MP Patwari Group-2 (Sub Group-4) 2022 Official Paper (Held On: 24 Mar, 2023 Shift 2) (Previous Year Paper)

The correct answer is  Chanderi 

Key Points

• The Jama Masjid at Chanderi bears three marble domes and does not have miners like all other mosques.
• The foundations of this Jama Masjid were laid during the reign of Ghyasuddin Balban.
• The mosque imbibes leaf ornament decorations and floral and geometrical patterns.
• The mosque has a capacity of 200 people and is one of the oldest mosques in the region.

Additional Information 

• Some other important archaeological sites of Chanderi are as follows-
• Ahmednagar Sultan's tomb- situated on Chanderi Mungaoli road, is the tomb of saint Sheikh Raji's wife and was built in Mughal style.
• Kirti Durg- constructed in the 11th century by Gurjar Pratihar king Kritipal. It provided safe heaven to chanderi kings for centuries.
• Nizamuddin Family Tombs- these are tombs of followers of the Chisti Nizamia sect. it was constructed in 1425 during the rule of Hoshung Shah Ghori's minister Malik Salar.
• Battisi Bawdi- is square in shape and its stairs have Arabic and Persian inscriptions. It was constructed during the time of Ghyasuddin Khilji.
• Maharaja Devi Singh Bundela Chhateri - Built in 1663 and it is a three-story building decorated with a mosque arched.

The correct answer is Prabhakar Vardhan

Key Points

• Prabhakar Vardhan assumed the title of Param Bhattaraka Maharajadhiraja.
• Prabhakarvardhan was the king of Thaneshwer.
• He was the first notable ruler of the Pushyabhuti dynasty.
• Prabhakarvardhan was the father of King Harsha Vardhan.

Important Points

• Pushyabhuti Dynasty
• The book Harshacharita written by Bana mentions the dynasty.
• The dynasty ruled north and northwestern India.
• Harsha or Harshavardhana  ruled from 606 to 647 CE.
• The capital was Sthanvishvara (modern Thanesar, Haryana). Later Harsha shifted it to Kanyakubja (modern Kannauj, Uttar Pradesh).
• The dynasty ended after the death of Harsha as he had no heirs.

The correct answer is ​Milk and its products

Key Points

• The Rigvedic Aryans consumed both vegetarian and non-vegetarian food.
• Curd, ghee, and butter made from milk were used on a large scale.
• Different types of dishes were made from grains and milk.
• Barley was very important in food.
• Roasted grains were grinded and consumed by making sattu.
• Oatmeal (karambh) was also eaten by the people.
• Karambh was the favorite food of the Pushan god.
• Kheer (Sreerpakam odanam) was prepared by cooking grains in milk.
• These people used fruits and vegetables.
• Samish food was mainly cooked on the occasion of celebrations or family gatherings.
• On the arrival of the guest, the meat of a fat calf was cooked, from which the guest was also called Godhan.

The correct answer is ​Ram Prasad Bismil

Key Points

• Ram Prasad Bismil
• He Was born on 11th June 1897, in a village in Uttar Pradesh’s Shahjahanpur district to Murlidhar and Moolmati.
• He Was among the most noteworthy Indian freedom fighters who resisted British colonial forces till his last breath.
• Joined the Arya Samaj founded by Dayananda Saraswati in 1875. This had a profound influence on him, he often employed poetry as his weapon of choice in the fight against the imperialist forces.
• The ideals of a revolution first took root in his mind when he read about the death sentence awarded to Bhai Parmanand, an Indian nationalist and Arya Samaj missionary.
• He was all of 18 then and vented his anguish through his poem ‘Mera Janm’.
• Believed that freedom cannot be achieved without violence, bloodshed, which meant his views were in stark contrast to Mahatma Gandhi’s ideals of ‘ahimsa’.
• Formed organization Matrivedi and got in touch with Genda Lal Dixit, a school teacher.
• Both shared revolutionary ideas and wanted to organize the youth of the country to fight the British government.
• Bismil was one of the chief founders of the Hindustan Republican Association (HRA) along with Sachindra Nath Sanyal and Jadugopal Mukherjee.
• HRA was founded in 1924 and its constitution was drafted chiefly by Bismil.

Additional Information

• Major Cases:
• He Was involved in the Mainpuri Conspiracy of 1918 in which police found a few young people including Bismil selling books that were not prescribed by the government.
• Published a pamphlet titled ‘Deshwasiyo ke Naam’ and distributed it along with his poem ‘Mainpuri ki Pratigya’.
• To collect funds for the parties, they looted government coffers.
• He escaped arrest by jumping into the Yamuna River.
• In 1925, Bismil and his companions Chandrasekhar Azad and Ashfaqulla Khan decided to loot a train in Kakori near Lucknow.
• They were successful in their attempt but were arrested alongside a dozen other HRA members within a month of the attack and tried under the Kakori Conspiracy Case.
• The legal process lasted 18 months. Bismil, Lahiri, Khan, and Thakur Roshan Singh were awarded death sentences.

The Correct Answer is Kandariya Temple

Key Points

• The Kandariya Mahadeva Temple:
• The Kandariya Mahadeva Temple "the Great God of the Cave" is the largest and most ornate Hindu temple in the medieval temple group found at Khajuraho in Madhya Pradesh. Hence, Option 2 is correct.
• Kandariya Mahadeo temple at Khajuraho is the epitome of temple architecture in Central India.
• The Kandariya Mahadeva temple was built during the reign of Vidyadhara (r. c. 1003-1035 CE).
• Khajuraho’s temples are also known for their extensive erotic sculptures.
• The Lakshmana temple of Khajuraho, dedicated to Vishnu, was built in 954 by the Chandela king, Dhana.
• It is a nagara temple placed on a high platform accessed by stairs.

Additional Information

• Khajuraho’s temples are also known for their extensive erotic sculptures.
• The Lakshmana temple of Khajuraho, dedicated to Vishnu, was built in 954 by the Chandela king, Dhana.
• It is a nagara temple placed on a high platform accessed by stairs.

• The correct answer is Sidhi.

Key Points 

• The Tiger Reserve comprises Sanjay National Park and the Dubri Wildlife Sanctuary.
• Both of which cover more than 831 sq.km and are located in Sidhi District.
• The area with its large size and rich biodiversity, is well-known.
• It has Sal, Bamboo and mixed forests.
• The reserve is part of the Bandhavgarh-Sanjay-Guru Ghasidas-Palamau landscape, and has been identified as one of four potential tiger meta-populations landscapes which require conservation inputs.
• The terrain of Dubri sanctuary is almost plain while that of Sanjay National Park is undulating.

Additional InformationTiger Reserves of Madhya Pradesh:

Kanha Tiger Reserve:

• The park is located in the Maikal Hills of the Satpuras and is known for its lush green forests, open grasslands, and rocky ravines.
• Kanha Tiger Reserve was established in 1955 and was declared a tiger reserve in 1973.

Bandhavgarh Tiger Reserve:

• The park is located in the Vindhya Mountains.
• Bandhavgarh Tiger Reserve was established in 1968 and was declared a tiger reserve in 1993.

Pench Tiger Reserve:

• Pench Tiger Reserve is a national park and tiger reserve located in the Satpura Range of Madhya Pradesh, India.
• Pench Tiger Reserve was established in 1973 and is a popular tourist destination

Panna Tiger Reserve:

• Panna Tiger Reserve is a national park located in the Panna and Chhatarpur districts of Madhya Pradesh, India.
• It was declared in 1994 as the twenty second Tiger reserve of India and the fifth in Madhya Pradesh.

Satpura Tiger Reserve:

• Satpura Tiger Reserve is a tiger reserve and national park located in the Narmadapuram district of Madhya Pradesh, India.
• The reserve was established in 1981 and was declared a tiger reserve in 2000.

The correct answer is 1945

Key Points

• Madhavrao Jivajirao Scindia (10 March 1945 – 30 September 2001) was an Indian politician and a minister in the Government of India.
• He was a member of the Indian National Congress party.
• Scindia was the son of Jiwajirao Scindia, the last ruling Maharaja of the princely state of Gwalior during the British Raj.
• Upon the death of his father in 1961, and under terms agreed to during the political integration of India, Scindia succeeded to a privy purse, certain privileges, and the use of the title "Maharaja of Gwalior," which lasted until 1971, whereupon all were abolished by the 26th Amendment to the Constitution of India.
• Madhavrao Scindia died at the age of 56, in a plane crash in Motta village, which is on the outskirts of Mainpuri district of Uttar Pradesh, on 30 September 2001.

The answer is Mars

Key Points

• NASA's robotic Mars InSight lander had recorded a likely Mars quake for the first time ever.
• The US space agency said the faint seismic signal, detected by the lander's Seismic instrument, was recorded on April 6, 2019.
• This is the first recorded trembling that appears to have come from inside the planet, as opposed to being caused by forces above the surface, such as wind.

Additional Information 

• About NASA: (as of June 2023)
• NASA stands for National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
• NASA is a U.S. government agency that is responsible for science and technology related to air and space.
• The Space Age started in 1957 with the launch of the Soviet satellite Sputnik.
• NASA opened for business on Oct. 1, 1958.
• The agency was created to oversee U.S. space exploration and aeronautics research.
• Headquarter: Washington, D.C., United States
• Current CEO: Bill Nelson

The correc t answer is hosh vāloñ ko ḳhabar kyā be-ḳhudī kyā chiiz hai

Key Points

• Nida Fazil
• Nida Fazli (12 October 1938 - 8 February 2016) also known as Muqtida Hasan Nida Fazli, was a well-known Hindi and Urdu poet, lyricist, and dialogue writer from India.
• Nida was motivated to start writing poetry by the beautiful beauty of the Pad, which spoke of the tight connection and bond between people.
• In 1969, he released the first volume of his poetry in Urdu.
• List of his famous Poetry
• Duniya ek khilona hai
• Lafzon ka Phool
• Khoya Hua Sa Kach
• Mor Naach
• The Indian government honoured him with the Padma Shri in 2013 for his contributions to literature.

Additional Information 

• For Khoya Hua Sa Kuch, Nida Fazli was awarded the 1998 Sahitya Akademi Prize in Urdu.
• For his writings on societal harmony, he also received the National Harmony Award.
• He published 24 novels in Urdu, Hindi, and Gujarati, some of which are used as Maharashtra school textbooks.
• The Madhya Pradesh government presented him with the Mir Taqi Mir award for his autobiographical book Deewaron Ke Bich.
• Ek Atoot Bandhan is a book which is written by Ratnesh Kumar. ​

Important PointsOther Options:

The correct answer is ‘France’

Key Points 

• Elisabeth Borne was appointed France's new prime minister to become the second woman to hold the post in the country.
• Borne, 61, succeeds Jean Castex, whose resignation was expected after President Emmanuel Macron's reelection last month.
• Borne is the second woman to hold the position after Edith Cresson, who was prime minister from 1991-to 1992 under Socialist President Francois Mitterrand.
• She has served as Labor Minister in Macron's previous government since 2020.
• Prior to that, she was transport minister and then minister of ecological Transition, also under Macron.
• In France, it's common for presidents to have more than one prime minister during their terms.
• Macron also promised a bill addressing the rising cost of living in France, where food and energy prices are surging.
• Macron also promised that the new prime minister would be directly in charge of "green planning," seeking to accelerate France's implementation of climate-related policies.

Additional Information

The correct answer is CD Deshmukh

Key Points

• The Reserve Bank of India was established on April 1, 1935, in accordance with the provisions of the Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934.
• RBI was originally privately owned, since nationalisation in 1949, the Reserve Bank is fully owned by the Government of India.
• Osborne Smith(non Indian) was the first governor of RBI.
• C. D. Deshmukh was the 3rd governor of RBI but its first Indian governor.
• Benegal Rama Rau was the 4th governor of RBI and 2nd Indian governor.
• Shaktikanta Das is the present and 25th governor of RBI.

Additional Information

• RBI  was set up on the recommendation of the Hilton Young Commission also called the Royal Commission in 1926.
• RBI Act was passed in the year - 1934
• RBI was established on 1st April 1935.
• RBI was nationalized on 1st January 1949.
• RBI issues all currency notes except one rupee.
• The signature of the RBI Governor on the notes is in English and Hindi.
• The currency notes except one rupee hold the signature of the RBI Governor.
• One rupee holds the signature of the Finance Secretary.

Important Points 

• The first Governor of RBI -  Sir Osborne Smith
• The first Indian Governor of RBI - C. D. Deshmukh
• The longest-serving RBI Governor - Benegal Rama Rao
• The Indian Prime Minister who had served as RBI Governor - Dr. Manmohan Singh
• Present and 25h Governor of RBI - Shakthikanta Das
• Deputy Governors of RBI - Michael Patra, M. Rajeshwar Rao, T. Ravi Shankar & Swaminathan Jankiraman
• Headquarter - Mumbai

The correct answer is Gwalior.

Key Points

• Atal Bihari Vajpayee Indian Institute of Information Technology and Management is located at Gwalior in Madhya Pradesh.
• It is an autonomous institute set by the Ministry of Human Resources and Development, GOI in 1997.
• Initially commenced as IITM, and prefix ABV was added in 2002 to honour former PM Atal Bihari Vajpayee.
• Prof. Sri Niwas Singh is the present Director and Shri Deepak Ghaisas is the present chairman of this institute.

Important Points

• Note that it is recognized as an Institute of National importance.
• The Institute of national importance is a status conferred by an act of the Parliament of India.

Additional Information

Some major institutes of MP:

• State Institute of Health Management and Communication - Gwalior (2012)
• Indian Institute of Forest Management- Bhopal (1982)
• Indian Institute of Tourism and Travel Management- Gwalior (1983)
• Indian Institute of Science Education and Research- Bhopal (2008)
• National Institute of Fashion Technology- Bhopal
• Indian Institue of Information Technology, Design and Manufacturing- Jabalpur (2005)
• Indian Institute of Management (IIM) - Indore (1996)
• Indian Institute of Technology (IIT)- Indore (2009)

The correct answer is 931

Key Points Sex Ratio:

• According to the census data of the year 2011, the sex ratio of Madhya Pradesh is 931.
• Whereas in the 2001 census, the sex ratio of the state was 919, i.e. the sex ratio has increased by 12 in the last decade.
• Sex ratio is the number of females per 1000 males in a geographical area.
• (Total No. of Females) / (Total No. of Males) x 100
• Despite the improvement, Madhya Pradesh still lags behind the national sex ratio of India, which is 940 females per 1000 males.​

Important Points

• The government of Madhya Pradesh has taken several initiatives to address this issue and improve the status of women in the state.
• ​Beti Bachao Beti Padhao (BBBP) campaign:
• The BBBP campaign was launched in Madhya Pradesh in 2015 to address the issue of declining child sex ratio and to promote the education of girls.
• The campaign aims to create awareness about the importance of girl child and encourage parents to send their daughters to school.
• Laadli Laxmi Yojana:
• This is a cash incentive scheme launched by the Madhya Pradesh government in 2007.
• The scheme provides financial assistance to parents who have a girl child.
• The amount of assistance ranges from Rs. 5,000 to Rs. 1 lakh, depending on the girl's age and education level.
• Mukhya Mantri Kanyadan Yojana:
• This scheme was launched in 2006 to promote the marriage of girls from economically weaker sections.
• Under this scheme, the government provides financial assistance to the parents of the bride to meet the expenses of the marriage.
• Janani Suraksha Yojana:
• This scheme was launched in 2005 to promote institutional deliveries and reduce maternal and infant mortality rates.
• Under this scheme, pregnant women are provided free transportation to reach the hospital for delivery, and they also receive financial assistance for delivery and postnatal care.
• Self-help groups:
• The Madhya Pradesh government has promoted the formation of self-help groups (SHGs) among women in rural areas.
• These SHGs provide a platform for women to come together, share their experiences, and support each other.
• They also help women to acquire skills and start their own businesses.
• These initiatives have helped to raise awareness about the importance of the girl child and promote the education and welfare of girls in Madhya Pradesh.

The correct answer is The Indus Valley people were not acquainted with the art of spinning and weaving

Key Points

• The Indus Valley people were very familiar with the art of spinning and weaving. In fact, they were some of the earliest people in the world to develop this skill.
• There is evidence of spinning and weaving in the Indus Valley civilization from as early as 3300 BCE. This evidence includes spindle whorls, which are small, weighted objects that were used to spin yarn, and loom weights, which were used to keep the warp threads taut in a loom.
• John Marshall was the first researcher to use the term, ‘Indus Valley Civilization’.
• Indus Valley Civilization spread from the year 2500 – 1750 BC according to radio-carbon dating.
• Indus Valley Civilization is Bronze Age Civilization.
• The most distinctive feature of the Harappan Civilization was its urbanization.
• Moreover, sheep and goats, dogs, humped cattle buffalo, and elephants were domesticated in the Indus Valley Civilization.
• The capital cities are Mohenjodaro and Harappa.

Additional Information

Some important features of architectures in the Indus Valley Civilization :

• Urban Cities - Remarkable town planning, and an excellent system of drainage and sanitation.
• Large cities divided into two parts-The ‘Citadel’ mound built on the high podium of mud-brick to the west. The town to the east was the main hub of the residential area, which was also surrounded by a massive brick wall.
• Streets - Fine drainage system, Well-arranged water supply system, The street lights system, Watch and ward arrangement during the night to oust the lawbreakers, Particular places to throw thrash and waste material, Public wells in every street, Well in every house, Main streets varying for 9 feet to as wide as 30-34 feet and were divided into networks of narrow lanes with great skills of dividing the cities.
• Building Materials - No stone-built house in the Indus cities and the staircases of big buildings were solid; the roofs were flat and were made of wood.
• Material used - Burnt bricks and Sun-dried bricks
• Drainage System - Advanced drainage and sanitation system. Each house had horizontal and vertical drains and the house drains were connected with road drains. There were underground drains for the streets and there drains were shielded by stone slabs. Bricks were used to make the soak pits.
• Great Granary - Great granary at Harappa measuring 169 fit x 135 fits. Attached to the granary were two-roomed tenements with a common courtyard.
• Great Bath -The overall dimension of the Great Public Bath is 180 feet by 108 feet. The bathing pool measured about 39 feet by 23 feet with 8 feet depth. There is a device to fill and empty the water of the bathing pool and the bathing pools were encircled with galleries and rooms.
• The urban planning of the Harappan has become a landmark for contemporary civilization and we can get a hint of the modern-day swimming pools and storehouses from their concept of bathing pools and granaries.
• Overall the Harappa town planning was very scientific and clearly indicates that the Harappan were chiefly urban people.

Thus , The Indus Valley people were not acquainted with the art of spinning and weaving is an wrong statement

The correct answer is Supply is equal to the demand

Key Points

• Supply and demand curves intersect at the equilibrium price. This is the price at which we would predict the market will operate.
• The word equilibrium means balance. If a market is at its equilibrium price and quantity, then it has no reason to move away from that point.
• However, if a market is not at equilibrium, then economic pressures arise to move the market toward the equilibrium price and the equilibrium quantity.
• If the price is above the equilibrium level, then the quantity supplied will exceed the quantity demanded. Excess supply or a surplus will exist. In either case, economic pressures will push the price toward the equilibrium level.
• If the price is below the equilibrium price, there will be excess demand for the product (shortage of supply), since the quantity demanded exceeded the quantity supplied, meaning consumers are willing to buy more than producers are willing to sell.

The correct answer is Balaghat

Key Points 

• Balaghat district is a district of Madhya Pradesh state in Central India. The town of Balaghat serves as its administrative headquarters.
• Balaghat is known for its tile factories, rice mills and forests.
• Balaghat District is located in the southern part of Jabalpur Division.
• Balaghat District is bounded by Mandla District of Madhya Pradesh to the north, Dindori District to the northwest, Rajnandgaon District of Chhattisgarh state to the east, Gondia and Bhandara districts of Maharashtra state to the south, and Seoni District of Madhya Pradesh to the west.
• Balaghat District is currently a part of the Red Corridor.

Additional Information Harda

• Harda District is a district of Madhya Pradesh state of central India.
• The town of Harda is the district headquarters. The district is part of Narmadapuram Division. Harda district was organized in 1998.Harda is also known as 'Hridaynagar

Khandwa

• Khandwa district, formerly known as the East Nimar district, is a district of the Madhya Pradesh state in central India.
• The city of Khandwa is the administrative headquarters of the district. Other notable towns in the district include Mundi, Harsud, Pandhana and Omkareshwar.

Hoshangabad

• Hoshangabad district, officially Narmadapuram district, is one of the districts of Madhya Pradesh state of India, and Hoshangabad city is the district headquarters.

The correct answer is Umaria

Key Points

• Bandhavgarh National Park is a famous Tiger Reserve located in Madhya Pradesh, India.
• The  Umaria district is Nearest to Bandhavgarh Tiger Reserve
• It was declared a national park in 1968 and then became Tiger Reserve in 1993.
• The Tiger Reserve is Known for the healthy population of tigers and a variety of herbivores.

Additional Information

• Madhya Pradesh was declared the Tiger State in 2019.
• This state has the highest population of tigers in India with a total of 526 tigers.
• Madhya Pradesh
• ​Capital - Bhopal
• CM - Shivraj Singh Chouhan
• Governor- Mangubhai C. Patel

The correct answer is Sulman Rushdie.

Key Points

• Two Years Eight Months and Twenty - Eight Nights is a book written by Sulman Rushdie.
• Other famous books by Salman Rushdie: Midnight's Children, The Satanic Verses, The Moor's Last Sigh etc.

Additional Information

 

Important Points

Some Important Books & Authors

The correct answer is The President 

Key Points

• The joint sitting of the Parliament is called by the President of India (Article 108).
• The Speaker of the Lok Sabha or, in their absence, the Deputy Speaker of the Lok Sabha or, in their absence, the Deputy Chairman of the Rajya Sabha rule over it.
• The joint session is not presided over by the Chairperson of the Rajya Sabha, who is also the Vice President of India.
• If any of the aforementioned officers are not present, any other member of Parliament may preside by unanimous consent of both Houses.

Additional Information 

• Joint Sitting of Indian parliament has been called for only 3 bills that have been passed at joint sessions::
• Dowry Prohibition Bill, 1961
• Banking Service Commission (Repeal) Bill, 1978
• Prevention of Terrorism Bill, 2002

The correct answer is "Rajasthan".

Key Points

• The Chambal river is the chief tributary of the Yamuna River and rises in the Vindhya Range just south of Mhow, western Madhya Pradesh state.
• Left bank tributaries of Chambal river: Banas River, Mej River, Retam River, Parwati River
• Right bank tributaries if Chambal river: Parbati River, Kali Sindh River, Shipra River

Additional Information

• The Banas River is the largest tributary of the Chambal River. It originates in the Aravalli Range in Rajasthan and flows for 512 kilometers (318 mi) before joining the Chambal River near Rameshwar.
• The Parbati River is another major tributary of the Chambal River. It originates in the Vindhya Range in Madhya Pradesh and flows for 458 kilometers (284 mi) before joining the Chambal River near Kota.

Important Points 

The correct answer is "​This issue was brought up by the review officer during the meeting."

Key Points 

• "This issue" is the object in the original sentence that becomes the subject in the passive voice sentence.
• "Was brought up" is a be verb ('was') acting in the past simple tense, paired with a past participle ('brought up'). This corresponds appropriately to "brought up" in the active sentence.
• "By" typically introduces the 'agent' in passive voice sentences.
• "The review officer" is the subject in the original sentence that becomes the agent in the passive sentence.
• "During the meeting" is an adverbial phrase providing additional context.

Therefore, the correct answer is "Option 2".

The correct answer is "My favourite movie was being watched by me yesterday."

Key Points 

• "My favourite movie" originally serves as the object in the active sentence and is now the subject in the passive voice sentence.
• "Was being watched" is a form of the be verb in this case 'was being', in past continuous tense, and 'watched', a past participle. This accurately corresponds to "was watching" in the active sentence.
• "By" is typically used in passive-voice sentences to introduce the agent.
• "Me" is the subject in the original, active sentence, which is now the agent in the passive voice sentence.
• "Yesterday" is a time clause that gives additional context.

Therefore, the correct answer is "Option 1".

The correct answer is "Worse than what the WHO recommends."

Key Points

This sentence structure is suitable due to the following reasons:

• "Worse" is used correctly as the comparative form of "bad". We use "worse" when comparing two things. Here, it's comparing air quality in many of the world's megacities with what the WHO recommends.
• "Than" is the right word to use in making comparisons. The word "than" always follows the comparative form of an adjective, which in this case is "worse".
• "What the WHO recommends" is a noun clause, acting as the object of the preposition "than". It's the standard against which the air quality is being compared.

Therefore, the correct answer is "Option 3".

Correct Sentence: Air quality in many of the world's megacities is five times worse than what the WHO recommends.

The correct answer is "To reveal a secret".

Key Points Let's understand the meaning of the given idiom:

• The phrase "spill the beans" is an idiom that means to disclose secret or hidden information, often inadvertently or because of pressure.
• For Example - After a lot of coaxing, Sarah finally spilled the beans about her surprise birthday party plan for Mark.

Therefore, the correct answer is "Option 1".

The correct answer is shook them off.

Key Points

• In the context of the sentence**, shook them off** is the correct option.
• It means getting rid of it or freeing oneself from it.
• Here, she shook them off suggests that she freed herself from the others' attempts to change her mind.
• It conveys a figurative sense of getting rid of or dismissing the pressure or attempts by others to change her mind.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 1.

Correct Sentence: The others pressed her to change her mind, but she shook them off.

The correct answer is "We offered Himanshu a huge salary to become team manager in the company."

Key Points 

• In the given sentence, the action is performed on the subject 'Himanshu'. This sentence is in passive voice.
• The structure of the passive voice sentence is:
• [Subject + Verb (to be) + Past Participle + by + Agent + Complement]
• When we convert this into active voice we need to move the 'agent' ('us' in this case) to the position of the subject, and the 'subject' of the passive sentence ('Himanshu') to the position of direct object in the active sentence.
• The 'to be verb + past participle' is replaced with the appropriate tense of the action verb (in this case, 'offered').
• The structure used here for the active voice sentence is:
• [Subject + Verb + Direct Object + Complement]

​Therefore, the correct answer is "Option 1".

The correct answer is "Cheating is only done by stupid or lazy people," said the teacher.

Key Points

• In this option, the sentence maintains the original meaning and structure of the reported speech while changing it from direct speech to indirect speech.
• The introductory phrase "The teacher said that" is replaced with "said the teacher,".
• The verb tense remains consistent.
• The word "only" is accurately placed in the reported speech, and the qualities of being "stupid or lazy" are retained, preserving the speaker's intended message.

Therefore, the correct answer is "Option 2".

The correct answer is "He told his mother that he wanted her to see his house sometime."

Key Points

• The reporting verb "said" is changed to "told," and the word "that" is introduced to connect the reporting verb with the reported speech.
• The pronoun "I" becomes "he" to match the third-person perspective.
• Furthermore, the verb tense also needs to be adjusted.
• In this case, the verb "want" changes from the present tense to the past tense "wanted" because the reporting of the statement is also happening in the past.
• The infinitive form "to see" remains unchanged.

Therefore, the correct answer is "Option 3".

The correct answer is "Filthy".

Key Points

• The most appropriate word to fill in the blank is "Filthy".
• "Filthy" means extremely dirty or unpleasant, and in this context, it's used metaphorically to describe a person's mood as being negative, irritable, or foul.

Therefore, the correct answer is "Option 2."

Correct Sentence: He was in a filthy mood.

Additional Information Let's understand the meanings of the other given options:

• Cheerfully - It means in a happy or joyful manner.
• Average - It means typical or ordinary.
• Brightly - It means with brightness or vividness.

The correct answer is "Recommend".

Key Points

• "Recommend" is the correct spelling.
• It means to suggest, endorse, or advise someone to do something or to consider something favorably.

​​​Therefore, the correct answer is "Option 1".

Additional Information

• Here are the correct spellings and meanings of the above words:
• "Recommend" is spelled correctly.
• Meaning: To endorse or suggest as a course of action or as appropriate, valuable, or beneficial.
• "Privilege" is the correct spelling for "Priviledge"
• Meaning: A special right, advantage, or immunity granted or available only to a particular person or group of people.
• "Publicly" is the correct spelling for "Publicaly"
• Meaning: In a way that is open and observable; not secretly or confidentially.
• "Possession" is the correct spelling for "Possesion"
• Meaning: The state of having, owning, or controlling something; an item of property; something belonging to one.

The correct answer is "Meagre".

Key Points Let's understand the meaning of the given and the marked word:

• Extravagant - Spending money or resources in a wasteful or excessive manner; characterized by excessive or unnecessary luxury, often beyond what is reasonable or practical.
• For Example - She hosted an extravagant party with gourmet food, live entertainment, and luxurious decorations.
• Meagre - Lacking in quantity, quality, or substance; insufficient or inadequate in amount.
• For Example - The hiker's backpack contained only a meagre supply of water and a few energy bars for the long journey ahead.

Therefore, the correct answer is "Option 3".

Additional Information Let's understand the meaning of the other given options:

• Capricious - Changing one's mind or behavior suddenly and unpredictably; guided by a whim or impulse rather than a consistent pattern.
• Flexible - Able to bend, adapt, or adjust easily without breaking; capable of being changed or modified to suit different circumstances or requirements.
• Suave - Smoothly charming, confident, and sophisticated in manner; displaying polished and refined social skills.

The correct answer is "Too".

Key Points

• The most appropriate to fill in the blank is "too".
• In this context, "too" is an adverb that means "to an excessive degree" or "more than is desirable or suitable."
• When used in the sentence "I can't reach the shelf - it's too high for me," it indicates that the height of the shelf is greater than what the speaker can comfortably reach.
• This makes the sentence grammatically correct and conveys that the shelf's height is beyond the speaker's ability to reach.

Therefore, the correct answer is "Option 1".

Correct Sentence: I can't reach the shelf - it's too high for me.

The correct answer is "QSPR".

Key Points

• Sentence R introduces the idea that even when people share a common language, issues related to the meanings of words (semantics) can create significant challenges in communication.
• Sentence S expands on the notion of communication, suggesting that understanding begins at the source of communication, which is language and speech.
• Sentence Q builds on the theme of communication by stating that many global conflicts are rooted in misunderstandings, indicating the importance of effective communication to prevent such conflicts.
• Sentence P concludes the paragraph by emphasizing that without understanding what others are saying, achieving consensus becomes difficult. This sentence ties the ideas of communication and understanding together.

The order of sentences in option 3 creates a coherent flow of ideas, starting from the challenges of communication to the importance of understanding for consensus.

Therefore, the correct answer is "Option 3".

The correct answer is 'Option 1' i.e. 'Spent time alone'

Key Points

• Live in a shell - the idiom means to be or live alone. (अकेला रहना) 
• For Example - Jim is extremely shy so, he prefers to live in a shell.
• So, Spend time alone is the most appropriate meaning of the given idiom Live in a shell

Therefore, the correct answer is: 'Spend time alone'

 Additional InformationLet's look at the Hindi meaning of the other options:

• Like the company of others (दूसरों का साथ पसंद है)
• Talk very softly. (बहुत धीरे से बात करना)
• Be unpleasant towards others. (दूसरों के प्रति अप्रिय होना)

The correct answer is "BDCA".

Key Points

• Sentence B introduces the main subject, Borge Ousland, and establishes his significance as a polar explorer.
• Sentence D provides additional information about Borge Ousland's achievements, specifically mentioning his accomplishments of skiing alone to the North Pole and across Antarctica without resupply.
• Sentence C continues the narrative by explaining that Borge Ousland and Mike Horn were the first to ski unsupported to the North Pole, building upon the information provided in the previous sentence.
• Sentence A concludes the paragraph by explaining how the drastically melted ice inspired Ousland's current project and trip, connecting back to his history as a polar explorer.
• BDCA, creates a logical and coherent flow of information about Borge Ousland's achievements, his partnership with Mike Horn, and the inspiration behind his current project.

Therefore, the correct answer is "Option 3".

Correct Paragraph:  Polar explorer Borge Ousland has been making history in the Arctic for a quarter century. In 1994 and 1996, the Norwegian was the first person to ski alone without resupply to the North Pole and across Antarctica. He and fellow explorer Mike Horn then became the first people to ski unsupported to the North Pole. That trip-possible only because of drastically melted ice-inspired Ousland's current project.

The correct answer is "Where are your current magazines for banking exams kept by you?"

Key Points 

• The subject "you" in the active voice becomes the agent "by you" in the passive voice.
• The auxiliary verb "are" is used to form the passive construction.
• The past participle "kept" indicates the action of keeping the magazines.
• The passive voice maintains the interrogative structure of the original sentence.
• The passive construction emphasizes the action of keeping the magazines rather than the doer of the action.
• The phrase "for banking exams" remains unchanged in both the active and passive constructions.

​Therefore, the correct answer is "Option 4".

The correct answer is "Megre".

Key Points

• The correct spelling is "meager," not "megre."
• "Meager" means lacking in quantity, quality, or richness.
• For Example - The portion of food on his plate was quite meager, leaving him hungry for more.

Therefore, the correct answer is "Option 1".

The correct answer is "Even though".

Key Points

• The most appropriate phrase to fill in the blank is "even though".
• The phrase "even though" is used to introduce a contrast or contradiction between two clauses.
• In this sentence, it establishes the contrast between the fact that the subject runs a successful software company and the fact that she didn't complete her college degree.
• This option effectively conveys the idea that despite not having completed her college degree, she has managed to run a successful software company.

Therefore, the correct answer is "Option 3".

Correct Sentence: She runs a successful software company even though she didn't complete her college degree.

The correct answer is "Canadian Armed Forces personnels were"

Key Points

• The error is in the use of the word "personnels."
• The correct term is "personnel."
• "Personnel" is a collective noun that refers to a group of people employed in an organization or workforce.
• It is treated as a singular noun and does not need an "s" at the end to indicate plurality.

Therefore, the correct answer is "Option 1".

The correct answer is "SRQP".

Key Points 

• The first sentence (S) introduces the topic by stating that Morse code is a method used in telecommunication to encode text characters.
• The second sentence (R) follows up by explaining that Morse code consists of standardized sequences of two different signal durations. This connects logically with the previous sentence, as it provides more information about how Morse code works.
• The third sentence (Q) elaborates on the elements used in Morse code, specifically mentioning that the signal durations are referred to as 'dots' and 'dashes' or 'dits' and 'dahs'. This builds upon the idea of signal durations from the previous sentence and introduces terminology associated with Morse code.
• The fourth sentence (P) provides historical context by mentioning that Morse's code is named after Samuel Morse, who was an inventor of the telegraph. This finalizes the passage by adding information about the origin of the Morse code and its association with a historical figure.

Therefore, the correct answer is "Option 1".

Correct Paragraph: Morse code is a method used in telecommunication to encode text characters. As standardized sequences of two different signal durations called 'dots' and 'dashes' or 'dits' and 'dahs'.Morse code is named for Samuel Morse, an inventor of the telegraph

The correct answer is "Superficial".

Key Points

Let's understand the meaning of the given and the correct word:

• Perfunctory - It means doing something with minimal effort, often mechanically or as a routine, without real interest or enthusiasm.
• ​For Example - She gave a perfunctory apology without truly acknowledging her mistake.
• Superficial: This word means shallow, lacking in depth, or concerned only with the surface aspects of something. 
• For Example - His knowledge of the subject was only superficial, lacking in depth or thorough understanding.

Therefore, the correct answer is "Option 3".

Additional Information

• Let's understand the meanings of the other given options:
• Creative - This word refers to the ability to produce something new and original, often involving imagination and innovation.
• Punctual - This word refers to being on time and adhering to schedules.
• Attentive -  This word implies being attentive, observant, and showing interest or care.

The correct answer is "Pragmatist".

Key Points

Let's understand the meaning of the marked word:

• Pragmatist - A pragmatist is someone who is concerned with practical results and values. Pragmatism is a philosophical approach that emphasizes practicality, effectiveness, and real-world consequences.
• For Example - Sara, a pragmatist, focused on finding the most efficient and effective way to complete the project rather than getting lost in unnecessary details.

Therefore, the correct answer is "Option 1".

The correct answer is "Delicious".

Key Points

• The most appropriate word to fill in the blank is "delicious".
• In the sentence, the word "smell" is a sensory perception, and the context suggests that the speaker is describing the pleasant aroma of freshly made coffee.
• The word "delicious" is used to describe something that has a highly pleasing taste or aroma.
• Therefore, the word "delicious" fits well in this context, conveying the idea that the smell of the coffee is so inviting and enjoyable that it makes the speaker happy.

Therefore, the correct answer is "Option 3".

Correct Sentence: The delicious smell of freshly made coffee made me happy.

Additional Information

Let's understand the meanings of the other given options:

• Eager - It refers to a strong desire or enthusiasm for something.
• Energetic - It describes a lively and active state.
• Dull - It means lacking in interest or excitement.

The correct answer is 'flourish'.

Key Points

• "Flourish" is correctly spelt, meaning to grow or develop in a healthy or vigorous way, especially as the result of a particularly favorable environment.
• It is used to describe plants, businesses, or any other entities that are thriving or prospering.
• The word "flourish" can also be used in a figurative sense to describe someone's success or excellence in a particular field.
• Common phrases include "business is flourishing" or "she flourished in her new job."
• "Flourish" can function as both a verb (e.g., The company continues to flourish) and a noun (e.g., He signed his name with a flourish).
• The spelling of "flourish" follows standard English rules for words borrowed from French, maintaining the "ou" vowel combination.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 4'.

Additional Information

• "Suspencion" is incorrect; the correct spelling is "suspension."
• "Anexxure" is incorrect; the correct spelling is "annexure."
• "Conspicius" is incorrect; the correct spelling is "conspicuous."

The correct answer is "Irrational".

Key Points

• "Irrational" is spelled correctly.
• It refers to something that is not based on reason or logic, or something that is unreasonable or illogical.
• For Example - Her fear of flying was irrational, as she knew statistically, it was one of the safest modes of travel.

Therefore, the correct answer is "Option 2".

Additional Information

• Mundane: Related to the ordinary and routine aspects of life.
• Revolt: Participate in a rebellion or show strong objection or resistance against an authority or control.
• Unreasonable: Not guided by good sense or logic.

The correct answer is Alkynes

Key Points

• Alkynes - The simplest alkyne—a hydrocarbon with carbon-to-carbon triple bond—has the molecular formula CnH2n-2 and is known by its common name—acetylene. Acetylene is used in oxyacetylene torches for cutting and welding metals.
• For example: Propyne
• C3H4 follows the general formula for a compound with n = 3. C3H4 belongs to the alkyne family.
• 

Additional Information

<br>

The correct answer is 1, 2 & 3.

Key Points

• Budapest Convention - It is the first international treaty on crimes committed via the Internet and other computer networks, addressing cybercrime.
• Bonn Convention - Officially known as the Convention on Migratory Species (CMS), it aims to conserve terrestrial, marine, and avian migratory species throughout their range.
• Basel Convention - It controls the transboundary movements of hazardous wastes and their disposal, aiming to protect human health and the environment.
• All three conventions are accurately matched with their respective subject matters.

Additional Information

• Budapest Convention
• It was adopted by the Council of Europe in 2001 and is also known as the Convention on Cybercrime.
• It serves as a guideline for any country developing comprehensive national legislation against cybercrime.
• It also provides a framework for international cooperation between member states.
• Bonn Convention
• Also known as the Convention on Migratory Species (CMS), it was signed in 1979 in Bonn, Germany.
• The CMS is an environmental treaty under the aegis of the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP).
• It aims to conserve migratory species and their habitats on a global scale.
• Basel Convention
• Formally called the Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and Their Disposal.
• It was adopted in 1989 and entered into force in 1992.
• The convention aims to reduce hazardous waste generation and promote environmentally sound management and disposal practices.
• Other Related Conventions
• Kyoto Protocol - An international treaty that commits state parties to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, based on the premise that global warming exists and human-made CO2 emissions have caused it.
• Paris Agreement - An international treaty on climate change, aiming to limit global warming to below 2 degrees Celsius, preferably to 1.5 degrees Celsius, compared to pre-industrial levels.
• Montreal Protocol - A global agreement to protect the stratospheric ozone layer by phasing out the production and consumption of ozone-depleting substances (ODS).

The correct answer is Compact discs

Key Points

• Polycarbonate is a durable thermoplastic polymer.
• It is used to make compact discs, eyewear, automotive parts, electronics, and medical devices.
• Offers high impact resistance, transparency, lightweight, and thermal resistance.
• Produced through the polymerization process, forming long chains of repeating units.

Additional Information

• Glass:
• Glass is made from silica sand and other additives.
• It is commonly used for windows, containers, and decorative items due to its transparency and durability.
• Straws:
• Straws are typically made from materials like plastic, paper, or stainless steel.
• Switches:
• Switches can be made from various materials, including plastic, metal, or ceramics.

The correct answer is They receive a net negative charge from dust particles

Key Points

Electrostatic precipitators (ESP):

• In electrostatic precipitators, the flue gas is made to pass through a highly ionized zone, where the particles get electrically charged and are separated out from the gas, with the help of electrostatic forces in the power full electric field.
• An electrostatic precipitator is used in ash handling.
• An electrostatic precipitator in a coal-based thermal power plant collects dust from flue gas.
• They are widely used in Thermal power plants, Pulp and Paper industries, Mining and Metallurgical Industries, Iron and Steel plants, Chemical industries, etc.
• The main two advantages of ESP are particles may be collected wet or dry and efficiency of more than 99% can be achieved.
• ESP can handle both gases and mists for high-volume flow and even very small particles can be removed.
• It uses very high voltage to generate a powerful electric field. Hence, power consumption is very high and subsequently, ESP is very costly as compared to other air pollution control devices.

The correct answer is Fluoride

Key Points

• Water fluoridation is the process of adjusting the amount of fluoride in drinking water to a level recommended for preventing tooth decay.
• Fluoride has been proven to protect teeth from decay.
• Bacteria in the mouth produce acid when a person eats sugary foods.
• This acid eats away minerals from the tooth’s surface, making the tooth weaker and increasing the chance of developing cavities.
• Fluoride helps to rebuild and strengthen the tooth’s surface, or enamel.
• Water fluoridation prevents tooth decay by providing frequent and consistent contact with low levels of fluoride.
• Fluoride stops cavities from forming and can even rebuild the tooth’s surface.

Additional Information

• Salt:
• Used for seasoning and food preservation.
• Also employed in industrial processes and water softening.
• Excessive intake is linked to health issues like high blood pressure.
• Sugar:
• Common sweetener in foods and beverages.
• Overconsumption can lead to obesity and diabetes.
• Contributes to dental cavities when consumed excessively.
• Chlorine:
• Widely used for water disinfection.
• Also utilized in swimming pools and wastewater treatment.
• Exposure to high levels can cause respiratory irritation and health problems.

The correct answer is Henry Cavendish.

Key Points

• The first reliable measurement of G was made by Henry Cavendish in 1798.
• He calculated that G was equal to 6.754 x 10-11 N² m² kg^-2.
• The Cavendish experiment, performed by English scientist Henry Cavendish, was the first experiment to measure the force of gravity between masses in the laboratory and the first to yield accurate values for the gravitational constant.
• Because of the unit conventions then in use, the gravitational constant does not appear explicitly in Cavendish's work.
• Instead, the result was originally expressed as the specific gravity of the Earth, or equivalently the mass of the Earth.
• His experiment gave the first accurate values for these geophysical constants.

Additional Information 

• The gravitational constant, denoted by the capital letter G, is an empirical physical constant involved in the calculation of gravitational effects in Sir Isaac Newton's law of universal gravitation and in Albert Einstein's general theory of relativity. 
• Gravitational constant = 6.67408 × 10-11 m3 kg-1 s-2
• Gravitational acceleration is the acceleration of an object in free fall within a vacuum.
• This is the steady gain in speed caused exclusively by the force of gravitational attraction.

The correct answer is 2.66 × 10-23 g

Key Points

• One mole of any substance contains 6.02 × 1023 units of that substance.
• Equally important is the fact that one mole of a substance has a mass in grams numerically equal to the formula weight of that substance.
• Thus, one mole of an element has a mass in grams equal to the atomic weight of that element and contains 6.02 × 1023 atoms of the element.

Calculation:

Atomic number of oxygen is 8

Atomic weight of oxygen = 16 amu.

One mole of oxygen = 16g/mol

No.of atoms present in one mole of oxygen is 6.023 x 1023

Therefore mass of 1 atom of oxygen  16g6.023x102316�6.023�102316�6.023�1023

= 2.66 x 10-23

The correct answer is Recycling

Key Points

• Recycling: It is the process of converting waste materials into new materials. It can prevent the waste of potentially useful materials and reduce the consumption of fresh raw materials. It is an effective way to deal with solid waste problems.

Additional Information

• Landfill: Waste management through the use of landfills involves the use of a large area. This place is dug open and filled with waste.
• It is the simplest and most common method used in cities to collect and dump the waste.

The correct answer is Iris

Key Points

Human Eye

• The eye is an important and one of the most complex sensory organs.
• It helps us in viewing objects as well as light, colour, and depth perception.
• A human eye has a diameter of about 2.3 cm and is almost a spherical ball filled with fluid.
• The eyes are situated in the deep protective bone cavities,called the orbits or eye sockets present in the skull.

Explanation:

• Iris is a muscular curtain-like layer that is thinly pigmented and located in front of our eyes.
• It serves two primary purposes, which are as follows:

1. Pigmentation in the iris is responsible for the colour of our eyes.
2. It also controls the amount of light that enters the eye from outside sources.

• It should be noted that the colour of the eye is unrelated to the kind of pigmentation in the iris.
• However, it is dependent on the amount of pigmentation in it.
• When the quantity of pigmentation in the iris is very less, the eye appears blue.
• At the same time, if the amount of pigmentation is more the eyes look dark brown or black.

Thus, the iris is the part of the eye that contains the pigment responsible for the colour of the eye.

Additional Information 

Different parts of the eyes and their functions:

The correct answer is prevent pests and diseases.

Key Points

• Insecticides:
• Insecticides are pesticides that are formulated to kill, harm, repel or mitigate one or more species of insect.
• Different insecticides work in different ways.
• Some insecticides disrupt the nervous system, whereas others may damage their exoskeletons, repel them or control them by some other means.
• Example: Mosquito and cockroach repellent.
• Farmers use insecticides in their agricultural work to kill insects that harm their crops.
• Parathion is a highly toxic organic phosphorus compound that is commonly used as an insecticide.
• Sevin is widely used insecticide as a foliar spray to control spiny ball worms.
• Parathion and Sevin spray do not affect plant growth, stem thickness, or leaf number.

Additional Information 

• Pesticides:
• A pesticide is a chemical that is used to kill or prevent small animals which are considered to be unwanted.
• These organisms are called pests.
• Some of these pests are insects, microbes that destroy plants.
• It includes other organisms that affect humans in a bad way and it may kill humans too.
• Many pesticides are poisonous and are bad for not only the organisms but are also harmful to humans.
• Example: DDT, rat poison, insect spray, etc.
• Fertilizers:
• A fertilizer is a chemical that helps plants to grow.
• It is used to replace the mineral salts taken by plants or removed by rain.
• The important things in fertilizer are Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P), and Potash (K).
• Common fertilizers include Ammonia and Urea.
• Sedatives:
• A sedative is a substance that is used to calm a person.
• It is also called a tranquillizer.
• Sedatives are a category of drugs that slow brain activity.
• Sedative drugs help treat anxiety and sleep problems.

The correct answer is Electric energy

Key Points

• Electric charge is the basic physical property of matter that causes it to experience a force when kept in an electric or magnetic field.
• An electric charge is associated with an electric field and the moving electric charge generates a magnetic field.
• A combination of electric and magnetic fields is known as the electromagnetic field.
• Interaction of the charges generates an electromagnetic force which is the foundation of Physics.
• The two types of electric charges are:

1. Positive
2. Negative

Additional Information

• Conductor-
• A substance that allows electric charge to flow through itself is called a Conductor.
• It is a good conductor of heat and electricity.
• eg- silver, copper, iron, etc.
• Insulator-
• A substance that does not allow electric charge to flow through itself is called an Insulator.
• It is a bad conductor of heat and electricity.
• eg- plastic, glass, etc.
• Semiconductor-
• A substance that allows electric charge to flow through itself moderately is called a Conductor.
• It is a good conductor of heat and electricity but having a lower conductivity as compared to the Conductor.
• eg- Silicon, Germanium, etc.

The correct answer is neutralisation

Key Points

• Neutralisation reaction 
• ​A neutralization reaction is a chemical reaction in which an acid and base react together to form salt and water as products.
• In a neutralization reaction, there is a combination of H+ ions and OH– ions which form water.
• Neutralization reaction examples:
• Formation of Sodium Chloride (Common Salt)
  

HCl + NaOH → NaCl + H2O

• Titration methods using phenolphthalein
• Applications of a neutralization reaction are:
• Titration method
• Wastewater treatment
• Nanomaterial synthesis

Additional Information

• Displacement reactions:
• Those reactions in which one element takes the place of another element in a compound, are known as displacement reaction.
• In general, a more reactive element displaces a less reactive element from its compound.
• In the given reaction, magnesium displaces copper from copper sulfate solution.
• The blue color of copper sulfate solution fades due to the formation of a colorless solution of magnesium sulfate.
• A red-brown deposit of copper metal is formed on the magnesium piece.
• Magnesium can displace copper from the copper sulfate solution because magnesium is more reactive than copper.
• ​CuSO4 + Mg → MgSO4​ + Cu
• Oxidation
• Oxidation Reaction refers to a reaction in which either the addition of Oxygen takes place or the removal of Hydrogen takes place.
• It can also be said as the process of loss of one or more electrons by atoms or ions.
• Example is: 2Mg + O2 = 2MgO
• Reduction Reaction:
• Reduction Reaction refers to a reaction in which either the addition of Hydrogen takes place or the removal of oxygen takes place.
• In the process of reduction, a chemical species also gains electrons.
• It is the reverse of the oxidation reaction.
• Example is  : H2 + F2 → 2 HF

The correct answer is the Absorption of water and minerals

Key Points

• Upon germination,, the first structure to emerge from most seeds is the root of the embryonic radicle.
• This primary root is a taproot.
• In plants in which the taproot persists, smaller lateral roots (secondary roots) commonly arise from the taproot and may in turn produce even smaller lateral roots (tertiary roots).
• This serves to increase the surface area for water and mineral absorption.
• Fibrous root systems are generally shallower than taproot systems.
• Examples of tap root systems: Grape, Gram, Cotton, Tur, Carrot, Beetroot, and Sugar beet.
• Examples of fibrous root systems: Rice, Wheat, Barley, Sorghum, millet, Oats, and Rye.​

Additional Information

• Storage of food:
• Tap roots, being thicker and more fleshy, are better suited for storing food reserves.
• Plants with tap root systems often store carbohydrates and nutrients in their roots, aiding in survival during adverse conditions.
• Protection:
• Tap roots can anchor the plant more firmly into the soil, providing stability and protection against wind and soil erosion.
• They also protect against drought by reaching deeper soil layers for water.
• Transport of water and organic food:
• Tap roots serve as primary conduits for the transport of water and nutrients absorbed by the roots to other parts of the plant.
• They facilitate the movement of water and organic food (sugars) between the roots and the rest of the plant more efficiently than fibrous root systems.

The correct answer is -2000 J.

Key Points

• The work done by a force is calculated as the product of the force and the displacement in the direction of the force.
• Here, the force is 200 N, and the displacement is 10 m in the opposite direction of the force.
• Since the force is opposite to the displacement, the work done is negative.
• The formula for work done is Work = Force × Displacement × cos(θ), where θ is the angle between force and displacement.
• In this case, θ = 180 degrees, so cos(180°) = -1, leading to Work = 200 N × 10 m × (-1) = -2000 J.

Additional Information

• Work
• Work is a measure of energy transfer that occurs when an object is moved over a distance by an external force.
• It is a scalar quantity and is measured in joules (J) in the International System of Units (SI).
• Force
• Force is an interaction that causes an object to change its motion, direction, or shape.
• It is measured in newtons (N) in the SI system.
• Displacement
• Displacement is the vector quantity that defines the distance and direction between two positions.
• It is different from distance as it considers the direction of movement.
• Energy
• Energy is the capacity to do work and can exist in various forms such as kinetic, potential, thermal, and more.
• It is conserved in isolated systems according to the law of conservation of energy.

• The correct answer is 1 ∶ 2 ∶ 1.

Key Points

• In the F2 generation of a typical monohybrid cross, we get homozygous and heterozygous combinations.
• These combinations appear in the following ratio.
• 1(homozygous dominant): 2(heterozygotes):1 (homozygous recessive).
• Thus the genotypic ratio of a monohybrid cross is 1:2:1.

Additional Information 

The correct answer is CN

Key Points

• Tear gas, also called lacrimator, is any of a group of substances that irritate the mucous membranes of the eyes, causing a stinging sensation and tears.
• They may also irritate the upper respiratory tract, causing coughing, choking, and general debility.
• Tear gas was first used in World War I in chemical warfare, but since its effects are short-lasting and rarely disabling, it came into use by law-enforcement agencies as a means of dispersing mobs, disabling rioters and flushing out armed suspects without the use of deadly force.
• The substances most often used as tear gases are synthetic organic halogen compounds.
• They are not true gases under ordinary conditions but are liquids or solids that can be finely dispersed in the air through the use of sprays, fog generators, or grenades and shells.
• The two most commonly used tear gases are ω-chloroacetophenone, or CN, and o-chlorobenzylidenemalononitrile, or CS.
• CN is the principal component of the aerosol agent

Additional Information

• Cl2 (Chlorine gas):
• It is highly toxic and was used as a chemical weapon during World War I.
• Exposure to chlorine gas causes severe respiratory distress, and irritation to the eyes and skin, and can be lethal in high concentrations.
• NPK (Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium):
• NPK refers to the three primary nutrients essential for plant growth.
• Nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) are commonly found in fertilizers.
• HCN (Hydrogen Cyanide):
• Hydrogen cyanide is a highly toxic gas and a chemical weapon.
• Exposure to hydrogen cyanide can lead to rapid death by inhibiting cellular respiration.

The correct answer is Fungi absorb food material from outside the body, while animals take in whole material and break it down inside their bodies.

 Key Points

• Fungi Nutrition
• Fungi constitute a unique kingdom of heterotrophic organisms. It shows a great diversity in morphology and habitat.
• Fungi are cosmopolitan and occur in air, water, soil, animals, and plants.
• Fungi are categorized into 4 classes: Ascomycetes, basidiomycetes, Phycomycetes & Deuteromycetes
• Most fungi are heterotrophic and absorb soluble organic matter from dead substrates and hence are called saprophytes.
• Those that depend on living plants and animals are called parasites.
• They can also live as symbionts – in association with algae as lichens and with roots of higher plants as mycorrhiza.
• Animal Nutrition 
• The Dairy animals have two types of food requirements, they are Maintenance requirement and Milk-producing requirements.
• Health Maintenance food materials that include different types of vitamins, proteins, and other nutrients which are necessary for their health and disease-free life span.
• Roughages include pasture forages, hays, silages, and byproduct feed that contain a high percentage of fibre.
• Concentrates are energy-rich grains and molasses, protein- and energy-rich supplements and byproduct feeds, vitamin supplements, and mineral supplements.

Additional Information

• Photosynthesis
• It's a vital biological process that occurs in plants, algae, and some bacteria.
• Plants capture sunlight using chlorophyll, a pigment in their leaves.
• Plants take in CO2 from the air through small openings called stomata on their leaves.
• Plants absorb water from the soil through their roots.
• In the chloroplasts of plant cells, sunlight energy is used to convert CO2 and water into glucose (a type of sugar) and oxygen (O2).
• Oxygen produced during photosynthesis is released into the atmosphere, which is essential for the survival of most living organisms.

The correct answer is Dust and smoke

Key Points 

• A mixture of gases known as air makes up the Earth's atmosphere.
• 78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, 1% other gases, and water vapor make up its composition.
• The composition of the air doesn't change as you pass through the layers of the atmosphere.
• What changes is the number of molecules.

Explanation:

Dust and smoke:

• There are significant threats to human health from airborne dust.
• A significant factor in determining the possible risk to human health is dust particle size.
• The only organs that can be harmed by particles larger than 10 m are the skin, eyes, and nose, which are frequently irritated, develop conjunctivitis, and the eyes, which are more susceptible to infection.
• Smaller than 10 nm inhalable particles frequently become lodged in the mouth, nose, and upper respiratory tract, leading to respiratory conditions such as asthma, tracheitis, pneumonia, allergic rhinitis, and silicosis.
• Finer particles, on the other hand, have the potential to pass through the lower respiratory tract and reach the bloodstream, where they can impact all internal organs and cause cardiovascular diseases.
• Smoke exposure can result in runny noses, coughs, aching eyes, and tears.
• Smoke that lasts for days or even weeks or that is very heavy might harm the lungs and prolong a cough.
• Smoke exposure can exacerbate lung and heart diseases.

Thus, the components of air that are harmful to living beings are dust and smoke.

The correct answer is Clay soil.

Key Points

• Permeability is defined as the property of a porous material which permits the passage or seepage of water through its interconnecting voids.
• Usually, the finer the soil texture, the slower the permeability.
• The decreasing order of permeability is:
• Gravel > Coarse sand > Sand mixture > Clay
• Clay is impermeable, or at least it has a very low permeability. The grains in clay are so fine that the spaces between the grains are extremely small. This makes it difficult for water to squeeze through, so water is more likely to simply run off.

 Important Points

Different type of soil and their standard permeability rate:

Factors affecting the permeability of soil: 

The correct answer is Spinal cord.

Key Points

• The entire process of response to peripheral nervous stimulation, that occurs involuntarily is known as reflex action.
• The reflex arc is the nervous pathway followed by nerve impulses during a reflex action.
• A sensory nerve and a motor nerve with synapses are involved in the reflex arc.
• The reflex arc is formed in the spinal cord when sensory neurons carry signals from the receptor organs to the spinal cord.
• The spinal cord transmits and receives impulses from the brain and controls the most of reflex activities. It also provides a means of communication between the brain and the spinal nerves.

Important Points 

• The spinal cord is a part of the central nervous system in the human body.
• Human central neural system includes the brain and the spinal cord and is the site of information processing and control.
• The medulla of the brain is connected to the spinal cord.
• Spinal cord is composed of nerve fibres that mediate reflex actions and that transmit impulses to and from the brain.
• Myelinated nerve fibres are found in spinal and cranial nerves.

The correct answer is Oxidation state and number.

Key Points

• An oxidation number or oxidation state is an indicator of the level of oxidation of an atom bound in a chemical compound.
• This number counts how many electrons that atom has lost in the chemical bond of that compound to other atoms located in that compound.
• For example, in water (whose chemical formula is H2O), both hydrogen atoms have given one electron each to the oxygen atom.
• Therefore the oxidation number of every hydrogen atom in water is +1 while that of oxygen is -2 (because it gains two electrons instead of losing it).
• The oxidation number of oxygen in the Ozone is 0 because there are no electrons transferred.

The correct answer is Perennation

Key Points

• In botany, perennation is the ability of organisms, particularly plants, to survive from one germinating season to another, especially under unfavourable conditions such as drought or winter.
• It typically involves the development of a perennating organ, which stores enough nutrients to sustain the organism during the unfavourable season and develops into one or more new plants the following year.
• Common forms of perennating organs are storage organs (e.g. tubers, rhizomes and corm), and buds.
• Perennation is closely related to vegetative reproduction, as the organisms commonly use the same organs for both survival and reproduction.
• Solomon's seal, tubers (for example dahlia), bulbs (for example daffodil, snowdrop), or corms (for example crocus, gladiolus).
• These perennating organs are also recurrently responsible for vegetative propagation.

The correct answer is Allergen.

Key Points

• Food Allergen Labeling and Consumer Protection Act of 2004 law identifies eight foods as major food allergens: milk, eggs, fish, shellfish, tree nuts, peanuts, wheat, soybean.
• People with food allergies should read labels and avoid the foods they are allergic to.
• The law requires that food labels identify the food source of all major food allergens used to make the food.
• This requirement is met if the common or usual name of an ingredient already identifies that allergen's food source name (for example, buttermilk) Otherwise, the allergen's food source must be declared at least once on the food label.

Important Points 

• Milk: Allergy to cow's milk is the most common food allergy in infants and young children. About 2.5% of children under age 3 are allergic to milk.
• Egg: When a person with an egg allergy is exposed to an egg, proteins in the egg bind to specific IgE antibodies made by the person’s immune system. This triggers the person’s immune defences, leading to reaction symptoms that can be mild or very severe.
• Peanut: Peanut allergy is the most common food allergy in children under age 18 and the second-most common food allergy in adults. Peanut allergy is usually lifelong only about 20 per cent of children with peanut allergy outgrow it over time.

The correct answer is Freons.

Key Points

• Trichloromethane: It is commonly known as chloroform.
• It is used in the production of freon.
• Inhaling chloroform depresses the central nervous system.
• p, p- Dichloro diphenyl trichloroethane(DDT): It is the first chlorinated organic insecticide.
• It is a highly toxic insecticide.
• Dichloromethane: It is used as a solvent, as a paint remover, as a propellant in aerosols.
• It is harmful to the central nervous system of humans.

Additional Information

EXPLANATION:

• Freons are chlorofluorocarbons compounds of methane and ethane.
• Freon 12 - dichlorodifluoromethane (CCl2F2) is commonly known as freon.
• It is a colourless gas.
• It is usually used as a refrigerant, aerosol propellants.
• It can cause ozone depletion.

The correct answer is Sunlight.

Key Points

• The ecosystem is the functional unit of nature, where living organisms interact among themselves and also with the surrounding physical environment.
• Energy flow is one of the most important functions of an ecosystem.
• It refers to the transfer of energy from one trophic level in the form of food
• This cycle of interconnected organisms in the linear chain is called a food chain
• A number of interlinked food chains form a network/web-like structure known as food web

Additional Information

• Lindeman’s 10% rule: States that only 10% of energy gets transferred from one trophic level to the higher one
• The rest of the energy is lost in the form of heat.

Primary (100%) → First level/ Primary (10%) → Second-level/ Secondary (1%) → Third level / Tertiary (0.1%).

Hence , The flow of energy in an ecosystem starts from Sunlight or Light Energy

The correct answer is ISP

Key Points

• ISP stands for Internet Service Provider, which is a company that provides internet access to individuals and organizations.
• An ISP connects its users to the internet using various technologies such as DSL, cable modem, fiber-optics, and wireless connections.
• ISPs may also provide other services such as email accounts, web hosting, and domain registration.
• Examples of ISPs include companies like AT&T, Comcast, Verizon, and many others globally.

Additional Information

• HTTP stands for HyperText Transfer Protocol, which is used for transmitting web pages over the internet.
• FTP stands for File Transfer Protocol, which is used for transferring files between computers on a network.
• TCP stands for Transmission Control Protocol, which is a core protocol of the internet protocol suite that ensures reliable, ordered, and error-checked delivery of data between applications.
• While these protocols are essential for internet functionality, they do not provide internet services directly to users.

The correct answer is HTTP

Key Points

• HTTP stands for HyperText Transfer Protocol.
• The HTTP protocol specifies the message formatting and transmission rules as well as the responses that Web servers and browsers should provide to certain commands.
• It is the foundation of any data exchange on the Web and it is a protocol used for transmitting hypertext requests and information between servers and browsers.
• HTTP functions as a request-response protocol in the client-server computing model.

Additional Information

• FTP (File Transfer Protocol) is used for transferring files between computers on a network.
• TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) is a suite of communication protocols used to interconnect network devices on the internet.
• SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) is used for sending emails across the Internet.
• HTTP was originally proposed by Tim Berners-Lee in 1989 and has undergone several revisions, the most recent being HTTP/2.
• HTTP is an application layer protocol built on top of the TCP/IP suite of protocols.

The correct answer is TCP/IP

Key Points

• TCP/IP stands for Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol.
• It is the fundamental suite of protocols that is used for communication over the Internet and other similar networks.
• TCP/IP ensures that data can be sent and received between different devices on a network, regardless of the underlying hardware or software.
• This protocol suite is essential for enabling interoperability between diverse network devices and platforms.
• It includes various protocols such as HTTP, FTP, SMTP, and DNS, among others, which facilitate different types of data exchanges and services over the network.

Additional Information

• TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) is responsible for ensuring reliable communication by establishing connections and managing the data transfer process.
• IP (Internet Protocol) is responsible for addressing and routing packets of data so that they can travel across networks and reach the correct destination.
• The adoption of TCP/IP as the standard protocol suite has been a key factor in the widespread growth and success of the Internet.
• TCP/IP is designed to be robust, scalable, and flexible, allowing it to support a wide range of applications and services.
• It is an open standard, meaning it is not owned by any single company or organization, which has contributed to its universal acceptance and use.

The correct answer is Arithmetic logic unit → Control unit → Primary memory → Secondary memory

Key Points

• The Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) is responsible for performing arithmetic and logical operations.
• The Control Unit (CU) directs the operation of the processor. It tells the computer's memory, ALU, and input and output devices how to respond to the instructions that have been sent to the processor.
• Primary memory (also known as main memory or RAM) is used to store data and instructions that are currently in use.
• Secondary memory (such as hard drives and SSDs) is used for long-term storage of data.
• The flow from ALU → CU → Primary memory → Secondary memory represents the correct sequence of operations in a computer system.

Additional Information

• The Arithmetic Logic Unit performs all arithmetic and logical operations in the CPU.
• The Control Unit manages and coordinates the activities of all other components within the computer.
• Primary memory is volatile, meaning it loses its data when the power is turned off.
• Secondary memory is non-volatile, meaning it retains data even when the computer is turned off.
• Understanding the flow of data and control signals within a computer system is crucial for designing efficient and effective computer architectures.

The correct answer is High level language.

Key Points

• A source program is written in a high-level language before being translated into machine code by a compiler or interpreter.
• Examples of high-level languages include Python, Java, C++, and others.
• High-level languages are designed to be easily readable and understandable by humans, making the programming process more intuitive and less error-prone.
• These languages allow programmers to write instructions using syntax and commands that are closer to human languages and abstracted from the hardware specifics of the computer.
• By using high-level languages, developers can focus more on the logic and functionality of the program rather than dealing with the complexities of the machine code.

Additional Information

• Symbolic languages like assembly language are closer to machine code but still require translation by an assembler.
• Sign language and alphanumeric characters are not related to programming languages in the context of writing source code.
• High-level languages provide various constructs such as loops, conditionals, and data structures to facilitate complex programming tasks.
• Compilers and interpreters are tools that translate high-level language code into machine code that can be executed by a computer's CPU.
• Understanding high-level languages is essential for modern software development and forms the basis of learning more advanced programming concepts.

The correct answer is Backup.

Key Points

• Protecting data by copying it from the original source to a different destination is called Backup.
• Backup is essential for data protection and recovery in case of data loss or corruption.
• It is a common practice in IT to ensure business continuity and data integrity.
• There are various types of backups including full, incremental, and differential backups.

Additional Information

• Hacking refers to unauthorized access to data in a system.
• Formatting is the process of preparing a storage device for initial use, often erasing all data in the process.
• Data diddling involves the alteration of data before or during input into a computer system.
• Regular backups can help mitigate the impact of data breaches and hardware failures.
• It is advisable to store backups in multiple locations, including offsite or cloud storage, for added security.

The correct answer is Machine language

Key Points

• Machine language was the first type of programming language used to program computers.
• Machine language consists of binary code that is directly executed by the computer's CPU.
• It is a low-level language that is specific to the architecture of the computer's hardware.
• Programming in machine language is complex and error-prone, which led to the development of higher-level programming languages.

Additional Information

• Assembly language was developed after machine language to simplify the programming process by using mnemonic codes instead of binary.
• Object code is the output of a compiler or assembler, which is then linked to create an executable program.
• Source code is written in high-level programming languages like C++, Java, or Python and is human-readable.
• Early computers like the ENIAC were programmed using machine language, which required setting switches and plugging in cables to configure the machine.
• As computer technology evolved, more user-friendly programming languages were developed to increase productivity and reduce errors.

The correct answer is Vacuum tubes and valves

Key Points

• Vacuum tubes and valves were the main components used in the first computers.
• The first generation of computers, developed in the 1940s and 1950s, relied heavily on these components for processing and memory functions.
• These computers were large, consumed a lot of power, and generated significant heat.
• Examples of early computers that used vacuum tubes include the ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer) and the UNIVAC (Universal Automatic Computer).
• The use of vacuum tubes and valves marked the beginning of the electronic computing era, replacing earlier mechanical computing devices.

Additional Information

• Vacuum tubes were eventually replaced by transistors in the late 1950s and 1960s, leading to the second generation of computers.
• Transistors were smaller, more energy-efficient, and more reliable than vacuum tubes, which allowed computers to become more compact and powerful.
• The development of integrated circuits in the 1960s and 1970s marked the advent of the third generation of computers.
• Modern computers use microprocessors, which are complex integrated circuits containing millions of transistors on a single chip.
• The evolution of computer technology has continued to progress rapidly, leading to the powerful and compact devices we use today.

The correct answer is option 2

Key Points

• Customized packages are application software that can be broadly classified into generalized packages.
• Generalized packages are designed to cater to a wide range of users and can be customized to meet specific needs.
• Examples of generalized packages include word processors, spreadsheets, and presentation software.
• These packages are versatile and can be adapted for various tasks across different industries.
• Customized packages provide flexibility and scalability, making them suitable for both individual and organizational use.

Additional Information

• Application software is a type of computer program that performs specific functions for the user.
• It includes software for word processing, database management, graphic design, and more.
• Generalized packages are essential tools in both personal and professional settings, offering a range of functionalities to enhance productivity.
• These packages are continuously updated to include new features and improve user experience.
• Understanding the different categories of application software helps in selecting the right tools for specific tasks.

The correct answer is xIsx.

Key Points 

• The default file extension of Excel 2010 is xlsx.
• Excel 2010 introduced the XML-based file format, which is more efficient and offers better data recovery options.
• Other file extensions used by Excel include .xlsm for macro-enabled workbooks and .xlsb for binary workbooks.
• The previous versions of Excel used the .xls file extension.

Additional Information

• Excel 2010 is part of the Microsoft Office 2010 suite, which includes other applications like Word, PowerPoint, and Outlook.
• The XML-based file format introduced in Excel 2007 and continued in Excel 2010 helps in reducing file size and improving data integrity.
• Excel 2010 also introduced new features like Sparklines, Slicers, and an improved conditional formatting option.
• Users can save Excel files in various formats including .pdf and .csv for data sharing and reporting purposes.
• Excel 2010 supports both 32-bit and 64-bit versions, enhancing its performance on modern hardware.

The correct answer is Alpha

Key Points

• Alpha represents the transparency or opacity of a color in the RGBA color model.
• RGBA stands for Red, Green, Blue, and Alpha.
• The Alpha component defines the level of transparency where 0 represents fully transparent and 1 represents fully opaque.
• The RGBA color model is widely used in digital graphics and web design to specify colors.

Additional Information

• RGB stands for Red, Green, and Blue, which are the primary colors of light used in digital displays.
• The Alpha channel is used in various graphics and image editing software to control the blending of colors and transparency effects.
• In CSS, the RGBA color model is often used to create semi-transparent elements on web pages.
• Example of RGBA color code: rgba(255, 0, 0, 0.5) represents a semi-transparent red color.

The correct answer is Graphics Interchange Format

Key Points

• Graphics Interchange Format (GIF) is a bitmap image format that was developed by CompuServe in 1987.
• GIFs are widely used on the web due to their wide support and portability.
• They support up to 8 bits per pixel for each image, allowing a single image to reference a palette of up to 256 distinct colors chosen from the 24-bit RGB color space.
• GIFs are particularly suitable for simple graphics, line drawings, and animations.
• The format also supports animations and allows a separate palette of up to 256 colors for each frame.

Additional Information

• GIF uses lossless compression that does not degrade the quality of the image.
• It is a common format for web graphics, especially for small images and images that contain text, such as navigation buttons.
• The format was created by Steve Wilhite while working at CompuServe and has since become one of the most recognizable image formats on the internet.
• Despite the advent of newer formats like PNG and JPEG, GIF remains popular for its simplicity and wide compatibility.

The correct answer is Limited

Key Points

• Computers are known for their diligence, which means they can perform repetitive tasks consistently without getting tired.
• Accuracy is another hallmark of computers, as they can perform calculations and processes with high precision.
• Computers are also renowned for their speed, being able to process vast amounts of data in a fraction of a second.
• However, computers are not limited by human constraints, but rather by their programming and hardware capabilities.

Additional Information

• Computers have revolutionized various fields, including science, engineering, medicine, and education.
• They are capable of performing complex simulations and data analysis that would be impossible for humans to achieve manually.
• Despite their capabilities, the performance of a computer is dependent on its software and hardware, and they require human input for programming and maintenance.
• Advancements in technology continue to push the boundaries of what computers can achieve, making them an integral part of modern society.

The correct answer is Web layout view

Key Points

• The Web layout view is used to view the document as it would appear in a web browser.
• This view helps users design and edit documents that are intended to be published on the web.
• It provides a way to visualize how the document will look when viewed online, ensuring proper formatting and layout.
• Other views like Outline view, Full screen reading, and Draft view serve different purposes such as organizing content, reading without distraction, and quick editing, respectively.

Additional Information

• In Outline view, you can see the structure of your document and easily reorganize it by dragging sections around.
• Full screen reading view is designed for reading documents on the screen with minimal distractions.
• Draft view is used for quick editing and formatting without worrying about the final appearance.
• Choosing the right view can significantly enhance your productivity and ensure that your document meets its intended purpose.

The correct answer is Embedding information.

Key Points

• Embedding information refers to the process of incorporating data from external documents within a document, creating a link to those external documents.
• This technique is often used in digital documents to provide additional context or reference without duplicating the content.
• Embedding helps maintain the integrity and accuracy of the information by linking to the original source.
• It is commonly used in various types of software applications, including word processors, spreadsheets, and presentation tools.

Additional Information

• Embedding information can be done in different formats such as hyperlinks, embedded objects, or linked files.
• In many software applications, embedding is accomplished through the "Insert" or "Object" menu options.
• This approach is particularly useful in collaborative environments where multiple users need to access and reference the same external documents.
• Ensuring the accessibility and security of the embedded information is crucial, especially in professional and academic settings.

The correct answer is Mail service

Key Points

• Mail service is an application layer service.
• The application layer in the OSI model is responsible for providing network services directly to the users.
• Other examples of application layer services include file transfer, virtual terminal, and data service.
• These services facilitate end-user processes and are crucial for network communication and resource sharing.
• The application layer is the seventh layer in the OSI model and plays a key role in network applications like email, file sharing, and web browsing.

Additional Information

• The OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) model is a conceptual framework used to understand and implement network protocols in seven layers.
• The seven layers are: Physical, Data Link, Network, Transport, Session, Presentation, and Application.
• The Application Layer interacts directly with software applications to provide communication functions as required by the end-user.
• Protocols used in the application layer include HTTP, FTP, SMTP, and DNS, among others.
• It ensures that communication is possible between different systems and provides interfaces and protocols that facilitate this interaction.

The correct answer is Cell

Key Points

• A Cell is the intersection of a row and a column in MS Excel.
• Each cell is identified by a unique address combining the column letter and row number, for example, A1, B2, etc.
• Cells are the basic units where data is entered and stored in a spreadsheet.
• You can perform various operations on cells such as entering data, formulas, and functions.

Additional Information

• MS Excel is a spreadsheet application developed by Microsoft.
• It is widely used for data analysis, visualization, and complex calculations.
• Excel supports various functions and formulas to perform mathematical, statistical, and financial operations.
• Excel also includes features like charts, pivot tables, and conditional formatting to enhance data representation.

The correct answer is Port 25

Key Points

• Port 25 is the default port used by the Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) for sending emails.
• SMTP is a protocol used for sending emails from one server to another and is widely used in email communication.
• Other ports used by SMTP include Port 587 for mail submission and Port 465 for secure SMTP (SMTPS).
• Port 25 is primarily used for relaying emails between mail servers.

Additional Information

• SMTP was first defined by RFC 821 in 1982, and the current version is defined by RFC 5321.
• SMTP works in conjunction with other protocols like IMAP (Internet Message Access Protocol) and POP3 (Post Office Protocol) for retrieving emails.
• While Port 25 is the standard port for SMTP, it is often blocked by ISPs to prevent spam.
• In such cases, Port 587 is recommended for email submission as it supports authentication.

The correct answer is Mozilla License

Key Points

• The Mozilla License is a weak copyleft license.
• It allows files licensed under it to be combined with files under other licenses, including proprietary licenses, under certain conditions.
• Several companies and organizations have adopted the Mozilla License for their open-source projects.
• It aims to balance the benefits of open-source collaboration with the ability to use the software in proprietary products.

Additional Information

• The Mozilla Public License (MPL) is currently at version 2.0, which was released in 2012.
• It was originally developed by the Mozilla Foundation for use in the Mozilla Application Suite, and it has been adopted by other projects such as LibreOffice and the Mozilla Firefox web browser.
• The MPL is considered more permissive than the GNU General Public License (GPL) but more restrictive than the MIT and BSD licenses.
• It is designed to encourage both open-source collaboration and commercial use.

The correct answer is Windows Key + D

Key Points

• Windows Key + D is the keyboard shortcut used to hide/show the desktop in a Windows system.
• Pressing this combination minimizes all open windows and displays the desktop.
• Pressing it again will restore the windows to their previous state.
• This shortcut is useful for quickly accessing the desktop without closing any applications or windows.

Additional Information

• Windows Key + M can also be used to minimize all windows, but it does not toggle them back like Windows Key + D.
• Windows Key + H is used for dictation in Windows.
• Alt + Ctrl + H and Alt + Ctrl + D do not have any predefined functions in Windows for showing or hiding the desktop.
• Knowing keyboard shortcuts can significantly improve productivity by reducing the time spent navigating through the user interface.

The logic follow here is:

Logic: (√1st number × (√3rd number ÷ 2) ) = 2nd number.

For (4, 5, 25)

→ ( √4 × (√25 ÷ 2) ) 

→ ( 2 × (5 ÷ 2) )

→ ( 2 × 2.5)

→ 5 (equal to 2nd number)

Check each option:

Option 1) (25, 10, 16)

→ ( √25 × (√16 ÷ 2) ) 

→ ( 5 × (4 ÷ 2) )

→ ( 5 × 2)

→ 10 (equal to 2nd number)

Option 2) (64, 24, 49)

→ ( √64 × (√49 ÷ 2) ) 

→ ( 8 × (7 ÷ 2) )

→ ( 8 × 3.5)

→ 28 ≠ 2nd number

Option 3) (49, 42, 144)

→ ( √49 × (√144 ÷ 2) ) 

→ ( 7 × (12 ÷ 2) )

→ ( 7 × 6)

→ 42 (equal to 2nd number)

Option  4) (36, 24, 64)

→ ( √36 × (√64 ÷ 2) ) 

→ ( 6 × (8 ÷ 2) )

→ ( 6 × 4)

→ 24 (equal to 2nd number)

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 2".

The logic follow here is:

All number are even number except one number.

62, 54, 64, are even numbers and 57 is odd number.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 4".

Meaning of given words:

Mule: A mule is a hybrid animal and primarily used to carry heavy loads.

Camel: A camel is adapted to desert environment, are used for transportation in

desert regions.

Donkey: Donkey is known for its ability to carry heavy loads.

Cow: A cow is a domesticated animal and, primarily raised for milk. Cows are

also considered sacred in some cultures.

So, Mule, Camel and Donkey all are commonly used as working animals to transport goods. 

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 4".

Given equation:

42 * 7 * 3 * 2 * 20

Check each option and apply BODMAS rule.

Option 1) × - + =

After putting sign.

→ 42 × 7 - 3 + 2 = 20

→ 294 - 3 + 2

→ 293 ≠  20

Option 2) - × ÷ =

→ 42 - 7 × 3 ÷ 2 = 20

→ 42 - 7 × 1.5 

→ 42 - 10.5 

→ 31.5 ≠ 20

Option 3) + = ÷ ×

→ 42 + 7 = 3 ÷ 2 × 20

→ 42 + 7 = 1.5 × 20

→ 49 ≠ 30 

Option 4) ÷ × + =

→ 42 ÷ 7 × 3 + 2 = 20

→ 6 × 3 + 2

→ 18 + 2

→ 20 = 20.

So, In option 4 we get the correct answer.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 4".

Given series:

  

 

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 3".

The logic follow here is:

Logic: 1st logic: If 3rd and 1st letter are even and odd then we subtract their place value and get 2nd letter.

2nd logic: If 3rd and 1st letter are even place value then we subtract 1 from 3rd letter and get 2nd letter.

Thus, DST will come next in the series.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 1".

The logic follow here is:

So, "JEV" is the missing letter in the series.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 4".

Given:

98 L 7 O 26 M 18 = ?

New equation after replacing symbols-

98 ÷ 7 + 26 - 18 = ?

According to the BODMAS rule-

→ 98 ÷ 7 + 26 - 18 = ?

→ 14 + 26 - 18 

→ 40 - 18 

→ 22 

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 4".

Given:

A man is facing south. He turns 135° in the anticlockwise direction and then

180° in the clockwise direction.

Now, man is facing in South-West direction.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 1".

The logic follow here is:

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 4".

Given:

Ram is ranked 13th from the top.

Sham is ranked 14th from the top.

Rank from the bottom = Total number of students − Rank from the top + 1

For Sham:

Rank from the bottom

= 23 − 14 + 1

= 10

For Ram:

Rank from the bottom

<br>

= 23 − 13 + 1

= 11.

So, Sham rank from bottom is 10th and Ram rank from bottom is 11th.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 4".

Given:

Thread is called knife.

Knife is called scissor.

Scissor is called needle.

Needle is called cutter.

Cutter is called machine.

We need to find out which tool is used to cut vegetables.

The tool we use to cut vegetables is a knife. However, in the given case, knife

is called scissor.

So, we use Scissor for cutting the vegetables.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 1".

The logic follow here is:

Logic: First consonants are arrange increasing order and then vowels are arrange in increasing order.

Option A and D follow the same logic.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 1".

The logic follow here is:

SALT ∶ OWWEHPPX

Similarly, 

GAME ∶ ?

So, 'CKWEIQAI' is the correct answer.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 4".

The logic followed here is:

So, the missing number in a series is 27.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 1".

Given:

Aman is sitting in between Ronak and Rajat in the class and is 8 places after Ronak.

Aman's rank is 20th from the start,

Rajat is 16th from the end.

Now, Aman rank from last = Rajat rank from end + 7 students sitting between them + 1

= 16 + 7 + 1

= 24.

Now,

Total students in a class = Aman rank from left end + Aman rank from last - 1

= 20 + 24 - 1

= 43.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 1".

The logic follow here is:

Logic: In each option we have vowel except one.

Option 1)

UHRNI: Contain 2 vowels (U, I) and 3 consonants.

Option 2)

HBOKL: Contain 1 vowel (O) and 4 consonants.

Option 3)

AIJBY: Contain 2 vowels (A, I) and 3 consonants.

Option 4)

KLTNV: Contain 0 vowel and 5 consonants.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 4".

Given:

Five boys are standing in a row facing towards South.

Jack is standing in the immediate right of Harry.

Sam is between Jack and Tom.

Tom is between Nick and Sam.

So, SAM is standing in the middle of the row.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 4".

The logic follow here is:

Logic: (Place value of letter)² = Number.

For example,

B place value is 2,

→ (2)² = 4.

Check each option,

Option 1) i81 

i place value is 9,

→ (9)2 = 81

Option 2) o225 

o place value is 15,

→ (15)2 = 225.

Option 3) k121 

k place value is 11,

→ (11)2 = 121.

Option 4) p255 

p place value is 16,

→ (16)2 = 256 ≠ 255

Thus, Option 4 not follow the same logic.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 4".

Given:

Articles: Articles are written pieces of text, commonly found in newspapers,

magazines, or online. 

Encyclopedias: Encyclopedias are collections of detailed information on

various topics. They are used for reference and learning.

Dictionaries: Dictionaries provide definitions, meanings, spellings, and

pronunciations of words. They are also a source of knowledge and reference.

Calculator: A calculator is a device used for performing mathematical

calculations.

The first three options Articles, Encyclopedias, Dictionaries are all related to

written materials and are sources of knowledge. and Calculator is different from them.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 4".

The logic follow here is:

θ means ×  and ∂ means ÷ 

For, 5 θ 9 ∂ 3 = 15

→ 5 × 9 ÷ 3 = 15

→ 5 × 9 ÷ 3 

→ 5 × 3

→ 15 = 15

And, 

5 θ 6 ∂ 2 = 15

→ 5 × 6 ÷ 2 = 15

→ 5 × 6 ÷ 2 

→ 5 × 3

→ 15 = 15

Similarly, for

6 θ 8 ∂ 2 = ?

→ 6 × 8 ÷ 2 = 

→ 6 × 8 ÷ 2 

→ 6 × 4

→ 24 

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 4".

Given:

Opposite pairs:

A ⇔ C

B ⇔ D

E ⇔ F

Note :- Two opposite pairs are never seen together or adjacent to each other.

Check each option,

Option 1)

This cannot be possible as B and D are opposite pair.

Option 2)

This can be possible as no pairs are opposite to each other.

Option 3)

This cannot be possible as E and F are opposite pair.

Option 4)

This cannot be possible as A and C are opposite pair.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 2".

Given:

X bought a product and sold it to Y for Rs. 2100

Y marked the price of the product 50% above the cost price.

Y  sold it at a discount of 12%.

Calculation:

Cost price of Y = Rs. 2100

Marked price of Y = 2100 + 50% of 2100 = Rs. 3150

∵ Selling price = Marked price – Discount

⇒ Selling price of Y = 3150 – 12% of 3150 = Rs. 2772

⇒ Profit earned by Y = 2772 – 2100 = Rs. 672

∵ X and Y earned equal profit,

⇒ Profit earned by X = Rs. 672

∵ Selling price of X = Rs. 2100

∴ X bought the product for = 2100 – 672 = Rs. 1428

Given:

Average number of books per language = 525 

Average number of books per regional language =  225.

Total number of Hindi and English books in the library  = 2100

Calculation:

Let the number of regional languages be ‘x’

⇒ Total no. of languages = x + 2

∵ Average no. of books per language = 525

⇒ Total no. of books in library = 525 × (x + 2) = 525x + 1050

Also, average no. of books per regional language = 225

⇒ Total no. of books in regional languages = 225x

⇒ Total no. of books in Hindi and English = 525x + 1050 – 225x = 300x + 1050

Now,

Total no. of books in Hindi and English – Total no. of books in regional languages = 2100

⇒ 300x + 1050 – 225x = 2100

⇒ x = 1050/75 = 14

∴ No. of regional languages = 14

Concept Used:

P(Face card) = Number of face cards / Total number of cards

Calculation:

A standard deck of 52 playing cards contains 12 face cards.

There are four suits (hearts, diamonds, clubs, and spades) and each suit has three face cards (King, Queen, and Jack).

So the probability of drawing a face card will be :

⇒ $\dfrac{12}{52}$

⇒ $\dfrac{3}{13}$

The correct answer is option 2

Given :

 AB = 6 cm, PB = 5 cm, PD = 5 cm

Calculation:

Let the length of CD be x, PA = (5 + 6 = 11) and PC = (5+ x)

As we know,

PB × PA = PD × PC

⇒ 5 × 11 = 5 × (5 + x)

⇒ (5+ x) = 55/45

⇒ (5 + x) = 11

⇒ x = 11 - 5 = 6 cm 

The correct answer is option 4 i.e.6 cm

Concept used :

Total number of students in college = number of boys + number of girls.

Calculation :

The percentage of boys is the highest  in college A :

⇒ $\dfrac{600 }{1100} \times100$ = 54.54%

The percentage of boys is the highest  in college B:

⇒ $\dfrac{450}{1000} \times100$ = 45%

The percentage of boys is the highest  in college C:

⇒ $\dfrac{750}{1400} \times100$ = 53.57%

The percentage of boys is the highest  in college D ⇒ $\dfrac{700}{1300} \times100$ = 53.84%

The percentage of boys is the highest  in college E:

⇒ $\dfrac{800}{1450} \times100$ = 55.17%

The percnatege of boys is highest in College E

Given:

Curved surface area = 132 cm2

Diameter = 7 cm

Formula used:

Curved surface area = 2 × π × radius × height

Calculation:

Radius = diameter/2 = 7/2 cm

2 × π × radius × height = Curved surface area

⇒ 2 × (22/7) × (7/2) × height = 132

⇒ Height = 6 cm

∴ The correct answer is 6 cm.

Formula used:

Ø = (30)H - (11/2)M  OR = (11/2)M - (30)H

Where:

H = Hour

M = Minute

Ø = The angle between the hour hand and the minute hand.

Calculation :

Ø = (30)H - (11/2)M

Ø = (30 × 3) - (11/2)(25) 

= 90 -$\dfrac{275}{2}$ 

= $\dfrac{180 - 275 }{2}$

= 47.5 degrees

Here, the angle between the hour hand and the minute hand is  47.5 degrees..

Calculation:

Total number of men whose salaries are 41-45 (in thousand rupees)  from company C

⇒ 16 

Total number of men whose salaries are 36-40 (in thousand rupees)  from company C

⇒ 14

total number of men whose salaries are more than 35 thousand from Company C :

⇒ 16 + 14 

⇒  30