KVS PRT Official Paper (Held On 26 Feb 2023 Shift 2) (Previous Year Paper)

The correct answer is: Option 2.

Key Points

• The word "breach" means an act of breaking or failing to observe a law, agreement, or code of conduct. (उल्लंघन)
• Example: The company was sued for a breach of contract.
• "Violation" refers to the act of violating or breaking a rule or law. (उल्लंघन)
• Example: Speeding is a violation of traffic laws.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Option 2.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Lack (कमी): The state of being without or not having enough of something.
• Example: There is a lack of evidence in this case.
• Virtue (सद्गुण): Behavior showing high moral standards.
• Example: Patience is a virtue.
• Blame (दोष): Assign responsibility for a fault or wrong.
• Example: He took the blame for the accident.

The correct answer is: Option 4 i.e. Vitality.

Key Points

• The word "lethargy" means a lack of energy and enthusiasm; it refers to a state of sluggishness, inactivity, and apathy. (सुस्ती)
• Example: After a long day at work, he felt a wave of lethargy and just wanted to sleep.
• "Vitality" refers to the state of being strong, active, and full of energy; it is the opposite of lethargy. (जीवंतता)
• Example: Her vitality and enthusiasm for life are truly inspiring.
• Hence, we can infer that the opposite of 'lethargy' is 'vitality'.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Vitality.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Fatigue (थकान): Extreme tiredness resulting from mental or physical exertion.
• Example: After running the marathon, she was overcome with fatigue.
• Suspicion (संदेह ): A feeling or thought that something is possible, likely, or true.
• Example: His sudden wealth raised suspicion among his colleagues.
• Lust (वासना): A very strong sexual desire.
• Example: He was driven by lust and greed.

The correct answer is '4' i.e. adverb.

Key Points

• In the given sentence, the word "Rati" is a proper noun referring to a specific person.
• The word "just" is an adverb modifying the verb "caught."
• The word "caught" is a verb indicating the action performed by the subject.
• The word "the" is an article used to specify the noun "train."
• The word "train" is a common noun referring to a mode of transportation.

Hence, the correct answer is option 4.

The correct answer is Option (3) i.e. I think that Anshul is too clever for you.

Key Points

• The sentence begins with the subject "I think," which is correctly indicated by part (B).
• Following the subject, "that Anshul" (D) continues the logical sequence, making it clear who is being talked about.
• The next part, "is too clever" (A E) continues the description of Anshul.
• Ending with "for you" (C) completes the sentence by stating for whom Anshul is too clever.

Therefore, the correct answer is I think that Anshul is too clever for you.

Additional Information

• Option 1 (A, B, C, E, D): This option starts with "is too I think for you clever that Anshul," which is grammatically incorrect.
• Option 2 (B, D, A, C, E): This option starts with "I think that Anshul is too for you clever," which is not logically sequenced.
• Option 4 (D, E, A, C, B): This option starts with "that Anshul clever is too for you I think," which creates a fragmented sentence structure.

The correct answer is Option 2.

Key Points

• Passive voice structure: The object of the active voice sentence becomes the subject of the passive voice sentence.
• In the active voice, the sentence is: "A gift was bought for me by Lata."
• To convert to active voice: Identify the subject "Lata" and the action "bought a gift."
• Reorder the sentence to place the subject "Lata" at the beginning.
• Ensure the action "bought a gift" follows the subject directly.
• The recipient "me" should be placed at the end of the sentence.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 2.

Correct Sentence: "Lata bought a gift for me."

Additional Information

• Option 1: "I was bought a gift." – The subject "Lata" is missing, making the sentence incomplete.
• Option 3: "Lata buys a gift for me." – Incorrect tense (present simple instead of past simple).
• Option 4: "I bought a gift for Lata." – Incorrect subject and object; the roles are reversed.

The correct answer is Option 3.

Key Points

• Direct Speech: The teacher said, "Rama, when will you complete your answer?"
• Indirect Speech Rule: Interrogative sentences are converted using a reporting verb like "asked" and the sentence becomes a statement.
• The helping verb "will" shifts to "would" (backshift of tense).
• The interrogative structure changes to assertive form (subject + verb order).
• Pronoun Change:
• "you" changes to "she" (referring to Rama).
• "your" changes to "her".
• Punctuation:
• Question mark is removed in indirect speech.
• Thus, the correct sentence is: "The teacher asked Rama when she would complete her answer."

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 3.

Correct Sentence: "The teacher asked Rama when she would complete her answer."

Additional Information

• Option 1: Uses incorrect word order "when would she" which is not used in indirect speech.
• Option 2: Incorrect because it retains the question mark in indirect speech.
• Option 4: Incorrect verb usage ("enquired Rama" should be "enquired of Rama") and wrong structure "when would she".

The correct answer is Option 2.

Key Points

• The error in the sentence is the use of "than" instead of "when."
• After the phrase "Hardly had," the correct conjunction to use is "when."
• The corrected part of the sentence should be "when it."
• Thus, the error is located in part C of the sentence.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 2.

Correct Sentence: "Hardly had he left home when it began to rain."

The correct answer is 'reached'.

Key Points

• The verb "reached" is the simple past tense form of the verb "reach."
• The sentence describes an action that occurred in the past, so the past tense "reached" is required.
• Options 1, 3, and 4 are grammatically incorrect in this context.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 2.

Complete Sentence: "She was waiting for me when I reached there."

Additional Information

• Option 1: "had reached" is incorrect because it implies a past perfect tense which is unnecessary in this context.
• Option 3: "would reach" is incorrect; it implies a conditional future tense which is not suitable here.
• Option 4: "will reach" is incorrect because it implies a future tense which does not match the past context of the sentence.

The correct answer is 'at'.

Key Points

• The preposition "at" is commonly used with verbs like "knock."
• The sentence describes an action involving knocking on the door, so the preposition "at" is appropriate.
• Options 1, 2, and 4 are grammatically incorrect in this context.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 3.

Complete Sentence: "I knocked at the door but no one answered."

Additional Information

• Option 1: "into" is incorrect because it implies movement inside, which does not fit the context.
• Option 2: "in" is incorrect because it does not fit the context of knocking on the door.
• Option 4: "off" is incorrect because it implies separation or removal, which does not fit the context.

The correct answer is: Option 1.

Key Points

• The word "take off" means to remove something, especially an item of clothing. (उतारना)
• Example: Please take off your hat when you enter the building.
• "Dirty" means covered or marked with an unclean substance. (गंदा)
• Example: His clothes were dirty after playing in the mud.
• Hence, it is logical to "take off" your shoes when they are dirty.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Option 1.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Put off (टालना): To delay or postpone an event or activity.
• Example: She decided to put off the meeting until next week.
• Get of (गलत): Incorrect option, does not fit in the context.
• Example: Not applicable.
• Take out (निकालना): To remove something from a particular place.
• Example: Please take out the trash before you leave.

मनुष्य बुद्ध बन सकता है जिसे किसी भी वस्तु की लालसा न हो।

Key Points

• गद्यांश के अनुसार -
• केवल वही व्यक्ति सबकी अपेक्षा उत्तम रूप से कार्य करता है, जो पूर्णतया निःस्वार्थी है जिसे न तो धन की लालसा है, ​
• न कीर्ति की और न किसी अन्य वस्तु की ही और मनुष्य जब ऐसा करने में समर्थ हो जाएगा तो वह भी एक बुद्ध बन जाएगा।

Additional Informationअन्य विकल्प -

• जिसे घर-संसार त्यागने की इच्छा हो - गद्यांश में 'घर-संसार त्यागने की इच्छा' की चर्चा कही भी नहीं किया गया है।
• जिसे धन की लालसा न हो  - गद्यांश में केवल 'धन की लालसा न होने' से मनुष्य बुद्ध नहीं बन सकता है।
• जो बुद्ध जैसा बनना चाहता है - गद्यांश में मनुष्य जब ऐसा करने में समर्थ हो जाएगा तो वह भी एक बुद्ध बन जाएगा।

जिसमें स्वार्थ नहीं है व्यक्ति श्रेष्ठ कार्य कर सकता है। 

Key Points

• गद्यांश के अनुसार -
• केवल वही व्यक्ति सबकी अपेक्षा उत्तम रूप से कार्य करता है, जो पूर्णतया निःस्वार्थी है जिसे न तो धन की लालसा है,
• न कीर्ति की और न किसी अन्य वस्तु की ही और मनुष्य जब ऐसा करने में समर्थ हो जाएगा तो वह भी एक बुद्ध बन जाएगा।

Additional Informationअन्य विकल्प -

• जो सक्षम है - गद्यांश में 'सक्षम' की चर्चा कही भी नहीं की गयी है।
• जो सबल है - गद्यांश में 'सबल' की चर्चा कही भी नहीं की गयी है।
• जिसमें दया है - गद्यांश में 'दया' की चर्चा कही भी नहीं की गयी है।

गद्यांश में कार्यों को परिवर्तित करने की चर्चा की गई है।

Key Points

• गद्यांश के अनुसार -
• केवल वही व्यक्ति सबकी अपेक्षा उत्तम रूप से कार्य करता है, जो पूर्णतया निःस्वार्थी है जिसे न तो धन की लालसा है,
• ​न कीर्ति की और न किसी अन्य वस्तु की ही और मनुष्य जब ऐसा करने में समर्थ हो जाएगा तो वह भी एक बुद्ध बन जाएगा।
• उसके भीतर से ऐसी शक्ति प्रकट होगी, जो संसार की अवस्था को संपूर्ण रूप से परिवर्तित कर सकती है।

Additional Informationअन्य विकल्प -

• विश्व को - गद्यांश में 'विश्व' की चर्चा कही भी नहीं की गयी है।
• समाज को - गद्यांश में 'समाज' की चर्चा कही भी नहीं की गयी है।
• व्यक्ति को - गद्यांश में केवल वही व्यक्ति सबकी अपेक्षा उत्तम रूप से कार्य करता है,

बुद्धत्व की प्राप्ति पर व्यक्तियों की भोग- लालसा के समापन की शक्ति के प्रकटन की चर्चा की गई है। 

Key Points

• गद्यांश के अनुसार -
• केवल वही व्यक्ति सबकी अपेक्षा उत्तम रूप से कार्य करता है, जो पूर्णतया निःस्वार्थी है जिसे न तो धन की लालसा है,
• ​न कीर्ति की और न किसी अन्य वस्तु की ही और मनुष्य जब ऐसा करने में समर्थ हो जाएगा तो वह भी एक बुद्ध बन जाएगा।
• उसके भीतर से ऐसी शक्ति प्रकट होगी, जो संसार की अवस्था को संपूर्ण रूप से परिवर्तित कर सकती है।

Additional Informationअन्य विकल्प -

• संसार की अवस्था को यथावत बनाने की शक्ति - गद्यांश में 'संसार की अवस्था को यथावत बनाने की शक्ति' की चर्चा कही भी नहीं की गयी है।
• व्यक्तियों के उन्नयन की शक्ति - गद्यांश में 'व्यक्तियों के उन्नयन की शक्ति' की चर्चा कही भी नहीं की गयी है।
• संसार को परिवर्तित करने की शक्ति - गद्यांश में उसके भीतर से ऐसी शक्ति प्रकट होगी, जो संसार की अवस्था को संपूर्ण रूप से परिवर्तित कर सकती है।

'उत्तम' का विलोम शब्द है- अधम

Key Points

• 'उत्तम' शब्द का विलोम शब्द 'अधम' होगा।
• 'अधम' शब्द का अर्थ - सबसे अच्छा, श्रेष्ठ।
• 'अधम' शब्द का अर्थ है - नीच, अधर्मी या बदमाश।
• विलोम - जो शब्द किसी एक शब्द के विपरीत अर्थ को व्यक्त करते हैं, वे विलोम शब्द कहलाते हैं।

अन्य विकल्प-

Additional Information 

 कुछ अन्य महत्वपूर्ण विलोम शब्द -

'कोणार्क' का संधि-विच्छेद है- कोण + अर्क

Key Points

• 'कोणार्क' का सन्धि विच्छेद - कोण + अर्क (अ + अ = आ) होगा। 'कोणार्क' शब्द में दीर्घ संधि है।
• 'कोणार्क' का अर्थ - कोना का अर्थ है- कोण, अर्क का अर्थ है- सूर्य।

Additional Informationदीर्घ संधि -

• जब दो शब्दों की संधि करते समय (अ, आ) के साथ (अ, आ) हो तो ‘आ‘ बनता है,
• जब (इ, ई) के साथ (इ, ई) हो तो ‘ई‘ बनता है,
• जब (उ, ऊ) के साथ (उ, ऊ) हो तो ‘ऊ‘ बनता है, तो उसे दीर्घ संधि कहते है।

उदाहरण - 

• शिक्षा + अर्थी = शिक्षार्थी (आ + अ = आ),
• सती + ईश = सतीश ( ई + ई = ई ),
• सिंधु + ऊर्मि = सिंधूर्मि ( उ + ऊ = ऊ) ।

'कोकिला' का पर्यायवाची शब्द है- कोयल

Key Points

• 'कोकिला' का पर्यायवाची शब्द 'कोयल' है।
• 'कोकिला' के अन्य पर्यायवाची शब्द - काकपाली, बसंतदूत, सारिका, कुहुकिनी, वनप्रिया।
• पर्यायवाची - जो शब्द समान अर्थ के कारण किसी दूसरे शब्द की जगह ले लेते हैं, उन्हें पर्यायवाची शब्द कहते हैं।

अन्य विकल्प-

Additional Information कुछ अन्य महत्वपूर्ण पर्यायवाची शब्द:-

तत्सम-तद्भव का असंगत मेल है- दीठि-दृष्टि

Key Points

• 'दीठि' एक तद्भव शब्द है, जबकि इसका तत्सम शब्द 'दृष्टि' होगा।
• तत्सम - जिन शब्दों को संस्कृत से बिना किसी परिवर्तन के ले लिया जाता है, उन्हें तत्सम शब्द कहते हैं। 
• जैसे- आम्र, इक्षु, गृह, उष्ट्र आदि।
• तद्भव - जिन शब्दों में समय और परिस्थितियों के कारण कुछ परिवर्तन होने से जो शब्द बने हैं, उन्हें तद्भव कहते हैं। 
• जैसे- आम, ईंख, घर, ऊँट आदि।​

अन्य विकल्प-​ 

Additional Information  कुछ अन्य तत्सम और तद्भव शब्द -

'परावलंबी' का विलोम शब्द है- स्वावलंबी

Key Points

• 'परावलंबी' शब्द का विलोम शब्द 'स्वावलंबी' होगा।
• 'परावलंबी' शब्द का अर्थ - दूसरों पर अवलंबित या आश्रित।
• 'स्वावलंबी' शब्द का अर्थ - आत्मनिर्भर, स्वाश्रित।
• विलोम - जो शब्द किसी एक शब्द के विपरीत अर्थ को व्यक्त करते हैं, वे विलोम शब्द कहलाते हैं।

अन्य विकल्प-

Additional Information  कुछ अन्य महत्वपूर्ण विलोम शब्द -

'मोहन की बहन घर आ गई है।' वाक्य के रेखांकित अंश में कारक है- संबंध कारक

Key Points

• वाक्य - मोहन की बहन घर आ गई है। (वाक्य में 'की' विभक्ति चिन्ह का प्रयोग हुआ है।)
• वाक्य में मोहन की बहन एवं घर के बीच में संबंध बताया जा रहा है, अतः यह उदाहरण संबंध कारक के अंतर्गत आएगा। 
• संज्ञा या सर्वनाम का वह रूप जो हमें किन्हीं दो वस्तुओं के बीच संबंध का बोध कराता है, वह संबंध कारक कहलाता है।
• सम्बन्ध कारक के विभक्ति चिन्ह का, के, की, ना, ने, नो, रा, रे, री आदि हैं।
• जैसे -
• यह सुरेश की बहन है।
• बच्चे का सिर दुःख रहा है।

Important Points 

Additional Information 

The correct answer is Wed Dec 04 2024 00:00:00 GMT+0530 (India Standard Time).

Key Points

• Navy Day in India is celebrated on December 4^th every year.
• This day is observed to commemorate the launch of Operation Trident during the Indo-Pak War of 1971.
• During Operation Trident, the Indian Navy inflicted heavy damage on the Pakistan Naval forces in Karachi.
• The day is marked by various events such as parades, naval exhibitions, and other activities to honor the navy's contributions.

Additional Information

• Operation Trident
• Operation Trident was a naval offensive operation launched by the Indian Navy on the night of December 4, 1971, during the Indo-Pak War.
• The operation involved the use of missile boats and resulted in the sinking of several Pakistani vessels, including the destroyer PNS Khaibar.
• This successful operation significantly weakened the Pakistani Navy and boosted the morale of the Indian armed forces.
• Indo-Pak War of 1971
• The Indo-Pak War of 1971 was a military conflict between India and Pakistan that lasted for 13 days, from December 3 to December 16, 1971.
• The war resulted in the creation of Bangladesh, formerly known as East Pakistan.
• The Indian armed forces played a crucial role in the liberation of Bangladesh and the defeat of Pakistani forces.
• Indian Navy
• The Indian Navy is the naval branch of the Indian Armed Forces and is responsible for safeguarding the nation's maritime borders.
• It plays a vital role in securing India's interests in the Indian Ocean region and beyond.
• The Indian Navy conducts various operations, including humanitarian assistance, disaster relief, and anti-piracy missions.

The correct answer is Matte Hosa Geleyaru.

Key Points

• Matte Hosa Geleyaru is a book written in Kannada language that was awarded the Bal Sahitya Puraskar in 2022 by the Sahitya Akademi.
• The book is recognized for its contribution to children's literature in Kannada.
• The Bal Sahitya Puraskar is an annual award given by the Sahitya Akademi to authors of the best children's literature in various Indian languages.
• The book emphasizes themes of friendship and adventure, making it a popular choice among young readers.

Additional Information

• Bal Sahitya Puraskar
• The Bal Sahitya Puraskar is an award presented by the Sahitya Akademi, India's National Academy of Letters, to recognize outstanding contributions to children's literature in various Indian languages.
• The award was instituted in 2010 and is given annually.
• Recipients of the award are selected based on their works' literary merit and contribution to children's literature.
• The award includes a cash prize, a plaque, and a citation.
• Sahitya Akademi
• The Sahitya Akademi is India's National Academy of Letters and is responsible for promoting literature in Indian languages.
• It was established in 1954 and operates as an autonomous organization under the Ministry of Culture, Government of India.
• The Akademi's activities include the publication of books, the organization of literary events, and the recognition of literary achievements through various awards.
• In addition to the Bal Sahitya Puraskar, the Akademi also presents the Sahitya Akademi Award, Sahitya Akademi Translation Prize, and other literary honors.
• Kannada Literature
• Kannada literature has a rich heritage and is one of the oldest in Indian literature, with its roots tracing back over a thousand years.
• Prominent Kannada writers include Pampa, Ranna, Basava, Kuvempu, and many others who have made significant contributions to the literary world.
• Kannada literature covers various genres, including poetry, novels, short stories, and children's literature.
• Contemporary Kannada literature continues to thrive with new writers and innovative works gaining recognition and awards.

The correct answer is Magic Bus India Foundation.

Key Points

• Magic Bus India Foundation is a non-profit organization that focuses on life skills education for children and youth from underprivileged communities.
• Founded in 1999 by Matthew Spacie, the foundation uses sports as a medium to engage and educate children and youth.
• The organization aims to break the cycle of poverty through its unique approach to holistic development, addressing education, health, gender equality, and livelihood.
• Magic Bus programs work towards ensuring children complete their education and transition successfully into the workforce.

Additional Information

• Rashtriya Khel Protsahan Puraskar
• This award is given by the Government of India to recognize the contribution of organizations and individuals in the field of sports promotion and development.
• It was instituted in 2009 as part of the National Sports Awards to encourage the involvement of the corporate sector, non-governmental organizations, and other entities in sports promotion.
• The award has several categories, including 'Sports for Development', 'Identification and Nurturing of Budding Talent', 'Encouragement to Sports through Corporate Social Responsibility', and 'Employment of Sportspersons and Sports Welfare Measures'.
• The award highlights the efforts made by various organizations to contribute to the overall development of sports in the country.
• Sports for Development
• This category under the Rashtriya Khel Protsahan Puraskar recognizes organizations that use sports as a tool for development.
• Sports for Development programs typically focus on using sports to achieve broader social outcomes such as improved health, education, and social inclusion.
• These programs often target underprivileged and marginalized communities to provide opportunities for development through sports.
• The aim is to leverage the power of sports to bring about positive social change and improve the quality of life for participants.

The correct answer is Anwar Ibrahim.

Key Points

• Anwar Ibrahim is a prominent Malaysian politician who has held various significant positions in the government over the years.
• He was elected as the Prime Minister of Malaysia in the 15^th general elections held in November 2022.
• Anwar Ibrahim is the leader of the Pakatan Harapan (PH) coalition, which played a crucial role in his election victory.
• He has a long history of political activism and has been a key figure in Malaysian politics for decades, advocating for reform and justice.

Additional Information

• 15^th General Elections in Malaysia:
• Held in November 2022, these elections were crucial for determining the political future of Malaysia.
• The elections saw intense competition among various political parties and coalitions.
• The key issues during the elections included economic policies, corruption, and governance reforms.
• Pakatan Harapan (PH) Coalition:
• Pakatan Harapan, which translates to "Alliance of Hope," is a political coalition in Malaysia formed in 2015.
• The coalition consists of several political parties that came together to challenge the long-standing dominance of the Barisan Nasional (BN) coalition.
• PH advocates for democratic reforms, transparency, and good governance.
• Political Career of Anwar Ibrahim:
• Anwar Ibrahim has held various important positions in the Malaysian government, including Deputy Prime Minister and Finance Minister.
• He is known for his reformist stance and has been a vocal critic of corruption and abuse of power.
• Anwar has faced legal and political challenges, including imprisonment, but has remained a significant figure in Malaysian politics.
• Malaysia's Political Landscape:
• Malaysia's political system is a federal parliamentary democracy with a constitutional monarchy.
• The country has a multi-party system with various coalitions and parties vying for power.
• Key political issues in Malaysia often revolve around economic policies, ethnic relations, and governance reforms.

The correct answer is International Day of Persons with Disabilities.

Key Points

• The theme for the International Day of Persons with Disabilities in 2022 was "Dignity for all in practice".
• International Day of Persons with Disabilities is observed on December 3^rd every year.
• The day aims to promote the rights and well-being of persons with disabilities in all spheres of society and development.
• It also seeks to increase awareness of the situation of persons with disabilities in every aspect of political, social, economic, and cultural life.

Additional Information

• International Day for the Elimination of Violence against Women
• Observed on November 25^th.
• Aims to raise awareness about the fact that women around the world are subject to rape, domestic violence, and other forms of violence.
• Initiated by the United Nations General Assembly in 1999.
• International Volunteer Day
• Observed on December 5^th.
• Designated by the United Nations General Assembly in 1985.
• Aims to celebrate the efforts of volunteers and encourage more people to engage in volunteer activities.
• International Day for the Eradication of Poverty
• Observed on October 17^th.
• Aims to promote awareness about the need to eradicate poverty and destitution worldwide.
• Declared by the United Nations General Assembly in 1992.
• International Day of Persons with Disabilities
• Observed on December 3^rd.
• Aims to promote the rights and well-being of persons with disabilities.
• First proclaimed in 1992 by the United Nations General Assembly.
• Focuses on various themes each year to address different aspects of disability inclusion.

The correct answer is Option 4: The acidic solution remains colourless and turns basic solution into pink colour..

Key Points

• Phenolphthalein indicator is a chemical compound often used in titrations to identify the pH of a solution.
• In an acidic solution (pH < 7), phenolphthalein remains colourless.
• In a basic solution (pH > 7), phenolphthalein turns a pink colour.
• This behaviour makes phenolphthalein a useful indicator for distinguishing between acidic and basic solutions.

Additional Information

• pH Scale
• The pH scale is a measure of how acidic or basic a solution is, ranging from 0 to 14.
• A pH of 7 is considered neutral, pH values less than 7 are acidic, and pH values greater than 7 are basic.
• Indicators
• Chemical indicators are substances that change color when added to acidic or basic solutions.
• They are used in various chemical experiments and titrations to determine the pH of a solution.
• Titration
• Titration is a laboratory method used to determine the concentration of an unknown solution by reacting it with a solution of known concentration.
• Indicators like phenolphthalein are used to identify the endpoint of the titration.
• Other Common Indicators
• Litmus Paper: Turns red in acidic solutions and blue in basic solutions.
• Methyl Orange: Turns red in acidic solutions and yellow in basic solutions.

The correct answer is The Declaration of the Rights of Women and Citizen.

Key Points

• Olympe de Gouges, a French playwright and political activist, authored "The Declaration of the Rights of Women and Citizen" in 1791.
• The book was written as a response to the exclusion of women from the rights declared in the French Revolution's 1789 Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen.
• De Gouges argued for the recognition of women's rights in various spheres including political, social, and economic life.
• Her work is considered an essential text in the history of women's rights and feminist literature.

Additional Information

• Olympe de Gouges:
• Born as Marie Gouze in 1748, she later adopted the pen name Olympe de Gouges.
• She was an early feminist and abolitionist, campaigning against slavery and for gender equality.
• De Gouges was executed by guillotine during the Reign of Terror in 1793 due to her outspoken activism.
• The French Revolution:
• A period of radical social and political change in France from 1789 to 1799.
• It led to the fall of the monarchy, the rise of democracy, and the establishment of the First French Republic.
• The revolution significantly influenced the development of modern political ideologies and the subsequent history of Europe.
• The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen:
• Adopted in 1789, it is a foundational document of the French Revolution.
• It outlined the individual and collective rights of all the estates of the realm as universal.
• Despite its claims of universality, it did not extend these rights to women, which led to critiques and protests from activists like Olympe de Gouges.
• Women's Rights Movement:
• An ongoing movement advocating for the legal, political, and social rights of women.
• The movement gained significant momentum in the 19^th and 20^th centuries, leading to milestones such as women's suffrage and increased labor rights.
• Key figures include Mary Wollstonecraft, Simone de Beauvoir, and Betty Friedan, among others.

The correct answer is System of Proportional Representation.

Key Points

• The elections to the Rajya Sabha are conducted using the System of Proportional Representation by means of a single transferable vote.
• This system ensures that the seats are allocated to the states in proportion to their population.
• The members are elected by the elected members of the State Legislative Assemblies and by the members of the Electoral college for Union Territories.
• The system of Proportional Representation helps in ensuring that the representation is more equitable and reflects the vote share of different parties more accurately.

Additional Information

• Two-round system:
• This is a voting system used to elect a single winner, where the voter casts a single vote for their chosen candidate.
• If no candidate receives the required number of votes, then the top two candidates proceed to a second round of voting.
• First Past the Post system:
• In this system, the candidate with the highest number of votes in a constituency wins the election.
• It is a simple majority system and does not necessarily require the winning candidate to secure an absolute majority of the votes.
• System of Alternate Voting:
• Also known as preferential voting, it allows voters to rank candidates in order of preference.
• If no candidate gets a majority of first-preference votes, the candidate with the fewest votes is eliminated, and votes for this candidate are redistributed according to the next preference until one candidate has more than half of the active votes.

The correct answer is Arunachal Pradesh.

Key Points

• According to the National Family Health Survey (NFHS) 2019-21, Arunachal Pradesh has the highest percentage of population living in households that use improved sanitation facilities among the given options.
• Improved sanitation facilities include flush/pour-flush to a piped sewer system, septic tank, pit latrine, and ventilated improved pit latrine.
• The NFHS-5 (2019-21) provides detailed information on population, health, and nutrition for India and each state/union territory.
• This survey is essential for monitoring and evaluating demographic and health status in the country.

Additional Information

• National Family Health Survey (NFHS)
• The NFHS is a large-scale, multi-round survey conducted in a representative sample of households throughout India.
• It provides essential data on health and family welfare and emerging issues in these areas.
• The NFHS-5, the fifth in the NFHS series, was conducted in 2019-21, providing information on population, health, and nutrition across India.
• This survey is conducted under the stewardship of the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India.
• Improved Sanitation Facility
• An improved sanitation facility is defined as one that hygienically separates human excreta from human contact.
• Examples include flush/pour flush to a piped sewer system, septic tank, pit latrine, and ventilated improved pit latrine.
• Access to improved sanitation is crucial for public health, reducing the spread of diseases, and improving quality of life.
• Sanitation and Health
• Proper sanitation is essential for the prevention of many diseases, including diarrhea, cholera, and dysentery.
• Improved sanitation also contributes to the dignity and safety of individuals, particularly women and children.
• NFHS-5 Findings on Sanitation
• The NFHS-5 survey indicates significant improvements in access to sanitation facilities in India.
• States like Arunachal Pradesh have shown notable progress in ensuring improved sanitation facilities for their populations.

The correct answer is Gram.

Key Points

• Gram (chickpea) is a major Rabi crop grown in India.
• Rabi crops are sown in winter and harvested in the spring season.
• Gram is typically sown in the months of October and November and harvested in February and March.
• It requires cooler climate conditions for germination and growth, making it suitable for the Rabi season.

Additional Information

• Pulses in India
• Pulses are a significant part of the Indian diet, providing an essential source of protein.
• Major pulses grown in India include Gram (chickpea), Tur (pigeon pea), Urad (black gram), Moong (green gram), and Masoor (lentil).
• These crops are cultivated in different seasons based on their climatic and soil requirements.
• Rabi Crops
• Rabi crops are known as winter crops, sown after the monsoon rains when the soil has retained adequate moisture.
• Key Rabi crops include wheat, barley, gram, mustard, and peas.
• These crops require a cool climate during their initial stages of growth but a warm climate during the harvesting period.
• Kharif Crops
• Kharif crops, also known as monsoon crops, are sown with the onset of the monsoon and harvested at the end of the monsoon season.
• Important Kharif crops include rice, maize, sorghum, millet, and cotton.
• These crops require hot and humid conditions for their growth and are typically harvested from September to October.

Given series:

8 7 5 4 6 7 6 5 3 2 4 3 2 5 4 1 7 6 8

Pairs of consecutive numbers are there in the following number sequence each of which is in descending order 

Required Pattern: consecutive numbers in descending order

8 7 5 4 6 7 6 5 3 2 4 3 2 5 4 1 7 6 8

Here, 'Eight' pairs of consecutive numbers are there in the following number sequence each of which is in descending order 

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (3)".

According to the information, we have the following diagram:

Thus, Geeta is West of Uma.

Hence, "Option (4)" is the correct answer.

Given:

Eight friends are sitting in two parallel columns containing four

persons each.

In column 1, E, F, G and H are seated and  are facing east.

In column 2, A, B, C and D are seated and are facing west.

'G' sits second to the right of 'E'.  The one who faces 'E' sits to the

immediate right of 'A'.

'A' faces the immediate neighbour of 'E'.

'H' sits to immediate left of the person who faces 'C'. 'C' sit between

'A' and 'B'.

'H' does not sit at the south end of the column.

'B' sits second to the right of 'A'.

Thus, 'H' is sitting opposite to 'B'.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 4".

Explanation : 

• Statement (I) → Manu is exactly in the middle and there are 15 students to his right.

So, statement (I) is sufficient to answer the question.

• Statement (II) → Anu is 20^th from the left in row.

So, statement (II) is not sufficient to answer the question.

Now, Using both the statements :

• Statement (I) + Statement (II) →

​Students are there between Anu and Manu = Annu position from left - Manu position from the left - 1

​Students are there between Anu and Manu = (20 - 15) - 1 = 4

So, using both the statements, '4' Students are there between Anu and Manu in a row of students.

Hence, "Option (3)" is the correct answer.

The shaded part represents non-educated, non-skilled and trained urban persons .

So, the number represents t non-educated, non-skilled and trained urban persons is "13"

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (2)".

The correct answer is Microsoft Office.

Key Points

• Microsoft Office is an application software suite.
• Application software is a program or group of programs designed for end users.
• It includes word processors, spreadsheets, and presentation software.
• Operating systems, on the other hand, are system software that manage computer hardware and software resources and provide common services for computer programs.
• Examples of operating systems include Linux, macOS, and Android.

Additional Information

• Operating systems perform various essential tasks such as controlling and allocating memory, prioritizing system requests, controlling input and output devices, facilitating networking, and managing files.
• Examples of operating systems include:
• Windows, Linux, macOS, Android, iOS.
• Examples of application software include:
• Microsoft Office, Adobe Photoshop, Google Chrome.

The correct answer is Uninterruptible Power Supply.

Key Points

• UPS stands for Uninterruptible Power Supply.
• A UPS is a device that provides battery backup when the electrical power fails or drops to an unacceptable voltage level.
• It ensures that devices connected to it receive a consistent power supply.
• UPS systems are essential for protecting sensitive electronic equipment from power disturbances.
• They provide power during short-term outages and can help prevent data loss and hardware damage.

Additional Information

• There are different types of UPS systems including Offline/Standby, Line-Interactive, and Online/Double-Conversion.
• Offline/Standby UPS: Provides basic power protection by switching to battery backup in case of a power failure.
• Line-Interactive UPS: Provides better protection by regulating voltage fluctuations before switching to battery backup.
• Online/Double-Conversion UPS: Provides the highest level of protection by continuously converting incoming AC power to DC and then back to AC.
• ​UPS systems are commonly used in various settings such as data centers, hospitals, and industrial environments to ensure continuous operation.

The correct answer is Stealing a brand new iPad from a computer store.

Key Points

• Stealing a brand new iPad from a computer store is a physical theft and does not fall under cyber-crime offences as per the IT Act 2000.
• Cyber-crime offences under the IT Act 2000 typically involve illegal activities conducted through digital means. 
• Examples include distributing pirated software over the internet, misusing personal information online, and using fake email messages to obtain personal information.
• Physical theft of hardware, such as an iPad, is covered under different laws and regulations related to physical theft and property crimes.

Additional Information

• The IT Act 2000 was enacted to provide a legal framework for electronic governance by giving recognition to electronic records and digital signatures.
• It also aims to prevent and address offences related to cyber-crimes and electronic commerce.
• Some specific offences covered under the IT Act 2000 include hacking, identity theft, and cyber terrorism.
• The act also provides the legal infrastructure for e-commerce in India.

The correct answer is A networking device.

Key Points

• A router is a networking device.
• A networking device is a piece of hardware that manages data traffic between different devices in a network.
• It directs data packets between computers and networks.
• Some examples of networking devices include routers, switches, hubs, bridges, and gateways.
• Routers are crucial for connecting multiple networks and ensuring data packets reach their correct destinations.

Additional Information

• An input device is a piece of equipment used to provide data and control signals to an information processing system such as a computer or information appliance.
• Examples of input devices include keyboards, mouse, scanners, cameras, joysticks, Bar Code Reader, and microphones.
• ​Memory refers to the processes that are used to acquire, store, retain, and later retrieve information.
• In computing, memory is a device or system that is used to store information for immediate use in a computer or related computer hardware and digital electronic devices.
• The term memory is often synonymous with the term primary storage or main memory.
• An archaic synonym for memory is store.

The correct answer is PAN.

Key Points

• PAN stands for Personal Area Network.
• A PAN is a computer network organized around an individual person within a single building.
• It is used for connecting devices such as computers, smartphones, tablets, and other personal digital assistants.
• Bluetooth is a common technology used to create PANs.
• PANs can be used for communication among the personal devices themselves or for connecting to a higher-level network and the Internet.

Additional Information

• LAN (Local Area Network) is a network that connects devices within a limited area such as a residence, school, or office building.
• WAN (Wide Area Network) covers a broad area and is used to connect multiple LANs.
• BTN (Bluetooth Network) is not a standard term in networking; the correct term is PAN when referring to Bluetooth connections.