MP Patwari Group-2 (Sub Group-4) 2022 Official Paper (Held On: 06 Apr 2023 Shift 1) (Previous Year Paper)

The correct answer 1 only.

Key Points Accounting Standards:

• Accounting standards, also known as Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP), are a set of guidelines, rules, and principles that provide a framework for preparing and presenting financial statements.
• These standards ensure that financial statements are prepared consistently and transparently, allowing for comparability across different entities and facilitating reliable financial reporting.
• The purpose of accounting standards is to enhance the quality and reliability of financial information, making it more useful for investors, creditors, regulators, and other stakeholders.
• They provide guidance on various aspects of financial reporting, including recognition, measurement, presentation, and disclosure of financial transactions and events.

Important Points Statement 1: Ind AS is a global accounting practice on par with the International Financial Reporting Standard (IFRS) 9 that lenders are mandated to adopt.

• This statement is correct.
• Indian Accounting Standards (Ind AS) is a set of accounting principles that are converged with the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS).
• Ind AS aims to improve the quality and transparency of financial reporting in India and align it with global accounting practices.
• Lenders, such as banks and financial institutions, are required to adopt Ind AS for their financial statements.

Statement 2: According to RBI, all scheduled commercial banks, including Regional Rural Banks (RRBs), are mandated to adopt it.

• This statement is incorrect.
• While it is true that scheduled commercial banks are required to adopt Ind AS, Regional Rural Banks (RRBs) are currently not included in this requirement.
• RRBs follow a separate set of accounting standards specified by the National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD).

Statement 3: RBI has set the deadline to implement the standard as 31st March, 2019.

• This statement is incorrect.
• The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) initially set a roadmap for the phased implementation of Ind AS for scheduled commercial banks.
• However, the deadline for implementation has been revised multiple times.
• As of now, the deadline for adoption of Ind AS by scheduled commercial banks is yet to be finalized by RBI.
• As per initial plan, MCA was to implement Ind AS for banks, insurance companies and NBFCs from 1 April 2018 onwards but in April 2018, RBI deferred the implementation of Indian Accounting Standards by one year for banks.
• On March 22, 2019, RBI again deferred the implementation of Ind AS by banks till further notice.
• The reason cited is that certain legislative amendments to the Third Schedule to the Banking Regulation Act 1949 are under consideration of the government.

Hence, Only Statement 1 is correct.

The correct answer is Deer.

Key Points

• Nomadic herders do not rear deer.
• Deer are not typically found in the same environments as other livestock that nomadic herders raise, such as yaks, llamas, and camels.
• Deer are also not as well-suited for life in harsh environments, such as deserts and mountains.

Additional Information

Here are some of the reasons why nomadic herders do not rear deer:

• Deer are not as hardy as other livestock, such as yaks, llamas, and camels. They are more susceptible to disease and parasites, and they are not as well-adapted to harsh climates.
• Deer are not as efficient at converting food into meat or milk as other livestock. This means that it takes more land and resources to raise deer, which can be a challenge for nomadic herders who often have limited resources.

Important PointsDespite facing challenges mentioned above, some nomadic herders do raise deer in certain parts of the world. For example, the Sami people of northern Europe have a long tradition of reindeer herding. However, deer are not a common part of the livestock that nomadic herders raise.

The correct answer Male.

Key Points

• A population pyramid displays the male population on the left side and the female population on the right.
• The number of persons in each age group is represented by the height of the bar, and the proportion of males and females in the population is shown by the width of the bar.

Additional Information

• The age structure, fertility rate, and mortality rate of a population can be determined using a population pyramid.
• Indicating a high birth rate and a low mortality rate, as is common of developing nations, is a population pyramid with a wide base and a narrow peak.
• An ageing nation is characterized by low birthrates and high deathrates, which are indicated by a demographic pyramid with a narrow base and large apex.
• Population pyramids can also be used to compare the age structures of different populations. For example, a population pyramid for a developed country will typically have a narrower base and a wider top than a population pyramid for a developing country. This is because developed countries have lower birth rates and higher death rates than developing countries.

The correct answer is Gujarat.

Key Points

• Gujarat accounts for the largest share of India's exports.
• Gujarat has emerged as the top-performing state in Niti Aayog's second edition of the Export Preparedness Index 2021.
• Gujarat, Maharashtra and Tamil nadu are three coastal states contributed around 60% to the country's exports in the financial year 2020-21.
• Gujarat led  export contribution in India with its total share accounting for 20.83% as of 2020-21.
• Maharashtra, the second largest exporter in the country with a 20.06% share, has facilitated export growth by focusing on initiatives such as Ease of Doing business.

The correct answer is Dantidurga.

Key Points Dantidurga:

• The Rashtrakuta Empire of Manyakheta was founded by Dantidurga (reigned 735-756 CE), also known as Dantivarman II.
• Gulbarga was his capital in Karnataka.
• He was succeeded by his uncle Krishna I, who extended the kingdom to all of Karnataka.
• In 753 Dantidurga defeated the Chalukyas and took the titles Rajadhiraja and Parameshvara.
• In the mid-eighth century, Rashtrakuta chief Dantidurga overthrew his Chalukyan overlord and performed a ritual called hiranya-garbha (literally, the golden womb).
• It was believed that performing this ritual with the help of Brahmanas would result in the sacrificer being reborn as a Kshatriya, even if he was not a Kshatriya by birth.

Additional Information Govindaraja I:

• Govinda-raja, also known as Guvaka I, was an Indian king of the Shakambhari Chahamana dynasty.
• As a vassal of the Gurjara-Pratihara emperor Nagabhata II, he ruled parts of present-day Rajasthan in north-western India.
• Govinda-raja, according to Prithviraja Vijaya, was the son and successor of Durlabharaja I.
• Bijolia and Harsha inscriptions, however, name Durlabharaja's successor "Guvaka", which is a variation of the name "Govinda".

Karkaraja I:

• He was a Rashtrakuta king and son of Govindaraja I.
• Information about him was mentioned in copper plates named Kadaba plates of Prabhutavarṣa.
• The Baroda copper-plate inscription of Karkaraja II (a ruler of a Rashtrakuta branch of Gujarat) mentions Krishnaraja as the patron of Kailasanatha, as well as a Shiva temple at Elapura (Ellora).
• The king built a temple so wondrous that even the gods and the architect were amazed.

Varma:

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• Mahendravarman I (610 - 630 AD) constructed monuments known as the Mahendra group.
• group of mountain faces was characterized by pillared halls.
• In this design, pillared halls or mandapas follow the prototype of Jain temples of the period.
• Mandagapattu, Pallavaram, and Mamandur are examples of Mahendra monuments.

The correct answer is Sanskrit.

Key Points

• Meghaduta was written in Sanskrit. It is a lyrical poem composed by Kalidasa.
• The poem tells the story of a Yaksha (nature spirit) who is banished from his kingdom for a year to a faraway land.
• He begs a cloud to deliver a message of love to his wife, who is waiting for him back home.
• The poem is full of beautiful descriptions of nature and is considered a masterpiece of Sanskrit literature.
• Meghduta has been translated into many languages, including English, French, German, and Hindi.

The correct answer is Mumbai.

Key Points

• The Department of Currency Management is headquartered at Mumbai.
• Department of Currency Management has three regional offices as well situated at Hyderabad, Kolkata & Noida.
• The DCM is responsible for the production, supply, and distribution of currency notes and coins in India.
• It also undertakes research and development in the field of currency management.
• The DCM is headed by a Chief General Manager.

Important Points

• Shri Suman Ray is the current Chief General Manager of Department of Currency Management.

Correct Answer is GNP

Key Points

• Gross National Product is defined as total value of goods and services produced by the citizens of a country. As it specifically mentions about the citizens of a country, the income of foreigners are exempted from this.
• Net Factor income is defined as the difference between the factor income earned by the normal residents of a country and income earned by the foreigners in the geographical territory of that particular country.
• Gross Domestic Product + Net factor income from abroad = Gross National Product.

The correct answer is Dr Subhash Babu.

Key Points 

• Prominent Indian scientist Dr Subhash Babu has received the prestigious Bailey K. Ashford Medal for 2022 and the Fellow of the American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene award for 2022.
• He has been awarded for his outstanding research & contributions to tropical medicine.
• In its 82-year history, the award has never been given to an Indian scientist or an Indian institution for work.

Additional Information 

• Important Awards:
• West Bengal government’s Lakshmir Bhandar scheme has bagged the 2022 SKOCH award in the women & child development category.
• IIT-Madras has won the national intellectual property (IP) award for 2021 & 2022.
• Real Madrid captain Karim Benzema won the men's Ballon d'Or 2022 award on 17th Oct 2022 in Paris, France.
• While Barcelona's Alexia Putellas bagged the Women's Ballon d'Or 2022 award.
• Indian-American entrepreneur and activist Swadesh Chatterjee has been presented with the highest award 'the Order of the Long Leaf Pine' by the U.S. State of North Carolina.

The correct answer is Supreme Court.

Key Points

• The body which acts as the guardian of Fundamental Rights is the Supreme Court. The court protects the Fundamental Rights of the citizens from being exploited.
• The Supreme Court, as the Guardian of Fundamental Rights, can declare any law null and void if it violates fundamental rights.

Important Points

• Article 32 of the Constitution (Right to Constitutional Remedies): It is a fundamental right, which states that individuals have the right to approach the Supreme Court (SC) seeking enforcement of other fundamental rights recognized by the Constitution.
• Article 226 of the Constitution empowers a high court to issue writs including habeas corpus, mandamus, certiorari, prohibition, and quo warranto for the enforcement of the fundamental rights of the citizens and for any other purpose.
• The Supreme Court stands at the apex of the judicial system of the country.
• Article 124 provides for the establishment and constitution of the Supreme court.
• Established as the Supreme court of India on 28th January 1950.
• Also known as the 'guardian of our Constitution.
• Also known as 'court of record'.
• The Chief Justice and other Judges of the Indian Supreme Court are appointed by the President
• The power to increase or decrease the number of judges of the supreme court rests with the Parliament.
• After the appointment of the new four justices on 18 September 2019, the strength of the Supreme court increases from 30 to 34.
• The chief justice of India is the head of the Supreme Court of India.
• The appointment of judges other than the chief justice, and the chief justice of India shall always be consulted.

Additional Information

• The Judges of the Supreme Court can be removed only by the Parliament by the procedure established by Law.
• A judge of the Supreme Court or High Court can be removed only on the ground of proven misbehavior or incapacity.
• A motion containing the charges against the judge must be approved by a special majority in both Houses of Parliament.
• After the motion passed by both the houses by a special majority, it will be sent to the President.
• Finally, the President gives his order of removal o the judge concerned.

The correct answer is Avani Lekhara.

Key Points 

• At the Turf 2022 and India Sports Awards of FICCI, Avani Lekhara, who won two medals at the Tokyo 2020 Paralympics, was recognized as the Para Sports Person of the Year.
• Apart from Lekhara, former Ranji cricketer Sarkar Talwar was honoured with the Lifetime Achievement of the Year award.
• Shrey Kadyan was recognized as the Special Sportsperson of the Year.

Important Points 

• For their remarkable work over the past decade, Odisha was recognized as the best state for promoting sports.
• The All India Chess Federation won the National Sports Federation of the Year Award for hosting another successful edition of the Chess Olympiad this year.

The correct answer is London.

Key Points

• The Australian tennis and US tournaments are played on hard courts, the French Open on clay courts, and the Wimbledon on grass courts.
• The Laver Cup in Sept 2022 was Roger Federer's final ATP tournament.
• Federer is the most successful player at Wimbledon, having won eight titles (2003-07, 2009, 2012, 2017).
• He last clinched a Grand Slam title in 2018 (Australian Open).

The correct answer is Rs. 100 lakh crore.

Key Points

• The Union Budget 2020-21 has allocated approx. Rs 100 lakh crore for infrastructure development over the next five years.
• This includes a capital outlay of Rs. 5.54 lakh crore in 2021-22, which is an increase of 34.5% over the Budget Estimate for FY 2020-21.
• This investment will be made through the National Infrastructure Pipeline (NIP), which was launched on 31st December 2019.
• The NIP includes more than 6,500 projects across sectors, such as roads, railways, airports, ports, power, and telecommunications.
• The investment in infrastructure is expected to boost economic growth and create jobs.

correct answer is Maharashtra  

Key Point

• It was announced that the Lokayukta Bill will be presented in the Nagpur winter session. The Lokayukta Bill was passed in the winter session.
• Maharashtra is the first state in the country to introduce a Lokayukta Act Bill.
• The Lokayukta shall be a retired Chief Justice of the High Court or a retired Judge of the Supreme Court.
• The Lokayukta Committee will have 5 members. Their appointments will be made by the Chief Minister, Deputy Chief Minister, Leader of the Opposition in both Houses, Speaker of the Legislative Assembly and Speaker of the Legislative Council
• Incoming complaints will be investigated within 24 months
• The inquiry cases will be decided by the Special Court within one year
• If the court finds that the property has been obtained by a public servant through corruption, it can order its confiscation or deposit with the government and recover the costs of the case from the accused.

Additional Information

Lokayukta-

• Lokayukta is an anti-corruption ombudsman in the states of India.
• Once appointed, Lokayuktas cannot be dismissed or transferred by the government and can only be removed by passing an impeachment motion by the state legislature.
• The Lokayukta, along with the Income Tax Department and the Anti-Corruption Bureau, mainly help prevent corruption among politicians and government officials.

The correct answer is Lothal.

Key Points 

Lothal was an ancient city of the Indus Valley civilization.

• It was famous for its dockyard which was located on the bank of the Sabarmati river and connected the city to the trade route.
• It was discovered in 1954.

Additional Information 

• The city of Dholavira was located on Khadir Beyt in the Rann of Kutch, where there was freshwater and fertile soil. Unlike some of the other Harappan cities, which were divided into two parts, Dholavira was divided into three parts, and each part was surrounded by massive stone walls, with entrances through gateways.
• Chanhu-daro is an archaeological site belonging to the Indus Valley Civilization. The site is located 130 kilometers south of Mohenjo-Daro, in Sindh, Pakistan.
• Mohenjo-Daro is an archaeological site in the province of Sindh, Pakistan. Built around 2500 BCE, it was one of the largest settlements of the ancient Indus Valley Civilisation.

correct answer is Neither 1 nor 2

Key Points

• National Child Labour Projects
• The nation-wide scheme of the National Child Labour Projects (NCLP) is run by the Union Ministry of Labour and Employment
• Under this scheme  Working children in the age group of 9- 14 years will have to be rehabilitated through NCLP schools established by the Project Society.
• This is the major Central Sector Scheme for the rehabilitation of child labour.
• The Scheme seeks to adopt a sequential approach with focus on rehabilitation of children working in hazardous occupations & processes in the first instance.
• Under the Scheme, survey of child labour engaged in hazardous occupations & processes has been conducted.
• The identified children are to be withdrawn from these occupations & processes and then put into special schools in order to enable them to be mainstreamed into formal schooling system.
• Project Societies at the district level are fully funded for opening up of special schools/Rehabilitation Centres for the rehabilitation of child labour.

The correct answer is Virupaksha II.

Key Points

• Virupaksha Raya II was the last ruler of the Sangama dynasty, which ruled the Vijayanagara Empire from 1336 to 1485.
• He ruled from 1465 to 1485. During his reign, the empire began to decline due to internal conflicts and external threats.
• He was succeeded by his son, Praudha Raya, who was a weak ruler and was unable to stop the decline of the empire.
• The Vijayanagara Empire eventually collapsed in 1565.

Additional Information

• The Sangama dynasty was founded by Harihara I and Bukka Raya I, two feudatories of the Hoysala Empire.
• They rebelled against the Hoysalas in 1336 and founded the Vijayanagara Empire.
• The empire reached its peak under Deva Raya I.

The correct answer is Brazil.

Key Points 

• Brazil's National Football team topped the latest edition of the FIFA Men's World Rankings, 2022.
• Argentina has secured second in the latest FIFA rankings.
• France has secured the third rank.
• Belgium ranked fourth on the list.

Additional Information 

• ​FIFA World Cup 2022 played from 21 November 2022 to 18 December 2022 in Qatar.
• There is a total of 32 teams participated in World Cup.
• The 2022 FIFA World Cup (international men’s football championship) is organized in Arab countries for the first time.
• The first and opening match of the FIFA World Cup is played at Al Bayt Stadium.
• The FIFA World Cup final match was held on 18 December 2022 at the Lusail Iconic Stadium.

The correct answer is only (i).

Key Points

• From 1922 onwards the Indian Civil Service Examination began to be held in India also.
• First in Allahabad and later in Delhi with the setting up of the Federal Public Service Commission.
• The Examination in London continued to be conducted by the Civil Service Commission.

Additional Information

• In 1854, the British East India Company established the Civil Services Examination to recruit Indian Civil Service (ICS) officers. The ICS was the highest-ranking civil service in British India, but the examination was conducted in London, In India it started 1922 onwards.
• In 1947, when India gained independence, the ICS was renamed the Indian Administrative Service (IAS).
• The Civil Services Examination is now conducted by the Union Public Service Commission (UPSC), an independent body that is responsible for recruiting civil servants for the Government of India.

The correct answer is 1156 AD.

Key Points

• The Jaisalmer Fort is located in Rajasthan.
• It is believed to be built in 1156 AD in the reign of Rawal Jaisal who also founded the city of Jaisalmer.
• It is said that this fort has survived many attacks from the rulers like Ala-ud-din Khilji and Humayun.
• Rajasthan Capital- Jaipur

The correct answer is "clinched".

Key Points

• The word with the correct spelling is "clinched".
• Let's us look at all the options:
• "vivicity" - This word is incorrect. The correct spelling is "vivacity" which means lively or animated.
• Example: Her vivacity and enthusiasm make her the life of the party.
• "alergic" - This word is incorrect. The correct spelling is "allergic", which is an adjective used to describe a hypersensitivity reaction to a particular allergen.
• Example: My friend is allergic to peanuts, so we always check food labels carefully.
• "manteling" - This word is incorrect. It could be a misspelling of "mantling", which is the action of a bird of prey spreading its wings over its prey. It can also refer to a covering or a cloak. 
• Example: After the eagle caught its prey, it began mantling to protect it. Example (mantel): The family photos are displayed on the mantel above the fireplace.
• "clinched" - This is the correctly spelled word. "Clinched" is the past tense of "clinch", which can mean to secure a deal or goal definitively, or to settle something decisively. It can also refer to a specific type of close grappling in boxing and wrestling.
• Example: With the last touchdown, they clinched the victory.
• Hence option 4 is correct.

The correct answer is "Curtailment".​

Key Points

• The word "abridgement" refers to a shortened or condensed version of something, particularly of a book, speech, or piece of writing.
• Example: The teacher used an abridgement of "Romeo and Juliet" to make it easier for her fifth-grade students to understand.
• Let's analyze each of the alternatives:
• "Curtailment" refers to the action or fact of reducing or restricting something.
• Example: The curtailment of spending is crucial during financial crisis.
• "Epitome" represents a person or thing that is a perfect example of a particular quality or type. 
• Example: The student's thesis is the epitome of scholarly research.
• "Distress" refers to extreme anxiety, sorrow, or pain. 
• Example: He was in distress after losing his job.
• "Restiveness" refers to the state of being restless or uneasy. 
• Example: The restiveness of the crowd grew as the concert's start was delayed.
• In conclusion, the word "Curtailment" best expresses the meaning of "Abridgement" among the given alternatives.
• Hence option 1 is correct.

The correct answer is "The plants were not watered by the gardener."

Key Points

• The given sentence is in the Active Voice. In the Active Voice, the subject of the sentence performs the action.
• Here, "The gardener" is the subject and "did not water" is the action he performs.
• In order to change this sentence into Passive Voice, we have to make the object of the active sentence (here, "the plants") the subject of the passive sentence.
• In this passive version, the focus is now on the plants that did not receive water, rather than on the gardener who failed to water them.
• The general structure for changing Active Voice to Passive Voice in this tense (simple past) is as follows:
• Active: Subject + did not + verb (base form) + object
• Passive: Object + was/were not + past participle of verb + by + subject
• The past participle of "water" is "watered".
• The correct passive form is "The plants were not watered by the gardener."
• Hence option 4 is correct.

The correct answer is option 1.

Key Points

• The error in the sentence is in the segment "on where common".
• The sentence is intended to express that research has mixed results on how common a symptom digestive problems are in relation to infections.
• The adjective "common" needs to directly modify the noun it describes, which is "symptom".
• So, replace "where" with "how" and place "common" directly before "symptom". This makes sense because the question is about the degree of commonality (hence "how common"), not the location (which would be signified by "where").
• In conclusion, the segment that contains the error is "on where common".
• Therefore, option 1 is correct.

Correct sentence: "Digestive problems have been increasingly linked to the infections, but research is mixed on how common a symptom it is."

The correct answer is "SRQP".

Key Points

• The correct sequence to form a meaningful paragraph is as follows:
• 1. Einstein said
• S. that there were only twelve people
• R. who understood
• Q. his theory of relativity
• P. although more than 900 books had been written
• 6. attempting to explain it.
• The logic behind this sequence is that the sentence starts with Einstein's statement (1), then specifies what he said (S and R), introduces his theory (Q), and finally refers to the many books written about it (P and 6).
• So, the complete paragraph is: "Einstein said that there were only twelve people who understood his theory of relativity although more than 900 books had been written attempting to explain it."
• Therefore option 1 is correct.

The correct answer is "The issue of raising funds".

Key Points

• The phrase in the original sentence "the issue of raise funds" is incorrect because the verb "raise" is in base form and does not fit grammatically in this context.
• When we talk about the "issue of" doing something, we need to use the gerund (-ing form) of the verb, which acts as a noun in the sentence.
• In this case, "raising" is the gerund form of "raise" and is the appropriate form to use here.
• The phrase should be "the issue of raising funds", which refers to the problem or concern related to the action of collecting or generating money.
• Therefore, option 3 is correct.

Correct sentence: "The conference of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change in Bangkok ran into predictable difficulties over the issue of raising funds to help poorer nations."

The correct answer is "storied".

Key Points

• The context of the sentence tells that New York is home to some of the oldest hamburgers in the country.
• ​So, the correct alternative to fill in the blank is "storied".
• The word "storied" is used as an adjective meaning celebrated or well-known. In the context of the sentence, it refers to hamburgers that have a history or reputation, making them well-known or famous.
• So, the complete sentence is: "Some of the nation's oldest and most storied hamburgers are sold in New York."
• The other options do not fit contextually:
• "Talk" is a verb or a noun, and doesn't make sense in this context.
• "Celebrate" is a verb, and the sentence needs an adjective in this position.
• "Story" is a noun and doesn't fit grammatically in this context.
• Therefore, option 2 is correct.

The correct answer is "The building was located by Dora on the map."

Key Points

• The given sentence is in the Active Voice.
• In the Active Voice, the subject of the sentence performs the action. Here, "Dora" is the subject and "located" is the action she performs.
• In this passive version, the focus is now on the building that was located, rather than on Dora who located it.
• To change this sentence into Passive Voice, we have to make the object of the active sentence (here, "the building") the subject of the passive sentence.
• The general structure for changing Active Voice to Passive Voice in this tense (simple past) is as follows:
• Active: Subject + verb (past tense) + object
• Passive: Object + was/were + past participle of verb + by + subject
• The past participle of "locate" is "located".
• Correct Passive voice: "The building was located on the map by Dora."
• Therefore, option 3 is correct.

The correct answer is "part of it's escalation-management toolkit".

Key Points

• The sentence has a grammatical error in the usage of "it's" in the phrase "part of it's escalation-management toolkit". The correct word to use here is "its".
• "Its" is a possessive adjective used to show ownership or association.
• In this sentence, we are talking about the "escalation-management toolkit" that belongs to Russia, so "its" is the correct form to use.
• "It's" is a contraction of "it is" or "it has", neither of which would make sense in this context.
• Therefore, option 3 is correct.

Correct sentence: "Russia's nuclear weapons are an integral part of its escalation-management toolkit, and frequent referrals to its nuclear potential are standard practice.

The correct answer is "Edwina Palmer asked Jack Sparrow where he was going to play piano that day."

Key Points

• The given sentence is in Direct Speech.
• To convert this into Indirect Speech, we remove the quotation marks and make grammatical changes to connect the speaker's words to the rest of the sentence.
• The reported question becomes a noun clause, and the question mark is dropped.
• In Indirect Speech, the tenses generally shift back, pronouns can change, and words indicating place and time can change.
• The verb 'said' changes to 'asked' because a question is being asked.
• The formula for changing Direct Speech to Indirect Speech for a question is as follows:
• Direct: S1 + said to S2 + "Wh-word + Auxiliary Verb + Subject + Verb + Object + ?"
• Indirect: S1 + asked + S2 + Wh-word + Subject + Verb + Object (without a question mark).
• In the transformed sentence, 'you' will change into 'he', and 'today' will change into 'that day'.
• Simple Present (are) will change into Simple Past (was) to reflect the backshift in tense that occurs in indirect speech.
• Hence, the correct Indirect speech is: "Edwina Palmer asked Jack Sparrow where he was going to play piano that day."
• Therefore, option 4 is correct.

The correct answer is "RPSQ".

Key Points

• The correct sequence to form a meaningful sentence is "RPSQ".
• The first sentence, "The secret to" would be followed by what the "secret" refers to, which is "happiness."
• Therefore, sentence R, "happiness is", is the most likely second sentence.
• From here, sentence Q, "not in doing", makes sense to follow. It suggests a contrasting statement about the previously mentioned happiness. It's common in English to present a contrast after a positive statement, often using "not" or "but".
• After sentence Q, sentence S, "what one likes", is a sensible continuation. This fits because "not in doing" requires an object for the verb "doing" – what is it that we're not doing? The answer is, "what one likes".
• Now, the next sentence P, "but in liking", is a contrast to the prior "not in doing what one likes". This is setting up the second part of the contrast — first we have what happiness isn't (doing what one likes), and now we're about to hear what happiness is.
• Finally, the sentence 6, "what one does", completes the thought and the paragraph. It fits perfectly after "but in liking" – this is the thing that we should be liking, according to this statement on happiness.
• Therefore the correct order is "RPSQ".
• Hence option 4 is correct.

Correct sentence: *"The secret to happiness is not in doing what one likes, but in liking what one does."*​

The correct answer is "SRPQ".

Key Points

• To arrange these sentences into a coherent paragraph, we need to consider the flow of ideas.
• Let's analyze the content:
• S1: Introduces the topic of considering a Bharat brand of English.
• P: States that this is not about mixing the language.
• Q: States that English should adapt to Indian life and its idioms.
• R: Claims that it's time for English to be used more broadly in everyday Indian life.
• S: Describes how English has been limited to certain spheres in India.
• S6: Defines the characteristics of Bharat English.
• Here, sentence S seems like a logical follow-up to S1, as it elaborates on the current situation of English in India.
• After acknowledging the existing situation, sentence R posits that it's time for a change, i.e., for English to enter everyday life.
• Next, P clarifies that the adaptation of English to the Indian context doesn't mean mixing the language.
• Q comes last in this sequence, elaborating on this change and explaining that English should adapt to the local context.
• Therefore, the logical paragraph would be: S1. The time has come for us to consider seriously the question of a Bharat brand of English. S: So far English has had a comparatively confined existence in our country, chiefly in the halls of learning, justice or administration. R: Now the time is ripe for it to come to the dusty street, market place and under the banyan tree. P: I am not suggesting here a mongrelization of the language. Q: English must adopt the complexion of our life and assimilate its idiom. S6. Bharat English will respect the rule of law and maintain the dignity of grammar, but still have a swadeshi stamp about it.
• So, the correct answer is option 3.

The correct answer is "A bar of soap was picked up by him from the basin, and flung across the room."

Key Points

• The given sentence is in Active voice. It is in Simple Past Tense. To transform this sentence into passive voice, we have to follow the given rules:
• Rules for Transformation:
• Identify the subject, verb, and object in the active voice sentence.
• The subject of the active sentence becomes the object of the passive sentence.
• The verb is changed to the past participle form.
• A form of the verb "to be" is added to the past participle form of the verb.
• The agent (the person or thing performing the action) is added to the sentence in a prepositional phrase beginning with "by."
• The adverbial phrase is moved to the end of the sentence.
• The general structure is:
• Active voice: Subject + Verb + Object
• Passive voice: Object + Auxiliary Verb (be) + Past Participle + (by Subject)
• The subject is "He", the verbs are "picked up" and "flung", and the object is "a bar of soap".
• The object "a bar of soap" now becomes the subject of the sentence, and the original subject "He" is introduced by "by" after the verb.
• The verb "picked up" and "flung" are in the past simple tense in active voice, so in passive voice they become "was picked up" and "flung".
• Therefore, the correct Passive voice is: "A bar of soap was picked up by him from the basin, and flung across the room."
• Hence option 3 is correct.

The correct answer is: "She requested me not to disturb her in her studies."

Key Points

• The sentence given is in direct speech and it's a polite request. To convert it into indirect speech, we need to follow given rules:
• Rules for Transformation:
• The direct object of the direct speech becomes the object of the indirect speech.
• The introductory clause can change from 'said to' to 'requested' to reflect the nature of the speech.
• We don't typically use quotation marks in indirect speech.
• Changes in pronouns to ensure the meaning remains the same. In this case, 'my' will change to 'her' because the speaker is 'she'.
• We use 'not to' followed by the base form of the main verb in the reported speech when the direct speech contains a polite request.
• Following these rules, the conversion of the sentence is: "She requested me not to disturb her in her studies."
• So, the correct answer is option 2.

The correct answer is "helped".

Key Points

• The context of the sentence suggests a scenario where scientific or environmental research has been conducted, specifically studies investigating pollution levels or effects.
• Let us look at the meanings of all the words:
• "Stress" means to put emphasis on something, or to make others understand the importance or urgency of something.
• Example: The teacher continues to stress the importance of regular study habits to the students.
• "Heed" means to pay attention to something, particularly advice or a warning.
• Example: She failed to heed the traffic signs and ended up getting lost.
• "Assist" means to help someone or to contribute to achieving something.
• Example: The tutor will assist the students in their preparation for the final exams.
• "Helped" is the past tense of the verb "help", which means to give assistance or make it easier for someone to do something.
• Example: My friend helped me move into my new apartment.
• In the sentence you provided, the correct word to fill in the blank is "helped" because the sentence indicates that the predictions from pollution studies have facilitated or assisted the government in making reforms.
• So, option 4 is correct.

Complete sentence: "The predictions from pollution studies have helped the government make the needed reforms, especially in its industrial sector."

The correct answer is "enmity".

Key Points

• "Hostility" refers to a state of ill will, antagonism, or unfriendliness. It often involves aggressive or harmful behaviors and attitudes.
• Example: The hostility between the two rival gangs was palpable, leading to frequent confrontations in the neighborhood.
• Let us look at the meanings of all the words:
• "Goodwill" is a feeling of benevolence or good will towards another person.
• Example: "The two countries have a long history of goodwill."
• "Sympathy" is a feeling of pity or sorrow for someone who is experiencing misfortune.
• Example: "The crowd expressed sympathy for the victims of the fire."
• "Friendship" is a relationship of mutual affection between two people.
• Example: "The two friends have been inseparable since childhood."
• "Enmity" is a feeling of hatred or ill will towards another person.
• Example: "The two countries have been enemies for centuries."
• From the meanings of all the words, it is clear that the most appropriate synonym for the word "hostility" is "enmity".
• Therefore, the correct answer is option 2.

The correct answer is "show pride".

Key Points

• Put on airs: This idiom means to behave or speak in a way that makes one appear more important, wealthy, or cultured than one actually is. It often implies a degree of pretentiousness or insincerity.
• Example: After receiving a small inheritance, John started to put on airs, pretending he had grown up in a wealthy family.
• Let us look at the meanings of all the options:
• Pretend Wisdom: This means to act as if one has great knowledge or wisdom, when in fact they may not. It's essentially feigning deep understanding or insight, often to impress others or manipulate a situation.
• Show Pride: This refers to displaying a feeling of satisfaction derived from one's own achievements, the achievements of those with whom one is closely associated, or from qualities or possessions that are widely admired.
• Behave Condescendingly: This means to act in a way that shows you believe you are more intelligent or better than other people. It often involves treating others as if they are less important or less intelligent.
• Assume Honours: This means to take on or claim honors, titles, or accolades, often without truly deserving them. It can sometimes involve arrogance or pretentiousness.
• Hence the appropriate meaning of the idiom **"**Put on airs" is "Show Pride".
• Therefore, option 2 is correct.

The correct answer is "To reprimand him".

Key Points

• "To give him a piece of my mind" means to express one's unhappiness or dissatisfaction with someone, often in a sharp or angry manner.
• Example: After the plumber failed to fix the leak three times in a row, Jane decided to give him a piece of her mind about his poor workmanship.
• Hence, the most appropriate meaning of idiom "to give him a piece of my mind" is "to reprimand him".
• Therefore, option 1 is correct.

The correct answer "SRPQ".

Key Points

• The correct order of the sentences is: "SRPQ"
• Here are the reasons for the correct order:
• Sentence S provides background information about India, stating that it is the world's largest democracy.
• Sentence R provides more information about India's constitution, stating that it is a lofty document that is often quoted.
• Sentence P provides a contrast to the previous two sentences, stating that India is not as democratic as it claims to be.
• Sentence Q provides a conclusion for the paragraph, stating that India is not much of a democracy except for the ritualistic election it enacts every five years.
• Hence, option 4 is correct.
• The other options are incorrect because they do not follow the rules of paragraph structure. For example, option 1 (PSQR) starts with a sentence that provides supporting evidence for the main idea, which is not the correct way to start a paragraph. Option 2 (SQPR) starts with a sentence that asks a rhetorical question, which is not the correct way to start a paragraph. Option 3 (RSPQ) starts with a sentence that summarizes the main idea, which is not the correct way to start a paragraph.

The correct answer is "Fresh".

Key Points

• Stale: no longer fresh or new; no longer interesting or exciting.
• Example: "The bread was stale and hard."
• Let us look at all the options:
• Dry: not wet or moist.
• Example: "The desert is dry and hot."
• Fresh: new or not yet used or consumed.
• Example: "I bought a fresh loaf of bread."
• Flat: not having or showing much spirit or enthusiasm.
• Example: "The party was flat and boring."
• Sour: having a sharp, unpleasant taste.
• Example: "The milk was sour and had to be thrown away."
• From the meanings of all the options, it is clear that the appropriate antonym of the word "stale" is "fresh."
• Hence, option 2 is correct.

The correct answer is "surpassed".

Key Points

 

• The context of the sentence appears to be a historical or hypothetical military situation. It implies a standoff or potential conflict between two armies.
• The most appropriate word to fill in the blank is "surpassed".
• In this context, "surpassed" means to exceed or be greater than. It fits best because it indicates that his army had superior equipment compared to the Texan army.
• Example: Her performance surpassed all expectations.
• Here are the meanings and examples of other words:
• Overtake: This word generally means to catch up with and pass while traveling in the same direction. However, it doesn't fit well in this context.
• Example: The sports car was able to overtake the truck on the highway.
• Overbear: This means to overwhelm with superior force or numbers, or to domineer over. It also doesn't fit well in this context.
• Example: His strong personality tends to overbear in any social situation.
• Overdid: This is the past tense of "overdo," which means to do, use, or carry to excess; exaggerate. It doesn't fit in this context.
• Example: She overdid the decorations for the party, making the room look cluttered.
• The correct alternative is option 4.

Complete sentence: Although his army equalled the Texan army in numbers and surpassed it in equipment, he dared not force a fight.

The correct answer is "QRPS".

Key Points

• The correct order of the sentences is: "QRPS"
• Here are the reasons for the correct order:
• Sentence Q introduces the main idea of the paragraph, which is the proper way to cross a busy road. The sentence states that we must look to the signal lights and cross the road only when the road is clear. This is the most important thing to remember when crossing a busy road, as it ensures that we are not crossing when there is oncoming traffic.
• Sentence R provides more information about the main idea by explaining what to do if there are no signal lights at the crossing. The sentence states that if there are no signal lights at the crossing, we should look to the right, then to the left and again to the right before crossing the road. This ensures that we are aware of any oncoming traffic before crossing the road.
• Sentence P provides further support for the main idea by listing a specific way to cross the road safely. The sentence states that we should always cross the road at the zebra crossing. This is because zebra crossings are designed to make it easier for pedestrians to cross the road safely, as they have signals that give pedestrians the right of way.
• Sentence S provides a conclusion for the paragraph by summarizing the main idea and providing a final thought on the topic. The sentence states that if the road is not clear we should wait. This is a reminder that it is always better to be safe than sorry, and that we should not cross the road if it is not safe to do so.
• Therefore, option 1 is correct.

Rearranged paragraph: ​S1. While crossing a busy road we should obey the policeman on duty. Q: We must look to the signal lights and cross the road only when the road is clear. R: If there are no signal lights at the crossing, we should look to the right, then to the left and again to the right before crossing the road. P: We should always cross the road at the zebra crossing. S: If the road is not clear we should wait. S6. We should never run while crossing a road.

The correct answer is: "Please pass the salt," Rahul said to me.

Key Points

• The original sentence is in Direct speech.
• To convert it into Indirect speech, we need to make following changes: 
• Remove the quotation marks: In direct speech, the words that are spoken are enclosed in quotation marks. In indirect speech, the quotation marks are removed.
• Change the verb tenses: In direct speech, the verb tenses are the same as the tenses that were used when the words were spoken. In indirect speech, the verb tenses are changed to the past tense.
• The verb "requested" changes to "said" and the infinitive phrase "to pass" changes to the base form of the verb "pass." The order of words also changes, with the action (pass the salt) coming before the person to whom the request is made (me). The use of "please" signals politeness, similar to the connotation of "requested."
• Change the pronouns: In direct speech, the pronouns are the same as the pronouns that were used when the words were spoken. In indirect speech, the pronouns are changed to the person who is reporting the speech.
• Use the word "that" to introduce the reported speech.
• Hence, the correct indirect speech for the original sentence is: "Please pass the salt," Rahul said to me.
• Therefore, option 4 is correct.
• The other options are incorrect because they do not follow the rules of direct and indirect speech.
• Option 1 is incorrect because the verb tense is wrong. The verb "passing" should be "pass" in the past tense.
• Option 2 is incorrect because the word "past" is a noun, not a verb. The correct verb is "pass."
• Option 3 is incorrect because the verb tense is wrong. The verb "passed" should be "pass" in the past tense.

The correct answer is "RPQS".

Key Points

• The correct sequence is "RPQS".
• Sentence 1 starts the paragraph by stating India's role in the fight against imperialism.
• Sentence R logically follows sentence 1, explaining how India fought imperialism.
• Sentence P logically follows sentence R, detailing the success of the technique mentioned previously.
• Sentence Q follows the success of India's battle against imperialism (as established in sentences R and P), it makes sense that India would then support other countries in their own battles.
• Sentence S follows sentence Q, concluding India's supportive role in other countries' fights for freedom.
• Sentence 6 is the final sentence which contrasts with the achievements mentioned in sentence S, implying that while many countries have gained freedom, there are still some that remain under imperialism.
• Hence option 1 is correct.

Rearranged paragraph: 1. India led the battle of freedom against imperialism. R. We fought it with a special technique. P. That technique brought us success. Q. We therefore championed the cause of other countries. S. We are happy that they achieved freedom. 6. But some countries are still slaves.

The correct answer is "QSPR".

Key Points

• The correct sequence for the sentences is indeed: QSPR.
• The reasons behind this order is as follows:
• S1: This sentence introduces the topic, suggesting that our upbringing influences our adult behavior and attitudes.
• Q: This sentence further narrows the subject to focus on the family's role within the society that influences our upbringing.
• S: This sentence underscores the influence of the family and early life experiences on our later life, aligning with the preceding sentence.
• P: This sentence then makes a transition, suggesting that there's more to the process of shaping our adult behavior and attitudes than just our family and early life.
• R: This sentence extends the scope of the discussion to include additional forces, such as peers and societal pressures, furthering the point made in sentence P.
• S6: This concluding sentence brings the discussion to the field of psychology, asserting that these factors influencing our behavior and attitudes have been extensively studied by psychologists.
• Therefore, option 1 is correct.

Rearranged paragraph: S1. Much of our adult behavior and our attitudes are determined by our upbringing. Q: In particular by the effects of that small part society which is our family. S: The family and our early life have profound effect on our later life. P: But the process does not stop here. R: As we grow we are constantly and increasingly affected by new forces such as the social pressure of our friends and the larger world of society. S6. Psychologists have studied these forces in depth.

The Correct Answer is Option 2 i.e International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry.

Key Points

• IUPAC:

• The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) is the world authority on chemical nomenclature and terminology, including the naming of new elements in the periodic table; standardized methods for measurement; and atomic weights, and many other critically evaluated data.

• Dr Lynn M. Soby is the Executive Director of IUPAC.

• The headquarters of the IUPAC is located in Zurich, Switzerland.

The correct answer is When an object travels at a speed more than the speed of sound.

Key Points

• A sonic boom is produced when an object travels through the air at a speed greater than the speed of sound.
• The speed of sound is the speed at which sound waves propagate through a medium, such as air.
• In dry air at 20 degrees Celsius, the speed of sound is approximately 343 meters per second or about 1,236 kilometers per hour.
• When an object moves faster than the speed of sound, it creates a shock wave known as a sonic boom.
• The shock wave is generated as the object pushes against the air molecules, compressing them and causing a sudden change in pressure.
• This rapid change in pressure creates a distinctive loud noise or boom.

The correct answer is dynamic but stable.

Key Points

• The constant interaction between the biotic (living organisms) and abiotic (non-living components) of the biosphere makes it a dynamic but stable system.
• The biosphere encompasses all living organisms and their interactions with the physical environment, including the atmosphere, hydrosphere, and lithosphere.
• The biotic components of the biosphere, such as plants, animals, and microorganisms, interact with the abiotic components, such as air, water, soil, and minerals.
• These interactions involve energy flow, nutrient cycling, and the exchange of gases, shaping the functioning and stability of the biosphere.
• While the biosphere is dynamic, meaning it is constantly changing and evolving, it also exhibits stability through various feedback mechanisms and regulatory processes.
• For example, nutrient cycling and energy flow maintain a balance within ecosystems, ensuring the overall stability of the biosphere.

The correct answer is Glycogen.

Key Points

• Glycogen is a multibranched polysaccharide composed of glucose units and serves as a primary form of energy storage in animals and fungi.
• The chemical formula of glycogen is (C6H10O5)n.
• It is similar in structure to starch, another energy storage polysaccharide found in plants.
• In animals, glycogen is primarily stored in the liver and muscles. It acts as a readily mobilizable energy reserve that can be broken down when energy demands are high.
• During periods of fasting or exercise, glycogen is broken down into glucose through a process called glycogenolysis, providing a quick source of energy for the body.
• Fungi also utilize glycogen as a storage polysaccharide, similarly to animals. It serves as an energy reserve to support fungal growth and metabolism when nutrients are limited.

Additional Information

• Chitin: Chitin is a polysaccharide composed of N-acetylglucosamine units and is a structural component found in the exoskeleton of arthropods (such as insects and crustaceans) and the cell walls of fungi..
• Pectin: Pectin is a complex polysaccharide found in plant cell walls. It plays a role in cell adhesion and helps to provide structure to plant tissues.
• Cellulose: Cellulose is another polysaccharide found in plant cell walls. It is composed of glucose units and serves as a structural component, providing strength and rigidity to plant cells.

The correct answer is Easily lose electrons.

Key Points

• Alkali metals, such as lithium (Li), sodium (Na), potassium (K), and others, have one valence electron in their outermost energy level.
• This makes them highly reactive and prone to easily losing this valence electron to form a positive ion.
• Alkali metals have a strong tendency to donate their outermost electron and achieve a stable electron configuration similar to that of a noble gas.
• By losing this electron, they form a cation with a positive charge.
• This characteristic is due to their low ionization energy, which is the energy required to remove an electron from an atom.
• Their reactivity and ability to readily lose electrons make alkali metals highly reactive with other elements, especially non-metals.
• They react vigorously with water, oxygen, and halogens, for example.

The correct answer is Promethazine.

Key Points

• Promethazine is a drug that is commonly used as an antihistamine.
• Antihistamines are medications that help to counteract the effects of histamine, a chemical released by the body during allergic reactions.
• Promethazine blocks the action of histamine by binding to the histamine H1 receptors, preventing them from being activated.
• By doing so, it helps to alleviate symptoms associated with allergies, such as itching, sneezing, runny nose, and watery eyes.

Additional Information

• Ranitidine:  It is a medication used to reduce stomach acid production and is primarily used to treat conditions such as heartburn, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), and stomach ulcers.
• Azithromycin: Azithromycin is an antibiotic used to treat various bacterial infections, such as respiratory tract infections, skin infections, and certain sexually transmitted diseases.
• Ibuprofen: Ibuprofen is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that is primarily used to relieve pain, reduce inflammation, and lower fever.

The correct answer is Superphosphate.

Key Points

• Superphosphate is not a nitrogenous fertilizer. It is a phosphorus fertilizer.
• Superphosphate is produced by treating phosphate rock with sulfuric acid to make it more soluble and available to plants.
• It is primarily used to provide phosphorus, an essential nutrient for plant growth and development.

Additional Information

• Urea
• Urea is a nitrogenous fertilizer widely used in agriculture.
• It is a solid nitrogen fertilizer that contains a high percentage of nitrogen in the form of urea.
• Urea is water-soluble and provides a readily available source of nitrogen for plants.
• Ammonium nitrate
• Ammonium nitrate is another nitrogenous fertilizer commonly used in agriculture.
• It is a crystalline substance that contains both ammonium and nitrate ions.
• Ammonium nitrate provides a dual source of nitrogen, as both ammonium and nitrate ions can be taken up by plants.
• Ammonium sulfate:
• Ammonium sulfate is also a nitrogenous fertilizer.
• It contains both ammonium and sulfate ions.
• It is often used in areas with low pH or alkaline soils, as it can help to lower soil pH while providing nitrogen to plants.

The correct answer is Liver.

Key PointsLiver is the organ out of the four options, that can regrow after damage in adults.

The correct answer is Meat.

Key Points 

Additional Information 

• Protein:
• Proteins are one of the building blocks of body tissue.
• They are made up of Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, and Nitrogen.
• Proteins help for the growth and repair of the body.
• Proteins are the nutrient known as 'bodybuilders'.
• Amino acid is the basic unit of proteins.
• The Soyabean contains the highest percentage of protein.
• The major source of protein is meat, milk, egg, fish, gram, etc.
• Deficiency diseases: Marasmus, Kwashiorkor.

The correct answer is 2005 - 2014.

Key Points

• A global programme called the UN Decade of Education for Sustainable Development (UN DESD) ran from 2005 to 2014.
• From early childhood to lifelong learning, the UN DESD sought to integrate sustainable development into education and learning at all levels.
• Additionally, it aimed to increase public understanding of sustainable development challenges among policymakers, educators, and the general public.

The UN DESD was a success in mobilizing global attention to the importance of education for sustainable development. It also led to a number of significant achievements, including:

• New educational resources for teaching and learning about sustainable development
• The creation of new collaborations and networks for sustainable development education
• The introduction of new regulations and laws for sustainable development in the classroom
• Increasing civic society involvement in education about sustainable development.

Additional Information

• The UN DESD ended in 2014, but its legacy continues.
• The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), which were adopted by the United Nations in 2015, include a specific goal on education for sustainable development (SDG 4.7).
• This goal calls for ensuring that all learners acquire the knowledge and skills needed to promote sustainable development.

Correct answer is Low voltage A.C. into high voltage A.C.

Key Points

• A Transformer is used to convert low voltage (or high current) to high voltage (or low current) and high voltage to low voltage.
• It works on the principle of electromagnetic induction.
• The primary coil has Np turns and the other coil, called the secondary coil, has Ns turns.
• Generally, the primary coil works the input coil and the secondary coil works as the output coil of the transformer.
• When an AC voltage is applied to the primary coil, the resulting current produces an alternating magnetic flux that links the secondary coil and induces an emf in it. The value of this emf depends on the number of turns in the secondary.

• In a transformer, the voltage in secondary is calculated by

<br>

Where, Np and Ns are the numbers of turns in the primary and secondary coils respectively, and Vp and Vs are the rms voltages across the primary and secondary respectively.

• In a transformer, the load is connected to the secondary coil while the primary coil of a transformer is connected to an AC source.

Additional Information

• Since the transformer converts the higher voltage to lower voltage and vice versa, So we can say that it can be used to obtain suitable voltage. Therefore option 3 is correct.
• Also, the transformer works with on principle of electromagnetic induction, It can be used only to obtain suitable AC voltage, not DC voltage.

The correct answer is -190 - 110°C.

Key Points

• The moon's temperature swings wildly because it has no atmosphere to trap heat.
• In sunlit areas, temperatures can soar as high as 250°F (121°C) during the lunar day.
• But at night, with no atmosphere to hold onto the sun's energy, temperatures plummet to -208°F (-133°C).
• In permanently shadowed areas near the poles, where sunlight never reaches, temperatures can dip even lower, reaching -410°F (-246°C).
• The closest option to the above mentioned data is option 3. Hence, -190 - 110°C is the correct answer.

Important Points

• This question has been asked in the MP Patwari 2023 official paper, and the correct answer considered by the conducting body is option 2, -880 - 100°C.
• From the data provided by NASA's official website, option 3 is the closest. Hence, it has been marked as the correct answer.

The correct answer is Chordates.

Key Points

• Chordates represent the phylum within the animal kingdom where the complexity of cell arrangement and overall organism organization reaches a higher level compared to the other options.
• Chordates are characterized by having a notochord, a dorsal hollow nerve cord, pharyngeal slits, an endostyle, and a post-anal tail at some stage of their life.
• This phylum includes a vast diversity of animals, from simple lancelets to complex vertebrates, including humans.
• Chordates exhibit a high degree of tissue and organ differentiation, a well-developed nervous system, and advanced body structures.

Additional Information

• Cnidarians: These are a more primordial group of animals, known for their simple body structure characterized by a sac-like body, a single opening serving as both mouth and anus, and specialized cells known as cnidocytes for capturing prey. Jellyfish, corals, and sea anemones are examples of cnidarians.
• Platyhelminthes: Also known as flatworms, this phylum comprises animals with a more complex cell arrangement than cnidarians but less than chordates. They have a bilateral symmetry and a simple organ system, lacking a specialized circulatory and respiratory system.
• Coelenterates: This is an alternative name for cnidarians, referring to the same group described above. The term highlights the characteristic coelenteron or gastrovascular cavity, a central digestive compartment.

The correct answer is Gold.

Key Points

Explanation:

Ductility

• Ductility is the ability of metals to be drawn into thin wires.
• Material ductility is a mechanical property.
• Gold is the most ductile metal. A wire of about 2 km in length can be drawn from one gram of gold.
• It is because of their malleability and ductility that metals can be given different shapes according to our needs.
• In materials science, ductility is defined as the ability of a material to withstand plastic deformation under tensile stress.
• The ability of a solid material to deform under tensile stress is referred to as ductility.
• The greater the material thickness, the greater the reduction in toughness.
• Metal ductility decreases as temperature rises because metals become weaker as temperature rises.
• Gold and platinum are the two most ductile metals.
• Platinum has a higher ductility than gold.
• Gold has a resistance factor of five to flammability.

 Additional Information

Malleability

• Malleability is a physical property of metal.
• Malleability is the ability of a metal to be hammered, beaten, or rolled out into thin sheets without breaking.
• When metal is rolled out or hammered, the atoms of metal are flexible enough to move upon each other and obtain the new shape that is being given to them at the molecular level.
• The important thing to remember here is that when hammered, the bonds between metals do not break. This is known as malleability.
• Iron, gold, silver, lead, aluminium, copper, and many other metals are malleable.
• As a result, thin foils of gold, silver, and aluminium are commercially available.

The correct answer is 20 ml.

Key Points

• Oxygen is carried in the blood either in dissolved form or in association with haemoglobin.
• To calculate the concentration of oxygen transported in the blood, one needs to understand the amount of oxygen carried by each gram of haemoglobin.
• In a saturated condition, one gram of haemoglobin carries 1.34 ml of oxygen.
• Normally 100 ml of blood has around 15 gm of haemoglobin in it.
• Thus, the amount of oxygen carried in 100 ml of pure blood can be calculated as 15 * 1.34 ml = 20 ml

Additional Information

• For every 100 ml of oxygenated blood, only 5 ml of oxygen is delivered to tissues.
• Because our Tissues can utilise only 25% of O2 carried by the Arterial blood.
• Therefore Only 5ml (25%) out of 20ml (100%) is being carried by the Arterial blood.

Correct answer is Bacteria 

Key Points

• Bacteria exist in a variety of forms, mainly spherical, rod-shaped and spiral-shaped.
• Rod-shaped Bacillus: bacilli
• Spherical Coccus: cocci
• Comma-shaped Vibrium: vibrio
• Spiral Spirillum: spirilla

The correct answer is They do not lose magnetism when electric current is switched off.

Key Points

• Electromagnets are temporary magnets that only have a magnetic field when an electric current is flowing through them. When the current is turned off, the magnetic field disappears.
• The other statements are all true. Electromagnets are used to separate magnetic material from junk, they attract pieces of iron, and they can be made very strong to lift heavy objects.

Additional Information

Making of Electromagnets: 

• Electromagnets are made up of a coil of wire that is wrapped around a ferromagnetic core, such as iron or steel.
• When an electric current is passed through the coil, it creates a magnetic field around the core. The strength of the magnetic field is proportional to the amount of current flowing through the coil.

Correct answer is Female Anopheles mosquito.

Key Points

• Malaria is nothing but a mosquito borne blood disease.
• It is caused by the parasite of plasmodium.
• It is generally spreads through the Female Anopheles mosquitoes.
• If the parasite enters into the humans, it starts multiplying in the liver cells.
• Later they attack the Red Blood cells in the human body.
• There are about 460 species of Female Anopheles mosquitoes.
• Among them almost 100 species can transmit Malaria.

Additional Information

• The Female culex mosquito also serves as vector to transmit diseases.
• They generally cause the diseases like West Nile virus, Japanese encephalitis etc.
• Male Anopheles mosquito generally does not bite.
• So, they cannot transmit any diseases.

The correct answer is Zymase.

Key Points

• The enzyme that helps in the formation of alcohol is zymase.
• Zymase is a complex of enzymes that is found in yeast and other microorganisms. It is responsible for the fermentation of sugar into alcohol.
• The fermentation process begins when yeast cells consume sugar and convert it into pyruvic acid.
• Pyruvic acid is then converted into acetaldehyde by the enzyme zymase. Acetaldehyde is then converted into ethanol (alcohol) by another enzyme called alcohol dehydrogenase.
• The fermentation process is an anaerobic process, which means that it does not require oxygen. This is why alcohol can be produced in closed containers, such as bottles and barrels.

Additional InformationLipase: Lipase converts fats into fatty acids and glycerol. It is present in a wide range of bodily tissues, including the stomach, salivary glands, and pancreas. Lipase is crucial for digestion because it aids in dissolving fat molecules so that the body can absorb them.

Invertase: Invertase, also known as beta-fructofuranosidase, is an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of sucrose (table sugar) into glucose and fructose. The resulting mixture of fructose and glucose is called inverted sugar syrup.

Amylase: An amylase is an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of starch into sugars. Amylase is present in the saliva of humans and some other mammals, where it begins the chemical process of digestion.

Correct answer is Seawater 

Key Points

Homogenous Mixtures:

• Those mixtures in which the substances are completely mixed together and are indistinguishable from one another are called homogeneous mixtures.
• A homogeneous mixture is a mixture in which the composition is uniform throughout the mixture.
• Many homogeneous mixtures are commonly referred to as solutions.
• Some examples of homogeneous mixtures (or solutions) are Sugar solution, Salt solution, Copper sulfate solution, Seawater, Alcohol and water mixture, Petrol and oil mixture, Soda water, etc.

Heterogeneous mixture:

• A heterogeneous mixture is a mixture with a non-uniform composition that contains components in different phases.
• The composition varies from one region to another with at least two phases that remain separate from each other, with clearly identifiable properties.
• Heterogeneous mixtures contain particles that retain their chemical properties when they are mixed and can be distinguished after they are mixed.
• The components of heterogeneous mixtures can be separated by the filtration of chemical procedures.
• The two types of heterogeneous mixtures are suspensions and colloids.
• Sugar and sand form a heterogeneous mixture. If you look closely, you can identify tiny sugar crystals and particles of sand.
• Sand is a solid substance. Tap water is a liquid substance.
• Blood is a complex mixture of cells, proteins, and other components found in animals. Air is a gaseous mixture primarily composed of nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and other gases.

.

The correct answer is Carl Scheele

Key Points

• Carl Wilhelm Scheele was a Swedish-German pharmaceutical chemist.
• He was the first person to discover oxygen and describe some of its most important properties.

Additional Information 

• Scheele also discovered the following organic acids:
• Tartaric acid
• Oxalic acid
• Uric, acid
• Acetic acid
• Citric acid
• Hydrofluoric acid
• Hydrocyanic, acid
• and Arsenic acids.

The correct answer is CaCO3.

Key Points

• The molecular formula for chalk is CaCO3, which stands for calcium carbonate.
• Calcium carbonate is a white, odorless, and tasteless powder that is commonly used as a writing tool.
• It is also used in a variety of other applications, including making ceramics, paints, and fertilizers.
• Chalk is made up of calcium, carbon, and oxygen atoms. The ratio of these atoms is 1:1:3.
• This means that every molecule of calcium carbonate contains one atom of calcium, one atom of carbon, and three atoms of oxygen.

Additional Information 

• Ca(SO4)2 - Ca(SO4)2 is the chemical formula for calcium sulfate. It is an inorganic compound that is commonly found in nature as the mineral gypsum.
• Ca(OH)2 - The chemical formula Ca(OH)2 is for calcium hydroxide, also known as slaked lime or hydrated lime. It is a white, odorless, and tasteless powder that is produced when calcium oxide (quicklime) is mixed with water.
• CaHCO3 - CaHCO3 is not a valid chemical formula. The correct chemical formula for calcium bicarbonate is Ca(HCO3)2. Calcium bicarbonate is an ionic compound that is made up of calcium ions, bicarbonate ions, and water molecules. It is used in medicine and food industry.

The correct answer is Option 2, i.e Graphite.

Key Points

• Graphite is an allotrope of carbon and a non-metal which is a good conductor of electricity.
• Allotropes are the various physical forms in which an element can exist.
• Graphite is an allotrope of carbon along with Diamond and Buckminsterfullerene.

Buckminsterfullerene:

• Also called fullerene
• Contain clusters of 60 carbon atoms joined together to form spherical molecules.
• Its formula is C60.
• It is a football-shaped molecule with 60 carbon atoms arranged as 20 hexagon and 12 pentagons that are interlocked.
• It is a dark solid, which is neither very hard nor soft.

The correct answer is Mysore.

Key Points 

• CSIR−Central Food Technological Research Institute (CFTRI) is situated in Mysore, Karnataka.
• It is a constituent laboratory of the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, New Delhi which came into existence during 1950.
• Food Technology being inter-disciplinary in nature the mandate or vision of the Institute is fulfilled through various R&D Departments and Support Departments along with its Resource Centres at Hyderabad, Lucknow, and Mumbai.
• The institute has developed over 300 products, processes, and equipment types.
• It holds several patents and has published findings in reputed journals.
• The institute develops technologies to increase efficiency and reduce post-harvest losses, increase export, find new sources of food products, integrate human resources in food industries, reduce costs.

Correct Answer is 99.98

Key Points

• In an atom, the nucleus contains nucleons.
• A nucleon can be either a proton or a neutron.
• The total number of protons and neutrons (often referred to as nucleons) in an atomic nucleus is known as the mass number (A).
• This is because most of the mass of an atom is of protons and neutrons. (99.98 %)
• The electrons revolving have negligible mass as compared to the nucleus.

From the data, we can observe that the mass of electrons is small compared to that of proton and neutron up to 10 5.

The correct answer is  option 1) Ctrl + W.

Ctrl + W:

• This shortcut key combination is commonly used to close a document or tab in various Windows applications.
• For example, in web browsers like Google Chrome or Mozilla Firefox, pressing Ctrl + W will close the active tab.
• Similarly, in text editors or word processors, it can be used to close the currently opened document.

Additional Information

• Ctrl + R: This shortcut key combination is typically used to refresh or reload the current page in web browsers.
• Ctrl + Esc: Pressing Ctrl + Esc opens the Start menu in Windows. It is an alternative to pressing the Windows key on the keyboard.
• Ctrl + Shift + Esc: This shortcut key combination is used to open the Task Manager directly in Windows. The Task Manager provides information about running processes and allows users to manage them.

Note: Remember that these shortcut keys can vary slightly depending on the specific software or version of Windows being used, but the ones mentioned above are the most commonly used defaults.

• In addition to the spell checking and grammar checking tools that Microsoft Word offers, there is also the Word thesaurus we can take advantage of to improve our documents
• Using the thesaurus, you can find synonyms (different words with the same meaning) and antonyms (words with the opposite meaning)
• In Microsoft Office Word you can look up a word quickly if you right-click anywhere in your document, and then click Synonym on the shortcut menu

Command to use Thesaurus tool ( shortcut key: shift + F7).

Important Points Other helpful commands used in MS word.

The Binary Number System:

• A computer system uses bits (binary digits) to denote values. It uses the binary number system to store data.
• Each digit (0 or 1) is a bit thus the binary number 10110110 is a binary number having 8 bits.
• The binary number system with only two independent digits, 0 and 1, is a base-2 number system. All larger binary numbers are represented in terms of ‘0’ and ‘1’.
• A binary number can easily be converted to a decimal by multiplying each digit by a power of 2.

NOTE:

• The decimal number system has a base of 10 as it has 10 independent digits, i.e. 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9.
• The hexadecimal number system uses 16 symbols (base 16) which includes numbers from 0 to 9 and letter A to F. A nibble is one digit of a hexadecimal value which represents 4 bits.
• The octal number system use base 8. Octal numbers are written using digits 0 through 7.

The correct answer is Option 4.

Key Points

• The output of the given JavaScript code will be: "
  navigator.appCodeName: [browser's code name]"
• The actual value displayed will depend on the browser being used.
• The navigator.appCodeName property returns the code name of the browser.
• For example, in Firefox, the code name is "Mozilla," while in Internet Explorer, it is "Microsoft Internet Explorer."
• The specific browser code name will be appended after the colon in the output.

Therefore, the correct answer is Browser name.

The correct option is (3)

It initially executes in the course of normal use of a computer system identifies executable files.

Key Points 

• Direct Action Viruses are those that enter the device while an executable or.com file is running on a computer. It keeps itself concealed if it is put in the memory. It also goes by the name Non-Resident Virus.
• It is also known as a parasitic virus, and it usually affects files with the.exe or.com extensions.
• This virus' primary goal is to spread itself throughout folders and infect files. On a lighter note, they often don't erase files or slow down PC performance. Antivirus software can eliminate it without much difficulty.

Additional Information 

• The Michelangelo virus is a well-known boot sector virus. As suggested by their name, file infectors attach themselves to executable files to "infect" files on a computer. To accomplish this, they can add new code to the file or modify existing code in certain places.
• A macro virus is a type of computer virus that is built in the same macro language that is used to construct applications like Microsoft Word and Excel.
• Some viruses are developed expressly to delete the data from a file or application. An overwriting virus starts overwriting files with its own code after it has infected a machine. These viruses have the ability to rewrite all of the files on an infected device or target particular programs or files.

The correct option would be 2) Drives not accessible.

• If you cannot connect to a USB drive you just plugged in, or you go to My Computer and see fewer drives than expected, it generally means those drives are not accessible. This could be a symptom of a virus or malware that is blocking access to those drives.
• However, it's important to note that this symptom could also be due to other reasons unrelated to a virus, such as hardware issues (the drive might be physically damaged or improperly connected), software issues (the drive might not be properly formatted or the drivers might be outdated), or OS issues (an update or change in settings might affect drive accessibility).

So, while option 2) Drives not accessible is the best answer from your options, the issue should be further investigated to confirm the cause.

The correct answer is (3) Hierarchically.

• When browsing files and directories in Windows Explorer (also known as File Explorer in newer versions of Windows), the default order in which they are displayed is hierarchical.
• This means that files and directories are organized in a tree-like structure, where directories (folders) are displayed first, followed by the files and subdirectories within each directory.
• The hierarchical order reflects the way files and directories are organized on the computer's storage system.
• Each directory can contain files and additional subdirectories.
• By navigating through the directories, you can explore the file system and access the files and folders stored on your computer.
• Within each directory, files and subdirectories are typically listed in alphabetical order by default.
• This alphabetical sorting helps you locate specific files or directories more easily.
• However, you can also change the sorting order based on other criteria, such as file size, date modified, or file type, by clicking on the respective column headers in Windows Explorer.

To summarize, Windows Explorer displays files and directories hierarchically, with directories listed first and files and subdirectories listed within each directory. The default sorting order within each directory is typically alphabetical, but it can be customized as needed.

The Correct Answer Option 1: Optical

Explanation: An optical mouse uses a light-emitting diode (LED) and photodiodes (not a laser) to detect movement relative to the underlying surface, typically functioning best on a non-glossy surface.

NOTE: However, it's important to note that there's another category of mouse often referred to as a "laser mouse."

• This type of mouse uses a laser for illumination and is a subtype of the optical mouse.
• Laser mice provide a higher level of sensitivity compared to regular optical mice and can work on glossy and even glass surfaces.

The correct answer is (1) An entry that Excel believes you may want to edit.

• Smart Tags in Microsoft Excel are a feature designed to help with certain types of data. When Excel recognizes that you've entered data that fits into one of its predefined categories, it will display a small icon (the Smart Tag) near the cell.
• Clicking on the Smart Tag opens a menu with various options related to the data in the cell. For example, if you enter a stock ticker symbol, the Smart Tag might offer options to get the latest stock price, news about the company, or other financial information. Similarly, if you enter a name, the Smart Tag might offer options to add the person to your contacts, schedule a meeting, or other tasks related to managing contacts.

To clarify the other options:

• Smart Tags do not make the spreadsheet look smart. They are a functional tool, not an aesthetic one.
• While Smart Tags can sometimes provide information that helps in calculations (like stock prices), their primary role is to provide quick access to actions or information related to the data in a cell, not to aid in the calculation.
• Excel does not store data by itself using Smart Tags. The user enters the data, and Excel uses Smart Tags to provide additional options related to that data.

Option 3: MS-DOS

Explanation: MS-DOS (Microsoft Disk Operating System) was the first widely installed operating system for personal computers in the 1980s.

• It was introduced by Microsoft for the IBM PC in 1981. MS-DOS was a command-line based operating system, meaning that users had to type in commands to perform tasks.
• Windows OS, which was also developed by Microsoft, did not become widely used until later.
• The first version, Windows 1.0, was released in 1985 as a graphical interface for MS-DOS, but it didn't gain significant popularity until versions 3.0 and 3.1 in the early 1990s.
• UNIX was developed in the 1970s and has been widely used in many systems, especially servers and workstations, but it was not as prevalent on personal computers in the 1980s.
• Linux OS was not released until 1991, making it a decade later than the introduction of MS-DOS.

The correct answer is Worms.

• A computer worm is a standalone malware computer program that replicates itself in order to spread to other computers.
• Often, it uses a computer network to spread itself, relying on security failures on the target computer to access it.
• Unlike a computer virus, it does not need to attach itself to an existing program.
• Worms almost always cause at least some harm to the network, even if only by consuming bandwidth, whereas viruses almost always corrupt or modify files on a targeted computer.

The correct answer is (4) Template.

• A template in many software programs, including presentation software like Microsoft PowerPoint or Google Slides, is a pre-designed layout loaded through a dialog box. It provides a ready-made structure or set of styles that helps users create a presentation, document, or project quickly and efficiently.
• Templates can offer a wide variety of pre-set designs, including different color schemes, text formats, and slide layouts. They can be particularly useful when you want to ensure a consistent look and feel across multiple slides or documents.

By contrast:

• A Blank Presentation does not offer any pre-set design. It's essentially a clean slate that allows users to create a presentation from scratch.
• The Auto Content Wizard was a feature in earlier versions of PowerPoint (like PowerPoint 2003) that guided users through the process of creating a new presentation, but it's not a feature in newer versions.
• The Standard Toolbar, as the name suggests, is a toolbar in many applications that contains frequently used functions and commands. It does not offer a built-in design through a dialog box.

In the field of cybersecurity, commonly, we can classify intrusion problems into four main types:

• Network Intrusions: These occur when an unauthorized person gains access to a network. Network intrusions can lead to many problems, including data breaches, system failure, or other types of damage. The intruder may use various methods to access the network, such as exploiting vulnerabilities in the system or using stolen user credentials. Examples of network intrusions include Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks, Man in the Middle (MitM) attacks, and packet sniffing.
• Host Intrusions: These happen when a specific computer system, or host, is compromised. This can be achieved by exploiting software vulnerabilities, taking advantage of weak passwords, or using malware. Once inside, the attacker might steal or alter data, disrupt services, or use the host to launch further attacks.
• Application Intrusions: These take place when an attacker exploits a flaw in an application's code or design to gain unauthorized access. Once inside, they can manipulate the application, alter or steal data, or disrupt services. Application intrusions often involve the use of software bugs, input validation errors, and other types of vulnerabilities.
• Physical Intrusions: These are relatively straightforward. They happen when someone gains physical access to hardware or a location that they shouldn't have access to. This could be as simple as someone walking into a server room and connecting a device to the network, or as sophisticated as intercepting and altering network cables.

So, the correct option would be (2) 4.

The correct answer is Command Line Interface

Key Points 

• Command Line Interface(CLI) -  A command-line interface (CLI) is a text-based interface used to enter commands. It is used to run programs, manage computer files and interact with the computer.
• Command-line interfaces are also called command-line user interfaces, console user interfaces and character user interfaces.In the early days of computing, before the mouse, it was the standard way of interacting with computers. While the graphical user interface (GUI) has largely replaced the command-line interface (CLI).

Additional Information 

• There are many different types of command-line interfaces each command-line interface uses its own command syntax, but they all function in a similar way.
• The two most popular command-line interfaces.

1. DOS (for Windows)
2. Shell (for Unix)

The correct answer is Spreadsheet software.

Key Points 

• Spreadsheet software is a numeric-data analysis tool that allows us to create a kind of computerized ledger.
• Spreadsheet software allows the user to create any numeric based documents or numeric data-analysis tool that can be used to make budgets, financial statements etc.
• A spreadsheet is a software program you use to easily perform mathematical calculations on statistical data and totalling long columns of numbers or determining percentages and averages.
• Microsoft Excel is the most commonly used spreadsheet software.

The correct answer is Memory address register.

Key Points

• In a computer, the Memory Address Register (MAR) is the CPU register that stores either the memory address from which data will be brought to the CPU registers or the address to which data will be sent and stored via the system bus.

Additional Information 

• In computing, the instruction register (IR) is the part of a CPU's control unit that holds the instruction currently being executed or decoded.
• In simple processors, each instruction to be executed is loaded into an instruction register, which it holds while it is decoded, prepared and eventually executed, which may have several steps.
• The Output Registers (OR) hold the output after processing the input data.
• A memory buffer register is a register in a computer's processor, or central processing unit, CPU, that transfers data to and from an immediate access store.

The correct Answer Option 3: 3

Explanation:

• Planning or Cloud Readiness Assessment: This phase involves determining whether a business or system is ready to move to the cloud. It involves evaluating the existing infrastructure, applications, and data to see how they might be migrated. This phase often includes a cost-benefit analysis to evaluate whether moving to the cloud is financially advantageous.
• Migration or Implementation: This phase involves the actual process of moving data, applications, and other business elements to the cloud. It requires careful planning to minimize downtime and data loss. The process can range from rehosting (simply moving an application from on-site servers to cloud servers without modifications) to refactoring (rethinking and reworking the application to take advantage of cloud-native features).
• Management and Optimization: After the migration, the systems now in the cloud need to be managed. This includes ensuring that they are running smoothly, scaling resources up and down as necessary, and continually optimizing to reduce costs and improve performance.

NOTE:

Please note that this is a simplified model and the exact steps can vary widely depending on the specifics of the situation. Some models may break down the process into more granular phases or might include additional steps like security implementation, compliance checks, etc.

The correct answer is Nibble.

In digital systems, information is stored and processed using binary digits, or bits. A bit can have a value of either 0 or 1. When multiple bits are grouped together, they form larger units of information.

Explanation of the examples given: 1001, 1010, and 0010.

Each digit in these examples represents a bit. Starting from the leftmost digit:

1001:

• The first digit is 1, representing a bit with a value of 1.
• The second digit is 0, representing a bit with a value of 0.
• The third digit is 0, representing a bit with a value of 0.
• The fourth digit is 1, representing a bit with a value of 1.
• Therefore, the sequence "1001" consists of four bits: 1, 0, 0, and 1.

1010:

• The first digit is 1, representing a bit with a value of 1.
• The second digit is 0, representing a bit with a value of 0.
• The third digit is 1, representing a bit with a value of 1.
• The fourth digit is 0, representing a bit with a value of 0.
• Thus, the sequence "1010" also consists of four bits: 1, 0, 1, and 0.

0010:

• The first digit is 0, representing a bit with a value of 0.
• The second digit is 0, representing a bit with a value of 0.
• The third digit is 1, representing a bit with a value of 1.
• The fourth digit is 0, representing a bit with a value of 0.
• The sequence "0010" consists of four bits: 0, 0, 1, and 0.

Now, when we consider the grouping of these bits, we can see that each example consists of four bits. This grouping of four bits is known as a nibble.

Therefore, the unit that these examples represent is 1) Nibble. Each example is a nibble, which is a grouping of four bits.

Key Points 

• A bit is the smallest unit of storage.
• A bit stores just a 0 or 1.
• Computers are designed to store data and execute instructions in bit multiples called bytes.
• One nibble is equal to 4 bits.

Additional Information 

• One byte is equal to 8 bits.
• One kilobit is equal to 1000 bits.
• One kilobyte is equal to 8000 bits.
• One kibibit is equal to 1024 bits.
• One kibibyte is equal to 8192 bits.
• One Megabit is equal to 1000000 bits.
• One Megabyte is equal to 8000000 bits.

The correct statement is: Macro is quite complex, involving large amounts of data manipulation and calculations.

Explanation: A macro in MS Excel can range from simple to complex. It is not inherently complex, as the statement suggests. In fact, the main idea behind using a macro is to automate repetitive tasks, which can be very simple like formatting cells, copying and pasting data, or more complex like performing calculations on large data sets.

Additional Information

• A macro is a way to automate a task: This is correct. A macro can be used to automate a variety of tasks in Excel, such as formatting data, inserting formulas, or producing custom reports.
• It is a series of commands/actions: This is also correct. A macro is essentially a sequence of commands or actions that the user can record (or write manually in VBA code) and then replay at a later time.
• A macro is a program that uses Visual Basic Applications (VBA) code: Correct. While you can record a macro simply by performing actions in Excel, you can also manually write or modify macros using VBA, which is a programming language that's built into Excel and other Microsoft Office applications.
• Macro is quite complex, involving large amounts of data manipulation and calculations: This statement is wrong. A macro can be as simple or as complex as needed. It can perform simple tasks such as changing the formatting of a selection of cells, or more complex tasks such as processing and analyzing large amounts of data. However, the complexity of the task is not a defining characteristic of what a macro is.

The option that is not a key feature of internal memory is: No storage

Explanation: Internal memory, also known as main memory or primary storage, is a fundamental component of a computer system that provides fast, temporary storage and retrieval of data.

Additional Information 

• Fast access: Internal memory allows the processor to access data and instructions rapidly. This is crucial for the performance of the system because the speed of the processor is typically much higher than that of external storage devices.
• Limited storage capacity: While internal memory is faster, it's also much more expensive than external storage. As a result, it's generally limited in capacity. This is why we rely on external storage devices (like hard drives or SSDs) for storing large amounts of data over the long term.
• No storage: This option is incorrect. Internal memory does provide storage -- in fact, that's one of its primary functions. It's used for storing data and instructions that are being actively used or processed by the CPU.
• Temporary storage: The data in internal memory (like RAM) is temporary. When the power is turned off, any data in this memory is lost. This is why it's crucial to save important data to a more permanent form of storage, like a hard drive.

We use the following symbols,

From the given information,

As we can see that E's niece is C and B is daughter of C.

Hence, the correct answer is "Daughter".

Position values of the letters, according to the English alphabet series.

The pattern followed here is.

FCIE → 2 vowel and 2 consonants

TQWG → 4 consonants

JGMQ → 4 consonants

WTZD → 4 consonants

only "FCIE" having both vowel and consonants.

Hence, "FCIE" is odd one out.

Position values of the letters, according to the English alphabet series.

The pattern followed here is,

Similarly,

Hence, the correct answer is "GA".

Drawing the diagram as per the given information:

So, he is 10 km from the starting point.

Hence, the correct answer is "10".

The mirror image of the given figure,

Hence, the correct answer is "(A)".

The image embedded in given figure is as shown below:

Hence, the correct answer is "Option(2)".

We use the following symbols,

From the given information,

As we can see from the family tree P is Father-in-law of B.

Hence, the correct answer is "Father-in-law".

We put the cloths in Cupboard.

Here, cupboard is called Rock.

Hence, the correct answer is "Rock".

The unfolded paper shown below,

 

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (1)".

The pattern followed is,

For 4 + 5 = 41,

4 × 5 = 20

20 × 2 = 40

5 – 4 = 1, 1² = 1

40 + 1 = 41

And,

For 10 +12 = 244

10 × 12 = 120

120 × 2 = 240

12 – 10 = 2, 2² = 4

240 + 4 = 244

Similarly,

6 + 8 = ?

6 × 8 = 48

48 × 2 = 96

8 – 6 = 2, 2² = 4

96 + 4 = 100

6 + 8 = 100

Hence, “100” is the correct answer.

Virtuous, truthful and sly are all positive characteristics or qualities.

Whereas "Pensive" typically conveys a negative connotation. 

Hence, "Pensive" is odd one out.

The logic followed here is,

Row wise →

Difference of first and second number  = $\sqrt {Third\ number}$

First row:

10 - 6 = 4 ⇒ $\sqrt{16}$ 

Second row,

9 - 3 = 6  ⇒ $\sqrt{36}$ 

Third row,

8 - ? = $\sqrt{9}$

8 - ? = 3

? = 8 - 3 = 5

Hence, the missing term is "5".

The pattern followed here is:

First digit × Second digit = Third digit × Fourth digit

1. 3864 → 3 × 8 = 24 and  6 × 4 = 24

(2) 2936 → 2 × 9 = 18 and 3 × 6 = 18

(3) 6394 → 6 × 3 = 18 and 9 × 4 = 36

(4) 4638 → 4 × 6 = 24 and 3 × 8 = 24

Hence, 6394 is odd one out.

The pattern follows here is:

(A) JOLLY : LJOZM

(B) CHARM : BGBQL

Consonants are coded as +1

Vowels are coded as - 1

(C) HONOR : GOMPQ

(D) FANCY : EBMBX

Consonants are coded as +1

Vowels are coded as - 1

(E) PRIDE : RIPED

As shown in the diagram, B and D follow the same pattern.

Hence, "B and D" is the correct answer.

We use the following symbols,

From the given information,

 "DID" is coded as "494"

"DEAR" is coded as "4518"

 "BENT" is coded as "2540" 

Similarly,

"FOR" is coded as

Hence, the correct answer is "658".

Mirror image of the given figure,

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (4)".

The logic follows here:

CALF : COW → The calf is the youngest one of the cows. 

Similarly,

FOAL : HORSE → The foal is the youngest one of the horses.

Hence, the correct answer is "Horse".

The figure in the supplied question will finish the question figure's pattern is as follow,

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (1)".

The family chart is as follows:

Drawing the family tree as per the given information:

Thus we can say the pointing girl is the sister of Mihir.

Hence, the correct answer is "Sister".

The pattern followed here is,

234 : 357

Similarly,

636 : 759

Hence, the correct answer is "636 : 759".

Given:

By selling an article for Rs. 672 a profit of 12% is made. 

Calculation:

Cost price = 672 × $\dfrac{100}{100+12}$

⇒ 672 × $\dfrac{100}{112}$ = Rs. 600

For 12%loss

Selling price = 600 × $\dfrac{100-12}{100}$

⇒ 600 × $\dfrac{88}{100}$ = Rs. 528

∴ The article is sold at a loss of 12%, the selling price will be Rs.528.

Given:

X bought a product and sold it to Y for Rs. 2100. Y marked the price of the product 50% above the cost price and sold it at a discount of 12%.

Calculation:

According to the question,

The cost price of Y = Rs. 2100

Y marked the price of the product 50% above,

So, MRP = 2100 × $\dfrac{150}{100}$ = Rs. 3150

Product sold at 12% discount = 3150 × $\dfrac{88}{100}$ = Rs. 2772

Profit of Y = 2772 - 2100 = Rs. 672

Now, The profit earned by X and Y was equal.

Profit of X = Profit of Y = Rs. 672

The cost price of X = 2100 - 672 = Rs. 1428

∴ X bought the product for Rs.1428.

Calculation:

According to the question,

Three trucks carrying an average of 30 crates of apples per truck were sent to a market,

So, Total crates in three trucks = 3 × 30 = 90

Now, Each crate containing an average of 40 apples, 

Total number of apples = 40 × 90 = 3600

If all the apples were sold for Rs. 52000 at a price of Rs. 65 per kg

Then, The total weight of apples = $\dfrac{52000}{65}$ = 800 kg

Number of apples in 4 kg = $\dfrac{3600}{800}$ × 4 = 18

∴ 18 apples will have a weight of 4 kg.

The logic follows here:

'Heart' is related to 'cardiologist'

A person who studies or is an expert on heart diseases.

Similarly,

'birds' is related to 'Ornithologist'

A person who studies or is an expert on birds.

Hence, the correct answer is "Ornithologist".

The pattern followed here is,

Hence, the correct answer is "H".

Given:

In 1946 new freedom fighters who joined = 30% 

In 1946  freedom fighters who quit joined = 10% 

In 1947 new freedom fighters who joined = 20% 

End of 1946 30% of the existing freedom fighters at the end of 1946 quit the movement

Calculation:

Assume the number of freedom fighters in 1945 is x.

In 1946, 30% of x joined the movement, while 10% of x quit the movement. So, the number of freedom fighters at the end of 1946 is:

⇒ x + 0.3x - 0.1x = 1.2x

In 1947, 20% of the freedom fighters at the end of 1946 joined, and 30% of the freedom fighters at the end of 1946 quit. So, the number of freedom fighters at the end of 1947 is:

⇒ 1.2x + 0.21.2x - 0.31.2x = 1.2x + 0.24x - 0.36x = 1.08x

The percentage increase in the total number of freedom fighters from 1945 to 1947 is then given by:

⇒  $\dfrac{1.08x - x }{x } × 100$ 

⇒ 0.08  ×  100 = 8%

There is an 8% increase in the total number of freedom fighters from 1945 to 1947.

Calculation:

Required % = $\dfrac{18}{360}$ × 100 = 5%

∴ 5% people do not have the habit of smoking.

To make the expression 'M < N' definitely true, we need to choose the appropriate symbol to replace the question mark (?) in the given expression:

K ≥ I > N ≥ G ? D ≥ M

In order for 'M < N' to be true, the symbol that should replace the question mark should indicate a relationship where M is less than N. Among the options provided:

< (less than)

≥ (greater than or equal to)

≤ (less than or equal to)

(greater than)

We can eliminate options 2) (≥) and 3) (≤) because they do not represent a relationship where M is less than N.

Therefore, the correct answer is >.

Shortcut Trick

Ratio of Amount to Principal for 3 years = (25500 + 8440.50) ÷ 25500 = 33940.5 ÷ 25500 = 1331 / 1000.

Equivalent ratio for 1 year = ³√(1331 / 1000) = 11 / 10.

Interest rate (R) = (11 − 10) ÷ 10 × 100% = 10%.

Simple Interest for 3 years = 30% of Principal = 30% of 25500 = 7650.

∴ The correct answer is Rs. 7650.

Alternate Method

Given:

Principal (P) = Rs. 25,500

Time (T) = 3 years

Compound Interest (CI) = Rs. 8,440.50

Formula Used:

Amount (A) = P(1 + R / 100)^T

Simple Interest (SI) = (P × R × T) ÷ 100

Calculations:

⇒ Amount (A) = P + CI

⇒ A = 25500 + 8440.50 = 33940.50

⇒ 33940.50 = 25500 × (1 + R / 100)³

⇒ (1 + R / 100)³ = 33940.50 ÷ 25500

⇒ (1 + R / 100)³ = 339405 / 255000

⇒ (1 + R / 100)³ = 1331 / 1000 (dividing by 255)

⇒ (1 + R / 100)³ = (11 / 10)³

⇒ 1 + R / 100 = 11 / 10

⇒ R / 100 = 1 / 10

⇒ R = 10%

⇒ SI = (25500 × 10 × 3) ÷ 100

⇒ SI = 255 × 30 = 7650

∴ The correct answer is Rs. 7650.

Additional Information

Effective Compound Interest Rate

For a 10% per annum rate, the effective CI for 2 years is 21%, and for 3 years, it is 33.1%.

Difference Between CI and SI (2 Years)

Difference = P × (R ÷ 100)². It determines the extra interest earned through compounding over exactly two years.

Difference Between CI and SI (3 Years)

Difference = P × (R ÷ 100)² × (3 + R ÷ 100). Essential formula for efficiently finding the three-year CI and SI differences without complete calculations.

Given:

tan²x + cot²x = 23

Calculation:

tan2x + cot2x = 23

⇒ cosec2x - 1 + sec2x - 1 = 23

⇒ cosec2x + sec2x = 25

⇒ $\dfrac{\text{sin}^2x+\text{cos}^2x}{\text{sin}^2x.\text{cos}^2x}$ = 25

⇒ $\dfrac{1}{\text{sin}^2x.\text{cos}^2x}$ = 25

⇒ cosec2x.sec2x = 25

⇒ cosecx.secx = √25 = 5

∴ cosecx.secx = 5

Alternate Method

tan2x + cot2x = 23

⇒ $\dfrac{\text{sin}^2x}{\text{cos}^2x}$ + $\dfrac{\text{cos}^2x}{\text{sin}^2x}$ = 23

⇒ $\dfrac{\text{sin}^4x + \text{cos}^4x}{\text{sin}^2x.\text{cos}^2x}$ = 23

⇒ $\dfrac{(\text{sin}^2x + \text{cos}^2x)^2-2\text{sin}^2x.\text{cos}^2x}{\text{sin}^2x.\text{cos}^2x}$ = 23

⇒ $\dfrac{1-2\text{sin}^2x.\text{cos}^2x}{\text{sin}^2x.\text{cos}^2x}$ = 23

⇒ $\dfrac{1}{\text{sin}^2x.\text{cos}^2x}$ - $\dfrac{2\text{sin}^2x.\text{cos}^2x}{\text{sin}^2x.\text{cos}^2x}$ = 23

⇒ cosec²x.sec²x - 2 = 23

⇒ cosec2x.sec2x = 23 + 2 = 25

⇒ cosecx.secx = √25 = 5

∴ cosecx.secx = 5

The pattern followed here is,

The number in place of ? is 51.

Hence, the correct answer is "51".

Given:

Eight persons - Heer, Rani, Nora, Anup, Doha, Mrig, Gaur and Shera are sitting around a square table such that four persons sits on the fours corner the table facing towards the center and the rest of the four persons sits on the middle of the sides facing away from the centre.

1. Gaur neither sits at corner nor opposite to Shera.

2. Anup sits second to the left of Heer, who sits third left of Gaur.

3. Nora sits third to the left of Rani.

4. Only two persons sit between Mrig and Shera, who sits immediately left of Nora.

Only Doha is left so, the final sitting arrangement is:

Hence, "Shera" sits in front of Anup.

We have check all the options,

(1): b a a b / b a b b / b a a b / a a a b

(2): a a a a / b a a b / b b a b / b a a b

(3): b a a a / b a b b / b a a b / b a a b

(4): b a a b / b a a b / b a a b / b a a b 

Hence, the correct answer is "bbaab".

Shortcut Trick

When two points are on the opposite sides of a tower of height h, the distance between them is given by d = h × (cot θ₁ + cot θ₂).

Distance = 50 × (cot 30° + cot 60°)

Distance = 50 × (√3 + 1/√3) = 50 × (4/√3) = 200/√3

Distance ≈ 200 ÷ 1.732 ≈ 115.47 m.

∴ The correct answer is 115.47 m.

Alternate Method

Given: Height of the tower (h) = 50 m, Angle of elevation 1 (θ₁) = 30°, Angle of elevation 2 (θ₂) = 60°.

Formula Used: tan θ = Perpendicular / Base

In right ▵ADC:

⇒ tan 30° = CD / AD

⇒ 1/√3 = 50 / AD

⇒ AD = 50√3 m

In right ▵BDC:

⇒ tan 60° = CD / BD

⇒ √3 = 50 / BD

⇒ BD = 50/√3 m

Total Distance AB:

⇒ AB = AD + BD = 50√3 + 50/√3

⇒ AB = (50 × 3 + 50) / √3 = 200 / √3

⇒ AB = 200 / 1.73205 ≈ 115.47 m

∴ The correct answer is 115.47 m.

Additional Information

Points on the same side

If both points are on the same side of the tower, the distance between them is d = h × |cot θ₁ − cot θ₂|.

Angle of Depression

The angle of depression from the top of the tower to a point on the ground is numerically equal to the angle of elevation from that point to the top.

Trigonometric Ratios

Standard values: tan 30° = 1/√3, tan 45° = 1, tan 60° = √3. Note that √3 ≈ 1.732.

Complementary Angles

If the angles of elevation from two points at distances 'a' and 'b' from the base are complementary, then height h = √(a × b).

The least possible Venn diagram for the given statement will be:

Conclusions:

I. No butter-milk is ghee → True (All butter-milk is butter and no butter is ghee so no butter-milk is ghee)

II. Some butter are curd → True (All butter-milk is butter and some butter-milk is curd so some butter is also curd)

III. Some curd are not ghee → True (some cord is butter and no butter is ghee so some curd is not ghee)

Hence, the correct answer is "all conclusions I, II and III follow".

Additional Information 

fs

Given:

The interest charged on a certain sum is Rs. 720 for one year and Rs. 1497.60 for two years.

Calculation:

Interest for 1 year=Rs.720

Interest for 2 years=Rs.1497.60

∴ Interest for 2nd year=1497.60−720=Rs.777.60

As the interest is not the same for two years, it is compound interest not simple interest.

Difference between C.I of two successive years = 777.60 - 720 = Rs. 57.60

Rate of interest = $\dfrac{57.60 ×100}{720 × 1}$ = 8%

Let the sum be Rs.100

Interest on it for 1st year = 8% of 100

⇒ $\dfrac{8}{100}$ × 100 = Rs. 8

If the interest for one year is Rs 8 then sum=Rs.100

If the interest for one year is 720 then sum = $\dfrac{100}{8}$ × 720 = Rs. 9000

∴ Option (3) is the correct answer.

Calculation:

The number of students who like Volleyball in school D = 180 × $\dfrac{25}{100}$

⇒ 45

The number of students who like Basketball in school B = 140 × $\dfrac{25}{100}$

⇒ 35

According to the question,

Required % = $\dfrac{45-35}{35}$ × 100 

⇒ 28.57%

∴ Option (3) is the correct answer.

Given:

Combined salary in 2003 = Rs. 150,000

Increment for uncle = 1/9

Increment for aunt = 1/6

Aunt's new salary = 70% of uncle's new salary

Formula used:

New salary = Old salary × (1 + Increment)

Calculation:

Let uncle's salary = U, and Aunt's = A

⇒ U + A = 150,000

Uncle's new salary = U × (10/9)

Aunt's new salary = A × (7/6)

Anew = 0.70 × Unew

⇒ A × (7/6) = 0.70 × U × (10/9)

⇒ A/U = (0.70 × 10/9)/(7/6) = 2/3

⇒ A = (2/3)U

Now, U + A = 150,000

⇒ U + (2/3)U = 150,000

⇒ (5/3)U = 150,000

⇒ U = (150,000 × 3)/5 = 90,000

A = (2/3)U = (2/3) × 90,000 = 60,000

Anew = A × (7/6) = 60,000 × (7/6) = 70,000

∴ Aunt's new salary = Rs. 70,000