MP Forest Guard/Jail Prahari: (04 June 2026, Shift 1) Memory-Based Paper (Previous Year Paper)

The correct answer is Jain.

Key Points

• According to the Census 2011 of India, the Jain community recorded the highest literacy rate among all the religious communities.
• The overall literacy rate for the Jain community was 94.88%, which is significantly higher than the national average.
• Among Jains, both males and females had high literacy rates, with males at 97.4% and females at 92.1%.
• The Jain community has always placed a strong emphasis on education and learning, contributing to their high literacy rates.

Additional Information

• Census 2011 of India
• The Census 2011 was the 15th National Census of India conducted by the Office of the Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India under the Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India.
• It was conducted in two phases: the house listing and housing census phase and the population enumeration phase.
• The Census provides comprehensive data on various demographic parameters such as population size, distribution, socio-economic conditions, literacy rates, and religious affiliations.
• The data collected helps in formulating policies, planning, and implementing various programs at the central and state levels.
• Literacy Rate
• Literacy rate is defined as the percentage of people aged seven years and above who can read and write with understanding in any language.
• It is a crucial indicator of the educational status of a population and is used to measure the success of educational policies and programs.
• Higher literacy rates are generally associated with better socio-economic development, improved health outcomes, and increased opportunities for individuals.
• Religious Communities in India
• India is a diverse country with a multitude of religious communities including Hindus, Muslims, Christians, Sikhs, Buddhists, Jains, and others.
• Each religious community has its own unique cultural, social, and educational practices and traditions.
• The Constitution of India ensures freedom of religion and provides for the protection and promotion of the rights of all religious communities.

'ऐसी - तैसी करना' मुहावरे के अर्थ को सर्वश्रेष्ठ रूप से व्यक्त करता है - बुरी दुर्दशा करना

Key Points

• 'ऐसी - तैसी करना' का अर्थ - बुरी दुर्दशा करना, वाक्य प्रयोग - ​दोबारा मेरे सामने बदतमीजी की तो तुम्हारी "ऐसी की तैसी कर दूंगा"।
• मुहावरा - ऐसे वाक्यांश, जो सामान्य अर्थ का बोध न कराकर किसी विलक्षण अर्थ को प्रकट करते है, उसे मुहावरा कहते है।
• उदाहरण के लिए - 'अंगारे बरसना' का अर्थ - कड़ी धूप होना, वाक्य प्रयोग - आज बाहर जाकर देखा तो पता चला की "अंगारे बरस रहे है"।

Important Points 

Additional Information 

Here the correct answer is Disordered.

Key Points

• The most appropriate synonym of the word "turbulent" is option 4) Disordered.
• The word "turbulent" refers to a state of unrest or disorder. It is often used to describe situations or conditions that are characterized by chaos, instability, or upheaval.
• For example, a turbulent ocean has large waves and strong currents that can make it difficult to navigate. Similarly, a turbulent period in history might be marked by political unrest, social upheaval, and economic instability.
• The term "disordered" refers to something that is lacking order or arrangement, or is chaotic or confused. It implies a state of disruption or disturbance, where things are not functioning as they should.
• For example, a disordered room might have items scattered everywhere with no clear organization, making it difficult to find anything.
• Thus, the correct answer is Option 4.

Additional Information

• Option 1) Patterned is not a synonym of turbulent because it means something that has a repeated or regular pattern.
• For example, a patterned carpet has a repeating design that is regular and predictable.
• Option 2) Capitalised means to take the chance to gain advantage from.
• For example, Do they have what it takes to capitalise on this emerging opportunity?
• Option 3) Restricted is not a synonym of turbulent because it means something that is limited or constrained.
• For example, a restricted area is a place where access is limited or controlled, such as a military base or a private property.
• Therefore, option 4) Disordered is the most appropriate synonym of the word "turbulent," as it implies a state of chaos or disorder, similar to the meaning of "turbulent."

Shortcut Trick

Profit Ratio A : B = 2 : 1

Capital Ratio A : B = 3200 : 2800 = 8 : 7

Time Ratio = (Profit / Capital) Ratio = (2/8) : (1/7)

Time Ratio = (1/4) : (1/7) = 7 : 4

∴ The correct answer is 7 : 4.

Alternate Method

Given:

Profit of A (P_A) = 2 × Profit of B (P_B)

Investment of A (C_A) = ₹3200

Investment of B (C_B) = ₹2800

Formula Used:

Profit Ratio = (Capital_A × Time_A) : (Capital_B × Time_B)

Partner A Cap: ₹3200 Time: T_A Profit: 2 Units

Partner B Cap: ₹2800 Time: T_B Profit: 1 Unit

Ratio of Time (T_A : T_B) = ?

Calculations:

⇒ P_A / P_B = (C_A × T_A) / (C_B × T_B)

⇒ 2 / 1 = (3200 × T_A) / (2800 × T_B)

⇒ 2 / 1 = (8 × T_A) / (7 × T_B)

⇒ 2 × 7 = 8 × (T_A / T_B)

⇒ 14 = 8 × (T_A / T_B)

⇒ T_A / T_B = 14 / 8

⇒ T_A / T_B = 7 / 4

∴ The correct answer is 7 : 4.

Additional Information

Partnership Profit Distribution

In a partnership, the profit is shared among the partners in the ratio of the product of their investments and the time period for which they invested. Profit = Capital × Time.

Ratio of Investment and Time

If the profit ratio and investment ratio are known, the time ratio can be calculated as T₁ : T₂ = (P₁ / C₁) : (P₂ / C₂).

Simple vs Compound Partnership

A simple partnership involves investment for the same duration, while a compound partnership involves different capitals for different time periods.

The correct answer is ​Moon's lower gravitational force.

Key Points

• Weight refers to the force exerted on a body by gravity while Mass refers to the amount of matter in a substance.
• The Earth's Moon has considerably less mass than the Earth itself.
• Not only is the Moon smaller than the Earth, but it is only about 60 per cent as dense as Earth.
• Thus, the gravitational attraction on the Moon is only one-sixth that of the Earth. Hence option 3 is the correct answer.
• As the force gravity exerts on a person determines the weight of a person.
• A person's weight is generally one-sixth of their weight on Earth.
• One thing to note here is that it is only the value of weight that changes from Earth to the moon, while the mass remains the same.

The correct answer is 34 km.

Key Points

• On 16th April 1853, the first passenger train ran between Bori Bunder (Bombay) and Thane.
• The first railway steamed off in India from Mumbai to Thane in 1853 covering a total distance of 34 km.
• It was operated by three locomotives, named Sahib, Sultan, and Sindh, and had thirteen carriages.

Additional Information

• The project was undertaken by Great Indian Peninsula (GIP) Railway company. The test run was done on 18th November 1852.
• The idea of laying a railway line between Mumbai & Thane and thereafter up to Kalyan and Bhor Ghat was conceived by George Clark in 1843.
• Sir Jamsetjee Jeejeebhoy, Nana Shankarseth were the part of the committee and gave concrete shape to the plan.
• The fares from Mumbai to Thane in 1853 were Re. 2 and annas 10 for the first class, Re. 1 and anna 1 for the second class, and annas 5 and 3 pice for the third class.
• 10,000 men worked on the project and 10,000 pounds had been spent to lay the railway line.

शरोबर में कमल के पुष्प खिले हैं, अशुद्ध वाक्य है।

Key Points

• अशुद्ध वाक्य- शरोबर में कमल के पुष्प खिले हैं।
• शुद्ध वाक्य- सरोवर में कमल के पुष्प खिले हैं।
• वाक्य में लिंग, वचन, पुरुष, काल, कारक आदि का क्रिया के साथ ठीक ठीक मेल हो, उसे शुद्ध वाक्य कहते है।
• वर्तनी - किसी शब्द में आये हुए अक्षरों को मात्राओं सहित कहने या लिखने की रीति को वर्तनी कहते हैं।
• अन्य विकल्प में शुद्ध वाक्य दिए गए है।

Additional Informationवर्तनी संबंधी अशुद्धियाँ - 

The correct answer is: Irritate.

Key Points

• The word "Annoy" means to cause someone to feel slightly angry or irritated. (परेशान करना)
• Example: The loud music from the neighbour's house began to annoy her.
• "Irritate" refers to making someone feel annoyed or impatient. (चिढ़ाना)
• Example: The constant buzzing of the mosquito in the room irritated him.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Option 1.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Please (कृपया करना): To make someone happy or satisfied.
• Example: She always tries to please her parents with her good behaviour.
• Gratify (संतुष्ट करना): To give pleasure or satisfaction.
• Example: The praise he received gratified him immensely.
• Satisfy (संतुष्ट करना): To meet the expectations or needs of someone.
• Example: The meal was enough to satisfy all the guests.

Shortcut Trick

Net annual growth rate = Birth rate − Death rate = 9% − 7% = 2%.

Effective growth for 2 years using successive formula (x + y + xy/100) = 2 + 2 + (2 × 2)/100 = 4.04%.

Final Population = 2,25,000 × (100 + 4.04)% = 2,25,000 × 1.0404 = 2,34,090.

∴ The correct answer is 234090.

Alternate Method

Given:

Initial population (P) = 2,25,000

Annual Birth Rate = 9%

Annual Death Rate = 7%

Time (n) = 2 years

Formula Used:

Net Rate (R) = Birth Rate − Death Rate

Final Population = P × (1 + R/100)ⁿ

⇒ Net Rate of growth (R) = 9% − 7% = 2% per annum

⇒ Population after 1st year = 2,25,000 × (1 + 2/100) = 2,25,000 × 1.02 = 2,29,500

⇒ Population after 2nd year = 2,29,500 × (1 + 2/100) = 2,29,500 × 1.02

⇒ Final Population = 2,34,090

∴ The correct answer is 234090.

Additional Information

Net Growth Rate

When both birth and death rates are given, the net annual growth is calculated by subtracting the death rate from the birth rate.

Population Change Formula

The population after 'n' years is given by P_n = P(1 ± R/100)ⁿ, where P is initial population and R is rate of change.

Successive Percentage Change

If a value changes by x% and then y%, the effective percentage change is (x + y + xy/100)%.

Option 1 is the correct answer.

Important Points

• When growing plants detect light, a hormone called auxin, synthesized at the shoot tip, helps the cells to grow longer. So, option 1 is correct.
• When light is coming from one side of the plant, auxin diffuses towards the shady side of the shoot.
• This concentration of auxin stimulates the cells to grow longer on the side of the shoot which is away from light.
• Thus, the plant appears to bend towards the light.

Additional Information

• Other such plant hormones (that help in promoting growth) are cytokinin (promote cell division), gibberellins (help stems grow).
• But plants also need signals to stop growing.
• Abscisic acid is one example of a hormone that inhibits growth. Its effects include wilting of leaves.

दो घोड़ों पर सवार होने रेखांकित अंश के ल‍िए उपयुक्‍त शब्‍द "दुरंगी नीति" है। अन्‍य व‍िकल्‍प असंगत हैं। 

Key Points

• वाक्‍य-  दो घोड़ों पर सवार होने से तुम सफल नहीं रहोगे।
• वाक्‍य में रेखांकित अंश के ल‍िए सर्वाधिक उपयुक्‍त शब्‍द दुरंगी नीति है।
• दुरंगी नीति का अर्थ- दो तरह का अर्थात् कभी इस पक्ष के अनुकूल और कभी उस पक्ष के अनुकूल।

Important Points  कुछ महत्‍वपूर्ण मुहावरे- 

Additional Information 

The solution is Examine.

Key Points

• The most appropriate synonym of the given word "Investigate" is Examine.
• Investigate - Carry out a systematic or formal inquiry to discover and examine the facts of an incident, allegation, etc. so as to establish the truth. 
• ​For example: "The police investigated the murder for one month."
• Examine - Inspect someone or something thoroughly in order to determine its nature or condition.​
• For example: "The doctors examined the body."
• Therefore option 1 is the correct option.

Additional Information

• Let's discuss information about other options:-
• Relate - Make or show a connection between.
• For example: "They all are related to each other."
• Calculate - Determine the amount or number of something mathematically.
• For example: "Sam created a calculated program to run a game."
• Supervise - Observe and direct the execution of a task or activity.
• For example: "The teachers supervised during the exams."

Given:

Time taken by Nirmal to complete the project = 45 days

Amit is 25% more efficient than Nirmal

Formula Used:

Efficiency and Time are inversely proportional.

Calculation:

Let the efficiency of Nirmal be 100 units.

Then, efficiency of Amit = 100 + 25 = 125 units

Since Efficiency ∝ 1/Time, we have:

Time taken by Amit = (Efficiency of Nirmal / Efficiency of Amit) × Time taken by Nirmal

⇒ Time taken by Amit = (100 / 125) × 45

⇒ Time taken by Amit = (4 / 5) × 45

⇒ Time taken by Amit = 36 days

Amit will take 36 days to complete the same work.

• Latin name for Gold is called Aurum.
• Latin name for sliver is Argentum.
• Latin name for Copper is Cuprum.
• There is no Latin name for Bronze as its mixture of Copper and Tin (stannum).

The correct answer is Kolkata.

Key Points

• Victoria Memorial is located in Kolkata, West Bengal.
• Victoria Memorial is one of the famous monuments in India.
• It was built between 1906 and 1921.
• It was conceptualized by the then Viceroy George Curzon.
• The Prince of Wales, King George V, laid the foundation stone in 1906 and it was formally opened to the public in 1921.
• Victoria Memorial was built to commemorate Queen Victoria's 25-year reign in India.
• The British parliament made Victoria the Empress of India in 1876.
• Her reign ended with her death in 1901.
• The memorial was made from Makrana marbles from Rajasthan.
• William Emerson, the then president of the Royal Institute of British Architects was the chief architect of the Victoria memorial.

उसे पूरा विश्वास है कि वह अपने काम में सफल हो जाएगा वाक्य मे वाक्य भेद का सही विकल्प मिश्र वाक्य होगा। 

• ऐसे वाक्य जिनमें सरल वाक्य के साथ-साथ कोई दूसरा उपवाक्य भी हो, वे वाक्य मिश्र वाक्य कहलाते हैं।

Key Pointsअन्य विकल्पों का विश्लेषण -

 Additional Informationअर्थ के आधार पर वाक्य के आठ भेद होते है -

• विधानवाचक वाक्य, निषेधात्मक वाक्य, प्रश्नवाचकवाक्य, विस्मयादिबोधक वाक्य, आज्ञा वाचक, इच्छावाचक, संदेह वाचक, संकेत वाचक वाक्य।

आज्ञा वाचक - ऐसे वाक्य जिसमे आज्ञा या कोई सलाह देने का सूचना हो, उसे आज्ञा वाचक वाक्य कहते है।

उदाहरण - अपने माँ बाप का कहा मानो।

The correct answer is 'Delicate.'

Key Points     

• Let us see the meaning of Sturdy:
• Sturdy: strong and healthy; that will not break easily. (हृष्‍ट-पुष्‍ट और स्‍वस्‍थ; जल्‍दी न टूटने वाला, मज़बूत, दृढ़)
• Let us see the meanings of the given options:
• Delicate: easy to damage or break. (नाज़ुक, आसानी से टूट जाने वाला)
• Dragging: extremely tired or slow. (अत्यधिक थका हुआ या धीमा)
• Tiny: very small. (बहुत छोटा; नन्‍हा)
• Drab: not interesting or attractive. (अनाकर्षक, फीका, बेचमक, नीरस)
• From the meanings of the given words, we can say that word "Delicate" is the most appropriate ANTONYM of the given word "Sturdy."
• Hence, the correct answer is Option 1.

Given:

Rate of interest =  6%

The principal will be  increased its value by 40%

Formula used:

Simple interest = P × R × T / 100 [ P = principal, R = rate of interest, T = time]

Calculation:

Let,T = time and principal (P) = 100 

The simple interest got by the person is 40

As per the formula,

40 = 100 × 6 × T / 100

⇒ T = 40 /6

⇒ 20/3years = (6\frac{2}{3}) years

∴ The correct option is 1

The correct answer is Sodium

Key Points 

• Blood pressure is a lifestyle disease in which the force of the blood against the artery walls is too high, It leads to even heart-related problems.
• It is discovered that fruits especially citrus fruits have proven to lower BP as they are rich in various minerals and vitamins.
• It is also found that vegetables such as spinach, broccoli, carrots, and low-fat dairy products such as cheese and yogurt lower the BP when consumed regularly over a period of time.
• Foods rich in Omega 3 fatty acids like different kinds of fish are proven to lower BP.

Additional Information 

• The BP is measured using the instrument named Sphygmomanometer.
• The most obvious reason for elevated levels of BP is eating high Sodium, carbohydrate and fat-rich products, red meat, eggs, deep fried, and spicy food.

The correct answer is Assam.

Key Points

• Assam is home to the famous one-horned rhinoceros and is known for its rich biodiversity, especially in protected areas such as Kaziranga National Park and Manas National Park.
• The wildlife exchange pact signed in January 2026 aims to promote conservation efforts and enhance the genetic diversity of species in Madhya Pradesh.
• One-horned rhinos and water buffaloes are flagship species of Assam, with the state taking significant steps for their conservation through anti-poaching measures and habitat protection.
• The translocation of these species to Madhya Pradesh aligns with India’s commitment to wildlife conservation and the reintroduction of species to suitable habitats.
• This move is part of a broader effort to restore ecosystems and promote the growth of endangered species in regions where they were historically found.

Additional Information

• One-horned rhinoceros:
• The Indian rhinoceros (Rhinoceros unicornis), also known as the one-horned rhinoceros, is listed as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List.
• India is home to more than 2,600 one-horned rhinos, with Assam’s Kaziranga National Park hosting the majority of the population.
• These rhinos were once widely distributed across the northern Indian subcontinent but are now restricted to a few protected areas.
• They are herbivores, feeding on grasses, leaves, and aquatic plants, and play a crucial role in maintaining the ecosystem of their habitats.
• Water buffalo:
• The wild water buffalo (Bubalus arnee) is also classified as Endangered on the IUCN Red List, with a significant population in Assam.
• They are known for their importance in agriculture as well as their ability to survive in swampy and grassland areas.
• Assam’s Manas National Park is a critical habitat for wild water buffaloes, ensuring their protection and survival.
• Conservation in Assam:
• Assam has several protected areas, including Kaziranga National Park, Manas National Park, and Orang National Park, which are essential for the conservation of one-horned rhinos, water buffaloes, and other species.
• Anti-poaching measures, eco-tourism, and community involvement have been instrumental in protecting wildlife in the region.
• Madhya Pradesh’s biodiversity:
• Madhya Pradesh is often referred to as the “Tiger State” of India, with a large number of tiger reserves such as Kanha, Bandhavgarh, and Pench.
• It has a wide variety of flora and fauna, and the introduction of rhinos and water buffaloes will further enhance the state’s biodiversity.
• This initiative will support the development of new ecosystems, ensuring balance and sustainability.
• Wildlife translocation projects in India:
• India has successfully conducted wildlife translocation projects in the past, such as the reintroduction of tigers in Panna National Park and cheetahs in Kuno National Park.
• These efforts are part of India’s broader wildlife conservation strategy to ensure the survival of endangered species and restore ecological balance.

‘तिमिर' का पर्यायवाची शब्द "अंधेरा" है।

• तिमिर के अन्य पर्यायवाची शब्द ----> , तम, अंधकार, तमिस्त्रा  आदि।

Key Pointsअन्य विकल्प:

• रसिक शब्द के पर्यायवाची ------> अलबेला , बाँका , छैला , रंगीला , रसिया , लुभावना , सुहावना , मनोहर आदि।
• पर्वत शब्द के पर्यायवाची  ------>पहाड़, गिरी, अचल, नग, भूधर, महीधर, शैल, नगपति, शिखर, अद्री, तुंग, धरणीधर आदि।
• भक्ति शब्द के पर्यायवाची -----> भाव रखना , भाव रखना , अदब करना , श्रद्धा रखना , पूजा सम्मान करना , आदर करना , इज्जत करना आदि।

Additional Informationपर्यायवाची शब्द:

जो शब्द समान अर्थ के कारण किसी दूसरे शब्द की जगह ले लेते हैं उन्हें पर्यायवाची शब्द कहते हैं।

या समान अर्थ प्रदान करने वाले शब्द पर्यायवाची शब्द अथवा समानार्थक शब्द कहलाते हैं।

सामान्य अर्थ में ऐसे शब्द जिनके अर्थ समान हों, पर्यायवाची शब्द कहलाते हैं।

उदाहरण: 

• **आदर्श ----**प्रतिमान, मानक, प्रतिरूप ,नमूना।
• ईर्ष्या ---- स्पर्धा, मत्सर, डाह‌, जलन, कुढ़न।
• उत्पत्ति ----- उद्भव, जन्म, जनन, आविर्भाव ।
• एकांत ---- निर्जन सुनसान शून्य।
• कपूर ---- घनसार, हिमवालुका।
• कंठ ---- गला, शिरोधरा, ग्रीवा, गर्दन।
• कनक ---- कंचन, सुवर्ण, हिरण्य, हेम, हाटक, सोना, स्वर्ण।
• उपदेश ---- दीक्षा, नसीहत, सीख, शिक्षा, निर्देशन।
• इजाजत ---- स्वीकृति, मंजूरी, अनुमति।

The correct answer is: Extempore.

Key Points

• The word "Extempore" means a speech or performance done without any preparation. (बिना पूर्व तैयारी के भाषण या प्रदर्शन)
• ​"Extempore" is used to describe something that is spoken or done without preparation.
• Example: She gave an impressive extempore speech at the event.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Option 2.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Debate (वाद-विवाद): A formal discussion on a particular topic.
• Example: The students participated in a lively debate about environmental issues.
• Lecture (व्याख्यान): An educational talk to an audience.
• Example: The professor gave a lecture on quantum physics.
• Rambling (बेतरतीब): Talking or writing in a confused or inconsequential way.
• Example: His rambling speech confused the audience.

Given : 

2P = 3Q

5Q = 4R

Calculation : 

By going through ratio method,

⇒ P : Q = 3 : 2

⇒ Q : R = 4 : 5

Now by making Q same both the side,

⇒ P : Q = 6 : 4, Q : R = 4 : 5

⇒ P : Q : R = 6 : 4 : 5

∴ The correct answer is 6 : 4 : 5.

The correct answer is Radon.

Key Points

• Radon is a chemical element with the symbol Rn and atomic number 86.
• It is a radioactive, colorless, odorless, tasteless Noble gas.
• It occurs naturally in minute quantities as an intermediate step in the normal radioactive decay chains through which thorium and uranium slowly decay into lead and various other short-lived radioactive elements; radon itself is the immediate decay product of radium.
• Radon has been produced commercially for use in radiation therapy, but for the most part, has been replaced by radionuclides made in accelerators and nuclear reactor.
• Radon has been used in implantable seeds, made of gold or glass, primarily used to treat cancers.

The correct answer is science and technology.

Key Points

• Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar award is given for outstanding contributions to the field of science and technology
• Shanti Swaroop Bhatnagar was an Indian colloid chemist.
• He was the first director-general of the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR).
• He is popularly called the "father of research laboratories" in India.
• It was first awarded in 1958.
• It is awarded annually by the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research.
• It is awarded for outstanding contributions in the following disciplines:
• Biological Sciences
• Chemical Sciences,
• Earth, Atmosphere, Ocean and Planetary Sciences
• Engineering Sciences,
• Mathematical Sciences,
• Medical Sciences
• Physical Sciences.
• 14 scientists were honored with the Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize 2020.

शुद्ध वाक्य होगा - साहब ने कहा है कि, किसी को अन्दर न जाने दिया जाए। 

Key Points

• शुद्ध वाक्य - साहब ने कहा है कि, किसी को अन्दर न जाने दिया जाए।
• वाक्य में लिंग, वचन, पुरुष, काल, कारक आदि का क्रिया के साथ ठीक-ठीक मेल हो, उसे शुद्ध वाक्य कहते है।

अन्यविकल्प -

Additional Information 

विशेषण, पुनरुक्ति व विराम चिह्न संबंधी अशुद्धियाँ-

The correct answer is: Nonconformist.

Key Points

• The word "Nonconformist" refers to someone who does not follow established customs, attitudes, or ideas. (परंपरावादी नहीं)
• Example: As a nonconformist, she always challenged the traditional ways of doing things.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Option 1.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Illegitimate (अवैध): Not authorized by the law; not in accordance with accepted standards or rules.
• Example: The company faced fines for its illegitimate business practices.
• Tyrant (तानाशाह): A cruel and oppressive ruler.
• Example: The tyrant ruled the country with an iron fist.
• Vampire (पिशाच): A mythical being that subsists by feeding on the vital essence (generally in the form of blood) of the living.
• Example: The legend of the vampire has been popular in literature and movies.

Given:

Raj's work completion time = 20 days

Pratap's work completion time = 1/2 × Raj's time = 10 days

Part of the work to be completed together = 3/5

Formula used:

Time = Work / Combined work rate

Calculation:

LCM of 10, 20 is 20.

Raj's work rate = 20/20 = 1

Pratap's work rate =20/10 = 2

To calculate the number of days required to complete 3/5 of the total work

(20 × 3/5)/3

12/3

4

Therefore, both Raj and Pratap together will complete 3/5 of the total work in 4 days.

• Ligament is the connective tissue which connects bone to bone.
• Tendon connects muscle to bone and fasciae connects muscle to muscle.
• Cartilage Smoothen bone surface at joints.

The correct answer is Bengaluru.

Key Points

• Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL) is an Indian state-owned aerospace and defense company headquartered in Bengaluru, India. It is controlled by the Indian Ministry of Defense.
• The government-owned corporation is mainly engaged in aerospace operations and is currently involved in the design, manufacture, and assembly of aircraft, jet engines, helicopters, and their spare parts.
• It has many facilities in India, including Bengaluru, Nasik, Korwa, Kanpur, Koraput, Lucknow, Hyderabad, Barrackpore, and Kasaragod.
• The HAL HF-24 Marut fighter-bomber was the first fighter aircraft to be manufactured in India.

Important Points

• On 23 December 1940, HAL was founded as Hindustan Aircraft Limited in Bangalore by Walchand Hirachand, who became chairman of the company.
• Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL) was formed on 1 October 1964, when Hindustan Aircraft Limited joined the consortium formed in June by IAF Aircraft Manufacturing Depot, Kanpur (at the time of production of HS748 under license) and the group recently established under license to manufacture MiG-21, with its new factories planned for Koraput, Nasik, and Hyderabad.
• The company's office was opened in a bungalow named "Eventide" on Domlur Lane. One of the largest aerospace companies in Asia, HAL has an annual turnover of more than US$ 2 billion.

सही विकल्प कन्धा है। 

Key Points

• 'स्कन्ध' का तद्भव रूप कन्धा है।
• अन्य विकल्प अनुचित हैं।

Additional Information

The correct answer is: Option 4.

Key Points

• The word "Epitaph" refers to an inscription on a tombstone in memory of the person buried there. (समाधिलेख)
• Example: The epitaph on his grave reads, "Beloved father and husband, forever in our hearts."
• Hence, we can infer that the correct word for an inscription on a person's grave is "Epitaph".

Therefore, the correct answer is: Epitaph.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Monograph (एकविषयक पुस्तक): A detailed written study of a single specialized subject or an aspect of it.
• Example: She wrote a monograph on the effects of climate change on polar bears.
• Epistle (पत्र): A letter, especially a formal or didactic one.
• Example: The Apostle Paul wrote many epistles to early Christian communities.
• Prologue (प्रस्तावना): A separate introductory section of a literary or musical work.
• Example: The prologue of the book sets the scene for the main story.

Shortcut Trick

When the Selling Price (SP) is the same for two articles, the ratio of their Cost Prices (CP) is inversely proportional to their Selling Price percentages (100 ± Profit/Loss%).

SP percentage for A = 100 + 10 = 110%

SP percentage for B = 100 − 25 = 75%

Ratio of CP_A : CP_B = 75 : 110 = 15 : 22

∴ The correct answer is 15 : 22.

Alternate Method

Given:

Selling Price (SP) of watch A and watch B = ₹5,400

Profit percentage for A = 10%

Loss percentage for B = 25%

Formula Used:

Cost Price (CP) = [SP × 100] ÷ (100 ± Profit/Loss %)

Calculations:

⇒ Cost Price of watch A (CP_A) = (5400 × 100) ÷ (100 + 10)

⇒ CP_A = 540000 ÷ 110 = 54000 ÷ 11

⇒ Cost Price of watch B (CP_B) = (5400 × 100) ÷ (100 − 25)

⇒ CP_B = 540000 ÷ 75 = 7200

⇒ Ratio of CP_A to CP_B = (54000 ÷ 11) : 7200

⇒ Ratio = (540 ÷ 11) : 72

⇒ Ratio = 540 : (72 × 11)

⇒ Ratio = 540 : 792

⇒ Dividing both sides by 36: 15 : 22

∴ The correct answer is 15 : 22.

Additional Information

Cost Price and Selling Price Relation

If an article is sold at a profit of P%, then SP = CP × (100 + P)/100. If sold at a loss of L%, then SP = CP × (100 − L)/100.

Constant Selling Price Rule

When the Selling Price of two items is the same, the ratio of their Cost Prices is the inverse ratio of their respective multiplying factors (1 + g/100) or (1 − l/100).

Profit and Loss Percentage

Profit% = (Profit ÷ CP) × 100 and Loss% = (Loss ÷ CP) × 100. Both are always calculated on the Cost Price unless stated otherwise.

The correct answer is Boyle’s Law.

• According to Boyle’s Law at a constant temperature, the volume of a gas is inversely proportional to pressure.

Key Points

• Boyle’s Law
• At constant temperature, the volume of a definite mass of a gas is inversely proportional to the pressure.
• P. V = constant

Additional Information

• Charles’ Law:
• At constant pressure, the volume of a fixed mass of a gas is directly proportional to its absolute temperature.
• (V ∝T)
• Gay-Lussac’s Law
• At constant volume, the pressure of a given mass of a gas is directly proportional to the temperature in Kelvin.
• (P∝{T})
• Graham’s Law of Diffusion
• According to this law, the rate of diffusion of a gas is inversely proportional to the square root of its density.

The correct answer is Tiger.

Key Points

• Madhya Pradesh is known as the "Tiger State" of India due to its high tiger population. It houses several tiger reserves, including the renowned Kanha, Bandhavgarh, and Pench Tiger Reserves.
• Recently, Madhya Pradesh reported the highest number of tiger deaths in India. Between January and October 2023, around 35 tigers reportedly died in the state, according to the National Tiger Conservation Authority (NTCA).
• The causes of tiger deaths range from natural causes, territorial fights, and aging to poaching and human-wildlife conflict. Poaching remains a significant concern despite efforts to curb wildlife crimes.
• The state is actively working on conservation efforts under the Project Tiger, which was launched in 1973. These efforts aim to preserve the tiger population through habitat improvement, anti-poaching measures, and community participation.
• Madhya Pradesh's tiger population as per the 2022 All-India Tiger Estimation stood at approximately 785, making it the state with the highest tiger population in India.

Additional Information

• Tiger Conservation in India:
• The Project Tiger, initiated by the Indian government in 1973, is a tiger conservation program aimed at protecting the tiger population and its habitat.
• India accounts for around 70% of the global tiger population. As per the 2022 Tiger Census, India has over 3,167 tigers, making it a critical hub for tiger conservation.
• Tiger reserves in India are established under the Wildlife Protection Act, 1972. Madhya Pradesh has six tiger reserves, including Kanha, Bandhavgarh, Pench, Satpura, Panna, and Sanjay-Dubri.
• National Tiger Conservation Authority (NTCA): Established in 2005, it oversees tiger conservation efforts in India and ensures proper implementation of Project Tiger.
• Threats to Tigers:
• Poaching: Illegal hunting for tiger parts, including skin and bones, remains a major challenge.
• Habitat Loss: Deforestation and urbanization have led to shrinking habitats, increasing human-wildlife conflicts.
• Climate Change: Alterations in temperature and rainfall patterns affect tiger habitats and prey availability.
• Human-Wildlife Conflict: Tigers often venture into human settlements due to habitat loss, leading to conflict.
• Other Wildlife in Madhya Pradesh:
• Leopards: Madhya Pradesh is also home to a significant population of leopards, primarily found in wildlife sanctuaries and reserves.
• Barasingha: Known as the swamp deer, it is predominantly found in Kanha National Park and is the state animal of Madhya Pradesh.
• Lions: Asiatic lions are primarily found in Gujarat’s Gir Forest, not in Madhya Pradesh.

Important Points

• 2022 Tiger Census: India’s tiger population increased from 2,967 in 2018 to 3,167 in 2022.
• Conservation Laws: The Wildlife Protection Act of 1972 and Forest Conservation Act of 1980 form the backbone of conservation efforts in India.
• Global Tiger Day: Celebrated annually on July 29, this day raises awareness about tiger conservation worldwide.
• Eco-tourism: Tiger reserves in Madhya Pradesh are popular tourist destinations, contributing to local economies.
• Community Involvement: Programs like eco-development involve local communities to reduce dependence on tiger habitats and ensure conservation success.

सही विकल्प यमक अलंकार है।

Key Points

• “कनक-कनक से सौ गुनी, मादकता अधिकाय, वा खाय बौराय जग, या पाय बौराय ।।” पंक्ति में ‘यमक अलंकार’ का प्रयोग किया गया है।
• ‘यमक अलंकार’ अर्थात जहाँ किसी भी पंक्ति में एक ही शब्द का दो बार प्रयोग किया गया हो और दोनों का अर्थ अलग-अलग हो।
• यहाँ ‘कनक’ का प्रयोग दो बार हुआ है।
• प्रथम कनक का अर्थ ‘सोना’ और दूसरे कनक का अर्थ ‘धतूरा’ है।
• अतः सही विकल्प यमक अलंकार है।

अन्य विकल्प

The correct answer is: Option 2.

Key Points

• The word "Carnitarian" refers to a person who eats meat but not seafood or fish. (मांसाहारी जो समुद्री भोजन या मछली नहीं खाता)
• Example: John is a carnitarian; he enjoys eating beef and chicken but avoids fish and shrimp.
• "Carnivorous" refers to an organism that primarily eats meat. (मांसाहारी)
• Example: Lions are carnivorous animals that hunt other animals for food.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Option 2.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Herbivorous (शाकाहारी): An organism that primarily eats plants.
• Example: Cows are herbivorous animals that graze on grass.
• Omnivorous (सर्वाहारी): An organism that eats both plants and animals.
• Example: Bears are omnivorous and eat both berries and fish.
• "Carnivorous" refers to an organism that primarily eats meat. (मांसाहारी)
• Example: Lions are carnivorous animals that hunt other animals for food.

Given:

The sum of three consecutive even numbers is 126.

Formula:

The sum of n consecutive even numbers can be found using the formula: n/2 × (first number + last number)

Calculation:

The sum of three consecutive even numbers is 126, which can be represented as x + (x + 2) + (x + 4) = 126, where x is the smallest of the three numbers.

To find the value of x, we can simplify the equation and solve for x:

3x + 6 = 126

3x = 120

x = 40

Therefore, the smallest of the three numbers is 40, the largest is 40 + 4 = 44, and the product of the smallest and the largest numbers is 40 × 44 = 1760.

Various types of asexual reproduction:

The correct answer is Mangubhai C. Patel.

Key Points

• Some Facts Related to the Governor:

सही उत्तर है - "ग्राम" l

Key Points

• ग्राम एक तत्सम शब्द है, जिसका तद्भव रूप - गांव है l
• संस्कृत भाषा के ऐसे शब्द, जिनके प्राचीन में रूप में ही बिना किसी बदलाव के,हिंदी भाषा में प्रयोग के लिए ले लिया गया है,उन्हें तत्सम शब्द कहते हैं l
• तत्सम शब्दों के नवीन और कुछ बदलाव वाले रूप को तद्भव शब्द कहते हैं l
• अन्य विकल्प:-
• किया, चौदह, मोर - यह तीनों तद्भव शब्द है l
• इनके तत्सम रूप इस प्रकार हैं:- करा, चतुर्दशी, मयूर l
• इस प्रकार ग्राम शब्द के अलावा अन्य सभी शब्द तद्भव शब्द है l

Additional Information

• कुछ अन्य तत्सम शब्द और उनके तद्भव रूप:-
• तत्सम-तद्भव 
• मुख-मुंह
• ग्रीष्म-गर्मी
• मातृश्वसा-मौसी
• आत्मन-अपना

The correct answer is: Option 2.

Key Points

• The idiom "Dog eat dog" means ruthlessly competitive, where people are willing to harm each other to succeed. (निर्दयी प्रतिस्पर्धा)
• Example: In the corporate world, it's often a dog eat dog situation where only the strongest survive.
• "Ruthlessly competitive" refers to a scenario where individuals or groups are extremely determined to achieve their goals, even at the expense of others. (निर्दयी प्रतिस्पर्धा)
• Example: The job market has become ruthlessly competitive, with candidates going to great lengths to secure positions.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Option 2.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Like-minded people connect better (समान सोच वाले लोग बेहतर जुड़ते हैं): This phrase suggests that people with similar interests or opinions get along well.
• Example: Like-minded people connect better, which is why they often form strong communities.
• Tit for tat (जैसे को तैसा): A retaliatory action, where one responds to an action with a similar one.
• Example: In a tit for tat move, the company matched the competitor's price cuts.
• Being calculative (सावधानीपूर्वक योजनाबद्ध): Being very careful and strategic in one's actions or decisions.
• Example: She is very calculative in her investments, ensuring maximum returns with minimal risk.

Given data:

Principal (P) = ₹ 8,300

Rate of interest (r) = 10%

Time (t) = 2 years

Concept:

Difference between compound interest and simple interest.

Solution:

Simple interest (SI) = (P × r × t)/100

⇒ ₹ 8,300 × 10% × 2 = ₹ 1660

Compound Interest (CI) = P × [(1 + r/100)^t - 1]

⇒ ₹ 8,300 × [(1 + 10/100)² - 1] = ₹ 1743

Difference = CI - SI

⇒ ₹ 1743 - ₹ 1660 = ₹ 83

Hence, the difference between CI and SI is ₹ 83.

The correct answer is Option 1, i.e Pituitary.

• The Pituitary gland, also known as ‘master gland’, is an endocrine gland.
• A gland is called endocrine gland when it secretes hormones directly into the bloodstream.
• The pituitary gland is called master gland as most of its hormones control the activity of other endocrine glands.
• It produces growth hormones, prolactin, TSH (Thyroid-stimulating hormone), etc.

• The Gorge of Gandikota is situated on the Pennar River in Andhra Pradesh .
• It is known as the Grand Canyon of India.
• The Grand Canyon is located in Arizona, USA.
• A gorge is a valley formed by a source of water flowing between tall slabs of steep rocks.The Pennar river must have cut rocks in Gandokota over centuries to have formed the Canyon which we see today.

सही उत्तर है - जागरण। 

Key Points

• शयन शब्द का अर्थ:- सोना, निद्रा
• जैसे — शयन के लिए कमरे में जाना।
• जागरण शब्द का अर्थ:- जागते रहने की अवस्था या भाव, नींद न आना, निद्रा का अभाव, जागना।
• अतः ;शयन शब्द का विलोम शब्द जागरण हैं।

 Important Points

• सोना, शयन का पर्यायवाची शब्द है।
• शय्या शब्द का अर्थ है पलंग, बिस्तर, बिछौना।

The correct answer is Option 2)

Key Points

• The idiom "spill the beans" means to reveal a secret or disclose information that was meant to be kept confidential. (राज़ खोलना)
• Example: John couldn't keep it to himself any longer and spilled the beans about the surprise party.
• "To leak a secret" implies divulging confidential information to someone who is not supposed to know it. (गुप्त जानकारी लीक करना)
• Example: She accidentally leaked the secret of the new project to the competitor.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 2.'

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Cook the beans carefully (बीन्स को सावधानी से पकाना): This option is literal and does not relate to the idiom.
• Example: Make sure to cook the beans carefully to avoid them getting burnt.
• To help someone extraordinarily (किसी की असाधारण रूप से मदद करना): This option is unrelated to the idiom's meaning.
• Example: She went out of her way to help someone extraordinarily during the crisis.
• The act of loving beans (बीन्स से प्यार करने का कार्य): This option is completely irrelevant to the idiom's meaning.
• Example: His act of loving beans was evident in his daily diet.

Given:

Dimensions of a room = 16 m, 14 m, 10 m.

Concept used:

The greatest possible scale to measure all dimensions exactly is the greatest common divisor (GCD) of the dimensions.

Solution:

The GCD of 16, 14, and 10 is 2.

Therefore, the length of the greatest possible scale to measure all dimensions exactly is 2 m.

• When Magnesium (Mg) ribbon is burnt in air, Magnesium Oxide (MgO) is formed.
• A bright white light is produced when the ribbon is burnt and powdery ash i.e. MgO is formed.
• The reaction is a highly exothermic reaction, i.e. a lot of heat is produced.
• The oxygen in the air reacts with Mg to form MgO.
• 2Mg + O₂ → 2MgO + energy; is the balanced equation for this reaction.

The correct answer is Pandit Makhanlal Chaturvedi.

• Pandit Makhanlal Chaturvedi was editor of Karmveer News Paper.

Key Points

• He was born on 4^th April 1889 at Babai village in Hoshangabad district of Madhya Pradesh.
• He was the editor of Nationalist journals such as Prabha, Karmveer and Pratap.
• He also wrote Him-Kirtini, Him-Tarangini, Yug Charan and Sahitya Devata.
• His famous poems are Pushp ki Abhilasha,  Kaise Chhand Bana Deti hai, and Deep se Deep Jale.

Additional Information

• Subhadra Kumari Chauhan –
• She was writer of famous poems like, Ek Bikhre Moti and Jhansi Ki Rani.
• She was born on 16^th August 1904 at Nihalpur village of Allahabad (now Prayagraj) district of Uttar Pradesh.
• Harishankar Parsai –
• He was born on 22^nd August 1924 at Jamani village near Itarsi in Hoshangabad district of Madhya Pradesh.
• He was editor of the weekly magazine Vasudha which was published from Jabalpur.
• His other famous poems are Hanste hain, Rote hain, Bhoot ke Panv Peechhe, and Tat ki Khoj.
• He won Sahitya Akademi Award in 1982 for his Satire “Viklang Shraddha Ka Daur”.
• Bhawani Prasad Mishra -
• He was born on 29^th March 1913 at village Tigaria of Hoshangabad district.
• He won Sahitya Akademi Award in 1972 for his book Buni Hui Rassi.

दिये गए विकल्पों सही उत्तर अपराधी होकर भी उल्टे रौब डालना हैं ।

Key Points

• 'एक तो चोरी, दूसरे सीना जोरी' मुहावरे/लोकोक्ति का अभिप्राय है - अपराधी होकर भी उल्टे रौब डालना
• वाक्य प्रयोग:- एक तो उसने मेरी किताब चुरा ली, ऊपर से आँखें दिखा रहा है। इसी को कहते हैं – ‘एक तो चोरी, दूसरे सीनाज़ोरी।’

 Additional Information

• मुहावरा की परिभाषा- ​ऐसे सुगठित शब्द समूह जिनसे लक्षणाजन्य और कभी कभी व्यंजनाजन्य कुछ विशिष्ट अर्थ निकलता है मुहावरा कहलाते हैं। ये शब्द समूह कई बार व्यंग्यात्मक भी हो सकते है। मुहावरे किसी भाषा को जीवंत, रंगीन और सरस बना देती है।
• मुहावरों के प्रयोग से भाषा अधिक सशक्त व प्रभावी हो जाती है। इससे भाषा में सहजता व लालित्य का गुण आता है। इनके प्रयोग से कम से कम शब्दों में अधिक भावों को गहराई से व्यक्त किया जाता है। इससे भाषा की अभिव्यंजना शक्ति बढ़ जाती है।
• कुछ अन्य मुहावरे और उनके अर्थ:-

The correct answer is "A good thing that seemed bad at first"

Key Points

• The idiom "A blessing in disguise" means that something that initially seems bad or unfortunate turns out to be good or beneficial in the end, despite its negative appearance at first.
• It is a situation where a good outcome comes from something that initially appeared to be negative or unfavorable. (यह एक ऐसी स्थिति है जहां एक अच्छा परिणाम किसी ऐसी चीज से आता है जो शुरू में नकारात्मक या प्रतिकूल प्रतीत होती है)
• Therefore, the most appropriate meaning of the idiom "A blessing in disguise" is option 3 "A good thing that seemed bad at first".
• Thus, option 3 is the correct answer.

Shortcut Trick

Use the effective multiplier method for three successive discounts: 10%, 5%, and 3.5%.

Net Multiplier = (1 − 0.10) × (1 − 0.05) × (1 − 0.035)

Net Multiplier = 0.90 × 0.95 × 0.965 = 0.855 × 0.965 = 0.825075

Equivalent Discount = (1 − 0.825075) × 100 = 17.4925%

∴ The correct answer is 17.4925%.

Alternate Method

Given: Three successive discounts of 10%, 5%, and 3(1/2)% (or 3.5%).

Formula: For two successive discounts a and b, Single Discount = (a + b − (a × b)/100)%

⇒ Step 1: Combine first two discounts (10% and 5%):

⇒ D_1,2 = 10 + 5 − (10 × 5)/100 = 15 − 0.5 = 14.5%

⇒ Step 2: Combine result with the third discount (3.5%):

⇒ Net Discount = 14.5 + 3.5 − (14.5 × 3.5)/100

⇒ Net Discount = 18.0 − (50.75)/100

⇒ Net Discount = 18.0 − 0.5075

⇒ Net Discount = 17.4925%

∴ The correct answer is 17.4925%.

Additional Information

Successive Discount Formula

For multiple discounts, it is always easier to calculate the selling price factor: SP = MP × (1 − d₁/100) × (1 − d₂/100) ...

Order of Discounts

The net equivalent discount remains the same regardless of the order in which successive discounts are applied.

Marked Price and Selling Price

Discount is always calculated on the Marked Price (MP). SP = MP − Discount.

• Snail can change their sex.
• Snails are obligate hermaphrodites. They have male and female reproductive organs.
• They are able to produce sperm and eggs while mating with a partner.
• The male reproductive organ of the snail can never fertilize the female genitals of the snail.
• When the two snails detach, each snail has eggs fertilized by the sperm of the other snail.

The correct answer is Tripura.

Key Points

• Tripura is surrounded by Bangladesh on three sides i.e north, south, and west.
• Tripura shares an 856-kilometre border with Bangladesh.

दिए गए विकल्पों में पशु शब्द रूढ़ शब्द का उदहारण है क्योंकि जिन शब्दों का कोई भी खण्ड सार्थक नहीं होता, वे रूढ़ शब्द कहलाते हैंl

इसके कोई खंड नहीं हो सकतेl अतः स्पष्ट है कि पशु विकल्प सटीक हैl अन्य विकल्प असंगत हैंl

Key Points

जिन शब्दों का कोई भी खण्ड सार्थक नहीं होता, वे रूढ़ शब्द कहलाते हैंl 

Additional Information

The correct answer is The.

Key Points

• When referring to specific or particular nouns, the is used.
• The is known as the definite article.
• When a noun is specific, the definite article, "the", is used before both the singular and plural forms of the word.
• A definite article can also be used to denote that something is special and there is only one of it.
• "The" goes before the names of holy books, rivers, oceans, mountains, monuments, newspapers, heavenly bodies, etc.
• Example- The Quran, The Gita, The Bible, The Ganga, The Yamuna etc.
• When writing in English, it is customary to capitalize the first letter of a sentence and all proper nouns (words that name a specific person, place, organization, or thing).
• The Bible is a specific holy book we are talking about, so we use the definite article "The" here.

Additional Information

• There are two indefinite articles in English: a and an.
• "An" is used before vowels or vowel sounds.
• Whereas "a" is used before consonants or consonant sounds.
• Indefinite articles are basically the opposite of definite articles and have multiple functions.

Shortcut Trick

Ratio of height (h) to radius (r) = 7 : 5. Let h = 7x and r = 5x.

Volume = πr²h ⇒ 3.14 × (5x)² × (7x) = 14836.5

549.5x³ = 14836.5 ⇒ x³ = 27 ⇒ x = 3. So, r = 15 cm and h = 21 cm.

Total Surface Area = 2πr(h + r) = 2 × 3.14 × 15 × (21 + 15) = 94.2 × 36 = 3391.2 cm².

∴ The correct answer is 3391.2 cm².

Alternate Method

Given: Ratio h : r = 7 : 5, Volume = 14836.5 cm³, π = 3.14.

Formula Used: Volume of cylinder = πr²h; Total Surface Area (TSA) = 2πr(h + r).

⇒ Volume = 3.14 × (5x)² × 7x = 14836.5

⇒ 3.14 × 25x² × 7x = 14836.5

⇒ 549.5x³ = 14836.5

⇒ x³ = 14836.5 ÷ 549.5 = 27

⇒ x = √³27 = 3

⇒ Radius (r) = 5 × 3 = 15 cm; Height (h) = 7 × 3 = 21 cm

⇒ TSA = 2 × 3.14 × 15 × (15 + 21)

⇒ TSA = 94.2 × 36 = 3391.2 cm²

∴ The correct answer is 3391.2 cm².

Additional Information

Curved Surface Area (CSA)

The lateral area of a cylinder excluding its bases is given by CSA = 2πrh.

Volume of a Cylinder

The capacity or space occupied is Volume = Area of base × height = πr²h.

Total Surface Area Relationship

TSA is the sum of the curved surface area and the area of the two circular bases: TSA = 2πrh + 2πr².

The correct answer is Dmitri Ivanovsky.

Explanation:

• A Virus is an infectious agent that replicates only inside the living cells of an organism.
• The virus was discovered by Dmitri Ivanovsky.
• The tobacco mosaic virus is the first discovered virus.
• The study of viruses is known as virology.
• Virology is a subfield of microbiology.
• Important diseases caused by the virus are:
• Smallpox
• Chickenpox
• SARS
• Polio
• Rabies
• Dengue fever
• Measles
• Common cold

Additional Information

• The smallpox vaccine was discovered by 'Edward Jenner' in 1796.
• Small Pox is caused due to Variola Virus.
• Robert Koch gave a great contribution to the field of microbiology.​
• Tuberculosis was first discovered in the year 1882 by Dr Robert Koch.
• He discovered cholera's livelihoods in 1883 after which he was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1905.
• Robert Koch is considered the 'father of microbiology due to studies on microbes.
• Robert Hooke discovered the cell.
• Robert Hooke also discovered the law of elasticity.

The correct answer is Shahdol.

Key PointsGarul Singh:

• 1857 Revolutionary Garul Singh, i.e. Gurur Singh is related to Sohagpur of Shahdol district of Madhya Pradesh. Hence, Option 2 is correct.
• On July 29, 1857, Lord Waddington received information from the Tehsildar of Sohagpur that Garul Singh, the relative of Sohagpur's princess Sulochan Kunwar, Balbhadra Singh, Talukdar of Kothi Nigwani, Jagmohan Singh, the Talukdar of Jaitpur were showing ill-will towards the British Government and on September 9, in 1857, Garul Singh revolted against the British rule, along with many opposing Gond tribesmen of Surguja.
• He was a close relative and Guardian of queen Sulochna Devi of Sohagpur state.
• Veer Savarkar mentioned his name in his book “Swatantrata Samar”.
• Garul Singh was a great freedom fighter and participated in the revolt of 1857.
• Garul Singh held meetings with his soldiers continuously at his home and assured them that we have to drive out the English army from the country, and only then we will be able to become independent.
• To make this plan successful, Garul Singh Engaged in campaign planning.

सही विकल्प हल्दी है। 

Key Points

• 'हरिद्रा' का तद्भव रूप हल्दी है।
• हरिद्रा शब्द के पर्यायवाची -  हल्दी, प्रहर्षणी, हल्दी, घर्षणी, हल्दी, शोभना, गोरोचन।

Additional Information

The correct answer is "the ... the".

Key Points

• As we can see, the sentence contains a specific number of centuries and we apply a definite article before a noun or phrase showing a particular thing.
• Example: He is the new mayor.
• In the same way, we place the definite article before a universal object or fact.
• Example: The Sun is so bright.
• Thus, we will apply the definite article "the" in both the blanks of this sentence.
• Therefore, the correct answer is: Experts believe that by the twenty-first century, the earth's supplies of gas and oil will be largely gone.

Additional Information

Let's learn more about articles:

• Articles are a sort of adjective that are placed before nouns or their equivalents.
• The definite article (the) is used before a noun to show that the observer is aware of the word's identity.
• Example: He is the new chemistry professor.
• Before a noun that is generic or whose identity is unknown, the indefinite article (a, an) is used.
• Example: He lives in a rented flat.
• Example: She likes to eat an orange every day.

Concept used:

Calculation:

⇒ (\frac{\left[\left(\frac{5}{7} \text { of } \frac{1}{12} \times \frac{1}{4}-\frac{1}{2} \times \frac{1}{8}\right)+\frac{5}{4} \times \frac{8}{15}-\frac{2}{3}\right]}{\frac{1}{2} \div \frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{2}} )

⇒ (\frac{\left( \frac{5}{336} - \frac{1}{16} \right)+\frac{2}{3}-\frac{2}{3}}{2+\frac{1}{2}})

⇒ (\frac{\frac{5 - 21}{336}}{\frac{5}{2}})

⇒ (\frac{\frac{-16}{336}}{\frac{5}{2}})

⇒ (-\frac{16}{336} \times \frac{2}{5})

⇒ - (\frac{2}{105})

The value  is (-\frac{2}{105}).

∴ The Correct Answer is (-\frac{2}{105})

CONCEPT:

• Plane Mirror: A plane mirror is a mirror with a flat (planar) reflective surface.

The characteristics of an image formed in a plane mirror:

• The image formed by the plane mirror is virtual and erect i.e. image cannot be projected or focused on a screen.
• The distance of the image ‘behind’ the mirror is the same as the distance of the object in front of the mirror.
• The size of the image formed is the same as the size of the object.
• The image is laterally inverted, i.e. left hand appears to be right hand when seen from the plane mirror.
• If the object moves towards (or away from) the mirror at a certain rate, the image also moves towards (or away from) the mirror at the same rate.

EXPLANATION:

• Plane Mirror is a part of infinitely large spherical mirror:

• Since, plane mirror is a part of an infinitely large spherical mirror, therefore the radius of curvature and focal length of plane mirror is Infinity.

The correct answer is Taxes.

Key Points

• Fiscal policy:-
• It refers to the government's use of taxation and spending to influence the economy.
• The use of taxes as an instrument of fiscal policy can help to either stimulate or cool down the economy, depending on the government's goals.
• Other instruments of fiscal policy include government spending, transfer payments, and subsidies.

Additional Information

• SLR:-
• It refers to the percentage of deposits that banks must maintain in the form of liquid assets such as cash, gold, or government securities.
• CRR:-
• It refers specifically to the amount of cash that banks must keep in reserve.
• Bank rate:-
• It is the interest rate at which the central bank lends to commercial banks.

मनोनयन, शिरोधार्य शब्द में विसर्ग संधि है।

Key Points

• विसर्ग संधि - विसर्ग के बाद जब स्वर या व्यंजन आ जाय तब जो परिवर्तन होता है।
• मनः + नयन = मनोनयन, शिरः + धार्य =शिरोधार्य
• अन्य उदाहरण - निष्पाप, हरिश्चंद्र, मनोबल, दुष्कर आदि।

Additional Information

• संधि की परिभाषा - दो वर्णों के मेल से उत्पन्न विकार संधि कहलाता है।
• प्रकार - स्वर संधि, व्यंजन संधि, विसर्ग संधि
• अहन + रूप = अहोरूप (व्यंजन संधि), उद + मोचन = उन्मोचन (व्यंजन संधि)
• गुरु + ओदन = गुर्वोदन (यण स्वर संधि), साधु + औदार्य  = साध्वौदार्य (यण स्वर संधि)
• नत + उदर = नतोदर (गुण स्वरसंधि), धीर + उत्तर = धीरोत्तर(गुण स्वरसंधि )

The correct answer is - "firm"

Key Points

• From the given options, the most appropriate answer is "firm" as it fits with the context correctly.
• Firm means stay as usual when pressed, do not agile.
• Eg. My dad was firm on my deeds when class teacher had been complaining about me.
• Here, sentence says about agreement that require the speaker to accept on offer.
• Thus, Option 4 is correct option.

Correct sentence: Until a firm agreement has been reached, I am not committed to accepting the offer.

Given:

9832 - 172 = ?

Formula used:

a² - b² = (a + b)(a - b)

Calculations:

(983)2 - (17)2 

⇒ (983 + 17)(983 - 17)

⇒ 1000 × 966 = 966000

∴ 9832 - 172 is 966000.

The Correct Answer is Nutrient.

Additional Information

• Nutrient: It is defined as any food constituent or group of food constituents of the same general composition that aids in the support of animal life.
• There are six classes of nutrients that are essential to every living animal for survival
• Water
• Protein
• Carbohydrates
• Fats/Lipids
• Vitamins
• Minerals

• Red-crowned Crane is the national bird of China.
• Grand Cayman Parrot is the national bird of Cayman Islands.
• Robin is the national bird of Bangladesh.
• Barn Swallow is the national bird of Austria.

• दोहे के पहले और तीसरे चरण में 13-13 मात्राये होती है।
• अतः 13 सही विकल्प होगा।अन्य सभी विकल्प असंगत है।

Additional Information

• छंद शब्द 'छद' धातु से बना है।जिसका अर्थ है 'खुश करना'।
• वर्णों या मात्राओं के नियमित संख्या के विन्यास से यदि आल्हाद पैदा हो तो उसे छंद कहते है।
• जिस प्रकार गद्य का नियामक व्याकरण है।उसी प्रकार पद्य का छंद शास्त्र।

Key Points

• दोहा एक अर्ध सम मात्रिक छंद है।जिसमे प्रथम और तृतीय चरण में 13-13 मात्राये होती है।
• जबकि द्वितीय और चतुर्थ चरण में 11-11 मात्राये होती है।
• उदा. रहिमन पानी राखिये,बिन पानी सब सून।
• पानी गये न उबरे,मोती मानुस चून।।

The correct answer is 'QSPR.'

Key Points

• While arranging the parts of the sentence given in options, we have to find some grammatical or contextual connections between them, so let’s find out.
• In this sentence, we can see that there are different parts like Subject, verb, conjunction, and continuation of the object.
• The first part should be Q as it is providing the subject "Growth of all modern crimes" of the sentence.
• Q should be followed by S as S is providing more information to part Q by incorporating another example of crime.
• S should be followed by P as P is talking about the most significant factor of modern crimes.
• P should be followed by R as R is having the conjunction "and" to connect two reasons for the increase in modern crimes.
  

​​Correct sentence: In the growth of all modern crimes including crimes against the elders perhaps the most important factor is the failure of planning and governance in the urban population.

Additional Information          

• Before rearranging parts of the sentence, it is very important to read them carefully.
• It is very important to analyze the use of a determiner and conjunction in such cases.
• This confusion can be eradicated by practicing more and more questions of Sentence Jumbles.

Shortcut Trick

For three numbers a, b, and c, the fourth proportional (x) is given by x = (b × c) ÷ a.

Given numbers: 5, 6, and 8.

⇒ Fourth proportional = (6 × 8) ÷ 5

⇒ 48 ÷ 5 = 9.6

∴ The correct answer is 9.6.

Alternate Method

Given:

First number (a) = 5

Second number (b) = 6

Third number (c) = 8

Formula Used:

If a, b, c, and d are in proportion, then a : b = c : d or a/b = c/d, where d is the fourth proportional.

Calculations:

Let the fourth proportional be x.

⇒ 5 : 6 = 8 : x

⇒ 5/6 = 8/x

⇒ 5 × x = 6 × 8

⇒ 5x = 48

⇒ x = 48 ÷ 5

⇒ x = 9.6

∴ The correct answer is 9.6.

Additional Information

Mean Proportional

The mean proportional between two numbers a and b is √(a × b).

Third Proportional

The third proportional to two numbers a and b is c such that a : b = b : c, which means c = b² ÷ a.

Continued Proportion

Three numbers a, b, and c are in continued proportion if a/b = b/c.

The correct answer is Option 1.

Key Points

• A homologous series is a group of organic compounds with the same functional group and similar chemical properties.
• The compounds in a homologous series differ by a constant unit, typically a -CH2- group.
• In option 1, HCHO (formaldehyde), CH3CHO (acetaldehyde), and CH3CH2CHO (propionaldehyde) all belong to the aldehyde group, which is characterized by the presence of the -CHO functional group.
• These compounds show a gradual change in physical properties such as boiling point and solubility, but their chemical properties remain consistent.

Additional Information

• Functional Group:
• A functional group is a specific group of atoms within a molecule that is responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of that molecule.
• Examples include -OH in alcohols, -COOH in carboxylic acids, and -CHO in aldehydes.
• Homologous Series Characteristics:
• Members of a homologous series have a general formula, like CnH2n+1CHO for aldehydes.
• They show a gradation in physical properties such as boiling and melting points.
• They exhibit similar chemical properties due to the presence of the same functional group.
• Examples of Homologous Series:
• Alkanes (e.g., methane, ethane, propane)
• Alkenes (e.g., ethene, propene, butene)
• Carboxylic acids (e.g., formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid)
• Importance of Homologous Series:
• Simplifies the study of organic chemistry by grouping similar compounds together.
• Aids in predicting the properties and reactions of compounds within the same series.

The correct answer is Varanasi to New Delhi.

Important Points

• Vande Bharat Express, also known as Train 18, was launched from New Delhi Railway Station on February 15 by Prime Minister Narendra Modi.
• Vande Bharat Express, India’s first semi-high speed train, runs between Varanasi and New Delhi.
• The train was produced locally at the Integral Coach Factory in Chennai in 18 months. It can run up to a maximum speed of 160 km per hour.
• The semi-high speed train is considered a successor to the Shatabdi Express and will eventually replace the 30-year-old passenger train for intercity travel.
• The train commenced its commercial run on 17 February 2019.
• 2nd Vande Bharat Express runs between New Delhi- Katra.

दिए गए विकल्पों में से "ग्रहण" शब्द अर्पण का विलोम शब्द है। 

Key Points

• अर्पण शब्द का अर्थ है - किसी को कुछ देने का भाव।
• ग्रहण शब्द का अर्थ है - किसी से कुछ लेने का भाव।

Additional Information

• जो शब्द किसी दूसरे शब्द का उल्टा अर्थ बताते हैं।
• उन्हें विलोम शब्द या विपरीतार्थक शब्द या विरुद्धार्थी शब्द कहते है।

उदाहरण - 

Correct answer is: No sooner the teacher enter.

Key Points 

• The error lies in part 1 of the sentence.
• The usage of ‘the teacher entered’ is incorrect instead, use ‘did the teacher enter’.
• According to the rule of Grammar, whenever we use an adverb at the beginning of the sentence, we need to use an inversion form of the verb. Here ‘entered’ is the main verb, so by writing the verb before the subject, we can make the inversion.
• Hence, we need to write ‘did the teacher enter’.
• Also, 'did' is followed by base form of the verb.

Correct sentence: No sooner did the teacher enter the room than the students stood up.

Additional Information

• Normal sentence: You are tired. (The subject is ‘you’. It’s before the verb ‘are’.)
• Question form: Are you tired? (The verb ‘are’ is before the subject ‘you’. They have changed places. This is called inversion.)

Given:

If a certain principal amounts to Rs 87750 with 8% per annum in four years.

Formula Used:

Simple interest (S.I) = (P × R × T)/100 (where P is the principal, R is the rate of interest, T is the time period)

Amount = P + S.I = P + (P × R × T)/100 = P (1 + R × T/100)

Calculation:

Let P be the principal amount at 8% p.a for 4 years.

Now by using the above-mentioned formula the Simple interest will be

⇒ S.I = (P × 8 × 4)/100

And the amount will be = S.I + P

⇒ Amount = (P × 8 × 4)/100 + P = P(132/100)

Now as given Amount is Rs 87750

⇒ 87750 = P(132/100)

⇒ P = Rs 66477.2

∴ The principal is Rs 66477.2

Shortcut Trick Amount  = S.I + P

⇒ Amount = (P × 8 × 4)/100 + P ⇒ 87750 = P(132/100) ⇒ P = 66,477.2

The correct answer is Teeth.

Important Points

• Teeth consist mostly of hard, inorganic minerals like calcium.
• They also contain nerves, blood vessels, and specialized cells.
• They don’t have the regenerative powers that bones do and can’t grow back together if broken. So they are not considered as bone.
• Bones, on the other hand, are covered in a layer of cells called the periosteum that allow the bone to change over time.

Key Points

• The human skeletal system provides a structural framework and supports the body.
• It comprises bones, cartilage, ligaments, and tendons that connect to bones and bones to muscles.
• The human skeletal system provides a definite shape to the body and protection to internal organs.
• At the time of birth, infants have more bones (300 bones), which due to fusion in some of the bones, form larger bones and 206 bones remain in a human adult.
• The skeleton system is divided into two parts:
• Axial skeleton- includes bones of the skull, upper and lower jaws, ribs, and vertebral column.
• Appendicular skeleton- involves the bone of legs and hand, pectoral and pelvic girdle.

Additional Information

• Hair, Nails, Hooves are made of a tough protein called keratin.

The correct answer is ​Indore.

Key Points

Agriculture Institutes and Centres in Madhya Pradesh

सही उत्तर है - "उठाना" l

Key Points

• उत्थान का तद्भव है - उठाना l
• उत्थान उठाना के लिए तत्सम शब्द है l

अन्य विकल्पों का विश्लेषण:-

• उड़ना के लिए तत्सम शब्द है - उड्डयन l
• उकसाना - हिंदी अर्थ - भड़काना, उत्तेजित करना, मुश्तइल करना l इसके कोई तद्भव और तत्सम रूप नहीं है l
• उक्त - हिंदी अर्थ - कहा हुआ, कथित। इसके कोई तद्भव और तत्सम रूप नहीं है l

Additional Information

• तत्सम शब्द संस्कृत भाषा के दो शब्दों, तत् + सम् से मिलकर बना है।
• तत् का अर्थ है - उसके, तथा सम् का अर्थ है - समान। अर्थात - ज्यों का त्यों।
• जिन शब्दों को संस्कृत से बिना किसी परिवर्तन के ले लिया जाता है, उन्हें तत्सम शब्द कहते हैं। इनमें ध्वनि परिवर्तन नहीं होता है।
• तत्सम शब्दों में समय और परिस्थितियों के कारण कुछ परिवर्तन होने से जो शब्द बने हैं उन्हें तद्भव कहते हैं।
• तद्भव का शाब्दिक अर्थ है - उससे बने (तत् + भव = उससे उत्पन्न), अर्थात जो उससे (संस्कृत से) उत्पन्न हुए हैं। यहाँ पर तत् शब्द भी संस्कृत भाषा की ओर इंगित करता है। अर्थात जो संस्कृत से ही बने हैं।
• तत्सम शब्दों के उदाहरण :-
• अग्नि, आम्र, अमूल्य, चंद्र, क्षेत्र, अज्ञान, अन्धकार आदि।
• तद्भव शब्दों के उदाहरण :-
• मुख से मुँह​
• भ्रातृ से भाई
• कुछ प्राचीन तत्सम शब्द और उनके नवीन तद्भव रूप :-
• अमृत - अमिय
• आम्रचूर्ण - अमचूर
• अन्न - अनाज​

Important Points

• तत्सम शब्द प्राचीन शब्द है जिनका संस्कृत भाषा से नाता है l इन्हीं शब्दों के नवीन रूप को तद्भव कहा जाता है l
• आज की वर्तमान भाषा में हम जो अधिकांश शब्द इस्तेमाल करते हैं, वह तद्भव शब्द है l तत्सम शब्दों का इस्तेमाल किसी पुरानी किताबों में ही देखने को मिलता है l

Correct option 4) The sentence is free from error.

Explanation:

• ‘Run into’ is a phrasal verb which means to hit someone or something accidentally. 
• It also means meeting someone by chance when you are not expecting to meet them.
• Phrasal verbs: a verb that is made up of Main Verb together with an adverb or a preposition, or both.

Additional Information

• Some other phrasal verbs of 'run' are: 
• Run after: to try to chase someone
• Run against: to compete with someone in an election
• Run away: to run fast to escape, leave one's home or current partner in order to establish a relationship with someone else, try to avoid facing up to a difficult situation.
• Run out: to come to an end, expire, to become exhausted or used up.

Given:

The ratio of the present age of Rohit to Mohit = 2 ∶ 3

After 8 years, age of Rohit = 20

Calculation:

The present age of Rohit and Mohit is 2x and 3x.

The relation between Present age and age after 8 years of Rohit, 2x + 8 = 20

⇒ x = 6.

Present age of Mohit = 3x = 18

∴ The present age of Mohit is 18 years.

The correct option is 4 i.e., respiration

• During the respiration process, heat energy is formed.
• The process of releasing energy from glucose is called respiration. The energy in glucose can be released in a single reaction. When this happens heat energy is released as glucose burns

There are two main types of respiration

• Aerobic
• Anaerobic

Difference between Aerobic and Anaerobic:

The correct answer is Babulal Gaur.

Important Points 

• Babulal Gaur became the chief minister of Madhya Pradesh after Uma Bharathi.
• Babulal Gaur served as the 16th chief minister of Madhya Pradesh from 2004 to 2005.
• Babulal Gaur was succeeded by Shivraj Singh Chouhan in 2005.
• Uma Bharathi served as the 15th chief minister of Madhya Pradesh from 2003 to 2004.
• She is the only women chief minister in Madhya Pradesh.

Additional Information 

• Digvijaya Singh served as the 14th chief minister of Madhya Pradesh from 1993 to 2003.
• Kailash Joshi served as the 9th chief minister of Madhya Pradesh from 1977 to 1978.
• Shivraj Singh Chouhan is the 19th and current chief minister of Madhya Pradesh.
• He is the longest-serving chief minister in Madhya Pradesh.

शब्दालंकार नहीं है- 'उपमा अलंकार'।

उपमा अलंकार, अर्थालंकार है।

Key Pointsशब्दालंकार- जिसमें शब्द के माध्यम से चमत्कार उत्पन्न हों, ऐसे अलंकार शब्दालंकार कहलाते है।

शब्दालंकार- 5 भेद।

1. अनुप्रास अलंकार
2. यमक अलंकार
3. श्लेष अलंकार
4. वक्रोक्ति अलंकार
5. वीप्सा अलंकार

अर्थालंकार- जिसमें अर्थ के माध्यम से चमत्कार उत्पन्न हों, ऐसे अलंकार अर्थालंकार कहलाते है।

अर्थालंकार के भेद- 

1. उपमा अलंकार
2. उत्प्रेक्षा अलंकार
3. रूपक अलंकार
4. भ्रान्तिमान अलंकार
5. अतिश्योक्ति अलंकार
6. आदि

Additional Informationअलंकार- 'काव्य की शोभा बढ़ाने वाले शब्दों को अलंकार कहते है'।

अलंकार सम्प्रदाय के प्रतिष्ठापक 'भामह' को माना जाता है।

अलंकार के भेद- 3 भेद होते।

1. शब्दालंकार
2. अर्थालंकार
3. आधुनिक या उभयालंकार​

Mistake Points'उपमा अलंकार' - जब उपमेय की तुलना उपमान से की जाये तब उपमा अलंकार होता है।

जैसे- 'यह देखिए, अरविंद - से शिशुवृन्द कैसे सो रहे'।

यहाँ पर 'शिशु' की तुलना 'अरविन्द' यानि कि 'कमल' से की गयी है।

1. 'शब्दालंकार' शब्दों पर आधारित होते है।
2. जबकि,'अर्थालंकार' अर्थ पर आधारित होते है।

The correct answer is: She said that she could play the guitar pretty well.

Key Points

• The given sentence is in direct speech and we need to convert it to indirect speech.
• When we change a direct speech to indirect speech, we must follow these rules:

​                • The reporting verb 'said' remains unchanged.

                • The inverted commas ("...") are replaced with the conjunction 'that' to show the indirect speech.

                • A comma (,) that is added after the direct speech part, should be removed in the indirect speech.

                • The modal 'can' changes to 'could'.

                • 'I' changes to 'she'.

• Thus, option 3 is the correct answer.

Hence, The Indirect speech is- She said that she could play the guitar pretty well.

Shortcut Trick

Identify the triplet: 72, 30, 78 is a multiple of (5, 12, 13) since 5×6=30, 12×6=72, 13×6=78.

Area of right-angled triangle = 1/2 × base × height = 1/2 × 30 × 72 = 1080 m².

Total Cost = Area × Rate = 1080 × 0.20 = ₹216.

∴ The correct answer is ₹216.

Alternate Method

Given: Sides of the triangle (a, b, c) = 72 m, 30 m, 78 m. Rate = 20 paise/m².

Formula: Heron's Formula for Area = √[s(s−a)(s−b)(s−c)] where s = (a+b+c)/2.

⇒ Semi-perimeter (s) = (72 + 30 + 78) / 2 = 180 / 2 = 90 m.

⇒ Area = √[90 × (90−72) × (90−30) × (90−78)]

⇒ Area = √[90 × 18 × 60 × 12] = √[1166400] = 1080 m².

⇒ Rate in Rupees = 20/100 = ₹0.20 per m².

⇒ Total Cost = 1080 × 0.20 = ₹216.

∴ The correct answer is ₹216.

Additional Information

Pythagorean Triplets

A set of three positive integers a, b, and c, such that a² + b² = c². Common examples include (3, 4, 5), (5, 12, 13), and (8, 15, 17).

Heron's Formula

Used for finding the area of any triangle when all three sides are known: Area = √[s(s−a)(s−b)(s−c)].

Cost Calculation

Total cost for levelling or fencing is calculated as Area × Rate per unit area or Perimeter × Rate per unit length.

Explanation-

• Spore formation is a kind of reproduction process in plants by producing tiny spores and propagates through them.
• Spore Formation is a method of asexual reproduction.
• Spore formation can be seen in the bread mould / Rhizopus.
• The airborne spores land on bread under favourable conditions and they germinate and produce new bread mould plants.
• Each spore is covered with a protective coat to withstand unfavourable conditions.
• Plants like ferns, mucor, and mosses are also reproduced through spore formation
• Spores are present in a sac called sporangia.

Thereby spore formation occurs in rhizopus.

Additional Information

Hydra

• Organisms such as Hydra use regenerative cells for reproduction in the process of budding.
• ​Budding is a kind of asexual mode of reproduction in which a new organism develops from a bud due to cell division at one particular site.

Bryophyllum

• There are many plants in which parts like the root, stem and leaves develop into new plants under appropriate conditions.
• This property of vegetative propagation is used in methods such as layering or grafting to grow many plants like sugarcane, roses, or grapes for agricultural purposes.
• Similarly, buds produced in the notches along the leaf margin of Bryophyllum fall on the soil and develop into new plants.

Spirogyra

• Spirogyra simply breaks up into smaller pieces upon maturation.
• These pieces or fragments grow into new individuals.

The correct answer is Mohenjodaro.

Key Points

• The Great Bath was discovered at the archaeological site of Mohenjodaro, one of the most prominent sites of the Indus Valley Civilization.
• Mohenjodaro is located in the Sindh province of present-day Pakistan.
• The Great Bath is one of the best-known structures among the ruins of Mohenjodaro and is believed to have been used for ritualistic purposes.
• This structure measures approximately 12 meters long, 7 meters wide, and 2.4 meters deep and is made of baked bricks.
• The Great Bath is an early example of public water management and intricate hydraulic engineering.

Additional Information

• Indus Valley Civilization
• Also known as the Harappan Civilization, it flourished around 2500 BCE in the northwestern regions of South Asia.
• It is noted for its advanced urban planning, architecture, and social organization.
• Key sites include Harappa, Mohenjodaro, Dholavira, and Lothal.
• Mohenjodaro
• It was one of the largest cities of the Indus Valley Civilization and a UNESCO World Heritage site.
• The city featured a well-planned grid layout, advanced drainage system, and standardized brick sizes.
• Mohenjodaro means "Mound of the Dead" in Sindhi.
• Great Bath
• It is considered one of the earliest public water tanks in the ancient world.
• The structure had a layer of natural bitumen to make it waterproof.
• Steps at either end of the bath indicate that it was used for ceremonial bathing.
• Excavation of Mohenjodaro
• The site was first discovered by R. D. Banerji in 1922.
• Subsequent excavations were carried out by John Marshall, Ernest Mackay, and others.
• Excavations revealed a wealth of artifacts including pottery, tools, and seals.

"परिश्रम ही जीवन है; आलस्य ही मृत्यु है" यह वाक्य चिह्न को सम्बोधित करता है- 'अर्द्ध विराम'

• "परिश्रम ही जीवन है**;** आलस्य ही मृत्यु है" यहाँ पर अर्द्धविराम चिह्न (;) का प्रयोग हुआ है।

अर्द्ध विराम:-

• जहाँ पूर्ण विराम की अपेक्षा कम देर और अल्पविराम की अपेक्षा अधिक देर तक रुकना हो , वहां अर्द्धविराम चिह्न (;) का प्रयोग करते हैं।

जैसे -

• जो पेड़ों को पत्थर मारते हैं; वे उन्हें फल देते हैं।
• सूर्यास्त हो गया; लालिमा का स्थान कालिमा ने ले लिया।

Key Points 

Confusion Points 

• निर्देशक चिह्न का प्रयोग किसी विषय के साथ उससे सम्बंधित अन्य बातों की जानकारी देने के लिए किया जाता है,
• जबकि योजक चिह्न का प्रयोग दो समान या विपरीत अर्थ वाले शब्दों को जोड़ने के लिए किया जाता है।

​जैसे -

• निर्देशक चिह्न - तुलसी ने कहा है –“परहित सरिस धरम नहिं भाई।”
• योजक चिह्न - जीवन में उतार - चढ़ाव तो आते ही हैं।

The correct answer is 'My boss told me that all the board members would arrive the next day.'

Key Points

• The rules for changing Direct Speech to Indirect Speech:
• The given sentence is in Future Simple Tense.
• 'Will' changes to 'Would.'
• The reporting verb said/said to is changed in told, asked, demanded, ordered, enquired as per the nature of the sentence.
• Remove the commas and inverted commas.
• The first person in reported speech changes according to the subject of reporting speech.
• Use that in the sentence of indirect speech.
• Structure: (Subject+ will + V1 +object) (Direct Speech)
  

                  (Subject+ would + V1 + object) (Indirect Speech)

• Example: Shakespeare said, “I will write another drama tomorrow.” (Direct speech)
  

                 Shakespeare said that he would write another drama the next day. (Indirect speech)

Additional Information   

• If the sentence of Direct speech has a question that cannot be answered by saying yes or no then it does not use “if” or “whether” in its Indirect speech.
• Example:  She said to me, “Where did you buy this dress from?” (Direct speech)
  

                  She asked me where I had bought that dress from. (Indirect speech)

Hinglish   

• Direct Speech को Indirect Speech में बदलने का नियम:
• दिया गया वाक्य Future Simple Tense में है।
• Will, Would में बदल जाता है।
• Said/said to रिपोर्टिंग verb वाक्य की प्रकृति के अनुसार asked, demanded, ordered, enquired में बदल जाती है।
• Commas और inverted commas हटा दे।
• Reported speech में first person, reporting speech के subject के अनुसार बदलता है।
• Indirect speech के वाक्य में  that का प्रयोग करें।
• Structure: (Subject+ will + V1 +object) (Direct Speech)
  

                  (Subject+ would + V1 + object) (Indirect Speech)

• Example: Shakespeare said, “I will write another drama tomorrow.” (Direct speech)
  

                 Shakespeare said that he would write another drama the next day. (Indirect speech)

(\begin{array}{l} \Rightarrow \sqrt[3]{{\left( {340 + \surd 9} \right)}}\ \Rightarrow \sqrt[3]{{\left( {340 + 3} \right)}}\ \Rightarrow \sqrt[3]{{343}}=7\ \therefore \sqrt[3]{{\left( {340 + \sqrt 9 } \right)}} = 7 \end{array})

The correct answer is Carbon dioxide.

Key Points

• Soda water or carbonated water is water that has been infused with carbon dioxide gas under pressure.
• This is the main ingredient in sweetened soft drinks (over 90%).
• This produces a bubbly drink that's also known as sparkling water, club soda, soda water, seltzer water, and fizzy water.
• Carbonated beverage consumption has been linked with diabetes, hypertension, and kidney stones, all risk factors for chronic kidney disease.

Additional Information

• Carbon monoxide - Carbon monoxide consists of one carbon atom and one oxygen atom. It is formed when fuels are burned in an insufficient supply of oxygen.
• Chlorine - Chlorine is a chemical element with the symbol Cl and atomic number 17. It is a member of the halogen group and is toxic and corrosive in nature.
• Hydrogen - Hydrogen is the chemical element with the symbol H and atomic number 1. Hydrogen is the lightest element.

The correct answer is oceans in the southern hemisphere.

Key Points

• Westerlies wind:
• The permanent wind blowing from the subtropical high-pressure zone to the subpolar low-pressure zone in both hemispheres is called westerly wind because of its west direction.
• The best development of westerly winds is found between 40-degree to 65-degree south latitudes.
• These degrees here are called thundering Chalisa, Prachanda Pachasa, and Screaming Satha.
• Thundering Chalisa: 40 - 50 degrees south.
• Prachanda Fifty: 50 - 60 degrees south
• Screaming Satha: In 60 Degrees**.**

सही उत्तर है - ‘तृतीय’।

• ‘तृतीय’ शुद्ध वर्तनी वाला शब्द है।
• अन्य विकल्प सही नहीं है।

Key Points

• तृतीय का अर्थ : तीसरा।
• वाक्य: उस ने तृतीय स्थान प्राप्त किया।

Additional Informationवर्तनी:- 

• ​लिखने की रीति को वर्तनी कहते हैं।
• ‘वर्तनी’ शब्द का अर्थ ‘पीछे चलना’ है। अर्थात उच्चारित होने वाले शब्द के लेखन में प्रयोग होने वाले लिपि चिह्नों के व्यवस्थित रूप को वर्तनी कहा जाता है।

The correct answer is 'The son said to his mother, "What are you going to prepare for dinner tonight?"

Key Points

• The given sentence is in indirect speech.
• While changing a sentence from indirect speech to direct speech, we need to follow the given steps-
• Reporting and reported speech will be separated by a comma (,) and inverted commas (" ").
• 'Asked' remains either unchanged or changed into 'said to'.
• Past continuous tense (was going) will be changed to present continuous tense. (are going)
• The third person (she) will be changed into the second person (you) i.e. according to the object of the sentence (mother).
  

The final sentence- The son said to his mother, "What are you going to prepare for dinner tonight?"

Hinglish

• दिया गया वाक्य indirect speech में है।
• Indirect speech से direct speech में एक वाक्य बदलते समय, हमें दिए गए चरणों का पालन करने की आवश्यकता है-
• Reporting और reported speech को एक comma (,) और inverted commas (" ") द्वारा अलग किया जाएगा।
• 'Asked' या तो अपरिवर्तित रहता है या 'said to' में बदल जाता है।
• Past continuous tense (was going) को  present continuous tense (are going) में बदल दिया जाएगा।
• Third person (she) को second person (you) में  बदल दिया जाएगा अर्थात् वाक्य की object (mother) के अनुसार।

Given:

25 consecutive natural numbers

Average of the last 13 numbers = 39

Formula Used:

Average of an arithmetic series = (First term + Last term) / 2

Calculation:

Let the first number of the 25 consecutive natural numbers be a.

Then, the last 13 numbers are a + 12, a + 13, ..., a + 24 .

The average of these 13 numbers is given by:

(\frac{(a + 12) + (a + 24)}{2}) = 39

⇒(\frac{2a + 36}{2}) = 39

⇒ a + 18 = 39

⇒ a = 21

The 25 consecutive numbers are 21, 22, ..., 45.

The average of these 25 numbers is given by:

(\frac{21 + 45}{2}) = 33

The average of all 25 numbers is 33.

Concept:

Fermentation:

• The incomplete oxidation of glucose is achieved under anaerobic conditions by sets of reactions where pyruvic acid is converted to CO2 and ethanol is known as fermentation.
• The enzymes, pyruvic acid decarboxylase and alcohol dehydrogenase catalyse these reactions.

Explanation:

Milk to curd process:

• Curd or yoghurt is made from milk through the fermentation process.
• Casein, a type of globular protein, is present in milk.
• Lactic acid bacteria and casein undergo a chemical reaction that results in the curd.
• A wide range of bacteria, including Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactococcus lactis, Lactococcus lactis cremoris, and others, may be present in curd.
• Milk to curd formation is a slow process.
• A curd-forming bacteria takes 5 to 6 hours to change milk into curd.
• This change is permanent and irreversible because this curd cannot be converted back into milk.

Thus, the change from milk to curd is a slow and permanent change.