MPPEB Group 2 Subgroup 4 Labour Inspector Official Paper(Held On : 10 Jan 2017 Shift 2) (Previous Year Paper)

The correct answer is Nucleus.

Key Points

• Cell division is a process by which the cell duplicates itself either for growth and repair or for the reproduction of the organism.
• Mitosis is the process in which a eukaryotic cell nucleus splits in two, followed by the division of the parent cell into two daughter cells.
• A new cell wall is constructed between the daughter nuclei after the division.

Additional Information

• The nucleus is a highly specialized organelle that serves as the information and administrative centre of the cell.
• This organelle has two major functions:
• It stores the cell's hereditary material or DNA,
• It coordinates the cell's activities, which include intermediary metabolism, growth, protein synthesis, and reproduction (cell division).
• The cell membrane is the semi-permeable covering that surrounds all cells.
• Semi-permeable means that it allows certain substances to pass through them while prohibiting the passage of others.
• The cell membrane is the membrane found in all cells that separate the interior of the cell from the outside environment.
• In bacterial and plant cells, a cell wall is attached to the plasma membrane on its outside surface.
• The cell membrane regulates the transport of materials entering and exiting the cell.
• The plant cell wall has a diversity of functions.
• It provides a structural framework to support plant growth and acts as the first line of defence when the plant encounters pathogens.
• Ribosomes are complex cellular structures found in all cells and are responsible for making proteins.
• They are composed of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and protein and are most abundant in the cytoplasm, although some functional ribosomes can be found in the nuclei of eukaryotic cells.
• Every living cell requires ribosomes for the production of proteins.

The correct answer is Thyroxin.

Key Points

• Thyroxin hormone (TH) is the most important hormone in frog metamorphosis.
• The thyroid gland secretes thyroxine (TH), a hormone essential for the growth and development of all vertebrates including humans.

Additional Information

• Metamorphosis is a biological process that involves sudden and abrupt changes in the body structure of the animal by cell growth and differentiation.
• It is generally observed in amphibians and insects.
• Adrenaline
• It is produced in the centre (medulla) of the adrenal glands and some neurons of the central nervous system.
• The overall effect of adrenaline is to prepare the body for the fight or flight response in times of stress, i.e. for vigorous and/or sudden action.
• Insulin
• It is secreted in the pancreas.
• It allows your body to use glucose for energy.
• Once glucose is in your bloodstream, insulin causes cells throughout your body to absorb the sugar and use it for energy.
• Testosterone
• Testosterone is a hormone found in humans, as well as in other animals.
• In men, the testicles primarily make testosterone.
• Women’s ovaries also make testosterone, though in much smaller amounts.
• Testosterone is most often associated with sex drive and plays a vital role in sperm production.
• It also affects bone and muscle mass, the way men store fat in the body, and even red blood cell production.

The correct answer is s = d/t.

Key Points

• Speed tells us how fast something or someone is travelling.
• The formula for speed is speed = distance ÷ time.
• Hence, s = d/t.

Additional Information

• If the distance is in metres (m) and time is in seconds (s), then the unit of speed will be in metres per second (m/s).
• And if the distance is in kilometres (Km) and time is in hours (hr), then the unit will be in Kilometres per hour (Km/hr).
• The formula can be rearranged in three ways:
• speed = distance ÷ time
• distance = speed × time
• time = distance ÷ speed

The correct answer is Coir, jute, cotton.

Key Points

• The fibres which are obtained from plants and animals are called natural fibres.
• Fibres are found to be very thin and thread-like strands that are used to generate fabrics and papers.
• The common fibres obtained from plants are cotton and jute.
• Coir is also a natural plant fibre that is obtained from the fruits of the coconut trees (species Cocos nucifera).

Additional Information

• Wool is obtained from sheep, goats and yak.
• Silk is obtained from silkworms.
• Hence, silk and wool are animal fibres.

The correct answer is Kangaroo.

Key Points

• Animals that give birth to offspring are called viviparous.
• In viviparous animals, both fertilization, as well as the development of the embryo, takes place inside the female reproductive system.
• Once the fetus development is complete, the mother delivers the baby.
• Kangaroo is an example of a viviparous animal.
• Humans, dogs, cats, elephants, etc are few examples of viviparous animals.

Additional Information

• Animals that lay eggs are called oviparous.
• In oviparous animals, fertilization takes place internally but embryo development takes place externally.
• Example- Fogs, birds, fishes, reptiles etc.

The correct answer is Ram is applying more force.

Key Points

• Newton's second law of motion states that "The rate of change of momentum of an object is proportional to the applied unbalanced force in the direction of the force."
• The mathematical representation of the law is  \(F=m*a\)
• Where F is the force, m is the mass of the object and a is acceleration.
• So, two tables will certainly have more mass than that of one so, Ram, who is pushing two tables, will apply more force.

Source:-https://ncert.nic.in/textbook/pdf/iesc109.pdf

The correct answer is the Dispersion of light.

Key Points 

• When white light is passed through a glass prism it splits into its spectrum of colours and this process of white light splitting into its constituent colours is termed dispersion.
• The order of colours is violet, indigo, blue, green, yellow, orange and red.
• A rainbow is a multicoloured arc made by light-striking water droplets.
• When the white light strikes water droplets,  the droplets work as a Prism to disperse the light into a spectrum of colours.

Additional Information 

• Rainbows are the result of the refraction and reflection of light.
• Both refraction and reflection are phenomena that involve a change in a wave's direction.
• A refracted wave may appear "bent", while a reflected wave might seem to "bounce back" from a surface or other wavefront.
• When light travels from one medium to another, the speed of its propagation changes, as a result, it ‘bends’ or is ‘refracted’.
• Now when light passes through a prism, it is refracted towards the base of the triangle.
• The different colours in the spectrum of light have different wavelengths.
• Therefore, the speed with which they all bend varies depending on this wavelength, where violet bends the most, having the shortest wavelength and red bends the least, having the longest wavelength.
• This is the reason for the dispersion of white light into its spectrum of colours when refracted through a prism.

The correct answer is Blue.

Key Points

• A blue gas flame color means complete combustion.

Additional Information

• A blue flame is one indication of proper function and complete combustion.
• This indicates that the gas is being burned efficiently without any unburned and wasted gas.
• With complete combustion, you get the maximum heat output from your gas and use less gas to generate heat with whatever appliance you are using.
• You also minimize or eliminate the creation of carbon monoxide.
• An orange, yellow or red flame means incomplete combustion of the gas.
• The yellow or red flames are due to the incandescence of very fine soot particles that are produced in the flame.

The correct answer is Wheat.

Key Points

• Rust diseases represent the most economically significant fungal diseases in wheat and other cereal crops worldwide.
• With the capacity to form new strains of fungus, rusts can attack even previously resistant varieties.
• Rust diseases possess the ability to spread and travel long distances by dispersal of windborne spores and can rapidly develop under optimal weather conditions.
• The rusts are a group of fungal diseases affecting the aerial parts of plants.
• Leaves are affected most commonly, but rust can also be found occasionally on stems and even flowers and fruit.
• The development of the disease can sometimes be slowed by picking off affected leaves as soon as they are seen, provided that this involves just a small number of leaves.

The correct answer is Argon.

Key Points

• The bulb is filled with an inert gas such as argon at low pressure to reduce evaporation of the filament and prevent its oxidation.
• Argon is a commonly used gas, used to fill incandescent light bulbs.
• It increases the bulb life by preventing the tungsten filament from deteriorating too quickly.
• Filling a bulb with an inert gas slows down the evaporation of the tungsten filament compared to operating it in a vacuum.
• This allows for greater temperatures and therefore greater efficacy with less reduction in filament life.

The correct answer is Humidity.

Key Points

• The amount of water vapour in the air is called humidity.
• When the air is humid, it has a lot of water vapour in it.
• Water as a gas in the atmosphere is called water vapour.

Additional Information

• Temperature is the measure of hotness or coldness expressed in terms of any of several scales, including Fahrenheit and Celsius.
• Transpiration is the loss of water from the plant through evaporation at the leaf surface.
• It is the main driver of water movement in the xylem.
• Transpiration is caused by the evaporation of water at the leaf–atmosphere interface.
• Evaporation is the process by which an element or compound transitions from its liquid state to its gaseous state below the temperature at which it boils.

The correct answer is Chromium.

Key Points

• A thin coating of chromium metal on iron and Steel objects makes the Iron and Steel objects look shiny and attractive, as well as protects them from corrosion or rusting.
• Chromium metal has a shiny appearance and does not corrode.
• It is quite expensive so the whole material is not made out of chromium.
• That's why the material is made of cheap metal and only a thin coating of Chromium is applied over it.

Additional Information

The correct answer is Plugin appliances before any repair.

Key Points

• All appliances should be working properly and should be in good condition before they are used.
• Damaged or unrepaired appliances, when used, may cause short-circuit or any other type of harm even to the human body.
• So, it is advisable to unplug all appliances before repair and to not plug any unrepaired appliances.
• We should never touch electrical appliances when our hands are wet as water can conduct electricity easily, thus electrocuting us.

The correct answer is the Burning of paper.

Key Points

• The burning of paper is a chemical change and not a physical change.
• When we burn a paper it undergoes the combustion reaction and during the combustion state of the substance, it changes from its solid-state or liquid state to gaseous.
• The paper after burning changes into ashes and fumes of gases are evolved.

Additional Information

• In a physical change, only the appearance of a substance is changed and not its chemical composition.
• In tearing or folding or crushing a paper its chemical composition is not changed, hence, they are all physical changes.
• Chemical changes cause a substance to change into an entirely new substance with a new chemical formula.
• Chemical changes are also known as chemical reactions.

The correct answer is Cellulose.

Key Points

• Cotton is a polymer made of a large number of glucose units called cellulose.
• Cellulose fibers can be obtained from the bark, wood, or leaves of plants, or plant-based material.

Additional Information

• Cellulose is the main substance found in plant cell walls and helps the plant to remain stiff and strong.
• Humans cannot digest cellulose, but it is important in the diet as a source of fiber.
• Cellulose is used to make clothes and paper.
• Cellulose is an example of a natural polymer.
• A polymer is a long and repeating chain of the same molecule stuck together.
• Cellulose is a long-chain polymer of glucose.
• Polymerization of vinyl chloride (monomer) results in the production of polyvinylchloride or PVC.
• PVC is one of the most used plastic materials in the world.
• It is widely used for making construction profiles, medical devices, roofing membranes, credit cards, electric cables, sheets, children's toys, sewerage pipes, gas pipes, clothing, and furniture, etc.
• Polyethene is a thermoplastic commodity heavily used in consumer products.
• It is a polymer consisting of long chains of the monomer ethylene (ethene).
• PET (also abbreviated PETE) is short for polyethylene terephthalate, the chemical name for polyester.
• PET is a clear, strong, and lightweight plastic that is widely used for packaging foods and beverages, especially convenience-sized soft drinks, juices, and water.
• The basic building blocks of PET are ethylene glycol and terephthalic acid, which are combined to form a polymer chain.

The correct answer is Rubbing their hind legs against their wings.

Key Points

• Grasshoppers are a group of insects that make sounds by rubbing one of their hind legs, which has rows of pegs on the inside, against the stiff outer edge of their wing.
• These sounds are produced to find a mate and protect their territory.
• Grasshoppers can also make loud snapping or cracking sounds with their wings as they fly.
• They “pop” their wings by causing the membranes between the veins to stiffen, leading them to change shape and vibrate.
• This is another way to get attention when they are trying to court another grasshopper for mating.

The correct answer is He sits inside the car itself.

Key Points

• A thunderstorm is a violent short-lived weather disturbance that is almost always associated with lightning, thunder, dense clouds, heavy rain, or hail.
• He will be safer in the car itself because the car will act as a Faraday cage i.e. the electric field inside the car will remain zero.
• If he goes out there are chances of him being struck by lightning because current can pass through Satish to the ground thus completing the circuit.

Additional Information

• Faraday cages shield their contents from static electric fields.
• An electric field is a force field surrounding a charged particle, such as an electron or proton.
• All Faraday cages take electrostatic charges, or even certain types of electromagnetic radiation, and distribute them around the exterior of the cage.
• As a Faraday cage distributes that charge or radiation around the cage's exterior, it cancels out electric charges or radiation within the cage's interior.
• In short, a Faraday cage is a hollow conductor, in which the charge remains only on the external surface of the cage.
• This is the reason why passengers flying in an airplane are not affected when it is hit by lightning.
• The aluminum hull of the plane creates a Faraday cage.

The correct answer is Liver.

Key Points

• The liver is the largest gland in the human body.
• The liver is located in the upper right-hand portion of the abdominal cavity, beneath the diaphragm, and on top of the stomach.
• Shaped like a cone, the liver is a dark reddish-brown organ that weighs about 3 pounds.
• The liver regulates most chemical levels in the blood and excretes a product called bile.
• This helps carry away waste products from the liver and breaks down fats in the small intestine during digestion.
• It also produces cholesterol and special proteins to help carry fats through the body.
• It converts excess glucose into glycogen for storage.

Additional Information

• Salivary glands make saliva, which aids in digestion, keeps the mouth moist, and supports healthy teeth.
• Saliva helps with swallowing and chewing.
• It can also help prevent infections from developing in your mouth or throat.
• The endocrine system consists of a group of glands and organs that regulate and control various body functions by producing and secreting hormones. 
• Endocrine glands release their hormones directly into the bloodstream.
• Exocrine glands release hormones or other substances into a duct.
• The pineal gland is the smallest gland of our body.

The correct answer is Parasite.

Key Points

• Cuscuta is a stem parasite.
• It is also known as Amarbel in India.
• A parasitic plant is a plant that obtains all or part of its nutrition from another plant (the host) without contributing to the benefit of the host and, in some cases, causing extreme damage to the host.
• The defining structural feature of a parasitic plant is the haustorium, a specialized organ that penetrates the host and forms a vascular union between the plants.

Additional Information

• Saprophytes are living organisms that live and feed on dead and decaying organisms.
• An autotroph is an organism that can produce its own food using light, water, carbon dioxide, or other chemicals.
• Host plants are plants that an organism lives on and lives off of.

The correct answer is Alcohol.

Key Points

• Clinical thermometer is sterilized by dipping them in alcohol.

Additional Information

• Alcohol has antimicrobial properties.
• Alcohol kills germs through a simple chemical process known as denaturation.
• Denaturation occurs when alcohol molecules break down the proteins present in the structure of germs.
• When the proteins break down and lose their structure, the cells can’t function properly.
• They lose their membrane protection, dehydrate, and quickly die.

Important Points

• Generally, the range of clinical thermometers is from 95^∘F to 110^∘F.
• The boiling point of water is 212^∘F (100° C).
• If a clinical thermometer is sterilized by boiling water, the capillary of the thermometer will burst due to the thermal expansion of mercury in the capillary tube of the thermometer.

The correct answer is Petroleum Conservation Research Association.

Key Points

• PCRA stands for Petroleum Conservation Research Association.

Additional Information

• Petroleum Conservation Research Association (PCRA) is a registered society set up under the aegis of the Ministry of Petroleum & Natural Gas, Government of India.
• It is engaged in promoting energy efficiency in various sectors of the economy.
• It helps the government in proposing policies and strategies for petroleum conservation, aimed at reducing excessive dependence of the country on oil requirements.
• PCRA aims at making oil conservation a national movement.
• It was established in 1977.
• Headquarters- New Delhi
• Executive Director- Dr. Niranjan Kumar Singh

Source:-http://www.pcra.org/

The correct answer is Furrow.

Key Points

• Furrow is a method of irrigation.
• Furrow irrigation is a method of laying out the water channels in such a way where gravity plays the role of providing just enough water for suitable plants to grow.
• It is usually made by the planned placement of ridges and furrows.
• It is a kind of surface irrigation system.
• A ridge is the part of the layout of the field that is elevated at different angles based on the type of soil.
• This is actually where the plants are planted.
• The furrows are the troughs that let the water flow through them.

The correct answer is Gravity.

Key Points

• The Moon does not have an atmosphere around it because of the absence of sufficient force of Gravity.
• The primary reason for the Moon to not have an atmosphere is that the moon is too small.
• This reduces the amount of gravity on the moon.
• Strong gravity is needed to hold an atmosphere into place.
• With weak gravity, gases that are emitted from the surface quickly are lost to outer space.
• Another reason is that the moon does not currently experience plate tectonics and geologic upwelling.
• Plate tectonics allows for recycling of crust and convergence and divergence of plates occurs and this leads to volcanoes and gases escaping at the boundaries.
• There are currently no significant processes that allow for abundant gases to supply an atmosphere.
• The solar wind from the sun helps strip away a weak atmosphere.
• Earth does not suffer the same fate since the gravity is high enough to hold the atmosphere in place.

The correct answer is the Breakdown of rocks.

Key Points

• Definition: Weathering is the process by which rocks are broken down into smaller particles by natural agents like wind, water, and temperature changes.
• Agents: It occurs due to physical, chemical, and biological factors such as freezing and thawing, oxidation, or root growth.
• Result: The broken rock materials gradually mix with organic matter, leading to the formation of soil.
• Importance: Weathering is the first step in soil formation and plays a vital role in shaping the Earth’s surface and supporting plant life.
• .

Additional Information

• Weathering is the process of breaking down rocks by the action of heavy wind, water flow, and climate.
• Breaking down of rocks results in the formation of some small particles which mix with hummus.
• This mixture of small rocks and humus makes the soil fertile.
• So, wind, water, and climate- all three help in soil formation.
• No rock on Earth is hard enough to resist the forces of weathering and erosion.
• Once a rock has been broken down, a process called erosion transports the bits of rock and mineral away.
• A single type of weathered rock often produces infertile soil, while weathered materials from a collection of rocks are richer in mineral diversity and contribute to the fertility of the soil.

The correct answer is Migratory birds.

Key Points

• Migratory birds are the birds that fly to faraway places every year during a particular time to avoid severe climatic conditions.

Additional Information

• The term migration describes periodic, large-scale movements of populations of animals.
• Birds migrate to move from areas of low or decreasing resources to areas of high or increasing resources.
• The two primary resources being sought are food and nesting locations.
• Migratory birds fly hundreds and thousands of kilometers to find the best ecological conditions and habitats for feeding, breeding, and raising their young.
• When conditions at breeding sites become unfavorable, it is time to fly to regions where conditions are better.
• Endangered species is any species that is at risk of extinction because of a sudden rapid decrease in its population or a loss of its critical habitat.
• A threatened species is any species of bird or any other organism that is likely to become endangered within the foreseeable future.

उपरोक्त विकल्पों में विकल्प -3 सही उत्तर है l

Key Points

• संज्ञा के स्थान पर प्रयुक्त होने वाले शब्दों को सर्वनाम कहते हैं। जैसे - मैं, वह, वे, उन्हें, अपने तुम, हम आदि।
• हिंदी में मूलतः सर्वनामों की संख्या 11 है – मैं, तू, आप, यह, वह, जो, सो, कौन, कोई, क्या और कुछ।​
• सर्वनाम के भेद- सर्वनाम के मुख्यतः छः भेद हैं-​

उपरोक्त उदाहरण में 'घूस देना' सही विकल्प हैl

Key Points 

• चांदी का जूता मारना' मुहावरे का अर्थ है - घूस देना
• वाक्य प्रयोग : रमेश का लखनऊ तबतक तबादला नहीं हुआ जब उसने अफसर के मुँह पर चांदी का जूता नहीं माराl
• मुहावरे का शाब्दिक अर्थ -'अभ्यास ' है l
• मुहावरा शब्द अरबी शब्द है l
• ऐसे वाक्यांश जो अपने सामान्य अर्थ के स्थान पर विशेष अर्थ प्रकट करते हैं, मुहावरा कहलाते हैl

अन्य विकल्प- 

Additional Information

सही उत्तर विकल्प 2 निः + चल है।

Key Points

• 'निश्छल' शब्द में विसर्ग संधि है।
• इसका संधि विच्छेद निः + चल है।
• यदि विसर्ग के बाद च,छ या श हो तो विसर्ग का श् हो जाता है।

Additional Information

उपरोक्त विकल्पों के अनुसार विकल्प -4 सही उत्तर हैl

Key Points

• 'थोथा चना बाजे घना' लोकोक्ति का सही अर्थ है - अयोग्य व्यक्ति अपनी अधिक प्रशंसा किया करता है
• वाक्य प्रयोग - सुरेश के पास किसी भी प्रकार  की उपलब्धि नहीं है फिर भी वह अपनी बड़ाई करते नहीं थकता । उसी  पर यह कहावत चरितार्थ होती है– थोथा चना बाजे घना।

Additional Information

उपरोक्त विकल्पों में विकल्प -1 तत्र + एव सही विकल्प हैl 

Key Points

• 'तत्रैव' का संधि-विच्छेद तत्र + एव है।
• 'तत्रैव' में वृद्धि संधि है।
• नियम- अ + ए = ऐ

Additional Information

 

उपरोक्त विकल्पों के अनुसार विकल्प - 2 सही उत्तर हैl

Key Points

• अँगूठा दिखाना' मुहावरे का अर्थ है - मौके पर धोखा देना l
• वाक्य प्रयोग -मंजू हमेशा मौके पर अँगूठा दिखाती है l

Additional Information

अन्य विकल्प :

दिए गए विकल्पों में विकल्प -2 सही उत्तर हैl

Key Points

• ऊष्मा की वर्तनी शुद्ध हैl
• शुद्ध वर्तनी का सही अर्थ - शब्दों की मात्रा पर सही प्रकाश डालना हैl

अन्य विकल्प -

Additional Information

दिए गए विकल्पों में विकल्प -3 भाववाचक सही उत्तर हैl

Key Points

• प्रस्तुत वाक्य में भाववाचक संज्ञा हैl
• जो शब्द पदार्थों की अवस्था , गुण , दोष , धर्म , दशा , स्वभाव आदि का बोध कराते हैं उन्हें भाववाचक संज्ञा कहते हैं।
• जैसे :-  बचपन, चढाई, थकावट, मोटापा, मानवता, चतुराई, जवानी, लम्बाई, मित्रता, मुस्कुराहट , अपनापन, परायापन, भूख, प्यास, चोरी, क्रोध, सुन्दरता आदि।

Additional Information

दिए गए विकल्पों में विकल्प -1 संदेहवाचक सही उत्तर हैl

Key Points

• संभवतः आज वर्षा हो जाये। - वाक्य में वर्षा होने का संदेह है, अतः यह संदेहवाचक वाक्य का उदाहरण हैl
• वाक्य के दो भेद होते हैंl
• 1. अर्थ के आधार पर
• 2. रचना के आधार पर 

अन्य विकल्प : 

​ 

Additional Information

दिए गए विकल्पों के अनुसार ऐक्य का पर्यायवाची एकता होगा l अतः सही उत्तर विकल्प -4 एकता हैl

Key Points

• ऐक्य के अन्य पर्यायवाची शब्द है -एकत्व, एका, एकता, मेल।
• ऐक्य का अर्थ है - एकता, एकरूपता l

अन्य विकल्प-

• एकांत का पर्यायवाची- निभृत, विजन, सुनसान, जनशून्य, वीरान, निर्जन।
• एहसान का पर्यायवाची- कृपा, अनुग्रह, उपकार।
• ऐश का पर्यायवाची- चैन, आराम

Additional Information

दिए गए सभी विकल्पों में से 'राष्ट्रपति आज यहाँ पधारेंगे' शुद्ध वाक्य हैं, अन्य सभी विकल्प त्रुटिपूर्ण हैं। अतः विकल्प 3 ‘राष्ट्रपति आज यहाँ पधारेंगे’ इसका सही उत्तर है।

Key Points

• 'राष्ट्रपति आज यहाँ पधारेंगे' शुद्ध वाक्य है क्योंकि इसमें कोई त्रुटि नहीं है।
• अन्य सभी विकल्पों में अन्विति संबधी अशुद्धि है।

Important Points

• अन्विति की परिभाषा- वाक्य में प्रयुक्त संज्ञा पद के लिंग, वचन, पुरुष, कारक के अनुसार किसी दूसरे पद (क्रिया) में होने वाले परिवर्तन को अन्विति  कहते हैं।
• जैसे -  राम आम खाता है। (जब कर्ता एवं कर्म के साथ कोई परसर्गीय चिह्न न हो तो हमेशा कर्ता के अनुसार अन्विति होगी)

Additional Information

दिए गए विकल्पों में से 'आजानु' में 'आ' उपसर्ग है। अत: इसका सही उत्तर  विकल्प 2 ‘आ’ है।

Key Points

• आजानु = आ (उपसर्ग) + जानु (घुटनों तक)।
• 'आ' हिंदी भाषा का उपसर्ग है।
• ‘आ’ उपसर्ग से बनने वाले अन्य शब्द - आजन्म, आक्रमण, आरक्षण इत्यादि।
• 'आ' उपसर्ग का अर्थ - तक, समेत, ओर।

अन्य विकल्प - 

नोट - 'आज' और 'आजा' संगत उपसर्ग नहीं है।

Additional Information

दिए गए विकल्पों में विकल्प 2 ‘परोक्ष​’ इसका सही उत्तर है। अन्य विकल्प इसके असंगत उत्तर होंगे।

Key Points

• ‘जो आँखों के सामने न हो’ वाक्यांश के लिए एक शब्द ‘परोक्ष’ होगा।

अन्य विकल्प - 

 

Additional Information

विकल्प 3 ‘संगठनात्मक प्रतिवेदन​’ सही उत्तर है।

Key Points

• दिए गए सभी विकल्पों में से संगठनात्मक प्रतिवेदन में किसी संस्था, सभा, बैठक इत्यादि का विवरण दिया जाता है।
• प्रतिवेदन के तीन प्रकार हैं-

Additional Information

दिए गए विकल्पों में से 'परार्थ' में 'परा' उपसर्ग है। अन्य विकल्प इसके उचित उत्तर नहीं हैं। अत: इसका सही उत्तर  विकल्प 4 ‘परा’ है।

Key Points

• परार्थ = परा + अर्थ
• 'परा' हिंदी भाषा का उपसर्ग है।
• ‘परा’ उपसर्ग से बनने वाले अन्य शब्द - पराभव, पराक्रम, पराधीन, पराजय इत्यादि।

अन्य विकल्प - 

 

Additional Information

दिए गए सभी विकल्पों में से वाक्य के दो घटक 'उद्देश्य और विधेय' हैं। 

Key Points

• जिसके बारे में बात की जाय उसे उद्देश्य कहते हैं और जो बात की जाय उसे विधेय कहते हैं।
• उदाहरण के लिए, 'मोहन प्रयाग में रहता है'।
• इसमें उद्देश्य है - 'मोहन' , और विधेय है - 'प्रयाग में रहता है।

अन्य विकल्प - 

Additional Information

विकल्प 1 ‘विवरणात्मक प्रतिवेदन​’ सही उत्तर है।

Key Points

• दिए गए सभी विकल्पों में से किसी मेले, यात्रा, पिकनिक, सभा, रैली इत्यादि का तैयार किया गया विवरण 'विवरणात्मक प्रतिवेदन' कहलाता है।
• प्रतिवेदन के तीन प्रकार हैं-

Additional Information

'निर्लोभ' के लिए सही संधि विच्छेद होगा - निः + लोभ। शेष विकल्प असंगत हैं। अतः विकल्प 1 ‘निः + लोभ’ सही उत्तर है।

Key Points

• 'निर्लोभ' का सही सन्धि विच्छेद होगा - निः + लोभ।
• 'निर्लोभ - निः + लोभ' में विसर्ग संधि  है।
• 'निर्लोभ - निः + लोभ' (: + ल् = र्), यहाँ ':' और 'ल् ' के मेल से 'र्' बना है।
• विसर्ग संधि करते समय विसर्ग के साथ 'अ, आ' को छोड़कर कोई अन्य स्वर हो या किसी वर्ग का द्वितीय, चतुर्थ और पंचम वर्ण हो या 'य, र, ल, व' हो तो 'विसर्ग' का 'र्' बन जाता है।

Additional Information

दिए गए सभी विकल्पों में 'पंडितानी’ शब्द में 'आनी’ प्रत्यय का योग है, अन्य सभी विकल्प असंगत हैं। अतः विकल्प 4 ‘आन���’ इसका सही उत्तर है।

Key Points

• पंडितानी = पंडित + आनी।
• इसमें तद्धित प्रत्यय है।
• तद्धित प्रत्यय - जो प्रत्यय क्रिया के मूल रूप (धातु) को छोड़कर अन्य शब्दों (संज्ञा, सर्वनाम, विशेषण आदि) के साथ जुड़ते हैं, तद्धित प्रत्यय कहलाते हैं।
• 'आनी' प्रत्यय से अन्य शब्द - देवरानी, नौकरानी, इन्द्राणी आदि।

अन्य विकल्प - 

नोट - 'तानी' एवं 'अनी' संगत प्रत्यय नहीं हैं। 

Additional Information

दिए गए विकल्पों में 'अग्नि' शब्द की वर्तनी शुद्ध है। अत: सही विकल्प 3 ‘अग्नि’ है। अन्य सभी शब्दों की वर्तनी त्रुटि पूर्ण ह 

Key Points

• ‘आग’ का पर्यायवाची 'अग्नि' होता है।
• 'अग्नि' का अर्थ 'प्रकाश' होता है।
• वाक्य - हवन कुंड में अग्नि प्रज्ज्वलित की गई।
• आग तद्भव शब्द है और अग्नि तत्सम शब्द है।

Additional Information

दिए गए विकल्पों में से सही उत्तर विकल्प 3 'ईश्वर की माया कहीं धूप कहीं छाया' है। अन्य विकल्प इसके अनुचित उत्तर हैं। 

Key Points

• 'आस्थावादी ............. होता है।'  इस भाव पल्लवन पर आधारित उचित 'ईश्वर की माया कहीं धूप कहीं छाया' होगा।
• 'ईश्वर की माया कहीं धूप कहीं छाया' मुहावरे का अर्थ 'भाग्य की विचित्रता होना' होता है।
• वाक्य - कभी कभी जो संसाधन हमें खुशी प्रदान करते है तो कभी उन्हीं के द्वारा हमें तकलीफ भी उठानी पड़ती है। सही कहा गया है - ईश्वर की यही माया है कहीं धूप कहीं छाया है।

अन्य विकल्प:

1. 'अंत भले का भला' मुहावरे का अर्थ 'अच्छे कार्य का परिणाम भी अच्छा होता है' होगा।
2. 'घर का जोगी जोगणा, आन गाँव का सिद्ध' का अर्थ होता है ' अपने गाँव घर की अपेक्षा अन्यत्र अधिक सम्मान'।
3. 'जाको राखे साइयां मार सके न कोय' इसका अर्थ है 'जिस पर ईश्वर की कृपा दृष्टि होती हैं उसका कोई बाल भी बांका नहीं कर सकता'।

Additional Information

• ऐसे शब्द-समूह, वाक्य या अनुच्छेदों को कहते हैं जिसमें कोई बात सुन्दर ढंग से या बुद्धिमत्तापूर्ण तरीके से कही गयी हो।
• सुवचन, सूक्ति, अनमोल वचन, आदि शब्द भी इसके लिये प्रयुक्त होते हैं।

दिए गए विकल्पों में से सही उत्तर विकल्प 4 'क्षुद्र' है। अन्य विकल्प इसके अनुचित उत्तर हैं। 

Key Points

• महान शब्द का उचित विलोम शब्द 'क्षुद्र' होता है।
• क्षुद्र विशेषण शब्द है जिसका अर्थ अधम या ओछा होता है।
• महान का अर्थ 'उच्चकोटि' का होता है।
• महान के पर्यायवाची शब्द हैं - विशाल, बड़ा, विराट, वृहत, महा, दीर्घ।

अन्य विकल्प:

1. अल्पज्ञानी का विलोम शब्द महाज्ञानी होगा।
2. नगण्य का विलोम शब्द गण्य होगा।
3. अनुचित का विलोम शब्द उचित होता है।

Additional Information

• ‘विलोम’ शब्द का अर्थ है - उल्टा या विपरीत।
• अत: किसी शब्द का उल्टा अर्थ व्यक्त करने वाला शब्द विलोम शब्द कहलाता है।
• इन शब्दों को विलोमार्थक, विपर्यायवाची, प्रतिलोमार्थक और विलोम शब्द भी कहते हैं।

दिए गए विकल्पों में से सही उत्तर विकल्प 2 'उन्नति' है। अन्य विकल्प इसके अनुचित उत्तर हैं। 

Key Points

• दिए गए सभी विकल्पों में शुद्ध वर्तनी वाला शब्द 'उन्नति' है।
• उन्नति स्त्रीलिंग शब्द है।
• उन्नति का अर्थ प्रगति होता है।
• उन्नति के पर्यायवाची शब्द हैं - विकास, उत्कर्ष, उत्थान, अभ्युदय, वृद्धि।

Additional Information 

दिए गए विकल्पों में से सही उत्तर विकल्प 1 'इच्छावाचक' है। अन्य विकल्प इसके अनुचित उत्तर हैं। 

Key Points

• ''आपकी परीक्षाएँ अच्छी हों" अर्थ की दृष्टि से यह वाक्य 'इच्छावाचक' वाक्य है।
• जिन वाक्यों में किसी इच्छा, आकांक्षा या आशीर्वाद का बोध होता है, उन्हें इच्छावाचक वाक्य कहते हैं।
• यह अर्थ के आधार पर वाक्य का एक भेद है।
• अर्थ के आधार पर वाक्य के आठ भेद होते हैं - 1-विधान वाचक वाक्य, 2- निषेधवाचक वाक्य, 3- प्रश्नवाचक वाक्य, 4- विस्म्यादिवाचक वाक्य, 5- आज्ञावाचक वाक्य, 6- इच्छावाचक वाक्य, 7-संकेतवाचक वाक्य, 8- संदेहवाचक वाक्य।

अन्य विकल्प: 

1. संदेहवाचक वाक्य - जिन वाक्यों में संदेह का बोध होता है, उन्हें संदेहवाचक वाक्य कहते हैं। 

उदाहरण- क्या वह यहाँ आ गया ? 2. संकेतवाचक वाक्य- जिन वाक्यों में किसी संकेत का बोध होता है, उन्हें संकेतवाचक वाक्य कहते हैं। 

उदाहरण- राम का मकान उधर है। 3. आज्ञावाचक वाक्य - वह वाक्य जिसके द्वारा किसी प्रकार की आज्ञा दी जाती है या प्रार्थना किया जाता है, वह आज्ञावाचक वाक्य कहलाता हैं। 

उदाहरण - बैठो।

Additional Information

• वाक्य - दो या दो से अधिक पदों के सार्थक समूह को, जिसका पूरा पूरा अर्थ निकलता है, वाक्य कहते हैं।
• सामान्य वाक्य में क्रमश: कर्ता, कर्म और क्रिया होते हैं।

दिये गए विकल्पों में से विकल्प 'अयोगवाह'  सही उत्तर है।

Key Points

अयोगवाह वर्ण-

• हिन्दी वर्णमाला में अनुस्वार ( ं ) को अं तथा विसर्ग (:) को अः के रूप में लिखा जाता है।
• इन्हें स्वर तथा व्यंजन की श्रेणी में न रखकर अयोगवाह कहा जाता है क्योंकि इनका उच्चारण किसी स्वर के बाद ही होता है अर्थात् इनके उच्चारण के पहले स्वर आता है, इसलिए इन्हें ‘अ’ आदि स्वरों के साथ संयुक्त करके ही लिखा जाता है।

अन्य विकल्प:

अंतस्थ​-

• य​,र,ल,व- ये चारों वर्ण जो कि स्पर्श तथा उष्म वर्णों के बीच में होते हैं।
• अंतस्थ वर्ण का उच्चारण स्वर और व्यंजन के मध्य होता है।

अनुस्वार - 

• अनुस्वार स्वर के बाद आने वाला व्यञ्जन है। इसकी ध्वनि नाक से निकलती है।
• हिंदी भाषा की लिपि में अनुस्वार का चिह्न बिंदु (.) के रूप में विभिन्न जगहों पर प्रयोग किया जाता है।
• अनुस्वार (ं) का प्रयोग पंचम वर्णों (ङ, ञ, ण, न, म ये पंचाक्षर कहलाए जाते हैं) के स्थान पर किया जाता है।

विसर्ग​-

• विसर्ग ( ः ) महाप्राण सूचक एक स्वर है।
• ब्राह्मी से उत्पन्न अधिकांश लिपियों में इसके लिये संकेत हैं।
• उदाहरण के लिये, रामः, प्रातः, अतः, सम्भवतः, आदि में अन्त में विसर्ग आया है।
• विसर्ग यह अपने आप में कोई अलग वर्ण नहीं है; वह केवल स्वराश्रित है।

 

Additional Information

Additional Information

Given:

Points: (4x, -2y)  and (2x, -4y)

Formula:

A = (x₁ , y₁)  and B = (x₂ , y₂)

Midpoint of line joining AB = [(x₁ + x₂)/2, (y₁ + y₂)/2]

Calculation:

According to the question,

The midpoint of the line joining given points

⇒ [(4x + 2x)/2, (-2y + (-4y))/2]

⇒ (3x, -3y)

∴ The midpoint of the line joining the points (4x,­ -2y) and (2x,­ -4y) is (3x, -3y).

Given:

ΔPQR and ΔSTR are equilateral triangles.

Calculation:

⇒ QR = 2RT

ΔPQR and ΔSTR are equilateral triangles, so their angles are of 60.

Triangles are similar triangles.

A(ΔPQR) : A(ΔSTR) = QR²/RT²

A(ΔPQR) : A(ΔSTR) = (2RT/RT)² = 4/1

∴ Ratio of areas of ΔPQR and ΔSTR is 4 : 1.

Given:

Variant values = 6, 4, 7, 13 and 10

Formula:

Mean = (Sum of observations)/(Number of observations)

Calculation:

Mean = (6 + 4 + 7 + 13 + 10)/5 = 8

∴ Sum of derivations of variant values = (-2) + (-4) + (-1) + 5 + 2 = 0

Given:

\(a^2+\dfrac{1}{a^2}=16\)

\(a^3+\dfrac{1}{a^3}=45\)

Formula:

a² + b² = (a + b)² - 2ab

a³ + b³ = (a + b)(a² - ab + b²)

Calculation:

⇒ a³ + 1/a³ = (a + 1/a)(a² - 1 + 1/a²)

⇒ 45 = (a + 1/a)(16 - 1)

∴ (a + 1/a) = 3

Given:

One equation  = -15x - 5y = 2

-15x - 5y - 2 = 0

Formula:

Two linear equation:

a1x + b1y + c1 = 0

a2x + b2y + c2 = 0

If,

a1/a2 = b1/b2 ≠ c1/c2,

Then this equation has no solution.

Calculation:

a1 = -15, a2 = -5 and c1 = -2

From options,

I: -15/3 ≠ -5/-4 ≠ -2/7

II: -15/3 = -5/1 ≠ -2/-3

III: -15/5 ≠ -5/-7 ≠ -2/-5

IV: -15/3 ≠ -5/-2 ≠ -2/-3

∴ Option II will form system of equation with -15x - 5y = 2 that has no solution.

Calculation:

∠ ABO = 90°

Radius is perpendicular to tangent.

∠ BOA and ∠ AOC are linear angles.

∠ BOA + ∠ AOC = 180º

∠ BOA = 180° - 110° = 70°

In Δ ABO right angled triangle,

∠ ABO + ∠ BOA + ∠ OAB = 180°

∴ ∠ OAB = 180° - 90° - 70° = 20°

Given:

? = [(1 - cosA)(1 + cosA)]/[(cosecA + 1)(cosecA - 1)

Identities:

sin²A + cos²A = 1

cosec²A = cot²A + 1

Calculation:

⇒ (1 - cosA)(1 + cosA) = 1 - cos²A = sin²A

⇒ (cosecA + 1)(cosecA - 1) = cosec²A - 1 = cot²A

⇒ ? = sin²A/cot²A

⇒ ? = 3/4 × 3

∴ ? = 9/4

Given:

Total number of clubs cards = 13

Remaining cards in a pack = 52 - 13 = 39

Formula used:

Combination ⁿC_r = n!/r!(n - r)!

Calculation:

Number of face cards in remaining cards = 9

According to the question,

⇒ ⁹C₁/³⁹C₁ = 9/39

⇒ 3/13

∴ The probability that the card drawn is a face card is 3/13.

Given:

4x² + 5(a - b)x + (a² + b² - 2ab) = 0

Calculation:

⇒ 4x² + 5(a - b)x + (a - b)² = 0

⇒ x² + 5x(a - b)/4 + (a - b)²/4 = 0

⇒ x² + 4x(a - b)/4 + (a - b)x/4 + (a - b)²/4 = 0

⇒ x(x + (a - b)) + [(a - b)/4](x + (a - b)) = 0

⇒ (x + (a - b))(x + (a - b)/4) = 0

⇒ x = -(a - b) = (b - a)

⇒ x = -(a - b)/4 = (b - a)/4

∴ Roots of quadratic equation = (b - a) or (b - a)/4

Given:

Two dices are rolled then -

Sample space

{(1,1)(1,2)(1,3)(1,4)(1,5)(1,6)

(2,1)(2,2)(2,3)(2,4)(2,5)(2,6)

(3,1)(3,2)(3,3)(3,4)(3,5)(3,6)

(4,1)(4,2)(4,3)(4,4)(4,5)(4,6)

(5,1)(5,2)(5,3)(5,4)(5,5)(5,6)

(6,1)(6,2)(6,3)(6,4)(6,5)(6,6)}

N(S) = 36

Formula used:

Probability P(A) = the number of favorable outcomes/total number of outcomes

Calculation:

According to the question,

Sample space

{(1,1)(1,2)(1,3)(1,4)(1,5)(1,6)

(2,1)(2,2)(2,3)(2,4)(2,5)(2,6)

(3,1)(3,2)(3,3)(3,4)(3,5)(3,6)

(4,1)(4,2)(4,3)(4,4)(4,5)(4,6)

(5,1)(5,2)(5,3)(5,4)(5,5)(5,6)

(6,1)(6,2)(6,3)(6,4)(6,5)(6,6)}

Number of outcomes when product is not a prime number = 30

{(1,1)(1,4)(1,6)

(2,2)(2,3)(2,4)(2,5)(2,6)

(3,2)(3,3)(3,4)(3,5)(3,6)

(4,1)(4,2)(4,3)(4,4)(4,5)(4,6)

(5,2)(5,3)(5,4)(5,5)(5,6)

(6,1)(6,2)(6,3)(6,4)(6,5)(6,6)}

Required probability = 30/36

⇒ 5/6

∴ Required Probability is 5/6

Given:

Three points = (0,8), (×,0) and (0,0)

Formula:

Distance formula = √[(×1 - ×2)² + (y1 - y2)²]

Calculation:

Length of sides of triangle -

First side = √[(0 - ×)² + (8 - 0)²] = √(ײ + 64)

Second side = √[(0 - 0)² + (8 - 0)²] = 8

Third side = √[(× - 0)² + (0 - 0)²] = ×

Then,

⇒ √(ײ + 64) + 8 + × = 24

⇒ √(ײ + 64) = 16 - ×

Squaring both sides,

⇒ ײ + 64 = 256 - 32× + ײ

∴ × = 6

Given:

Radius of cylindrical pillar = 25cm = 0.25m

Height of cylindrical pillar = 4m

Formula:

Curved area of cylinder = 2πrh

Calculation:

Curved surface area of one cylindrical pillar = 2 × 22/7 × 0.25 × 4 = 44/7  sq.m

Curved surface area of 7 pillars = 44 sq.m

∴ Cost of painting 7 pillars = 44 × 50 = Rs.2200

Given:

Two numbers = 2² × 3 × 5 and 2² × 7 × 5

Formula:

∴ LCM = 2² × 5 × 3 × 7 = 420

Given:

Point = (3,7)

Distance = 3 units

Formula:

Distance formula = √[(x1 - x2)² + (y1 - y2)²]

Calculation:

Let point on x axis be (a,0).

⇒ 3 = √[(a - 3)² + (0 - 7)²]

⇒ 9 = (a - 3)² + 49

⇒ a² - 6a + 49 = 0

∴ There will be zero point on x axis at a distance of 3 units from (3,7).

Given:

In Δ ABC, AB = AC

Calculation:

⇒ ∠ ABC = ∠ ACB

⇒ ∠ ABE = ∠ ACF

∠ A is a common angle between Δ ABE  and Δ ACF.

Δ ABE and Δ ACF are congruent triangles by ASA test.

By cpct,

⇒ AF = AE

∴ AF : AE = 1 : 1

Given:

f(x) = x² + 2ax + 4a² + c

Concept used:

If α and β are the two zeros of the quadratic polynomial ax2 + bx + c, then:

ax2 + bx + c = (x - α)(x - β) = x2 - (α + β)x + αβ = 0

Sum of roots = α + β = −b/a 

Product of roots = αβ = c/a

Calculation:

⇒ α + β = -2a/1

⇒ αβ = (4a² + c)/1

Then,

⇒ (α + β)² = α² + 2αβ + β²

⇒ α² + β² + αβ = (-2a)² - (4a² + c)

= 4a² - 4a² - c

= -c

∴ α² + β² + αβ = -c

Calculation:

Total number of students = 300

Median will lie in class in which (300/2 = 150) will lie.

Draw perpendicular from 150 to right cut curve, from this point on curve draw perpendicular to x axis.

Point where this perpendicular touches x axis, that is median, here it is 45.

∴ Median is 45.

Given:

∠CAB = 46°

Calculation:

∠BAD = 90°

∠CAD = 90° - 46° = 44°

Diagonals of rectangle are bisector at point M.

∠MAD = 44°

∠MDA = 44

AM = MD

∴ ∠ADB = 44°

Given:

Height of cylinder = 8m

Formula:

Curved surface area of cylinder = 2πrh

Area of circular base = πr²

Calculation:

⇒ 4 × 2πr² = 3 × 2πrh

⇒ r = 3h/4

⇒ r = 3/4 × 8 = 6m

∴ Radius of base is 6m.

Given:

Slant height = 15cm

Height of frustum = 12cm

Formula:

Slant height = √[(R - r)² + h²]

Calculation:

⇒ 15² = [(R - r)² + 12²]

⇒ (R - r)² = 225 - 144 = 81

⇒ (R - r) must be positive.

⇒ (R - r) = 9cm

∴ The difference between the radius of two circular bases is 9cm.

Calculation:

i) a = 5, d = 12 - 5 = 7

ii) a = 51, d = -6

∴ For both A.Ps there is Nth value is not given, so we cant find n.

Given:

The total surface area of hemisphere = 108π

Formula:

The surface area of hemisphere = 3πr²

Calculation:

According to the question,

⇒ 108π = 3πr²

⇒ r = 6cm

⇒ Diameter = 2 r = 2 × 6 

⇒ 12 cm

∴ Diameter of hemisphere is 12cm

Confusion PointsTotal surface area of hemisphere

A = Area of curved sruface + Area of circular face

⇒ A = 2πr² + πr² = 3πr²

Given:

⇒ a + 2b + 3c = 0

Calculation:

⇒ a + 2b = -3c

⇒ (a + 2b)/c = -3

And,

⇒ 2b + 3c = -a

⇒ (2b + 3c)/a = -1

And,

⇒ (a + 3c) = -2b

⇒ (a + 3c)/b = -2

Then,

⇒ ? = (a + 2b)/c + (2b + 3c)/a + (a + 3c)/b

⇒ ? = -3 - 1 - 2

∴ ? = -6

Given:

? = 2²⁶ × 2³⁰ - 4¹³ × 4¹⁵

Formula:

a^m × aⁿ = a^{m + n}

Calculation:

⇒ ? = 2^{(26 + 30)} - 4^{(13 + 15)}

⇒ ? = 2⁵⁶ - 4²⁸

⇒ ? = 2⁵⁶ - 2²⁽²⁸⁾

∴ ? = 0

Concept:

Quadratic equation is an alegebraic expression of second degree in x.

Calculation:

From option: after simplification -

I) 2x² - x³ + 1 = 0

II) 4x⁴ - 8x² + 1 = 0

III) x³ - 3x + 1 = 0

IV) x² - 4x + 2 = 0

∴ From above, option 4 is a quadratic equation with x variable.

The correct answer is 'from one place to other' i.e. this part of the sentence has an error.

Key Points

• In the given sentence, the use of the adjective 'other' is incorrect.
• The adjective 'other' means in addition to or different from the one or ones that have already been mentioned.
• The determiner 'another' should be used in place of the adjective 'other'.
• The determiner 'another' means a different thing or person.

Hence, the correct answer is option 4.

Correct sentence: During a rainstorm, mud rivulets formed on the side of a hill move soil from one place to another.

• दिए गए वाक्य में adjective 'other' का प्रयोग गलत है।
• Adjective 'other' का अर्थ पहले से उल्लेख किए गए एक या एक से अलग है।
• Adjective 'other' के स्थान पर determiner 'another' का प्रयोग किया जाना चाहिए।
• Determiner 'another' का अर्थ भिन्न वस्तु या व्यक्ति होता है।

अत: सही उत्तर विकल्प 4 है।

सही वाक्य: During a rainstorm, mud rivulets formed on the side of a hill move soil from one place to another.

The correct answer is 'Peacefully.'

Key Points

• The last sentence of the second paragraph says "On the other hand, girls tend to play more cooperatively, and I think more peacefully''. (दूसरे पैराग्राफ का अंतिम वाक्य कहता है, "दूसरी ओर, लड़कियां अधिक सहकारी रूप से खेलती हैं, अधिक शांति से")
• From the above sentence, we can say that the author describe the way the girls play as peacefully. (उपरोक्त वाक्य से हम कह सकते हैं कि लेखक ने लड़कियों के खेलने के तरीके को शांतिपूर्वक वर्णित किया है)

Hence, the only possible answer is option 3.

The correct answer is 'Either you confess your fault or you will be severely punished.'

• The given sentence says to avoid some extreme punishment you have to admit that you have done something bad or wrong.
• Therefore, it is clear that ''Either you confess your fault or you will be severely punished'' is the most appropriate answer.
• The first option has the same meaning as the given sentence.
• Let us explore the other options:
• The second and the third options say even if you confess your fault you will be extremely punished.
• The fourth option says confess your fault otherwise you will be escaped completely from any type of punishment.

Hence, the correct answer is option 1.

Correct Sentence: Either you confess your fault or you will be severely punished.

• दिया गया वाक्य कहता है कि कुछ अत्यधिक सजा से बचने के लिए आपको यह स्वीकार करना होगा कि आपने कुछ बुरा या गलत किया है।
• इसलिए, यह स्पष्ट है कि ''या ​​तो आप अपनी गलती स्वीकार कर लें या आपको कड़ी सजा दी जाएगी'' सबसे उपयुक्त उत्तर है।
• पहले विकल्प का वही अर्थ है जो दिए गए वाक्य में है।
• आइए दिए गए विकल्पों का पता लगाएं:
• दूसरा और तीसरा विकल्प कहता है कि अगर आप अपनी गलती मान भी लेते हैं तो भी आपको अत्यधिक सजा दी जाएगी।
• चौथा विकल्प कहता है कि अपनी गलती स्वीकार करें अन्यथा आप किसी भी प्रकार की सजा से पूरी तरह बच जाएंगे।

अत: सही उत्तर विकल्प 1 है ।

सही वाक्य: Either you confess your fault or you will be severely punished.

The correct answer is 'By using weapons.'

Key Points

• The second sentence of the second paragraph says "Boys, for example, tend to play games that involve competition, particularly using some kind of weapon, a sword or a gun". (दूसरे पैराग्राफ का दूसरा वाक्य कहता है, "उदाहरण के लिए, लड़के ऐसे खेल खेलते हैं जिनमें प्रतिस्पर्धा शामिल होती है, विशेष रूप से किसी प्रकार के हथियार, तलवार या बंदूक का उपयोग करना")
• This statement indicates that boys typically express their competitive and potentially violent nature in play by using weapons such as swords or guns.

Hence, the only possible answer is option 1.

The correct answer is She said she wished her children would eat without a fuss.

Key Points

• The given sentence is a direct speech.
• The basic rules for changing or converting direct speech into indirect speech:​
• The commas, inverted commas, and the exclamation mark are removed.
• The first-person pronoun ''I'' becomes the third-person pronoun ''she'', the first-person pronoun ''my'' becomes the third-person pronoun ''her''.
• The present simple tense format 'Subject + V1 (wish) + Object' will be changed into the past simple tense format 'Subject + V2 (wished) + Object'.

Hence, the correct answer is option 2.

Confusion Points

• You may think either said or wished should be used.
• But we need to select our answers as per the options given.
• Option 4 is wrong because 'has' cannot be used as the indirect speech should be in the simple past tense.
• Thus, the correct answer is Option 2.

Additional Information

• The following table will enable us to know how tense changes into Indirect speech:-

 

• दिया गया वाक्य direct speech है।
• Direct speech को indirect speech में बदलने या बदलने के लिए बुनियादी नियम:
• Commas, inverted commas और exclamation mark हटा दिए जाते हैं।
• The first-person pronoun ''I'', third-person pronoun ''she'' बन जाता है, first-person pronoun ''my'' third-person pronoun ''her'' बन जाता है।
• Present simple tense format 'Subject + V1 (wish) + Object' को past simple tense format 'Subject + V2 (wished) + ing + Object' में बदल दिया जाएगा।

अत: सही उत्तर विकल्प 2 है।

The correct answer is 'Superman or Batman.'

Key Points

• The second sentence of the first paragraph says "The girls end up playing in a little space, they have a house corner, and the girls end up in the house corner, or over in the book corner, which is clearly defined spaces where boys don’t run around, whereas the rest of the space is taken up by boys running around attacking each other, being Superman or Batman".
• From the above sentence, we can say that the boys like to be identified as Superman or Batman. (उपरोक्त वाक्य से हम कह सकते हैं कि लड़कों को सुपरमैन या बैटमैन के रूप में पहचाना जाना पसंद है)

Hence, the only possible answer is option 4.