MP Forest Guard Previous Year Paper (Held on: 28th July 2017 Shift 2)

The correct answer is 'His mother scolded him for breaking her favorite vase.'

Key Points

• Firstly, the subject "His mother" is singular.
• We need a singular helping verb "has" with a singular subject.
• "Has/Have" is always followed by V3 form of the verb (here, scolded).
• So, options 2, 3 and 4 will be ruled out.
• Option 1, "His mother scolded him for breaking her favorite vase" is correct as the sentence follows the correct structure of a Simple Past Tense.
• Structure: Subject + V2 + Object
• So, the correct answer is Option 1*.*

Correct sentence: His mother scolded him for breaking her favorite vase.

The correct answer is 'She has been working in an organization since 2005.'

Key Points 

• Firstly, the subject "She" is singular, so we need a singular helping verb "has" with it.
• ​So, options 3 and 4 can be ruled out.
• According to the options, the given sentence is written in the Present Perfect Continuous Tense.
• Structure: Subject + Has/Have + been + V1 + ing+ Object
• Example: She has been waiting for me.
• The preposition ‘for’ is used to denote a specific amount of time in which someone or something was performing an action.
• ​Example: Neethu will be here for a few hours.
• ​The word ‘since’, on the other hand, refers to a particular point of time from when the action started/began in the past to the present.
• It indicates that the action is continuing.
• Example: Raj has been living in London since 2003.
• So, the correct answer is Option 1*.*

Correct sentence: She has been working in an organization since 2005.

The correct answer is 'Missile.'

Key Points 

• The correctly spelled word among the words is 'Missile.'
• The meaning of the word  'Missile​' is a powerful exploding weapon that can be sent long distances through the air. ("Missile" का अर्थ है एक शक्तिशाली विस्फोटक हथियार जिसे हवा के माध्यम से लंबी दूरी तक भेजा जा सकता है)
• Example: Missile attacks on the capital resumed at dawn.
• Therefore, the correct answer is Option 3.​

Additional Information

• Let us see the correct spellings of the other given options:
• Manageable: not too big or too difficult to deal with. (इतना बड़ा या कठिन नहीं कि सँभाला न जा सके, नियंत्रण या संचालन योग्‍य)
• Maintenance: keeping something in good condition. (रख-रखाव)
• Millennium: a period of 1000 years. (एक हजार वर्ष की अवधि; सहस्‍त्राब्‍दी)

The correct answer is 'Russberry.'

Key Points

• The incorrectly spelled word among the words is 'Russberry.'
• The correct spelling is 'Raspberry.'
• The meaning of the word 'Raspberry' is a small, soft, red fruit which grows on bushes. ("Raspberry" का अर्थ है झाड़ियों पर उगनेवाला छोटा, नरम, लाल फल; मकोप, रसभरी (का फल))
• Example: The boy turned and blew a raspberry at the teacher before running off.
• Therefore, the correct answer is Option 3.​

Additional Information 

• Let us see the meanings of the other given options:
• Putrefy: (of a body or other organic matter) decay or rot and produce a fetid smell. ((एक शरीर या अन्य कार्बनिक पदार्थ का) सड़ना और एक बदबूदार गंध पैदा करना)
• Refrigerator: a piece of kitchen equipment that uses electricity to preserve food at a cold temperature.
• Pistachio: the small green nut of an Asian tree. (पिस्‍ता)

The correct answer is 'between​.'

Key Points 

• Let us look at the usage of the given options:
• "Among" is used when talking about people or things that are not distinct and are viewed as a group.
• Example: There wasn't much unity among the council members.
• Into: We use "into" to talk about the movement of something, usually with a verb that expresses movement (e.g. go, come, straight).
• It shows where something is or was going.
• Example: Helen came into the room.
• ​Along: As a preposition, "along" means 'in a line next to something long and thin', e.g. a road, a path.
• Example: There were lots of shops along the main street.
• "Between" means in or into the space that separates two places, people, or objects.
• Example: The town lies halfway between Rome and Florence.
• The given sentence talks about the difference in the quality of items.
• So, the most appropriate answer is Option 4.

Correct sentence: Is there any significant difference in quality between these two items?

The correct answer is 'above​.'

Key Points

• Let us look at the usage of the given options:
• Into: We use "into" to talk about the movement of something, usually with a verb that expresses movement (e.g. go, come, straight).
• It shows where something is or was going.
• Example: Helen came into the room.
• Above: in or to a higher position than something else.
• Example: The helicopter was hovering above the building.
• "Among" is used when talking about people or things that are not distinct and are viewed as a group.
• Example: There wasn't much unity among the council members.
• "Besides" can be used either as a preposition meaning “in addition.”
• Example: I dislike fishing; besides, I don't even own a boat.
• The given sentence says that she screamed as the waters rose over her head.
• So, the most appropriate answer is Option 2.

Correct sentence: The waves came up above her head and she started screaming.

The correct answer is 'a.'

Key Points  

• The only articles in English are ‘the’ and ‘a/an’.
• Use the article "a or an" to indicate any non-specified member of a group or category.
• If a word begins with a vowel sound, then the correct article is 'an'; otherwise, if it begins with a consonantal sound, the correct article is 'a'.
• The definite article 'the' is used before a noun to indicate that the identity of the noun is known to the reader. 
• Example: 
• We are looking for an apartment.
• I own a cat and two dogs.
• I love to visit the building.
• Here, we are talking about the non-specific "significant increase" and it starts with a consonant sound.
• So we must use "a" in the blank.
• Hence, the correct answer is Option 4.

​

​Correct sentence: There has been a significant increase in the number of women students in recent years.

The correct answer is 'the.'

Key Points 

• We use a superlative to say that a thing or person is the most of a group.
• When we use a superlative adjective ('the tallest student') in a sentence, we generally use 'the' before it.
• 'Least' is the superlative degree of the adjective "Less" and "the" is appropriate for the given blank.
• Hence, option 2 is the correct answer. 

​

​Correct sentence: This group is the least likely of the four to win.

The correct answer is 'Because.'

Key Points 

• Let us see the meanings of given conjunctions:
• "Either" is used in negative sentences instead of "also" or "too".
• Example: I don't eat meat and my husband doesn't either.
• "Because" is used when we are focusing on the reason. 
• Example: She spoke quietly because she didn’t want Catherine to hear.
• "And" is a coordinating conjunction. We use "and" to connect two words, phrases, clauses, or prefixes together, and it is used to join two words of the same rank or same qualities.
• Example: He is bold and handsome.
• "Or" is used to connect different possibilities.
• Example: You can pay now or when you come back to pick up the paint.
• In the given sentence, we are focusing on the reason why they couldn't go to Julia's party.
• Therefore, the correct answer is Option 2.​

Correct sentence: We can't go to Julia's party because we're going away that weekend.

The correct answer is 'unless.'

Key Points

• Let us see the meanings of the given options:
• Unless: We use the conjunction "unless" to mean ‘except if.'
• Example: They won’t come unless you invite them.**​​
• "If" clauses are used to talk about a condition – something which must happen first so that something else can happen.
• Example: She will not know what her problem is if she does not consult a doctor.
• "While" means whereas (indicating a contrast).
• Example: One person wants out, while the other wants the relationship to continue.​
• Although: It means ‘in spite of something.’ 
• It is a subordinating conjunction.
• This means that the clause which they introduce is a subordinate clause, which needs a main clause to make it complete.
• When the although clause comes after the main clause, it can also mean ‘but it is also true that …’
• Example: We didn’t make any profit although nobody knows why.
• The sentence says that except if one puts in one's best efforts, he/she cannot succeed.
• Therefore, the correct answer is Option 1.​

Correct sentence: One cannot succeed unless one puts in one's best.

The correct answer is '​can.'

Key Points

• Let us see the usage of the given modal verbs:​ 
• Can: We use "can" to talk about the ability to do something at a specific time in the present or future.
• Example: I can see you.
• ​Ought to have: We use "ought to have" when talking about things which are desired or ideal.
• Example: They ought to have more parks in the city centre.
• ​Could have: **"Could have" is used to talk about something that was or wasn't possible in the past.
• Example: You could have bought the cheaper jacket, it looked great on you.
• Must have: We use "must have" in the same way as the present perfect - the action we are describing happened, or did not happen, in the past and is still true in the present.
• Example: She must have left the house by now; it's nearly 11 o'clock.
• ​​The sentence talks about the ability of the subject "smoking" to cause cancer.
• Therefore, the correct answer is Option 1.

Correct sentence: Smoking can cause cancer.

The correct answer is- 'Brewery​.'

Key Points

• Let us see the meanings of the words:
• Menagerie: a collection of wild animals kept in captivity for exhibition. (प्रदर्शनी के लिए कैद में रखे गए जंगली जानवरों का संग्रह)
• Bakery: a place where bread, cakes, etc. are baked to be sold. (नानबाई की दुकान; बेकरी)
• Brewery: a place where beer is made. (बियर तैयार करने की फ़ैक्‍टरी)
• Salon: a shop where you can have beauty or hair treatment or where you can buy expensive clothes. (सौंदर्य प्रसाधन या केशचर्या या महँगे कपड़े बेचने की दुकान; सैलून)
• Therefore, a factory for manufacturing beer is called a 'Brewery​.'
• Option 3 is correct in this context.

The correct answer is- 'Philanthropist​.'

Key Points

• Let us see the meanings of the words:
• Miser: a person who loves to have a lot of money but hates to spend it. (कंजूस, कृपण)
• Rebel: a person who fights against his/her country’s government because he/she wants things a change. (राजद्रोही; सत्ता-विरोधी व्‍यक्ति (परिवर्तन की इच्‍छा से राज्‍य-शासन से संघर्ष करने वाला व्‍यक्ति))
• Philanthropist: a person who loves mankind; a person who seeks to promote the welfare of others, especially by the generous donation of money to good causes. (एक व्यक्ति जो मानव जाति से प्यार करता है; परोपकारी व्‍यक्ति, लोकोपकारक)
• Traitor: a person who is not loyal to his/her country, friends, etc. (देश, मित्र आदि से ग़द्दारी करने वाला; देशद्रोही, मित्रद्रोही, ग़द्दार)
• Therefore, a person who loves mankind is called a 'Philanthropist​.'
• Option 3 is correct in this context.

The erroneous part is '(b)'.

Key Points

• The given sentence is grammatically incorrect.
• Here, 'more intelligent than' should be used instead of 'more intelligent then'.
• The conjunction 'than' means 'used when you are comparing two things (दो वस्‍तुओं की तुलना के लिए प्रयुक्त से, की अपेक्षा)'.
• Example: He’s taller than me.
• Whereas, the word 'then' means '(at) that time'. (उस समय, तब)
• Example: I spoke to him on Wednesday, but I haven’t seen him since then.
• In the given sentence the intelligence of 'Sunita' is being compared with that of 'her elder sister'. Hence, 'than' should be used.
• Thus, the correct answer is Option 2.

Correct Sentence: Sunita is more intelligent than her elder sister.

The erroneous part is '(c)'.

Key Points

• The given sentence is grammatically incorrect.
• Here, 'are we' should be used instead of 'aren't we'.
• A positive statement is followed by a negative question tag.
• Example: Mary can speak English, can't she?
• A negative statement is followed by a positive question tag.
• Example: They aren't funny, are they?
• The given statement is negative. So, it should be followed by a positive question tag.
• Thus, the correct answer is Option 4.

Correct Sentence: None of us are playing the game with those boys, are we?

The correct answer is 'something that is impossible or extremely difficult to find'.

Key Points

• The most appropriate meaning of the given idiom 'looking for a needle in a haystack' is 'something that is impossible or extremely difficult to find'.
• Looking for a needle in a haystack: something that is impossible or extremely difficult to find, especially because the area you have to search is too large. (कुछ ऐसा जिसे ढूंढना बेहद कठिन हो, विशेष रूप से क्योंकि आपको जिस क्षेत्र को खोजना है वह बहुत बड़ा है)
• Example: It was like looking for a needle in a haystack.

Correct Answer: something that is impossible or extremely difficult to find.

The correct answer is 'by whatever means possible, fair or unfair'.

Key Points

• The most appropriate meaning of the given idiom 'by hook or by crook' is 'by whatever means possible, fair or unfair'.
• By hook or by crook: by any possible means. (किसी भी संभव माध्यम से)
• Example: They will have the fuel by hook or by crook.

Correct Answer: by whatever means possible, fair or unfair.

The correct answer is 'fertile'.

Key Points

• The most appropriate antonym for 'barren' is 'fertile'.
• Barren: (used about land or soil) not good enough for plants to grow on. [(भूमि या मिट्टी) पौधों वृद्धि के लिए अनुपयुक्त, ऊसर, बंजर]
• Example: He also wants to use the water to irrigate barren desert land.
• Fertile: (used about land or soil) that plants grow well in. [(ज़मीन या मिट्टी) उपजाऊ]
• Example: The rich and well-drained soil there provides particularly fertile land.

​Correct Answer: fertile.

Additional Information

• Let's look at the meaning of other words:
• unproductive: not producing or able to produce large amounts of goods, crops, or other commodities. (बड़ी मात्रा में माल, फसलों, या अन्य वस्तुओं का उत्पादन या उत्पादन करने में सक्षम नहीं)
• sandy: covered with or full of sand. [रेतीला; बलुआ (रेत या बालू से ढका या भरा हुआ)]
• futile: (used about an action) having no success; useless. [(कार्रवाई) असफल; व्‍यर्थ]

The correct answer is 'stingy'.

Key Points

• The most appropriate antonym for 'generous' is 'stingy'.
• Generous: happy to give more money, help, etc. than is usual or expected. (असामान्‍य या अप्रत्‍याशित रूप से धन, सहायता आदि देने में प्रसन्‍नता अनुभव करने वाला; उदार)
• Example: It was very generous of your parents to lend us all that money.
• Stingy: not generous, unwilling to give, especially money. (कंजूस)
• Example: Don’t be stingy with friends.

Correct Answer: stingy.

Additional Information

• Let's look at the meaning of other words:
• virtuous: behaving in a morally good way. (सदाचारी, सद्‌गुणी, गुणवान)
• kind: a group whose members all have the same qualities. (समान गुणों वाले व्यक्तियों का समूह; वर्ग)
• selfless: thinking more about other people’s needs or wishes than your own. (निःस्‍वार्थ)

The correct answer is 'reliable'.

Key Points

• The most appropriate synonym for 'trustworthy' is 'reliable'.
• Trustworthy: that you can depend on to be good, sincere, honest, etc. (विश्‍वास-योग्‍य, विश्‍वसनीय, भरोसेमंद)
• Example: You become more honest, more trustworthy, wiser, and more loving.
• Reliable: that you can trust. (विश्‍वसनीय, भरोसेमंद)
• Example: Japanese cars are usually very reliable.

Correct Answer: reliable.

Additional Information

• Let's look at the meaning of other words words:
• immediate: happening or done without delay. (तुरंत होने या किया जाने वाला, तत्‍काल संपन्‍न; अविलंब)
• immoral: (used about people or their behaviour) considered wrong or not honest by most people. (लोग या उनका आचरण जिसे अधिकतर लोग ग़लत या अविश्‍वसनीय मानते हैं; अनैतिक)
• fraud: (an act of) cheating somebody in order to get money, etc. illegally. (ग़ैर-क़ानूनी ढंग से धन आदि ठगने की क्रिया; धोखाधड़ी)

The correct answer is Bends towards the normal.

Key Points 

• A ray of light bends towards the normal when it travels from a rarer to a denser medium.
• As the refractive index of water is less than that of olive oil, the light ray bends towards the normal.
• The property of bending of light rays after traveling from one medium to another is called refraction of light.

Additional Information

• When a light ray travels from a denser to a rarer medium, it bends away from the normal.
• The formation of the rainbow and the twinkling of stars are examples of refraction phenomena.
• Translucent objects refract most of the light rays.
• In refraction, redirection of a wave happens when a wave passes from one medium to another.
• When light bounces off an object, it is called refraction.

The correct answer is The sawdust, together with the air trapped within it, acts as a heat insulator and prevents the heat outside from getting to the ice and melting it.

Key Points 

• The waste materials produced during woodworking processes are known as sawdust or wood dust.
• Sawdust is a bad conductor of heat.
• Heat is insulated by the air that fills the tiny pores of sawdust.
• Sawdust is used to pack ice because it prevents ice from melting.
• The ice doesn't melt because this air blocks heat from the outside from reaching it.

Additional Information

• The ice has a very low temperature and the surrounding environment of the package is at a higher temperature.
• Thus heat can flow from the environment into the ice and as a result, it can melt.
• The ice was prevented from melting by air trapped between the sawdust particles.

The correct answer is Less than 7.

Key Points

• The stomach also released hydrochloric acid having a pH of less than 7 generating an acidic environment.
• The pH of the gastric juices in the stomach is in the range of 2-5 which is a bit acidic in nature.
• The usual volume of the stomach fluid is 20 to 100 mL and the pH is acidic (1.5 to 3.5).
• Gastric juice is also called by the name gastric acid because of the acidic nature of this digestive juice as it contains HCL, which is a strong acid.

Additional Information

• ​pH is a measure of the acidic or basic nature of water.
• The pH scale range from 0 - 14, with 7 being neutral.
• pHs of less than 7 show acidity, whereas a pH of greater than 7 shows a base.
• pH is actually a measure of the relative amount of free hydrogen and hydroxyl ions in the water.

The correct answer is S2- > Cl- > K+ > Ca2+

Key Points

• The Ionic radius is the distance between the nucleus of an ion and the outermost shell of the ion.
• Trends in Ionic Radius :
• In a periodic table, the ionic radius of elements increases down a group.
• Li+ < Na+ <K+
• The cation with the greater positive charge will have a smaller radius because of the greater attraction of the electrons to the nucleus.
• The Anion with the greater negative charge will have a larger radius.
• Although S2- > Cl- > K+ > Ca2+ have the same number of electrons, their radii would be different because of their different nuclear charges.

Additional Information

The correct answer is Virus.

Key Points

• Smallpox is an acute contagious disease which is caused by the variola virus.
• It causes pus-filled blisters to develop all over your body.
• It gets transmitted through the droplets released from coughing, sneezing, and face-to-face contact with an infected person.
• Smallpox can be prevented by vaccinating with the smallpox vaccine.
• The first effective vaccine was discovered by Edward Jenner in 1796.

Additional Information

• Bacteria: Some of the diseases caused by bacteria are tuberculosis, pneumonia, typhoid, tetanus, etc
• Mosquito: Mosquitoes cause Malaria.
• Housefly: Some of the diseases caused by bacteria are typhoid fever, dysentery, cholera, tuberculosis, etc.
• To commemorate the 40^th anniversary of the eradication of smallpox, the World Health Organization and the United Nations Postal Agency released a commemorative stamp on May 9, 2020.
• A new study recently published by an international group of researchers suggested that smallpox existed as early as the 8^th century CE during the Viking era.

The correct answer is 12 to 20

Key Points

• A person's respiratory rate is the number of breaths taken per minute.
• The normal range of breathing rate per minute in an average adult, for a person at rest, is 12-20 breaths per minute.
• Any person having a breathing rate under 12 or over 25 is considered to be breathing abnormally.

Additional Information

• Breathing is the process of moving air into and from the lungs to facilitate gas exchange with the internal environment.
• We need to breathe to send oxygen into the cells in our body, which constantly need a new supply so they can produce new energy.

The correct answer is Similar and Dissimilar atoms.

Key Points

• A covalent bond is formed by the sharing of atoms. electrons in equal proportion from both the atoms that are involved in the bond formation.
• It is basically about the involvement of the electrons and they are known as Bounding electrons or shared electrons.
• A covalent bond is also known as a molecular bond which involves the bonding of electrons between two similar or dissimilar atoms.
• Covalently bonded compounds do not have free electrons, so they do **not conduct electric current.**​

Additional Information

• In Similar atoms, the bond between two Hydrogen atoms forms a Hydrogen molecule**.**
• Similar molecules are possible for atoms to bond together in identical proportions to form different molecules. Such molecules are called isomers.
• In dissimilar atoms, One Oxygen atom joins with two Hydrogen atoms to form a Water molecule.

The correct answer is Mineral + Organic matter + Air + Water.

Key Points

• The four basic components of soil are minerals, organic matter, water, and air.
• Normal soil contains around 45% mineral content, 5% organic matter, 20-30% water, and 20-30% air.
• These percentages are, at best, broad strokes.
• In actuality, the soil is extremely complex and dynamic.
• The soil's composition can change on a daily basis, depending on a variety of factors such as water supply, agricultural practices, and/or soil type.

Additional Information

• A mineral is an inorganic element or compound found in nature that has a distinct chemical makeup, crystal structure, and physical properties.
• Common minerals include feldspar, mica, quartz, amphibole, olivine, and calcite.
• The word "organic matter" refers to the major source of carbon-based compounds.
• It is composed of organic components that were formerly found in plants, animals, and other living things.

The correct answer is There are big industries and the atmosphere is polluted with SO₂ 

Key Points 

• Acid rain is a result of a chemical reaction that develops in a localized area where the concentration of the oxides of nitrogen and sulfur is high level.
• An area where there are factories will consist of an accumulation of sulfur dioxide in the air.
• These oxides retaliate with water and precipitate in the put up of the acid rain.
• Acid rain can have harmful effects on plants, aquatic animals, and infrastructure.

Additional Information 

• Acid rain is rain or any other form of precipitation that is unusually acidic, meaning that it has inflated levels of hydrogen ions.
• Most water, consisting of drinking water, has a neutral pH that exists between 6.5 and 8.5, but acid rain has a pH level lower than this and ranges from 4–5 on average.
• The more acidic the acid rain is, the lower its pH is.

The correct answer is Copper.

Key Points

• Copper is one of the good conductor of electricity.
• Copper is used for electrical wiring due to the reason that it is a good conductor of electricity.
• The free electrons in metals can pass through the metal, by allowing metals to conduct electricity.
• Copper being more ductile, it is commonly used in making thin wires.

Additional Information

• Silver is the best conductor of electricity however copper is used instead of silver for making wires.
• Silver is difficult to bend, and it is very expensive.
• Plastic is a non-conducting material. Widely used to insulate electric wiring.
• Gold is also another commonly used metal in wires and cables. It's generally coated around other metal strands.
• Because it's an expensive metal to use as the sole conductor.

The correct answer is Air, water, glass.

Key Points

• Glass is optically denser than water.
• Refractive indices of materials in ascending order are Air, Water, and Glass.
• The Refractive index is the ratio of the speed of mild in a vacuum to its velocity in a specific medium.
• Air has the bottom refractive index. Diamond has the best refractive index.
• A medium is more uncommon when the speed of light increments when the light goes through that medium.
• The speed of light in air is more than the speed of light in the glass, and that implies air is optically more uncommon than glass.

Additional Information

• Glass is denser than water due to the fact the rate of mildew in glass is much less than that of water.
• The refractive index of air, water, diamond, and crown glass is 1.0003,1.33,2.42, and 1.52 respectively.
• Water has the most noteworthy optical thickness on the grounds that the speed of light is less in water contrasted with the speed of light in vacuum, air, and glass.

The correct answer is Roughness.

Key Points 

• Friction is occurred because of the irregularities in the middle of two surfaces in contact.
• More the irregularities, the larger the roughness and the friction in the middle of the two surfaces.
• Because of that, the frictional force is more in the middle of rough surfaces.
• The frictional force itself is directed inversely to the motion of the object.

Additional Information

• Frictional force mentions to the force created by two surfaces that contact and slide as opposed to each other.
• A few factors affecting the frictional force: These forces are commonly affected by the surface quality and the amount of force impelling them together.
• An example of frictional force is applying brakes to control a moving vehicle.

The correct answer is Changes into vapour form directly.

Key Points

• Sublimation
• Sublimation refers to the transition or transformation of substances from one state to another, such as from a solid to a gas, which is referred to as a "passage."
• At a temperature and pressure below the substance's triple point, this is an endothermic phase transition.
• The point at which a substance's temperature and pressure reach levels that allow it to exist simultaneously in all three states of matter are known as the triple point.

Additional Information

• Latent heat of sublimation
• The amount of heat a substance uses to change its phase from solid to vapor or heat it uses to change its phase from vapor to solid is called the latent heat of sublimation.
• The sum of its latent heat of melting and its latent heat of vaporization is the latent heat of sublimation.
• The specific latent heat is nearly constant between 40 °C and 0 °C for sublimation and deposition from and into ice.

The correct answer is Extracellular.

Key Points

• Digestion within a digestive tract is extracellular**.**
• Digestion within the digestive tract is a type of extracellular digestion where the food gets split down into smaller absorbable components chemically, and this kind of digestion takes place outside the cell.
• The organs that form the digestive tract are the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine - also known as the colon - rectum, and anus.
• The digestive tract is also called as alimentary canal.

Additional Information

• Digestion is the complex procedure of turning the food human eat into nutrients, which the body utilizes for energy, growth, and cell repair needed to survive.
• The digestion procedure as well involves generating waste to be eliminated.​

The correct answer is A liquid that conducts electricity.

Key Points:

• A material that separates into ions in solution and gains the ability to conduct electricity is known as an electrolyte.
• Electrolytes also referred to as lytes, include substances including sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium, and phosphate.
• It is a liquid that conducts electricity as a result.

Additional Information:

• In physics and chemistry, an electrolyte is a substance that conducts electrical current as a result of splitting into positively and negatively charged ions, which typically move toward and discharge at the cathode and anode of an electric circuit, respectively.
• Acids, bases, and salts, which ionize when dissolved in such solvents as water or alcohol, are the most well-known electrolytes.
• When melted in the absence of any solvent, many salts, including sodium chloride, behave as electrolytes; some salts, like silver iodide, are electrolytes even in the solid state.

The correct answer is Reduces.

Key Points

• Including detergent in water reduces its surface anxiety.
• Detergents and soaps have something called surface-active retailers, or surfactants for short.
• Those surfactants reduce the surface tension price of water and beautify its capability to paste to matters.

Additional Information

• A slow change or process happens in small stages over a long period of time, instead of suddenly.
• Compounds that lower water's surface tension is referred to as surfactants, which work by using keeping apart the water molecules from each other.
• ​The surface anxiety of water is multiplied by including commonplace salt in it.

The correct answer is Frequency.

Key Points

• The pitch of a sound depends on the frequency while the loudness of a sound be based on the amplitude of sound waves.
• Frequency is the number of waves that pass a fixed point in unit time, as well the number of cycles or vibrations undergone in one unit of time by a body in periodic motion.
• Pitch is the feature of sound by which an acute note could be distinguished from a grave or a flat note.
• A note of higher frequency is at a higher pitch so a note of lower frequency.

Additional Information

• The amplitude of a sound wave is the count of the height of the wave.
• The amplitude of a sound wave could be explained as the loudness or the amount of maximum displacement of vibrating particles of the medium from their mean position when the sound is produced.
• The quality of sound is that feature that enables us to differentiate one sound from another having the same pitch and loudness.​

The correct answer is Feet are broader.

Key Points:

• Camels' large feet make it easy for them to move around in the desert.
• The camel's pressure on the ground is lessened by their wide feet, which distribute the weight of their bodies across a wider area of the ground.
• As is well known, the relationship between area and pressure is inverse.

Additional Information:

• Camels are not significantly slower than horses nor significantly faster than horses.
• Their average speed differences are just about 10 to 15 miles per hour.
• However, if camels are trained for racing, their speed can be increased.
• Camels often move more slowly than horses due to the basic form of their bodies.
• They are also slower because they are carrying big loads of water on their backs.
• Horses can run at a maximum speed of 35 mph, compared to a camel's 20 mph.
• This demonstrates that horses run 20% faster than camels.
• They are hence quicker than camels.

The correct answer is Gastroenteritis.

Key Points

• Gastroenteritis is inflammation of the stomach and intestines.
• Typically, stomach flu spreads through contact with an infected person, tainted food, or polluted water.
• Diarrhea, cramps, nausea, vomiting, and low-grade fever are frequent symptoms.
• Avoiding contaminated food and water and washing hands can often help prevent infection.
• The cornerstones of treatment are rest and rehydration.

Additional Information

• Flu:
• It is a typical viral infection that can be fatal, particularly in high-risk individuals.
• The lungs, nose, and throat are affected by the flu.
• High-risk groups include young children, elderly individuals, pregnant women, persons with chronic illnesses, and those with weakened immune systems.
• Malaria:
• A parasite is an illness that causes malaria.
• Through mosquito bites carrying the parasite, people become infected.
• Malaria typically causes severe illness, including a high fever and chills that cause trembling.
• While the disease is infrequent in temperate areas, malaria is still common in tropical and subtropical countries.

The correct answer is Loamy.

Key Points

• A soil type that is loamy and composed primarily of clay, silt, and sand.
• Loam soil typically contains an equal mixture of all three soil types.
• The ideal soil texture for plant growth is produced by this mixture of soil types.

Additional Information

• Sandy Soil:
• It is the combination of the smallest or finest bits of eroding rock.
• They have very little nutritional value and poor water-holding ability, this soil is regarded as the worst form of soil for agriculture and growing plants.
• Clay Soil:
• It is a kind of soil that mostly consists of clay particles with relatively little humus or silt.
• This dirt can't hold air because it is so tightly packed.
• It is ideal for growing vegetables like broccoli, Brussels sprouts, and cabbage.

The correct answer is Orchha.

Key Points

• Jahangir Mahal is situated at Orchha, Madhya Pradesh.
• Jahangir Mahal was built by  Vir Singh Deo in the 17^th century.
• This is three-storied structure is situated in the Fort complex of the Tikamgarh District.
• It was built as a symbol of the warm reception of the Mughal Emperor Jahangir, during his first visit to the city.
• It is also known as the "Citadel of Jahangir".

Additional Information

• The magnificent Palace is a tourist destination for its grace and finest piece of architecture during the Bundela Dynasty.
• The palace is built in an Indo-Islamic architectural style, which consists of several courtyards, balconies, rooms and domes.
• The entrance is elaborate with the wall designed with turquoise tiles.
• The best time of the year to visit the palace is between the months of October and March as the temperature becomes pleasant.

The correct answer is Afghan.

Key Points

• Bhopal State in central India was established by Dost Mohammad Khan (ca. 1657–1728).
• Bhopal, today's capital of the Madhya Pradesh state, was founded by him.
• In 1703, Dost Mohammad Khan enlisted in the Mughal Army in Delhi.
• He quickly advanced through the ranks and was given the province of Malwa in central India.

Additional Information

• Khan began offering mercenary services to many local chieftains in the politically unstable Malwa region after the death of the emperor Aurangzeb.
• He signed a lease for the Berasia estate in 1709.
• He dispatched his Pashtun kinsmen to Malwa to assemble a band of devoted allies.

The correct answer is Cricket.

Key Points

• Chandu sarwate from Madhya Pradesh was associated with cricket.
• Chandu sarwate was born in Sagar (mp).
• He was an all-rounder who played nine test matches for India between 1946 and 1951 without much success his test batting average was only 13.00, and his test bowling average was 124.66.
• His full name is chandrasekhar trimbak sarwate.
• He was born on July 22, 1920.

Additional Information

• Top hockey players of India:
• Dhyan Chand
• Balbir Singh Sr.
• Dhanraj Pillay
• Udham Singh
• Ajit Pal Singh
• Top Shooting players of India:
• Rudrankksh BAlashaheb Patil
• Aishwary Pratap Singh Tomar
• Anish Bhanwala
• Bhavesh Shekhawat
• Saurabh Chaudhary
• Top Football players of India:
• Sunil Chhetri
• Sandesh Jhingan
• Gurpreet Singh Sandhu
• Jeje Lalpekhlua
• Bhaichung Bhutia

The correct answer is 2000.

Key Points

• On November 1, 2000, Chhatisgarh, India's 26^th State, was separated from Madhya Pradesh.
• The Raipur Congress branch first called for a separate Chhattisgarh state in 1924, and the issue was later presented at the Tripuri annual meeting of the Indian Congress.
• The assets and liabilities of the corporation, which is now operating in both states, will be split between Chhattisgarh and Madhya Pradesh in accordance with the Madhya Pradesh Reorganization Act 2000.

Additional Information

• Madhya Pradesh -
• ​Foundation Day: 1 November 1956
• Governor: Shri Mangubhai Patel.
• Chief Minister: Shivraj Singh Chouhan
• Area rank: 2^nd
• Chhatisgarh -
• Foundation Day: 1 November 2000
• Governor: Biswabhusan Harichandan
• Chief Minister: Bhupesh Baghel
• Area rank: 9^th

The correct answer is 2014.

Key Points

• On October 15, 2014, 12,76,425 students in Madhya Pradesh came together to wash their hands simultaneously.
• This has now been recognised by The Guinness Book of World Records.
• The record was attempted at various programmes held at 13,196 different locations across 51 districts in Madhya Pradesh.
• Along with government primary and middle schools, Anganwadi childcare centres also participated in the event to create awareness about hygiene.
• The event was conceptualised as part of the Swachh Bharat Mission.

Additional Information

• Global Handwashing Day :
• celebrated on - 15^th  October.
• Theme of 2022 - Unite for Universal Hand Hygiene.

The correct answer is Bhopal.

Key Points

• Dr. M. N. Buch
• Numerous people credit Mahesh Neelkanth Buch, an Indian urban planner and civil official, as the creator of modern Bhopal.
• Mahesh N. Buch was born in Sahiwal, Punjab before partition, on October 5, 1934.
• He enlisted in the Madhya Pradesh cadre of the Indian Administrative Service in 1957.
• In 1984, Buch, then the Principal Secretary of the State Government, voluntarily left the government service.
• He then created the NGO, the National Centre for Human Settlements and Environment, in Bhopal, and served as its Chairman.

Additional Information

• He also worked as the Parvin Fellow at Princeton University's Woodrow Wilson School in 1967–1968.
• He received the Doctor of Science (DSc) degree from Rajiv Gandhi Technical University in 2002.
• In his professional life, he held a number of significant positions, including principal secretary in Madhya Pradesh.
• In honor of his services to the country, the Indian government presented him with the third-highest civilian honour, the Padma Bhushan, in 2011.

The correct answer is Bhamavad.

Key Points

• Fair of Tejaji
• On the occasion of Teja Dasmi (Bhadrapada Shukla Dashmi), Fair of Tejaji are organized in towns with Tejaji temples in a number of cities in Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, and Haryana.
• This fair is organized to mark the birth of Tejaji.
• Rituals are created to treat snake bites during Tejaji's fairs.
• The fair is hosted at Madhya Pradesh's Bhamavad village, in the Guna district.
• A platform with a statue of Tejaji mounted on his horse is located in the village of Bhamavad in the Guna district.

Additional Information

• Tejaji
• Tejaji is worshipped by people all over the state of Rajasthan and is regarded as a folk deity.
• He is honoured as a folk hero in Rajasthan, who gave his life to protect his family's honour.
• A fair known as Mela Tejaji is held annually at Parbatsar, a small village in Rajasthan's District Nagaur.
• Veer Tejaji is well-known in Rajasthani culture, as evidenced by the Indian Postal Department's issuing of a special stamp in his honour on September 7, 2011.

The correct answer is Both of the above.

Key Points

• Panchmarhi
• In the central Indian state of Madhya Pradesh, the hill station of Pachmarhi is located in the Narmadapuram district.
• The Hindi terms Panch ("five") and Marhi ("caves") are thought to be the origin of the name Pachmarhi.
• The five Pandava brothers of the Mahabharatha era are said to have constructed these caves during their thirteen years of exile.
• It is commonly referred to as Satpura ki Rani ("Queen of Satpura") and is located at a height of 1067 m in a valley of the Satpura Range in the Narmadapuram district.
• Pandav Caves, Rajat Pratap, Bee fall, Dhupgarh are most famous place found at Pachmarhi.
• It belongs to the Satpura Biosphere Reserve.

Additional Information

• Pandav Caves
• The Pandav Caves are a very popular tourist destination near Pachmarhi.
• Around six room-shaped caves made of solid rock have been cut out of a hill feature that is 150 to 200 feet high.
• According to local tradition and tales, these are the caverns where the Pandavas spent time during their exile.
• Rajat Pratap
• The Rajat Prapat is situated in the Hoshangabad district of the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh at Pachmarhi.
• It is India's thirty-first-highest waterfall.
• It is a horsetail-shaped waterfall with a single 107-meter drop (351 ft).

The correct answer is World Bank.

Key Points

• India on 17 March 2016 signed a loan contract of 35 Million dollars with the World Bank for the Madhya Pradesh Citizen Access to Responsive Services Project.
• The Government of India, the Government of Madhya Pradesh and the World Bank  signed a US$ 35 million credit contract for the Citizen Access to Responsive Services Project to refine the approach to selected public services for the people of Madhya Pradesh (MP), mainly those who connected with disadvantaged groups.
• In an effort to refine service delivery, in 2010 the Government of Madhya Pradesh adopted the Public Services Guarantee Act (PSGA).
• Under the PSGA, services are issued by Lok Seva Kendras, which permit citizens to apply for multiple government services at a “one-stop shop”.

Additional Information

• The Asian Development Bank is a regional development bank started on 19 December 1966.
• The New Development Bank (NDB), generally mentioned to as the BRICS Development Bank, is a multilateral development bank started by the BRICS states.​
• The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is an important financial agency of the United Nations, and an international financial institution, head office base in Washington, D.C., consisting of 190 countries.
• The World Bank is a global financial institution that gives loans and grants to the governments of low- and middle-income countries for the aim of pursuing capital projects$.

The correct answer is Both of the above.

Key Points

• Ashwagandha and bel are medicinal plants available in Madhya Pradesh.
• Ashwagandha holds chemicals that might help relax the brain, decrease swelling, lower blood pressure, and alter the immune system.
• Since ashwagandha is generally used as an adaptogen, it is utilized for many conditions related to stress.
• Bel is used for constipation, diarrhoea, diabetes, and other conditions, but there is no good scientific proof to support these uses.

Additional Information

• Aloe Vera and Cymbopogon medicinal plants are also available in Madhya Pradesh.​

The correct answer is Dewas.

Key Points

• Sayaji Gate
• The Marathas constructed the Sayaji Dwar (Gate), a famous landmark in Dewas, in the 18^th century.
• It is one of the city's most well-known entrances, along with the Pathan Kuan Gate, Shukrawala Gate, and Nahar Darwaza.
• Although the Sayaji Gate's origins are unknown, rulers used to construct these gates to designate the entrance to a city or a fort.
• The gates thus featured exotic geography, luxuriant plantations, armour, and even stone buildings.
• A glorified golden statue of the former king Tukojirao Pawar was placed at the Sayaji Gate in 2018 as a mark of respect for the city's founders.

Additional Information

• Dewas
• During the British Raj, the Puar Maratha tribe constructed and ruled Dewas, an 18^th-century city perched on the northern fringes of Indore.
• Dewas was included in the state of Madhya Bharat, which was created in 1950 when India gained independence.
• Despite being named after the Devi Vaishini hill, the name of the city comes from the phrases Dev and Vas, which mean "God's home."
• Dewas has developed into an industrial area that is well-known for both its sites of worship and for the government bank note pass.

The correct answer is B.P. Dubey.

Key Points

• Director General of Police of Madhya Pradesh
• The Director General of Police is in charge of the Madhya Pradesh Police.
• The first Director General of the Police of Madhya Pradesh was B.P. Dubey.
• On April 15, 1981, Bhagwati Prasad Dubey was appointed as Inspector General of the Madhya Pradesh Police.
• In Madhya Pradesh, the position of Director General of Police was created in 1981 to replace the Inspector General of Police.
• The current Director General of the Police of Madhya Pradesh is Sudhir Kumar Saxena (IPS officer).

Additional Information

• Director General of Police
• The highest senior police officer in each of India's states and union territories holds the title of Director General of Police (DGP).
• It normally involves commanding the state's or UT's police force.
• The DGP is a three-star level official who is chosen by the cabinet.
• DGP-ranking officers wear gorget patches on their collars, similar to ADGs and IGs, and have a dark blue background and an oak leaf pattern stitched on them.

The correct answer is Dhar.

Key Points

• Paramara Dynasty
• Between the ninth and fourteenth centuries, the Paramara dynasty ruled Malwa and the neighbouring regions in west-central India.
• They belonged to the Rajput Parmara clan.
• The dynasty began in the ninth or tenth century, and its first kings most probably ruled as the vassals of the Rashtrakutas of Manyakheta.
• The Parmaras founded their independent empire when the Pratihara Kingdom was destroyed.
• The Parmars ruled from their capital at Dhar (close to Indore).

Additional Information

• Dhar 
• In the Malwa region of the Madhya Pradesh state of India, the city of Dhar is situated in the Dhar district.
• The Dhar district's capital city serves as its administrative hub.
• It served as the capital of the Dhar princely state before India gained its independence from Great Britain.
• Dhar was governed by the British as a result of the Third Anglo-Maratha War in 1818.

The correct answer is Yasodharman.

Key Points

• Yasodharman defeated the Hunas in 528 AD.
• Early in the sixth century, Yashodharman was the king of Malwa in central India.
• He most likely belonged to the Second Aulikara dynasty.
• According to the Mandsaur pillar inscription, he ruled over a sizable portion of the Indian subcontinent between 530 and 540 AD.
• India was attacked by the Hunas toward the end of the 5^th century.
• In 528 AD, Yashodharman and possibly the Gupta emperor Narasimhagupta expelled the Hunas from India by defeating their army and their leader Mihirakula.

Additional Information

• Hunas
• A group of Central Asian tribes that crossed the Khyber Pass into the Indian subcontinent towards the close of the fifth or beginning of the sixth century were known as Hunas or Huna by the ancient Indians.
• The Huna Kingdom severely weakened the Gupta Empire by occupying regions as far south as Eran and Kausambi.
• A coalition of Indian princes, led by the Gupta emperor Narasimhagupta and including the Indian king Yasodharman, ultimately vanquished the Hunas.
• The first wave of Hunas to enter the Indian Subcontinent is widely considered the Kidarites, who conquered Bactria in the second half of the fourth century.

The correct answer is Dhar.

Key Points

• Paramara King Bhojadeva transfer his capital from Ujjain to Dhar.
• The 11^th-century Paramara king Bhoja ruled from his capital at Dhar in Madhya Pradesh, India.
• King Bhojadeva was an Indian king from the Paramara dynasty.
• His kingdom was centered around the Malwa region in central India, where his capital Dhara-nagara was situated.
• Bhoja goes to war with almost all his neighbors in an attempt to extend his kingdom, with varying degrees of success.

Additional Information

• Vidisha was made its capital by Pushyamitra, the king of the Sunga reign.
• Indore became the capital of the Indore royal state of the Maratha Holkars, and it was the headquarters of the British Central India Agency and the summer capital of Madhya Bharat (1948–56) state before its incorporation into Madhya Pradesh.
• At the time of the Mughal invasion in Malwa, an important area of the territory comprising the Bhopal state was under the possession of the Gond Kingdom.

The correct answer is 23 July 1906, Bhabara.

Key Points

• Tehsil of Alirajpur district, Bhabara is the birthplace of the popular revolutionary Shri Chandra Shekhar Azad.
• Chandra Shekhar Azad born on 23 July 1906, Bhabara.
• Chandra Shekhar Azad was an Indian revolutionary who rearranged the Hindustan Republican Association.
• In 1928, together with Bhagat Singh and other revolutionaries he privately rearranged the Hindustan Republican Association (HRA), renaming it the Hindustan Socialist Republican Association (HSRA) on 8—9 September.

Additional Information

• Chandra Shekhar Azad famous for his organizational skills, Azad played an important role in reorganizing the HRA as the Hindustan Socialist Republican Association later most of the HRA's members had been killed or imprisoned.
• His offenses had made him a wanted man, but Azad was able to evade the police and their informants for many years.

The correct answer is Ujjain.

Key Points

• Vikram University
• In the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh, Ujjain, Vikram University is located.
• The university bears the name of king Vikramaditya.
• It was founded on 1 March 1957.
• The National Assessment and Accreditation Council gave it a B++ grade after evaluating it.
• On October 23, 1956, the then-Indian Home Minister Shri Govind Vallabh Pant laid the foundation for Vikram University.
• On August 16, 1957, the Madhya Pradesh Gazette released the Vikram University Amendment Act No. 13, 1957.

Additional Information

• Ujjain
• The Indian state of Madhya Pradesh has the city of Ujjain in its Ujjain district.
• It is the administrative center for both Ujjain District and Ujjain Division.
• It is the fifth-largest city by population in Madhya Pradesh.
• One of Sapta Puri's Hindu pilgrimage sites, it is well-known for hosting the Kumbh Mela every twelve years.
• Under Prime Minister Narendra Modi's signature Smart Cities Mission, Ujjain has been chosen as one of the 100 Indian cities to be transformed into smart cities.

The correct answer is Warriors.

 Key Points

• Bhil is a tribe, very active in Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Maharashtra, and Rajasthan.
• The people of the Bhil tribe are often very adept in the bow.
• The Bhil community is divided into 2 castes, **one is Kshatriya Bhil and the other is Nappy Bhil.**​

Additional Information

• In ancient times, the people of the Bhil tribe spread from **Egypt to Lanka.**​
• The Bhil tribe people speak the Bhil language.
• Bhil tribe is called the brave bowman of India.

The correct answer is Indore.

Key Points

• Indore has been determined the cleanest city of India for the sixth year in a row, while Madhya Pradesh is the cleanest state in the country.
• Recently, the President presented Indore as the cleanest city for the sixth successive year as part of the Azadi@75 Swachh Survekshan 2022, hosted as part of the Swachh Bharat Mission- Urban 2.0.
• Indore has held the title of being India's cleanest city for six successive years.
• On October 1, 2022, President Draupadi Murmu awarded Madhya Pradesh as the cleanest state in the category of states with more than 100 cities.

Additional Information

• Indore, the largest city in Madhya Pradesh and central India's business and education centre, has set a history of winning the trophy of the cleanest city in India every year since 2017.
• Swachh Survekshan 2017 was a large sanitation survey over 500 cities in India.
• ​Jabalpur ranks 21 according to the recent Swachh Bharat rankings.
• Out of 6000, Bhopal achieved 4783.53 points securing the seventh rank in the cleanest city category.
• In inspiration for its neatness and sanitation, Gwalior has emerged as the third cleanest city in the Top City on Twitter Ranking for the year 2021-2022.

The correct answer is Three lakh.

Key Points:

• For a Municipal Corporation with a minimum population of 3 lakh, a Municipal Council with a minimum town population of 50,000, and a Nagar Panchayat with a minimum town population of 20,000.
• The proviso to Article 243Q, which prohibits the formation of a municipality in an industrial township "under certain conditions"  needs to be examined because it goes against the decentralization principle.

Additional Information

• India's existing system of municipal governance dates back to 1664.
• The first municipality on the Indian subcontinent was founded by the Dutch in Fort Kochi in 1664; however, it was dissolved in the 18^th century when Dutch power waned.
• Madras Municipal Corporation was established by the British in 1687, and Calcutta and Bombay Municipal Corporation were established in 1726.
• Nearly all Indian cities had some type of municipal government in place around the beginning of the nineteenth century.
• The resolution of local self-government was passed in 1882 by Lord Ripon.
• He launched India's democratic municipal governance systems.

सही उत्तर है - "चिंतामणि"

• चिंतामणि(भाग-1) सन् 1939 में प्रकाशित आचार्य रामचंद्र शुक्ल द्वारा रचित हिन्दी का निबंधात्मक(समालोचना) ग्रंथ है।
• चिन्तामणि के प्रमुख निबन्ध हैं - भाव या मनोविकार, उत्साह, श्रद्धा और भक्ति, करुणा, लज्जा और ग्लानि, घृणा, ईर्ष्या, भय, क्रोध, कविता क्या है, काव्य में लोक मंगल की साधनावस्था।
• इस पुस्तक के चार भाग हैं।
• पुस्तक का दूसरा भाग सन् 1945 ई. में विश्वनाथ प्रसाद मिश्र के संपादन में प्रकाशित हुआ था।
• चिंतामणि का तीसरा भाग नामवर सिंह के संपादन में सन् 1983 में प्रकाशित हुआ था।
• चौथा भाग सन् 2002 में कुसुम चतुर्वेदी एवं ओमप्रकाश सिंह के संपादन में प्रकाशित हुआ जिसमें 47 निबंध हैं।

Key Pointsअन्य विकल्पों का विश्लेषण -

Additional Informationआचार्य रामचंद्र शुक्ल -

• आचार्य रामचन्द्र शुक्ल हिन्दी आलोचक, कहानीकार, निबन्धकार, साहित्येतिहासकार, कोशकार, अनुवादक, कथाकार और कवि थे।
• उनके द्वारा लिखी गई सर्वाधिक महत्त्वपूर्ण पुस्तक है हिन्दी साहित्य का इतिहास, जिसके द्वारा आज भी काल निर्धारण एवं पाठ्यक्रम निर्माण में सहायता ली जाती है।
• हिन्दी में पाठ आधारित वैज्ञानिक आलोचना का सूत्रपात भी उन्हीं के द्वारा हुआ।

सही उत्तर है - "अन्योक्ति अलंकार"

• 'फूलों के आस-पास रहते हैं, फिर भी काँटे उदास रहते हैं।'
• पंक्ति में ‘फूल’ सुख-सुविधा या प्रेमिका का प्रतीक है, ‘काँटे’ दुखी प्राणियों के प्रतीक हैं।
• अतः यहाँ फूल और काँटों के माध्यम से सुखी और दुखी प्राणियों को संबोधित किया गया है, इसलिए यह अन्योक्ति अलंकार का उदाहरण है।

Key Pointsअन्योक्ति अलंकार -

• जहाँ किसी उक्ति के माध्यम से किसी अन्य को कोई बात कही जाए, वहाँ अन्योक्ति अलंकार होता है।

उदाहरण -

• "जिन दिन देखे वे कुसुम, गई सु बीति बहार। अब, अलि रही गुलाब में, अपत कॅटीली डार।।"
• यहाँ गुलाब के सूखने के माध्यम से आश्रयदाता के उजड़ने की व्यथा कही गई है।

Additional Information

सहोक्ति अलंकार - जहां कई बातों का एक साथ होना सरल रीति से कहा जाता है। इसमें सह, समेत, साथ, संग आदि शब्दों के द्वारा एक शब्द दो पक्षों में लगता है।

जैसे-

• जस, प्रताप, वीरता, बड़ाई। नाक, पिनाकहिं संग सीधाई।।
• यहाँ नाक और धनुष दोनों को एक ही क्रिया सीधाई का उपयोग किया गया है।

अतिश्योक्ति अलंकार -

• जब किसी व्यक्ति या वस्तु का वर्णन बढ़ा चढ़ा किए जाए तो उसे अतिश्योक्ति अलंकार कहते है।

उदाहरण -

• "धनुष उठाया ज्यों ही उसने, और चढ़ाया उस पर बाण, धरा–सिन्धु नभ काँपे सहसा, विकल हुए जीवों के प्राण।"
• पंक्ति में अर्जुन के सामर्थ्य का बड़ा चढ़ा कर वर्णन किया गया है, इसलिए इसमें अतिश्योक्ति अलंकार है।

उपमा अलंकार -

• किसी प्रस्तुत वस्तु की उसके किसी विशेष गुण, क्रिया, स्वभाव आदि की समानता के आधार पर अन्य अप्रस्तुत से तुलना की जाए तो वहां उपमा अलंकार होता हैं।

उदाहरण -

• 'पीपर पात सरिस मन डोला।'
• पीपल के पते की तुलना मन से की गयी है, अर्थात मन को पत्ते की उपमा दी गयी है।

सही विकल्प है - कर्मधारय।

• 'कृष्णसर्प' पद में कर्मधारय समास है।

Key Points 

• 'कृष्णसर्प' का समास विग्रह 'कृष्ण है जो सर्प।' होगा।
• यहाँ सर्प विशेष्य है और कृष्ण विशेषण है।
• जिस समास में प्रथम पद विशेषण या उपमान होता है तथा द्वितीय पद विशेष्य या उपमेय होता है, अर्थात विशेषण–विशेष्य तथा उपमान-उपमेय का सम्बन्ध रहता है उसे कर्मधारय समास कहते हैं।

​ Additional Information

• समास - दो या दो से अधिक शब्द से बने हुए नए शब्द को समास कहा जाता है।
• समास के 6 भेद होते है-

सही विकल्प है:- प्रतिलिपिक।

• 'Copyist' का हिंदी पारिभाषिक शब्द प्रतिलिपिक है।

Key Points पारिभाषिक शब्द:- जो सामान्य व्यवहार की भाषा के शब्द न होकर भौतिकी, रसायन, प्राणिविज्ञान, दर्शन, गणित, इंजीनियरी, विधि, वाणिज्य, अर्थशास्त्र, मनोविज्ञान, भूगोल आदि ज्ञान-विज्ञान के विभिन्न क्षेत्रों के विशिष्ट शब्द होते हैं और जिनकी अर्थ सीमा सुनिश्चित और परिभाषित होती है।

प्रतिलिपिक:-

• वह जो प्रतिलेख लिखता है, प्रतिलेखक ,अनुलिपिक।

अन्य विकल्पों का विश्लेषण:-

• स्वत्वाधिकारी - copyright
• ​अनुरेखक - TRACER
• जननायक - Collector

सही विकल्प है - विद्यापीठ

• 'गुरु' शब्द का अर्थ विद्यापीठ नहीं है।

Key Points ​

• गुरु एक अनेकार्थी शब्द है।

गुरु शब्द के अर्थ :-

• पूज्य पुरुष।
• शिक्षक।
• बुजुर्ग, कठिन।

Additional Information अनेकार्थी शब्द:-  जिन शब्दों के एक से अधिक अर्थ होते हैं, उन्हें 'अनेकार्थी शब्द' कहते है। 

• चीर - रेखा, वस्त्र, चीरना
• दल - पत्ता, समूह, सेना, पक्ष
• तीर- बाण, किनारा, तट
• अरुण - लाल, सूर्य, सूर्य का सारथी, प्रभात का सूर्य
• कुंभ - घड़ा, एक राशि, हाथी का मस्तक

सही विकल्प है - निमाड़ी

• 'खरगोन' जिले में बोली जाने वाली प्रमुख बोली "निमाड़ी" है

Key Points

• निमाड़ी, मध्य प्रदेश के निमाड़ क्षेत्र की बोली है।
• यह क्षेत्र मालवा के दक्षिण में से सटा समीवर्ती क्षेत्र है।
• निमाड़ी बोलने वाले जिले हैं - बड़वानी, खंडवा, पूर्वी निमाड़, पश्चिमी निमाड़, धार एवम हरदा जिले के कुछ भाग।

Additional Information अन्य विकल्पों का विश्लेषण:-

1. बघेली - बघेली भाषा क्षेत्र को बघेलखंड के नाम से जाना जाता है।
2. बुंदेली - बुंदेली भारत के एक विशेष क्षेत्र बुन्देलखण्ड(उत्तरप्रदेश,मध्यप्रदेश) में बोली जाती है।
3. मालवी - मालवी भारत के मालवा क्षेत्र (मध्यप्रदेश) की भाषा है।

सही उत्तर है - "स्थानबोधक संरचना"

• "वहीं जाओ जहाँ इतनी देर लगाईं"- वाक्य में वहीं और जहाँ शब्द स्थान विशेष को इंगित करते है।
• इसलिए ये स्थानबोधक संरचना वाला वाक्य है।

Mistake Points

• "वहीं जाओ जहाँ इतनी देर लगाईं"- वाक्य में वहीं और जहाँ शब्द दिशा का भी बोध कराते प्रतीत होते है
• चूँकि यहाँ एक निश्चित दिशा का पता नही चल रहा है।
• इलिए इस वाक्य संरचना को स्थानबोधक मानना ही उचित होगा।

Additional Information

हिंदी भाषा में अर्थ के आधार पर वाक्य के कुल 8 प्रकार पाए जाते हैं -

सही विकल्प है - तद्भव

• 'बच्चा' तद्भव शब्द है जिसका तत्सम रूप बालक है।

Key Points

Additional Information तत्सम और तद्भव शब्दों के अन्य उदाहरण -

सही विकल्प है - उक्त सभी ।

• पृथ्वी का पर्यायवाची - भू, धरणी, वसुंधरा, अचला, धरा, जमीन, इडा,रत्नगर्भा, मही, वसुधा, धरित्री, क्षिति, उर्वी, भूमि, धरती।

Key Points  

पर्यायवाची :- जो शब्द समान अर्थ के कारण किसी दूसरे शब्द की जगह ले लेते हैं उन्हें पर्यायवाची शब्द कहते हैं।

• भू, इडा, उर्वी तीनो पृथ्वी के पर्यायवाची शब्द है।

Additional Information 

सही विकल्प है - 'औनी'

• 'आँखमिचौनी' शब्द में औनी प्रत्यय है।

Key Points 

• प्रत्यय :- वे शब्द हैं जो दूसरे शब्दों के अन्त में जुड़कर, अपनी प्रकृति के अनुसार, शब्द के अर्थ में परिवर्तन कर देते हैं।
• आँखमिचौनी = आँखमिच् + औनी  (यहा औनी प्रत्यय आँखमिच्  शब्द के साथ मिलकर आँखमिचौनी शब्द का निर्माण करता है।)​

अन्य विकल्प अनुचित है।

Additional Information 

सही विकल्प है - अनुमोदन।

• विरोध का विलोम शब्द अनुमोदन है।

Key Points 

• जब कोई एक शब्द किसी दूसरे शब्द का उल्टा या विपरीत अर्थ व्यक्त करे तो उसे विलोम शब्द कहा जाता है।

अन्य विकल्प -​

• अनुरोध - प्रतिरोध
• सबाध - निर्बाध
• सादर - निरादर

Additional Information 

 अन्य उदाहरण -:

सही उत्तर है - 'विसर्ग संधि'

• 'निश्छल' का संधि विच्छेद ‘नि∶ + चल’ है। यह विसर्ग संधि का उदाहरण है।

विसर्ग संधि-

• यदि विसर्ग के बाद च, छ या श हो तो विसर्ग का श् हो जाता है।
• यदि विसर्ग के बाद च, छ और श, हो तो विसर्ग का श्, ट,ठ और ष हो तो ष् और त, थ,स हो तो विसर्ग का स् हो जाता है।

Key Points

विकल्पों का स्पष्टीकरण -

Additional Information

• दो शब्दों के मेल से जो विकार (परिवर्तन) होता है उसे संधि कहते हैं।
• संधि के तीन प्रकार हैं - 1. स्वर, 2. व्यंजन और 3. विसर्ग

सही विकल्प है - आज्ञासूचक।

• 'तुम गाँव में जाकर सरपंच से बात करो" वाक्य में आदेश का भाव है, इसलिए यह आज्ञासूचक वाक्य का उदाहरण है।
• जिन वाक्यों में किसी प्रकार के आदेश, प्रार्थना, उपदेश आदि का भाव प्रकट होता है, उन्हें आज्ञासूचक या आज्ञावाचक वाक्य कहते है।

आज्ञा वाचक वाक्यों के अन्य उदहारण -

• शोर मत करो।
• सब अपने जगह पर बैठ जाइए।

Key Pointsहिंदी भाषा में अर्थ के आधार पर वाक्य के कुल 8 प्रकार पाए जाते हैं

Additional Information

रचना के आधार पर वाक्य के भेद -

1.सरल या साधारण वाक्य - इन वाक्यों में एक ही विधेय और एक ही क्रिया होती है। जैसे-

• मैंने खाना खा लिया।
• राहुल जयपुर जा रहा है।

2.सयुंक्त वाक्य - ये दो सरल वाक्यों के सयोंजन से बनते है। जैसे -

• अच्छा काम करो और अच्छा फल पाओ
• नेकी कर और दरिया में डाल

3.मिश्र वाक्य - जिनमे एक मुख्य वाक्य और एक या अधिक आश्रित वाक्य हो। जैसे -

• "यह वही भारत देश है जिसे पहले सोने की चिड़िया कहा जाता था" वाक्य में यह वही भारत देश है’ यह उपवाक्य प्रधान है एवं ‘जिसे पहले सोने की चिड़िया कहा जाता था’ यह आश्रित उपवाक्य है।

सही विकल्प है - बहुत विलाप करना।

• 'आठ-आठ आँसू रोना' मुहावरे का अर्थ है - बहुत विलाप करना।
• वाक्य प्रयोग:- जब माँ की याद आती है तो वह आठ-आठ आँसू रोता है।

Key Points

मुहावरे :- ‘ऐसे वाक्यांश जो सामान्य से भिन्न अर्थ धारण करते हैं।

जैसे - 

• वाक्य - 'अब पछताए होत क्या जब चिड़िया चुग गई खेत।'
• अर्थ - अवसर बीत जाने पर व्यर्थ पछताना।
• वाक्य में प्रयोग - साथियो के चक्कर मे पढाई कुछ की नही और जब राम पेपर देने के लिए गया तो पछताने लगा ‌‌‌सच है अब पछताए होत क्या जब चिडिया चुग गई खेत।

चिड़िया को खेत चुगने देना,अवसर को व्यर्थ न जाने देना,चिड़िया को खेत न चुगने देना,।

Additional Information

कुछ अन्य उदाहरण -

सही विकल्प है - 'पूर्वी हिंदी के अंतर्गत'

• अवधी बोली पूर्वी हिंदी के अंतर्गत आती है
• यह उत्तर प्रदेश के "अवध क्षेत्र" में बोली जाती है।
• 'अवध' शब्द की व्युत्पत्ति "अयोध्या" से है।

Key Points

हिंदी के दो उपरूप माने जाते हैं - पश्चिमी हिंदी और पूर्वी हिंदी।

पश्चिमी हिंदी -

• पश्चिमी हिन्दी का विकास शौरसेनी अपभ्रंश से हुआ है।
• इसके अंतर्गत पाँच बोलियाँ हैं - खड़ी बोली, हरियाणवी, ब्रजभाषा, कन्नौजी और बुंदेली।

पूर्वी हिंदी -

• अवधी अर्धमागधी प्राकृत की परंपरा में है।
• पूर्वी हिंदी की तीन शाखाएँ हैं - अवधी, बघेली और छत्तीसगढ़ी।

Additional Informationराजस्थानी हिंदी -

• राजस्थानी आधुनिक भारतीय आर्य भाषाओं में से एक है
• राजस्थानी भाषा की 8 बोलियां है -  मारवाड़ी बोली, हाड़ौती बोली, मेवाड़ी बोली, ढूंढाड़ी बोली, शेखावाटी बोली, वागड़ी बोली, गोड़वाड़ी बोली
• राजस्थानी नागरी लिपि में लिखी जाती है।

बिहारी हिंदी -

• बिहारी पूर्वी हिन्द–आर्य भाषाओं का पश्चित्मी समूह है
• यह मुख्यतः भारत में बिहार, उत्तर प्रदेश, झारखंड, छत्तीसगढ़, मध्य प्रदेश और नेपाल के तराई क्षेत्र में बोली जाती है।
• बिहारी समूह की प्रमुख भाषाए - मैथिली, भोजपुरी, मगही, अंगिका, बज्जिका, नागपुरी, खोरठा, पंचपरगनिया, कुरमाली इत्यादि

सही उत्तर है - 'पहल'

• यह मध्यप्रदेश के जबलपुर से संस्थापक ज्ञानरंजन के सम्पादन में प्रकाशित होती थी।
• यह पत्रिका 1973 में शुरू हुई और 2021 में अपने 125वें अंक के साथ समाप्त हो गयी।
• प्रगतिशील वामाग्रह रखते हुए वह सर्वसंग्रहवाद और संतुलनवाद के सिद्धांत का विस्तार करने वाली यह पत्रिका 47 बरस तक छपती रही।

Key Points

• लमही पत्रिका, उत्तर प्रदेश से प्रकाशित होती है।
• वागर्थ पत्रिका, पश्चिम बंगाल से प्रकाशित होती है।
• पाखी पत्रिका, उत्तर प्रदेश से प्रकाशित होती है।

सही विकल्प है - कल्प-संकल्प।

• कल्प-संकल्प, विलोम शब्द-युग्म नहीं है।
• कल्प का अर्थ -  हिन्दू समय चक्र की बहुत लम्बी मापन इकाई।
• संकल्प का अर्थ - दृढ़ निश्चय।

Key Points 

जब कोई एक शब्द किसी दूसरे शब्द का उल्टा या विपरीत अर्थ व्यक्त करे तो उसे विलोम शब्द कहा जाता है।

अन्य विकल्प -​

• अल्प(कम) - अमित(अत्यधिक)
• सुखकर( सुख देने वाला) - कष्टकर(कष्ट देने वाला)
• उद्यम(मेहनत) - आलस्य(सुस्ती)

Additional Information 

 अन्य उदाहरण -:

शुद्ध वाक्य है - "लड़कियाँ आम खाती है"

अन्य वाक्य अशुद्ध है।

Key Points 

Additional Information 

वाक्यों में अनेक प्रकार की अशुद्धियाँ होती हैं जिनमें से कुछ इस प्रकार हैं –

• वर्तनी संबंधी अशुद्धि
• शब्द-अर्थ प्रयोग की अशुद्धि
• लिंग संबंधी अशुद्धि
• वचन संबंधी अशुद्धि
• पदक्रम संबंधी अशुद्धियाँ
• पुनरावृत्ति की अशुद्धियाँ/पुनरुक्ति दोष

शुद्ध शब्द है - 'कवयित्री'

अन्य शब्द वर्तनी की दृष्टि से अशुद्ध है

Key Pointsवर्तनी की अशुद्धि -

• उच्चारण दोष अथवा शब्द रचना और संधि के नियमोँ की जानकारी की अपर्याप्तता के कारण सामान्यतः वर्तनी अशुद्धि हो जाती है।
• वर्तनी की दृष्टि से कुछ महत्वपूर्ण अशुद्ध शुद्ध शब्द -

जंगल-वंगल, यहाँ जंगल एक सार्थक शब्द है जबकि वंगल एक अर्थपूर्ण शब्द नही है।

इसलिए ये एक समोच्चरित भिन्नार्थक शब्द-युग्म नहीं हैं।​

Key Points

समोच्चरित भिन्नार्थक शब्द  -

• ये बोलचाल में लगभग एक जैसे लगते हैं, परन्तु उनके अर्थ में भिन्नता होती है। ऐसे शब्द 'समोच्चरित भिन्नार्थक शब्द' कहलाते हैं।
• जैसे- घन और धन दोनों के उच्चारण में कोई खास अन्तर महसूस नहीं होता परन्तु अर्थ में भिन्नता है।

अन्य विकल्प -

1. पास(उत्तीर्ण) - पाश(जाल)
2. पानी(जल)-पाणि(हाथ)
3. रग(नस) - रंग(वर्ण)

• यहाँ तीनों युग्मों में उच्चारण समान है लेकिन अर्थ भिन्न है।
• इसलिए ये  समोच्चरित भिन्नार्थक शब्द-युग्म हैं।

Additional Information  कुछ महत्वपूर्ण समोच्चरित भिन्नार्थक शब्द -

• प्रदीप - दीपक, प्रतीप - उल्टा
• बहु - अधिक, बहू - पुत्रवधू
• चिर - देर, चीर - वस्त्र

Given:

1, 8, 9, 64, 26, 216

Concept Used:

• Terms at odd places are square of odd numbers.
• Terms at even places are cube of even numbers.

On 5^th term,

⇒ (5)²= 26

But (5)2= 25

Therefore 26 is the wrong term.

∴ The correct answer is "26".

Given:

The quadratic equation  x2 - x - 12 = 0

Method used:

Factorisation

Calculation:

The given equation can be written as  x2 - 4x +3x - 12 = 0

Then, x(x-4) +3(x-4)=0

This implies, (x-4)(x+3)=0

This means that x-4=0 or x+3=0

Which means that x=4 or x=-3

∴ The roots of the quadratic equation are 4, -3

Given:

In a class composed of x girls and y boys

Concept used:

Required Part = (Individual composition)/(Total composition)

Calculation:

According to the question,

Composition of girls in class = x

Total composition of class = x + y

Now,

Required Part = x/(x + y)

∴ The class is composed of x/(x + y) girls.

GIVEN:

A bicycle wheel of 56 cm diameter in covering a distance of 1.1 km 

FORMULA USED:

Circumference of wheel in bicycle  =  \(2\pi {r}\)  

Diameter = 2 × radius 

Where r = radius of circumference