KVS PRT Official Paper Held On 28 Feb 2023 Shift 2 (Previous Year Paper)

The correct answer is Option (2) i.e. (d) (c) (b) (a)

Key Points

• The sentence begins with the subject "Hamlet is unable to take a decision," which is correctly indicated by part (d).
• Following the subject, "on what to do" (d) (c) continues the logical sequence, making it clear what Hamlet is unable to decide.
• The next part, "and this leads to," starts the explanation about the consequence of Hamlet's indecision, indicated by (b).
• Ending with "his tragic end" (a) completes the sentence by stating the outcome.

Therefore, the correct answer is (d) (c) (b) (a).

Additional Information

• Option 1 (a) (b) (c) (d): This option starts with "his tragic end and this leads to on what to do Hamlet is unable to take a decision," which makes the sentence grammatically incorrect and unclear.
• Option 3 (c) (d) (a) (b): This option starts with "on what to do Hamlet is unable to take a decision his tragic end and this leads to," which makes the sentence incorrect as the sequence does not logically follow.
• Option 4 (b) (c) (d) (a): This option starts with "and this leads to on what to do Hamlet is unable to take a decision his tragic end," which creates a fragmented and confusing sentence structure.

The correct answer is Option 3.

 

Key Points

• Active voice structure: Subject + will/shall + V1 + Object.
• Passive voice structure: Object + will/shall + be + V3 + by + Subject.
• The object of the active voice sentence becomes the subject of the passive voice sentence.
• To convert to passive voice: Place the object "the journey" at the beginning.
• Change the active verb form "will start" to "will be started" (future simple passive).
• Add the preposition "by" followed by the original subject "them."
• Ensure the time phrase "at midnight" remains at the end of the sentence for clarity.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 3.

 

Correct Sentence: "The journey will be started by them at midnight."

 

Additional Information

• Option 1: "The journey at midnight will be started by them." – Incorrect placement of the time phrase.
• Option 2: "At midnight, the journey was started by them." – Incorrect placement of tense. (Simple past)
• Option 4: "The journey at midnight was started by them." – Incorrect tense (past simple passive).

The correct answer is Option 2 i.e 'of'.

Key Points

• The preposition "of" is used to show the relation between the adjective "tired" and the gerund "walking", indicating the cause of tiredness.
• Prepositions often help in connecting nouns, pronouns, and phrases to other words in a sentence. In this case, "of" connects "tired" with "walking".
• The word "of" is commonly used with adjectives like "tired", "afraid", and "fond" to indicate the reason or source of the feeling or state.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 2.

Additional Information

• With: The preposition "with" is used to show association, possession, or accompaniment, which does not fit the context here.
• From: The preposition "from" indicates the point of origin or separation, which is not applicable in this context.
• Off: The preposition "off" indicates separation or disconnection, which is not suitable in this context.

The correct answer is Option 3 i.e 'Future Perfect'.

Key Points

• The tense form "shall have finished" indicates that the action of finishing the assignment will be completed before a certain point in the future, which is a characteristic of the Future Perfect tense.
• Future Perfect tense is used to describe an action that will have been completed before a specified point in the future. In this case, the action will be completed before the speaker meets him.
• The structure of the Future Perfect tense is "will/shall have + past participle". Here, "shall have" and "finished" follow this structure.
• Future Perfect tense helps in expressing the completion of an action by a certain future time, adding clarity to the sequence of events.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 3.

Additional Information

• Future Indefinite: This tense is used for actions that will happen in the future without specifying when they will be completed. Example: "I will meet him."
• Future Continuous: This tense is used for actions that will be ongoing at a specific time in the future. Example: "I will be meeting him."
• Future Perfect Continuous: This tense is used for actions that will have been ongoing for a duration of time before a specific time in the future. Example: "I will have been meeting him for an hour."

The correct answer is Option 2.

 

Key Points

• Indirect Speech: The priest said that we were all sinners.
• When reporting verb (said) is in past form then the tense of reported speech also changes into past tense. So "We are" becomes **"we were"**​
• Reporting verb: Remains the same as it simply reports what was said.
• Punctuation and Format: Indirect speech does not require quotation marks.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 2.

 

Correct Sentence: The priest said that we were all sinners.

 

Additional Information

• Option 1: "The priest said that we are all sinners."
• Incorrect because the present tense "are" should be changed to the past tense "were" in indirect speech.
• Option 3: "That we were all sinners the priest said."
• Incorrect word order for reported speech.
• Option 4: "The priest said that we have all been sinners."
• Incorrect tense; it changes the meaning to a past perfect perspective.

The correct answer is Option 4.

 

Key Points

• The primary issue in the sentence is the incorrect question tag "isn't it?" The correct question tag should be "can't she?"
• Question tags must match the auxiliary verb and the subject in the main clause.
• Thus, the error is located in part 4 of the sentence.

Therefore, the correct answer is 4.

 

Correct Sentence:** "The little girl can swim comfortably, can't she?"**

The correct answer is: broad-minded.

Key Points

• The word "liberal" means willing to respect or accept behavior or opinions different from one's own; open to new ideas. (उदार)
• Example: She has a liberal attitude towards different cultures and traditions.
• "Broad-minded" refers to being open to different opinions and willing to listen to others. (खुले विचारों वाला)
• Example: His broad-minded approach allowed for a more inclusive discussion.
• Hence, we can infer that the word 'liberal' is nearest in meaning to 'broad-minded'.

Therefore, the correct answer is: broad-minded.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Conservative (रूढ़िवादी): Holding to traditional attitudes and values and cautious about change or innovation.
• Example: He has a conservative view on economic policies.
• Hopeful (आशावादी): Feeling or inspiring optimism about a future event.
• Example: She is hopeful that things will get better soon.
• Decent (सभ्य): Conforming with generally accepted standards of respectable or moral behavior.
• Example: He is known for being a decent and trustworthy person.

The correct answer is: Option (4) i.e. Plenty.

Key Points

• The word "Dearth" means a lack or scarcity of something. (कमी, अभाव)
• Example: The dearth of skilled workers in the industry is becoming a significant issue.
• "Plenty" refers to an abundance or a large amount of something. (प्रचुरता)
• Example: The farmers enjoyed plenty of crops after a good monsoon season.
• Hence, we can infer that the opposite of 'Dearth' is 'Plenty'.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Plenty.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Extravagance (आडंबर, फिजूलखर्ची): Excessive spending or lack of restraint in using resources.
• Example: His extravagance left him with little savings for the future.
• Richness (समृद्धि): The state of being rich in quality, substance, or resources.
• Example: The richness of Indian culture attracts tourists from all over the world.
• Grandeur (भव्यता): The quality of being magnificent or splendid.
• Example: The grandeur of the Taj Mahal leaves visitors awestruck.

The correct answer is Option 2 i.e 'Conjunction'.

Key Points

• The underlined word "unless" is used to connect two clauses, indicating a condition that must be met for the action in the main clause to take place.
• Conjunctions are words that join words, phrases, or clauses, and in this case, "unless" joins the main clause "You won't have permission to go there" with the conditional clause "you have a valid permit for that".
• The word "unless" introduces a condition, which is a common function of conjunctions.
• Conjunctions can be coordinating, subordinating, or correlative. "Unless" is a subordinating conjunction as it introduces a dependent clause.

Therefore, the correct answer is- Option 2.

Additional Information

• Preposition: A preposition shows the relationship between a noun (or pronoun) and other words in a sentence. "Unless" does not show such a relationship.
• Adverb: An adverb modifies a verb, adjective, or other adverb by giving more information about it. "Unless" does not modify any part of the sentence in this way.
• Interjection: An interjection is an abrupt remark, usually punctuated with an exclamation mark, expressing strong emotion. "Unless" is not used in this manner.

The correct answer is '3' i.e. Adverb Clause .

Key Points

• In the given sentence, the clause "when they had finished their work" provides additional information about the time of the action described in the main clause.
• An adverb clause modifies the verb in the main clause by answering questions such as when, where, why, how, to what extent, or under what conditions.
• The clause begins with the subordinating conjunction "when", which is a key indicator of an adverb clause.

Correct sentence: They lay down when they had finished their work.

Additional Information

• Noun Clause:
• Functions as a noun in the sentence.
• Example: I believe that he is honest.
• Adjective Clause:
• Modifies a noun or pronoun.
• Example: The book that you gave me is interesting.
• Principal Clause:
• Stands alone as a complete sentence.
• Example: They lay down.

इसका सही उत्तर "विरोधी तत्वों का।

Key Points

गद्यांश के अनुसार ,

• कबीर के व्यक्तित्व में विरोधी तत्वों का समन्वय था,
• जिसमें वे हिन्दू और मुसलमान दोनों थे।
• वे संत और गृहस्थ भी थे।
• इसके अलावा, वे कवि, समाज सुधारक और समाज में एकता उत्पन्न करने वाले उपदेशक थे।
• इसलिए, सही उत्तर विरोधी तत्वों का है।

Additional Information अन्य विकल्प:

विपरीत विचारों का -

• गद्यांश में 'विरोधी तत्वों' का उल्लेख है, 'विपरीत विचारों' का नहीं।

समाज विरोधी विचारों का -

• कबीर समाज विरोधी नहीं थे, बल्कि वे समाज सुधारक थे।

विरोधी प्रवृत्तियों का -

• गद्यांश में 'विरोधी तत्वों' का उल्लेख है, 'विरोधी प्रवृत्तियों' का नहीं।

कबीर के बारे में सही कथन नहीं है : कबीर ने अपना धर्म सम्प्रदाय चलाया।

Key Points

• गद्यांश के अनुसार -
• एक साथ ही वे हिन्दू भी थे और मुसलमान भी। संत भी वे थे और गृहस्थ भी।
• वे कवि और समाज सुधारक थे और समाज के विभिन्न वर्गों में एकता उत्पन्न करने वाले उपदेशक भी थे।
• उन्होंने स्वयं कोई धर्म-सम्प्रदाय नहीं चलाया था।

Additional Information

• कबीर ने अपना धर्म सम्प्रदाय चलाया। - गद्यांश में उन्होंने स्वयं कोई धर्म-सम्प्रदाय नहीं चलाया था।

कबीरदास ने धर्म प्रचार नहीं किया।

Key Points

• गद्यांश के अनुसार -
• एक साथ ही वे हिन्दू भी थे और मुसलमान भी। संत भी वे थे और गृहस्थ भी।
• वे कवि और समाज सुधारक थे और समाज के विभिन्न वर्गों में एकता उत्पन्न करने वाले उपदेशक भी थे।
• उन्होंने स्वयं कोई धर्म-सम्प्रदाय नहीं चलाया था।

Additional Information

• धर्म प्रचार - गद्यांश में 'धर्म प्रचार' की चर्चा कही भी नहीं की गयी है।

'यह मेरा चश्मा है' वाक्य के रेखांकित शब्द में कारक है : संबंध

Key Points

• वाक्य - यह मेरा चश्मा है।
• वाक्य में वक्ता एवं चश्मा के बीच में संबंध बताया जा रहा है, अतः यह उदाहरण संबंध कारक के अंतर्गत आएगा।
• संज्ञा या सर्वनाम का वह रूप जो हमें किन्हीं दो वस्तुओं के बीच संबंध का बोध कराता है, वह संबंध कारक कहलाता है।
• सम्बन्ध कारक के विभक्ति चिन्ह का, के, की, ना, ने, नो, रा, रे, री आदि हैं।
• जैसे -
• यह सुरेश की बहन है।
• बच्चे का सिर दुःख रहा है।

Important Points

Additional Information 

वचन के आधार पर असंगत शब्द युग्म है : विद्यार्थी - विद्यार्थीयों

Key Points

• ​'विद्यार्थी' शब्द का बहुवचन 'विद्यार्थीगण' होता है।
• शब्द के जिस रूप से अनेकता का बोध हो, उसे बहुवचन कहते हैं।
• जैसे - लड़के, गायें, कपड़े, टोपियाँ, मालाएँ, माताएँ, पुस्तकें, वधुएँ, रोटियाँ, स्त्रियाँ, लताएँ, बेटे आदि।
• शब्द के जिस रूप से एक ही वस्तु का बोध हो, उसे एकवचन कहते हैं।
• जैसे- लड़का, गाय, सिपाही, बच्चा, कपड़ा, माता, माला, पुस्तक, स्त्री, टोपी, बंदर, मोर आदि।

अन��य विकल्प - 

Important Points 

Additional Information 

'कपड़ा' शब्द का पर्यायवाची शब्द नहीं है : धरित्री

Key Points

• 'कपड़ा' का सही पर्यायवाची शब्द 'पट, वसन, चीर' होगा।
• 'कपड़ा' के अन्य पर्यायवाची शब्द - वस्त्र, पोशाक, परिधान, अंबर, अंशुक, चेल, लिबास।
• 'धरती' के सभी पर्यायवाची शब्द - पृथ्वी, भूमि, वसुधा, धरित्री, वसुंधरा, भू, ज़मीन, धरा, धरणी, अचला, मही।
• पर्यायवाची - जो शब्द समान अर्थ के कारण किसी दूसरे शब्द की जगह ले लेते हैं, उन्हें पर्यायवाची शब्द कहते हैं।

Additional Information कुछ अन्य महत्वपूर्ण पर्यायवाची शब्द:-

विलोमार्थी शब्द युग्मों में असंगत है : कुटिल - सहज

Key Points

• '​कुटिल' शब्द का विलोम शब्द 'सरल' या 'ऋजु' होता है।
• 'कुटिल'' का अर्थ -  टेढ़े आकार का, वक्र।
• 'सरल' का अर्थ - जो सीधा चला गया हो, सीधा सादा।
• 'अ​सहज' शब्द का विलोम शब्द 'सहज' होता है।
• 'अ​सहज' का अर्थ - जो सहज न हो, असामान्य ।
• '​सहज' का अर्थ - जो किसी के साथ उत्पन्न हुआ हो।
• विलोम - जो शब्द किसी एक शब्द के विपरीत अर्थ को व्यक्त करते हैं, वे विलोम शब्द कहलाते हैं।

अन्य विकल्प-

Additional Information  कुछ अन्य महत्वपूर्ण विलोम शब्द -

लिंग के आधार पर असंगत शब्द युग्म है : दाता - दत्री

• 'दत्री' शब्द में वर्तनी सम्बन्धित त्रुटि है।

Key Points

• 'दाता' (पुल्लिंग) शब्द का स्त्रीलिंग रूप 'दात्री' होगा।
• पुल्लिंग - शब्द के जिस रूप से पुरुष जाति का बोध होता है, उसे पुल्लिंग कहते हैं।
• जैसे- बकरा, घोड़ा, लड़का, आदमी, शेर, हाथी, भेड़िया, बन्दर, बालक, शिशु, राजा, राजकुमार आदि।
• स्त्रीलिंग - शब्द के जिस रूप से व्यक्ति या वस्तु की स्त्री जाति का बोध होता है, उसे स्त्रीलिंग कहते हैं।
• जैसे - माता, लड़की, भेड़, गाय, बंदरिया, मछली, बुढ़िया, शेरनी, नारी, रानी, राजकुमारी, बहन आदि।

अन्य विकल्प-

Important Points 

Additional Information लिंग दो प्रकार के होते हैं-

1. पुल्लिंग
2. स्त्रीलिंग

'न तीन में न तेरह में' मुहावरे का सटीक अर्थ है : कहीं का न रहना

Key Points

• 'न तीन में न तेरह में' का अर्थ है- कहीं का न रहना।
• वाक्य प्रयोग - सोहन घर हो या कार्यालय हर जगह "न तीन में न तेरह में" समझा जाता है।
• मुहावरा - ऐसे वाक्यांश, जो सामान्य अर्थ का बोध न कराकर किसी विलक्षण अर्थ को प्रकट करते है, उसे मुहावरा कहते है।
• उदाहरण के लिए - '​घर का चिराग गुल होना' का अर्थ - पुत्र की मृत्यु होना।
• वाक्य प्रयोग - यह सुनकर बड़ा दुःख हुआ कि मेरे मित्र के "घर का चिराग गुल हो गया"।

Important Points  

Additional Information 

'जिसको आपने बुलाया था, वह बाजार गया है।' - वाक्य के रेखांकित शब्द में सर्वनाम है : संबंधवाचक

Key Points

• वाक्य - जिसको आपने बुलाया था, वह बाजार गया है।
• वाक्य में 'जिसको-वह' शब्दों के जरिये किन्हीं दो चीजों में सम्बन्ध बताया जा रहा है। इस कारण से जिसको-वह सम्बन्धवाचक सर्वनाम के उदाहरण हैं।
• जिस सर्वनाम से वाक्य में किसी दूसरे सर्वनाम से संबंध स्थापित किया जाए, उसे संबंधवाचक सर्वनाम कहते हैं।
• जैसे - जैसी, तैसी, वैसी, जैसा, वैसा, जो, सो, जहाँ, वहाँ, जिसकी, उसकी, जितना, उतना आदि।
• जो सोएगा, सो खोएगा। जैसा करोगे, वैसा भरोगे।

Important Points सर्वनाम के छ: भेद होते हैं -

1. पुरुषवाचक सर्वनाम
2. निश्चयवाचक सर्वनाम
3. अनिश्चयवाचक सर्वनाम
4. सम्बन्धवाचक सर्वनाम
5. प्रश्नवाचक सर्वनाम
6. निजवाचक सर्वनाम।

Additional Information

  

The correct answer is Coal India.

Key Points

• Coal India Limited was awarded the Rashtriya Khel Protsahan Puraskar 2022 under the category 'Encouragement to Sports through Corporate Social Responsibility'.
• The award recognizes Coal India's significant contributions to the promotion and development of sports in India.
• Coal India has been actively involved in supporting various sports initiatives and nurturing young talent through its CSR activities.
• The recognition highlights Coal India's commitment to fostering a sporting culture and providing opportunities for athletes to excel.

Additional Information

• Rashtriya Khel Protsahan Puraskar
• It is an award instituted by the Government of India to recognize the contributions of organizations and individuals in promoting sports in the country.
• The award is part of the National Sports Awards given annually to celebrate excellence in sports and sports management.
• Various categories under the award include 'Identification and Nurturing of Budding and Young Talent', 'Encouragement to Sports through Corporate Social Responsibility', among others.
• Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)
• CSR refers to the efforts made by companies to contribute positively to society and the environment.
• It involves initiatives that go beyond the financial interests of the company and aim to improve societal welfare.
• In India, CSR activities are mandated under the Companies Act, 2013, for certain categories of companies.
• Coal India Limited (CIL)
• CIL is a state-owned coal mining corporation controlled by the Ministry of Coal, Government of India.
• It is the largest coal-producing company in the world and a Maharatna public sector undertaking.
• CIL has been involved in various CSR activities, including health, education, and sports.
• Importance of Sports Promotion
• Promoting sports contributes to the overall development of individuals, including physical fitness, mental well-being, and teamwork skills.
• It helps in identifying and nurturing talent at the grassroots level, leading to the creation of a strong pool of athletes.
• Sports promotion also fosters national pride and unity, as well as enhances the country's international sporting reputation.

The correct answer is Sivaranjaniyum Innum Sila Pengallum.

Key Points

• Sivaranjaniyum Innum Sila Pengallum is a Tamil-language anthology film directed by Vasanth S. Sai.
• The film tells the stories of three women from different periods, showcasing their struggles and resilience.
• The film was highly praised for its strong narrative and powerful performances by the cast.
• The film's impactful storytelling and direction earned it the prestigious 'Best Feature Film' award at the 68^th National Film Awards in 2020.

Additional Information

• National Film Awards
• The National Film Awards is one of the most prominent film award ceremonies in India, established in 1954.
• The awards are presented annually by the Directorate of Film Festivals, an organization set up by the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, India.
• The awards aim to encourage the production of films of aesthetic and technical excellence and social relevance.
• The awards are given in various categories including Best Feature Film, Best Actor, Best Actress, Best Director, and more.
• 68^th National Film Awards
• The 68^th National Film Awards were announced in 2021 to honor the best films of 2020.
• The awards ceremony was delayed due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
• Despite the challenges, the awards were conducted with the same level of prestige and honor.
• Sivaranjaniyum Innum Sila Pengallum
• The film is based on the short stories of writers Ashokamitran, Adhavan, and Jeyamohan.
• It features actresses Lakshmi Priyaa Chandramouli, Parvathy Thiruvothu, and Kalieswari Srinivasan in lead roles.
• The film highlights the everyday struggles faced by women and their silent strength and resilience.

The correct answer is option 2.

Key Points

• P T Usha has been elected as the President of the Indian Olympic Association.
• She was elected unopposed as the President of the Indian Olympic Association.
• She is the first woman to occupy the post of the President of the Indian Olympic Association.
• P T Usha is a member of Rajya Sabha.

Additional Information

• Indian Olympic Association (IOA)
• The IOA is the body responsible for selecting athletes to represent India at the Olympic Games, Asian Games, and other international athletic meets.
• It also manages the Indian contingent at these events and is responsible for the development and promotion of the Olympic movement in India.
• P T Usha
• P T Usha, also known as the "Payyoli Express," is one of India's most celebrated athletes, known for her achievements in track and field events.
• She has won multiple medals in international competitions, including the Asian Games and the Asian Championships.
• In recognition of her contributions to sports, she has been awarded several honors, including the Padma Shri and the Arjuna Award.
• Rajya Sabha
• The Rajya Sabha is the upper house of the Parliament of India. Members of the Rajya Sabha are not elected by the public but by the elected members of the State Legislative Assemblies, and by the members of the Electoral college for Union Territories, in accordance with the system of proportional representation by means of the single transferable vote.
• The Rajya Sabha has a maximum membership of 250, of which 238 are representatives of States and Union territories, and 12 are nominated by the President of India.

The correct answer is Abau Abwyni Solo.

Key Points

• Abau Abwyni Solo was awarded the Bal Sahitya Puraskar 2022 in the Bodo language category.
• The Bal Sahitya Puraskar is awarded by the Sahitya Akademi, which is India's National Academy of Letters.
• The award is given to recognize and promote children's literature in India.
• The award includes a plaque and a cash prize, encouraging authors to contribute towards children's literature.

Additional Information

• Sahitya Akademi
• The Sahitya Akademi is India's National Academy of Letters, established in 1954.
• It aims to promote literary activities in Indian languages and to foster cultural unity and integration.
• The Akademi presents awards annually to writers in 24 Indian languages, including English.
• It also organizes literary events, seminars, workshops, and publishes books, journals, and bibliographies to support literary talent.
• Bal Sahitya Puraskar
• The Bal Sahitya Puraskar is an award given by the Sahitya Akademi to recognize and promote children's literature.
• This award is given annually in various Indian languages.
• Winners of the award receive a plaque and a cash prize.
• The award acknowledges the importance of children's literature in nurturing young minds and encouraging a reading habit among children.
• Bodo Language
• Bodo is a Tibeto-Burman language spoken by the Bodo people in northeastern India.
• It is one of the 22 scheduled languages in India and is primarily spoken in the state of Assam.
• Bodo has a rich literary tradition and is written in the Devanagari script.
• The promotion of Bodo literature is crucial for the preservation and growth of the language and its cultural heritage.

The correct answer is Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva.

Key Points

• Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva, commonly known as Lula, is a Brazilian politician and former union leader who served as President of Brazil from 2003 to 2011.
• He was re-elected as President in the 2022 Presidential election, defeating the incumbent Jair Bolsonaro.
• Lula is a founding member of the Workers' Party (Partido dos Trabalhadores - PT) and is known for his pro-worker policies and social programs.
• His election in 2022 marked his return to power after more than a decade, during which he faced legal battles and imprisonment on corruption charges that were later annulled by the Supreme Court.

Additional Information

• Brazilian Presidential Election
• The Brazilian Presidential Election is held every four years to elect the President and Vice President of Brazil.
• The election is conducted in two rounds if no candidate receives more than 50% of the vote in the first round.
• The 2022 election was highly polarized, with significant political and social implications for Brazil's future.
• Political History of Lula
• Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva was a metalworker and union leader before entering politics.
• He co-founded the Workers' Party (PT) in 1980 and ran for President multiple times before winning in 2002.
• His presidency was marked by significant social reforms and economic growth, lifting millions out of poverty.
• However, his later years were overshadowed by corruption scandals, leading to his imprisonment in 2018, though his convictions were annulled in 2021.
• Jair Bolsonaro
• Jair Bolsonaro is a Brazilian politician and retired military officer who served as the 38^th President of Brazil from 2019 to 2022.
• He is known for his far-right political views and controversial statements on various social and political issues.
• Bolsonaro's tenure was marked by significant political polarization, economic challenges, and controversies, including his handling of the COVID-19 pandemic.

The correct answer is Music.

Key Points

• John Newlands was an English chemist who proposed the Law of Octaves in 1864.
• He noticed that when elements were arranged by increasing atomic weight, every eighth element had similar properties, akin to the octaves in music.
• The term "octave" in music refers to the interval between one musical pitch and another with double its frequency.
• Newlands' law was one of the earliest attempts to classify elements and showed periodicity in the properties of elements.

Additional Information

• Law of Octaves
• The Law of Octaves was proposed by John Newlands in 1864.
• It states that when elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic weights, the properties of every eighth element are similar to the first.
• This law was an early precursor to the modern periodic table.
• Although Newlands' Law of Octaves was criticized and not accepted initially, it highlighted the periodic nature of elements, paving the way for future developments in the periodic classification of elements.
• Periodic Table
• The periodic table is a tabular arrangement of chemical elements, ordered by their atomic number, electron configuration, and recurring chemical properties.
• Elements are presented in order of increasing atomic number in rows called periods and columns called groups.
• The table provides a useful framework for analyzing chemical behavior and is widely used in chemistry and other sciences.
• Atomic Weight
• The atomic weight (or relative atomic mass) of an element is the average mass of atoms of an element, measured in atomic mass units (amu).
• It takes into account the relative abundances of different isotopes of the element.

The correct answer is Personification of the law.

Key Points

• During the French Revolution, the "Winged Woman" symbol primarily represented the law, portrayed as fair, rational, and just — reflecting the revolution’s core ideals.
• Although the symbol reflected Enlightenment values like liberty and equality indirectly, it was not specifically used to represent the Enlightenment itself.
• The winged figure often held items like the scales of justice or a tablet of laws, emphasizing justice, equality, and governance rather than knowledge or learning.
• Among the given options, the most accurate interpretation is “Personification of the law,” making option 1 the correct answer.

Additional Information

• French Revolution (1789-1799)
• A period of far-reaching social and political upheaval in France that lasted from 1789 until 1799.
• It led to the rise of democracy and the decline of monarchies and religious authorities.
• Key events include the Storming of the Bastille, the Reign of Terror, and the rise of Napoleon Bonaparte.
• The revolution is considered a major event in world history, influencing other revolutionary movements worldwide.
• Enlightenment
• An intellectual and philosophical movement that dominated the world of ideas in Europe during the 17^th and 18^th centuries.
• It emphasized reason, individualism, and skepticism of traditional doctrines.
• Philosophers like Voltaire, Rousseau, and Montesquieu were prominent figures of this movement.
• The Enlightenment laid the groundwork for modern democratic governance and the scientific method.
• Symbols of the French Revolution
• The Tricolour Cockade: Symbolized the unity of the revolutionaries.
• The Phrygian Cap: Represented freedom and the pursuit of liberty.
• The Guillotine: A symbol of the Reign of Terror and the revolutionary justice system.
• The Liberty Tree: Represented freedom and was planted in many towns to symbolize the revolution.

The correct answer is System of Proportional Representation.

Key Points

• The election of the Vice-President of India is conducted using the System of Proportional Representation.
• This system ensures that the election is conducted through a single transferable vote, providing a fair representation of all voters.
• Members of both Houses of Parliament participate in the election process for the Vice-President.
• The proportional representation system helps maintain a balance and prevents the domination of a single party in the Vice-President's election.

Additional Information

• System of Alternate Voting
• This system is also known as instant-runoff voting.
• Voters rank the candidates in order of preference.
• If no candidate gets a majority in the first round, the candidate with the fewest votes is eliminated, and their votes are transferred to the remaining candidates based on the voters' next preferences.
• First Past the Post System
• This is the simplest form of plurality/majority electoral system.
• The candidate with the most votes in a constituency wins.
• It is commonly used in countries like the UK and India for parliamentary elections.
• Two Round System
• This system is used in French presidential elections.
• If no candidate achieves a majority in the first round, a second round is held between the top two candidates.
• The candidate with the most votes in the second round wins.
• Proportional Representation
• This system aims to allocate seats in proportion to the number of votes each party receives.
• It is designed to reflect the overall distribution of public support for each party.
• There are different methods to implement proportional representation, such as the single transferable vote (STV) or party-list proportional representation.

The correct answer is Chandigarh.

Key Points

• According to the National Family Health Survey (NFHS) 2019-2021, Chandigarh has the highest percentage of population living in households that use improved sanitation facilities among the Union Territories in India.
• Improved sanitation facilities include flush/pour flush to piped sewer systems, septic tanks, or pit latrines, ventilated improved pit latrines, and composting toilets.
• Chandigarh is a well-planned city and has been developed with modern infrastructure, which includes proper sanitation facilities for its residents.
• The high percentage of improved sanitation facilities in Chandigarh reflects the city's commitment to public health and hygiene standards.

Additional Information

• National Family Health Survey (NFHS)
• It is a large-scale, multi-round survey conducted in a representative sample of households throughout India.
• The survey provides essential data on health and family welfare, and emerging issues in this area.
• The NFHS aims to provide reliable and up-to-date data on health and family welfare, which can be used for policy formulation and program implementation.
• NFHS is conducted under the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India.
• Improved Sanitation Facility
• It refers to sanitation facilities that ensure hygienic separation of human excreta from human contact.
• Examples include flush/pour flush to piped sewer systems, septic tanks, pit latrines, ventilated improved pit latrines, and composting toilets.
• Improved sanitation is crucial for public health as it reduces the spread of diseases and enhances the quality of life.
• Access to improved sanitation is one of the indicators used to measure progress towards Sustainable Development Goal 6 (Clean Water and Sanitation).
• Sustainable Development Goal 6 (SDG 6)
• SDG 6 aims to ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all by 2030.
• It includes targets for improving water quality, increasing water-use efficiency, and ensuring access to adequate and equitable sanitation and hygiene for all.
• Achieving SDG 6 requires investment in infrastructure, sanitation facilities, and promoting hygiene practices.
• It also involves protecting and restoring water-related ecosystems and supporting local communities in improving water and sanitation management.

The correct answer is Mustard.

Key Points

• Mustard is a Rabi crop, which means it is sown in winter and harvested in spring.
• Rabi crops are also known as winter crops and they require cool growing season and warm maturation period.
• Mustard is typically sown from October to December and harvested from February to April.
• Common examples of Rabi crops include wheat, barley, peas, and gram, besides mustard.

Additional Information

• Rabi Crops
• Rabi crops are sown at the beginning of the winter season and harvested in the spring season.
• These crops require a cool climate during the growing period and a warm climate during the germination of seeds and maturation.
• Rabi crops generally rely on irrigation as they are grown in areas where the winter season does not provide much rainfall.
• They are essential for ensuring food security and are a significant part of the agricultural economy.
• Kharif Crops
• These are also known as monsoon crops, sown at the beginning of the first rains in June and harvested in September or October.
• Kharif crops require warm and wet conditions for growth.
• Examples of Kharif crops include rice (paddy), maize, cotton, and sugarcane.
• Types of Crops Based on Seasons
• Rabi Crops: Sown in winter and harvested in spring (e.g., wheat, mustard).
• Kharif Crops: Sown in the rainy season and harvested in autumn (e.g., rice, maize).
• Zaid Crops: Grown between Rabi and Kharif seasons, typically between March and June (e.g., watermelon, cucumber).

The logic followed here is:

Thus, there are 8 such pairs of consecutive numbers.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 4".

Given:

Eight birds Z, Y, X, W, V, U, T and S are sitting on the corners of octagonal fencing.

 'Y' is sitting between 'T' and 'W'.

'S' is third to the left of 'Y' and second to the right of 'Z'.

'X' is between 'Z' and 'T'.

'Y' and 'V' are not sitting opposite to each other.

Thus, 'U' is sitting second to the left of 'V'.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 2".

Given:

A man walks 10 metres towards west and turns to right, walks 8 metres.

Turns to left, walks 7 metres and turns to right, walks 5 metres. He then turns to right, walks 20 metres and finally turns to right and walks 3 metres.

Thus, 'Man' is facing south direction.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 3".

Given: 

Statement I: Raju's rank from the top is two ranks below Jatin who ranks 27^th from the bottom.

Jatin's rank from the bottom is 27^th.

Total students = 30.

Jatin's rank from the top = Total students - Jatin's rank from the bottom + 1

Jatin's rank from the top = 30 - 27 + 1 = 4^th.

Raju's rank from the top is two ranks below Jatin.

Raju's rank from the top = Jatin's rank from the top + 2

Raju's rank from the top = 4 + 2 = 6^th.

Therefore, Statement I is sufficient to answer the question.

Statement II: Raju ranks four ranks above Meenu who ranks 21^st from the bottom.

Meenu's rank from the bottom is 21^st.

Total students = 30.

Meenu's rank from the top = Total students - Meenu's rank from the bottom + 1

Meenu's rank from the top = 30 - 21 + 1 = 10^th.

Raju ranks four ranks above Meenu.

Raju's rank from the top = Meenu's rank from the top - 4

Raju's rank from the top = 10 - 4 = 6^th.

Therefore, Statement II is also sufficient to answer the question.

Thus, either Statement I alone or Statement II alone is sufficient to answer the question.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 3".

Given:

Square represents married,

Circle represents educated,

Triangle represents men

Rectangle represents dancers

Thus, there are '4' educated unmarried men are there who are not dancers.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 2".

The correct answer is Mouse.

Key Points

• A mouse is a pointing device used to interact with the computer's user interface.
• It is primarily used to move the cursor on the screen and to execute commands through clicks.
• The mouse is considered an input device as it sends user actions (like clicks and movements) to the computer for processing.
• Common output devices include printers, monitors, and speakers, which present data from the computer to the user.

Additional Information

• Input Devices
• Devices like keyboards, mice, scanners, and microphones are used to provide data and control signals to the computer.
• These devices convert user actions and inputs into digital signals that the computer can process.
• Output Devices
• Devices such as monitors, printers, and speakers are used to convey information from the computer to the user.
• They convert digital signals from the computer into a form perceptible to humans (visual, printed, or audio output).
• Difference Between Input and Output Devices
• Input devices send data to the computer, whereas output devices receive data from the computer.
• Examples of input devices include the keyboard and mouse; examples of output devices include monitors and printers.
• Peripheral Devices
• Peripheral devices are external devices connected to the computer, such as input and output devices.
• They enhance the computer's functionality by facilitating user interaction and data presentation.

The correct answer is Microsoft Edge.

Key Points

• Microsoft Edge is a popular web browser developed by Microsoft.
• A web browser is a software application for retrieving, presenting, and traversing information resources on the World Wide Web.
• Web browsers can display text, images, videos, and other multimedia content.
• Other popular web browsers include Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox, and Apple Safari.
• Web browsers are essential tools for accessing and navigating the internet.

Additional Information

• Microsoft Office is a suite of productivity applications including Word, Excel, and PowerPoint.
• It is not a web browser but a set of tools for document creation, data analysis, and presentations.
• Microsoft Teams is a collaboration platform that combines workplace chat, meetings, and file sharing.
• It is designed for teamwork and communication within organizations.
• Microsoft Outlook is an email client and personal information manager.
• It is used for sending and receiving emails, managing contacts, and organizing calendars.

The correct answer is Microphone.

Key Points

• Microphone is an input device.
• An input device is any piece of computer hardware equipment used to provide data and control signals to an information processing system such as a computer or information appliance. 
• Examples include keyboards, mouse, scanners, cameras, joysticks, Bar Code Reader, and microphones.
• Microphones capture audio data and are not typically a source for viruses.
• Other common sources of viruses include pen drives, email attachments, and downloaded free software.

Additional Information

• Pen drives can carry infected files and transfer them to your system.
• Email attachments are a common method for spreading viruses and malware.
• Downloaded free software can be bundled with malicious code.
• Always use reliable antivirus software and exercise caution when dealing with unknown sources.

The correct answer is Local Area Network.

Key Points

• A Local Area Network (LAN) is a network that connects computers and devices in a limited geographical area such as a home, school, or office building.
• LANs are commonly used to share resources like files, printers, and internet connections.
• They typically use Ethernet or Wi-Fi to connect devices.
• In this scenario, connecting two buildings within the same campus using optical fibre constitutes a LAN since the area covered is limited to the school campus.
• LANs provide high data transfer rates and are often managed by a single organization or individual.

Additional Information

• Personal Area Network (PAN): A network for interconnecting devices centered around an individual person's workspace, typically within a range of a few meters.
• Metropolitan Area Network (MAN): A network that spans a city or large campus, used to connect multiple LANs within a city or metropolitan area.
• Wide Area Network (WAN): A network that covers a broad area (i.e., any telecommunications network that links across metropolitan, regional, or national boundaries) and often uses leased telecommunication lines.

The correct answer is Secure.

Key Points

• In the browsing protocol https, the letter 's' stands for Secure.
• HTTPS is the secure version of HTTP, the protocol over which data is sent between your browser and the website that you are connected to.
• The 'S' at the end of HTTPS stands for 'Secure'. It means all communications between your browser and the website are encrypted.
• Using HTTPS ensures that data sent and received is secured via encryption, protecting it from potential eavesdropping and man-in-the-middle attacks.

Additional Information

• HTTP stands for HyperText Transfer Protocol.
• It is the foundation of any data exchange on the Web and it is a protocol used for transmitting hypertext requests and information between servers and browsers.
• HTTP is an application layer protocol designed within the framework of the Internet Protocol Suite.
• SSL/TLS
• HTTPS uses SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) or TLS (Transport Layer Security) to encrypt data.
• SSL/TLS provides a secure channel over an insecure network in a client-server architecture, protecting data integrity and confidentiality.