MP Forest Guard Previous Year Paper (Held on: 28th July 2017 Shift 1)

The correct answer is 'Repetition.'

Key Points

• The correctly spelt word among the words is 'Repetition.'
• The meaning of the word "Repetition" is doing something again; something that you do or that happens again. ("Repetition" का अर्थ है पुनरावृति; दोहराई हुई वस्‍तु))
• Example: His books are full of repetition.
• Therefore, the correct answer is Option 1.​

Additional Information  

• Let us see the correct spellings and meanings of the other options:
• Receive: to get or accept something that somebody sends or gives to you. (प्राप्‍त या स्‍वीकार करना (दूसरे के द्वारा भेजी या दी गई वस्‍तु को))
• Receipt: a piece of paper that is given to show that you have paid for something. (रसीद (प्राप्‍त वस्‍तु की))
• Recommend: to say that somebody/something is good and that somebody should try or use him/her/it. (किसी की (किसी से) (किसी काम के लिए) सिफ़ारिश करना, अनुशंसा करना)

The correct answer is 'Prejudise'.

Key Points

• The misspelled word among the words is 'Prejudise​'.
• The correct spelling of the word is 'Prejudice​'.
• "Prejudice" means a strong unreasonable feeling of not liking or trusting somebody/something, especially when it is based on his/her/its race, religion or sex. (किस व्‍यक्ति या वस्‍तु के प्रति प्रबल नापसंदगी या अविश्‍वास, विशेषतः उसकी जाति, धर्म या लिंग के कारण; पूर्वाग्रह)
• Example: Laws against racial prejudice must be strictly enforced.
• Therefore, the correct answer is Option 2.

​ 

Additional Information  

• Let us see the meanings of the other given options:
• Presence: the fact of being in a particular place. ((स्‍थान विशेष में या पर) उपस्थिति, मौजूदगी)
• Principle: a rule for good behaviour, based on what a person believes is right. (अच्‍छे आचरण का नियम (व्‍यकि्त की सदाचार विषयक मान्‍यता पर आधारित))
• Privilege: a special right or advantage that only one person or group has. ((केवल एक व्‍यकि्त या समूह का) विशेष अधिकार या लाभ; विशेषाधिकार)

The correct answer is- 'Ambassador​.'

Key Points

• Let us see the meanings of the words:
• Prophet:(in the Christian, Jewish and Muslim religions) a person who is sent by God to teach the people and give them messages from God. ((ईसाई, यहूदी और इस्‍लाम धर्मों में) पैग़ंबर जिन्‍हें ईश्‍वर ने जनता को ईश्‍वरीय संदेश देने के लिए धरती पर भेजा है)
• Hermit: a person who prefers to live alone, without contact with other people. (सामाजिक जीवन से दूर एकांत में रहने वाला व्‍यक्ति; एकांतवासी, संन्‍यासी)
• Ambassador: an important person who represents his/her country in a foreign country. (राजदूत; विदेश में किसी देश का आधिकारिक प्रतिनिधि)
• Traitor: a person who is not loyal to his/her country, friends, etc. (देश, मित्र आदि से ग़द्दारी करने वाला; देशद्रोही, मित्रद्रोही, ग़द्दार)
• Therefore, a minister representing a sovereign or state in a foreign country is called 'Ambassador.'
• Option 3 is correct in this context.

The correct answer is- 'Calligraphy​.'

Key Points

• Let us see the meanings of the words:
• Cosmography: the branch of science which deals with the general features of the universe, including the earth. (विज्ञान की वह शाखा जो पृथ्वी सहित ब्रह्मांड की सामान्य विशेषताओं से संबंधित है)
• Calligraphy: the art of writing beautifully with a special pen or brush. (एक विशेष क़लम या ब्रश से सुलेख की कला या सुंदर लिखावट; सुलेखन)
• Moulting: (used about an animal or a bird) to lose hairs or feathers before growing new ones. ((पशुओं के) बाल और (पक्षियों के) पर झड़ना (बाद में नए निकलने के लिए); निर्मोचन करना)
• Choreography: the arrangement of movements for a dance performance. (नृत्‍य-रचना; नृत्‍य-प्रदर्शन के लिए गति- संयोजन; नृत्‍य निर्देशन)
• Therefore, the art of beautiful handwriting is called 'Calligraphy.'
• Option 2 is correct in this context.

The correct answer is 'cheated or deceived them.'

Key Points

• The meaning of the phrase "threw dust in their eyes" is to mislead someone.
• Phrase "threw dust in their eyes" का अर्थ हैं किसी को गुमराह करना। 
• Example: The governor's press aide threw dust in their eyes, talking about a flight at the airport when he was heading for the highway.
• Therefore, the correct answer is Option 1.

The correct answer is 'was not able to understand anything.'

Key Points

• The meaning of the phrase "To make neither head nor tail of anything" is to be unable to understand.
• Phrase "To make neither head nor tail of anything" का अर्थ हैं समझने में असमर्थ होना है। 
• Example: I couldn't make heads or tails of her reaction.
• Therefore, the correct answer is Option 2.

The correct answer is 'swelling.'

Key Points 

• The word 'bulge' means to stick out in a lump from something that is usually flat.
• ('Bulge' शब्द का अर्थ है सामान्‍यतः चपटी वस्‍तु में उभार आना; उभारना, फूलना, सूजना।) 
• ​Example: My stomach is starting to bulge.
• Let us see the meanings of the given options:
• Swell: to become or to make something bigger, fuller or thicker. ((किसी का) फूलना या (किसी को) फुलाना; सूजना)
• Contract: to become or to make something smaller or shorter. ((वस्‍तुओं का) संकुचित होना या करना; सिकुड़ना, संक्षिप्‍त होना या करना)
• Shrink: to become smaller or make something smaller. ((किसी वस्‍तु का) सिकुड़ जाना या किसी वस्‍तु को सिकोड़ देना (आकार में छोटा हो जाना या कर देना))
• Diminish: to become or to make something smaller or less important; decrease. (छोटा होना या छोटा करना, महत्व घटाना; कम होना या करना)
• From the meanings of the given words, we can say that the word which is most similar in meaning to the underlined word is "swelling."
• So, the correct answer is​ Option 1.

The correct answer is 'refined.'

Key Points 

• The word 'vulgar' means not having or showing good judgment about what is attractive or appropriate; not being polite or well-behaved.
• ('Vulgar' शब्द का अर्थ है जिस व्‍यक्ति में किसी वस्‍तु के आकर्षक या उपयुक्त होने का विवेक दिखाई न पड़े, सुरुचिहीन; अशिष्‍ट, अभद्र।) 
• ​Example: Isn't it rather vulgar to talk about how much money you earn?
• Let us see the meanings of the given options:
• Indecent: shocking to many people in society, especially because something involves sex or the body. (अशोभनीय, अश्‍लील, अशोभन)
• Gaudy: very bright or decorated and therefore unpleasant. (भड़कीला, शोख़, चटकीला और इसलिए अप्रिय)
• Obscene: connected with sex in a way that most people find disgusting and which causes offence. (अश्‍लील)
• Refined: elegant and cultured in appearance, manner, or taste. (दिखने, ढंग या स्वाद में सुरुचिपूर्ण और सुसंस्कृत)
• From the meanings of the given words, we can say that the word which is opposite to the highlighted word from the given options is 'refined.'
• So, the correct answer is​ Option 4.

The correct answer is 'supporter.'

Key Points

• The word 'opponent' means (in sports or competitions) a person who plays against somebody.
• ('Opponent' शब्द का अर्थ है (खेल या स्‍पर्धाओं में) प्रतिद्वंद्वी। 
• ​Example: They are the toughest opponents we’ve played against.
• Let us see the meanings of the given options:
• Supporter: a person who supports a political party, sports team, etc. (राजनीतिक दल, क्रीड़ा-दल आदि का समर्थक)
• Adversary: an enemy, or an opponent in a competition. (शत्रु; किसी स्‍पर्धा में विरोधी पक्ष)
• Rival: a person or thing that is competing with you. (प्रतिद्वंद्वी व्‍यक्ति या वस्‍तु)
• Foe: an enemy. (शत्रु, दुश्‍मन)
• From the meanings of the given words, we can say that the word which is opposite to the highlighted word from the given options is 'supporter.'
• So, the correct answer is​ Option 1.

The correct answer is '(d).'

Key Points

• The sentence is error less.
• "All-round" is an adjective meaning versatile or general.
• Example: He is an all-round mechanic.
• "All around" has the meaning of being all over a given area.
• Example: Fir trees were all around the cabin.
• ​Here we are talking about swimming which is an exercise, good in many different ways.
• Therefore, the correct answer is Option 3.

Correct sentence: The doctor recommended swimming as the best all-round exercise.

The correct answer is- '(c)'

Key Points 

• The error lies in part (c) of the sentence.
• The given sentence is positive.
• Rules for question tag:
• The sentence and the question tag must be in the same tense.
• For the negative question tag, use the contracted form of 'helping verb' and 'not.'
• If the sentence is positive, the question tag must be negative, and vice-versa.
• Example*: did, have, does, should (Positive question tag)*
• Example*: didn't, haven't, doesn't, shouldn't (Negative question tag)*
• Always use pronouns in the question tag.​
• ​​The given sentence is positive, so we must use a negative question tag "isn't" with it.
• So, the correct answer is Option 4.

Correct sentence: Everything is going according to the plan, isn't it?

The correct answer is- 'above'

Key Points

• Let us see the meanings of the given prepositions:
• "Above" means ‘higher than’. 
• Example: Can you raise your hand above your head for me please?
• "Beneath" means ‘at a lower level than’.
• Example: The metro station is right beneath the airport.
• We use "below" most commonly as a preposition meaning ‘lower than’.
• Example: Just below the picture there are some questions.
• We use "between" to refer to two things that are clearly separated.
• Example: Our holiday house is between the mountains and the sea.
• The sentence conveys that in the winter, temperatures seldom ever gets more than zero.
• So, the correct answer is Option 1.

Correct sentence: Temperatures rarely rise above zero in winter.

The correct answer is 'under.'

Key Points 

• Let us see the meanings of the given prepositions:
• We use "among" to talk about things that are not clearly separated because they are part of a group or crowd or mass of objects
• Example: The ancient fountain was hidden among the trees
• ​We use "into" to talk about the movement of something, usually with a verb that expresses movement (e.g. go, come). It shows where something is or was going.
• Example: She’s gone into the house.
• We use "under" to talk about something that is below or lower than something else.
• Example: The cat is under the table.
• "Besides" means means ‘in addition to’ or ‘also’.
• Example: What other types of music do you like besides classical?
• The sentence conveys that because there was no soap, the toddler just cleaned his hands beneath the running water.
• Hence, option 3 is the correct answer. 

​

​Correct sentence: There was no soap, so the child just quickly rinsed his hands under the tap.

The correct answer is 'a.'

Key Points

• The only articles in English are ‘the’ and ‘a/an’.
• Use the article "a or an" to indicate any non-specified member of a group or category.
• If a word begins with a vowel sound, then the correct article is 'an'; otherwise, if it begins with a consonantal sound, the correct article is 'a'.
• The definite article 'the' is used before a noun to indicate that the identity of the noun is known to the reader. 
• Example: 
• We are looking for an apartment.
• I own a cat and two dogs.
• I love to visit the building.
• The sentence is talking about a non-specific "huge collection of sharp knives" and the word "huge" starts with a consonant sound.
• Thus, the correct answer is Option 4.

​Correct sentence: The cook has a huge collection of sharp knives.

The correct answer is 'The.'

Key Points

• The only articles in English are ‘the’ and ‘a/an’.
• Use the article "a or an" to indicate any non-specified member of a group or category.
• If a word begins with a vowel sound, then the correct article is 'an'; otherwise, if it begins with a consonantal sound, the correct article is 'a'.
• The definite article 'the' is used before a noun to indicate that the identity of the noun is known to the reader. 
• Example: 
• We are looking for an apartment.
• I own a cat and two dogs.
• I love to visit the building.
• The sentence is talking about a specific "cream" that was very thick.
• Thus, the correct answer is Option 2.

​Correct sentence: The cream used for the pudding was very thick.

The correct answer is 'yet.'

Key Points

• Let us see the meanings of the given options:
• We use "yet" as an adverb to refer to a time that starts in the past and continues up to the present. It usually comes in the end position.
• Example: Kevin hasn’t registered for class yet.
• "But" is a coordinating conjunction used to connect ideas that contrast.
• Example: I like him but I can't meet him.
• "So" means 'with the result that; therefore'.
• Example: She felt very tired so she went to bed early.
• "Although" means ‘in spite of something’.
• Example: Everyone enjoyed the trip to the final although we lost the match!
• ​The sentence expresses that was the best tune that the person had heard so far that night, out of all the songs.
• Therefore, the correct answer is Option 1.​

Correct sentence: Of all the songs I've heard tonight, that's the best yet.

The correct answer is- 'Both of them go for a walk in the morning.'

Key Points

• Two rules are needed to be considered here:
• Rule 1:
• The subject "Both of them" is plural, so we need a plural helping verb "go" with it.
• Example: Both of them were punished.
• Rule 2:
• The indefinite article 'a/an' is used before a non-specific noun.
• We use "a" if the noun starts with a consonant sound.
• We use "an" if the noun starts with a vowel sound.
• ​​Here, we are talking about the non-specific "walk" which starts with a consonant sound.
• Therefore, the options "Both of they goes for a walk in the morning", "Both of them goes for the walk at the morning" and "Both of them goes for an walk in the morning" are opt-out.
• So, the correct answer is Option 3.

Correct sentence: Both of them go for a walk in the morning.

The correct answer is 'Meera has been preparing for the exam for the past two years​.'

Key Points 

• Observing all the options, we can say that we have to write this sentence in the Present Perfect Continuous Tense.
• Two rules to get the correct sentence in this context:
• Rule 1:
• The subject "Meera" is singular, so we need a singular helping verb "has" with it.
• So, the option "Meera have been preparing for the exam for the past two years" can be ruled out.
• Rule 2:
• The present perfect continuous tense (also known as the present perfect progressive tense) shows that something started in the past and is continuing at the present time.
• The present perfect continuous is formed using the construction "has/have been + the present participle (root + -ing)."
• We often use "for" and "since" with perfect tenses.
• We use "for" to show a period of time, be it in the past, present or future: three hours, two months, one decade.
• We use "since" to refer to a time that has begun in the past and is still continuing: 9 o'clock, 1^st January, Monday.
• We use "from" to show the time or point in time when something starts.
• Example: Tickets for the concert are on sale from Monday.
• In this sentence, we are talking about a period of time of two years.
• ​Thus, the correct answer is Option 3.

​Correct sentence: Meera has been preparing for the exam for the past two years.

The correct answer is 'Because.'

Key Points

• Let us see the meanings of given conjunctions:
• "Though" means ‘in spite of something’, a thing is surprising, unusual, or unexpected in relation to another thing.
• Example: Everyone enjoyed the trip to the final though we lost the match!
• "Because" is used when we are focusing on the reason. 
• Example: She spoke quietly because she didn’t want Catherine to hear.
• "But" is a coordinating conjunction that is used to connect ideas that contrast.
• Example: I like him but I can't meet him.
• ​"Despite" (Preposition) is used to link two contrasting ideas or show that one fact makes the other fact surprising.
• Example: They arrived late despite leaving in plenty of time.
• The sentence is expressing that he is a diligent worker, thus he will succeed.
• Therefore, the correct answer is Option 2.​

Correct sentence: He will succeed because he is hard-working.

The correct answer is 'ought to be able to.' 

Key Points

• We can see the use of the base form of the verb "compete" after the blank.
• "Have" is always followed by the V3 form of the verb.
• So, options 2, 3, and 4 are incorrect.
• Many verbs in English are followed by the infinitive with to.
• Structure: Verb + to + infinitive
• The modal verb "ought to be able to" is used to say what you expect or would like to happen.
• Example: Children ought to be able to read by the age of 7.
• ​The sentence implies that equal opportunity should be provided for men and women to compete for jobs.
• Therefore, the correct answer is Option 1​

Correct sentence: Men and women ought to be able to compete for jobs on an equal footing.

The correct answer is P.M.M.A.

Key Points

• Neoprene is a family of synthetic rubbers that are produced from chloroprene.
• It maintains its flexibility over a wide range of temperatures and exhibits good chemical stability.
• Rubber is an example of an elastomer-type polymer
• Elastomer polymer has the ability to return to its original shape after being stretched.​
• ​Neoprene is also known as polychloroprene.
• Neoprene is either in the form of solid rubber or in the form of latex.
• Natural rubber is also called polyisoprene, which is an elastomer in nature.
• PMMA belongs to a group of materials called engineering plastics, which are transparent and thermoplastic.
• Gutta-percha is a natural type of rubber that is soft and moldable in hot water.
• Buna-S is a synthetic rubber used for automobile tyres and footwear components.

The correct answer is Carbon-carbon double and triple bond.

Key Points

• Chemical compounds with carbon-carbon double bonds or triple bonds, such as those present in alkenes or alkynes, respectively, are considered unsaturated compounds.
• As compared to unsaturated molecules, saturated compounds are less reactive.
• Saturated and unsaturated compounds need not consist only of a carbon atom chain.
• Many saturated compounds have functional groups.

Additional Information

• Carbon and oxygen form double bonds in functional groups collectively known as carbonyl.
• A covalent bond between two carbon atoms is known as a carbon-carbon bond.
• The carbon-carbon single bond is a Sigma bond.
• Carbon-carbon double bonds (unsaturations) are found in naturally occurring fatty acids.
• Compared to single bonds, carbon double bonds are both more strong and short.

The correct answer is 40-60.

Key Points

• A sound's vibrations are measured in decibels (dB).
• Normal conversation is about 30- 60 dB, a lawn cutter is about 90 dB, and a loud rock show is about 120 dB.
• As usual, sounds of more than 85 dB are harmful and depend on the length and frequency of the exposure.
• The noise of more than 70 dB over a prolonged period of time may start to damage your hearing.

Additional Information

• Noise pollution is an invisible risk to life.
• It cannot be seen, but it is existing nonetheless, both on land and under the sea.
• Noise pollution is observed to be any unwanted or disturbing sound that affects the health and well-being of humans and other organisms. ​

The correct answer is Nitrogen fixation.

Key Points

• Rhizobium produce nitrogenous compounds from atmospheric nitrogen.
• The Nitrogen fixation generally takes place in leguminous plants like beans, sweet pea, soyabean etc.
• Rhizobium living in root nodules supply nitrates, nitrites and amino acids to that plant and in exchange get energy in the form of carbohydrates from it.
• Beans and pulses are rich in proteins due to the nitrogenous compounds made available by **Rhizobium.**​

Additional Information

• Fermentation is a metabolic process that produces chemical changes in organic substrates through the action of enzymes.
• Fermentation is also define as the extraction of energy from carbohydrates in the absence of oxygen.​
• Nitrification is the natural process carried out by nitrifying bacteria. It is an essential step in the nitrogen cycle in soil.
• Ammonification is a subpart of the Nitrogen cycle and by this process, organism are able to consume Nitrogen for their survival.

The correct answer is Parasite

Key Points

• Cuscuta, commonly known as dodder or amarbel is a parasitic plant.
• They are leafless and rootless parasites with little to no photosynthetic activity and are usually considered to be holoparasitic.
• The genus is found in the temperate and tropical regions of the world.
• Dodder flowers range in color from white to pink to yellow to cream.
• Once the dodder attaches itself to a plant, it wraps itself around it and then produces haustoria that insert itself into the vascular system of the host.
• The vestigial root of the dodder in the soil then dies.
• It is an annual plant that can grow more or less continuously and may reach high into the canopy of shrubs and trees.

Additional Information

• Parasitic plant: A plant that obtains all or part of its nutrition from another plant or host without contributing to the benefit of the host.
• Autotrophs: An autotroph is an organism that can produce its own food using light, water, carbon dioxide, or other chemicals.
• Saprophytes: Saprophytes are organism that obtains nutrients directly from dead organic matter or wastes.

The correct answer is All of these.

Key Points

• The process of cleaning something using chemicals that kill bacteria and other organisms that cause diseases.
• Gaseous chlorine is added to and reacts with, water to form hypochlorous acid.
• The disinfection process is necessary to remove inactive microorganisms that can cause disease in humans and animals.
• Ozone is a powerful oxidizing agent that, when dissolved in water, produces a broad-spectrum biocide that destroys all bacteria and viruses.

Additional Information

• Chlorination is a cheaper source than UV or ozone disinfection methods.
• In the ozone disinfection method, a short time span is required to kill the germs.
• We can simply disinfect the water by boiling it at home for home purposes.

The correct answer is Virtual.

Key Points

• A concave mirror's real focus is located half the distance of the pole from the curve's center.
• When something is placed in front of the mirror's pole, it blocks the mirror's focal point. The resulting image is magnified, upright, and virtual.
• Where the rays appear to diverge, an upright image known as a virtual image is formed.
• Virtual images can be formed by concave, convex, or plane mirrors.
• Virtual images are formed due to the **imaginary intersection of light rays.**​

Additional Information

• Concave mirrors are spherical mirrors with a reflecting inner surface.
• Convex mirrors are spherical mirrors with a reflecting surface on the outside.
• Real images ​
• A real image is always formed by a convex lens.
• It is necessary to place the screen and light source on the same plane.
• Real images are formed on the screen
• Inverted image 
• An inverted image means the image is upside down compared to the object.
• The rays from the lower edge of the mirror are reflected upwards. This forms an inverted image.

The correct answer is Antipyretic.

Key Points

• Aspirin is also known as acetylsalicylic acid (ASA).
• It is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID).
• Aspirin is Antipyretic.
• It is used to reduce pain, fever, and inflammation.
• Specific inflammatory conditions that aspirin is used to treat include Kawasaki disease, pericarditis, and rheumatic fever.
• Long-term aspirin usage is also used to help those at high risk avoid further heart attacks, ischemic strokes, and blood clots.

Additional Information

• Chloroquine phosphate is one of the most used antimalarial medications. Any parasite that is susceptible to chloroquine should be treated with it.
• The most widely used antimalarial medication is chloroquine phosphate. All parasites that are susceptible to chloroquine should be treated with it. However, chloroquine is no longer a useful medication due to parasite resistance in many regions of the world.
• Opioid analgesics are another name for drugs like heroin. Only severe pain that is unresponsive to other forms of pain relief is treated with them. These medications have the potential to effectively lessen pain when used cautiously and under the supervision of a healthcare professional.

The correct answer is Cs.

Key Points:

• Cs is commonly used in photoelectric cells due to the reason that it can easily transmute sunlight into electricity.
• In photoelectric cells, metals that consist of low ionization enthalpies or metals which can expel more easily are used. One of the most used metals with such characteristics used in photoelectric cells is Cesium (Cs).
• Cesium is a chemical element having the symbol Cs and atomic number 55.
• Cesium is the most selected or ideal catalyst for the photoelectric process.

Additional Information:

• In addition to cesium, other alkali metals like potassium, rubidium, copper, and silicon are also often used as an alternative in solar panels.
• It is a group 1 alkali metal.
• The chemical element magnesium has the atomic number 12 and Mg as its symbol.

Lithium (Li), the chemical element of Group 1 (Ia) in the periodic table, is the alkali metal group, the lightest of the solid elements.

• Beryllium is chemical element with atomic number 4 and the symbol Be.

The correct answer is Muscular force.

Key Points

• It is a muscular force, we use to stretch a rubber band.
• Muscular force is a contact force.
• When any force applied by using muscles such as arms or legs is called a muscular force.
• For example:- if a human lift a brick from the ground, then your muscles do work for lifting it hence, here muscular force is exerted by arms.

Additional Information

• Magnetic force is an attraction or repulsion that arises in the middle of electrically charged particles because of their motion.
• ​As reported by Newton's universal law of gravitation, the force of attraction in the middle of any two bodies is directly proportional to the product of their masses and is inversely proportional to the square of the distance in the middle of them.
• Frictional force mentions to the force created by two surfaces that contact and slide against each other.

The correct answer is Oxides of non-metals dissolve in water

Key Points

• An acid is a chemical that gives off hydrogen ions in water and forms salts by combining with certain metals.
• Acidity is measured on a scale called the PH scale. On this scale, a PH value of 7 is neutral and below 7 the PH shows the acidity of the substance.
• If the solution contains more hydronium ions than hydroxyl ions, then the given solution is acidic.
• When non-metal oxides dissolve in water, they form acids.

Additional Information

• Acid
• An acid is any substance that, in water, solution tastes sour, and changes blue litmus paper to red.
• Base
• A base is any substance that in a water solution tastes bitter, and changes red litmus paper to blue.
• When acid reacts with a base, they neutralized each other, and salt is formed.

The correct answer is Orchid.

Key Points 

• Orchids are grown by tissue culture.
• Plants significant to developing countries that have been developing in tissue culture are oil palm, plantain, pine, banana, date, eggplant, jojoba, pineapple, rubber tree, cassava, yam, sweet potato, and tomato.
• One important feature of the orchid flower is that the female parts are fused to the so known as column and the male parts are fused together to a pollinarium that sits secured under the anther cap.
• These plants develop in strong light, but direct sunlight can burn orchids.

Additional Information

• Grapes are the fruit of a vine plant and are cultivated in a field known as a vineyard.
• ​Pear cultivation can be done on a mixture of soil increasing from sandy loam to clay loam.
• Much of the cherry production is focused in Michigan and the Northwest.

The correct answer is Conductors.

Key Points

• Conductors:
• The materials or substances that permit electricity to flow through them are referred to as conductors.
• Heat can be transferred through conductors.
• On their surface, conductors have free electrons that make it simple for current to flow. Because of this, the conductors allow the free flow of electricity.

Additional Information

• Insulator:
• A substance that prevents the free flow of electrical current is known as an electrical insulator.
• Because there is no uninterrupted flow of electrons within the insulators, electricity cannot pass through them.
• In insulators, electrons are tightly packed and have very little room for movement or free flow.
• Electric charge:
• The physical property of matter known as electric charge is what gives charged matter a force when placed in an electromagnetic field.
• Positive or negative electric charges can be carried by protons or electrons, respectively.
• Contrary charges attract one another while like charges repel one another.

The correct answer is ​Musk deer.

Key Points

• The musk deer is a threatened species, so this makes them rare in a way as they are not easily sighted in their own natural habitats.
• It is listed as endangered on the IUCN Red List because of overexploitation, resulting in a probable serious population decrease.
• There are now four types of musk deer: Moschus chrysogaster, M. moschiferus, M. berezovskii, and M. fuscus.
• At present there will be less than 5,000, due to poaching.

Additional Information

• The search for land by an increasing human population throughout the Indian elephant's habitat is leaving limited space for them.
• A group of Madagascar pochards, the world's rarest duck, once feared lost, has been freed into the wild as part of a pioneering conservation project to save this critically endangered bird from extinction.
• The Pythonidae, generally called as pythons, are a family of nonvenomous snakes found in Africa, Asia, and Australia.​

The correct answer is Rolling friction.

Key Points:

• Rolling bodies and other objects with smooth surfaces produce the least amount of friction.
• When an object, such as a ball, wheel, or cylinder, freely rolls over a surface, as in roller bearings, rolling friction develops between the two.
• The main cause of friction while rolling is the waste of power involved in the deformation of the objects, which is mostly caused by sliding friction.
• Rolling friction is lower than static friction.

Additional Information:

• Limiting friction- Limiting friction is the amount of friction that develops when two static surfaces come into contact with one another.
• Rolling friction- A form of force that opposes a rolling body's motion is called rolling friction.
• Static friction- When an object experiences static friction, the frictional force resists any applied force, causing the object to stay at rest until the static frictional force is removed.
• Sliding friction- Sliding friction is the resistance that any two items produce as they slide against one another.

The correct answer is Cation.

Key Points

• ​A positively charged ion, that receives attraction toward the cathode all through the electrolysis of salts, is understood, as a cation. Eg. Na+H+Ca 2+.
• An anion can be described as an atom or molecule that is negatively charged.
• A cation can be defined as an atom or molecule that is definitely charged.
• Examples of cations:
• Calcium: Ca2⁺
• Silver: Ag+
• Aluminum: Al3⁺
• Hydronium ion: H3O⁺
• Ammonium ion: NH4⁺

Additional Information

• An electrically-charged atom (or institution of atoms) is called an ion.
• Positively charged ions are referred to as cations; negatively charged ions, are anions.
• An atom is a particle relying on that uniquely defines a chemical element.

The correct answer is Both electropositive as well as electronegative.

Key Points

• Hydrogen is both electropositive and also electronegative.
• When hydrogen proceeds with alkali metals, it takes up one electron from them, making an H₂ molecule and hence showing an electronegative nature.
• Additionally, hydrogen mix with halogens of group 17 by losing its electron to form H+ ion.
• It is electronegative in nature when it mix with elements of group 1 and 2.
• It mix with group 16 and 17 elements by losing its electron and making an H+ ion and so it is electropositive in nature.

Additional Information

• The nature of an element to lose the electrons to make the positive ions is called the electropositive nature.
• Electropositive is also called the **metal nature.**​
• The electronegativity of an element is the relative capacity of an atom to attract electrons to itself in a chemical compound and grows diagonally from the lower left of the periodic table to the upper right.

The correct answer is Clayey soil.

Key Points

• Clayey soil has the highest water-holding capacity among the given options.
• This is because clay particles have a very small pore space that allows them to hold onto water for longer periods of time.
• In contrast, sandy soil has larger pore spaces and tends to drain water quickly, while loamy soil is a mixture of clay, sand, and silt and has an intermediate water-holding capacity.
• Soil water holding capacity is the amount of water that a given soil can hold for crop use.
• Soil texture and organic matter are the key components that determine soil water-holding capacity.
• In terms of soil texture, those made up of smaller particle sizes, such as in the case of silt and clay, have larger surface areas.
• The larger the surface area the easier it is for the soil to hold onto water so it has a higher water-holding capacity.

Additional Information

• Mixture of sandy and loamy soil
• Sand that is mixed with the soil in sandy, loamy soils is very obvious to the naked eye. The sandy loamy soils will retain their shape when compressed together, but they will easily break apart. The high concentration of sand particles in these sandy loam soils gives them a grittiness.
• ​Sandy soil
• ​Sandy soils typically have a coarse texture up to a depth of 50 cm, retain few nutrients, and have a low capacity to hold water.
• Clayey soil
• ​There are a lot of clay particles and very little humus and silt in this kind of soil. Because it is so compact, this soil is unable to hold air.

The correct answer is Muscular force.

Key Points

• Any force that acts after touch, such as muscular force, is a sort of contact force.
• Muscular force is any force that is generated by employing muscles, such as those in the arms or legs.
• Example: If you move a brick off the ground, your muscles have to work to accomplish so, hence here the arms are applying muscular force.

Additional Information

• The definition of a mechanical force is a force that involves some direct contact between two objects (one providing the force and another that is at rest or in motion) that causes the object's state to change (state of rest or state of motion).
• The electric charge particles that make up the electrostatic force behave as both an attracting and a repulsive force. It is additionally called Columb's force. However, an electrostatic force is one of the four fundamental forces of nature.
• The force of attraction between any two bodies is inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them and directly proportional to the product of their masses.

The correct answer is Electrorefining.

Key Points

• Materials, typically metals, are refined during the electrorefining process using an electrolytic cell.
• The cathode is a very pure sample of the metal, while the anode is the impure metal.
• When two electrodes are submerged in a solution containing the metal's cations, an electric current flows between a sample of the impure metal and a cathode.
• On the cathode, the metal is purified by being separated from its impure components.

Additional Information

• The technique of electroplating involves reducing the cations of metal using a direct electric current to produce a metal coating on a solid substrate.
• Electrolysis is the process of using electricity to split water into hydrogen and oxygen. This reaction takes place in a unit called an electrolyzer.

The correct answer is Shooting.

Key Points

• On June 1^st, 1994, Varsha Varman was born.
• She is an Indian professional sport shooter.
• Along with Shagun Chowdhary and Shreyasi Singh, she took home the bronze medal in the women's double trap team event at the 2014 Asian Games in Incheon.
• Varman was the first athlete from Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, to win a medal at an international competition.
• The only sportsperson from her state to have competed for India at the Commonwealth Games.

Additional Information

• Top tennis player of India:
• Ramkumar Ramanathan
• Sumit Negal
• Prajnesh Gunneswaran
• Mukund Sasikumar
• Siddharth Rawat
• Top Badminton player of India:
• ​Prakash Padukone
• Pullela Gopichand
• Saina Nehwal
• PV Sindhu
• Kidambi Srikanth
• Top Shot-put player of India:
• ​Joginder Singh Bedi
• Jagraj Singh Mann
• Bahadur Singh Sagoo
• Inderjeet Singh
• Joginder Singh

The correct answer is Dewas.

Key Points

• In Dewas district of Madhya Pradesh is the ‘Kumar Gandharva Samaroh’ organised
• Singer of Hindustani classical music named Kumar Gandharva.
• He is well renowned for his distinctive vocal style and for not submitting to any Gharana traditions.
• In 1977, Kumar Gandharva received the Padma Bhushan, and in 1990, he received the Padma Vibhushan, India's second-highest civilian honour.

Additional Information

• The Kumar Gandharva Award was established in 1992–1993 to promote youth musical creativity.
• This honour is granted to up-and-coming classical vocal and instrumental artists between the ages of 25 and 45.
• The reward includes a citation and 51,000 rupees in prize money.

The correct answer is Dhar.

Key Points

• The Madhya Pradesh district of Dhar is home to the Sardarpur Sanctuary, which was declared in 1983.
• Up to 348 square kilometres make up The Sanctuary.
• Kharmour and other birds are among the species that may be legitimately found at the Sanctuary.
• In this area, the Kharmour bird is mainly visible from July to October.
• The closest significant tourist attraction to the Sanctuary is Mandu.

Additional Information

• The city of Damoh is located in the Madhya Pradesh state of India. As the administrative centre for the Damoh district, the city serves as well. In addition to modest businesses like weaving, colouring, and pottery production, the town is well known for its dairy cattle.

The correct answer is Burhanpur.

Key Points

• Nepanagar is an industrial township in the Madhya Pradesh state of India's Burhanpur district.
• The Nepa Mills Limited newsprint paper mill in Nepanagar is well recognized (earlier known as The National News Print Ltd).
• Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru opened the Nepa Mill, Asia's first paper mill, on April 26, 1956.

The correct answer is Jabalpur.

Key Points

• Madhya Pradesh High Court was established as Nagpur High Court on 2^nd January 1936.
• Madhya Pradesh High Court is situated at Jabalpur.
• The total strength of the Madhya Pradesh High Court is fixed at 53.

Additional Information

• M. Hidayatullah was the first Chief justice of the Madhya Pradesh High Court.
• The Circuit Benches of Madhya Pradesh High Court is at Indore and Gwalior.

The correct answer is Jabalpur.

Key Points

• West Central Railway
• One of the 18 zones under Indian Railways is the West Central Railway.
• On July 4, 2002, the Ministry of Railways released West Central Railway.
• On April 1^st, 2003, it was established.
• West Central Railway's headquarters is in Jabalpur.
• Three Indian states—Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, and Rajasthan—are serviced by West Central Railway.
• Three divisions make up West Central Railway: Jabalpur, Bhopal, and Kota.

Additional Information

• Jabalpur
• The city of Jabalpur is located in the Madhya Pradesh state of India.
• Jabalpur serves as the Madhya Pradesh High Court's main location.
• Jabalpur is known for the well-known Dhuandhar waterfall.
• In Madhya Pradesh, it is the second-most populous district.
• Jabalpur serve as the home to the army headquarters for the states of Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Orissa, Bihar, and Jharkhand.

The correct answer is Tendu leaf.

Key Points

• Madhya Pradesh Tendu Patta (Vyapar Viniyaman) Adhiniyam, 1964 
• The Madhya Pradesh Tendu Patta (Vyapar Viniyaman) Adhiniyam, 1964 was passed to control commerce in tendu leaves in the public interest by establishing a State monopoly in that trade, i.e., in the buying and selling of tendu leaves.
• The Madhya Pradesh State Government have a monopoly on the collection and transportation of tendu leaf.
• According to section 5(1) no one, other than the Government, its authorised officer or agent in respect of the unit where the leaves are cultivated, shall purchase or transport them after the Act enters into force in a given area.
• The Forest Department used to hold an auction for anyone, any group, or any contractor to purchase the privilege to gather leaves.

Additional Information

• Tendu Leaf
• The tendu leaf (Diospyros melanoxylon) is mainly used for making bidis also known as thin cigarettes.
• In tribal communities, tendu leaves are sometimes known as "green gold" since they are the main source of revenue for a large population that relies on gathering forest goods.
• The Tribal Cooperative Marketing Development Federation of India reports that the harvesting of tendu leaves provides work for 75 lakh (7.5 million) individuals nationwide for around three months.
• As an additional source of income, these leaves are used to make bidis by about 30 lakh (3 million) people.

The correct answer is Jabalpur.

Key Points

• Madan Mahal Fort
• The Madan Mahal Fort in Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, is a testimony to the kings who governed Jabalpur for a significant amount of time in the 11^th century AD.
• The Madan Mahal Fort was constructed by Raja Madan Singh and is located on a mountaintop a few kilometers from the city.
• The fort is also connected to Rani Durgavati, the king's mother and a valiant Gond queen of the region.
• The fort provides a wealth of information about the lives of those in the past and allows one to understand the unparalleled royalty of that age.
• In Indian history, Rani Durgavati is regarded as a martyr for her final battle against the Mugals.

Additional Information

The correct answer is 1956.

Key Points

• Indore was treated as the capital of the Madhya Bharat from 1950 until 1956.
• After independence, with the establishment of Madhya Bharat in 1948, Indore became the summer capital of the state.
• On November 1, 1956, when Madhya Bharat was mixed into Madhya Pradesh, the state capital was transferred to Bhopal.
• Later the freedom of India, Madhya Pradesh was created in 1950 from the former British Central Provinces and Berar and the luxurious states of Makrai and Chhattisgarh, with Nagpur as the capital of the state.

Additional Information

• ​The capital of Madhya Pradesh was Gwalior in the Winter of 1948-56.
• When India became independent in 1947, the new states of Madhya Bharat and Vindhya Pradesh were carved out of the early Central India Agency.
• After three years, in 1950, the Central Provinces and Berar was give another name Madhya Pradesh.

The correct answer is King Rudra Pratap Singh.

Key Points

• Orchha State was established in 1531 by Rudra Pratap Singh, who became its first king.
• He had a fortress at Garh Kundar and took benefit of the politically unstable environment of the time to make territorial advantages.
• He transferred to Orchha on the banks of the river Betwa and founded it as his new capital.
• He reigned in the middle of 1501–1531, in which time he constructed the fort at what is now the town of Orchha, on the banks of the river Betwa.

Additional Information

• Bharti Chandra an Opportunist and aspiring Chand King of Champawat Kumaon, Himalayan Indian Middle Age ·
• Manvendra Singh Gohil (born 23 September 1965) is an Indian king who is the son and expected heir of the honorary Maharaja of Rajpipla in Gujarat.​

The correct answer is Israel Weapon Industry.

Key Points

• The recently inaugurated world-level weapon production unit in Bhind district, is a joint partnership of Punj Llyod and Israel Weapon Industry.
• World Level Weapon Production Unit 
• India has established its first private world-level weapon production unit in the Malanpur Industrial area of Bhind in Madhya Pradesh.
• It has a joint venture with Israel to strengthen defence ties.
• The facility has been established as a joint venture between Israel Weapons Industries (IWI) and Indian defence company Punj Lloyd, Punj Lloyd Raksha Systems.
• The factory will produce weapons including the Ace assault rifle, the X95 assault rifle, the Galil sniper, the Tavor assault rifle, the Negev light machine gun, and others.
• On May 4, 2017, the unit was jointly inaugurated by Madhya Pradesh Chief Minister Shivraj Singh Chouhan and Union Minister for Rural Development Narendra Singh Tomar.

Additional Information

• For the first time, the nation will have access to "Made in India" small guns.
• The joint venture business, Punj Lloyd Raksha Systems, would aid the military services in replacing their weaponry with high-tech, high-accuracy items.
• The facility was put into operation just a few days before Prime Minister Narendra Modi's trip to Israel.
• In accordance with the nation's defence indigenization programme, this production facility will provide the armed services with weapons of the best quality.
• According to Punj Lloyd representatives, the Tavor has been recommended as an alternative to the INSAS rifle now in use by the Indian armed services.

The correct answer is Both of the above.

Key Points

• Towns in the district of Shivpuri
• The towns that are situated in the district of Shivpuri are:
• Kolaras
• Narwar
• Pohari
• Badarwas
• Karera
• Kolaras 
• Kolaras is a Nagar Parishad and a town in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh's Shivpuri district.
• The NH3 (Agra-Bombay Highway), now known as NH46, passes through Kolaras.
• It is a city known for religion and known by the name "Mini Vrindavan."
• Narwar
• The town and Nagar panchayat of Narwar is located in the Shivpuri district of the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh.
• Shivpuri is 42 kilometres away from the historical town of Narwar.
• When Gwalior State was in power, Narwar was referred to as Narwar District.

Additional Information

• Shivpuri 
• Shivpuri District is a district in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh.
• The district's administrative centre is located in Shivpuri.
• The district is crossed by National Highway 3.
• Eight tehsils make up the Shivpuri District, which is further broken down into 614 panchayats and 1459 villages.
• According to the Ministry of Panchayati Raj, Shivpuri was among the 250 most backward districts in the nation in 2006.

The correct answer is Singrauli.

Key Points

• Singrauli
• The Madhya Pradesh region's Singrauli district is referred to as its energy capital.
• Singrauli is becoming the energy capital of India as a result of the wealth of mineral resources, mainly coal and Power Plants.
• Madhya Pradesh's 50^th district is Singrauli.
• On May 24, 2008, it received its District status.
• This area is also known as Urjanchal due to the wealth of mineral resources and power plants.

Additional Information

• Satna
• Madhya Pradesh, an Indian state, has the city of Satna.
• It is the 8^th most populated city in the state and the 7^th largest city overall.
• Under Prime Minister Narendra Modi's signature Smart Cities Mission, Satna has been chosen as one of the 100 Indian cities to be transformed into smart cities.
• Khargone
• The district of Khargone is located on Madhya Pradesh's southwestern border.
• The Kunda River runs through the city, which is well-known for producing cotton and chillies.
• Additionally, it is well-known for the temple dedicated to the nav grahas, Navgraha Mandir.
• Ujjain
• The city of Ujjain is located in the Madhya Pradesh state of India.
• It is the administrative hub for both Ujjain District and Ujjain Division, making it the fifth-largest city in Madhya Pradesh by population.
• One of Sapta Puri's Hindu pilgrimage sites, it is well-known for hosting the Kumbh Mela every twelve years.

The correct answer is Ek atoot bandhan.

Key Points

• Nida Fazil
• Nida Fazli (12 October 1938 - 8 February 2016) also known as Muqtida Hasan Nida Fazli, was a well-known Hindi and Urdu poet, lyricist, and dialogue writer from India.
• Nida was motivated to start writing poetry by the beautiful beauty of the Pad, which spoke of the tight connection and bond between people.
• In 1969, he released the first volume of his poetry in Urdu.
• List of his famous Poetry
• Duniya ek khilona hai
• Lafzon ka Phool
• Khoya Hua Sa Kach
• Mor Naach
• The Indian government honoured him with the Padma Shri in 2013 for his contributions to literature.

Additional Information

• For Khoya Hua Sa Kuch, Nida Fazli was awarded the 1998 Sahitya Akademi Prize in Urdu.
• For his writings on societal harmony, he also received the National Harmony Award.
• He published 24 novels in Urdu, Hindi, and Gujarati, some of which are used as Maharashtra school textbooks.
• The Madhya Pradesh government presented him with the Mir Taqi Mir award for his autobiographical book Deewaron Ke Bich.
• Ek Atoot Bandhan is a book which is written by Ratnesh Kumar.

The correct answer is Both of the above.

Key Points

• Madhya Pradesh is house to the world-famous Chanderi and Maheshwari sarees.
• These sarees, with attractive gold and silver designs embossed on light cotton, pure silk, or tusser silk, are a charm in light colors of white, yellow, and green.
• Chanderi sari is a classic sari made in Chanderi, Madhya Pradesh, India.
• Maheshwari sarees have more linear patterns and fewer motifs while Chanderi sarees have complete motifs and are mainly floral.
• In Chanderi sarees, the design is designed on the weft while in Maheshwari sarees the design is on the warp at the starting itself and the weft stays the same.

Additional Information

• Maheshwar is located on the edges of river Narmada, this city is known for its magnificent and gorgeous Ghats and Maheshwari sarees.
• Chanderi is a small 11^th-century city situated in the northern part of Madhya Pradesh.
• Chanderi is famous for its quaint forts, hills, and elegant hand-woven Chanderi sarees.

The correct answer is Bhutan**.**

Key Points

• According to the 2019 World Happiness Report, Bhutan, unlike almost every other country in the world, built its economy on the fundamentals of happiness and well-being rather than on economic principles (WHR).
• In 1972, Bhutan started prioritizing enjoyment over things like riches, comfort, and economic success.
• Based on a variety of quantitative factors, they created an indexation for happiness, which they have since tracked.

Additional Information

• India placed 136^th out of 146 nations in the 2022 World Happiness Report.
• It was 149^th out of 149 countries in 2021.
• Self-reported happiness, life expectancy at birth, and ecological footprint per person are the standard three components of a happiness index, which measures the sustainability of a country, region, or city.
• In place of GDP, happiness indices might be utilized as a country's main objective.

The correct answer is the Chandel dynasty.

 Key Points

• Khajuraho Group of Monuments 
• About 175 kilometers southeast of Jhansi in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh is the Khajuraho Group of Monuments, which consists of a collection of Hindu and Jain temples.
• Between 885 and 1000 AD, the Chandela dynasty constructed the majority of the Khajuraho temples.
• They are listed on the UNESCO World Heritage List.
• The temples are well-known for their symbolic architecture in the nagara style and a few sensual sculptures.
• According to historical documents, by the 12^th century, there were 85 temples at the Khajuraho site, which were dispersed over an area of 20 square kilometers.

Additional Information

• Chandel Dynasty
• The Chandelas of Jejakabhukti, sometimes referred to as the Chandel dynasty, was an Indian dynasty in Central India.
• Between the ninth and the thirteenth centuries, the Chandelas controlled a large portion of the Bundelkhand region (formerly known as Jejakabhukti).
• They belonged to the Rajput Chandel clan.
• The Gurjara-Pratiharas of Kanyakubja were the feudatories under which the Chandelas initially ruled.
• The temples at the Chandelas' original capital, Khajuraho, are perhaps most recognized for their art and architecture.

The correct answer is option 2) Uma Bharti.

Key Points

• Digvijay Singh Became The First To Serve Full 5 Years Term of Chief Minister.
• Uma Bharti changed her Lok Sabha seat in 1999 and contested from Bhopal and won here completely.
• Uma Bharti has held several major cabinet positions such as **Human Resources, Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports, and Ministry of Coal.**​

Additional Information

• The first election to the assembly was held in Madhya Pradesh in 1957.
• The second assembly was constitutional on 1 April 1957.
• The number of assemblies here was less in Vidhan sabha but later it was increased to 321.

The correct answer is ​6.0%.

Key Points

• The population of Madhya Pradesh make 6.0 per cent of India in the year 2011.
• In 2001, the population was 5.87 per cent.
• Recently according to Madhya Pradesh census data, 90.88% houses are owned while 6.70% were rented.
• As reported by Census 2011, Madhya Pradesh has population of 7.27 Crores, raise from static of 6.03 Crore in 2001 census.
• Total population of Madhya Pradesh according to 2011 census is 72,626,809 of which male and female are 37,612,306 and 35,014,503 sequentially.

Additional Information

• The scheduled castes and the scheduled tribes constitute an important portion of the population of the State of Madhya Pradesh and constitute 15.54% and 21.04% of the total population sequentially.​
• Jabalpur district of Madhya Pradesh has the highest literacy rate (81.07%) in the middle of all the districts of the state according to the Census 2011.
• The population growth rate of Madhya Pradesh recorded for this decade (2001-2011) was 72.37%.

The correct answer is Orchha (Tikamgarh).

Key Points

• The HRA was reorganized as the Hindustan Socialist Republican Association by Azad.
• He is well known for his organizational abilities after the majority of the HRA's members were either slain or imprisoned.
• Azad was wanted by the police for his crimes, but he managed to evade them and their informants for a number of years.
• So Chandrashekhar Azad was underground in Orchha (Tikamgarh) for some time.

Additional Information:

• Azad became involved in the Indian national movement while he was a young man.
• While taking part in Mohandas K. Gandhi's noncooperation movement (1920–1922) at Banares (now Varanasi), he was detained by the police at the age of 15.
• He received violent flogging from the police, despite the fact that he was spared imprisonment due to his age.
• He quickly became a hero among the Indian people thanks to the Indian National Congress (Congress Party).

सही उत्तर है - काव्य संग्रह

• यामा एक काव्य-संग्रह है जिसकी रचायिता महादेवी वर्मा जी हैं।
• प्रकाशन वर्ष - 1936
• इसमें उनके चार कविता संग्रह नीहार, नीरजा, रश्मि और सांध्यगीत संकलित किए गए है
• इस कृति को सन् 1982 में हिंदी साहित्य का सर्वोच्च पुरस्कार ज्ञानपीठ पुरस्कार प्राप्त हुआ है।

Key Pointsमहादेवी वर्मा की कृतियाँ -

• रेखाचित्र - अतीत के चलचित्र, स्मृति की रेखाएँ
• काव्य - नीहार, रश्मि, नीरजा, सांध्यगीत, यामा, अग्निरेखा, दीपशिखा, सप्तपर्णा, आत्मिका, दीपगीत, नीलाम्बरा, सन्धिनी
• संस्मरण - मेरा परिवार, पथ के साथी
• निबंध - शृंखला की कड़ियाँ, हिमालय, विवेचनात्मक गद्य, क्षणदा, साहित्यकार की आस्था तथा अन्य निबंध

Additional Information

• रेखाचित्र - रेखाचित्र किसी व्यक्ति, वस्तु, घटना या भाव का कम से कम शब्दों में मर्म-स्पर्शी, भावपूर्ण एवं सजीव अंकन है।
• संस्मरण - स्मृति के आधार पर किसी विषय पर अथवा किसी व्यक्ति पर लिखित आलेख संस्मरण कहलाता है। यात्रा साहित्य भी इसक��� अन्तर्गत आता है।

सही विकल्प है - न्यून।

• अधिक का विलोम शब्द न्यून है।
• अधिक का अर्थ है-ज़्यादा,बहुत, सामान्य या पेक्षित से बढ़ा हुआ,अतिरिक्त।
• न्यून का अर्थ है -  कम ,थोडा़,अल्प।

Key Points   

• जब कोई एक शब्द किसी दूसरे शब्द का उल्टा या विपरीत अर्थ व्यक्त करे तो उसे विलोम शब्द कहा जाता है।

अन्य विकल्पों का विश्लेषण:- 

• अंश - पूर्ण
• लघुता - बडप्पन।
• अनधिकृत - अधिकृत

Additional Information 

 अन्य उदाहरण -:

सही उत्तर है - "अन्योक्ति अलंकार"

• यहाँ भौरे को प्रताड़ित करने के बहाने बिहारी ने राजा जयसिंह की काम लोलुपता पर व्यंग्य किया है।
• यह अन्योक्ति अलंकार का उदाहरण है।

Key Pointsअन्योक्ति अलंकार -

• जहाँ किसी उक्ति के माध्यम से किसी अन्य को कोई बात कही जाए, वहाँ अन्योक्ति अलंकार होता है।

उदाहरण -

• "जिन दिन देखे वे कुसुम, गई सु बीति बहार। अब, अलि रही गुलाब में, अपत कॅटीली डार।।"
• यहाँ गुलाब के सूखने के माध्यम से आश्रयदाता के उजड़ने की व्यथा कही गई है।

Additional Information 

सहोक्ति अलंकार - जहां कई बातों का एक साथ होना सरल रीति से कहा जाता है। इसमें सह, समेत, साथ, संग आदि शब्दों के द्वारा एक शब्द दो पक्षों में लगता है। जैसे-

• जस, प्रताप, वीरता, बड़ाई। नाक, पिनाकहिं संग सीधाई।।
• यहाँ नाक और धनुष दोनों को एक ही क्रिया सीधाई का उपयोग किया गया है।

अतिश्योक्ति अलंकार -

• जब किसी व्यक्ति या वस्तु का वर्णन बढ़ा चढ़ा किए जाए तो उसे अतिश्योक्ति अलंकार कहते है।

उदाहरण -

• "धनुष उठाया ज्यों ही उसने, और चढ़ाया उस पर बाण, धरा–सिन्धु नभ काँपे सहसा, विकल हुए जीवों के प्राण।"
• पंक्ति में अर्जुन के सामर्थ्य का बड़ा चढ़ा कर वर्णन किया गया है, इसलिए इसमें अतिश्योक्ति अलंकार है।

उपमा अलंकार -

• किसी प्रस्तुत वस्तु की उसके किसी विशेष गुण, क्रिया, स्वभाव आदि की समानता के आधार पर अन्य अप्रस्तुत से तुलना की जाए तो वहां उपमा अलंकार होता हैं।

उदाहरण -

• 'पीपर पात सरिस मन डोला।'
• पीपल के पते की तुलना मन से की गयी है, अर्थात मन को पत्ते की उपमा दी गयी है।

सही उत्तर है - "विधानवाचक वाक्य"

• 'मोहन पिछले तीन साल से कोलकाता में रहता है' - वाक्य में जानकारी प्राप्त होती है, इसलिए ये एक विधान वाचक वाक्य है।

Key Points

Additional Information हिंदी भाषा में अर्थ के आधार पर वाक्य के कुल 8 प्रकार पाए जाते हैं-

1. विधानवाचक वाक्य
2. इच्छावाचक वाक्य
3. संकेतवाचक वाक्य
4. संदेहवाचक वाक्य
5. आज्ञावाचक वाक्य
6. निधेषवाचक वाक्य
7. प्रश्नवाचक वाक्य
8. विस्मयवाचक वाक्य

सही विकल्प है - मुँह काला करना।

• 'स्याही लगाना'  मुहावरे का अर्थ है - मुँह काला करना।
• वाक्य प्रयोग:- राजू ने अपनी शराब कि आदत से पुरे परिवार के स्याही लगा दी।

Key Points मुहावरे :- ‘ऐसे वाक्यांश जो सामान्य से भिन्न अर्थ धारण करते हैं।

जैसे - 

• वाक्य - 'आकाश में उड़ना।'
• अर्थ - कल्पना/ख्वाब में घूमना।
• वाक्य में प्रयोग - बिना पैसे के कोई भी व्यापार करना आकाश में उड़ना है।

Additional Information 

सही विकल्प है:- परिवीक्षा।

• 'Probation' का हिंदी पारिभाषिक शब्द परिवीक्षा है।

Key Points  पारिभाषिक शब्द:- जो सामान्य व्यवहार की भाषा के शब्द न होकर भौतिकी, रसायन, प्राणिविज्ञान, दर्शन, गणित, इंजीनियरी, विधि, वाणिज्य, अर्थशास्त्र, मनोविज्ञान, भूगोल आदि ज्ञान-विज्ञान के विभिन्न क्षेत्रों के विशिष्ट शब्द होते हैं और जिनकी अर्थ सीमा सुनिश्चित और परिभाषित होती है।

• परिवीक्षा:- किसी विशेष कार्य या पद के लिए किसी व्यक्ति को नियुक्त करने के बाद नौकरी पक्की करने से पहले एक अवधि तक उसके आचरण की उपयुक्तता की परीक्षा करने की क्रिया।

अन्य विकल्पों का विश्लेषण:-

• समीक्षा - Analysis
• ​संवीक्षा - Scrutiny
• दीक्षावधि - nitiation period

सही विकल्प है - उक्त सभी।

• बिजली का पर्यायवाची -  दामिनी, बीजुरी, क्षणप्रभा, चंचला, चपला, विधुत, सौदामनी, तड़ित।

Key Points  

पर्यायवाची :- जो शब्द समान अर्थ के कारण किसी दूसरे शब्द की जगह ले लेते हैं उन्हें पर्यायवाची शब्द कहते हैं।

• दामिनी, क्षणप्रभा, सौदामनी तीनो बिजली के पर्यायवाची शब्द है।

Additional Information  

सही विकल्प है - कर्मधारय।

• 'सद्धर्म' पद में कर्मधारय समास है।

Key Points 

• 'सद्धर्म' का समास विग्रह  'सत् है जो धर्म।' होगा।
• यहाँ धर्म विशेष्य है और सत् विशेषण है।
• जिस समास में प्रथम पद विशेषण या उपमान होता है तथा द्वितीय पद विशेष्य या उपमेय होता है, अर्थात विशेषण–विशेष्य तथा उपमान-उपमेय का सम्बन्ध रहता है उसे कर्मधारय समास कहते हैं।

Additional Information 

• समास - दो या दो से अधिक शब्द से बने हुए नए शब्द को समास कहा जाता है।
• समास के 6 भेद होते है-

सही विकल्प है - 'इया' ।

• 'कोलकतिया' शब्द में इया प्रत्यय है।

Key Points 

• प्रत्यय :- वे शब्द हैं जो दूसरे शब्दों के अन्त में जुड़कर, अपनी प्रकृति के अनुसार, शब्द के अर्थ में परिवर्तन कर देते हैं।
• कोलकतिया = कलकत्ता+इया(यहा इया प्रत्यय कलकत्ता शब्द के साथ मिलकर कोलकतिया शब्द का निर्माण करता है।)​

अन्य विकल्प अनुचित है।

Additional Information 

सही उत्तर है - "दिशाबोधक संरचना"

• 'वह अभी इधर ही आया था'- वाक्य में इधर शब्द दिशा बोधक है।
• इसलिए ये वाक्य दिशाबोधक संरचना का उदाहरण है।

Key Pointsदिशाबोधक संरचना -

• जिससे किसी दिशा का बोध हो।
• इसके दो प्रकार हैं- निश्चित दिशाबोधक और अनिश्चित दिशाबोधक।

जैसे-

• सूर्य पूर्व से उदय होता है। (निश्चित दिशाबोधक)
• डिब्बा सामने रखा है। (अनिश्चित दिशाबोधक)

Additional Informationविधिसूचक संरचना -

• विधिसूचक संरचनाओं में ‘चाहिए’ क्रिया का प्रयोग होता है, क्योंकि ‘चाहिए’ क्रिया मानव की इच्छा, आकांक्षा, रुचि, सम्भावना इत्यादि का बोध कराती है।
• चाहिए क्रिया स्वयं काल, लिंग, वचन और पुरुष में अपरिवर्तित रहती है।
• यह परसर्ग को, पर, से, के लिए, में, इत्यादि के साथ विधि परक संरचनाओं का निर्माण करती है।

जैसे-

• अध्यापक को पढ़ाना चाहिए।
• छात्रों को पढ़ना चाहिए।
• इनमें ‘को’ परसर्ग के प्रयोग के कारण ‘को पढ़ना चाहिए’ अंश स्थिर रहता है।

निषेधवाचक वाक्य-

• ऐसे वाक्य जिनमें किसी भी कार्य के निषेध का बोध होता है, उन वाक्यों को निषेधवाचक वाक्य कहा जाता है।

जैसे-

• मैं हॉस्टल नहीं जाऊंगा।

​विनम्रतासूचक संरचना-

• विनय अनुनय के भाव निहित रहते हैं। साथ ही किसी कार्य को करने के लिए आग्रह भी किया जाता है।
• ऐसी संरचनाओं के वाक्यों से शिष्टाचार और सभ्यता प्रकट होती है।

जैसे-

• पिता-जी मैं बाहर जा रहा हूँ, आज्ञा दीजिए।​

सही उत्तर है - 'मालवी'

• मालवी, 'उज्जैन' जिले में बोली जाने वाली प्रमुख बोली है
• मालवी भारत के मालवा क्षेत्र की भाषा है।

वर्तमान में मालवी भाषा के क्षेत्र -

• मध्यप्रदेश के उज्जैन संभाग के आगर मालवा, नीमच, मन्दसौर, रतलाम, उज्जैन, देवास एवं शाजापुर जिलें
• इंदौर संभाग के धार, झाबुआ, अलीराजपुर, हरदा और इन्दौर जिलें
• भोपाल संभाग के सीहोर, राजगढ़, भोपाल, रायसेन और विदिशा जिलें
• ग्वालियर संभाग के गुना जिले
• राजस्थान के झालावाड़, प्रतापगढ़, बाँसवाड़ा एवं चित्तौड़गढ़ जिलों के सीमावर्ती क्षेत्र

Key Pointsअन्य विकल्प -

निमाड़ी - 

• निमाड़ी, मध्य प्रदेश के निमाड़ क्षेत्र की बोली है।
• निमाड़ी बोलने वाले जिले हैं - बड़वानी, खंडवा, पूर्वी निमाड़, पश्चिमी निमाड़, धार एवम हरदा जिले के कुछ भाग तथा कई गाँव ऐसे है जिनमे निमाड़ी बोली जाती है।
• निमाड़ी भाषा गुजराती, मराठी, राजस्थानी, और हिंदी के मिश्रण से बनी है

बुंदेली -

• यह एक विशेष क्षेत्र बुन्देलखण्ड, जिसका विस्तार उत्तर प्रदेश तथा मध्य प्रदेश तक है, में बोली जाती है
• इसमें उत्तर प्रदेश के महोबा, झाँसी, बांदा, ललितपुर, जालौन, हमीरपुर और चित्रकूट जिले शामिल हैं, जबकि मध्य प्रदेश के छतरपुर, सागर, पन्ना, टीकमगढ़, दमोह, विदिशा, दतिया, भिंड, सतना आदि जिले शामिल हैं।

बघेली -

• बघेली या बाघेली, हिन्दी की एक बोली है जो भारत के बघेलखण्ड क्षेत्र में बोली जाती है।
• यह मध्य प्रदेश के रीवा, सतना, सीधी, सिंगरौली, उमरिया, कटनी, एवं शहडोल, अनूपपुर में; उत्तर प्रदेश के प्रयागराज में तथा छत्तीसगढ़ के बिलासपुर एवं कोरिया जनपदों में बोली जाती है।

सही विकल्प है - 'सफल'

• सफल, 'काम' शब्द का अर्थ नही है।
• विषय-सुख की इच्छा, इरादा, प्रयोजन आदि काम शब्द के अर्थ है।
• काम एक अनेकार्थी शब्द है।

Key Pointsअनेकार्थी शब्द - 

• जिन शब्दों के एक से अधिक अर्थ होते हैं, उन्हें 'अनेकार्थी शब्द' कहते है।
• अनेकार्थी का अर्थ है – एक से अधिक अर्थ देने वाला।

जैसे -

• उत्तर - उत्तर दिशा, जवाब, हल, अतीत, पिछला, बाद का इत्यादि।

अन्य विकल्प -

• विषय-सुख की इच्छा - इंद्रियसुख, उपभोग, मौज, विषयवासना, भोग-विलास आदि।
• इरादा - किसी कार्य के लिए दृढ़तापूर्वक तैयार होना।
• प्रयोजन - अभिप्राय, मतलब।

Additional Information 

कुछ अन्य अनेकार्थी शब्द और उनके अर्थ -

• ग्रहण - लेना, चन्द्र, स���र्यग्रहण।
• बलि - राजा बलि, बलिदान, उपहार, कर इत्यादि।
• यति - योगी, जितेन्द्रिय, ब्रह्मा-पुत्र, विराम।
• शून्य - आकाश, बिन्दु, अभाव, ईश्वर।

सही विकल्प है - विसर्ग संधि

• 'वयोवृद्ध' शब्द में संधि है: वयः+वृद्ध (अ: + र = ओ) नियम से यहाँ विसर्ग संधि होगी।

Key Points   

• संधि :- दो निकटवर्ती वर्णों के परस्पर मेल से जो विकार होता है वह संधि कहलाता है।
• हिंदी में संधि के मुख्यत: 3 भेद होते है - स्वर संधि , व्यंजन संधि  ,विसर्ग संधि।

अन्य विकल्पों का विश्लेषण :- 

Additional Information  

संधि के प्रकार -

सही विकल्प है - तत्सम

• 'अमृत' तत्सम शब्द है जिसका तद्भव रूप अमिय है।

Key Points 

Additional Information  तत्सम और तद्भव शब्दों के अन्य उदाहरण -

सही उत्तर है - साक्षात्कार

• साक्षात्कार पत्रिका, मध्यप्रदेश के भोपाल से प्रकाशित होती है।
• यह एक साहित्यिक पत्रिका है।

Key Pointsसाहित्य भारती -

• यह पत्रिका लखनऊ, उत्तर प्रदेश से प्रकाशित होती है।
• यह उत्तर प्रदेश हिन्‍दी संस्‍थान द्वारा प्रकाशित होती है।

संधान पत्रिका - यह भी लखनऊ, उत्तर प्रदेश से प्रकाशित होती है।

सही विकल्प है - "पश्चिमी हिंदी के अंतर्गत"

• कन्नौजी बोली पश्चिमी हिंदी के अंतर्गत आती है

Key Points

• 'कन्नौजी' संस्कृत 'कान्यकुब्ज' इस बोली का केन्द्र है, अत: इसका नाम 'कन्नौजी' पड़ा है।
• कन्नौजी शौरसेनी अपभ्रंश से निकली है।
• यह इटावा, फ़र्रुख़ाबाद, शाहजहाँपुर, कानपुर, हरदोई, पीलीभीत आदि में बोली जाती है।

Additional Information

• पूर्वी हिंदी के अंतर्गत - अवधी, बघेली और छत्तीसगढ़ी।
• बिहारी हिंदी के अंतर्गत - मगही, मैथिली, भोजपुरी
• राजस्थानी हिंदी के अंतर्गत - मारवाड़ी, मेवाती , जयपुरी, मालवी , नीमाड़ी  तथा अहीरवाटी।

सही विकल्प है -संवाद-विवाद।

• संवाद का विलोम शब्द विवाद नहीं है।
• संवाद का अर्थ है 'बातचीत' तथा विवाद का अर्थ है कहासुनी, तक़रार।

Key Points   

• जब कोई एक शब्द किसी दूसरे शब्द का उल्टा या विपरीत अर्थ व्यक्त करे तो उसे विलोम शब्द कहा जाता है।
• अन्य सभी एक दुसरे के विलोम है।

Additional Information  

 अन्य उदाहरण -:

शुद्ध वाक्य है - "यह कहना आपकी भूल है।"

अन्य वाक्य अशुद्ध है।

Key Pointsअन्य विकल्पों का विश्लेषण -

Additional Information

वाक्यों में अनेक प्रकार की अशुद्धियाँ होती हैं जिनमें से कुछ इस प्रकार हैं –

• वर्तनी संबंधी अशुद्धि
• शब्द-अर्थ प्रयोग की अशुद्धि
• लिंग संबंधी अशुद्धि
• वचन संबंधी अशुद्धि
• पदक्रम संबंधी अशुद्धियाँ
• पुनरावृत्ति की अशुद्धियाँ/पुनरुक्ति दोष

सही विकल्प है - गरिष्ठ।

• उपयुक्त शब्दों में शुद्ध शब्द गरिष्ठ है।

Key Points  

• गरिष्ठ  का अर्थ है - कठिनता से पचनेवाला बहुत भारी (जैसे—गरिष्ठ भोजन)।
• वाक्य निर्माण - गरिष्ठ भोजन लेने से व्यक्ति बीमार पड़ सकता है।

अन्य विकल्पों का विश्लेषण:-

अशुद्धि - यहाँ शब्दों में वर्तनी संबंधी अशुद्धि है ।

Additional Information

सही विकल्प है - ऐसा-वैसा ।

• ऐसा-वैसा समोच्चरित भिन्नार्थक शब्द-युग्म नहीं है।
• ऐसा-वैसा का अर्थ:- तुच्छ, कम दर्जे का, कम हैसियत, बुरा, अविश्वसनीय (व्यक्ति, वस्तु, बात),यहाँ ऐसा और वैसा का अर्थ अलग-अलग नहीं निकल रहा।

Key Points ऐसे शब्द शब्द जिनका उच्चारण तो एक समान होता है, लेकिन उनका अर्थ भिन्न होता है, ऐसे शब्दों को समोच्चरित भिन्नार्थक या युग्म शब्द कहते है।

अन्य विकल्पों का विश्लेषण:-

Additional Information 

अन्य उदाहरण -

The pattern followed in the given series is:

Difference between the terms > Previous difference 

Since in last pair the difference is smaller than the previous one therefore it is the wrong term i.e. 135.

Hence the correct answer is "135".

Given:

The quadratic equation x2 + 729 = 0

Formula used:

\(D=b^2-4ac\)

Calculation:

Substitute a=1, b=0, c= 729 in the equation \(D=b^2-4ac\).

\(D=0^2-4(1)(729)=-2916\)

Since the value of the discriminant is negative, the roots of the quadratic equation are imaginary.

Given:

The total sum of ages of A, B, and C at present is 90 years.

Ten years ago the ratio of their ages was 1 ∶ 2 ∶ 3 respectively.

Calculations:

Let rational age be x, then

x + 2x + 3x = 90 - (10 + 10 + 10)

⇒ 6x = 90 - 30

⇒ 6x = 60

⇒ x = 60/6 = 10

Age of B = 2x = 2 × 10 = 20

Present age of B = 20 + 10 = 30 years

∴ The present age of B is 30 years.

GIVEN:

An octagon

FORMULA USED:

Number of diagonals = n × ( n - 3 ) /2 

Where, n = side of polygon (here it is octagon) 

Number of side in octagon is 8 

CALCULATION:

As, to calculate the number of diagonals in a polygon we use the formula n× ( n - 3 ) /2 

 Here n = 8 , as it is an octagon 

So, Number of diagonals 

⇒ 8 × ( 8 - 3 ) / 2 = 8 × 5 /2  = 20 

∴  Number of diagonals in octagon is 20 .