MP Forest Guard Previous Year Paper (Held on: 28th July 2017 Shift 3)

The correct answer is- 'I dropped the vase and it broke into pieces.'

Key Points

• The tenses of all the verbs in a sentence should be the same.
• "Has/Have" is always followed by the V3 form of the verb.
• Option 1: The first part of the sentence is in the incorrect structure of Present Perfect Tense and the second part of the sentence is in the Simple Past Tense, so this option is incorrect.
• ​Correct structure of the Present Perfect Tense with the verb "drop": Subject + has/have + dropped = I have dropped
• Option 2: The first and second part of the sentence is in the Simple Past Tense, so this option is correct.
• ​Correct structure of the Simple Past Tense with the verb "drop" and "break": Subject + V2(dropped/broke)
• Option 3: The first part of the sentence is in the Simple Past Tense and the second part of the sentence is in the incorrect structure of the Present Perfect Tense, so this option is incorrect.
• ​Correct structure of the Present Perfect Tense with the verb "break": Subject + has/have + broken = I have broken
• Option 4: The first part of the sentence is in the incorrect structure of Simple Present Tense and the second part of the sentence is in the incorrect Present Perfect Tense, so this option is incorrect.
• Correct structure of the Simple Present Tense with the verb "drop": Subject + drop/drops = I drop
• Therefore, the correct answer is Option 2.

Correct sentence: I dropped the vase and it broke into pieces.

The correct answer is- 'He has been living in New York since 1993.'

Key Points 

• Two rules are needed to be considered here:
• The subject "He" is singular, so we need a singular helping verb "has" with it.
• Therefore, the options "He have been living in New York since 1993" and "He have been living in New York from 1993" are opted out.
• The preposition ‘for’ is used to denote a specific amount of time in which someone or something was performing an action.
• Example: Neethu will be here for a few hours.
• ​The word 'since' is used to refer to the time passed between then and now, i.e. from a point in the past until now/present.
• Example: I haven’t met Neel since evening.
• ​Therefore, the option "He has been living in New York since 1993" is correct as his residence in New York dates back to 1993.
• So, the correct answer is Option 2.

Correct sentence: He has been living in New York since 1993.

The correct answer is 'Siege.'

Key Points

• The correctly spelled word among the words is 'Siege.'
• The meaning of the word 'Siege' is a situation in which an army surrounds a town for a long time or the police surround a building so that nobody can get in or out. ((सैनिकों द्वारा किसी शहर की या पुलिस द्वारा किसी इमारत की) घेराबंदी (लोगों का अंदर जाना-बाहर आना रोकने के लिए))
• Example: The siege of Mafeking lasted for eight months.
• Therefore, the correct answer is Option 1.​

Additional Information

• Let us explore the correct spelling and meanings of the other words:
• Separate: apart; not together. (अलग, पृथक; न जुड़ा हुआ)
• Suggestible: easily influenced by suggestion. (सुझाव से आसानी से प्रभावित)
• Similar: like somebody/something but not exactly the same. (किसी के समान (परंतु पूर्णतः वही नहीं); किसी के जैसा या सदृश)

The correct answer is 'Sandwitch.'

Key Points

• The incorrectly spelt word among the words is 'Sandwitch.'
• The correct spelling is "Sandwich."
• The meaning of the word 'Sandwich' is two slices of bread with food between them. (सैंडविच (ब्रेड के दो टुकड़े जिनके बीच में खाद्य वस्‍तु हो))
• Example: This is a chicken sandwich.
• Therefore, the correct answer is Option 2.​

Additional Information 

• Let us explore the meanings of the other words:
• Scissors: a tool for cutting things that consists of two long, flat, sharp pieces of metal that are joined together. (क़ैंची)
• Survive: to continue to live or exist in or after a difficult or dangerous situation. (कठिन या संकटपूर्ण स्थिति में या उसके बाद जीवित या अस्तित्‍व में बने रहना)
• Success: the fact that you have achieved what you want; doing well and becoming famous, rich, etc. (अभीष्‍ट की प्राप्ति हो जाने की स्थिति; यश, धन आदि की प्राप्ति, सफलता, कामयाबी)

The correct answer is 'The.'

Key Points  

• The only articles in English are ‘the’ and ‘a/an’.
• Use the article "a or an" to indicate any non-specified member of a group or category.
• If a word begins with a vowel sound, then the correct article is 'an'; otherwise, if it begins with a consonantal sound, the correct article is 'a'.
• The definite article 'the' is used before a noun to indicate that the identity of the noun is known to the reader. 
• Example: 
• We are looking for an apartment.
• I own a cat and two dogs.
• I love to visit the building.
• Here, we are talking about the "discovery" of the specific thing "anaesthesia."
• So we must use "the" in the blank.
• Hence, the correct answer is Option 2.

​

​Correct sentence: The discovery of anaesthesia transformed medical surgery.

The correct answer is 'above.'

Key Points 

 

• Let us see the meanings of the given prepositions:
• We use "Above" to show in a more important or advanced position than someone else.
• Example: Sally is a grade above me.
• We use "from" used to show the place where someone or something starts.
• Example: She bought this shoe from your shop.
• "Off" is usually used as an adverb or a preposition. In both cases, it indicates separation or disconnection.
• Off is the opposite of on and when we want to say that something has been removed.
• We use "into" to talk about the movement of something, usually with a verb that expresses movement (e.g. go, come, straight).
• It shows where something is or was going.
• Example: Helen came into the room.
• The sentence conveys that in the British army, a major-general is superior to a brigadier.
• Hence, option 1 is the correct answer. 

​

​Correct sentence: A major-general is above a brigadier in the British army.

The correct answer is 'of.'

Key Points 

 

• Let us see the meanings of the given prepositions:
• We use "from" used to show the place where someone or something starts.
• Example: She bought this shoe from your shop.
• We use "on" when something is touching the surface of something.
• Example: He has a tattoo on his arm.
• We use "by" to show the person or thing that does something.
• Example: The motorcycle was driven by a tiny bald man.
• ​We use "of" when we want to show that people or things relate to other things or people.
• Example: Tiffany stared at the floor of her room.
• The sentence conveys the relationship between loaves and bread.
• Hence, option 4 is the correct answer. 

​

​Correct sentence: My mother bought many loaves of bread from the bakery.

The correct answer is 'an.'

Key Points

 

• The only articles in English are ‘the’ and ‘a/an’.
• Use the article "a or an" to indicate any non-specified member of a group or category.
• If a word begins with a vowel sound, then the correct article is 'an'; otherwise, if it begins with a consonantal sound, the correct article is 'a'.
• The definite article 'the' is used before a noun to indicate that the identity of the noun is known to the reader. 
• Example: 
• We are looking for an apartment.
• I own a cat and two dogs.
• I love to visit the building.
• Here, we are talking about the non-specific "urbane man" and it starts with a vowel sound "a."
• So we must use "an" in the blank.
• Hence, the correct answer is Option 3.

​

​Correct sentence: John Herschel was an urbane, kindly, and generous man.

The correct answer is 'but.'

Key Points

• Let us see the meanings of given conjunctions:
• "But" is used to introduce an added statement, usually something that is different from what you have said before.
• Example: This is not caused by evil, but by simple ignorance.
• "And" is a coordinating conjunction. We use "and" to connect two words, phrases, clauses, or prefixes together, and it is used to join two words of the same rank or same qualities.
• Example: He is bold and handsome.
• "Or" is used to connect different possibilities.
• Example: You can pay now or when you come back to pick up the paint.​
• We use "else" after words beginning with any-, every-, no- and some-, to mean 'other', 'another', 'different' or 'additional'.
• Example: Everybody else has agreed except for you.
• ​The sentence is talking about two contrasting actions, "The doctors are doing all that they can" and "She is still not breathing properly."
• Therefore, the correct answer is Option 1.​

Correct sentence: The doctors are doing all that they can, but she is still not breathing properly.

The correct answer is 'Yet.'

Key Points

• Let us see the meanings of given conjunctions:
• "Because" is used when we are focusing on the reason. 
• Example: She spoke quietly because she didn’t want Catherine to hear.
• "Yet" as a conjunction means 'but' or 'nevertheless' and we use it to show contrast. It often occurs after 'and'.
• Example: It felt strange and yet so wonderful to ski in the summer!
• We use the conjunctive adverb "therefore" to show cause and effect and improve your sentence flow.
• Example: Therefore, I was late for work.
• We use "since" as a subordinating conjunction to introduce a subordinate clause. We use it to give a reason for something.
• Example: Sean had no reason to take a taxi since his flat was near enough to walk to.
• ​The sentence is saying that even though Rini is thin, she wants to diet.
• Therefore, the correct answer is Option 2.​

Correct sentence: Rini is slim yet she wants to go on a diet.

The correct answer is '​can.'

 

Key Points

• Let us see the usage of the given modal verbs:​ 
• Can: We use "can" to talk about the ability to do something at a specific time in the present or future.
• Example: I can see you.
• ​Ought to have: We use "ought to have" when talking about things that are desired or ideal.
• Example: They ought to have more parks in the city centre.
• ​Could have: *"*Could have" is used to talk about something that was or wasn't possible in the past.
• Example: You could have bought the cheaper jacket, it looked great on you.
• Dare: "Dare" is both the main verb and a semi-modal verb and it can mean ‘challenge somebody’.
• With this meaning, it is the main verb and requires an object. Any verb that follows it is in the to-infinitive​
• Example: Some snakes can bite but I dare you to hold this big snake.
• ​​The sentence talks about the ability of the subject "computer" to perform millions of calculations every second.
• Therefore, the correct answer is Option 1.

Correct sentence: Computers can perform millions of calculations every second.

The correct answer is- 'Barracks.'

Key Points

• Let us see the meanings of the words:
• Hive: a container for housing honeybees. (मधुमक्खियों के आवास के लिए एक कंटेनर)
• Barracks: a building or group of buildings in which soldiers live. (फ़ौजियों के रहने का भवन या भवन-शृंखला; बैरक)
• Aquarium: a glass container filled with water, in which fish and water animals are kept. (पानी से भरी शीशे की टंकी जिसमें मछली आदि जलजीवों को रखा जाता है; मछलीघर, जलजीवशाला)
• Auditorium: the part of a theatre, concert hall, etc. where the audience sits. (सिनेमा, रंगशाला आदि में दर्शकों के बैठने का स्‍थान; श्रोताकक्ष, प्रेक्षागृह)
• Therefore, a building for the lodging of soldiers is called "Barracks."
• Option 2 is correct in this context.

The correct answer is- 'Biography​.'

Key Points

• Let us see the meanings of the words:
• Autobiography: the story of a person’s life written by that person. (आत्‍मकथा, आत्‍मचरित)
• Biography: the story of a person’s life written by somebody else. ((अन्‍य व्‍यक्ति द्वारा लिखित) किसी व्‍यक्ति का जीवनचरित; जीवनी)
• Fable: a short story that teaches a lesson (a moral) and that often has animals as the main characters. (नीति का उपदेश देने वाली कथा (जिसके पात्र प्रायः पशु होते हैं); नीति कथा)
• Metaphor: a word or phrase that is used in an imaginative way to show that somebody/something has the same qualities as another thing. ‘Her words were a knife in his heart’ is a metaphor. (एक वस्‍तु की दूसरी से पूरी समानता दिखाने के लिए किसी शब्‍द का कल्‍पनाशील प्रयोग; रूपक (उदाहरण ‘Her words were a knife in his heart’ में ‘knife’ रूपक है); लक्षणा)
• Therefore, a life history of a person written by somebody else other than the person himself is called a 'Biography​.'
• Option 2 is correct in this context.

Here, the erroneous part is- '(c)'

Key Points 

• The error lies in part (c) of the sentence.
• Rules for question tag:
• The sentence and the question tag must be in the same tense.
• If the statement is negative, we use a positive question tag.
• The first part of the sentence is negative which is evident with the use of the word "None of us."
• Thus, a positive question tag should be used.
• For the negative question tag, use the contracted form of the 'helping verb.'
• As the given verb is in the present tense, so we must use "are."
• Always use pronouns in the question tag.
• Example: Nobody has called for me, have they?
• ​​To make the sentence grammatically correct, we must substitute "aren't" with "are."
• So, the correct answer is Option 4.

Correct sentence: None of us are going to the marriage party, are we?

Here, the erroneous part is- '(c)'

Key Points  

• The error lies in part (c) of the sentence.
• The only articles in English are ‘the’ and ‘a/an’.
• Use the article "a or an" to indicate any non-specified member of a group or category.
• If a word begins with a vowel sound, then the correct article is 'an'; otherwise, if it begins with a consonantal sound, the correct article is 'a'.
• The definite article 'the' is used before a noun to indicate that the identity of the noun is known to the reader. 
• Example: 
• We are looking for an apartment.
• I own a cat and two dogs.
• I love to visit the building.
• We use 'the' with the names of any particular place i.e; famous buildings, works of art, museums, or monuments, and 'the' is used when referring to something specific (e.g. 'the Pope', 'the Taj Mahal').
• "Artic ocean" is a proper noun, so we must use "the" before it.
• ​​To make the sentence grammatically correct, we must substitute "Artic Ocean" with "the Artic Ocean."
• So, the correct answer is Option 4.

Correct sentence: The pacific Ocean is deeper than the Arctic Ocean.

The correct answer is 'It should be generally understood or accepted.'

Key Points

• The meaning of "go without saying" is to be clear, so that you do not need to say it. (बात का खुद स्‍पष्‍ट होना (कि कुछ कहना ही न पड़े))
• Example: It goes without saying that the children will be well looked after at all times.
• ​​Therefore, the most appropriate meaning of the given idiom 'goes without saying' is 'It should be generally understood or accepted.'
• So, the correct answer is Option 2.

The correct answer is 'having only two very unpleasant choices.'

Key Points

• The meaning of "Between the devil and the deep sea" is in a difficult situation where there are two equally unpleasant choices. (एक कठिन परिस्थिति में जहां दो समान रूप से अप्रिय विकल्प होते हैं)
• Example: After two of my best friends had a terrible breakup, I felt like I'm between the devil and the deep blue sea as I've continued being friends with both of them.
• ​​Therefore, the most appropriate meaning of the given idiom 'between the devil and the deep blue sea' is 'having only two very unpleasant choices.'
• So, the correct answer is Option 4.

The correct answer is 'cheated.'

Key Points

• Let us see the meaning of "deceived":
• Deceived: to try to make somebody believe something that is not true. (बहकाना, भ्रमित करना)
• Example: He deceived his mother into believing that he had earned the money, not stolen it.
• Let us see the meanings of the given options:
• Cheated: to trick somebody, especially when that person trusts you; to deceive somebody. (किसी को ठगना, धोखा देना; छल करना)
• Justified: to give or be a good reason for something. (किसी बात के औचित्‍य का निरूपण करना, सफ़ाई देना)
• Pleased: to make somebody happy; to satisfy. (किसी को ख़ुश या प्रसन्‍न करना; संतुष्‍ट करना)
• Benefitted: to produce a good or useful effect. (लाभदायक या हितकारी प्रभाव होना; किसी का भला करना)
• From the meanings of the given words, we can say that the word that is most similar in meaning to the underlined word is "cheated."
• So, the correct answer is Option 1.

The correct answer is 'reduced.'

Key Points

• Let us see the meaning of "enlarged":
• Enlarged: to make something or to become bigger. ((आकार में) बड़ा होना या करना)
• Example: I’m going to have this photo enlarged.
• Let us see the meanings of the given options:
• Decorated: to add something in order to make a thing more attractive to look at. ((किसी वस्‍तु को किसी अन्‍य वस्‍तु से) सजाना-सँवारना)
• Strengthened: to become stronger or to make something stronger. (सशक्त या ताक़तवर होना या (किसी को) सशक्त या ताक़तवर बनाना)
• Increased: to become or to make something larger in number or amount. (संख्‍या या मात्रा में वृद्धि होना या करना, संख्‍या या मात्रा की दृष्टि से बढ़ना या बढ़ाना)
• Reduced: to make something less or smaller in quantity, price, size, etc. (मात्रा, क़ीम���, आकार आदि की दृष्टि से घटाना; छोटा करना)
• From the meanings of the given words, we can say that the word that is opposite to the highlighted word from the given options is "reduced."
• Therefore, the correct answer is option 4.

The correct answer is 'constructed.'

Key Points

• Let us see the meaning of "Demolished":
• Demolished: to destroy something, for example, a building. ((भवन आदि को) गिरा देना, तोड़ देना, ध्वस्‍त कर देना)
• Example: The old shops were demolished and a supermarket was built in their place.
• Let us see the meanings of the given options:
• Ruined: to damage something so badly that it loses all its value, pleasure, etc. (किसी चीज़ को तबाह कर देना, बरबाद कर देना (कि वह बिलकुल बेकार हो जाए))
• Constructed: to build or make something. (किसी वस्‍तु का निर्माण करना, बनाना; रचना)
• Destructed: cause deliberate, terminal damage to. (जानबूझकर, टर्मिनल क्षति का कारण)
• Razed: to completely destroy a building, town, etc. so that nothing is left. ((भवन, शहर आदि) पूर्णतः नष्‍ट कर देना; ध्‍वस्‍त करना)
• From the meanings of the given words, we can say that the word that is opposite to the highlighted word from the given options is 'constructed.'
• Therefore, the correct answer is option 2.

The correct answer is Anaerobic respiration

Key Points

• Respiration using electron acceptors other than molecular oxygen is known as anaerobic respiration.
• Oxygen is not present in anaerobic respiration.
• Glucose is oxidized to ethyl alcohol, and it releases carbon dioxide.
• Respiration in yeast is a type of anaerobic respiration.
• When glucose is added with enzymes then carbon dioxide and lactic acid are produced, this is the basic equation of anaerobic respiration.
• Anaerobic respiration yields 2ATP for every molecule of glucose.

Additional Information

• Anaerobic respiration does not produce as much energy as that aerobic respiration.
• A carbohydrate, such as starch or sugar, is transformed into an alcohol or an acid during the metabolic process of fermentation.
• A chemical reaction that converts carbohydrates into energy using oxygen (sugars). also known as aerobic respiration, oxidative metabolism, and cell respiration.

The correct answer is Electrolysis.

Key Points 

• Electrolysis 
• ​It is a process by which an electric current is passed through a substance to effect a chemical change.
• A chemical change is one in which the substance loses or gains an electron. Which is nothing but oxidation or reduction of a substance.
• The process is carried out in an electrolyte cell.
• Electrolysis is used for coating one metal on another.
• Michael Faraday coined the term "electrolysis".
• Water electrolysis results in the production of hydrogen and oxygen.

Additional Information 

• Electroplating
• The process of applying a metal coating on another piece of metal through an electrodeposition process is called electroplating.
• In electroplating**,** electrodeposition is used to coat an object in a layer of metal.
• Electrode
• An electrode is a conductor that allows the flow of electrical currents.
• Thermionic emission
• The emission of electrons from an electrode as a result of temperature is known as thermionic emission.

The correct answer is the Symbiotic association of an alga and a fungus.

Key Points

• Lichens are usually recognized as a symbiotic association of a fungus and a chlorophyll-containing partner, either green algae or cyanobacteria.
• The fungus gives a satisfactory habitat for the partner, which gives photosynthetically fixed carbon as an energy source for the system.
• Lichens are the symbiotic connection linking algae and fungi.
• The algae benefit their fungal partner by creating organic food compounds through photosynthesis.

Additional Information

• ​Algae are explained as a group of predominantly aquatic, photosynthetic, and nucleus-bearing organisms that lack the true roots, stems, leaves, and specific multicellular reproductive parts of plants.
• A fungus is a kind of eukaryotic organism related to the kingdom of Fungi, alongside plants, animals, protozoa, and monera.
• Lichens are a symbiotic group of fungi and cyanobacteria or algae.
• Commensalism is another kind of symbiotic connection where one organism profits and the other organism is not profited or harmed either way.

The correct answer is Refraction of light

Key Points

• The change in the direction of a wave passing from one medium to another caused by its change in speed is called refraction.
• The phenomenon of refraction occurs due to difference in the refractive index of the medium since the speed changes.
• When light travels from rarer medium to denser medium, then it bends towards the normal.
• When light travels from denser medium to rarer medium, then it bends away from normal.

Additional Information

• Reflection is a phenomenon in which a ray of light bounces back when it strikes the polished surface.
• Obstruction is the obstacle that blocks the ray of light.
• Dispersion is defined as spreading of white light into its full spectrum of wavelength.

The correct answer is Ribosomes.

Key Points

• Ribosomes are the sites in a cell in which protein synthesis takes place.
• Ribosomes are complexes of rRNA molecules and proteins.
• rRNA is sometimes called a ribozyme or catalytic RNA.
• There are two types of Ribosomes: 
• Eukaryotic
• Prokaryotic
• The synthesis of proteins starts with the binding of the ribosome on the rough endoplasmic reticulum at the translocon.
• Protein synthesis takes place in ribosomes in  two steps process:
• Transcription: It is the method by which a molecule of messenger RNA (mRNA) is produced that is complementary to a gene in DNA.
• Translation: It is the method by which proteins are assembled at ribosomes using genetic information from transcribed mRNA.

Additional Information

• Nucleosome: A nucleosome is a section of DNA that is wrapped around a core of proteins Inside the nucleus.
• Dictyosoms: Dictyosomes refer to stacks of flat, membrane-bound cisternae which together form the Golgi body. The main function of dictyosome is secretion.
• Lysosome: A lysosome is a membrane-bound cell organelle that contains digestive enzymes. Lysosomes are involved with various cell processes.

The correct answer is Amplitude

Key Points

• The loudness of a sound relates the intensity of any given sound to the intensity at the threshold of hearing.
• The loudness of sound depends on the amplitude of the vibration producing the sound.
• A sound is louder as the amplitude of the vibration is greater, and the intensity decreases as the distance from the source increases.

Additional Information

• Loudness is measured in a unit called decibels.
• The loudness of the sound is directly proportional to the square of the amplitude of the vibration producing the sound.
• The loudness of sound also depends on the density of the medium through which it propagates.

The correct answer is XY.

Key Points

• The thread-like components known as chromosomes are found in the nucleus of both animal and plant cells.
• Protein and a single molecule of deoxyribonucleic acid make up each chromosome (DNA).
• DNA is passed down from parents to children and contains the precise instructions that give each kind of living thing its individuality.
• Chromosomes play an important role during cell division.
• They protect the DNA from getting tangled and damaged.
• XY combination of chromosomes is capable to determine the sex of a child.

Additional Information

• Humans typically have 46 chromosomes or 23 pairs of them in each cell.
• The appearance of twenty-two of these pairs, known as autosomes, is the same in both sexes.
• Males and females have different 23^rd-pair sex chromosomes.
• The main function of chromosomes is to carry the DNA and transfer the genetic information from parents to offspring.

The correct answer is Reduces friction.

Key Points

• Lubrication of moving surfaces reduces friction.
• Lubricants aid in the smoothing of machine parts with grating surfaces.
• As a result, the level of resistance is reduced.
• When we provide lubricant between the rubbing components of a machine, a fine layer of grease forms, which leads to the polishing of the two granting surfaces.
• This coating of oil separated the two granting portions slightly, reducing resistance significantly.
• The friction between machine parts decreases and the movement becomes smoother.

Additional Information

• As we all know, a lubricant is a liquid that is used to minimize friction between two or more surfaces that are in mutual contact, hence lowering the heat generated when the surfaces move.
• It is one of the most essential compounds used to improve machine performance and extend the life of equipment, automobile, and other heavy machinery.
• It is employed in a variety of industries, including automotive, industrial businesses, and maritime.
• It serves as a substantial performance booster and extends the life of machinery or engines used in automotive items.

The correct answer is Hydrogen bonding

Key Points

• ​Water has strong intermolecular hydrogen bonding linking the molecules.
• A large amount of energy is needed to break this hydrogen bonding. Hence water molecules will have a high boiling point.
• The higher boiling point of water is due to hydrogen bonding.
• Moreover, hydrogen bonding is an important type of dipole-dipole attraction between molecules.

Additional Information

• The greater the forces of attraction, the higher the boiling point, or the greater the polarity, the higher the boiling point.
• Water molecules in the liquid state have the capability to form hydrogen bonds with each other.
• A high dielectric constant is not necessarily alluring.
• High dielectric constants (or low dielectric strength) are not good insulators and are great electricity conductors.
• The smaller the dissociation constant, the more tightly bound the ligand is, or the higher the affinity between the ligand and protein

The correct answer is Photosynthesis​

Key Points

• The process in which Carbon dioxide is taken by the green plants from the atmosphere to make their food and to release Oxygen gas in the atmosphere is known as photosynthesis.
• ​Green plant balances Carbon dioxide and Oxygen as they take the carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and release the oxygen in the atmosphere by photosynthesis.
• ​Thus, balance cycle of carbon dioxide and oxygen in atmosphere is photosynthesis.

Additional Information

• In Leaf anatomy the leaves can be found in a various kinds of shapes and sizes. Many leaves are wide, flat, and mostly green in colour.
• Photorespiration is the process which decreases the efficiency of photosynthesis.
• The process in which food is chemically combined with Oxygen to form Carbon dioxide, water vapour, and energy is called respiration.

The correct answer is 2.

Key Points

• The carbon atom is tetravalent even though it has unpaired electrons.
• It is determined that the floor kingdom of a neutral carbon atom does indeed contain two unpaired electrons.
• The Co2+ ion in an aqueous answer is octahedrally coordinated and paramagnetic, with 3 unpaired electrons.

Additional Information

• Carbon can shape 4 covalent bonds.
• The helium atom incorporates 2 electrons.
• A carbon atom can bond with four different atoms and is like the four-hollow wheel, even as an oxygen atom,

The correct answer is Nucleus.

Key Points

• The nucleus is a pivotal organelle that is liable for regulating the majority of types of cellular activities.
• Every form of the cell is categorized on the premise of the absence or presence of the nucleus within its cell.
• Eukaryotic cell: A cell that contains Nucleus.
• Prokaryotic cell: Cell having no Nucleus.
• Functions of Nucleus: 
• It controls the cell’s growth and reproduction.
• It comprises the genetic material of a cell.
• It is accountable for storing the cell’s DNA.
• It is responsible for coordinating many of the important cellular activities like protein synthesis, cell division, growth, and a host of other important functions..
• It is possible to duplicate one’s DNA within the nucleus. The process of producing an identical copy of the DNA has been named DNA Replication.

​

Additional Information

Mitochondria: 

• Mitochondria are membrane-bound cell organelles that generate most of the energy needed to power the cell's biochemical reactions.
• It is also referred to as the "Powerhouse of the cell".

Vacuoles: 

• A vacuole is a membrane-bound cell organelle that is generally small and helps sequester waste products in animal cells.
• In plant cells, vacuoles help maintain water balance.

Genes: 

• The gene is the essential unit of inheritance.
• Genes are passed from parents to offspring and contain the information needed to specify physical and biological traits.

The correct answer is Its velocity increases.

Key Points

• Monochromatic Beam
• The brightness or light intensity, propagation direction, and color of a monochromatic light beam are all visible characteristics, while the state of polarization is an invisible characteristic.
• Perpendicular to the propagation direction, light waves oscillate or swing back and forth.
• Transitions that are characteristic of the chemical properties of the constituent elements of a substance or material are induced when monochromatic light is directed toward that substance or material.

Additional Information

• Refraction:
• The bending of a wave as it moves from one medium to another is known as refraction. The disparities in density between the two materials result in the bending.
• Laws of refraction
• The incident ray refracted ray, and the normal to the interface of two media at the point of incidence all lie on the same plane.
• The ratio of the sine of the angle of incidence to the sine of the angle of refraction is constant. This is also known as Snell’s law of refraction.

The correct answer is the Glyptal.

Key Points

• The term "natural polymers" refers to compounds that are produced naturally.
• Glyptal is a synthetic polymer and does not exist in nature.
• The polymer substance formed from glycerol and phthalic acid is known commercially as glyptal.

Additional Information

• Polymers can be created by connecting tiny molecules or substances into a single, massive molecule through a chemical process.
• There are two types of polymers:
• Organic or natural polymer
• Synthetic polymer
• Natural polymers include starch, glycogen, and cellulose.
• Synthetic polymers are created in a lab by chemical reactions that do not occur naturally.
• A few examples of synthetic polymers are Glyptal, Nylon, and Teflon.

The correct answer is An electric current.

Key Points:

• The movement of electrons through a whole circuit of conductors is known as electric current.
• Everything from our lights to our trains is powered by it.
• An electric circuit is a closed channel that allows electric current to flow through it.
• To build an electric circuit, different components, such as a battery, resistor, wire, key, light, etc, can be linked in many ways.

Additional Information

• An electric circuit is a conduit for moving current.
• A battery or generator is a device that provides energy to the charged particles that make up the current, a device that uses current, such as a lamp, an electric motor, or a computer, and the connecting wires or transmission lines make up an electric circuit.
• Several categories are used to categorize electric circuits.
• Only one direction of current can flow through a direct-current circuit.
• As in most residential circuits, an alternating-current circuit transports current that pulses back and forth repeatedly every second.

The correct answer is Radiation.

Key Points

• In radiation, warmth is transferred in the form of electromagnetic radiation.
• Radiation is the switch of warmth strength via space by electromagnetic radiation.
• A total of 173,000 terawatts (trillions of watts) of solar electricity strikes the Earth constantly.

Additional Information

• The electricity, warmth, and light from the sun go with the flow away in the form of electromagnetic radiation (EMR).
• Conduction is the manner by way of which warmth energy is transmitted via collisions between neighboring atoms or molecules.
• Convection is the process of heat transfer with the aid of the majority movement of molecules within fluids consisting of gases and liquids.

The correct answer is Photosynthesis.

Key Points

• Plants also are experts at capturing light energy and using it to produce sugars through a procedure known as photosynthesis.
• This procedure starts with the absorption of light by specialized organic molecules, known as pigments, that are found in the chloroplasts of plant cells.
• Photosynthesis is based upon the absorption of light by pigments in the leaves of plants.
• Photosynthesis is the procedure by which plants use sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide to produce oxygen and energy in the form of sugar.

Additional Information

• ​Sublimation is the transition of a substance directly from the solid state to the gas state without passing through the intermediate liquid phase.
• Rusting is explained as the chemical procedure in which there is a formation of red or orange coat on the surface of the metals.
• Burning is a chemical procedure in which a substance reacts quickly with oxygen and gives off heat.

The correct answer is MIC.

Key Points:

• Methyl isocyanate (MIC), a chemical, spilled out of Union Carbide India Ltd.'s (UCIL) pesticide facility on the evening of December 2, 1984, converting the city of Bhopal into a massive gas chamber.
• India's first significant industrial tragedy.
• Over 600,000 workers and more than 15,000 persons were killed by at least 30 tons of methyl isocyanate gas.
• The Bhopal gas tragedy is regarded as the worst industrial catastrophe ever.

Additional Information:

• The organic chemical molecule known as phosgene has the formula COCl₂.
• It is a poisonous, colorless gas with a musty aroma that, at low quantities, is similar to that of recently cut hay or grass.
• Phosgene is a highly valued and significant industrial building block, particularly for the creation of polyurethane and polycarbonate plastic precursors.
• Phosgene is a highly toxic chemical that was employed as a weapon during World War I and caused 85,000 fatalities.
• It was a thick gas that quickly filled enemy trenches and was a very severe lung irritant.
• It is under the Chemical Weapons Convention's Schedule 3 classification.
• Small amounts also result through the breakdown and combustion of organochlorine chemicals, such chloroform, in addition to its industrial manufacture.

The correct answer is Na₂SO₄.10H₂O.

Key Points

• Glauber's salt
• It is the decahydrate form of sodium sulfate.
• It is also known as mirabilite.
• The chemical formula of Glauber's salt can be written as Na2SO4. 10H2O.
• Glauber's salt is known to be a vitreous mineral with a white or colorless appearance that is formed as an evaporite from brines containing sodium sulfate.

The correct answer is "Increases".

Key Points

• A smaller region would experience more pressure because the pressure is defined as Force/Area, hence a smaller area would be under more pressure.
• Water hoses are a good example of this since they flow slowly when they are not obstructed, but if you put your thumb over the entrance, water will spout outwards.
• This is so that the region over which force is delivered is reduced when you move your thumb over the opening.
• Pressure rises as a result.

The correct answer is 7.3 crores.

Key Points

• As per the Census 2011, the population of Madhya Pradesh is almost 7.3 crores.
• The population of Madhya Pradesh formed 6% of India's total population in 2011.
• The Population Density of Madhya Pradesh is 236 per square km.

Additional Information

• Madhya Pradesh Population Census 2011:
• ​The Literacy Rate of Madhya Pradesh is 69.32%.
• The average Literacy Rate in Madhya Pradesh for the Urban region is 82.85%. males were88.67% literate while the female literacy rate stood at 76.52%.
• The average sex ratio in Madhya Pradesh is 931 females per 1000 males.
• According to the census 2011, 27.63 % of the total population of Madhya Pradesh lived in urban areas and 72.3 % lived in rural areas.
• The average sex ratio of urban areas is 918 females per 1000 males.

The correct answer is 1 March.

Key Points

Note :-

• As of October 2022 and 2023, The Finance Minister of Madhya Pradesh is Jagdish Devda.
• Finance Minister of Madhya Pradesh, Mr. Jayant Mallayya, presented the Budget for Madhya Pradesh for the financial year 2017-18 on March 1, 2017. 
• The GDP of Madhya Pradesh at current prices for 2017-18 is estimated to be Rs. 7,35,246 crore which is 13.9% higher than the revised estimate for 2016-17.
• The Total expenditure for 2017-18 is estimated to be Rs 1,69,954 crore, an 8.5% increase over the revised estimate of 2016-17.
• Revenue surplus for the next financial year is targeted at Rs 4,596 crore or 0.63% of the Gross State Domestic Product (GSDP).
• Allocations to the departments of Urban Administration and Development, School Education and Rural Development increased by 22%, 10% and 7% respectively, over the revised estimates of 2016-17.
• Irrigation: Rs 9,850 crore is proposed to be spent as capital expenses for irrigation schemes.  In addition, Rs 140 crore has been allocated for micro-irrigation.
• Education: 36,000 new teachers are proposed to be recruited; 520 high schools and 240 higher secondary schools are proposed to be upgraded.
• Energy: Rs 4,622 crore is proposed to be spent on the UDAY scheme in 2017-18. In 2016-17, Rs 7,568 crore was provided as assistance to power distribution companies under the UDAY scheme.

The correct answer is Hockey.

Key Points

• Ahmed Sher Khan:
• He was born on 15 December 1914 and died in September 1982.
• He took part in the 1936 Summer Olympics as an Indian field hockey player.
• He played field hockey for the gold-medal-winning Indian team.
• Aslam Sher Khan, who was a member of the Indian hockey squad that won gold in the 1975 World Cup, is also a hockey player.

Additional Information

• Top Football players of India:
• Sunil Chhetri
• Bhaichung Bhutia
• Sandesh Jhingan
• Gurpreet Singh Sandhu
• Jeje Lalpekhlua
• Top Shooting players of India:
• Aishwary Pratap Singh Tomar
• Anish Bhanwala
• Bhavesh Shekhawat
• Saurabh Chaudhary
• Rudrankksh Balashaheb Patil
• Top Archery players of India:
• Limba Ram
• Abhishek Verma
• Dola Banerjee
• Jayant Talukdar
• Deepika Kumari

The correct answer is Sidhi.

Key Points

• Parsili
• The village of Parsili is situated in Madhya Pradesh, India, in the Majhauli tehsil of the Sidhi district.
• It is located 20 kilometres from Majhauli, the tehsildar office for the subdistrict, and 60 km from Sidhi, the district headquarters.
• The village covers a total of 921.97 hectares of land.
• In Parsili, there are 1,329 people in total, 647 of them are men and 682 of whom are women.
• The literacy rate in the Parsili village is 51.92%, with 59.81% of men and 44.43% of women being literate.
• The community of Parsili has roughly 306 homes.

Additional Information

• Sidhi
• One of the tribal districts in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh is Sidhi District.
• The district's administrative centre is located at Sidhi.
• The Rewa Division includes the district.
• It forms the state's northern border.
• Sidhi is renowned for its natural environment, historical significance, and cultural foundations.
• Birbal was born here.

The correct answer is 1985.

Key Points

• Narmada Valley Development Authority:
• Established on 9^th August 1985.
• Created to oversee the progress of the projects being planned in the Narmada Basin.
• Headquarters - Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh.

Additional Information

• Narmada:
• ​It is the Fifth largest river in India.
• It is also the largest west flowing river in India.
• Length - 1312 km.
• Also known as "Lifeline of Madhya Pradesh".

The correct answer is 1975.

Key Points

• Madhya Pradesh Forest Development Corporation  
• On July 24, 1975, the Madhya Pradesh Forest Development Corporation was established.
• The Madhya Pradesh State Forest Development Board's major goal was to replace low-value, subpar forests with high-value, multi-utility species.
• The largest area of forest cover in India is found in Madhya Pradesh.
• It was created in accordance with the National Agriculture Commission's "Man-Made Forest" report.
• The development of the bamboo and sagon industries in Madhya Pradesh is its main objective.

Additional Information

• Important Facts about Madhya Pradesh Forest
• The first Indian state to nationalise all of the forest was Madhya Pradesh.
• The first forest policy was released by the government of Madhya Pradesh in 1952, and a new one was released in 2005.
• According to the 2019 Forest Survey of India report, the amount of forest cover in Madhya Pradesh increased to 77482.49 sq km, or 25.14 percent of the state's total area.
• The Madhya Pradesh Forest Development Authority was founded in 2010.
• The cooperative federation for Madhya Pradesh Minor Forest Produce (Trade and Development) was founded in 1984.

The correct answer is Porsa.

Key Points

• Fair of Nagaji
• In the Madhya Pradesh district of Morena, the Fair of Nagaji is held annually.
• In the village of Posa in the Murena district, the tribal people celebrate it.
• It is celebrated in honour of Saint Nagaji, who lived approximately 400 years ago, under the rule of the Mughal Emperor Akbar.
• Every year, it takes place in the months of November and December.
• Previously, monkeys were sold here, but today other domestic animals are now included.
• Here, domestic animals like dogs, goats, cows, buffalo, and others are available for purchase.

Additional Information

• Nagaji Maharaj
• The 39^th sadguru of this sampradaya was Sri Chaturchintamani Devacharyaji, also known as Nagaji Maharaj.
• In the Braja Bhoomi village of Paigaam, Sri Nagaji Maharaj was born.
• He worshipped Lord Sri Krishna as his friend and treated Him as such.
• Sakhya bhava, or the devotion to God as a friend, is quite widespread among the residents of Braja.
• It was believed that Sri Nagaji Maharaj, a very powerful saint, walked the 84 kos parikrama of Brajadham every day.

The correct answer is Ujjayini.

Key Points

• Chandragupta II
• One of the most powerful emperors of the Gupta dynasty was Chandragupta II, also known by his given name Vikramaditya and Chandragupta Vikramaditya.
• He was the third ruler of the Gupta Empire in India.
• The famous Chandragupta II was the child of Samudragupta and Datta Devi.
• The Gupta empire was extended by Chandragupta II to the western sea coast, a vital area for trade and commerce.
• As a result, Malwa and Ujjain (Ujjayini), the region's capital, enjoyed prosperity.
• The second capital of Chandragupta II was Ujjayini.

Additional Information

• Ujjain (Ujjayini)
• The Indian state of Madhya Pradesh has the city of Ujjain in its Ujjain district.
• It is the administrative hub for both Ujjain District and Ujjain Division, making it the fifth-largest city in Madhya Pradesh by population.
• It is one of Sapta Puri's major Hindu pilgrimage sites and is known for hosting the Kumbh Mela every twelve years.
• Ujjain was once the most important city on the Malwa plateau in central India and is an ancient city located on the eastern bank of the Shipra River.
• In the city's centre is the well-known Mahakaleshwar Jyotirlinga temple.

The correct answer is Basant Pratap Singh.

Key Points

NOTE:-

• Madhya Pradesh Chief Secretary Iqbal Singh Bains, who was set to retire on Wednesday, has been given a six-month extension and will continue in his post till May 31, 2023.
• Basant Pratap Singh has been scheduled as the new Chief Secretary of Madhya Pradesh.
• Basant Pratap Singh will take charge as the 30^th chief secretary of Madhya Pradesh.
• Basant Pratap Singh is an IAS officer of the 1984 batch coming from Madhya Pradesh state.
• Basant Pratap Singh worked as the Chief Secretary of Madhya Pradesh starting in 2016 to 2018.

Additional Information

• Neeru Chadha is an Indian jurist who works as a member of the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea.​
• Sahithi Pingali, a class 12 student of Inventure Academy, is the Bengaluru city girl whose name stimulated the name of a planet in the Milky Way galaxy.
• Raja Jon Vurputoor Chari is an American test pilot and NASA spaceman.

The correct answer is Sahastrabahu Temple.

Key Points

• Sahastrabahu Temple also known as the Sas-Bahu Mandir, Sas-Bahu Temples, Sahasrabahu Temple or Harisadanam temple, is an 11^th-century twin temple in Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India.
• Sas-Bahu Temple is a 10^th-century temple complex that also is devoted to Lord Vishnu.
• Great Kachhwa King Mahapala established this temple.
• The name 'Sas-Bahu' recommends 'Mother-in-law as well as Daughter-in-law' sequentially.

Additional Information

• Jahangiri Mahal is possibly the most noteworthy building inside the Agra Fort of India.
• Rani Roopmati Mahal was built by Baaz Bahadur in memory of his queen Rani Roopmati, located in the Malwa and Nimar region of western Madhya Pradesh, India, at 35 km from Dhar city.
• Madan Mohan Temple is a Hindu temple located at Karauli, in the Indian state of Rajasthan.

The correct answer is Narmada and Sone.

Key Points

• The Narmada, Son, and Johila rivers all rise in Amarkantak in the Madhya Pradesh district of Anuppur.
• On the Amarkantak plateau, a tiny reservoir known as the Narmada Kund serves as the river's source.
• The Sone River travels through Madhya Pradesh state before beginning just east of the Narmada River's headwaters.

Additional Information

• Betwa river:
• ​Betwa river is a tributary of Yamuna.
• It grows in the Vindhya range.
• It is called the "Ganga of Madhya Pradesh".
• It generally flows through the states of Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh.
• Shipra River:
• ​The Shipra, often spelled Kshipra, is a river in central India's Madhya Pradesh state.
• The river begins in the northern part of the Dhar district, travels north across the Malwa Plateau, and merges with the Chambal River in the Mandsaur district, which is where Rajasthan and the MP state line lies.
• One of Hinduism's holiest rivers is this one.

The correct answer is Hoshangabad.

Key Points

• Hoshangabad
• In the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh, Hoshangabad, officially known as Narmadapuram, is a city and municipality.
• Narmadapur, named after the Narmada river, was the previous name of the city.
• Later, the name was changed to Hoshangabad in honour of Hoshang Shah Gori, the first sultan of the Malwa Sultanate.
• It acts as the administrative centre for both the Narmadapuram division and the Hoshangabad district.
• It is situated on the Narmada River's southern bank in the centre of India.

Additional Information

• The distance between Hoshangabad and the nearest airport, Bhopal (the state capital), is 76.7 kilometres.
• After India gained its independence in 1947, the Nerbudda (Narmada) Division of the Central Provinces and Berar, which included the Hoshangabad district, became Madhya Bharat (later Madhya Pradesh).
• The Sethani ghat is one of the city's most well-known and beautiful ghats along the Narmada River's banks.
• On Narmada Jayanti, the city is filled with vibrant festivities.
• In March 2021, the name of the city was again changed to Narmadapuram.

The correct answer is Thakur Ranmat Singh Stadium.

Key Points

• Nehru Stadium
• The Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium in Indore, India, is a multi-sport venue used for cricket, football, Kho Kho, and basketball.
• It has a seating capacity of 25,000 people.
• On March 31, 2001, the Stadium hosted its final ODI game, during which Sachin Tendulkar made ODI cricket history by becoming the first player to score 10,000 runs.
• Holkar Stadium
• The Indian city of Indore is home to the Holkar Cricket Stadium.
• The previous name of the ground was Maharani Usharaje Trust Cricket Ground.
• Around 30,000 people can fit in the seats.
• It is one of the tiniest international cricket grounds in the world.
• Abhay Khel Prashal
• In Indore, Madhya Pradesh, there is an indoor stadium called Abhay Prashal Indoor Stadium.
• The stadium was built on 3.5 acres of land that the Madhya Pradesh government had granted for activities like table tennis, badminton, and other sports.
• Arjun Singh, the former Chief Minister of Madhya Pradesh, opened the stadium in December 1994, which can hold 10,000 people.

Additional Information

• Other stadiums of Madhya Pradesh:
• Roop Singh Stadium
• Tatya Tope Stadium
• Thakur Ranmat Singh Stadium
• Thakur Ranmat Singh Stadium
• The Thakur Ranmat Singh Stadium is situated in the Madhya Pradesh city of Rewa.
• In Madhya Pradesh's Kothi district, in the village of Mankahari, Thakur Ranmat Singh was born.

The correct answer is Karnataka.

Key Points

• Madhya Pradesh
• India's central region includes the state of Madhya Pradesh.
• Madhya Pradesh is frequently referred to as the "heart of India" and the "tiger state."
• The state of Madhya Pradesh was established on November 1^st, 1956.
• By area, it is India's second-largest state.
• Madhya Pradesh is bordered by the states of:
• Uttar Pradesh to the northeast.
• Chhattisgarh to the southeast.
• Maharashtra to the south.
• Gujarat to the west.
• Rajasthan to the northwest.

Additional Information

• Other important facts about Madhya Pradesh
• Madhya Pradesh's capital is Bhopal.
• Currently, Madhya Pradesh is divided into 52 districts.
• Prior to 2000, Madhya Pradesh was India's largest state.
• Panna, the largest diamond mine in India, is located there.
• Goa and Maharashtra to the north, Telangana to the east, Tamil Nadu to the southeast, Kerala to the south, and the Arabian Sea to the west are the states that border Karnataka.

The correct answer is Panchayat and Rural Development Department.

Key Points

• Water and Land Management Institute is a leading autonomous training institute, serving in the field of natural resources management as a member of Panchayat and the Rural Development Department, Govt. of M.P.
• MP Water & Land Management Institute is situated in Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh.
• It was recorded under the M.P. Societies Registration Act 1973, in the year 1985.
• Institute gives consultation on distinct features of the land, water, and agriculture management to the ministry of water resources (MoWR), Pilot assignment.

Additional Information

• The Home Department is in charge of discharging its responsibilities to make sure maintenance of Law and Order, Internal Security, and overall peace within the State.
• The motive of the Department of Mineral Resources is to promote and control the minerals and mining sector for transformation, growth, and development.
• The national Department of Public Works (DPW) develops and enforces laws and regulations for the built environment and the use of fixed benefits in the public sector.

The correct answer is Pt. Kunjilal Dubey.

Key Points

• Pt. Kunjilal Dubey worked as the first speaker of the Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly in 1956, as the Finance Minister of the State in 1967, and was the president of the Inter-University Board of India.
• He was the earliest vice chancellor of Rani Durgavati University and the principal of Nagpur University.
• Kunji Lal Dubey (18 March 1896 – 2 June 1970) was an Indian independence reformer, lawyer, educationist, and legislator from Madhya Pradesh.
• In 1946 and 1952 he was two-times elected as a member of the Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly.

Additional Information

• Kashi Prasad Pandey was an Indian legislator from the state of Madhya Pradesh.
• Ishwardas Rohani has been the Assembly Speaker of the Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly, since 2003.​
• Dr. Sitasaran Sharma is an Indian politician, lawyer, and doctor, he worked as the Speaker of the Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly.

The correct answer is Pattabhi Sitaramayya.

Key Points

• Pattabhi Sitaramayya
• Bhogaraju Pattabhi Sitaramayya was a political figure in the state of Andhra Pradesh and a campaigner for Indian independence.
• He served as Madhya Pradesh's first governor from 1 November 1956 to 13 June 1957.
• In the Tripuri Session of 1939, he challenged Netaji Subash Chandra Bose for the position of president of the Indian National Congress.
• On November 28, 1923, he founded Andhra Bank in Machilipatnam with the financial assistance of Srimantu Raja Yarlagadda Sivarama Prasad Bahadur.
• It is now one of the main commercial banks in India.

Additional Information

The correct answer is ​M. Hidayatullah.

Key Points

• M. Hidayatullah was the earliest Chief Justice of the Madhya Pradesh High Court.
• He worked there for the time of 1956 to 1958.
• In 1958, he was promoted to justice in the Supreme Court of India.
• In his time, he was the youngest judge of the Supreme Court of India.
• In November 1956, he was then scheduled as the Chief Justice of the Madhya Pradesh High Court.

Additional Information

• Dayashankar Naag was promoted and transferred as the Chief Justice of the High Court of Madhya Pradesh and took an oath of office on 14.10. 2021.​
• H.S. Kamath was the earliest Chief Secretary of Madhya Pradesh.
• The Chief Justice of India is the main Judge of the Supreme Court of India and also the highest-ranking officer of the Indian Judiciary.

The correct answer is Keshavdas.

Key Points:

• Keshavdas Mishra was a Sanskrit expert and Hindi poet.
• He was often known by the moniker Keshavdas or Keshavadasa.
• He is well known for his Rasik Priya, a groundbreaking work from the riti kaal (procedural period) of Hindi literature.

Additional Information:

• Padmakar:
• He was an expert writer who wrote on the subjects of bravery, love, and devotion.
• He was a scholar of ritishastra.
• ​​Bhushan:
• ​Indian poet Kavi Bhushan (c. 1613–1715) served in the royal courts of the Maratha ruler Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj and the Bundeli king Chhatrasal.
• He was a Shlesh Alankar and Anupras scholar poet.
• Ghananand:
• ​Ghananand, who lived from 1673 to 1760 AD, was the foremost poet of Ritikal's final three great poems, Ritit, Ritisiddha, and Ritmukat.
• These four poems also go by the moniker "Anandaghan," which is well-known.

The correct answer is Ujjain.

Key Points:

• In Madhya Pradesh, India, in the Tarana tehsil, close to the city of Ujjain, on the banks of the Choti-Kali Sindh river, is the village and archaeological site of Kaytha or Kayatha.
• It is a village with significant archaeological and mythological significance, where several excavations have uncovered cultures that date back more than 4000 years.
• It is also believed to be the birthplace of Varahamihira, an ancient Indian astronomer, and of Chitragupt.
• V. S. Wakankar made the significant archaeological discovery of the Kayatha civilization in 1964.

Additional Information:

• In the Malwa region of central India, several Chalcolithic sites with four occupational periods have been found.
• The "Kayatha culture" type site is located in Kayatha, which is on the right bank of the Choti Kali Sindh river, a tributary of the Chambal river.

दिए गए विकल्पों में से 'तमस' का विलोम शब्द  "आलोक" है।

तमस शब्द का अर्थ - अंधकार अज्ञान।

आलोक शब्द का अर्थ  -  प्रकाश, चमक ज्ञान ।

Key Pointsविलोम शब्द: 

एक-दूसरे के विपरीत या उल्टा अर्थ देने वाले शब्दों को, विलोम शब्द कहते है।

अर्थात् जो शब्द किसी दूसरे शब्द का उल्टा अर्थ बताते हैं, उन्हें विलोम शब्द या विपरीतार्थक शब्द या विरुद्धार्थी शब्द कहते है।

जैसे- हार- जीत, आय- व्यय, आजादी- गुलामी, नवीन- प्राचीन आदि।

Additional Information

'राय' "तद्भव" शब्द है।

राय का तत्सम शब्द राजा होगा। 

Key Points

तद्भव शब्द:

ऐसे शब्द जो संस्कृत भाषा से उत्पन्न होते हैं, लेकिन वो रूप बदलकर हिन्दी में आ गए हों, ऐसे शब्द तद्भव शब्द कहलाते हैं।

जैसे-

• दुग्ध —-> दूध
• अग्नि —-> आग
• कार्य —> काम
• कर्पूर —> कपूर
• हस्त —-> हाथ

Additional Information

दिए गए विकल्पों में से ग्रहण शब्द का अर्थ "राहूकौशल" नही है।

अतः 'ग्रहण' शब्द का अर्थ - अर्थबोध, स्वीकार, पकड़ लेना, सूर्य ग्रहण, चंद्र ग्रहण आदि। 

Key Pointsअनेकार्थी शब्द: 

• हर भाषा में कुछ ऐसे शब्द होते हैं जिनके एक से अधिक अर्थ निकलते हैं। ये अलग-अलग अवसरों में, वाक्यों के साथ मिलकर अलग-अलग अर्थ देते हैं।
• ये शब्द अनेकार्थी शब्द कहलाते हैं।
• जैसे-  ”रहिमन पानी राखिए, बिन पानी सब सून। ”चली चंचला, चंचला के घर से, तभी चंचला चमक पड़ी।”
• इन दोनों वाक्यों में पानी और चंचला का हर बार अलग अर्थ प्रयोग में लिया गया है।

Additional Information

'तुम तुरंत कक्षा में जाकर छात्रों को शांत करो'-आज्ञासूचक वाक्य है।

अतः इस वाक्य में, कक्षा में जाकर छात्रों को शांत करवानें कि आज्ञा दी जा रही है।  

Key Points

आज्ञासूचक वाक्य:

जिस वाक्य से किसी तरह की आज्ञा का बोध हो, उसे आज्ञासूचक वाक्य कहते हैं।

जैसे:

• तुम काम करो।
• तुम लिखो।
• निकल जाओ मेरे कमरे से बाहर ।
• सारा सामान खरीद लाना ।

Additional Information

'मनस्ताप' में "विसर्ग संधि" है।

मनस्ताप' का संधि-विच्छेद मन: + ताप होगा। 

मनस्ताप' का अर्थ - मन का दुःख। 

Key Points

विसर्ग के साथ स्वर या व्यंजन वर्णों का मेल होने पर होने वाले विकार को विसर्ग संधि कहते हैं।

विसर्ग संधि के नियम -

Additional Information

'आज वहाँ जाना ही है'- स्थानबोधक संरचना  वाक्य है।

अतः इस वाक्य में "वहाँ" शब्द के माध्यम से किसी स्थान को सूचित किया गया है। 

इसलिय इस वाक्य की "स्थानबोधक संरचना" है। 

**Key Pointsस्थानबोधक संरचना:**स्थानबोधक संरचना से तात्पर्य उन शब्दों  से होता है जिससे किसी स्थान का बोध होता है ऐसे शब्दों को स्थानबोधक संरचना कहा जाता है।

जैसे-के पास, के किनारे, से दूर।

• स्कूल के पास ही राजू का घर है।
• तालाब के किनारे ही बगीचा है।

Additional Informationविनम्रतासूचक संरचना:

• विनम्रतासूचक संरचनाओं में -विनय अनुनय के भाव निहित रहते हैं। साथ ही किसी कार्य को करने के लिए आग्रह भी किया जाता है।
• ऐसी संरचनाओं के वाक्यों से शिष्टाचार और सभ्यता प्रकट होती है।

उदाहरण: 

बच्चों के अपने माता-पिता के प्रति व्यवहार में, जैसे - " पिता-जी मैं बाहर जा रहा हूँ, आज्ञा दीजिए |

दिशा बोधक संरचना: 

• दिशा बोधक संरचना से तात्पर्य उन शब्दों से होता है, जिनसे किसी दिशा का बोध होता है, ऐसे शब्दों को दिशाबोधक संरचना कहा जाता है।
• जैसे पूर्व, पश्चिम, उत्तर, दक्षिण, ईशान, वायव्य, नैऋत्य, आग्नेय, इधर, उधर, आगे, पीछे, ऊपर, नीचे आदि।

उदाहरण: 

• सूर्य पूर्व से उदय होता है।
• भारत के उत्तर में हिमालय है।
• यह रमेश किस तरफ जा रहा है।

विधिसूचक संरचना:

• विधिसूचक संरचनाओं में 'चाहिए' क्रिया का प्रयोग होता है, क्योंकि 'चाहिए' क्रिया मानव की इच्छा, आकांक्षा, रुचि, सम्भावना इत्यादि का बोध कराती है।
• चाहिए क्रिया स्वयं काल, लिंग, वचन और पुरुष में अपरिवर्तित रहती है।

यह परसर्ग को, पर, से, के लिए, में, इत्यादि के साथ विधि परक संरचनाओं का निर्माण करती है।

उदाहरण :

• अध्यापक को पढाना चाहिए।
• सीता को जाना चाहिए।
• अधिकारों की रक्षा के लिए संघर्ष करना चाहिए।

दिए गए विकल्पों में से 'चतुराई' शब्द में आई  प्रत्यय है। 

• चतुर + आई = चतुराई

अतः ‘चतुराई’ में ‘आई’ प्रत्यय और ‘चतुर’ मूल शब्द है।

Key Points

प्रत्यय:

प्रत्यय = प्रति (साथ में पर बाद में)+ अय (चलनेवाला) शब्द का अर्थ है,पीछे चलना।

जो शब्दांश शब्दों के अंत में विशेषता या परिवर्तन ला देते हैं, वे प्रत्यय कहलाते हैं।

जैसे- दयालु= दया शब्द के अंत में आलु जुड़ने से अर्थ में विशेषता आ गई है। अतः यहाँ ‘आलू’ शब्दांश प्रत्यय है। 

प्रत्यय के दो भेद हैं-

कृत् प्रत्यय:

वे प्रत्यय जो धातु में जोड़े जाते हैं, कृत प्रत्यय कहलाते हैं। कृत् प्रत्यय से बने शब्द कृदंत (कृत्+अंत) शब्द कहलाते हैं।

जैसे- लेख् + अक = लेखक। यहाँ अक कृत् प्रत्यय है, तथा लेखक कृदंत शब्द है।

तद्धित प्रत्यय:

वे प्रत्यय जो धातु को छोड़कर अन्य शब्दों- संज्ञा, सर्वनाम व विशेषण में जुड़ते हैं, तद्धित प्रत्यय कहलाते हैं।

तद्धित प्रत्यय से बने शब्द तद्धितांत शब्द कहलाते हैं।

जैसे- सेठ + आनी = सेठानी। यहाँ आनी तद्धित प्रत्यय हैं तथा सेठानी तद्धितांत शब्द है।

Additional Information

'आमरण' पद में "अव्ययीभाव" समास है।

इसका पूर्वपद ‘आ’ अव्यय है। 

आमरण का समास-विग्रह ' मृत्यु पर्यन्त' अथवा 'मृत्यु तक' है।

Key Pointsअव्ययीभाव समास:  

जिस समास का पहला पद कोई अव्यय (अविकारी शब्द) होता है, उस समास को अव्ययीभाव समास कहते हैं।

जैसे- ‘यथासमय’ समस्तपद ‘यथा’ और ‘समय’ के योग से बना है।

इसका पूर्वपद ‘यथा’ अव्यय है और इसका विग्रह होगा- ‘समय के अनुसार।

Additional Informationद्विगु समास:

जिस सामासिक पद का पहला शब्द (पूर्व पद) संख्यावाचक विशेषण हो, उसे द्विगु समास कहते हैं।

उदाहरण:

• तिरंगा  – तीन रंगों का समूह
• त्रिलोक  – तीनों लोकों का समाहार
• सप्तसिंधु  – सात सिंधुयों का समूह

कर्मधारय समास:

जिस समास में सभी शब्दों का भाव समान रूप से हो, उसे कर्मधारय समास कहते हैं।

इसमें सभी पदों का, चाहे वो विशेषण हो या विशेष्य, सभी की प्रधानता होती है। समान्यतः, इन शब्दों के लिंग और वचन भी समान होते हैं।

उदाहरण:

• परमेश्र्वर – परम है जो ईश्र्वर
• प्राणप्रिय – प्राणों के समान प्रिय
• महादेव – महान है जो देव

द्वंद्व समास:

द्वंद्व समास में कोई पद गौण नहीं होता बल्कि दोनों ही पद प्रधान होते हैं।

समस्तपद बनाते समय दोनों पदों को जोड़ने वाले समुच्चयबोधक अव्ययों-‘और’, ‘तथा’, ‘या’ आदि को हटा दिया जाता है।

तथा विग्रह करते समय इनको पुनः दोनों पदों के बीच जोड़ दिया जाता है; जैसे- राम-श्याम. इसका विग्रह होगा- राम और श्याम।

उदाहरण: 

• दाल-चावल - दाल और चावल
• जल-थल - जल और थल
• नदी-नाले - नदी और नाले
• राधा-कृष्ण - राधा और कृष्ण

जहाँ पर कारण के रहते हुए भी कार्य न हो वहाँ विशेषोक्ति अलंकार होता है।

Key Points

विशेषोक्ति अलंकार के उदाहरण

पानी बिच मीन पियासी। मोहि सुनि-सुनि आवै हाँसी ।

स्पष्टीकरण – उक्त पंक्ति में कारण पानी के होते हुए भी मछली प्यास नहीं बुझती है अर्थात् कार्य नहीं

होता है । इस स्थिती में विशेषोक्ति अलंकार होता है।

Additional Information

उपमा अलंकार:

उपमा का सरल अर्थ होता है तुलना। जब दो वस्तुओं या व्यक्ति की तुलना उनके एक जैसे स्वभाव की वजह से होती है, तो इसे उपमा अलंकार कहते हैं।

जैसे:– पीपर पात सरिस मन डोला

इसमें राजा दशरथ का मन पीपर पात यानी पीपल के पत्ते की तरह डोल रहा है। ऐसे में आप उपमा अलंकार करेंगे।

विशेषोक्ति अलंकार :

कारण के उपस्थित होने पर भी कार्य ना होने की दशा में विशेषोक्ति अलंकार माना जाता है।

जैसे –‘नीर भरे निसिदिन रहें तऊ न प्यास बुझय।’

इस पंक्ति में प्यास बुझाने का कारण नीर उपस्थित है पर प्यास बुझाने का कार्य नहीं हो पा रहा है। अतः यहां विशेषोक्ति अलंकार है।

अतिशयोक्ति अलंकार :

जहाँ किसी विषयवस्तु का उक्ति चमत्कार द्वारा लोकमर्यादा के विरुद्ध बढ़ा-चढ़ाकर वर्णन किया जाता है, वहाँ अतिशयोक्ति अलंकार होता है।

जैसे-

हनुमान की पूँछ में, लगन न पाई आग।

सारी लंका जरि गई, गए निशाचर भाग।”

यहाँ हनुमान की पूंछ में आग लगने के पहले ही सारी लंका का जलना और राक्षसों के भागने का बढ़ा-चढ़ाकर वर्णन होने से अतिशयोक्ति अलंकार है।

'अब-तब होना' मुहावरे का आशय है - मरणासन्न होना। 

• वाक्य प्रयोग - दवा देने से क्या ! वह तो अब-तब हो रहा है।

Key Points

अन्य विकल्प:

• आज-कल करना मुहावरे का अर्थ - टालमटोल करना
• टालमटोल करना मुहावरे का अर्थ – बहाना बनाना।
• अतः यहाँ पर तीनों मुहावरे का अर्थ एकसमान है।

Additional Informationमुहावरे की परिभाषा:

• मुहावरा एक ऐसा वाक्य होता है जो वाक्य की रचना करने पर अपना एक अलग अर्थ या विशेष अर्थ प्रकट करता है।
• इनका प्रयोग करने से भाषा,आकर्षक, प्रभावपूर्ण तथा रोचक बन जाती है।

उदाहरण:

• मुहावरा: आँख का तारा, आँख की पुतली
• अर्थ: बहुत प्यारा
• वाक्य प्रयोग: यह बच्चा मेरी आँखों का तारा है।
• मुहावरा – खून का प्यासा
• अर्थ – जानी दुश्मन होना
• वाक्य प्रयोग – उसकी क्या बात कर रहे हो, वह तो मेरे खून का प्यासा हो गया है।
• मुहावरा: खून ठण्डा होना
• अर्थ: उत्साह से रहित होना या भयभीत होना
• वाक्य प्रयोग: आतंकवादियों को देखकर मेरा तो खून ठण्डा पड़ गया।
• मुहावरा: गढ़ फतह करना
• अर्थ :कठिन काम करना
• वाक्य प्रयोग: आई.पी.एस पास करके दीक्षा ने सचमुच गढ़ फतह कर लिया।
• मुहावरा: गधे को बाप बनाना
• अर्थ: काम निकालने के लिए मूर्ख की खुशामद करना
• वाक्य प्रयोग : कार्तिक गधे को बाप बनाना अच्छी तरह जानता हैं।

Archive' का हिंदी पारिभाषिक शब्द "अभिलेखागार" है। 

Key Pointsअन्य विकल्प:

Additional Informationपारिभाषिक शब्द:

पारिभाषिक शब्द उन्हे कहा जाता है जो सामान्य व्यवहार या बोलचाल की भाषा के शब्द न होकर ज्ञान के विभिन्न क्षेत्रों से जुडे होते हैं ।

जैसे समाजशास्त्र, भौतिकशास्त्र, रसायनशास्त्र,वनस्पति विज्ञान,जीवविज्ञान,दर्शन,मनोविज्ञान,अर्थशास्त्र,राजनितिशास्त्र,तर्कशास्त्र, गणित आदि।

पारिभाषिक शब्दावली: 

हिन्दी व्याकरण परिभाषित शब्दावली प्रशासन से संबंधित अंग्रेजी शब्दों के समकक्ष हिन्दी शब्दों के महत्वपूर्ण शब्दों का समावेश किया गया है 

जैसे - 

• परित्याग - abandon
• अभियोग - accuse
• जमानत - bail
• परिषद - council
• पोषण - nutrition
• अधिशेष -surplus
• अंचल - zone

दिए गए विकल्पों में (गिरि, नग, अद्रि)  उक्त सभी पर्वत' शब्द का पर्यायवाची है। 

पर्वत शब्द के अन्य पर्यायवाची - पहाड़, अचल, भूधर, महीधर, शैल, नगपति, शिखर, तुंग, धरणीधर।

Key Pointsपर्यायवाची शब्द: 

जो शब्द समान अर्थ के कारण किसी दूसरे शब्द की जगह ले लेते हैं उन्हें पर्यायवाची शब्द कहते हैं।

या समान अर्थ प्रदान करने वाले शब्द पर्यायवाची शब्द अथवा समानार्थक शब्द कहलाते हैं।

सामान्य अर्थ में ऐसे शब्द जिनके अर्थ समान हों, पर्यायवाची शब्द कहलाते हैं।

Additional Informationउदाहरण: 

• अतिथि- मेहमान ,पाहुन ,आगंतुक, अभ्यागत।
• इजाजत– स्वीकृति, मंजूरी, अनुमति।
• उत्पत्ति- उद्भव, जन्म, जनन, आविर्भाव ।
• ऐश्वर्य- वैभव संपन्नता धन-संपत्ति श्री महत्ता विभूति बड़प्पन समृद्धि दौलत।
• औषधि- दवा, दवाई, भेषज।
• कर- हाथ, हस्त, बाहु, पाणि, भुज।
• खेल- क्रीड़ा, केलि, तमाशा, करतब।
• गरुड़- खगेश, खगपति, नागांतक, सुपर्ण, वैनतेय।
• घी- हव्य, अमृतसार, क्षीरसार, आज्य।
• चर्म- खाल, चमड़ी, त्वचा, त्वक्।
• जहर- हलाहल, विष, गरल, कालकूट, गर।
• झंडा- पताका, केतु, निसान, ध्वज, केतन, वैजयंती।
• तरुण- युवा,जवान, युवक।

'खंडवा' जिले में बोली जाने वाली प्रमुख बोली निमाड़ी  है।

Key Pointsनिमाड़ी-

निमाड़ क्षेत्र में बोली जाती है।

खंडवा इसका केन्द्र है।

खरगोन, महेश्वर, हरदा, नेपानगर, ओंकारेश्वर आदि स्थानों पर बोली जाती है।

Additional Informationमध्यप्रदेश में बुन्देली, बघेली, निमाड़ी और मालवी मुख्य बोलियाँ है।

बुन्देली- ग्वालियर, डबरा, सागर, बीना, दमोह, दतिया, नौगाँव, नरसिंहपुर, टीकमगढ़, छतरपुर, पन्ना, होशंगाबाद आदि स्थानों पर बोली जाती है।

बघेली- इसका केन्द्र रीवा है। पन्ना, सतना, सीधी और शहडोल आदि जिलों में बोली जाती है।

मालवी-  इन्दौर, देवास, नागदा, रतलाम, बड़नगर, अशोकनगर, राजगढ़, शुजालपुर, गुना, नीमच आदि शहरों के आस-पास बोली जाती है।

मालवी बोली राजस्थानी हिंदी के अंतर्गत आती है। 

Key Pointsराजस्थानी हिंदी:

जार्ज ग्रियर्सन ने राजस्थानी हिंदी (राजस्थानी उपभाषा) को 6 बोलियों में विभाजित किया है-

मारवाड़ी (पश्चिमी राजस्थानी), मेवाती (उत्तर-पूर्वी राजस्थानी), जयपुरी (मध्य-पूर्वी राजस्थानी)

मालवी (दक्षिण-पूर्वी राजस्थानी), नीमाड़ी (दक्षिणी राजस्थानी) तथा अहीरवाटी।

Additional Informationपूर्वी हिंदी:

पूर्वी हिंदी में तीन बोलियाँ- अवधी, बघेली और छत्तीसगढ़ी मानी जाती हैं। जार्ज ग्रियर्सन मूल रूप से इनमें दो ही बोलियों- अवधी और छत्तीसगढ़ी को मानने के पक्ष में थे।

बिहारी हिंदी:

बिहारी हिंदी का विकास मागधी अपभ्रंश से हुआ है। जिसे दो भागों- पूर्वी बिहारी और पश्चिमी बिहारी में विभाजित किया जा सकता है। पूर्वी बिहारी की दो बोलियाँ हैं- मगही और मैथिली। वहीं पश्चिमी बिहारी के अंतर्गत भोजपुरी बोली आती है।

पश्चिमी हिंदी:

पश्चिमी हिंदी की पाँच प्रमुख बोलियाँ है - खड़ी बोली या कौरवी, हरियाणवी या बाँगरू, ब्रज, बुंदेली, और कन्नौजी।

मध्यप्रदेश से प्रकाशित साहित्यिक पत्रिका "रचना"  है।

 Key Pointsरचना पत्रिका:

रचना मानक पत्रिका का प्रकाशन हिन्दी ग्रन्थ अकादमी करती है। 

मध्य प्रदेश हिन्दी ग्रन्थ अकादमी भोपाल में जुलाई 1969 से हिन्दी ग्रंथ अकादमी स्थापित है।

रचना पत्रिका मध्यप्रदेश के भोपाल  से प्रकाशित हुई है। 

Additional Information

अर्गला

अर्गला हिन्दी की एक मासिक पत्रिका है। यह इक्कीसवीं सदी की जनसंवेदना एवं हिन्दी साहित्य की एक जरूरी पत्रिका है।

कथा साहित्य, काव्य पल्लव, गीत माधुर्य, हस्तक्षेप और विमर्श इसके प्रमुख स्थायी स्तम्भ है।

यह पत्रिका जवाहरलाल नेहरु विश्वविद्यालय, नई दिल्ली के झेलम हॉस्टल से नियमित प्रकाशित होती है।

तद्भव: 

तद्भव हिन्दी की एक पत्रिका है। यह पत्रिका हर बार आधुनिक रचनाशीलता पर केन्द्रित एक विशिष्ट संचयन होती है।

तथा विशुद्ध साहित्यिक सामग्रियों को प्रकाशन में महत्त्व देती है।

समकालीन हिन्दी कथा-साहित्य के एक प्रमुख हस्ताक्षर अखिलेश ने इस पत्रिका का प्रकाशन मार्च, 1999 से प्रारंभ किया।

हजारीप्रसाद द्विवेदी की कृति "अनामदास का पोथा"  है। 

Key Pointsअनामदास का पोथा आचार्य हज़ारी प्रसाद द्विवेदी द्वारा लिखित एक उपन्यास है।

इस उपन्यास में उपनिषदों की पृष्ठभूमि में चलती एक बहुत ही मासूम सी प्रेमकथा का वर्णन है।

हज़ारी प्रसाद द्विवेदी:

हज़ारी प्रसाद द्विवेदी हिन्दी निबन्धकार, आलोचक और उपन्यासकार थे।

वे हिंदी, अंग्रेज़ी, संस्कृत और बाङ्ला भाषाओं के विद्वान थे। भक्तिकालीन साहित्य का उन्हें अच्छा ज्ञान था।

सन 1957 में उन्हें पद्म भूषण से सम्मानित किया गया।

हजारी प्रसाद द्विवेदी की अन्य उपन्यासिक कृतियां हैंबाणभट्ट की आत्मकथा, चारूचन्द्र लेख, पुनर्नवा आदि।

Additional Informationतितली:

तितली सामाजिक पृष्ठभूमि पर लिखित जयशंकर प्रसाद का दूसरा उपन्यास है।

इसके केंद्र में गाँव है। इसका प्रकाशन सन् 1934 ई॰ में भारती भंडार, इलाहाबाद से हुआ था।

रतिनाथ की चाची:

रतिनाथ की चाची नागार्जुन का पहला हिंदी उपन्यास है! सर्वप्रथम इसका प्रकाशन 1948 में हुआ था! इसके बाद उनके कुल बारह उपन्यास आए ।

सबमें दलितों बंचितों-शोषितों की कथा है।

रतिनाथ की चाची जैसे चरित्रों से आरंभ हुई यात्रा में बिसेसरी, उगनी, इंदिरा, चंपा, गरीबदास , लक्ष्मणदास, बलचनमा, भोला जैसे चरित्र जुड़ते गए।

उनके उपन्यास में नारी-चरित्रों को मिली प्रमुखता रतिनाथ की चाची की ही कड़ी है।  इसलिए इस कृति का ऐतिहासिक महत्व है।

बिल्लेसुर बहरिहा:

बिल्लेसुर बकरिहा भारत के महान कवि एवं रचनाकार सूर्यकांत त्रिपाठी 'निराला' का एक व्यंग उपन्यास है।

निराला के शब्दों में 'हास्य लिये एक स्केच' कहा गया यह उपन्यास अपनी यथार्थवादी विषयवस्तु और प्रगतिशील जीवनदृष्टि के लिए बहुचर्चित है।

बिल्लेसुर एक गरीब ब्राह्मण है, लेकिन ब्राह्मणों के रूढ़िवाद से पूरी तरह मुक्त।

दिए गए विकल्पों में से "दिन-सुदिन" विलोम शब्द -युग्म नही है।

अतः "दिन" शब्द का विलोम शब्द "रात" होता है।

Key Pointsविलोम शब्द:

एक-दूसरे के विपरीत या उल्टा अर्थ देने वाले शब्दों को, विलोम शब्द कहते है।

अर्थात् जो शब्द किसी दूसरे शब्द का उल्टा अर्थ बताते हैं, उन्हें विलोम शब्द या विपरीतार्थक शब्द या विरुद्धार्थी शब्द कहते है।

जैसे- हार- जीत, आय- व्यय, आजादी- गुलामी, नवीन- प्राचीन आदि।

Additional Information

दिए गए विकल्पों में से शुद्ध वाक्य - संप्रति वह हवलदार है।

Key Pointsअन्य विकल्प: 

• अशुद्ध वाक्य - वह शायद अवश्य आएगा।
• शुद्ध वाक्य - वह अवश्य आएगा।
• अशुद्ध वाक्य - नेताजी मंच पर से बोला।
• शुद्ध वाक्य - नेता जी मंच पर से  बोले।
• अशुद्ध व���क्य -अचानक उसके सीने पर दर्द हुआ।
• शुद्ध वाक्य - उसके सीने में अचानक दर्द हुआ।

Additional Information

शुद्ध और अशुद्ध वाक्य में क्या अंतर:

• हिंदी में वाक्य दो प्रकार के होते हैं: शुद्ध और अशुद्ध। यहां बताया गया है कि अंतर कैसे बताया जाए।
• शुद्ध वाक्यों में एक ही विषय और एक क्रिया होती है। अशुद्ध वाक्यों में एक से अधिक विषय और एक से अधिक क्रिया होती है।
• शुद्ध वाक्य वे हैं जो किसी भी त्रुटि या गलतियों से मुक्त हैं। दूसरी ओर, अशुद्ध वाक्यों में त्रुटियाँ या गलतियाँ हो सकती हैं।
• हिंदी में, कुछ अलग-अलग शब्द हैं जो यह दर्शाते हैं कि कोई वाक्य “शुद्ध” है या “अशुद्ध” है।

दिए गए विकल्पों में से शुद्ध शब्द ज्येष्ठ है 

Key Pointsअन्य विकल्प: 

Additional Informationशुद्ध और अशुद्ध शब्द: 

हर भाषा में वर्तनी को लिखने का एक तरीका होता है और लिखते लिखते हम से कई प्रकार की गलतियां भी होती है।

इनमें से कई त्रुटियाँ तो इतनी प्रचलित हो जाती हैं कि उन्हें ही सही मान लिया जाता है।

सही तरह से लिखा गया शब्द शुद्ध है और वर्तनी में गलती अशुद्ध है।

प्रमुख शुद्ध अशुद्ध शब्द -

दिए गए विकल्पों में से "रोम-रोम" समोच्चरित भिन्नार्थक शब्द-युग्म नहीं है। 

अतः रोम - रोम  पुनरुक्ति शब्द-युग्म है । 

Key Pointsसमोच्चारित भिन्नार्थक शब्द-युग्म:

जो शब्द उच्चारण में लगभग समान प्रतीत होते हैं, परन्तु उनके अर्थ भिन्न होते हैं, उन्हें समोच्चारित भिन्नार्थक शब्द-युग्म भी कहा जाता है।

• वाद - तर्क
• वाद्य - बाजा
• रत - लीन
• रति - कामदेव कि पत्नी, प्रेम
• रेचक - दस्तावर
• रोचक - रुचनेवाला

पुनरुक्ति शब्द युग्म:

जब किसी शब्द क दो बार जोड़े  के रूप में प्रयोग किया जाता है, तो शब्द के ऐसे युग्म को पुनरुक्ति शब्द युग्म कहा जाता है। 

जैसे -

• गाँव-गाँव
• लम्बी-लम्बी
• सहते-सहते
• साफ-साफ
• हँसते-हँसते

Additional Information

युग्म–शब्द:

• प्रत्येक भाषा मेँ कई शब्द ऐसे होते हैँ, जिनके उच्चारण और वर्तनी मेँ बहुत कम भिन्नता होती है।
• परन्तु अर्थ की दृष्टि से वे बिल्कुल भिन्न होते हैँ। ऐसे शब्दोँ को युग्म–शब्द कहते हैँ।
• इस प्रकार के शब्द–युग्मोँ के ज्ञान के अभाव मेँ अर्थ का अनर्थ हो सकता है अतः उच्चारण और लेखन मेँ इनका ज्ञान अनिवार्य है।

Given:

3, 5, 11, 29, 87, 245

Concept Used:

A number series is a grouping of numbers that follow a certain logic or a mathematical formula

Calculations:

Series is

⇒ 3, 5, 11, 29, 87, 245

It follows the rule

⇒ (2^nd number \(-\) 1^st number) \(\times\) 3 \(+\) 2^nd number \(=\) 3^rd number

It follows like

⇒ (5 \(-\) 3) \(\times\) 3 \(+\) 5 = 2 \(\times\) 3 \(+\) 5 = 6 \(+\) 5 = 11

⇒ (11 \(-\) 5) \(\times\) 3 \(+\) 11 = 6 \(\times\) 3 \(+\) 11 = 18 \(+\) 11 = 29

⇒ (29 \(-\) 11) \(\times\) 3 \(+\) 29 = 18 \(\times\) 3 + 29 = 54 \(+\) 29 = 83

Hence, the wrong term in the given series is "87".

Given:

 A number 18265 

Calculation:

The closest number to 18265, which is a perfect square is 18225=135²

And 18265 - 18225 = 40

∴ The least number which must be subtracted from 18265 to make it a perfect square is 40.

Given: 

A cistern regularly fills in 8 hours, but a leak in the bottom of it causes the process to take an additional 2 hours.

Calculation:

The filling time was 8 hours.

10 hours were needed to fill with leaks.

The full tank will be empty in x hours if the leak is left alone.

Assume there are 40 units of work overall (i.e., LCM of 8 and 10)

No-leak tank filling capacity (A) = 40/8 = 5 units per hour

Leakage tank filling capacity (A + x) = 40/10 = 4 units/hr

Hence, x = -1 unit.

The leakage is indicated by the Minus symbol.

∴ It will take 40 hours to completely leak out a full tank (40 units).