of the actual work environment.
  • It is a training technique which provides employees an opportunity to learn jobs on the equipment they will operate on actual work floor.

Case exercise

  • ​It involves a written description of an actual business situation happened in the past.
  • Trainees have to find an approach to function under the conditions mentioned in the case study.
  • This method is suitable to develop managerial skills among employees.
200

A manager sets goals through a collaborative process. The extent to which goals are accomplished is an important parameter in evaluating and rewarding the subordinate's performance. By which of the following terms is this described?

  1. ((a))

    Management by resources

  2. ((b))

    Management by authority

  3. ((c))

    Management by system

  4. ((d))

    Management by objectives

Show Answer
Answer: ((d))

Management by objectives

The correct answer is Management by objectives.

Key Points

A manager sets goals through a collaborative process. The extent to which goals are accomplished is an important parameter in evaluating and rewarding the subordinate's performance. It is described by Management by objectives.

Important Points

The term Management by Objectives was coined by Peter Drucker in 1954 in his book-The Practice of Management.

Management By Objectives (MBO)

  • It is a performance management approach in which a balance is sought between the objectives of employees and the company goals.
  • It defines roles and responsibilities for the employees and help them chalk out their future course of action in the organization.

Peter Drucker sets a number of conditions that must be met:

  • Objectives are determined with the employees or team members;
  • Objectives are formulated at both quantitative and qualitative levels;
  • Objectives must be challenging and motivating;
  • Daily feedback on the state of affairs and key results at the level of coaching and development instead of static management reports;
  • Rewards (recognition, appreciation and/or performance-related pay) for achieving the intended objectives is a requirement;
  • The basic principle is growth and development not punishments.

Peter Drucker has developed five steps to put Management by Objectives into practice-

  • Determine or revise the organizational objectives
  • Translating the organizational objectives to employees
  • Stimulate the participation of employees in the determining of the objectives
  • Monitoring of the performance
  • Evaluate and reward achievements

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