MP Patwari Group-2 (Sub Group-4) 2022 Official Paper (Held On: 21 Mar, 2023 Shift 1) (Previous Year Paper)

The Correct answer is 2018

Key Points

• MPIDC (MP Industrial Development Corporation Limited) is the Single Window Secretariat for Investment Promotion and Facilitation in the state.
• MPIDC has launched an Integrated New Venture Establishment Portal (INVEST), which is the Single Window Portal for the state.
• INVEST is acting as a one-stop solution for any investor wanting to establish & operate a business in the state.
• INVEST portal will provide investors with a hassle-free experience with no physical touch point at the department level. It will act as a one-stop solution for any investor willing to set up a business in the State.
• Now investors would not be required to visit different state department portals, rather they can avail of various services/approvals required for setting up their business through INVEST Portal.

Features of INVEST

• Real time tracking
• Single Interface for all approvals
• Investment Wizard
• Trade & Investment Facilitation

The correct answer is Devalued

Key Points Economic Reform of 1991

• India experienced a severe financial crisis in 1991. A critical Balance of Payments issue started the crisis. The crisis was used as a wonderful chance to overhaul the economy of the nation, its structure, and to implement significant reforms in economic policy.
• Stabilization measures and structural changes were implemented by the administration. The former was intended to reduce rigidities in the various Indian economic sectors, whereas the latter was intended to address vulnerabilities that had surfaced on the fiscal and BoP fronts.
• P V Narasimha Rao was India's Prime Minister at the time the New Economic Policy (NEP) was unveiled, and Dr. Manmohan Singh was the Finance Minister.

​

Important Points

Monetary Measurements

In 1991, the rupee's value devalued. The currency rate was the subject of the new government's first significant move.

• Devaluation of the rupee: On July 1, 1991, the government and Reserve Bank of India (RBI) began a two-step devaluation of the rupee. The first devaluation was around 9% versus major currencies, and the second was about 11% two days later.
• Over 47 tonnes of gold were sent by the Reserve Bank of India to the Bank of England. It served as collateral for India's request for loans from Japan and England for foreign exchange.
• In order to obtain foreign money, the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) simultaneously sold about 20 tonnes of gold to a Swiss bank. Nevertheless, there was a catch—the gold had to be bought back after six months.
• The government used a variety of financial techniques to reduce the imports. This reduced some of the burden from currency fluctuations.

Hence, it can be concluded that the correct answer is option 1.

The correct answer is The Ionosphere

The atmosphere around the earth:

• The atmosphere consists of different layers with varying densities and temperatures.
• The column of the atmosphere is divided into five different layers depending upon the temperature condition.
• They are troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere, and exosphere.

Key Points 

The Ionosphere

• It is located between 80 and 400 km above the mesopause.
• It contains electrically charged particles known as ions, and hence, it is also known as the ionosphere.
• Radio waves transmitted from the earth are reflected back to the earth by this layer.
• This layer helps in the transmission of radio waves.
• The temperature here starts increasing with height.

Hence, option 2 is the correct answer.

Additional Information 

The troposphere

• It is the lowermost layer of the atmosphere.
• Its average height is 13 km and extends roughly to a height of 8 km near the poles and about 18 km at the equator.
• The thickness of the troposphere is greatest at the equator because heat is transported to great heights by strong convectional currents.
• This layer contains dust particles and water vapor.
• All changes in climate and weather take place in this layer.
• The temperature in this layer decreases at the rate of 1°C for every 165 m of height.
• This is the most important layer for all biological activity.

The stratosphere

• It is found above the tropopause and extends up to a height of 50 km.
• One important feature of the stratosphere is that it contains the ozone layer.
• This layer absorbs ultra-violet radiation and shields life on the earth from an intense, harmful form of energy.

The mesosphere

• It lies above the stratosphere, which extends up to a height of 80 km.
• In this layer, once again, the temperature starts decreasing with the increase in altitude and reaches up to minus 100°C at a height of 80 km.
• The upper limit of the mesosphere is known as menopause.

The exosphere

• It is the uppermost layer of the atmosphere.
• This is the highest layer but very little is known about it.
• Whatever contents are there, these are extremely rarefied in this layer, and it gradually merges with outer space.

The correct answer is 13

Key Points

• As of 2023, 13 Maharatna Companies in India.
• In 2009, Government established the Maharatna status, which rises the company,s investment ceiling from 1,000 crores to 5,000 crores.
• The Maharatna firms would now be free to decide on investments up to 15 percent of their net worth in a project.​
• A new addition in 2023 is Oil India Limited.

Additional Information

• List of Maharatna Companies
• | Founding Year | Company Name | | --- | --- | | 1964 | Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited (BHEL) | | 1952 | Bharat Petroleum Corporation Limited (BPCL) | | 1975 | Coal India Limited (CIL) | | 1984 | Gas Authority of India Limited (GAIL) | | 1974 | Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Limited (HPCL) | | 1959 | Indian Oil Corporation Limited (IOCL) | | 1975 | National Thermal Power Corporation (NTPC) | | 1956 | Oil and Natural Gas Corporation (ONGC) | | 1989 | Power Grid Corporation of India | | 1954 | Steel Authority of India Limited (SAIL) | | 1986 | Power Finance Corporation | | 1959 | Oil India Limited |

Correct answer is Money 

Key Points

• Fixed capital includes the assets and capital investments – such as property, plant, and equipment – that are needed to conduct business, even at a minimal stage.
• Money is not included in fixed capital.

The correct answer is 3

Key Points

• A particularly vulnerable tribal group or PVTG  in the context of India, is a sub-classification of a Scheduled Tribe or section of a Scheduled Tribe, that is considered more vulnerable than a regular Scheduled Tribe.
• The PVTG list was created by the Indian Government with the purpose of better improving the living standards of endangered tribal groups based on priority.PVTGs reside in 18 States and one union territory.
• There are 3 Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs) are there in Maharashtra
• Katharina /kathod
• Kolam
• Maria Gond

The correct answer is Pachmari

Pachmarhi is widely known as Satpura ki Rani (“Queen of Satpura”), situated at a height of 1100 m in a valley of the Satpura Range in Hoshangabad district.

Key Points 

• Pachmarhi is a hill station in the Hoshangabad district of Madhya Pradesh state.
• The name Pachmarhi is believed to be derived from the Hindi words Panch ("five") and Marhi ("caves").
• These caves were built by five Pandava brothers of the Mahabharatha era during their thirteen years of exile.
• The caves are situated on a hilltop and provide an excellent vantage point.
• Before the British, the Pachmarhi region came under the kingdom of the Gond king Bhawut Singh, although it was not a populated village or town at that time.
• Captain James Forsyth of the British Army along with Subhedar Major Nathoo Ramji Powar who was later made the Kotwal of Pachmarhi, spotted the plateau in the Pachmarhi region in 1857, while leading his troops on the way to Jhansi.

Additional Information 

• The Satpura Range is a range of hills in central India.
• The range rises in the eastern Gujarat state running east through the border of Maharashtra and Madhya Pradesh to the east till Chhattisgarh.
• The range parallels the Vindhya Range to the north, and these two east-west ranges divide Indian Subcontinent into the Indo-Gangetic plain of northern India and the Deccan Plateau of the south.
• The Narmada River originates from the north-eastern end of Satpura in Amarkantak.
• The Satpura Range is a horst mountain and is flanked by Narmada Graben in the north and much smaller but parallel Tapi Graben in the south.

The correct answer is Bhopal.

Key Points 

• Bhojtal, formerly known as Upper Lake is situated in the western part of Bhopal, the capital city of Madhya Pradesh.
• It is said to have been made by King Bhoj or Pramara Dynasty in the 11th century, it is also believed that he established the city of Bhopal.
• It is constructed on Kolans river.
• It is created by a dam named Bhadbhada dam constructed in 1965 at the southeast corner of the lake.
• The lake was known as Upper Lake or Bada Talab till March 2011, later it was renamed Bhojtal in the honor of King Bhoj who constructed it.

Additional Information 

The correct answer is Hoshangabad.

Key Points 

• Bori Wildlife Sanctuary includes India's oldest forest preserve, the Bori Reserve Forest, established in 1865 along the Tawa River.
• The sanctuary covers an area of 518 km² (200 sq mi), located in the northern foothills of the Satpura Range.
• It is bounded by the Satpura National Park to the north and east, and by the Tawa River to the west.
• The sanctuary, together with Satpura National Park and the Pachmarhi Sanctuary, forms the Pachmarhi Biosphere Reserve.

Additional Information 

• Bamboo flora is rich in the Bori Wildlife Sanctuary.
• The Bori Wildlife Sanctuary is a wildlife sanctuary in Hoshangabad District of Madhya Pradesh state in central India.
• The sanctuary is mostly covered in mixed deciduous and bamboo forests, part of the Eastern Highlands moist deciduous forests ecoregion.
• It is an important transition zone between the forests of western and eastern India.
• Dominant trees include teak (Tectona grandis), dhaora (Anogeissus latifolia), tendu (Diospyros melanoxylon), among others.

The Correct Answer is "Lord Mountbatten".

Key Points 

• Lord Mountbatten was the last viceroy of India.
• Lord Mountbatten arrived in India in March 1947 and became viceroy of India.
• He was the last viceroy of British India.
• The 3 June 1947 plan was also known as the Mountbatten plan, which includes the Principle of the partition of British India.
• After the partition of India and Pakistan on 15 august 1947, he was appointed as the 1st governor-general of independent India.

 Important Points

• Lord Dufferin
• Dufferin became Viceroy of India after Lord Ripon in 1884 AD.
• The Bengal revenue law of 1885 was made, under which the farmers were guaranteed the security of the land during the tenure of Lord Dufferin.
• The first session of the Indian National Congress in Bombay in 1885.
• It is the most important event in Lord Dufferin's tenure.
• Lord Curzon 
• Lord Curzon, India’s Viceroy between 1899 and 1905, was one of the most controversial and consequential holders of that post.
• The partition of the undivided Bengal Presidency in 1905 was one of Curzon’s most criticised moves, which triggered widespread opposition not only in Bengal but across India, and gave impetus to the freedom movement.
• He introduced the Indian Universities Act in 1904.
• This act allowed the Government to appoint a majority of the fellows mates in a university.
• Calcutta Municipal Amendment Act of 1899 throws light on the interplay of bureaucratic and legislative procedures with informal political processes both of the Administration and the "Opposition".
• The act was intended to prevent the vernacular press from expressing criticism of British policies it excluded English-language publications.
• Lord Lansdowne
• During the term of Lord Lansdowne (1888-1893), Indian Council Act was passed in 1892.
• The significance of the Indian Council Act is to enlarge the Membership of central legislative councils.
• It transformed the viceroy’s Executive Council into a miniature cabinet on the portfolio system.

The correct answer is Kaif Bhopali

Key Points

• Kaif Bhopali was an Indian Urdu poet and lyricist. He was a poet in the Urdu mushaira circles and is known as the writer of songs like Chalo Dildar Chalo, sung by Mohd. Rafi in Kamal Amrohi's 1972 classic, Pakeezah.
• Kaif Bhoopali wrote lyrics for many Bollywood films like Pakeezah (1972), where he wrote songs like Teer-E-Nazar and Chalo dildar chalo chand ke paar chalo.

Additional Information Sameer Anjaan

• Shitala Pandey, better known as Sameer Anjaan or Sameer, is an Indian lyricist, known for writing songs predominantly for Bollywood films.
• He is a Guinness World Record holder for writing the most songs.
• His father is the famed Hindi lyricist, Lalji "Anjaan" Pandey. He has won three Filmfare Awards.

Shailendra

• Shailendra was a popular Indian Hindi-Urdu Poet, lyricist and film producer.
• Noted for his association with the filmmaker Raj Kapoor, singer Mukesh, and the composers Shankar–Jaikishan, he wrote lyrics for several successful Hindi film songs in the 1950s and the 1960s.

The correct answer is Britain.

Key Points 

• Britain has an unwritten or uncodified constitution, meaning they do not have a single written document that defines all the laws, rules and regulations.
• Israel, Canada, Saudi Arabia, and New Zealand are other countries that do not have a written constitution.

Additional Information 

• An unwritten constitution refers to a constitution that has not been codified in a structured manner.
• The unwritten constitution evolves over a long period with new laws and guidelines being added over time.
• In a country with an unwritten constitution, the parliament is supreme.
• The judiciary has limited powers.
• Magna Carta can be considered the earliest form of an unwritten constitution.

The correct answer is Chaitra.

Key Points

• The Gangaur festival is celebrated in Chaitra month.
• Gana is a synonym of Lord Shiva and Gaur stands for Gauri or Parvati who symbolizes Saubhagya.
• Gangaur is colorful and one of the most important festivals of the people of Rajasthan and is observed throughout the state with great fervor and devotion by womenfolk who worship Gauri, the wife of Lord Shiva.
• It is the celebration of spring, harvest, and marital fidelity.

The correct answer is Gwalior.

Key Points

• The Tansen Award was founded in 1980.
• Tansen Award conferred to the exponents of Hindustani music.
• The award is organized every year by the Madhya Pradesh culture department in memory of; Tansen.
• The award is presented during the Tansen Samaroh at Gwalior.
• Satish Vyas, a famous Santoor Player honored with the Tansen Samman in 2020.

Additional Information

• Tansen was an Indian musician and poet.
• The famous singer Tansen was from Gwalior.
• He was an important figure in the North Indian tradition of Hindustani classical music.
• He was a court musician during the reign of Mughal emperor Akbar.
• He is considered as one of the Navaratnas (nine jewels) of Akbar's court.

correct answer is Raja Ali Khan

Additional Information

• The Jama Masjid in Sehore in the state of Madhya Pradesh was constructed by Muhgisuddin Shah.
• The Jama Masjid was built in 732 hijri and renovated by Begum Sikandar Jahan in 1281.
• It is said to possess a picturesque Bawadi (water-tank).
• It is located on the Bhopal-Indore highway, 40 km away from the state capital, Bhopal.
• Sehore is also famous for Swayambhu Shree Chintaman Ganesh temple and high-quality Sharbati wheat.

The correct answer is Asia.

Key Points 

• Asia is the largest continent in the world both in terms of size and population.
• It has a geographical area of approximately 44,391,162 square km.
• After Asia, the second largest continent is Africa followed by North America, South America, Antarctica, Europe, and Australia.

The correct answer is Zinc.

Key Points

• Galvanization is the process of applying a zinc layer on Iron and Steel to prevent corrosion.
• Galvanization is done by two methods-
• Dipping metal in hot molted Zinc
• By process of Electroplating
• Mechanism-
• The Zinc layer protects the Iron surface from interacting with the atmosphere thus preventing corrosion of the surface.

Important Points 

Examples of corrosion are-

• Silver tarnishing/blackening
• Brownish layer on Iron surface
• Green coloured layer on copper or brass surface
• Dull aluminium surface

Additional Information 

• Some other methods to prevent corrosion are as below-
• Metal Type
• Protective Coating
• Environmental Measures
• Sacrificial Coatings
• Corrosion Inhibitors
• Design Modification

The correct answer is 6

Key Points

• 41 Ordnance Factories were set up in the country prior to 2014 to manufacture Arms, Ammunition, Artillery Guns, Tanks, Combat Vehicles, Troop Comfort items, Bi-Modular Charge Systems (BMCS), Small Arms, and other equipment required by the Armed Forces, Central Para Military Forces, State Police Organisations and Civil Indenters.
• The factory-wise details in Madhya Pradesh are given below.
• Ordnance Factory Itarsi (OFI) in 1979 for Various types of Propellants and Chemicals
• Ordnance Factory Katni (OFKAT) in 1942 for Non-Ferrous Rolled and extruded Sections, Cups for Small Arms Ammunitions, Diecast components, Heavy CaliberCartg. Cases
• Gun Carriage Factory (GCF) in 1904 for Light Field Gun, T-72 Tank Gun Recoil System, Carriages for Artillery Guns, Anti-Aircraft Gun, Various Types of Mortars, 12 Bore Pump Action Gun & various Ammunition Packages
• Ordnance Factory Khamaria (OFK) in 1943 for Small Arms Ammunition, Anti-Aircraft Ammunition, Anti-Tank Ammunition, Ammunition. For Air Force and Navy
• Vehicle Factory Jabalpur (VFJ) in 1969 for Army Transport & Logistic Vehicles and Variants, Mine Protected Vehicles
• Grey Iron Foundry (GIF) in 1972 for Automobile Casting of Grey and malleable Iron for Vehicles & other applications.

The correct answer is Vietnam

Key Points

• The 3rd Vietnam-India Bilateral Army Exercise “Ex VINBAX 2022” began on 1 Aug 2022 at Chandimandir.
• It will continue till 20 Aug 2022.
• The exercise is a sequel to a previously conducted bilateral exercise in Vietnam in 2019.
• The theme of Ex VINBAX - 2022 is the employment and deployment of an Engineer Company and a Medical Team as part of the United Nations Contingent for Peace Keeping Operations.

Additional Information Important Military Exercises of India and other countries ​

The correct answer is "called off".

Key Points

• The phrase "called off" is often used to signify the cancellation or postponement of an event or action, often due to an unexpected circumstance or problem. It is the correct phrase to use in this sentence as it suggests that the meetup was cancelled because of the incessant rain.
• For example, "The game was called off due to the poor weather conditions."
• Hence, the correct answer will be Option 3.

Additional Information

• Option 1: "Called out" is often used to describe the act of drawing attention to someone's behavior or actions, often in a critical manner. It does not fit into the context of this sentence. An example of usage would be, "She called out his rudeness in front of everyone at the party."
• Option 4: "Called down" is often used to signify that someone is being reprimanded or scolded. It does not fit into the context of this sentence. An example of usage would be, "He was called down by his teacher for not doing his homework."
• Therefore, the only suitable phrase that both fits the grammatical structure of the sentence and aligns with the context provided is "called off".

The correct answer is "My team leader gave me the most useful training during my job."

Key Points

• The original sentence is in the passive voice, "The most useful training during my job was given to me by my team leader."
• To turn it into the active voice, the subject should be doing the action.
• Here, "my team leader" is the one who did the action of giving the training.
• Since the action is already completed, we should use the simple past tense "gave".
• The sentence then becomes "My team leader gave me the most useful training during my job."
• Hence, the correct answer will be Option 4.

Additional Information

• Option 1: "My team leader has been giving me the most useful training during my job." This option suggests that the action of giving training is an ongoing process that started in the past and continues up until now, which is not the case.
• Option 2: "My team leader gives me the most useful training during my job." This sentence is in the present simple tense, which suggests that the action is a routine or a general truth, which does not fit the context of the original sentence.
• Option 3: "My team leader is giving me the most useful training during my job." This option is in the present continuous tense, which implies that the action is happening right now, which is not the case in the original sentence.
• So, after analyzing all options, we can conclude that Option 4 is the correct answer.

The correct answer is "Reverie".

Key Points

• Reverie means a state of being pleasantly lost in one's thoughts; a daydream. This exactly matches the provided definition.
• For example, "On sunny afternoons, he often sat on the park bench, lost in a peaceful reverie."
• Hence, the correct answer will be Option 3.

Additional Information

• Option 1: Hallucination refers to an experience involving the apparent perception of something not present, typically as a result of a mental disorder or of taking drugs. This does not fit the given definition as it implies a distortion of reality rather than a pleasant daydream.
• Option 2: Fantasy usually refers to the faculty or activity of imagining impossible or improbable things, and while this may involve daydreaming, it does not necessarily imply being pleasantly lost in one's thoughts.
• Option 4: Illusion refers to a deceptive appearance or impression, or a false idea or belief, which does not fit the given definition.
• Therefore, after evaluating all options, reverie (Option 3) is the correct answer.

The correct answer is "Shreya came and the prizes were delivered."

Key Points

• The original sentence is in the active voice: "Shreya came and delivered the prizes."
• To transform it into the passive voice, we shift the focus from the subject (Shreya) to the object (the prizes).
• The original verb, "delivered," becomes "were delivered" in the passive voice.
• The sentence then becomes "Shreya came and the prizes were delivered."
• Hence, the correct answer will be Option 4.

Additional Information

• Option 1: "Shreya was come and had delivered the prizes." This sentence is grammatically incorrect as "Shreya was come" is not a valid construction.
• Option 2: "Shreya came and had delivered the prizes." This option remains in the active voice and misuses the past perfect "had delivered," suggesting that the prizes were delivered before Shreya came, which is not what the original sentence implies.
• Option 3: "Shreya had come and the prizes were delivered." This option changes the tense from the simple past ("Shreya came") to the past perfect ("Shreya had come"), which is not accurate to the original sentence's tense.
• After analyzing all options, we can conclude that Option 4 is the correct answer.

The correct answer is "hard".

Key Points

• In the context of the sentence, a heavy frost would cause the ground to freeze, making it hard or firm.
• The sentence then reads, "There was a heavy frost last night and the ground is still hard."
• Hence, the correct answer will be Option 2.

Additional Information

• Option 1: "Jumpy" is not an appropriate adjective to describe the condition of the ground following a frost.
• Option 3: "Narrow" also does not make sense in this context, as it describes the width of something and not a condition caused by frost.
• Option 4: "Round" is not a suitable adjective either, as it describes a shape and not a state that can be caused by a frost.
• Therefore, after evaluating all options, "hard" (Option 2) is the most appropriate answer.

The correct answer is "whereas".

Key Points

• In this context, the sentence is making a comparison between the heights of two people.
• The conjunction "whereas" is used to show a contrast between two things, in this case, the man's short height and his sister's tall stature.
• Correct Sentence: "He’s quite short, whereas his sister is tall."
• Hence, the correct answer will be Option 4.

Additional Information

• Option 1: "Wherever" is a conjunction used to mean "in or to every place or situation".
• Option 2: "Whether" is a conjunction used to introduce alternatives.
• Option 3: "So that" is a conjunction used to indicate purpose or to show cause and effect.

The correct answer is "To be thought of by one".

Key Points

• The idiom "to cross one's mind" means to come into one's thoughts as a fleeting and random idea or memory.
• It is typically used to refer to thoughts that suddenly or randomly occur to someone without much consideration or planning.
• Example: "It never even crossed my mind that he might be lying."
• Hence, the correct answer will be Option 2.

The correct answer is 'The teacher told Naveen many times to stop talking in class. '.

Key Points

The sentence given is in passive voice. To change it to active voice, we need to:

• Identify the subject, verb and object of the passive sentence.
• Make the object of the passive sentence the subject of the active sentence.
• Use the base form of the verb or the appropriate tense without the verb be to form the active verb.
• Remove by and the subject of the passive sentence after the active verb, unless the subject is unknown or unimportant.
• In this question, the passive sentence is:
• Naveen was told many times to stop talking in class.
• The subject is Naveen, the verb is was told, and the object is many times to stop talking in class.
• To change it to active voice, we need to:
• Make the object (many times to stop talking in class) the subject of the active sentence.
• Use the past tense of tell (told) to form the active verb.
• Remove by and the subject (Naveen) after the active verb.
• The active sentence is:
• The teacher told Naveen many times to stop talking in class.
• Therefore, the correct answer is 4) The teacher told Naveen many times to stop talking in class.

The correct answer is 'educated'.

Key Points

• Educated is a word in standard English, meaning “having had a high standard of learning” or “showing good judgment or understanding”.
• The correct answer is 2) educated.
• Performence is not a word in standard English.
• The correct spelling is performance, meaning “the act of doing something, especially in a skilful way” or “the quality of how well or badly someone does something”.
• Representive is not a word in standard English.
• The correct spelling is representative, meaning “someone who speaks or does something officially for another person or group of people” or “typical of, or the same as, others in a larger group of people or things”.
• Asassin is not a word in standard English.
• The correct spelling is assassin, meaning “a person who murders an important person for political or religious reasons” or “a member of a secret organization that killed its enemies, especially in the 11th–13th centuries”.
• Therefore, the only word that is correctly spelt is educated.

The correct answer is 'DACB'.

Key Points

• For the first question, the most logical order of the sentences to form a coherent paragraph is option 2) DACB.
• This order effectively sets the scene (D: "It was burning hot"), identifies a specific detail about the scene (A: "The sun was directly above Rihashini's head..."), demonstrates the character's reaction to the situation (C: "She hopped from one foot to the other..."), and then indicates her desire as a result of this situation (B: "Rihashini longed for a chilled glass of lemonade...").
• Hence, the correct answer is Option 2.
• Complete Passage: It was burning hot. The sun was directly above Rihashini's head, a big ball of fierce orange in the sky. She hopped from one foot to the other, unable to bear the heat penetrating through her soles, hitting her little heart with hatred and vengeance. Rihashini longed for a chilled glass of lemonade to soothe her parched throat.

The correct answer is "provided that".

Key Points

• "Provided that" is a conjunction used to express a condition; something will only be done if something else happens or is done.
• The complete sentence is, "He's welcome to come along, provided that he behaves himself."
• It means that the person is welcome to join if (and only if) he behaves himself.

Hence, the correct answer will be Option 4.

Additional Information

• Option 1: "Despite of" is incorrect because it is not a standard English conjunction.
• The correct form is "despite", used to show contrast.
• For instance, "Despite the weather, we decided to go for a walk."
• However, "despite" doesn't fit here because the context requires expressing a condition, not a contrast.
• Option 2: "Still" is a conjunction that is used to show something continues to be true or to happen, often despite being surprising or unexpected.
• For instance, "I was tired but I still went to the party." It doesn't fit in this context because the sentence isn't showing an ongoing truth or a surprising or unexpected situation.
• Option 3: "Yet" is a conjunction used in negative statements to talk about something that has not happened up to the present time, although it probably will happen.
• For instance, "I haven’t met her yet." It is also used to introduce a contrasting idea.
• For instance, "It's a small car, yet it's surprisingly spacious."
• In this case, "yet" isn't correct because it doesn't fit the context of setting a condition.

For the given sentence, only "provided that" correctly provides the necessary conditional meaning, making Option 4 the correct choice.

The correct answer is "powerful".

Key Points

• The word "powerful" is an adjective, meaning having a lot of power, influence, or effect.
• In the context of an organization, it often means that a person has a lot of influence or decision-making authority.
• So, the sentence would read: "She's the most powerful person in the organization."
• Hence, the correct answer will be Option 4.

Additional Information

• Option 1: "Temper" is a noun that refers to a person's state of mind regarding being angry or calm. As it's a noun, it's not appropriate in this context where an adjective is required.
• Option 2: "Schedule" is also a noun. It usually refers to an arranged time or a plan for when things will happen. It doesn't fit in this sentence because it doesn't describe a person's attributes or characteristics.
• Option 3: "Temperament" is a noun referring to a person's or an animal's nature, especially as it permanently affects their behavior. Like "temper" and "schedule", it is also inappropriate in this context because an adjective is required.
• In this sentence, only "powerful" correctly describes a characteristic of the person and is an adjective, making Option 4 the correct choice.

The correct answer is "Release".

Key Points Let's look at the meanings of the given and the marked words:

• Imprison - It means to confine someone or to put them in prison.
• For Example - The judge decided to imprison the defendant for five years due to his repeated crimes."
• Release **-**To set free, to allow or enable escape from confinement.
• For Example - The bird was released into the wild after its wing healed.

Therefore, the correct answer is "Option 3".

Additional Information Let's look at the meanings of the other given options:

• Compensate: To provide (someone) with a just payment for loss or injury. It means to make up for an undesired event or action by providing equivalent value.
• Enslave: To make someone a slave, to reduce someone to a state of bondage or captivity. It refers to the condition where an individual's free will, choices or rights are taken away.
• Occupy: To take up space or time, to reside or have one's place of business in (a particular place).

The correct answer is "The teacher told me to finish the job by midnight."

Key Points

• The direct speech "told" is retained in the indirect speech as "told".
• The instruction given in direct speech ("Finish the job by midnight") is a command or request.
• When we change it into reported speech, we use the infinitive form ("to finish").
• The rest of the sentence remains unchanged.

Therefore, the correct answer is "Option 1".

The correct answer is "Virtuoso".

Key Points 

• "Virtuoso" is a person highly skilled in music or another artistic pursuit, and it can also extend to anyone who is highly skilled in any field.
• This term perfectly matches the given definition of one who possesses outstanding technical ability in a specific domain.
• For Example - John is a virtuoso in cooking; his dishes taste like they're from a five-star restaurant.

Therefore, the correct answer is "Option 2".

The correct answer is "To do things out of the proper order".

Key Points

• "To do things out of the proper order" is the correct choice.
• The phrase comes from the image of a cart being put before a horse, which is obviously the wrong order to get things moving.
• It is used to indicate that things are not being done in their logical sequence.

Therefore, the correct answer is "Option 3".

The correct answer is: Option 2.

Key Points

• The sentence is a question in indirect speech, and when converted to direct speech, it must follow proper question formation.
• The indirect speech phrase "what made me think" requires a present tense verb when transforming to direct speech.
• "Makes" is the correct present tense form, aligning with the subject "you."
• The structure "What makes you think" reflects a direct question that matches the indirect speech's meaning.

Therefore, the correct answer is: "What makes you think he isn't the man you want?" asked the man interestedly.

Key Points

• Option 1 uses "make" instead of "makes," which is grammatically incorrect for the third-person subject "you."
• Option 3's use of "is making" introduces an incorrect continuous tense.
• Option 4's use of "thinking" is also incorrect in the context.

The correct answer is: Manmohan asked us what he had stolen from our house the previous night.

Key Points

• In indirect speech, the past perfect tense is used to report questions in the past tense.
• "did steal" (past simple) in Direct Speech is changed to "had stolen" (past perfect) in Indirect Speech.
• The reporting verb "said to" changes to "asked" in indirect speech.
• The question word (here, "what") remains unchanged.
• The pronoun "your" changes to "our" to match the perspective of the speaker.
• The phrase "last night" changes to "the previous night" in indirect speech.

Hence, the correct answer is option 3.

Correct sentence: Manmohan asked us what he had stolen from our house the previous night.

The correct answer is "Led".

Key Points

• The most appropriate word to fill in the blank is "led".
• In this sentence, we need the past tense of the verb 'lead' because the sentence is talking about something that has already happened.
• 'Lead' is an irregular verb whose simple past tense and past participle is 'led'.
• We need the past participle 'led' in this case because we're dealing with a present perfect tense construction ('has led').

Therefore, the correct answer is "Option 3".

Complete Sentence: Indiscriminate exploitation of resources has led to global ecological crises such as, global warming, ozone layer depletion, environmental pollution and land degradation.

The errorneous part is: The US embassy in South Korea made.

Key Points

• In the second part of the given sentence, the phrase "made some waves" should be replaced with "created some waves" to maintain correct usage.
• The phrase "made some waves" is informal and not the most appropriate choice for formal writing.
• The correct sentence should be: "The US embassy in South Korea created some waves last year when it displayed a rainbow banner."

Hence, the correct answer is option 2.

Correct sentence: The US embassy in South Korea created some waves last year when it displayed a rainbow banner.

The correct answer is "has the potential to".

Key Points

• In this case, we use 'has' instead of 'have' because 'have' is used with plural subjects, while 'has' is used with singular subjects.
• Furthermore, the correct preposition to convey potentiality or capability is 'to' rather than 'in' or 'of'.
• Therefore 'has the potential to' is the correct grammatical structure.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 4".

Correct Sentence: The national park has the potential to power the entire continental U.S. with clean energy.

The correct answer is "to maintain or guard something temporarily".

Key Points

• Hold the fort - This idiomatic phrase indicates the situation where someone is left with the responsibility to manage, maintain, or guard a position (generally a position of leadership or responsibility) until the person normally in charge is able to return.
• For example - My boss is taking a two-week vacation. She asked me to hold the fort until she gets back.
• In a military context, it meant to watch and protect a fort when the main forces were out somewhere else.

​Therefore, the correct answer is "Option 4".

The correct answer is "Very attentive".

Key Points

• The phrase 'all ears' is an idiomatic expression.
• It means to be eagerly and completely paying attention to what someone else is saying. 
• For example - When the teacher started telling the ancient stories, the children were all ears.

Therefore, the correct answer is "Option 1".

The correct answer is "Has set".

Key Points

• The most appropriate phrase to fill in the blank is "has set".
• In this sentence, we are describing an action that happened in the past but is still relevant in the present.
• The action is the descent, which has an effect on the state of the ice crystals on the bottom surface of the sea ice.
• So, you should use the present perfect tense, which is formed by using "has" or "have" followed by the past participle form of the verb.
• In this case, the past participle of the verb "set" is "set."

Therefore, the correct answer is "Option 3".

Complete Sentence: The bottom surface of the sea ice is a thick slurry of floating ice crystals, and my descent has set them in motion.

The correct answer is: Interpreted.

Key Points

• The word "Interpreted" means to explain or make sense of something, often to understand its meaning or significance. (व्याख्या करना)
• Example: The teacher interpreted the complex theory in a simple way that everyone understood.
• "Interpreted" refers to explaining or translating something from one form or language into another. (व्याख्या करना)
• Example: He interpreted the results of the experiment to the team clearly and efficiently.
• Therefore, the correct answer is: Interpreted.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Convinient (सुविधाजनक): Refers to something that is easy to use or practical, but the correct spelling is Convenient.
• Example: The online shopping platform provides a convenient way to purchase items from home.
• Characterstic (विशेषता): Refers to a distinguishing trait or quality, but the correct spelling is Characteristic.
• Example: The characteristic feature of this breed is its long, fluffy fur.
• Afection (स्नेह): Refers to fondness or love, but the correct spelling is Affection.
• Example: She showed great affection towards her pet dog by caring for it every day.

The correct answer is Nucleotides

Key Points

• A gene is consider as the basic physical and functional unit of heredity.
• Genes are made up of Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA).
• Some genes act as instructions to make molecules called proteins.
• Many genes do not code for proteins.
• In humans, genes range in size from a few hundred DNA bases to more than 2 million bases.

The correct answer is 1.64 HP.

Key Points

• The weight of the elevator is 500 kg, and it is being lifted at a constant velocity of 0.25 m/s.
• The force required to lift the elevator is equal to its weight, calculated as F = m * g, where m is mass and g is gravitational acceleration (9.8 m/s²).
• Power (P) can be calculated using the formula P = F * v, where F is force and v is velocity.
• After calculating the power in watts, it is converted to horsepower (1 HP = 746 watts).
• The minimum horsepower required for the motor to lift the elevator at the given velocity is approximately 1.64 HP.

Additional Information

• Horsepower (HP)
• It is a unit of measurement of power, equivalent to 746 watts.
• Commonly used to describe the power output of engines and motors.
• 1 horsepower is also approximately equal to 550 foot-pounds per second.
• Force (F)
• Force is any interaction that, when unopposed, will change the motion of an object.
• It is measured in Newtons (N) in the International System of Units (SI).
• The formula to calculate force is F = m * g.
• Power (P)
• Power is the rate at which work is done or energy is transferred over time.
• It is measured in watts (W) in the International System of Units (SI).
• The formula to calculate power is P = F * v, where F is force and v is velocity.
• Gravitational acceleration (g)
• It is the acceleration due to Earth's gravity, approximately equal to 9.8 m/s².
• Used in calculations involving weight and force exerted by gravity.

The correct answer is Low pressure & high temperature 

 Key Points

• Real gases are those gases that have some attractive and repulsive force as well as some specific volume. 
• An ideal gas is those gases that do not have some attractive and repulsive force as well as no specific volume.

Ideal gas equation:

PV = nRT

Where P is pressure, V is volume, n is no. of moles, R is gas constant and T is temperature

• Real gases behave like an ideal gas at Low Pressure and High Temperature.

EXPLANATION:

• While deriving the ideal gas equation there are two assumptions that ideal gas follow:

1. The size of the molecules is nearly negligible.
2. An ideal gas is a gas that does not have some attractive and repulsive force.

• From the above assumptions, some real gases like hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, etc behave like ideal gases at  Low Pressure and High Temperature.

The correct answer is zero.

Key Points

• Surface tension is the property by virtue of which liquid tries to minimise its free surface area.
• In spherical shape the surface area is minimum and for this reason, the raindrops are spherical.
• Two factors can affect the surface tension of a liquid. The factors are;
• Temperature: If temperature increases then the surface tension of a liquid decreases. At the critical temperature the surface tension becomes zero.
• Soluble Impurities: In the case of less soluble impurities, the surface tension decreases. But, for highly soluble impurities in the liquid the surface tension increases.
• Examples:
• When kerosene oil is sprinkled on the water the surface decreases and for this reason, the mosquito larvas die due to sinking in the water.
• Warm soup is tasty because for high temperature the surface tension becomes low and spread equally over the tongue.
• The surface tension of antiseptics is low that the reason they reach in the small cracks of the wound and cleans the germs.
• The surface tension of soap solution is less than the pure water and for this reason, the soap solution cleans clothes better than pure water.

The correct answer is By the action of microorganisms

• Organic solid waste includes kitchen waste (spoiled food, fruits, vegetables) ash, soil, dung, parts of plants, etc.
• This waste is mainly of organic type and is called 'wet solid waste' or 'wet garbage'.

Key Points

Decomposition of organic matter in soil:

• Organic matter (or organic material) is a matter that has come from a recently living organism.
• It is capable of decay, or is the product of decay, or is composed of organic compounds.
• Soil is composed of minerals and organic matter, as well as living organisms.
• The organic matter in soil comes from plants and animals.
• In a forest, for example, leaf litter and woody material fall to the forest floor.
• This is one kind of organic material.
• When it decays to the point it is no longer recognizable it is called soil organic matter.
• Organic material breaks down to organic matter by soil microorganisms present in the soil.
• When the organic matter has broken down into stable humic substances that resist further decomposition it is called humus.
• Organic matter in the waste can be broken down into carbon dioxide, water, methane, or simple organic molecules by micro-organisms and other living things.
• The breakdown of solid waste can either be by natural processes or human-induced processes.
• The process by which organic matter is formed is by composting, aerobic digestion, anaerobic digestion, or other similar processes.

​Thus, the organic material in the buried solid waste will decompose by the action of microorganisms.

The correct answer is Tropical Deciduous Forests. 

Additional Information

• Tropical deciduous forests are distributed in states of Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, West Odisha and on the eastern slopes of Western Ghats.
• Characteristics of tropical deciduous forests;
• They are also called Monsoon Forests.
• Rainfall is in the range of 100-200 cms.
• The trees shed their leaves during the spring season.
• Teak is the most dominant species of this forest while Bamboos, Sal, Shisham, sandalwood, Kusum, Arjun, and mulberry are other commercially important species.
• Teak:
• Teak is one of the most important timber trees of India and Southeast Asia.
• The most important teak forests in India are in Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Andhra Pradesh.

The correct answer is 4 Kcal.

Key Points 

Calorie:

• It is a unit of energy.
• Specific definition is a calorie is the amount of energy, or heat, it takes to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water 1 degree Celsius.
• One calorie is equal to 4.184 joules.
• We associate calories with food, but they apply to anything containing energy.
• For example a gallon of gasoline contains about 31,000,000 calories.
• Carbohydrates provide 4 calories per gram, protein provides 4 calories per gram, and fat provides 9 calories per gram.

Protein:

• It is a chain of amino acids joined by peptide bonds in a specific sequence.
• Protein is an essential nutrient. There is no life without protein. Protein is contained in every part of your body, the skin, muscles, hair, blood, body organs, eyes, even fingernails and bone. Next to water, protein is the most plentiful substance in your body.

Structures of protein:

• Proteins catalyze metabolic reactions, power cellular motion and forms structural integrity to hair, bones, tendons and teeth.
• Human proteins therefore reflects the sophistication and diversity of their biologic roles.
• Therefore, maturation of a newly synthesized polypeptide into a biologically functional protein
• Requires folding into a specific three-dimensional arrangement, or conformation.

Correct answer is T. Weissman 

Key Points

Gregor Mendel gave the Laws of Inheritance based on his plant hybridization experiments on Pisum sativum (garden pea):

• Law of Dominance -
• It states that characters are controlled by discrete units called factors (alleles) which occur in pairs.
• It also states that in a dissimilar pair of alleles, one of the alleles is expressed (dominant) over the other (recessive).
• Law of Segregation - 
• It states that alleles do not show any blending and both parental characters are recovered in the F2 generation.
• It also states that during gamete formation, alleles of a pair separate in such a way that one gamete receives only one of the two alleles of a pair.
• It is also known as the Law of purity of gametes.
• It can be proved with a monohybrid cross.
• Law of Independent Assortment -
• It states that when 2 pairs of traits are combined in a hybrid, segregation of one pair is independent of the other pair.
• It can be proved with a dihybrid cross.

Therefore, the law that Mendel did not propose was law of blending inheritance.

Additional Information 

• In a monohybrid cross, the phenotypic ratio is 3:1.

• In a dihybrid cross, the phenotypic ratio is 9:3:3:1.

The correct answer is Chiru

Key Points

• Shahtoosh also known as Shatoush is a wool obtained from the fur of the chiru (Pantholops hodgsonii), also called Tibetan antelope).
• Shawls made from the wool of the chiru are called shahtoosh.
• Shahtoosh is the finest animal wool, followed by vicuña wool.
• Chiru lives in the harshest environments of the world, where the altitude is 5000 meters.
• They have a special type of down fur, which is light as well as warm, protecting them from the cold temperature of the environment.
• They are migratory animals and are commonly found in Tibet and Mongolia.
• The quality of Shahtoosh is determined by the major presence of Toosh down in the fabric.
• Chiru is an endangered animal.
• Traditional Kashmir Shawls are made of this wool.

Correct answer is 327 °C

Key Points

Gases that obey the gas laws (Charles law, Boyles law and Universal Gas Law) are called ideal gases.

Boyle’s, Charle's, and Gay Lussac's Laws describe the basic behaviour of fluids with respect to volume, pressure, and temperature.

Calculation:

Given:

V₂ = 2 V₁ , T₁ = 27° C = 300 K and P = Const.

from Charle's Law

⇒ V₁/T₁=V₂/T₂

⇒ T₂ = 2 × 300 = 600 K

⇒ T₂ = 600 - 273 = 327° C

The correct answer is Virus

Key Points

• The term Virus in Latin means Poison.
• Viruses are small submicroscopic pathogenic agents that infect all the different life forms, from animals and plants to microbes and archaea.
• TMV was the first discovered virus.
• The study of Virus is called Virology.

Explanation:

• Viruses are non-cellular, microscopic infectious vehicles that can only replicate inside a host cell. A virus cannot replicate outside a living cell. It requires a host body to complete its replication, without the host it is considered Non-living. It lives in the host body as an obligate, intracellular parasite.
• They enter the host cells and capture all their metabolic activity.

Additional Information

• The breakdown or dissolution of rocks and minerals on the Earth's surface is referred to as weathering.
• Carriers of weathering include water, ice, acids, salts, plants, animals, and variations in temperature.
• Rocks break down by a process called weathering.
• The effects of weathering and erosion cannot be resisted by any rock on Earth due to its softness.
• Breaking-up of rock surfaces can be done by Big trees, Moss, Lichens

The correct answer is Industrial pollution

Key Points

• Common industrial pollutants responsible for causing water pollution are sulfur, asbestos, noxious solvents, polychlorinated biphenyls, lead, mercury, nitrates, phosphates, acids, alkali, dyes, pesticides, benzene, chlorobenzene, carbon tetrachloride, toluene and volatile organic chemicals such as sulfur are harmful to marine life.
• Some industrial wastes are common waste, as well as domestic sewage.
• Such waste can be easily treated in municipal facilities.
• But some wastes, such as heavy metals like copper, chromium, cadmium, volatile organic compounds, and oils and fats need special treatment.
• Industries can install separate pre-treatment of such hazardous waste.

Correct answer is Temperature and specific volume

Key Points

Real gases:

• The ideal gas law is only an approximation to the actual behaviour of the gases.
• At high densities, that is at high pressure and low temperature, the behaviour of the actual or real gases deviate from that predicted by the ideal gas law.
• In general, at sufficiently low pressure or at low densities all gases behave like ideal gases.
• The ideal gases follow the characteristic gas equation and real gases follow the Van der Waals equation of state.

The ideal gas equation neglects the intermolecular forces and the volume occupied by the gas molecules. Vanderwall's gas equation takes into account these effects. Therefore real gasses follow Van der Waal's gas equation $\left(p+\frac{a}{v^2}\right)(V-b)=R T$

• The constants a and b have positive values and are characteristic of the individual gas. The van der Waals equation of state approaches the ideal gas equation when values of these constants approach zero.
• The constant a provides a correction for the intermolecular forces (force of cohesion)
• Constant b is a correction for finite molecular size and its value is the volume of one mole of the atoms or molecules.

Correct answer is Kill the harmful microorganisms 

Key Points

• Chlorine is commonly used in municipal water treatment plants as a disinfectant to kill harmful microorganisms present in the water.
• It effectively destroys bacteria, viruses, and other pathogens that can cause waterborne diseases.
• When chlorine is added to water, it reacts with organic compounds and disrupts the cellular structures of microorganisms, thereby killing them or rendering them harmless. This process is known as chlorination.
• By using chlorine in water treatment, the risk of waterborne diseases, such as cholera, typhoid, and dysentery, is significantly reduced.
• It helps to ensure that the water supplied to households is safe for consumption.

The correct answer is  Pollutants

Key Points

Primary pollutants

• Pollutants which are emitted directly from identifiable sources, emitted from  natural hazardous events like dust storms, volcanoes, etc or from human activities like burning of wood, coal, and oil in homes or industries or automobiles, etc.
• The following five primary pollutants contribute to about 90% of the global air pollution:
• The important primary air pollutants are:
• Oxides of sulphur, particularly the sulphur dioxide (SO2);
• Oxides of carbon like carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide (CO2), particularly the carbon monoxide (CO);
• Oxides of nitrogen, like NO, NO2, NO3 (expressed as NOx);
• Volatile organic compounds, mostly hydrocarbons; and
• Suspended particulate matter (SPM).

Secondary pollutants.

• The primary pollutants often react with one another or with water vapour, aided and abetted by the sunlight, to form entirely a new set of pollutants, called the secondary pollutants.
• These are the chemical substances, which are produced from the chemical reactions of natural or anthropogenic pollutants or due to their oxidation, etc., caused by the energy of the sun.
• The important secondary pollutants are:
• Sulphuric acid (H2SO4);
• Ozone (O3);
• Formaldehyde; and
• Peroxy-acyl-nitrate (PAN) etc

Additional Information

• Primary Pollutants: Co, CO2, SOX, NOX, Aerosols, Bacteria, Pollens, Suspended particulates, Fly ash, Mist, Dew, Mist, Soot, Volcanoes, etc.
• Secondary Pollutants: Chlorofluorocarbon, Ozone, Smog, Acid rain (H2SO4, HNO3, H2CO3), PAN (Peroxyacetyl Nitrate), PBN (Peroxybutyl Nitrate), PPN (Peroxypropyl Nitrate)

Correct answer is These rocks are resistant to all kinds of erosion.

Key Points

Granite

1. The main composition of granite is feldspar, quartz, mica, and amphibole minerals.
2. Granite is hard, coarse-grained rocks of crystalline structure.
3. It is a type of igneous rock (plutonic rocks).
4. It is costly and mainly used for heavy engineering work.

Additional Information

Correct answer is Manure

Key Points

• Manures are plant and animal wastes that are used as sources of plant nutrients.
• They release nutrients after their decomposition.
• It is an organic matter which helps to increase the fertility of the soil and retain the water-holding capacity of the soil.
• It is prepared by the decomposition of biodegradable waste into the simpler compound which is known as humus.
• Prepared from animal refuse and rotten vegetables

Additional Information

• Insecticide
• Insecticides (bug killers), herbicides (weed killers), and fungicides (fungus killers) are all pesticides.
• Internationally, pesticides are regulated through two treaties-
• Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs treaty) addresses toxins that persist, move around the world on wind and water, and bioaccumulate (DDT, for example) and
• Rotterdam Convention on Prior Informed Consent (PIC treaty) gives countries the right to refuse the import of highly hazardous toxins.
• Pesticide
• Pesticides are chemical compounds used to combat pests such as insects, rodents (like rats), fungi, and parasitic plants (weeds).
• The pesticide consisting of the word 'pest' (a destructive insect or another animal that attacks crops, food, livestock, etc) thus meaning, any substance or a mixture of substances whose aim is to destroy or control the impact of any pest.
• Fertilizers
• Fertilisers are chemical substances that are rich in a particular nutrient.
• Fertilisers are very rich in plant nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus & potassium.
• Some examples of fertilisers are— urea, ammonium sulphate, superphosphate, potash, NPK (Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium).
• They are used to ensure good vegetative growth (leaves, branches and flowers), giving rise to healthy plants.
• The use of fertilisers leads to a better yield of crops such as wheat, paddy and maize. But excessive use of fertilisers also makes the soil less fertile.
• Fertilisers have also become a source of water pollution.

The correct answer is Swachh Bharat Mission.

Key Points

• Swachh Bharat Mission -
• “Swachh Bharat Mission” was launched to accelerate the efforts for universal sanitation coverage and to emphasize cleanliness.
• The scheme was launched by Prime Minister Modi on October 2, 2014.
• The objective of this mission is to achieve the goal of Swachh Bharat by October 02, 2019, paying tribute to the 150th anniversary of Mahatma Gandhi.​

Additional Information

• National Rural Drinking Water Program -
• It is run by the Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation.
• This scheme was launched by the 'Department of Drinking Water Supply', 'Ministry of Rural Development, Government of India on 1st April 2009.
• The main objective of this scheme is to ensure drinking water security for all the rural citizens of India.
• Prime Minister Ujjwala Yojana -
• This scheme has been started by Prime Minister Modi Ji.
• This scheme was started on 1st May 2016 from the Ballia district of Uttar Pradesh.
• It is administered by the 'Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas'.
• This scheme was started for a healthy and safe environment and more protection for women.​
• Prime Minister's Suraksha Bima Yojana -
• This scheme was launched by 'Prime Minister Narendra Modi' on 8 May 2015.
• Through this scheme, there is an important effort to help the future of the weaker sections and their families.
• In this, the policyholder will have to deposit an amount of Rs. 12 only in a year.​

Correct answer is 1, 2 and 3

Additional Information

Concept:

• Conservative force: A force is conservative if the work done by the force in displacing an object from one point to another point is independent of the path followed by the object and depends only on the endpoints.
• Electrostatic forces, gravitational forces, elastic forces, spring forces, magnetic forces, etc and are examples of a conservative force.
• Non-conservative forces: A force is said to be non-conservative if work done by or against the force in moving a body from one position to another, depends on the path followed between these two positions.
• Example:  Frictional force, Viscous force, Airdrag, etc.

Explanation:

• If a body of mass m lifted to height h from the ground level by a different path, then the work done in each case will be the same. Therefore, in conservative force work done by the force in displacing an object from one point to another point is independent of path followed by the object and depends only on the endpoints.

• If a body is moved from position A to another position B on a rough table, work done against frictional force shall depend on the length of the path between A and B and not only on the position A and B. Therefore, in non-conservative force work done by or against the force in moving a body from one position to another, depends on the path followed between these two positions.

Correct answer is One after the other i.e. series

Key Points

Series connection:

• Increases output voltage.
• Capacity remains the same (measured in ampere-hours).

Parallel connection:

• Increases capacity (Ampere-hour)
• The output voltage remains the same.

The correct answer is Tricophyton 

​Ringworm: A common fungal skin infection that often looks like a circular rash.

• Approximately 40 different species of fungi can cause ringworm; the scientific names for the types of fungi that cause ringworm are Trichophyton, Microsporum, and Epidermophyton.

Key Points 

• Trichophyton is a genus of fungi, which includes the parasitic varieties that cause tinea, including athlete's foot, ringworm, jock itch, and similar infections of the nail, beard, skin and scalp. Trichophyton fungi are molds characterized by the development of both smooth-walled macro- and microconidia.

Hence we can conclude that Tricophyton is responsible for ringworm.

Additional Information 

• Candida infections of the mouth, throat, and esophagus: Caused by the yeast Candida, also called “thrush.
• The fungal disease, called Fusarium Wilt, is popularly known as the Panama Disease’ and afflicts banana plants.
• Aspergillus (mold fungus) is responsible for causing Aspergillosis. It affects the respiratory tract and causes illness by its spore.

Correct answer is Weaker Lewis acid 

Key Points

Concept:

When we will go from left to right in the period of a periodic table then the size of the atom decreases due to

• The number of proton increases by one unit
• The number of electrons enters in the same orbital
• So the size ( or radius ) order of Na, Mg, and Al is, Na> Mg>Al

 For cations Na+ , Mg2+ , Al3+

• For isoelectronic ions, the Radius of cation ∝ e/z, where e is the number of electrons and z is the number of protons.
• For Na+ , e = 10 and z=11
• For Mg2+ , e=10 and z=12
• For Al3+ , e=10 and z=13
• rNa+ : rMg2+ : rAl3+ = (10/11) : (10/12) : (10/13)
• From Na+, Mg2+ to Al3+ the number of electrons are same and the number of protons increases by one unit.

correct answer is There is deficiency of oxygen on mountains at high altitude

Key Points

• The air is substantially thinner at high altitudes than it is at sea level.
• As a result, each breath results in less oxygen being inhaled.
• Headaches, nausea, vomiting, insomnia, sluggish thinking, and the inability to continue physical exertion for extended periods of time are all signs of hypoxia, also referred to as mountain sickness.
• The body makes more red blood cells during the days to weeks of acclimatisation in order to make up for the lower oxygen saturation in blood at high altitudes.
• The increase in red blood cells reaches a plateau and then stops, signalling complete adaptation to high altitude.
• Brain cells can be harmed directly by an oxygen deficit. The walls of blood capillaries also start to leak at high altitudes, and the fluid that leaks from them can produce severe swelling that pushes the brain against the inflexible skull.

​ 

Additional Information

Explanation:

• Mountaineers have trouble breathing at higher altitudes because the oxygen content drops. They carry oxygen cylinders for this reason.
• Due to low atmospheric pressure at high altitudes, which results in less dense air, mountaineers carry oxygen cylinders with them.
• The amount of oxygen available for breathing is consequently very low.

Correct answer is Force/Area

Key Points

CONCEPT:

• Pressure: The force per unit area is called pressure. It is denoted by P.
• The SI unit of pressure is the pascal (Pa).
• The basic formula for pressure is given by:

 

EXPLANATION:

The pressure is defined as force per unit area i.e.P=FA�=���=��

As force = mass × acceleration

acceleration = velocity × time-1 = [L T-1] [T]-1 = [L T-2]

∴ The dimensional formula of force = [M] × [L T-2]

⇒ Force = M1 L1 T-2

​⇒ The dimensional formula of area = M0 L2 T0

• Hence the dimensional formula of pressure is

 

Important Points

• Some Basic Dimensional formula:

Correct answer is Toxic

Key Points

• Certain waste types are considered as hazardous and cannot be disposed of without special handling which will prevent contamination.
• Biomedical waste found in health care facilities and similar institutions such as hospitals etc. is considered hazardous.i.e they are Toxic
• So, there is a special waste disposal system for such waste products.

Additional Information

Hazardous waste: Hazardous waste is waste that has substantial or potential threats to public health or the environment.

Characteristics: Hazardous wastes are the materials that are known or tested to exhibit one or more of the following hazardous traits:

• Ignitability
• Corrosivity
• Reactivity
• Toxicity

The correct answer is 1) Data is moved between the main memory and the cache memory using mapping routines

Key Points

• Associative mapping is a technique used in cache memory to determine where a block of data from the main memory should be placed in the cache.
• It allows the cache to store data from any part of the main memory, rather than restricting it to a specific location.
• This mapping method provides greater flexibility and speed in accessing data compared to other mapping techniques, such as direct mapping.
• Associative mapping helps to reduce the time it takes to search for data in the cache, thereby improving the overall performance of the system.

Additional Information

• Cache memory is a small, high-speed memory located close to the CPU that stores frequently accessed data and instructions.
• There are different types of cache mapping techniques, including direct mapping, associative mapping, and set-associative mapping.
• Direct mapping assigns each block of main memory to a specific cache line, which can lead to conflicts and reduced performance.
• Set-associative mapping is a compromise between direct and associative mapping, where the cache is divided into sets, and each block of main memory can be placed in any line within a specific set.
• The efficiency of the cache memory system is crucial for the performance of modern computer systems.

The correct answer is: option 2

Key PointsMicrosoft PowerPoint is a software application developed by Microsoft that is used to create slide show presentations.

Important Points

 Why is Microsoft PowerPoint a Presentation Program?

• Slide-Based Structure: PowerPoint allows users to create slides that can include text, images, graphs, charts, audio, and videos to present information in a structured manner.
• Design and Formatting: Users can choose from a variety of templates, themes, and design tools to enhance the visual appeal of their presentations.
• Animation and Transition Effects: PowerPoint provides animations and slide transition effects to make presentations more engaging.
• Slide Show Mode: The "Slide Show" feature enables users to display their presentation in a sequential manner, making it easy to present information to an audience.
• Collaboration and Sharing: PowerPoint supports cloud-based collaboration, allowing multiple users to work on a presentation simultaneously via Microsoft OneDrive or SharePoint.

The correct answer is 1) E-mail client

Key Points

• MS Outlook is primarily used as an e-mail client.
• It is a part of the Microsoft Office suite and includes functions such as calendar, task manager, contact manager, note-taking, journal, and web browsing.
• MS Outlook can be used as a stand-alone application, or it can work with Microsoft Exchange Server and Microsoft SharePoint Server for multiple users in an organization, such as shared mailboxes and calendars, Exchange public folders, SharePoint lists, and meeting schedules.
• It also provides access to e-mail, calendars, contacts, and tasks from a single interface.
• MS Outlook supports a wide range of e-mail protocols, including POP3, IMAP, and Exchange ActiveSync.

Additional Information

• MS Outlook was first released in 1997 and has since become one of the most widely used e-mail clients in the world.
• It is available for both Windows and macOS operating systems, and there are also mobile versions for iOS and Android.
• MS Outlook can be integrated with other Microsoft services such as OneDrive, Skype, and Teams, enhancing its functionality and collaboration features.
• Users can customize their e-mail rules, alerts, and views to manage their inbox more efficiently.
• Security features in MS Outlook include spam filtering, phishing protection, and e-mail encryption to safeguard user data.

The correct answer is 680 MB

Key Points

• A typical CD-ROM can store up to 680 MB of data.
• CD-ROM stands for Compact Disc Read-Only Memory, which is a type of optical disc used to store data for access by computers.
• It is commonly used for distributing software, games, and multimedia content.
• The storage capacity of a CD-ROM makes it suitable for storing relatively large amounts of data compared to older storage media like floppy disks.
• CD-ROMs are read using a laser, which allows for high data density and durability.

Additional Information

• The CD-ROM was introduced in the early 1980s and became a widely used format for data storage and distribution.
• Unlike writable CDs (CD-R), data on a CD-ROM cannot be modified or deleted once it has been written.
• The standard diameter of a CD-ROM is 120 mm (4.7 inches), and it can store up to 700 MB of data, although 680 MB is a more common usable capacity.
• CD-ROMs use a file system called ISO 9660, which is compatible with various operating systems, including Windows, macOS, and Linux.
• Advancements in optical disc technology have led to the development of other formats like DVD and Blu-ray, which offer higher storage capacities.

The correct answer is IANA

Key Points

• IANA stands for the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority.
• IANA is a department of ICANN (Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers), a nonprofit private American corporation.
• It is responsible for overseeing global IP address allocation, autonomous system number allocation, root zone management in the Domain Name System (DNS), and other Internet Protocol-related symbols and Internet numbers.
• The allocation of IP addresses to internet service providers (ISPs) is a crucial function for maintaining the global internet infrastructure.
• IANA ensures that IP addresses are allocated in a fair and efficient manner to avoid conflicts and duplication.

Additional Information

• The ISO (International Organization for Standardization) is an international standard-setting body composed of representatives from various national standards organizations.
• The NIC (National Informatics Centre) provides network backbone and e-Governance support to the Indian government.
• The IATA (International Air Transport Association) is a trade association of the world’s airlines, aiming to support aviation with global standards for airline safety, security, efficiency, and sustainability.
• IP addresses are unique identifiers assigned to each device connected to the internet, allowing them to communicate with each other.
• IANA works closely with regional internet registries (RIRs) to distribute IP addresses efficiently.

The correct answer is Ink to Shape

Key Points

• The Ink to Shape feature is utilized to convert ink drawings into shapes.
• This feature is particularly useful in applications like Microsoft OneNote or other digital note-taking tools where users can draw freehand.
• Once activated, the Ink to Shape tool recognizes hand-drawn shapes such as circles, squares, and triangles, and converts them into perfect geometric shapes.
• It enhances the neatness and readability of notes, making it easier to create organized diagrams and illustrations.

Additional Information

• The Ink to Shape feature can be found in the Draw tab of many digital note-taking applications.
• Users can toggle this feature on or off depending on their needs.
• It supports a variety of shapes and is designed to improve the user experience by providing a cleaner look to hand-drawn diagrams.
• Alongside Ink to Shape, many applications also offer other tools like Ink to Text, which converts handwritten notes into typed text.

The correct answer is Registers.

Key Points

• Registers are small, high-speed storage locations within the CPU that hold data and instructions temporarily during processing.
• They provide the fastest way for the CPU to access data, significantly speeding up the processing time compared to accessing data from main memory.
• Registers are used to store intermediate results, instructions, and data that are frequently accessed or processed by the CPU.
• Examples of registers include the Accumulator, Program Counter, Instruction Register, and General-Purpose Registers.

Additional Information

• Internal Chips refer to the various integrated circuits within the CPU but are not specifically for storage.
• Program Counters are special types of registers that hold the address of the next instruction to be executed.
• Controllers are components that manage the operation of various parts of the computer but do not serve as storage.
• Registers are crucial for CPU performance, enabling quick read and write operations that support efficient execution of instructions.

The correct answer is SQL

Key Points

• MySQL supports a large number of SQL standard data types in various categories.
• These data types include numeric, date and time, string (character and byte), spatial, and JSON data types.
• SQL (Structured Query Language) is the standard language for relational database management systems.
• Using SQL, you can perform tasks such as query, update, and manage data in a database.

Additional Information

• MySQL is an open-source relational database management system.
• It is commonly used in web applications and is a central component of the LAMP (Linux, Apache, MySQL, PHP/Perl/Python) stack.
• MySQL is developed, distributed, and supported by Oracle Corporation.
• It is known for its reliability, performance, and ease of use.
• MySQL supports various storage engines, including InnoDB and MyISAM.
• It also provides support for ACID (Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Durability) transactions.
• MySQL can be used for a variety of applications, but it is most commonly found in web-based applications.

The correct answer is SSL

Key Points

• SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) is a standard security technology for establishing an encrypted link between a server and a client—typically a web server (website) and a browser, or a mail server and a mail client (e.g., Outlook).
• SSL allows sensitive information such as credit card numbers, social security numbers, and login credentials to be transmitted securely.
• Normally, data sent between browsers and web servers is sent in plain text—leaving you vulnerable to eavesdropping. If an attacker is able to intercept all data being sent between a browser and a web server, they can see and use that information.
• More specifically, SSL is a security protocol. Protocols describe how algorithms should be used. In this case, the SSL protocol determines variables of the encryption for both the link and the data being transmitted.

Additional Information

• SSL was succeeded by TLS (Transport Layer Security), which is based on SSL. However, the terms SSL and TLS are often used interchangeably, even though they are slightly different protocols.
• The primary difference between SSL and TLS is the process of setting up a secure connection. TLS is more secure and efficient than SSL.
• When a website is secured by an SSL/TLS certificate, it ensures that all data passed between the web server and browsers remain private and integral.
• SSL/TLS certificates can also provide authentication, confirming that the website being accessed is indeed the one it claims to be.

The correct answer is Satoshi Nakamoto.

Key Points

• Satoshi Nakamoto is the pseudonymous person or group of people who created Bitcoin.
• Bitcoin was introduced in a 2008 white paper titled "Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System".
• The identity of Satoshi Nakamoto remains unknown, and there have been numerous speculations and claims regarding their identity.
• Bitcoin is the first decentralized cryptocurrency, and its creation marked the beginning of the cryptocurrency revolution.
• It operates on a peer-to-peer network without the need for a central authority, making it a revolutionary form of digital currency.

Additional Information

• Vitalik Buterin is the co-founder of Ethereum, another popular cryptocurrency platform.
• Saifedean Ammous is an economist and author known for his book "The Bitcoin Standard".
• Bitcoin's creation has led to the development of thousands of other cryptocurrencies, collectively known as altcoins.
• Bitcoin's underlying technology, blockchain, has found applications in various industries beyond cryptocurrency.

The correct answer is Input

Key Points

• A keyboard is primarily an input device used to enter data into a computer or other digital devices.
• It allows users to type text, numbers, and execute commands by pressing keys.
• Keyboards can connect to computers via wired or wireless connections.
• There are different types of keyboards available, such as mechanical, membrane, and virtual keyboards.
• Keyboards often include special function keys, numeric keypads, and shortcut keys to enhance user efficiency.

Additional Information

• The concept of the keyboard dates back to the invention of the typewriter in the 19th century.
• Modern keyboards are often based on the QWERTY layout, which was designed to reduce typing speed to prevent typewriter jams.
• Ergonomic keyboards are designed to minimize strain and discomfort during extended typing sessions.
• Some advanced keyboards feature backlighting, programmable keys, and integrated touchpads.
• In addition to computers, keyboards are also used in other devices like smartphones, tablets, and gaming consoles.

The correct answer is Task scheduling, node failure management

Key Points

• Task scheduling, node failure management is a critical concept in clustering systems.
• Clustering systems are designed to distribute workloads across multiple nodes to ensure high availability and reliability.
• Effective task scheduling ensures that tasks are efficiently distributed among nodes, optimizing resource usage and performance.
• Node failure management involves mechanisms to detect and handle node failures, ensuring that the system can recover and continue operations without significant downtime.
• These features are essential for maintaining the robustness and efficiency of a clustering system, especially in environments requiring high availability and fault tolerance.

Additional Information

• Word processing, Internet access are not related to clustering systems but are general computing tasks.
• Real-time scheduling is relevant to real-time systems but is not specific to clustering.
• Automate transition between jobs is a feature of job scheduling systems but does not encompass all key aspects of clustering systems.
• Clustering systems are widely used in data centers, cloud computing, and high-performance computing environments.
• They provide scalability, load balancing, and fault tolerance, making them essential for modern IT infrastructure.

The correct answer is Pull down

Key Points

• A Pull down menu is also referred to as a drop-down menu.
• It is a graphical control element, similar to a list box, that allows the user to choose one value from a list.
• When a pull-down menu is inactive, it displays a single value. When activated, it displays a list of values, from which the user may select one.
• Pull-down menus are commonly used in many software applications and websites to provide a compact way to select an option from a predefined list of choices.
• Other terms like ladder, pop up, and cascading refer to different types of menus and are not synonymous with drop-down menus.

Additional Information

• Pop-up menus appear upon user interaction, such as right-clicking a mouse button, and can display a list of options relevant to the context.
• Cascading menus are secondary menus that appear adjacent to the primary menu item, often indicated by a right-pointing arrow.
• Ladder menus are less common and typically refer to hierarchical menus that expand vertically down the screen.
• Using appropriate menu types improves the user experience by making navigation and selection more intuitive.

The correct answer is Vacuum tubes and valves

Key Points

• Vacuum tubes and valves were the primary components used in the first generation of computers.
• The first generation of computers spanned from the 1940s to the 1950s.
• These computers were very large, consumed a lot of power, and generated a significant amount of heat.
• Examples of first-generation computers include the ENIAC, UNIVAC, and IBM 701.
• The use of vacuum tubes made these computers faster than their mechanical predecessors but still relatively slow compared to later generations.

Additional Information

• Vacuum tubes were eventually replaced by transistors in the second generation of computers, which were more efficient and reliable.
• The development of integrated circuits marked the beginning of the third generation of computers, leading to further miniaturization and performance improvements.
• Modern computers use microprocessors, which integrate millions of transistors into a single chip.
• The evolution of computer technology has significantly increased computational power while reducing the size and cost of computers.

The correct answer is Used to calculate the effective memory address of any operand

Key Points

• Addressing modes are used to calculate the effective memory address of any operand.
• They play a crucial role in computer architecture by determining how the operand of an instruction is chosen.
• Understanding addressing modes is essential for tasks like assembly language programming and system design.
• They help in optimizing the utilization of CPU registers and improving execution efficiency.

Additional Information

• Common addressing modes include immediate, direct, indirect, indexed, and register addressing modes.
• Each addressing mode provides a different method of specifying the operand's address, thus offering flexibility in programming.
• For instance, immediate addressing uses a constant value directly within the instruction, while indirect addressing uses a pointer to the address where the actual operand is located.
• Understanding these modes helps in efficiently writing and debugging low-level code.

The correct answer is Router.

Key Points

• Router is a network device that connects two or more network segments.
• Routers are critical in directing data traffic between different networks, ensuring that data packets reach their intended destinations.
• They operate at the network layer (Layer 3) of the OSI model, using IP addresses to determine the best path for data transmission.
• Routers can also provide additional functionalities such as network security, load balancing, and data traffic management.

Additional Information

• Unlike switches or hubs, which connect devices within the same network, routers connect different networks together.
• Modern routers often include integrated features such as wireless access points, network firewall, and DHCP server capabilities.
• Routers use routing tables and protocols like RIP, OSPF, and BGP to determine the optimal path for data packets.
• In a home or small office environment, a single router can connect multiple devices to the internet, providing network address translation (NAT) to manage IP addresses.

The correct answer is 16384

Key Points

• The maximum limit of columns in MS Excel 2010 is 16384.
• Excel 2010 supports up to 1,048,576 rows and 16,384 columns per worksheet.
• The columns are labeled from A to Z, AA to ZZ, and so on up to XFD, which is the 16,384th column.
• These limits were introduced in Excel 2007 and have been retained in subsequent versions, including Excel 2010.

Additional Information

• Excel 2003 and earlier versions had a limit of 256 columns and 65,536 rows per worksheet.
• With the introduction of Excel 2007, Microsoft significantly increased the limits to accommodate larger datasets and more complex analyses.
• These enhancements have made Excel a more powerful tool for data analysis and management.
• Excel 2010 also introduced new features such as sparklines, slicers, and an improved conditional formatting interface.

The correct answer is Wireless Fidelity

Key Points

• Wi-Fi stands for Wireless Fidelity.
• Wi-Fi is a technology that allows electronic devices to connect to a wireless LAN (WLAN) network, primarily using the 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz radio bands.
• It is commonly used for internet access, allowing devices like computers, smartphones, and tablets to connect to the internet without the need for wired connections.
• Wi-Fi technology is based on the IEEE 802.11 family of standards.
• Wi-Fi is widely used in homes, businesses, and public spaces to provide wireless internet access.

Additional Information

• Wi-Fi networks can be secured using various encryption methods such as WEP, WPA, and WPA2 to protect data and restrict access to authorized users.
• The term "Wi-Fi" was coined by the Wi-Fi Alliance, a non-profit organization that promotes Wi-Fi technology and certifies Wi-Fi products for conformity to certain standards of interoperability.
• Wi-Fi has become a crucial part of modern communication infrastructure, enabling wireless connectivity in a wide range of environments.
• Public Wi-Fi hotspots are available in many places, including cafes, airports, and libraries, providing convenient internet access on the go.

The correct answer is Check unsolicited emails by clicking

Key Points

• Check unsolicited emails by clicking is an incorrect preventive measure against malware.
• Clicking on unsolicited emails can expose your system to malware, phishing attacks, and other security threats.
• Instead, you should delete unsolicited emails without opening them and ensure that your email client has robust spam filtering settings.
• Other preventive measures such as using antivirus, anti-malware software, configuring your browser security settings, and removing unrecognized programs are effective in protecting your system from malware.

Additional Information

• Antivirus and anti-malware software can detect, quarantine, and remove malicious software from your system.
• Configuring your browser security settings can help block malicious websites and downloads.
• Regularly updating your operating system and software ensures that you have the latest security patches to protect against vulnerabilities.
• Practicing safe browsing habits and being cautious about the sources of downloads and emails can significantly reduce the risk of malware infections.

The correct answer is Distributed systems

Key Points

• Distributed systems enable a user to access resources that are present in other computer systems in a simple and reliable manner.
• These systems spread the workload across multiple computers, which can be geographically dispersed, to achieve greater efficiency and reliability.
• Distributed systems provide scalability, fault tolerance, and resource sharing, making them ideal for applications that require extensive computational power and data management.
• Examples of distributed systems include cloud computing platforms, distributed databases, and networked file systems.

Additional Information

• Real-time systems are designed to handle tasks that require immediate processing, ensuring timely responses.
• Multiprocessing systems use multiple processors to perform multiple tasks simultaneously, enhancing performance and efficiency.
• Desktop systems are standalone personal computers designed for individual use.
• Distributed systems typically involve network communication between different machines, and they often rely on middleware to manage communication and resource sharing.
• They are crucial in modern computing environments, supporting applications such as e-commerce, social media, and scientific research.

The logic followed here is:

13 ∶ 196

(13 + 1)² = 196

(14)2 = 196

196 = 196 (LHS = RHS)

Similarly,

9 ∶ ?

(9 + 1)2 = ?

(10)2 = ?

100 = ?

Hence, "Option 1" is the correct answer.

Given: In a row of 16 boys, when Prakash was shifted by two places towards the left, he became 7 from the left end.

The earlier position of Prakash from the right end of the row = 16 - (7 + 2) + 1

= 16 - 9 + 1

= 8^th

Hence, ‘Option 2’ is the correct answer.

The logic followed here is:

1. The circle element is alternately shaded.

2. In every fourth box the number of square elements are increasing subsequently. 

Thus, final series is:

Hence, "Option 3" is the correct answer.

The logic followed here is:

Option 1) Words ⇒ Components of written content.

Option 2) Writer ⇒ Person who creates the content.

Option 3) Paragraph ⇒ Components of written content.

Option 4) Pages ⇒ Components of written content.

Hence, "Option 2" is the correct answer

The logic followed here is:

Hence, "Option 3" is the correct answer.

The logic followed here is:

GYBN : FHXZACMO

Similarly,

GLOW : ?

Hence, "Option 2" is the correct answer.

The logic followed here is:

Option 1) 56 - 42 → Both 56 and 42 are multiples of 7.

Option 2) 35 - 28 → Both 56 and 42 are multiples of 7.

Option 3) 14 - 20 → Only 14 is a multiple of 7 but not 20.

Option 4) 49 - 35 → Both 56 and 42 are multiples of 7.

Thus, out of all the options '14 - 20' is the off one out.

Hence, "Option 3" is the correct answer.

Given: A is 18th from the front while B is 16th from the back. If C is 24th from the front and is exactly in the middle of A and B.

Total number of people in the queue = (Number of people before C + C's position + Number people after C) 

Total number of people in the queue = (23 + 1 + 21) → 45

Hence, "Option 4" is the correct answer.

The logic followed here is:

ACTION is coded as 141592031

And,

CAMPER is coded as 185161313

Similarly,

SOLUTE is coded as

Hence, "Option 4" is the correct answer.

Given: 

A man started from point X and moves towards east.

After walking for a distance of 20 m, he took a right turn,

and walks for 20 m then he took a left turn,

and walk for 15 m after that he took a right turn

and walked 15 m more.

​​

Thus, the man is facing in the south direction.

Hence, "Option 3" is the correct answer.

Given: M, N, R and T run in a race. 

1) ‘R’ finished the race before ‘N’ but could not finish before ‘T’.

T > R > N

2) M finished the race immediately after N but no one finished the race after ‘M’. 

T > R > N > M

Thus, according to the final arrangement, R is the second winner.

Hence, "Option 4" is the correct answer.

The logic followed here is:

KrmJ : jMRk

Similarly,

hTbL : ?

​

Hence, "Option 3" is the correct answer.

The logic followed here is:

Opposite of enemy is friend.

Similarly,

Opposite of hatred is love.

Hence, "Option 2" is the correct answer

The figure which will look like the paper when unfolded is shown below:

Thus, option Figure 2 will look like the paper when unfolded.

Hence, "Option 2" is the correct answer.

The logic followed here is:

Hence, "Option 4" is the correct answer.

Alternate Method

The logic followed here is:

Hence, "Option 2" is the correct answer.

The logic followed here is:

MAN : NCM

Similarly,

BAN : ?

​​

Hence, "Option 1" is the correct answer.

The logic followed here is:

​

Hence, "Option 4" is the correct answer.

The logic followed here is:

Hence, "Option 1" is the correct answer.

Given:

So, the costliest jewel is 'Diamond' which is called 'Iron'.

Hence, "Option 1" is the correct answer.

Calculation: 

President Total Turnover in Year 1 :

⇒ 17 + 7 + 11 + 6 + 9  = 50

Presidents Total Turnover in Year 2 :

⇒ 40 + 18 + 27 + 27 + 15  = 127

President Total Turnover in Year 3 :

⇒ 13 + 32 +20 + 25 + 43 = 133

President Total Turnover in Year 4 :

⇒ 8 + 9 + 16 + 15 +4 = 52

∴ The presidents have made the maximum turnovers in the year 3 i.e.133

The correct order of words as they would appear in an English dictionary:

2. Seldom
3. Select
4. Selfish
5. Seller
6. Send

The correct order is '2, 1, 4, 5, 3'.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 3".

Given:

Three dice are rolled together.

Calculations:

Total possible outcomes when three dice are rolled = 6 × 6 × 6 = 216

Let's find the probability of not getting a 5 on any of the dice.

Probability of not getting a 5 on one die = 5/6 (since there are 5 outcomes other than 5)

Probability of not getting a 5 on any of the three dice = (5/6) × (5/6) × (5/6) = 125/216

Probability of getting at least one 5 = 1 - Probability of not getting any 5

Probability = 1 - 125/216

Probability = (216 - 125) / 216

Probability = 91/216

The probability of getting 5 on at least one dice is 91/216.

Given:

Ramesh exits from his house facing north.

He walks 10 m straight, takes a left turn & walks 5m,

then takes a right turn & walks 10m and

finally takes another right turn and walks 50m.

Meanwhile Rakesh also leaves his house, walks 5m straight,

takes a left turn & walks 20m, then takes a another left turn

and walks 50m to meet Ramesh facing each other.

Thus, Rakesh's house is (100 m - 5 m - 5m) 90m far from Ramesh's house in the east direction.

Hence, "Option 3" is the correct answer.

The folding the paper cutting along the lines to make a cubical box is shown below:

⇒ As the alternate positions become opposite to each other, the remaining two faces become opposite to each other.

So, opposite pairs are:

 

 

So, each option one by one:

Option 1)

⇒ Cannot be made because 

 is adjacent to  

.

Option 2) 

⇒ Cannot be made because 

 is adjacent to  

.

Option 3) 

⇒ Can be made because all are the opposite sides.

Option 4) 

⇒ Cannot be made because 

  is adjacent to 

.

Hence, "Option 3" is the correct answer.

Given:

Digit is a multiple of 5.

If we add 18 to a two-digit number, its digits get reversed.

Calculation:

The two-digit numbers that are multiples of 5 can be written as 10x+5, where 'x' is a digit from 1 to 9.

The condition that adding 18 to this number gets the digits reversed can be expressed in the form of the equation below:

⇒ 10x + 5 + 18 = 10× 5 + x.

⇒ 10x + 23 = 50 + x.

⇒  9x = 50 - 23 = 27,  so x = 3.

So, the original number was 10× 3 + 5 = 35.

The sum of the digits of the number 35 is 3 + 5 = 8.

Calculation:

The numbers are 12, 15, 25, 30.

Now take the highest power of all encountered primes to get the LCM:

LCM = 2× 2 × 3 × 5× 5 = 300

So, our smallest common multiple is 300. However, we're looking for the largest 3-digit number divisible by these, so we need to find how many times 300 fits into 999 (since 999 is the largest 3-digit number).

⇒ 999 / 300 = 3.33

So the largest 3-digit number divisible by 12, 15, 25, and 30 is

⇒ 3 × 300 = 900. 

The correct answer is option 4 i.e.900

Given:

Expression: 7²² ÷ 7²⁰ ÷ 7¹⁸ ÷ ...... ÷ 7²

Formula used:

a^m ÷ aⁿ = a^m-n

Calculations:

The given expression can be written as:

722 ÷ 720 ÷ 718 ÷ ...... ÷ 72. = 7^{(22 - 20 - 18 -....-2)}

⇒ 7^{22 - (20 + 18 + 16 + 14 + 12 + 10 + 8 + 6 + 4 + 2)}

⇒ 7^{(22- 110)} = 7^-88 = 1/788

Given:

Chessboard has 8 rows and 8 columns.

Total squares = 8 x 8 = 64

White squares = 64 / 2 = 32

Black squares = 64 / 2 = 32

Formula used:

Number of ways = (Ways to choose a white square) x (Ways to choose a black square, excluding same row and column)

Calculations:

Ways to choose a white square = 32

For each white square, there are 4 black squares in the same row and 4 in the same column.

Black squares to exclude = 4 + 4 = 8

Ways to choose a black square (excluding same row and column) = 32 - 8 = 24

Total ways = 32 x 24 = 768

Number of ways to choose a white and black square (not in same row or column) = 768

Given:

The angle of depression  = 30°

Height of Tower = 100 meters.

Calculation:

⇒ $\frac{{100}}{x} = tan30^\circ = \frac{1}{{\sqrt 3 }}$

⇒ $x = 100\sqrt 3$

The distance between tower is $100\sqrt 3$

Calculation:

There are a total of 3 white + 5 yellow = 8 erasers in the box.

The total number of ways to draw two erasers out of 8 is given by the combination formula:

C(n, k) = n! / (k!(n-k)!)

where n is the total number of items and k is the number of items we want to choose.

The total number of ways to draw two erasers out of 8 is:

C(8, 2) = 8! / (2! * 6!) = (8 * 7) / (2 * 1) = 28

Now, let's find the number of favorable outcomes, which is the number of ways to draw one white and one yellow eraser. We can calculate this by multiplying the number of ways to draw one white eraser (3 ways) by the number of ways to draw one yellow eraser (5 ways):

3 ways (to choose a white eraser) * 5 ways (to choose a yellow eraser) = 15 ways

So there are 15 ways to draw two erasers of different colors.

Now we can calculate the probability of drawing two erasers of different colors:

P(different colors) = (number of favorable outcomes) / (total number of possible outcomes)

= 15 / 28

The probability of drawing two erasers of different colors is 15/28 or approximately 0.536.

The logic followed here is:

Option 1) 23 × 12 - 25 × 11 

→ 23 × 12 - 25 × 11 

→ 276 - 275 

→ 1

Option 2) 29 × 0.5 ÷ 14.5 

→ 29 × 0.5 ÷ 14.5  

→ 29 × 0.03

→ 1

Option 3) 0.4 × 5 - 0.5 × 2 

→ 0.4 × 5 - 0.5 × 2 

→ 2 - 1  

→ 1

Option 4) 12 × 31 - 370 

→ 12 × 31 - 370 

→ 372 - 370 

→ 2

Thus, out of all the options '12 × 31 - 370' is the off one out.

Hence, "Option 4" is the correct answer.

According to the question, each letter of the words is written in English alphabetical order:

The correct order of all the words new formed as they would appear in an English dictionary:

ABILORT

ACELOR

AEMNNORT

BEIOSTY

ELOTW

Thus, 'ABILORT' will come first in dictionary order.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 3".

Calculation:

There are a total of 5 white + 8 red + 3 blue = 16 caps in the bag.

The number of ways to draw three caps out of 16 is given by the combination formula:

C(n, k) = n! / (k!(n-k)!)

where n is the total number of items and k is the number of items we want to choose.

The total number of ways to draw three caps out of 16 is:

C(16, 3) = 16! / (3! * 13!)

= (16 * 15 * 14) / (3 * 2 * 1)

= 560

Now, let's find the number of favorable outcomes, which is the number of ways to draw three blue caps out of the three available. This can be calculated using the same combination formula:

C(3, 3) = 3! / (3! * 0!) = 1

So there's only 1 way to draw all three blue caps.

Now we can calculate the probability of drawing three blue caps:

P(three blue caps) = (number of favorable outcomes) / (total number of possible outcomes)

= 1 / 560

The probability of drawing three blue caps is 1/560.

The correct order of words as they would appear in an English dictionary:

Mohammad

Mohammed

Muhammad

Muhammed

Thus, 'Mohammad' is the one which appears in the first in a telephone directory.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 1".

Calculation:

Combine strength of A = 500 + 450 + 750 = 1700

Combine strength of B = 600 + 350 + 650 = 1600

Ratio of strength of A and B = 1700 : 1600

⇒ 17 : 16

∴ The correct answer is 17 : 16.

The least possible Venn diagram for the given statements is as shown below :

Conclusions:

I. No explanation is summary → Follow (As all explanations are lengthy and no lengthy is a summary. As whole explanations comes in lengthy which cannot be summary, therefore it is true.)

II. Some lengthy are answers → Follow (As some answers are explanations and all explanations are lengthy. As whole explanations comes in lengthy and has some part common with answers, therefore it is true.)

III. Some answers are not summary → Follow (As some answers are explanations, all explanations are lengthy and no lengthy is a summary. As some part of answers is common with explanations which whole comes in lengthy which cannot be summary, therefore it is true.)

∴ Here, All conclusions follows.​

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 3"