MP Forest Guard Previous Year Paper (Held on: 27th July 2017 Shift 3)

The correct answer is- 'Anne's alarm clock rang for half an hour before she woke up.'

Key Points

• In all the options, the second part of the sentence is in the past tense.
• The tense of the sentence should be uniform.
• We use "before clauses" in a variety of tenses to say that the action or event in the before clause did not or may not happen.
• Structure: Past Tense + Before + Past Tense
• Example: I saw her a few days before she left.
• ​The V2 and V3 form of the verb "ring" is "rang."
• Therefore, the correct answer is Option 3.

Correct sentence: Anne's alarm clock rang for half an hour before she woke up.

The correct answer is- 'All the boys have been playing cricket since morning.'

Key Points 

• Two rules are needed to be considered here:
• The subject "boys" is plural, so we need a plural helping verb "have" with it.
• Therefore, the options "All the boys has being playing cricket for morning" and "All boys has been playing cricket from morning" are opt-out.
• The word 'from' is always used as a preposition and it is used to refer to a place or time at which any event/action/journey starts/initiates. 
• Example: I come from Delhi.
• ​The word 'since' is used to refer to the time passed between then and now, i.e. from a point in the past until now/present.
• Example: I haven’t met Neel since evening.
• ​Therefore, the option "All the boys have been playing the cricket from morning" is incorrect.
• So, the correct answer is Option 1.

Correct sentence: All the boys have been playing cricket since morning.

The correct answer is 'Nutrition.'

Key Points

• The correctly spelled word among the words is 'Nutrition.'
• The meaning of the word "Nutrition" is the food that you eat and the way that it affects your health. ("Nutrition" का अर्थ है स्‍वास्‍थ्‍य को पुष्‍ट करने वाला भोजन, पोषाहार))
• Example: Good nutrition is essential if patients are to make a quick recovery.
• Therefore, the correct answer is Option 1.​

Additional Information 

• Let us see the correct spellings and meanings of the other options:
• Hygiene: (the rules of) keeping yourself and things around you clean, in order to prevent disease. (मानव शरीर और उसके परिवेश की स्‍वच्‍छता (उसके नियम ताकि रोग न हों))
• Height: the measurement from the bottom to the top of a person or thing. (व्‍यक्ति या वस्‍तु की नीचे से ऊपर की माप; ऊँचाई, लंबाई)
• Contamination: the action or state of making or being made impure by polluting or poisoning. (दूषण)

The correct answer is 'Amatur'.

Key Points

• The misspelled word among the words is 'Amatur'.
• The correct spelling of the word is 'Amateur'.
• "Amateur" means a person who takes part in a sport or an activity for pleasure, not for money as a job. (शौक़िया, अव्‍यवसायी) 
• Example: He was an amateur singer until the age of 40 when he turned professional.
• Therefore, the correct answer is Option 4.

​ 

Additional Information 

• Let us see the meanings of the other given options:
• Argument: an angry discussion between two or more people who disagree with each other. (विवाद, झगड़ा, बहस)
• Atheist: a person who disbelieves or lacks belief in the existence of God or gods. (नास्तिक, निरीश्‍वरवादी)
• Apparent: that seems to be real or true but may not be. (वास्‍तविक जैसा, आभासी)

The correct answer is 'above.'

Key Points 

• Let us see the meanings of the given prepositions​:
• Above: in or to a higher position than something else.
• Example: The helicopter was hovering above the building.
• Into: to the inside or middle of a place, container, area, etc.
• Example: Let's go into the garden.
• From: used to show the place where someone or something starts.
• Example: The wind is coming from the north.
• By: used to show the person or thing that does something.
• Example: The motorcycle was driven by a tiny bald man.
• ​Therefore, the correct answer is Option 1.

​

Correct sentence: He waved the letter excitedly above his head.

The correct answer is 'under.'

Key Points 

• Let us see the meanings of the given prepositions​:
• From: used to show the place where someone or something starts.
• Example: The wind is coming from the north.
• Over: above or higher than something else, sometimes so that one thing covers the other; above.
• Example: She held the umbrella over both of us.
• Among: in the middle of or surrounded by other things.
• Example: I saw a few familiar faces among the crowd.
• Under: in or to a position below or lower than something else, often so that one thing covers the other.
• Example: He hid under the bed.
• The given sentence expresses that the persons stood in a position below or lower than the tree to avoid getting wet.
• ​Therefore, the correct answer is Option 4.

​

Correct sentence: They stood under a tree to avoid getting wet.

The correct answer is 'the.'

Key Points

• The only articles in English are ‘the’ and ‘a/an’.
• Use the article "a or an" to indicate any non-specified member of a group or category.
• If a word begins with a vowel sound, then the correct article is 'an'; otherwise, if it begins with a consonantal sound, the correct article is 'a'.
• The definite article 'the' is used before a noun to indicate that the identity of the noun is known to the reader. 
• Example: 
• We are looking for an apartment.
• I own a cat and two dogs.
• I love to visit the building.
• 'The' is used when referring to something specific (e.g. 'the Pope', 'the Taj Mahal').
• We use 'the' with the names of famous buildings, works of art, museums, or monuments.
• Hence, the correct answer is Option 2.

​

​Correct sentence: I would like to visit the Eiffel Tower.

The correct answer is 'a.'

Key Points

• The only articles in English are ‘the’ and ‘a/an’.
• Use the article "a or an" to indicate any non-specified member of a group or category.
• If a word begins with a vowel sound, then the correct article is 'an'; otherwise, if it begins with a consonantal sound, the correct article is 'a'.
• The definite article 'the' is used before a noun to indicate that the identity of the noun is known to the reader. 
• Example: 
• We are looking for an apartment.
• I own a cat and two dogs.
• I love to visit the building.
• ​​We use "few" with plural countable nouns to mean ‘not as much as may be expected or wished for’.
• **"A few" means 'some' and "the few" implies 'not many.'
• The word "few" starts with a consonant sound ​and we are talking about the non-specific "few hours", so the first blank must have "a."
• Here, we are talking about non-specific "few hours."
• Thus, the correct answer is Option 4.

​Correct sentence: They arrived a few hours later.

The correct answer is 'but.'

Key Points

• Let us see the meanings of given conjunctions:
• But is a coordinating conjunction that is used to connect ideas that contrast.
• Example: I like him but I can't meet him.
• We use "since" as a subordinating conjunction to introduce a subordinate clause. We use it to give a reason for something.
• Example: Sean had no reason to take a taxi since his flat was near enough to walk to.
• "Because" is used when we are focusing on the reason. 
• Example: She spoke quietly because she didn’t want Catherine to hear.
• **"**Or" is used to connect different possibilities.
• Example: You can pay now or when you come back to pick up the paint.​
• The sentence talks about two actions that are contrasting in nature.
• Therefore, the correct answer is Option 1.​

Correct sentence: She does a lot of work for charity, but her modesty restricts her from talking about it.

The correct answer is 'But.'

Key Points  

• Let us see the meanings of given conjunctions:
• "But" is a coordinating conjunction used to connect ideas that contrast.
• Example: I like him but I can't meet him.
• **"So" means 'with the result that; therefore'.
• Example: She felt very tired so she went to bed early.
• "Because" is used when we are focusing on the reason. 
• Example: She spoke quietly because she didn’t want Catherine to hear.
• We use "since" as a subordinating conjunction to introduce a subordinate clause. We use it to give a reason for something.
• Example: Sean had no reason to take a taxi since his flat was near enough to walk to.
• ​Both sentences talk about two actions that are contrasting in nature, so we must combine these sentences using "but."
• Therefore, the correct answer is Option 1.​

Correct sentence: Rahul is slow but he is steady.

The correct answer is 'ought to be.' 

Key Points 

• Let us see the meanings of the given options:
• The modal verb "Ought to" is used to express something that you expect will happen.
• Example: They ought to have arrived at lunchtime but the flight was delayed.
• ​The modal verb "Ought not to" is the opposite of the modal verb "Ought to."
• The modal verb "ought to be" is used to show when it is necessary or would be a good thing to perform the activity referred to by the following verb.
• Example: We ought to be getting ready now.
• The modal verb "can" is always followed by the base form of the verb, so Option 4 can be ruled out.
• Example: She can speak four languages.
• ​The sentence implies that the person who pulled down that tree should be ashamed of himself/herself.
• Therefore, the correct answer is Option 2.​

Correct sentence: The one who has uprooted that tree ought to be ashamed of himself.

The correct answer is- 'Lexicographer.'

Key Points

• Let us see the meanings of the words:
• Cosmopolitan: containing people from all over the world. (विश्‍व के विभिन्‍न भागों से आए व्‍यक्तियों वाला; सर्वदेशीय)
• Butcher: a person who sells meat. (क़साई, मांस-विक्रेता)
• Lexicographer: a person whose job is to write dictionaries. (शब्दकोशों का लेखन करनेवाला व्यक्ति; कोशकार)
• Urban: connected with a town or city. (नगर या क़सबे से संबंधित; शहरी)
• Therefore, one who compiles a dictionary is called 'Lexicographer.'
• Option 3 is correct in this context.

The correct answer is- 'Kennel.'

Key Points

• Let us see the meanings of the words:
• Pen: an object that you use for writing in ink. (रोशनाई से लिखने में प्रयुक्त क़लम, पेन)
• Warren: an enclosed piece of land set aside for breeding game, especially rabbits. (ख़रगोश पालने का बाड़ा)
• Kennel: a small house for a dog. (छोटा कुत्ताघ, कुक्‍कुरशाला)
• Lair: the place where a wild animal rests, hides, or sleeps. (जंगली जानवरों के रहने, छुपने या सोने आदि की जगह; माँद, गुफ़ा, बिल)
• Therefore, a home for dogs is called 'Kennel.'
• Option 3 is correct in this context.

The correct answer is '(b).'

Key Points  

• The error lies in part (b) of the sentence.
• When two items/people/situations are compared, a comparative degree is used by putting ‘er’ to the adjective word or "more" with the adjective in association with the word ‘than’.
• Example:
• She is more cheerful than her sister.
• *She is smarter than her sister.*​
• "​Than" is used in comparisons as a conjunction (as in "she is younger than I am") and as a preposition ("he is taller than me").
• "Then" indicates time.
• It is used as an adverb ("I lived in Idaho then"), noun ("we'll have to wait until then"), and adjective ("the then-governor").
• The presence of the comparative degree 'more popular' shows that it must be followed by the word "than."
• Therefore, the correct answer is Option 2.

Correct sentence: Gandhiji is more popular than any other leader of India.

The correct answer is '(c)'

Key Points

• The error lies in part (c) of the sentence.
• The given sentence is positive.
• Rules for question tag:
• The sentence and the question tag must be in the same tense.
• For the negative question tag, use the contracted form of 'helping verb' and 'not.'
• If the sentence is positive, the question tag must be negative, and vice-versa.
• Example*: did, have, does, should (Positive question tag)*
• Example*: didn't, haven't, doesn't, shouldn't (Negative question tag)*
• Always use pronouns in the question tag.​
• ​​The given sentence is positive, so we must use a negative question tag "isn't" with it.
• So, the correct answer is Option 4.

Correct sentence: Radha is more intelligent than her brother, isn't she?

The correct answer is 'try everything that you can possibly do in a particular situation​.'

Key Points 

 

• The meaning of the phrase "The whole nine yards" is everything you can possibly want, have, or do in a particular situation.
• Phrase "The whole nine yards" का अर्थ वह सब कुछ है जो आप किसी विशेष स्थिति में संभवतः चाहते हैं, प्राप्त कर सकते हैं या कर सकते हैं। 
• Example: The weather was terrible but I wanted to go the whole nine yards and get to the top of the mountain.
• Therefore, the correct answer is Option 4.

The correct answer is 'to live within one’s means​.'

Key Points 

 

• The meaning of the phrase "cut our coat according to our cloth" is to undertake only what you have the money or ability to do and no more.
• Phrase "cut our coat according to our cloth" का अर्थ केवल वही करना है जो आपके पास पैसा या करने की क्षमता है और इससे अधिक नहीं। 
• Example: It is up to organizations that were supported by the taxpayer to cut their coats according to the cloth available.
• Therefore, the correct answer is Option 4.

The correct answer is 'attained.'

Key Points

 

• The word 'achieved' means to complete something with hard work and skill.
• ('Achieved' शब्द का अर्थ है किसी कार्य को मेहनत व कौशल द्वारा संपन्‍न करना।) 
• ​Example: They have achieved a lot in a short time.
• Let us see the meanings of the given options:
• Detached: to separate something from something it is connected to. (किसी वस्‍तु को उससे अलग करना जिससे वह जुड़ी है, वियोजित करना)
• Lost: to become unable to find something. ((किसी वस्‍तु को) खो देना, न पा सकना)
• Narrated: to tell a story. (कथा का वर्णन करना, कहानी सुनाना)
• Attained: to succeed in getting or achieving something, especially after a lot of effort. ((किसी कार्य या वस्‍तु को) करने या पाने में सफल होना, विशेषतः काफ़ी प्रयत्‍न के बाद)
• From the meanings of the given words, we can say that the word which is most similar in meaning to the underlined word is "attained."
• So, the correct answer is​ Option 4.

The correct answer is 'careless.'

Key Points

 

• The word 'cautious' means taking great care to avoid possible danger or problems.
• ('Cautious' शब्द का अर्थ है सावधान, सतर्क, चौकस।) 
• ​Example: I’m very cautious about expressing my opinions in public.
• Let us see the meanings of the given options:
• Vigilant: careful and looking out for danger. (सतर्क, सावधान)
• Attentive: watching, listening to, or thinking about somebody/something carefully. (सावधान, सतर्क, चौकन्‍ना, एकाग्र)
• Careless: not thinking enough about what you are doing so that you make mistakes. (असावधान, लापरवाह)
• Careful: thinking about what you are doing so that you do not have an accident or make mistakes, etc. (सावधान, ख़बरदार, सतर्क)
• From the meanings of the given words, we can say that the word which is opposite to the highlighted word from the given options is "careless."
• So, the correct answer is​ Option 3.

The correct answer is 'allows.'

Key Points 

 

• The word 'forbids' means to not allow something.
• ('Forbids' शब्द का अर्थ है किसी बात की मनाही होना; निषिद्घ, वर्जित होना।) 
• ​Example: The museum forbids flash photography.
• Let us see the meanings of the given options:
• Prohibits: to say that something is not allowed by law; to forbid. (क़ानून द्वारा किसी बात को मना करना; निषेध करना, प्रतिबंध लगाना)
• Restricts: to put a limit on somebody/something. (व्‍यक्ति या वस्‍तु पर (किसी बात के लिए) पाबंदी लगाना)
• Discourages: to stop somebody doing something, especially by making him/her realize that it would not be successful or a good idea. ((किसी व्‍यक्ति को) निरुत्‍साहित करना (यह समझाते हुए कि सफलता नहीं मिलेगी))
• Allows: to give permission for somebody/something to do something or for something to happen. (कुछ करने की अनुमति देना, कुछ होने देना)
• From the meanings of the given words, we can say that the word which is opposite to the highlighted word from the given options is "allows."
• So, the correct answer is Option 4.

The correct answer is All of these.

Key Points:

• The fruit is crucial for seed distribution in addition to safeguarding the embryo.
• Fruit seeds must be disseminated far from the parent plant in order to find hospitable and less-competitive environments for germination and growth.
• Some fruits contain internal processes that enable them to spread on their own, whilst others need the assistance of forces like wind, water, and animals.
• Dispersal is aided by changes to seed size, content, and structure.
• Fruit that is scattered by the wind is usually light in weight and may have appendages that resemble wings.
• Some fruits, like the dandelion, have weightless, hairy structures that are ideal for wind dissemination.
• The seeds release from the fruit in little aggregates when the fruit is violently shaken with the aid of wind; this process is known as the censer mechanism.

Additional Information:

• Although seeds produced by plants have the potential to grow into new plants, if the seeds fall to the ground under the parent plant, they are likely to receive little sunlight, water, or nutrient-rich soil.
• Plants have developed several methods to scatter (spread) their seeds because they are unable to simply go around and place them in different locations.
• The most popular tactics are those using wind, water, animals, explosion, and fire.
• Numerous weedy or ruderal species commonly rely on wind dissemination.
• Tumbleweeds are an odd example of wind dispersal because the entire plant (apart from the roots) is carried by the wind.
• Because of the space between the foods formed from the ground-covering calyx, which functions as an air bladder, Physalis natural products, when not totally mature, may occasionally be scattered by wind.

The correct answer is Any of these.

Key Points

• Force is what causes a body or object's state of motion to change.
• The application of force on an object may change the speed, shape, and direction of motion of an object.
• An object can move or accelerate, slow down or decrease, and stop, or change direction as a result of force.
• An item may be pushed, pulled, or dragged by the force being exerted.
• An object's direction, shape, and speed can all be altered by a force operating on it.

Additional Information 

• It is a numerical description of an interaction that modifies the velocity of an item.
• Any moving item needs a force component that is perpendicular to the direction of motion if it is to change direction.
• If force is applied in the direction of motion, just the speed will change.
• This change can be directly applied or indirectly.
• Rubber and deformable bodies are examples of objects that can change shape due to force.

The correct answer is an Ionized hydrogen atom.

Key Points

• Proton is a fundamental particle of the nucleus which has a positive electric charge.
• It has a positive electric charge which is equal and opposite to that of the electron.
• If isolated, a single proton would have a mass of a negligible amount.

Additional Information

• The number of protons in an element's nucleus is called its atomic number.
• Since they carry an electric charge (positive) they can be accelerated by an electric or magnetic field.
• In the atoms of any particular element, the number of protons in the nuclei is always the same.

The correct answer is Greater.

Key Points

• According to Hydrostatic Law, the rate of increase of pressure in a vertical direction is equal to weight density of the fluid at that point when the fluid is stationary.
• Liquid pressure increases with depth because the liquid up above weighs down on the liquid below. Pressure can be measured in a variety of ways. liquid pressure can be easily calculated with a simple equation involving depth, density, and gravity.
• Pressure in Liquids
• Pressure= ρ × g × h.
• Pressure = Density × Gravity × Height
• It doesn't depend on the shape of the container.
• It depends on the density of the liquid
• It increases with the depth
• ​​It's in all directions

Additional Information

• Pressure increases as the depth increase. The pressure in a liquid is due to the weight of the column of water above. Since the particles in a liquid are tightly packed, this pressure acts in all directions.
• The pressure inside a liquid depends only on the density of the liquid, the gravity acceleration, and the depth inside the liquid. With increasing depth, the pressure exerted by such a static liquid rises linearly.

The correct answer is Vitamin B₁₂.

Key Points

• **Vitamin B₁₂ **is a complex water-soluble organic compound that is essential to humans, animals, and a number of microorganisms.
• Vitamin B12 helps in the development of red blood cells.
• Cyanocobalamin which is commonly known as Vitamin B12 is a highly complex and essential vitamin that contains the mineral, cobalt.
• It is the most widely used form in supplements and prescription drugs.
• Its molecular formula is C63H88CoN14O14P.
• Produced by bacteria, it is mostly found in fish, meat, dairy products and eggs.

Additional Information

• A deficiency of B₁₂ can cause the defective function of the intestine.
• Structure of Cyanocobalamin:

The correct answer is Chlorophyll.

Key Points

• Chlorophyll is a pigment that gives plants their green colour.
• Chlorophyll helps plants to prepare their own food through the process of photosynthesis.
• A pigment is a molecule that has a particular colour and can absorb light at different wavelengths, depending on the colour.
• Chlorophyll is located in the chloroplast of the plant, which is a tiny structure in a plant cell.

Additional Information

• Through photosynthesis, the plant uses the stored energy to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose.
• The process of photosynthesis produces oxygen, which is released by the plant into the air.
• Chlorophyll gives green colour to the plant because it does not absorb the green wavelength of white light.

The correct answer is Endangered plants and animals.

Key Points

• The red book is the state document established for documenting rare and endangered species of animals, plants and fungi existing within the boundary of the state or territory.
• The book aims to help researchers in designing efficient measures to protect and secure endangered species.
• The first-ever Data book was developed by Russian biologists and was based on extensive research carried out from 1961 to 1964.

Additional Information

• Endangered plants are the species of plants native to the state that are in imminent danger of extinction within the state.
• An extinct animal is a species that is extinct when the last known specimen dies without leaving a genetic successor.

The correct is Image moves closer to the object.

Key Points

• As the object approaches the mirror the image as well approaches the mirror and increases until its height equals that of the object.
• At the moment that the object is moved away from the mirror gradually, the size of the image reduces.
• In plane mirror, the image distance always equivalent the object distance.
• Therefore, when the distance in the middle of object and the plane mirror increases then the distance between the image and the plane mirror also increases.

Additional Information

• In a plane mirror, if the object moves away, then its image as well moves away from the mirror.
• When the distance in the middle of the object and the plane mirror increases then the distance between the image and the plane mirror also increases.
• ​The image formed in the plane mirror is always of the equal size as that of the object.

The correct answer is Sewage.

Key Points 

• Sewage is the generally used name for such waste.
• Bacteria, protozoa, fungi, viruses, and parasites (worms) are formed in the sewage.
• Sewage is a kind of wastewater that is made up of a society of people. It is commonly transported through a sewer system.

Additional Information 

• The production of sewage mostly correlates to water consumption.
• A range of parts of influences water utilization and hence the sewage flowrates per person.
• Sewage also consists of soaps and detergents.
• A suspension of liquid and solid waste, and water runoff, sent by sewers to be get rid of or processed.
• A sewer is a large underground channel that conveys the waste matter and rain water away, mostly to a place where it is handled and made harmless.

The correct answer is All of these

Key Points

• Weathering
• The breakdown or dissolution of rocks and minerals on the earth's surface is known as weathering.
• The three different types of weathering are physical, chemical, and biological.
• It does not involve the removal of rock material.
• Water, ice, acids, salts, plants, animals, and changes in temperature are all agents of weathering.
• Water is the principal agent behind both physical and chemical weathering.

Additional Information

• Chemical weathering involves the chemical reaction of water, atmospheric gases, and biologically produced chemicals with rocks and salts.
• Physical weathering is the natural process of breakdown or change in texture by the agents of weathering including water, wind, salt, gravity, and living organisms.
• Biological weathering occurs when plants break up rocks with roots or root exudates.

The correct answer is Aspergillosis.

Key Points:

• Aspergillosis is a mold a type of fungus infection that causes the disease.
• Infections caused by aspergillosis frequently affect the respiratory system, but signs and severity can differ greatly.
• The mold that causes the diseases, Aspergillus, is found both inside and outside.
• The best remedy is voriconazole, a more recent antifungal medication (Vfend).

Additional Information:

• Smallpox:
• It is a severe contagious illness.
• The variola virus is the reason for it.
• Before it was eradicated, it's one of the most terrible diseases known to the mankind, responsible for millions of fatalities.
• It is thought to have been around for three thousand years.
• Tuberculosis (TB):
• It is a contagious infection.
• It probably attacks the lungs.
• It can also spread to the other parts of the body, like the brain and spine.
• It is caused by a bacteria called Mycobacterium tuberculosis causes it.
• Cancer:
• It is disease in which some of body’s cells grow uncontrollably and spread to other parts of the body.
• Cancer often can spread throughout your body.
• Cancer is second-leading cause of death in world.

The correct answer is Insulator.

Key Points 

• An insulator can be charged by procedures of friction and induction.
• The charge kept in this procedure will be static.
• Insulators are used in electrical equipment to assist and separate electrical conductors without allowing current through them.
• An insulating material used in bulk to wrap electrical cables or other equipment is known as insulation.

Additional Information

• An alloy is a metal made by merging two or more metallic elements, mainly to give greater strength or resistance to corrosion.
• A semiconductor is a material that has particular electrical properties that enable it to work as a **foundation for computers and other electronic devices.**​
• Metal is any of a class of materials specified by high electrical and thermal conductivity and also by malleability, ductility, and high reflectivity of light.

The correct answer is Aspirin.

Key Points

• Aspirin
• A nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) is aspirin, which is also referred to as acetylsalicylic acid (ASA).
• As an antithrombotic, it is used to treat pain, fever, and/or inflammation.
• Aspirin has also been used as an anticoagulant in the treatment of conditions like unstable angina or after a minor stroke or heart attack due to its ability to inhibit the production of blood platelet aggregates, which can cut off blood supply to areas of the heart or brain.

Additional Information

• Chloroquine phosphate 
• An immunosuppressive and antimalarial medication called chloroquine phosphate is used to treat and prevent malaria.
• Chloroquine enters the blood cells and halts the parasitic activity processes.
• ​Quinine​
• ​Malaria is treated with the medication quinine, which is an antiparasitic.
• It can be used to treat and prevent leg cramps at night.
• It prevents the infection from spreading and kills the parasite that causes malaria.
• Penicillin
• An antibiotic known as penicillin V is used to treat a wide range of bacterial infections.
• It treats the throat, ear, nasal sinus, respiratory tract, skin, and soft tissue infections, as well as sexually transmitted diseases like Syphilis, with success.

The correct answer is Sulphate.

Key Points

• Divalent radical
• A divalent radical is a radical that has a valency of 2.
• The charge present on the radical indicates its valency.
• Divalent radical centres properly obtained by removal of two hydrogen atoms from the mononuclear parent hydrides CH4, NH3, and SiH4 may be labelled respectively "methylene" or "carbene"; "azanylidene", "nitrene", or "aminylene"; and "silylene".

Additional Information

• Hydroxide
• ​Hydroxide is a diatomic anion with a chemical formula OH-.
• Phosphate
• Phosphate is an electrically charged particle that holds the mineral phosphorus.
• Nitrate
• Nitrate is a nitrogen oxoanion created by the loss of a proton from nitric acid.

The correct answer is Some metals conduct heat better than others.

Key Points:

• Free electrons that are not bound to the atoms exist in metals.
• These electrons are unrestricted in the metal, interacting with the metal atoms to effectively transmit heat to them.
• As a result, metals are better heat conductors than the majority of other materials.

Additional Information:

• Corrections to the above wrong statements are given below:
• Option 2): Heat transmission continues until the temperatures of the two bodies are equal. Beyond this threshold, there is no further heat transfer, and the temperature stays the same.
• Option 3): When two bodies with differing core temperatures come into thermal contact with one another, heat is transferred from the body with the higher core temperature until the two bodies reach the same core temperature.
• Option 4): Because electrons are free to flow across the network of the metal atom, metals are excellent electrical conductors. As a result of the "Sea of Electrons," which allows electrons to freely flow around a metal's network rather than belonging to a single atom, metals are excellent conductors of heat and electricity.

The correct answer is diffused reflection.

Key Points

• ​The reflection taking place from the partitions of construction is called a subtle mirrored image.
• In subtle reflection, the reflected rays aren't parallel to every other. This type of mirrored image occurs from a rough surface.
• Diffuse reflection occurs whilst mild displays off a rough surface and forms a blurry image or no photograph in any respect.

Additional Information

• Reflection is such that the perspective of reflection of the mild is the same as the angle of incidence and on the other side of the regular to the factor of occurrence.
• A concave reflect has a reflective surface that is curved inward and away from the mild source.
• A couple of reflections of light are the reflection of mild back and forth several times between reflecting surfaces.

The correct answer is sublimation.

Key Points

• When a compound in a blend converts from a solid to a vapor state, it can be isolated only by sublimation procedure.
• For that reason C is detached by Sublimation.
• Sublimation is the transition of a substance directly from the solid state to the gas state without passing through the intermediate liquid phase.

Additional Information

• In fractional distillation, a combination of liquids is boiled and the resulting vapors move up a glass tube known as a “fractionating column” and separate.
• ​Crystallization is the procedure by which solid forms, where the atoms or molecules are highly arranged into a structure known as a crystal.
• Distillation is the procedure involving the conversion of a liquid into vapor that is later condensed back to liquid form.

The correct answer is Wings.

Key Points:

• The wings of a mosquito vibrate to create sound.
• It makes sound by vibrating its wings at a rate of 500 vibrations per second on average.

Additional Information

• You could see multiple directions of movement if we could slow down the vibration of an object.
• Any vibration can be measured in two different ways. The distance (amplitude or intensity) and speed (frequency) at which an object moves influence its vibrational properties.
• Frequency, amplitude, and acceleration are the terminology used to characterize this motion.

The correct answer is With no electron.

Key Points

• In coordination chemistry, a coordinate covalent bond is also known as a dative bond, dipolar bond, or coordinate bond.
• It is a kind of two-center, two-electron covalent bond in which the two electrons derive from the same atom.
• The bonding of metal ions to ligands involves this kind of interaction.

Additional Information

• There are three types of bonds:
• Ionic bond
• covalent bond
• co-ordinate bond
• Ionic bonds:
• They are a particular kind of linkage created by the electrostatic attraction of dipolar ions in a chemical molecule.
• When the valence (outermost) electrons of one atom are permanently transferred to another atom, a bond of this kind is created.
• Covalent bond:
• It is formed when two atoms exchange one or more pairs of electrons.
• The two atomic nuclei are concurrently drawing these electrons to them.
• When the difference between the electronegativities of two atoms is too tiny for an electron transfer to take place to create ions, a covalent bond is formed.

The correct answer is 0.5 ms-2

CONCEPT:

• Acceleration
• ​It is the first derivative of velocity with respect to time and the second derivative of position with respect to time. Because it has both magnitude and direction, acceleration is a vector quantity.
• Types of Acceleration
• ​Uniform and Non-uniform Acceleration: In a circle where speed stays the same, but the direction changes, the body's velocity changes, and the body is said to be moving faster.
• Average Acceleration: The total change in velocity divided by the total time it took for the change is the definition of the average acceleration over time.

where a is the vector quantity, Δv is the velocity, and Δt is the time.

• To convert speed from km/h to m/s, we multiply it by 5/18.

Calculation:

Given:

Vi = 36 km/h = 36×5/18 = 10m/s

Vf = 54km/h = 54×5/18 = 15m/s

\(\overrightarrow{a} = {\overrightarrow{Δ v} \over Δ t} = {\overrightarrow{ v_f} -\overrightarrow{ v_i} \over Δ t}\)

\(\overrightarrow{a} = {15 -10 \over 10}=0.5~m/s^2\)

The correct answer is Umaria.

Key Points

• Bandhavgarh National Park is located in the Umaria district of Madhya Pradesh.
• Its area of 105 square kilometres (41 sq mi).
• In 1968, it was designated as a national park, and in 1993, it was changed to a tiger reserve.
• The area of the existing core is 716 square kilometres (276 sq mi).

Additional Information

• This park has a great deal of biodiversity.
• The park is home to a wide variety of deer species and a substantial breeding population of leopards.
• The first white tiger in this area was caught in 1951 by Maharaja Martand Singh of Rewa.
• The most conspicuous hill in the region, which is claimed to have been entrusted by Lord Rama to his brother Laxman to keep an eye on Lanka, gave rise to the name of the Park.
• The Gond Dynasty king constructed the fort.

The correct answer is Ken. 

Key Points

• The Raneh Falls is a natural waterfall close to Khajuraho which is formed by the Ken river.
• The Ken River forms a 5 kilometres long, and 30 metres deep canyon made of pure crystalline granite in varying shades of colours ranging from pink and red to grey.
• It is located about 20 kilometres away from Khajuraho.
• The Ken Gharial Sanctuary is located at the confluence of the Ken and Khudar rivers down from Reneh Falls.

Additional Information

• The Pandav Falls in Panna National Park is also located nearby.
• The Khajuraho Group of Monuments is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Sites since 1986.
• It is also one of the "Seven Wonders of the World".

The correct answer is Sumitra Mahajan.

Key Points

• Sumitra Mahajan:
• From 2014 until 2019, Indian politician Sumitra Mahajan served as Speaker of the Lok Sabha.
• She is a Bharatiya Janata Party member.
• She served as the longest-serving female member of parliament from 1989 to 2019 and represented the Indore constituency in Madhya Pradesh.
• In 1989, against former Chief Minister and prominent Congress politician Prakash Chandra Sethi, she ran for the first time and won the Lok Sabha elections.
• Tai is her nickname among those who make up her constituency.

Additional Information

• Rani Awanti Bai:
• She was a freedom fighter and Rajput queen-ruler from India.
• She ruled as the queen of Madhya Pradesh's Ramgarh.
• Information on this 1857 Indian Rebellion opponent of the British East India Company is scarce and primarily based on mythology.
• Lata Mangeshkar:
• ​Lata Mangeshkar was an Indian playback singer and occasional music composer.
• She is widely considered to have been one of the greatest and most influential singers in India.
• Ahilya Bai Holkar:
• She personally led armies into combat and protected the Malwa state from invaders while Tukoji Rao Holkar served as her military commander.
• She was a brilliant architect and builder of Hindu temples who created hundreds of Dharmashalas and temples across India.

The correct answer is 1957-58.

Key Points

• Bhimbetka rock Shelter, is a series of natural rock shelters in the foothills of the Vindhya Range, central India.
• Dr Vishnudhar Vakankar (one of the most renowned archaeologists), discovered these caves in 1957.
• The complex consists of some 700 shelters and is one of the largest repositories of prehistoric art in India.
• The shelters were designated a UNESCO World Heritage site in 2003.
• The complex is surrounded by the Ratapani Wildlife Sanctuary.

Additional Information

• Paintings of Bhinbetka:
• The paintings, which display great vitality and narrative skill, are categorized into different prehistoric periods.
• The oldest is dated to the Late Paleolithic Period (Old Stone Age) and consists of large linear representations of rhinoceroses and bears.
• Paintings from Mesolithic (Middle Stone Age) times are smaller and portray, in addition to animals, human activities.
• Drawings from the Chalcolithic Period (early Bronze Age) showcase the early humans’ conceptions of agriculture.
• Finally, the decorative paintings dating to early historical times depict religious motifs, including tree gods and magical sky chariots.

The correct answer is Three.

Key Points

• The Aalami Tablighi Ijtema is an annual Islamic Ijtema or Aalmi Ijtema held in Bhopal, India.
• The first ijtema was organised in 1949 at Masjid Shakoor Khan in Bhopal.
• Ijtema is held on a Saturday, Sunday, and Monday (3 days) every year in November Jamaats gather from around the world.
• 14 persons attended the first Alami Tablighi Ijtima, which was held in Bhopal in 1944.

Additional Information

• An annual Islamic or Aalmi Ijtema called the Bhopal Tablighi Ijtema takes place in Bhopal, India.
• In the historic walled city of Bhopal, Masjid Shakoor Khan hosted the first ljtema in 1949.
• The venue was shifted to Taj-ul-Masajid as the event grew.
• Due to a large number of attendees, the venue was moved to Ghasipura, 11 kilometres from Bhopal, in 2005.

The correct answer is Bhopal.

Key Points

• Rail Coach Factory
• The Bhopal area of Madhya Pradesh is home to the Railway Coach Factory.
• The company is officially called Nishatpura Rail Coach Factory.
• A total of 9762 men and 8985 women make up the population.
• The area is 4.78 square kilometres in size.
• The Bhopal factory prepared 40 specialised coaches for use in isolating coronavirus patients during the lockdown.

Additional Information

• There are other significant railway factories in Madhya Pradesh:

The correct answer is D.V. Rege.

Key Points

• Madhya Pradesh Public Service Commission (MPPSC)
• The Madhya Pradesh Public Service Commission, also known as MPPSC, is a state government-run organisation in the state of Madhya Pradesh.
• It was established in accordance with Union Public Service Commission Article 315 and is in charge of holding competitive exams and civil services examinations.
• As per section 118(3) of the State Reorganization Act, the Madhya Pradesh Public Service Commission was established on November 1^st, 1956.
• The MPPSC's first chairman was D.V. Rege.

Additional Information

• The former state commission Madhya Bharat Commission, which operated from 1954 to 1956, serves as the foundation for the history of MPPSC.
• The examination was initially given in 1958 by the Madhya Pradesh Public Service Commission.
• Rajesh Lal Mehra serves as the MPPSC's current chairman.
• Its headquarters is situated in Indore.

The correct answer is Betwa.

Key Points

• Rajghat Dam
• The Rajghat Dam is an interstate dam project being constructed on the Betwa River by the Government of Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh.
• It is located 14 km from the historical site of Chanderi in Madhya Pradesh and 22 km from Lalitpur in Uttar Pradesh.
• The project calls for building a masonry dam across the River Betwa that is 562.50 m long, 43.80 m high, and has a maximum height of 29.5 m.
• It will be bordered by an earthen dam that is 10.79 km long and has a maximum height of 29.5 m.
• The power plant has a 45 MW installed capacity.

Additional Information

• Betwa River
• In Raisen district, Madhya Pradesh, just north of Hoshangabad district, the Betwa River originates in the Vindhya Range.
• The Betwa River flows from Uttar Pradesh state through the states of Madhya Pradesh and Orchha in the northeast.
• It is a tributary of the Yamuna River in northern India.
• Along with the Charmanti river, this river is referenced in the epic Mahabharata.
• The Betwa River is 590 kilometres long from its origin to where it joins the Yamuna; 232 kilometres of that distance are in Madhya Pradesh, and the remaining 358 kilometres are in the state of Uttar Pradesh.

The correct answer is 1996-2001.

Key Points

• First Finance Commission was constituted under the Madhya Pradesh Rajya Vitta Ayog Adhiniyam, the first Commission presented its reports, one relating to rural local bodies and the other to urban local bodies in June 1996.
• The suggestions of the first state finance commission covered the period from April 1996 to March 2001.
• In reaction to the Constitutional requirement, under Article-243 (I) and 243 (Y), the former state of Madhya Pradesh, of which Chhattisgarh was a part, constituted the First State Finance Commission in 1995, under the M.P.

Additional Information

• The Finance Commissions are  commissions regularly constituted by the President of India under Article 280 of the Indian Constitution to explain the financial relations in the middle of the central government of India and the state governments.
• The First Finance Commission of India was scheduled in 1951, for the period 1952-57 by the President of India and was chaired by K. C. Neogy.
• ​As reported by Article 243 I of the Indian Constitution, the State Finance Commission is scheduled by the Governor for a period of 5 years.

The correct answer is "61".

Key Points

• The MPMFP Federation is the top organization for the 61 District Co-operative Unions.
• The government of Madhya Pradesh has registered the Madhya Pradesh State Minor Forest Produce (Trading & Development) Co-operative Federation as a cooperative organization for the purpose of promoting trade and development of the state's sustainably obtained minor forest products.
• It started out in 1984.
• The collecting, processing, and sale of Nationalized NTFPs such as Tendu leaves, Sal Seed, and Kullu Gum are coordinated by MP MFP Federation.
• In addition, it promotes the sustainable management, harvesting, and commercialization of additional herbs, shrubs, and plant products with therapeutic and dietary benefits.

Additional Information

• The following are some of the MP MFP Federation's key initiatives:
• Collection and trade of nationalized forest products at rates set by the MP government, such as Tendu Leaves, Kullu, and Sal Seed.
• Creating a system for the purchase and disposal of various additional non-nationalized forest products at a minimum support price. (Honey, Karanz Seed, Lac, Harra, Mahua, and Char)
• Creation of a processing facility to provide villagers with primary processing and value-added services for more than 150 NTFPs gathered for commercial purposes from the MP forest.
• Supporting sustainable management initiatives related to the preservation of NTFPs and other bioresources.
• NTFP collectors' welfare scheme.
• Infrastructure construction in the villages was primarily carried out by NTFP collectors.

The correct answer is Bamboo.

Key Points

• Bori Wildlife Sanctuary is rich in Bamboo.
• Bori Wildlife Sanctuary is located in Madhya Pradesh's Hoshangabad District in central India.
• It is home to India's first forest reserve.
• The sanctuary is located in the Hoshangabad District of Madhya Pradesh, at the foothills of the Satpura Range.
• It was established in 1865 as a wildlife sanctuary.
• The majority of the sanctuary is covered in mixed deciduous and bamboo forests.
• It serves as a vital link between **the forests of western and eastern India.**​

Additional Information

• Bamboo is called a "wonder plant".
• Agronomists in Africa believe it has the potential to restore degraded landscapes, while economists believe it is a potential "green gold" and a silver bullet for design and architecture that has already attracted a global market.

The correct answer is Tropical Dry Deciduous Forests.

Key Points

• Tropical Dry Deciduous Forests.
• The majority of tropical dry deciduous forests are located in regions with an annual rainfall of 25 to 75 cm. The majority of the trees in these forests range in height from 8 to 20 metres.
• Central India's tropical dry forest ecoregion includes the dry deciduous forests of the Narmada Valley.
• The ecoregion is primarily in the state of Madhya Pradesh, although it also includes some of the states of Chhattisgarh, Maharashtra, Karnataka, and Uttar Pradesh.
• The Sal is the most prevalent tree in these regions' dry deciduous woodlands.

Additional Information

• Tropical Thorn Forests
• ​The tropical Thorn forests and Scrubs are a type of forest or area that receives too little or inadequate rainfall, with an average annual total of less than 70 cm.
• Typically, they can be found in India's semi-arid states of Rajasthan, Gujarat, Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Haryana, and the dry Deccan Plateau regions.
• Tropical Moist Deciduous Forests
• The most common types of forests in India are tropical moist deciduous forests. They are also known as monsoon woods, and they cover a region that receives between 200 and 70 cm of precipitation annually.
• During the dry summer, trees in this forest type lose their leaves for roughly six to eight weeks.

The correct answer is All of these.

Key Points

• Rivers of Madhya Pradesh 
• Madhya Pradesh is a subtropical state in north-central India with heavy (1,400 mm (55.1 in)) monsoon rains that provide water for a lot of streams and rivers.
• The Narmada is the largest of these by volume, followed by the Tapti.
• Madhya Pradesh is bounded by five significant river basins.
• The majority of the rivers in central India originate in Madhya Pradesh's Satpura and Vindhya ranges; the Narmada River, also known as the state's lifeline, rises from Amarkantak.
• List of major rivers of Madhya Pradesh
• Narmada
• Shipra
• Pench
• Tawa
• Chambal

Additional Information

• Shipra
• The Shipra River originates in Madhya Pradesh's Dhar district.
• It crosses the Malwa Plateau before joining the Chambal River near Rajasthan's southern border.
• This river is 195 km long, 93 kilometres of which pass through Ujjain.
• Pench
• An Indian tributary of the Kanhan River is the Pench River.
• It rises in Madhya Pradesh's Chhindwara district and passes Pench National Park, a sanctuary for the Indian Tiger Project.
• Tawa 
• The Narmada River's longest tributary is the Tawa River in the state of Madhya Pradesh.
• It begins in the Satpura Range of Betul and flows north and west before joining the Narmada near the Hoshangabad District village of Bandra Bhan.

The correct answer is First.

Key Points

• Financial Year of Madhya Pradesh
• Madhya Pradesh has become the first state in India to shift to January to December financial year.
• The Madhya Pradesh government has reversed a cabinet decision to change from the April 1 to March 31 financial year format to the January 1 to December 31 calendar year style.
• On May 2, the Madhya Pradesh cabinet resolved to change the financial year structure from the financial year to the calendar year beginning in January 2018.
• The state cabinet decided to alter the financial year for the state.
• The State's decision to move the fiscal year comes shortly after Prime Minister Narendra Modi proposed moving the financial year to the period between January and December.

Additional Information

• It was proposed by the PM during a recent meeting of the governing council of NITI Aayog in the nation's capital.
• The Prime Minister's request was justified by his determined belief that farmers would benefit from budgets created as soon as agricultural income was received.
• The tax assessment year would shift if the financial year was changed to run from January to December.
• Infrastructure adjustments, particularly at the corporate level, would also be necessary.

The correct answer is Buddhism.

Key Points

• At a distance of 14 km from Sanchi, Satdhara is an archaeological site of an old monastic complex of Buddhist stupas in Madhya Pradesh.
• Satdhara is the name of an archaeological site consisting of stupas and viharas, situated 9 km west of Sanchi, Madhya Pradesh, India.
• All four groups of stupas enclose Sanchi within a radius of twenty kilometers.
• Buddhism is one of the world's largest religions and began 2,500 years ago in India.

Additional Information

• ​Jainism also called Jain Dharma, is an old Indian religion.
• Vaishnavism is one of the essential Hindu denominations along with Shaivism, Shaktism, and Smartism.
• Shaivism is one of the most important Hindu traditions that worship Shiva, which also comprises Vaishnavism, Shaktism, and Smartism as the Supreme Being.

The correct answer is Pandit Makhanlal Chaturvedi.

Key Points

• Pandit Makhanlal Chaturvedi received the first Sahitya Akademi Award in Hindi for his work Him Tarangini in 1955.
• The Government of India gave him the civilian honor of Padma Bhushan in 1963.
• Pandit Makhanlal Chaturvedi (4 April 1889 – 30 January 1968), also popular as Pandit Ji, was an Indian poet, author, essayist, playwright, and reporter.
• He is mainly remembered for his contribution to India's national struggle for independence and his contribution to Chhayavaad, the Neo-romanticism movement of Hindi literature.

Additional Information

• Subhadra Kumari Chauhan (16 August 1904 – 15 February 1948) was an Indian lyricist.​
• Harishankar Parsai (22 August 1922 – 10 August 1995) was an Indian author who wrote in Hindi and received Sahitya Akademi Award for his work.
• Gajanan Madhav Muktibodh was one of the most important Hindi poet.

The correct answer is Bhopal.

Key Points

• Dhrupad Kendra
• In 1981, the Dhrupad Kenra was founded by the Madhya Pradesh government's Department of Culture in the state's capital, Bhopal.
• A school for preparing Dhrupad singers is called the Dhrupad Kendra.
• It was created to teach Dhrupad, one of the oldest surviving genres of Indian classical music, in the teacher-apprentice or Guru-shishya system of teaching.
• The Maharaja Vir Singhjudeo Dhrupad Kendra was established by the Madhya Pradesh government in 1999 at Tikamgarh as a new location for traditional Dhrupad instruction.
• The Kendra occasionally accepts excellent students who do not meet the entrance requirements on a non-scholarship basis.

Additional Information

• Bhopal
• The administrative center for both Bhopal District and Bhopal Division is located in Bhopal, the capital of the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh.
• Due to its numerous man-made and natural lakes, it is referred to as the City of Lakes.
• Additionally, it is one of India's greenest cities.
• It is the 131^st largest city in the world and the 16^th largest in India.
• Bhopal was a portion of the Sehore district before Madhya Pradesh was established.

The correct answer is option 4) Badminton.

Key Points

• Aditya Joshi from Madhya Pradesh was the first male junior badminton player from India who is top-ranked in the world.
• Aditya's career started with badminton in 2001 when he was just 5 years old and very quickly he won a lot in his local tournament.
• He also won the Junior Championship in Chandigarh and won 2 Gold Medals in the Junior International Tournament which was held in Pune.

Additional Information

• Most badminton goes to Greece in the whole world.
• The origins of badminton reflect the entire ancient civilizations, especially those of Asia and Europe.

The correct answer is Ujjain. 

Key Points

• Bhartrihari Caves are located close to GadKalika Matha temple, above the banks of Shipra River and is one of the attractions of Ujjain.
• The Bharthari caves is a historic site which is related to popular king and late sage Bhartrihari.
• The caves was observed to have been inhabited by Bhartrihari,brother of King Vikramaditya some 2000 years ago.
• Assigned to 11^th century Bhartrihari caves are the glaring model of Indian rock-cut architecture.

Additional Information

• ​Ujjain is a historic city of central India, in the Malwa region of the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh, on the eastern bank of the Kshipra River.
• The Udayagiri Caves are twenty rock-cut caves close to Vidisha, Madhya Pradesh from the primary years of the 5^th century CE.
• The Bhimbetka caves are situated in the Vindhyachal ranges close to Obidullahganj in Raisen District and are 45 Kms.
• Bhimbetka caves are located some 28 miles (45 km) south of Bhopal, in west-central Madhya Pradesh state.

The correct answer is Happiness Index.

 Key Points:

• The Madhya Pradesh government and the Rekhi Centre of Excellence for the Science of Happiness at the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Kharagpur have signed an MoU to work together on creating a Happiness Index to assess the state's residents' happiness.
• At the signing of the MoU, Satinder Rekhi committed to providing money to establish a district happiness centre in Jabalpur.
• Through the evaluation method offered at the Centre for Educational Technology of IIT-KGP, the institute will also create online courses on happiness.

Additional Information:

• In Bhopal, the MoU with the Rajya Anandam Sansthan (Department of Happiness) of the MP government was signed in the presence of the MP chief minister Shivraj Singh Chouhan and the IIT-KGP director Prof. P P Chakrabarti.
• The index will be created by the (IIT)-KGP, which will also analyze data gathered by the state government to determine how happy people are and make suggestions for how to make them happier.

सही उत्तर है - “भक्तिकालीन कवि”।

• रसखान भक्तिकालीन कवि हैं।

Key Points

• रसखान मुस्लिम कवि थे। उनका जन्म पिहानी, भारत में हुआ था।
• हिन्दी के कृष्ण भक्त तथा रीतिकालीन रीतिमुक्त कवियों में रसखान का अत्यंत महत्त्वपूर्ण स्थान है।

रचनाएँ :

• मंगलाचरण
• प्रेमवाटिका (दोहा-गुटका)
• सुजान रसखान (कविता-संग्रह)
• आवत है वन ते मनमोहन
• कर कानन कुंडल मोरपखा

सही उत्तर है - ‘विसर्ग संधि’।

• ‘अतएव’ में विसर्ग संधि है।
• ‘अतएव’ का संधि-विच्छेद अतः + एव है।

Key Points

• विसर्ग के बाद स्वर या व्यंजन आने पर विसर्ग में जो विकार होता है, उसे ‘विसर्ग संधि’ कहा जाता है।

यदि विसर्ग के पहले 'अ' या 'आ' हो और विसर्ग के बाद कोई भिन्न स्वर हो तो विसर्ग का लोप हो जाता है।

जैसे:

• ​नि: + आहार = निराहार

दु: + आशा = दुराशा

अन्य विकल्प :

• गुण संधि : जब संधि करते समय (अ, आ) के साथ (इ, ई) हो तो ‘ए‘ बनता है, जब (अ, आ) के साथ (उ, ऊ) हो तो ‘ओ‘ बनता है,

जब (अ, आ) के साथ (ऋ) हो तो ‘अर‘ बनता है तो यह गुण संधि कहलाती है।

जैसे :

• महा + ईश : महेश (आ + ई = ए)
• यण संधि : जब संधि करते समय इ, ई के साथ कोई अन्य स्वर हो तो ‘य’ बन जाता है, जब उ, ऊ के साथ कोई अन्य स्वर हो तो ‘व्’ बन जाता है,

जब ऋ के साथ कोई अन्य स्वर हो तो ‘र’ बन जाता है।

जैसे :

• ​अधि + आय : अध्याय (इ + आ = या)
• व्यंजन संधि : किसी व्यंजन का व्यंजन से अथवा किसी स्वर से मेल होने पर जो परिवर्तन होता है उसे व्यंजन संधि कहते हैं।

जैसे :

• ​सत् + आचारः = सदाचारः ।

Additional Information

• दो या अधिक वर्णों के पास-पास आने के परिणामस्वरूप जो विकार उत्पन्न होता है उसे सन्धि कहते हैं।
• मुख्य रूप से संधि के तीन प्रकार होते है:- 
• स्वर संधि
• व्यंजन संधि
• विसर्ग संधि

सही उत्तर है - ‘केसर’।

• ‘कनक’ शब्द का अर्थ ‘केसर’ नहीं है।
• अन्य विकल्प गेहूँ का आटा, धतूरा और पलाश 'कनक' शब्द के समानार्थी है।

Key Points

• कनक के अन्य समानार्थी शब्द : स्वर्ण, कंचन, सोना, और महारजत आदि।

Additional Informationसमानार्थी शब्द:

• वे शब्द जिनका अर्थ एक समान होता हैं समानार्थी शब्द कहलाते हैं।
• समानर्थी शब्द को हम पर्यायवाची शब्द भी कहते है। ‘पर्याय’ का अर्थ है ‘समान’ तथा ‘वाची’ का अर्थ है ‘बो​ले जाने वाले’ अर्थात

समान बोले जाने वाले शब्दों को हम पर्यायवाची शब्द या समानार्थी शब्द कहते है।

पर्यायवाची शब्द के उदाहरण :

• उदय -  उद्गम, जन्म, उद्भव, आविर्भाव, उत्पत्ति।
• कुसुम - पुष्प, फूल, प्रसून, पुहुप।
• अंतर - भिन्नता, असमानता, भेद, फर्क।
• पत्ता - पत्ती, पात, पाती, पल्लव, पर्ण।

सही उत्तर है - ‘तत्सम’।

• ‘ऋचा’ तत्सम शब्द है।
• ‘ऋचा’ का अर्थ : पद्य में रचा हुआ वेद मंत्र।

Key Points

• तत्सम शब्द : ऐसे शब्द जिन्हें बिना किसी परिवर्तन के संस्कृत से हिन्दी में शामिल कर लिया गए हों।

जैसे - आम्र, उष्ट्र, ऐश्वर्य, षष्ठी आदि।

अन्य  विकल्प :

• संकर शब्द : वे शब्द जो दो भाषाओं के शब्दों को मिलाकर बना लिए गए हो उन्हें संकर शब्द कहते है। संकर शब्द विषेष शब्द होते है।

जो दो भिन्न-भिन्न भाषाओं के मेल से बने होते है।

जैसे- रेल + गाड़ी = रेलगाड़ी, इसमें रेल शब्द अंग्रेजी है जबकि गाड़ी शब्द हिन्दी है।

• तद्भव शब्द : ऐसे शब्द जो संस्कृत से हिंदी में आने पर उनका रूप बदल गया।

जैसे - आग, खीर, छत आदि।

• देशज शब्द : वे शब्द जिनकी उत्पत्ति के मूल का पता न हो परन्तु वे प्रचलन में हों। ऐसे शब्द देशज शब्द कहलाते हैं।

ये शब्द आम तौर पर क्षेत्रीय भाषा में प्रयोग किये जाते हैं।\

जैसे - लोटा, कटोरा, डोंगा, डिबिया, खिचड़ी, ���िड़की, पगड़ी आदि।

Additional Information

• विदेशी शब्द : वे शब्द जो अन्य देश की भाषा से हिंदी में आए है।

जैसे- अरबी, फारसी, पुर्तगाली, तुर्की, फैंच, डच आदि भाषाओं से हिंदी में आए है। जैसे- एकेडमी, एटलस, बाइबिल।

सही उत्तर है - “क्रोध या ईर्ष्या से जलना”।

• ‘अंगारों पर लोटना’ मुहावरे का अर्थ है - क्रोध या ईर्ष्या से जलना।
• वाक्य प्रयोग - तुम्हें लगता है किरण का विवाह रईस खानदान में हुआ है लेकिन वह तो अंगारों पर लोट रही है।

Key Points

• तरक्की से जलाना का अर्थ - अपनेकार्यों से किसी को जलाना।
• वाक्य प्रयोग - लोग राहुल की तरक्की देख जलते है।
• लोहा लेना मुहावरे का अर्थ - चुनौतीपूर्ण कार्य या मुकाबला करना। 
• वाक्य प्रयोग - शिवाजी ने मुगलों से लोहा लिया।
• हथेली पर सरसों उगाना मुहावरे का अर्थ है - असंभव को संभव करना।
• वाक्य प्रयोग - पिता ने पुत्र से कहा एक दिन में खेत तैयार करना हथेली में सरसों जमाने के बराबर है

Additional Informationअन्य उदाहरण:

• खोज खबर लेना मुहावरे का अर्थ - समाचार मिलना।
• वाक्य प्रयोग - मदन के दादा जी घर छोड़कर चले गए। बहुत से लोगों ने उनकी खोज खबर ली तो भी उनका पता नहीं चला।
• गजब ढाना मुहावरे का क्या अर्थ – कमाल करना।
• वाक्य प्रयोग - लता मंगेशकर ने तो गायकी में गजब ढा दिया हैं।

सही उत्तर है - ‘अनुप्रास अलंकार’।

• ‘कल कानन कुंडल मोर पखा, उर पे बनमाल बिराजति है’- पंक्ति में ‘अनुप्रास अलंकार’ है।
• प्रस्तुत पंक्ति में अनुप्रास अलंकार है, क्योंकि इस पंक्ति में ‘क’ वर्ण की आवृत्ति हो रही है इसलिए कविता में चमत्कार उत्पन्न हो रहा है।

Key Points

• अनुप्रास अलंकार : जहाँ पर किसी व्यंजन वर्ण की आवृत्ति होती है वहाँ पर अनुप्रास अलंकार होता है।

अन्य विकल्प :

• श्लेष अलंकार : जब किसी शब्द का प्रयोग एक बार ही किया जाता है पर उसके एक से अधिक अर्थ निकलते हैं तब श्लेष अलंकार होता है।

जैसे:

• चरण धरत चिंता करत, चितवत चारहु ओर।

​सुबरन को खोजत फिरत, कवि, व्यभिचारी, चोर।

• स्पष्टीकरण : इस दोहे में सुबरन शब्द के तीन अर्थ है। कवि सुबरन अर्थात् अच्छे शब्द, व्यभिचारी सुबरन अर्थात् अच्छा रूप-रंग और

चोर भी सुबरन अर्थात् स्वर्ण ढूंढ रहा है।

• यमक अलंकार : जब एक शब्द प्रयोग दो बार होता है और दोनों बार उसके अर्थ अलग-अलग होते हैं तब यमक अलंकार होता है।

जैसे:

• ​कनक-कनक ते सौ गुनी मादकता अधिकाय, या खाये बौराय जग, वा पाये बौराय।
• स्पष्टीकरण : यहाँ पर कनक के अर्थ हैं धतूरा और सोना।
• वीप्सा अलंकार : आदर, घबराहट, आश्चर्य, घृणा, रोचकता आदि प्रदर्शित करने के लिए किसी शब्द को दुहराना ही वीप्सा अलंकार है।

जैसे:

• मोहि-मोहि मोहन को मन भयो राधामय।

राधा मन मोहि-मोहि मोहन मयी-मयी।।

• स्पष्टीकरण : यहाँ घबराहट प्रदर्शित हो रही है तथा शब्दो को दुहराया जा रहा है। इसलिए यहाँ वीप्सा अलंकार होगा।

Additional Informationअलंकार:

• अलंकार, कविता के सौन्दर्य को बढ़ाने वाले तत्व होते हैं। जिस प्रकार आभूषण से नारी का लावण्य बढ़ जाता है,

उसी प्रका अलंकार से कविता की शोभा बढ़ जाती है।

• शब्द तथा अर्थ की जिस विशेषता से काव्य का श्रृंगार होता है उसे ही अलंकार कहते हैं।
• अनुप्रास, उपमा, रूपक, अनन्वय, यमक, श्लेष, उत्प्रेक्षा, संदेह, अतिश्योक्ति, वक्रोक्ति आदि प्रमुख अलंकार हैं। इसके अलावा अन्य अलंकार भी हैं।

सही उत्तर है - ‘विधानवाचक वाक्य’।

• ‘रीता रीवा के अभियांत्रिकी महाविद्यालय में पढ़ती है’ - यह विधानवाचक वाक्य है।
• प्रस्तुत उदाहरण में हमे रीता रीवा के महाविद्यालय के बारे में पता चल रहा है। अतः यह उदाहरण वि‌‌धानवाचक वाक्य के अंतर्गत आएगा।

Key Points

• विधानवाचक वाक्य : वह वाक्य जिससे किसी प्रकार की जानकारी प्राप्त होती है, वह वि‌‌धानवाचक वाक्य कहलाता है।
• जैसे- राधा पढ़ती है। मेरा काम खत्म हो गया है।

अन्य विकल्प :

• इच्छासूचक वाक्य : वे वाक्य जिसमें हमें वक्ता की कोई इच्छा, आकांक्षा, आशीर्वाद, कामना इत्यादि का पता चलता है, उन वाक्य को इच्छासूचक वाक्य कहते हैं।
• जैसे- भगवान करे सब सकुशल वापस आ जायें।
• आज्ञासूचक वाक्य : आज्ञासूचक वाक्य वो होते हैं जिनकी मदद से हम या तो किसी को कोई आदेश देते हैं, सलाह देते हैं या फिर किसी से कोई अनुरोध करते हैं।
• जैसे- मुझे पुस्तक दो।
• संकेतार्थक वाक्य : वह वाक्य जिनमें एक क्रिया या दूसरी क्रिया पर पूरी तरह से निर्भर हो, उन वाक्य को संकेतार्थक वाक्य कहा जाता है।
• जैसे- अगर आप मेहनत करोगे, तो सफलता अवश्य मिलेगी।

Additional Informationपदों या सार्थक शब्दों का व्यवस्थित समूह, जिससे वक्ता के कथन का अभीष्ट आशय अर्थ पूर्ण रूप से स्पष्ट होता है, वाक्य कहलाता है।

• हम यह भी कह सकते हैं:

शब्दों के सार्थक मेल से बनने वाली इकाई वाक्य कहलाती है।

​सही उत्तर है - ‘कर्मधारय’।

• ‘नीलगाय’ पद में कर्मधारय समास है।
• समास विग्रह : नीली है गाय जो।

Key Points

कर्मधारय समास :

• वह समास जिसका पहला पद विशेषण एवं दूसरा पद विशेष्य होता है अथवा पूर्वपद एवं उत्तरपद में उपमान – उपमेय का सम्बन्ध माना जाता है

कर्मधारय समास कहलाता है।

कर्मधारय समास के उदाहरण :

• पमेश्वर = परम है जो ईश्वर
• महानवमी = महति है जो नवमी

अन्य विकल्प :

• बहुव्रीहि समास : यदि किसी सामासिक पद में प्रयुक्त प्रथम एवं द्वितीय दोनों पद अपना मूल अर्थ खोकर अन्य अर्थ प्रकट करने लगे तो उसे बहुव्रीहि समास कहते हैं।

उदाहरण :

• पीताम्बर : पीत है अम्बर जिसका अर्थात् 'कृष्ण'
• द्विगु समास : यदि किसी सामासिक पद में प्रथम पद संख्यावाचक शब्द हो एवं द्वितीय पद संज्ञा शब्द हो तथा समस्त पद समूह का बोध करवाए तो उसे द्विगु समास कहते हैं।

उदाहरण :

• ​दोराहा : दो राहों का समाहार।
• द्वंद्व समास : समास का वह रूप जिसमें प्रथम और द्वितीय दोनों पद प्रधान होते हैं उसे द्वन्द्व समास कहते हैं।

उदाहरण :

• जलवायु : जल और वायु।

Additional Informationसमास:

• समास शब्द-रचना की ऐसी प्रक्रिया है जिसमें अर्थ की दृष्टि से परस्पर भिन्न तथा स्वतंत्र अर्थ रखने वाले दो या दो से अधिक शब्द मिलकर किसी

अन्य स्वतंत्र शब्द की रचना करते हैं।

समास विग्रह:

• यह सामासिक शब्दों को विभक्ति सहित पृथक करके उनके संबंधों को स्पष्ट करने की प्रक्रिया है। यह समास रचना से पूर्ण रूप से विपरित प्रक्रिया है।

समास के निम्नलिखित छह भेद होते हैं:-

• तत्पुरुष समास
• कर्मधारय समास
• द्विगु समास
• द्वन्द्व समास
• बहुव्रीहि समास
• अव्ययीभाव समास

सही उत्तर है - ‘दिशाबोधक संरचना’।

• ‘आप किस तरफ जा रहे हैं’- वाक्य में दिशाबोधक संरचना है।
• यहाँ वाक्य में अनिश्चित दिशा का बोध हो रहा है। इसलिए इस वाक्य की दिशाबोधक संरचना है।

Key Points

• दिशाबोधक संरचना - इस वाक्य मेन निश्चित और अनिश्चित दिशा की जानकारी मिलती है।
• जैसे - सूर्य पूरब से निकलता है।

अन्य विकल्प :

• स्थानबोधक संरचना : इन वाक्यों के माध्यम से किसी स्थान की ओर सूचित किया जाता है।
• जैसे : गोपियाँ यहीं श्रीकृष्ण से मिला करती थीं।
• विनम्रतासूचक संरचना : इस वाक्य के अंतर्गत विनम्रता सूचक शब्दों का प्रोग किया जाता है।
• जैसे : आज्ञा दीजिए, अब मैं चलता हूँ।
• विधिसूचक संरचना : विधिसूचक संरचनाओं में ‘चाहिए’ क्रिया का प्रयोग होता है, क्योंकि ‘चाहिए’ क्रिया मानव की इच्छा, आकांक्षा, रुचि, सम्भावना इत्यादि का बोध कराती है। चाहिए क्रिया स्वयं काल, लिंग, वचन और पुरुष में अपरिवर्तित रहती है। यह परसर्ग को, पर, से, के लिए, में, इत्यादि के साथ विधि परक संरचनाओं का निर्माण करती है।
• जैसे : अध्यापक को पढ़ाना चाहिए।

Additional Information

• पदों या सार्थक शब्दों का व्यवस्थित समूह, जिससे वक्ता के कथन का अभीष्ट आशय अर्थ पूर्ण रूप से स्पष्ट होता है, वाक्य कहलाता है।

सही उत्तर है - ‘बघेली’।

• ‘अनूपपुर’ जिले में बोली जाने वाली प्रमुख बोली बघेली है।

Key Points

• बघेली :

बघेली या बाघेली, हिन्दी की एक बोली है जो भारत के बघेलखण्ड क्षेत्र में बोली जाती है। यह मध्य प्रदेश के रीवा, सतना, सीधी, सिंगरौली,

उमरिया,कटनी, एवं शहडोल,अनूपपुर में; उत्तर प्रदेश के प्रयागराज जिलों में तथा छत्तीसगढ़ के बिलासपुर एवं कोरिया जनपदों में

बोली जाती है।​

अन्य विकल्प :

• निमाड़ी :
• ​यह मध्य प्रदेश के निमाड़ क्षेत्र की बोली है। यह क्षेत्र मालवा के दक्षिण में से सटा समीवर्ती क्षेत्र है।

निमाड़ी भाषा गुजराती, मराठी, राजस्थानी, और हिंदी के मिश्रण से बनी है!

• बुंदेली :
• बुंदेली भारत के एक विशेष क्षेत्र बुन्देलखण्ड में बोली जाती है।

यह कहना बहुत कठिन है कि बुंदेली कितनी पुरानी बोली हैं लेकिन ठेठ बुंदेली के शब्द अनूठे हैं जो सदियों से आज तक प्रयोग में आ रहे हैं।

​बुंदेलखंडी के ढेरों शब्दों के अर्थ बंग्ला तथा मैथिली बोलने वाले आसानी से बता सकते हैं।

• मालवी :
• मालवी भारत के मालवा क्षेत्र की भाषा है। मालवा भारत भूमि के हृदय-स्थल के रूप में सुविख्यात है। मालवी पर भील भाषा का सर्वाधिक प्रभाव है।​

सही उत्तर है - ‘मध्यस्थ’।

• ‘Arbitrator’ का हिंदी पारिभाषिक शब्द ‘मध्यस्थ’ है।
• मध्यस्थ : बीच का।

Key Pointsअन्य विकल्प :

• ‘Nucleus’ का हिंदी पारिभाषिक शब्द ‘नाभिक’ और ‘केंद्रक’ है।
• ‘Conductor’ का हिंदी पारिभाषिक शब्द ‘संधारक’ है।

Additional Informationअन्य उदाहरण :

• ‘Representative’ का हिंदी पारिभाषिक शब्द ‘प्रतिनिधि’ है।
• ‘vested rights’ का हिंदी पारिभाषिक शब्द ‘निहित अधिकार’ है।

सही उत्तर है - ‘ईला’।

• ‘रँगीला’ शब्द में ‘ईला’ प्रत्यय है तथा ‘रंग’ मूल शब्द है।
• रँगीला = रंग + ईला।

Key Points

• ईला प���रत्यय वाले शब्द – रसीला, जहरीला, पथरीला, कंकरीला, हठीला, गँठीला, शर्मीला, सुरीला, नुकीला, बर्फीला, भड़कीला आदि।
• रँगीला का अर्थ : मनमौजी या रसिया।

Additional Informationप्रत्यय : जो शब्दांश शब्दों के अंत में जुड़कर उनके अर्थ में कुछ मतलब लाते हैं, वे प्रत्यय कहलाते हैं।

उदाहरण -

• डूबता, यहाँ ‘ता’ शब्द प्रत्यय हैं।
• चढ़ाव, यहाँ ‘आव’ शब्द प्रत्यय हैं।

उपसर्ग : शब्दांश या अव्यय जो किसी शब्द के पहले जुड़कर उसका विशेष अर्थ बनाते हैं, उपसर्ग कहलाते हैं।

उदाहरण :

• आहार, यहाँ ‘आ’ शब्द उपसर्ग हैं।
• उपहार, यहाँ ‘उप’ शब्द उपसर्ग हैं।

सही उत्तर है - ‘जाह्नवी’।

• गंगा का पर्यायवाची शब्द जाह्नवी होगा।
• गंगा के अन्य पर्यायवाची शब्द : भागीरथी, सुरसरिता, विष्णुपदी, विश्नुपगा, देवनदी, मन्दाकिनी, देवनदी, देवपगा आदि।

Key Pointsअन्य विकल्प :

• श्वेतांबर के पर्यायवाची शब्द : श्वेत वस्त्र, श्वेतांबर साधु आदि।
• धवल के पर्यायवाची शब्द : श्वेत, उजला, सफेद, निर्मल, स्वच्छ, साफ, मनोहर, सुन्दर, आकर्षक आदि।
• गोदावरी के पर्यायवाची शब्द : प्राणहिता, इन्द्रावती, मंजिरा आदि।

Additional Informationसमानार्थी शब्द:

• वे शब्द जिनका अर्थ एक समान होता हैं समानार्थी शब्द कहलाते हैं।
• समानर्थी शब्द को हम पर्यायवाची शब्द भी कहते है। ‘पर्याय’ का अर्थ है ‘समान’ तथा ‘वाची’ का अर्थ है ‘बो​ले जाने वाले’ अर्थात

समान बोले जाने वाले शब्दों को हम पर्यायवाची शब्द या समानार्थी शब्द कहते है।

पर्यायवाची शब्द के उदाहरण :

• जंगल - वन, कानन, बीहड़, विटप, विपिन।
• कंठ - गला, शिरोधरा, ग्रीवा, गर्दन।
• फर्क - भिन्नता, असमानता, भेद।
• धुन - लगन, झुकाव, लगाव, तरंग, लहर, मौज।

सही उत्तर है - ‘विकास’।

• ह्रास का विलोम विकास होगा।
• ह्रास का अर्थ : कमी।
• विकास का अर्थ : प्रगति।

Key Pointsअन्य विकल्प:

• प्रेरणा का विलोम : किसी को किसी कार्य में प्रवृत्त करने की क्रिया या भाव।
• रोदन का विलोम : हास्य
• व्यंग्य का अर्थ : ताना।

Additional Informationविलोम शब्द के उदाहरण:-

• अनय  – नय
• दुर्गति – सद्गति
• अल्पायु – दीर्घायु
• जटिल – सरल

सही उत्तर है - ‘ईसुरी’।

• मध्यप्रदेश से प्रकाशित साहित्यिक पत्रिका ईसुरी है।

Key Points

• प्रो. कांतिकुमार जैन द्वारा ‘ईसुरी’ पत्रिका का संपादन किया गया ‘ईसुरी’ रीतिकाल और आधुनिक काल के मध्यवर्ती समय में साहित्य रचना में सक्रिय थे
• इस पत्रिका में उन्हीं लोक कवि ‘ईसुरी’ के नाम पर बुंदेली लोक,साहित्य,संस्कृति तथा कला की विशेषताओं को समेटने का प्रयास रहा है।
• सन 1984 से अब तक इसके 19 अंक प्रकाशित हुए हैं। ‘ईसुरी’ पत्रिका को अंतरराष्ट्रीय ख्याति प्राप्त हुई है।

अन्य विकल्प :

• अनुकृति : अनुकृति एक त्रैमासिक पत्रिका है जिसकी संपादक ‘डॉ. जयश्री शर्मा’ हैं। इसका प्रकाशन राजस्थान से होता है।
• अन्यथा​ : अन्यथा एक त्रैमासिक पत्रिका है जिसकी संपादक ‘कृष्ण किशोर’ हैं। इसका प्रकाशन पंजाब से होता है।
• अकार : अकार पत्रिका का प्रकाशन उत्तर प्रदेश से होता है।

Additional Information

सही उत्तर है - “पश्चिमी हिंदी के अंतर्गत”।

• हरियाणी बोली पश्चिमी हिंदी के अंतर्गत आती है।

Key Points

• हरियाणवी उत्तर भारत में बोली जाने वाली भाषाओं का एक समूह है। इसे भाषा नहीं कहा जा सकता।

पश्चिमी हिंदी की पाँच प्रमुख बोलियाँ है -

• खड़ी बोली या कौरवी हरियाणवी या बाँगरू ब्रज, बुंदेली, और कन्नौजी।

इनमें से ब्रज आदिकाल से ही साहित्य की भाषा के रूप में प्रयुक्त होती रही है।

Additional Information अन्य विकल्प :

• पूर्वी हिंदी के अंतर्गत बोलियाँ- अवधी, बघेली और छत्तीसगढ़ी मानी जाती हैं।
• बिहारी समूह की प्रमुख भाषाओं में - मैथिली, भोजपुरी, मगही, अंगिका, बज्जिका, नागपुरी, खोरठा, पंचपरगनिया, कुरमाली इत्यादि भाषायें हैं।
• राजस्थानी उपभाषा को 6 बोलियों में विभाजित किया है- मारवाड़ी, मेवाती, जयपुरी, मालवी, नीमाड़ी तथा अहीरवाटी।

सही उत्तर है - ‘अज्ञ-यज्ञ’।

• ‘अज्ञ-यज्ञ’ विलोम शब्द-युग्म नहीं है।
• ‘अज्ञ’ का विलोम : विज्ञ।
• ‘यज्ञ’ का अर्थ : हवन पूजन युक्त एक वैदिक कृत्य।
• अन्य विकल्प सही विलोम शब्द-युग्म है।​

Key Pointsअन्य विकल्प :

• ग्रस्त का विलोम - मुक्त।
• ग्रस्त का अर्थ : पकड़ा हुआ।
• मुक्त का अर्थ : आज़ाद।
• गौण का विलोम : प्रधान।
• गौण का अर्थ : जो प्रधान न हो।
• प्रधान का अर्थ : मुख्य।
• कर्कश का विलोम : मृदु।
• कर्कश का अर्थ : कठोर।
• मृदु का अर्थ : कोमल।

Additional Informationअन्य विलोम शब्द :

• कृतज्ञ - कृतघ्न
• तुच्छ - महान्
• प्रगतिशील - प्रतिगामी
• देव - दानव

सही उत्तर है - “छात्राओं को पढ़ना चाहिए।”

• “छात्राओं को पढ़ना चाहिए।” यह शुद्ध वाक्य है।

Key Pointsअन्य विकल्प :

• अशुद्ध वाक्य : इस बार लंका भारत से नहीं जीत पाएँगे।

शुद्ध वाक्य : इस बार श्रीलंका भारत से नहीं जीत पाएगी।

• अशुद्ध वाक्य : माताजी रेलगाड़ी में आया है।

शुद्ध वाक्य : माताजी रेलगाड़ी से आई हैं।

• अशुद्ध वाक्य : सतीश को दही अच्छी लगती है।

शुद्ध वाक्य : सतीश को दही अच्छा लगता है।

Additional Informationवाक्य शुद्धि :

• वाक्य भाषा की अत्यंत महत्वपूर्ण इकाई है। इसलिए यह लिखने या बोलने के समय यह ध्यान रखना चाहिए कि वह स्पष्ट और व्याकरणिक द्रष्टि से शुद्ध हो,

वाक्यों के विभिन्न अंग यथास्थान होने चाहिए।

सही उत्तर है - ‘अनिष्ट’।

• ‘अनिष्ट’ शुद्ध वर्तनी वाला शब्द है।
• अन्य विकल्प सही नहीं है।

Key Points

• अनिष्ट का अर्थ : अवांछित या अशुभ।
• वाक्य : अनिष्ट व्यक्ति पूजा पाठ कैसे कर सकता है।

अन्य विकल्प :

• आधीन गलत वर्तनी शब्द है शुद्ध शब्द अधीन होगा।
• अभ्यस्थ गलत वर्तनी शब्द है शुद्ध शब्द अभ्यस्त होगा।
• अद्वितिय गलत वर्तनी शब्द है शुद्ध शब्द अद्वितीय होगा।

Additional Informationवर्तनी:- 

• ​लिखने की रीति को वर्तनी कहते हैं।
• ‘वर्तनी’ शब्द का अर्थ ‘पीछे चलना’ है। अर्थात उच्चारित होने वाले शब्द के लेखन में प्रयोग होने वाले लिपि चिह्नों के व्यवस्थित रूप को वर्तनी कहा जाता है।

शुद्ध अशुद्ध वर्तनी उदाहरण :

सही उत्तर है - ‘जन-जन’।

• ‘जन-जन’ समोच्चरित भिन्नार्थक शब्द-युग्म नहीं है।
• जन का अर्थ : लोग।
• अन्य सभी समोच्चरित भिन्नार्थक शब्द हैं।

Key Pointsअन्य विकल्प :

• अपकार- बुराई।

उपकार- सहायता।

• अनल- अग्नि।

अनिल- हवा।

• अर्क- प्रकाश।

अरक- आरागज।

Additional Information

• समोच्चरित भिन्नार्थक शब्द - वे बोलचाल में लगभग एक जैसे लगते हैं, परन्तु उनके अर्थ में भिन्नता होती है। ऐसे शब्द ‘समोच्चरित भिन्नार्थक शब्द’ कहलाते हैं।

जैसे- घन और धन दोनों के उच्चारण में कोई खास अन्तर महसूस नहीं होता परन्तु अर्थ में भिन्नता है।

अन्य उदाहरण :

• अवधि - अवधी
• ग्रह - गृह
• जलद - जलज
• निश्छल - निश्चल

Given:

6, 12, 36, 144, 722, 4320, 30240

Concept Used:

The number series is a grouping of the number that follows a certain logic

Calculations:

The series is 

⇒ 6, 12, 36, 144, 722, 4320, 30240

here, the Second term can be obtained by 

⇒ 6 \(\times\) 2 \(=\) 12

similarly, the third term can be obtained by 

⇒ 12 \(\times\) 3 \(=\) 36

So, The series follows the rule

multiplying the number by n + 1 

so, For 5 term 

⇒ 144 \(\times\) 5 \(=\) 720

Hence, 722 is wrong in the series.

Given:

Ram can do a work in 20 days. Ram and Shyam together do the same work in 15 days. They are paid Rs. 400 for that work.

Formula used:

If A and B alone can finish a work in x and y days, respectively, then the number of days they together take to finish the work is \(\frac{xy}{x+y}\)

Calculation:

Let Shyam finish the work in x days, alone.

Then, \(15=\frac{20x}{20+x}\)

Solving for x,

\(x=\frac{15\times 20}{5}=60\)

This means that the ratio of the amount paid to Ram to the amount paid to Shyam is 3:1

∴ Ram will get Rs 300 and Shyam will get Rs. 100.

Given:

The quadratic equation y2 + 4y + 4 = 0

Concept used: 

x = [-b (+-)√(b2 - 4ac)]/(2a)

Once in standard form, identify a, b and c from the original equation and plug them into the quadratic formula.

Calculations:

According to the question,

y2 + 4y + 4 = 0

a = 1, b = 4, c = 4

⇒ x = (-4 +-√(42 - 4 × 1 × 4))/(2 × 1)

⇒ x = (-4 +-√(16 - 16))/(2)

⇒ x = (-4 +-√0)/(2)

⇒ x = (-4 +-(0))/2

Separating the equation

x = (-4 + 0)/2,  x = (-4 - 0)/2

x = -4/2,  x = -4/2

x = -2,  x = -2

∴ The roots of the quadratic equation are (-2) and (-2).

Shortcut Trick

Let Perimeter = Circumference = C.

Area of Equilateral Triangle = (Perimeter²) ÷ (12√3) = C² ÷ (12√3).

Area of Circle = (Circumference²) ÷ (4π) = C² ÷ (4π).

Ratio (Triangle : Circle) = (1 ÷ 12√3) : (1 ÷ 4π) = 4π : 12√3 = π : 3√3.

Substituting π = 22/7 ⇒ (22/7) : 3√3 = 22 : 21√3.

∴ The correct answer is 22 : 21√3.

Alternate Method

Given:

Perimeter of Equilateral Triangle = Circumference of Circle

⇒ 3a = 2πr

⇒ a = (2πr) ÷ 3

Formula Used:

Area of Equilateral Triangle (A₁) = (√3 ÷ 4) × a²

Area of Circle (A₂) = πr²

Calculations:

⇒ A₁ = (√3 ÷ 4) × [(2πr) ÷ 3]²

⇒ A₁ = (√3 ÷ 4) × (4π²r² ÷ 9) = (√3π²r²) ÷ 9

⇒ Ratio A₁ : A₂ = [(√3π²r²) ÷ 9] : [πr²]

⇒ Ratio = (√3π) ÷ 9 : 1 = √3π : 9

⇒ Ratio = √3 × (22 ÷ 7) : 9

⇒ Ratio = 22√3 : 63

⇒ Divide both sides by √3: 22 : (63 ÷ √3) = 22 : 21√3

∴ The correct answer is 22 : 21√3.

Additional Information

Equilateral Triangle Properties

All sides are equal, each angle is 60°, and height h = (√3 ÷ 2) × a.

Circle Mensuration

For a circle of radius r, Diameter = 2r, Circumference = 2πr, and Area = πr².

Area Comparison

For a fixed perimeter, a circle encloses the maximum area compared to any polygon.