KVS PRT Official Paper (Held On 25 Feb 2023 Shift 2) (Previous Year Paper)

The correct answer is: Option 3.

Key Points

• The word "dwindle" means to gradually become smaller, weaker, or less in number. (धीरे-धीरे घट जाना)
• Example: The community's population has dwindled over the years.
• "Abate" refers to something that becomes less intense or widespread. (कम होना)
• Example: The storm finally abated after several hours of heavy rain.
• Hence, we can infer that the word similar in meaning to 'dwindle' is 'abate'.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Option 3.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Fight (लड़ाई): To take part in a physical struggle.
• Example: The two boys got into a fight over a toy.
• Work (काम): Activity involving mental or physical effort done in order to achieve a purpose or result.
• Example: She goes to work every day at 9 AM.
• Enlarge (बड़ा करना): To make or become larger or more extensive.
• Example: They plan to enlarge the kitchen area next year.

The correct answer is: Option 1 (Courteous).

Key Points

• The word "scornful" means feeling or expressing contempt or derision; showing a strong lack of respect for someone or something. (घृणास्पद)
• Example: She gave him a scornful look when he suggested they leave the party early.
• "Courteous" refers to someone who is polite, respectful, and considerate in manner. (विनम्र)
• Example: The staff were courteous and helpful throughout our stay at the hotel.
• Hence, we can infer that the opposite of 'scornful' is 'courteous'.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Option 1 (Courteous).

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Brash (अक्खड़): Self-assertive in a rude, noisy, or overbearing way.
• Example: His brash behavior at the meeting offended many attendees.
• Stormy (तूफानी): Characterized by strong winds and usually rain, thunder, lightning, or snow.
• Example: The ship struggled against the stormy seas.
• Heavenly (स्वर्गीय): Of the heavens or sky; divine or celestial.
• Example: The view from the mountain top was simply heavenly.

The correct answer is '4' i.e. Adjective.

Key Points

• In the given sentence, the word "keen" is underlined and it is used to describe the subject "We".
• It shows the subject's eagerness or interest in going on a vacation, which is a characteristic or quality.
• Words that describe qualities or characteristics of nouns are called adjectives.
• Hence, the word "keen" in the sentence functions as an adjective.

Therefore, the correct answer is option 4.

The correct answer is Option 3.

Key Points

• Passive voice structure: The object of the active voice sentence becomes the subject of the passive voice sentence.
• In the active voice, the sentence is: "I have always liked you."
• To convert to passive voice: Place the object "you" at the beginning.
• Change the active verb form "have liked" to "have been liked" (present perfect passive).
• Ensure the adverb "always" remains correctly placed for clarity.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 3.

Correct Sentence: "You have always been liked by me."

Additional Information

• Option 1: "You have been liked always by me." – Incorrect placement of the adverb "always".
• Option 2: "You had been liked by me." – Incorrect tense (past perfect passive).
• Option 4: "You have been always liked by me." – Incorrect placement of the adverb "always".

The correct answer is Option 1.

Key Points

• Indirect Speech: Ramneek will say that he is going to Gulmarg.
• Key Conversions:
• "I am going to Gulmarg" becomes "he is going to Gulmarg"
• The pronoun "I" is changed to "he" to match the subject in indirect speech.
• The verb tense "am going" is changed to "is going" to align with indirect speech.
• Reporting verb:
• Direct: "will say"
• Remains "will say" in indirect speech.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 1.

Correct Sentence: "Ramneek will say that he is going to Gulmarg."

Additional Information

• Option 2: Ramneek will say that he was going to Gulmarg.
• Incorrect tense: "was going" implies past, while original statement is in future tense.
• Option 3: Ramneek will tell that he will be going to Gulmarg.
• Incorrect reporting verb: "will tell" changes the meaning and context.
• Option 4: Ramneek tells that he would be going to Gulmarg.
• Incorrect reporting verb: "tells" changes the tense and context.

The correct answer is Option 2 i.e. (c)

Key Points

• The subject "Neither Ram nor Sham" is a compound subject connected by "neither...nor," which requires a singular verb.
• The verb "were" in part (c) is plural and does not agree with the singular compound subject.
• The correct verb should be "was" to match the singular subject.

Therefore, the correct answer is (c).

Additional Information

• Option 1 (d): "in the office" is correct and does not have any errors.
• Option 3 (b): "nor Sham" is correct and does not have any errors.
• Option 4 (a): "Neither Ram" is correct and does not have any errors.

The correct answer is Option 3.

Key Points

• The correct sentence structure requires the subject "the boy" to come first.
• "Cut his hand with a knife" is the correct phrasing for this action.
• "The boy cut his hand with a knife" is a grammatically correct sentence.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 3.

Correct Sentence: "The boy cut his hand with a knife."

The correct answer is 'was'.

Key Points

• The verb "was" is the correct form to use when the subject is singular or when using "along with".
• The sentence structure "Ram along with Sham" suggests that Ram is the primary subject, making "was" the appropriate verb form.
• Options 1, 2, and 3 are grammatically incorrect in this context.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 4.

Complete Sentence: "Two days ago Ram along with Sham was present here."

Additional Information

• Option 1: "were" is incorrect because it implies a plural subject, whereas the primary subject is singular.
• Option 2: "have been" is incorrect because it is a present perfect tense and does not fit the past context of the sentence.
• Option 3: "has been" is incorrect because it suggests a continuous action rather than a specific past occurrence.

The correct answer is 'to'.

Key Points

• The preposition "to" is used to indicate a direction or relation.
• The phrase "antipathy to" is commonly used to express a strong feeling of dislike towards something.
• Options 2, 3, and 4 are grammatically incorrect in this context.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 1.

Complete Sentence: "Dogs have antipathy to cats."

Additional Information

• Option 2: "with" is incorrect because "antipathy with" is not a valid phrase.
• Option 3: "for" is incorrect; while it can sometimes be used, it is less common and less precise than "to" in this context.
• Option 4: "on" is incorrect because "antipathy on" is not a valid phrase.

The correct answer is 'with'.

Key Points

• The preposition 'with' is used to indicate a person or thing that someone spends time with or has a particular relationship with.
• The sentence describes the nature of Latika's relationship with her child, hence the use of 'with' is appropriate.
• Options 1, 2, and 4 are grammatically incorrect in this context.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 3.

Complete Sentence: "Latika is very indulgent with her child."

Additional Information

• Option 1: "to" is incorrect because it does not convey the right relationship in this context.
• Option 2: "on" is incorrect; "on" is not used to describe relationships in this context.
• Option 4: "for" is incorrect because it does not fit the sentence structure properly.

गद्यांश का मुख्य स्वर है - भारत का कल्याण

Key Points

• गद्यांश के अनुसार -
• जो सच्चे हृदय से भारतीय कल्याण का व्रत ले सकें तथा उसे ही जो अपना एकमात्र कर्तव्य समझें - ऐसे युवकों के साथ कार्य करते रहो।

Additional Informationअन्य विकल्प -

• भारत का विस्तार - गद्यांश में 'भारत का विस्तार' की चर्चा कही भी नहीं की गयी है।
• जन-जागरण का लक्ष्य - गद्यांश में 'जन-जागरण का लक्ष्य' की चर्चा कही भी नहीं की गयी है।
• युवकों की चेतना - गद्यांश में 'युवकों की चेतना' की चर्चा कही भी नहीं की गयी है।

युवकों की आवश्यकता है - जो अपने कर्तव्य पद पर अटल हैं

Key Points

• गद्यांश के अनुसार -
• ​जो सच्चे हृदय से भारतीय कल्याण का व्रत ले सकें तथा उसे ही जो अपना एकमात्र कर्तव्य समझें -
• ऐसे युवकों के साथ कार्य करते रहो। उन्हे जागृत करो, संगठित करो तथा उनमें त्याग का मंत्र फूँक दो।

Additional Informationअन्य विकल्प -

• जो भारत के कल्याण के नारे लगाते हैं - गद्यांश में 'भारत के कल्याण के नारे' की चर्चा कही भी नहीं की गयी है।
• जो भारतीय संस्कृति का विस्तार चाहते हैं - गद्यांश में 'भारतीय संस्कृति का विस्तार' की चर्चा कही भी नहीं की गयी है।
• जो भारत के उत्थान के लिए प्रतिबद्ध हैं - गद्यांश में 'भारत के उत्थान के लिए प्रतिबद्ध' की चर्चा कही भी नहीं की गयी है।

भारतीय कल्याण के लिए आवश्यक है - युवकों को जागृत, संगठित करना

Key Points

• गद्यांश के अनुसार -
• जो सच्चे हृदय से भारतीय कल्याण का व्रत ले सकें
• तथा उसे ही जो अपना एकमात्र कर्तव्य समझें - ऐसे युवकों के साथ कार्य करते रहो।
• उन्हे जागृत करो, संगठित करो तथा उनमें त्याग का मंत्र फूँक दो।

Additional Informationअन्य विकल्प -

• युवकों को शिक्षित, जागृत करना - गद्यांश में भारतीय कल्याण के लिए 'युवकों को शिक्षित' करना आवश्यक नहीं है जबकि 'जागृत बनाना' आवश्यक है।
• युवकों को संगठित, सक्षम बनाना - गद्यांश में भारतीय कल्याण के लिए 'युवकों को संगठित' करना आवश्यक है जबकि 'सक्षम बनाना' आवश्यक नहीं है।
• युवकों को सक्षम, जागृत बनाना - गद्यांश में भारतीय कल्याण के लिए 'युवकों को सक्षम' करना आवश्यक नहीं है जबकि 'जागृत बनाना' आवश्यक है।

भारतीय कल्याण का एक महत्वपूर्ण अवयव है - त्याग करना

Key Points

• गद्यांश के अनुसार -
• ​जो सच्चे हृदय से भारतीय कल्याण का व्रत ले सकें
• तथा उसे ही जो अपना एकमात्र कर्तव्य समझें - ऐसे युवकों के साथ कार्य करते रहो।
• उन्हे जागृत करो, संगठित करो तथा उनमें त्याग का मंत्र फूँक दो।

Additional Informationअन्य विकल्प -

• शिक्षित होना - गद्यांश में 'शिक्षित होना' की चर्चा कही भी नहीं की गयी है।
• तर्क करना - गद्यांश में 'तर्क करना' की चर्चा कही भी नहीं की गयी है।
• भाव प्रवण होना - गद्यांश में 'भाव प्रवण होना' की चर्चा कही भी नहीं की गयी है।

'संगठित' शब्द में प्रत्यय है - इत

Key Points

• संगठन + इत = संगठित
• 'संगठन' मूलशब्द और 'इत' प्रत्यय
• 'संगठित' का अर्थ - एकत्रित, जोड़ा हुआ।
• प्रत्यय - जो शब्दांश, शब्दों के अंत में जुड़कर अर्थ में परिवर्तन लाये, प्रत्यय शब्द कहलाते है।

Additional Informationकुछ महत्वपूर्ण प्रत्यय शब्द -

• इत - सुगन्धित, नियमित, प्रमाणित, द्रवित।
• आवट - लिखावट, बनावट, सजावट, मिलावट।
• उक - भिक्षुक, भावुक, कामुक, नाजुक।
• अन - चिंतन, मनन, भवन, मरण, करण।
• अक - पाठक, गायक, लेखक, नायक, धावक।
• अक्कड़ - पियक्कड़, भुलक्कड़, घुमक्कड़।
• आई - पढ़ाई, लिखाई, बुनाई, सिलाई।

तत्सम-तद्भव का संगत मेल है - काष्ठ-काठ

Key Points

• 'काष्ठ' एक तत्सम शब्द है, जबकि इसका तद्भव शब्द 'काठ' होगा।
• तत्सम - जिन शब्दों को संस्कृत से बिना किसी परिवर्तन के ले लिया जाता है, उन्हें तत्सम शब्द कहते हैं। 
• जैसे- चंद्र, क्षेत्र, मुख, दुग्ध आदि।
• तद्भव - जिन शब्दों में समय और परिस्थितियों के कारण कुछ परिवर्तन होने से जो शब्द बने हैं, उन्हें तद्भव कहते हैं। 
• जैसे- चाँद, खेत, मुँह, दूध, आदि।​

अन्य विकल्प-

Additional Information 

'भँवरा' का पर्यायवाची शब्द नहीं हैं - निशिचर

Key Points

• 'भँवरा' का पर्यायवाची शब्द - 'मिलिंद, अलि, मधुप' होगा।
• 'भँवरा' के अन्‍य पर्यायवाची- भ्रमर, भौंरा, मधुकर, अलिंद।
• 'असुर' के सभी पर्यायवाची शब्द- निशिचर, असुर, दैत्य, दानव, राक्षस, निशाचर, रजनीचर, दनुज।
• पर्यायवाची - ऐसे शब्द जिनके अर्थ समान हों, पर्यायवाची शब्द कहलाते हैं।

Additional Information कुछ महत्वपूर्ण पर्यायवाची शब्द -

'भानूदय' का संधि-विच्छेद है - भानु + उदय

Key Points

• 'भानूदय' का संधि-विच्छेद - 'भानु + उदय' (उ + उ = ऊ) होता है।
• 'भानूदय' शब्द में दीर्घ स्वर संधि है। 'भानूदय' का अर्थ - सूर्योदय।

Additional Informationदीर्घ संधि-

• जब दो शब्दों की संधि करते समय (अ, आ) के साथ (अ, आ) हो तो ‘आ‘ बनता है,
• जब (इ, ई) के साथ (इ, ई) हो तो ‘ई‘ बनता है,
• जब (उ, ऊ) के साथ (उ, ऊ) हो तो ‘ऊ‘ बनता है, तो उसे दीर्घ संधि कहते है।

उदाहरण -

• स्व + आधीन = स्वाधीन (अ + आ = आ)
• गिरि + ईश = गिरीश (इ + ई = ई)
• वधु + उत्सव = वधूत्सव (उ + उ = ऊ)

'अज्ञ' का विलोम शब्द है - विज्ञ

Key Points

• 'अज्ञ' शब्द का विलोम शब्द 'विज्ञ' होगा।
• 'अज्ञ' का अर्थ - जो कुछ भी नहीं जानता हो।
• 'विज्ञ' का अर्थ - जानकार, विद्वान, ज्ञाता।
• विलोम - जब कोई एक शब्द किसी दूसरे शब्द का उल्टा या विपरीत अर्थ व्यक्त करे, तो उसे विलोम शब्द कहा जाता है।

अन्य विकल्प-

Additional Information कुछ अन्य महत्वपूर्ण विलोम शब्द -

'माँ के लिए भोजन परोस दीजिए।' वाक्य रेखांकित अंश में कारक है - संप्रदान कारक

Key Points

• वाक्य - 'माँ के लिए भोजन परोस दीजिए।
• वाक्य में 'के लिए' विभक्ति चिन्ह का प्रयोग किया जा रहा है।
• यहाँ पर 'माँ के लिए भोजन परोस देने' की बात की जा रही है। अतः यह उदाहरण सम्प्रदान कारक के अंतर्गत आएगा।
• जब वाक्य में किसी को कुछ दिया जाए या किसी के लिए कुछ किया जाए तो वहां पर सम्प्रदान कारक होता है।
• सम्प्रदान कारक के विभक्ति चिन्ह के लिए या को हैं।
• जैसे -
• विकास तुषार को किताबें देता है।
• नरेश मीना के लिए फल लाया है।

Important Points 

 हिन्दी में आठ कारक’ हैं -

Additional Information  

The correct answer is Option 1: (A) and (C) only.

Key Points

• The 'Water Heroes: Share Your Stories' contest was launched by the Department of Water Resources, River Development and Ganga Rejuvenation and the Ministry of Jal Shakti.
• The contest encourages participants to share their successful water conservation efforts.
• Participants are required to post their success stories in the form of a 1-5 minute video along with a write-up of 300 words.
• Option (B) is incorrect because the contest is not held every six months.

Additional Information

• Department of Water Resources, River Development and Ganga Rejuvenation:
• This department falls under the Ministry of Jal Shakti, which is responsible for water resource management in India.
• Its key functions include the planning and coordination of water resource development and the management of river systems, including the rejuvenation of the Ganges.
• Ministry of Jal Shakti:
• This ministry was formed in May 2019 by merging two ministries, the Ministry of Water Resources, River Development & Ganga Rejuvenation and the Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation.
• Its aim is to manage water resources in India and ensure clean drinking water for all citizens.
• Water Conservation:
• Water conservation refers to the practices, techniques, and policies used to manage fresh water resources, reduce water consumption, and ensure sustainable supply.
• Effective water conservation practices include rainwater harvesting, water recycling, and the efficient use of water in agriculture and industry.
• Importance of Water Conservation:
• Water conservation is crucial to mitigate water scarcity, maintain the balance of ecosystems, and ensure that future generations have access to fresh water.
• It also helps in reducing energy consumption, as water treatment and distribution require significant amounts of energy.

The correct answer is Zoon Monj.

Key Points

• Zoon Monj is the book awarded the Bal Sahitya Puraskar 2022 in the Kashmiri language by the Sahitya Akademi.
• The Bal Sahitya Puraskar is an annual award given by the Sahitya Akademi to recognize outstanding works of children's literature in various Indian languages.
• Zoon Monj highlights the rich cultural and linguistic heritage of the Kashmiri language, making it a significant contribution to children's literature.
• The award aims to encourage and promote high-quality literature for children, thus fostering a love for reading among young readers.

Additional Information

• Sahitya Akademi
• The Sahitya Akademi, India's National Academy of Letters, is dedicated to the promotion of literature in the languages of India.
• It was established in March 1954 as an autonomous organization, fully funded by the Ministry of Culture, Government of India.
• The Akademi aims to foster and coordinate literary activities in all Indian languages and to promote through them the cultural unity of the country.
• It organizes literary events, seminars, and workshops and also confers annual awards to recognize literary excellence.
• Bal Sahitya Puraskar
• The Bal Sahitya Puraskar is an annual award given by the Sahitya Akademi to recognize outstanding books for children in various Indian languages.
• It was instituted in 2010 to encourage writers and publishers to produce high-quality literature for children.
• The award includes a plaque and a cash prize, highlighting the importance of children's literature in the overall literary landscape of India.
• The recognition helps to bring attention to the needs and interests of young readers, fostering a love for reading and learning among children.
• Children's Literature
• Children's literature includes stories, books, magazines, and poems that are created for children.
• It plays a crucial role in the development of children, helping them to understand the world, develop empathy, and build language and literacy skills.
• High-quality children's literature often features engaging narratives, relatable characters, and illustrations that complement the text.
• Encouraging children to read from an early age can have long-lasting positive effects on their cognitive and emotional development.

The correct answer is Trans Stadia Enterprises Private Limited.

Key Points

• Trans Stadia Enterprises Private Limited is recognized for their significant contribution in the field of sports and youth development.
• The organization has been actively involved in identifying and nurturing budding and young talent across various sports disciplines.
• They have implemented several initiatives and programs aimed at providing young athletes with the necessary training, resources, and exposure.
• Trans Stadia's efforts have led to the discovery and development of numerous promising athletes who have gone on to represent the country at various levels.

Additional Information

• Rashtriya Khel Protsahan Puraskar
• The Rashtriya Khel Protsahan Puraskar is an award instituted by the Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports, Government of India.
• It aims to recognize the contribution made by organizations, both in the private and public sectors, as well as NGOs in the field of sports promotion and development.
• The award is presented annually and includes categories such as "Identification and Nurturing of Budding and Young Talent," "Encouragement to Sports through Corporate Social Responsibility," and others.
• The award highlights the importance of collaborative efforts in creating a robust sports ecosystem in the country.
• Importance of Identifying and Nurturing Young Talent
• Identifying and nurturing young talent is crucial for the sustained success and growth of sports in any nation.
• Early identification allows for targeted training and development programs tailored to the specific needs of the athlete.
• Nurturing young talent involves providing access to quality coaching, facilities, nutritional guidance, and competitive exposure.
• Such efforts ensure that young athletes are well-equipped to reach their full potential and represent their country at national and international levels.
• Role of Corporate and Private Organizations in Sports Development
• Corporate and private organizations play a significant role in the development of sports through funding, infrastructure development, and sponsorships.
• These organizations often adopt Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) initiatives focused on promoting sports and supporting athletes.
• Partnerships between the government and private sector can lead to enhanced resources, better facilities, and more comprehensive training programs for athletes.
• Such collaborations contribute to the overall development of a vibrant sports culture in the country.

The correct answer is William Ruto.

Key Points

• William Ruto was declared the winner of the Kenyan presidential election held in August 2022.
• He won against his main competitor, Raila Odinga, in a tightly contested election.
• Ruto secured approximately 50.5% of the vote, surpassing the 50% threshold needed to avoid a runoff.
• He was previously serving as the Deputy President of Kenya before contesting in the presidential election.

Additional Information

• Kenyan Presidential Election:
• The Kenyan presidential election is held every five years, and a candidate must secure more than 50% of the vote to win outright.
• If no candidate meets this threshold, a runoff election between the top two candidates is held.
• Electoral Process:
• Kenya uses a first-past-the-post electoral system for its presidential elections.
• The Independent Electoral and Boundaries Commission (IEBC) is responsible for overseeing the election process.
• Previous Elections:
• The 2017 presidential election in Kenya was marred by controversy and led to a re-run after the Supreme Court annulled the initial results.
• Uhuru Kenyatta, the incumbent at the time, won the re-run against Raila Odinga.
• Political Landscape:
• Kenya's political landscape is often influenced by ethnic affiliations, with different regions showing strong support for particular candidates.
• The 2022 election saw a significant shift, with Ruto positioning himself as a candidate for the "hustler nation," appealing to the economically disadvantaged.

The correct answer is 2021-2030.

Key Points

• The United Nations has declared the decade from 2021 to 2030 as the 'Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development'.
• This initiative aims to support efforts to reverse the cycle of decline in ocean health and gather ocean stakeholders worldwide behind a common framework.
• The goal is to ensure sustainable management of oceans and marine resources by integrating scientific knowledge and innovative solutions.
• The decade-long initiative is essential for achieving the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 14 (Life Below Water), which seeks to conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas, and marine resources.

Additional Information

• United Nations Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development (2021-2030)
• This decade aims to mobilize the scientific community, policymakers, business, and civil society around a program of joint research and technological innovation.
• The initiative focuses on enhancing ocean observation systems, improving understanding of the ocean's role in climate and ecosystem health, and fostering blue economy opportunities.
• Key areas of action include addressing ocean acidification, marine pollution, and habitat destruction.
• The decade also emphasizes capacity building and technology transfer to developing countries to ensure inclusive participation in ocean science.
• Sustainable Development Goal 14 (Life Below Water)
• SDG 14 is one of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals established by the United Nations in 2015.
• It aims to conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas, and marine resources for sustainable development.
• Targets include reducing marine pollution, protecting marine and coastal ecosystems, and minimizing the impacts of ocean acidification.
• The goal also promotes sustainable fisheries, supporting small-scale fishers, and ensuring the conservation of at least 10% of coastal and marine areas by 2020.
• Ocean Health and Its Importance
• Healthy oceans are crucial for the well-being of humans and the planet, providing food, oxygen, and livelihoods.
• Oceans play a significant role in regulating climate by absorbing carbon dioxide and heat from the atmosphere.
• They are also biodiversity hotspots, home to a vast array of marine life that supports complex ecosystems.
• Ensuring ocean health is vital for economic activities such as tourism, fishing, and shipping, which are integral to many economies worldwide.

The correct answer is It breaks down the starch into Sugars.

Key Points

• Saliva contains an enzyme called amylase, which is responsible for breaking down starch into sugars.
• Amylase specifically targets the polysaccharide chains of starch, breaking them into smaller sugar molecules like maltose and dextrins.
• This enzymatic action begins in the mouth, making it the first step of the digestive process.
• The breakdown of starch into sugars by saliva not only aids digestion but also helps in tasting food, as simpler sugars are more readily detected by taste buds.

Additional Information

• Saliva:
• Saliva is a watery secretion produced by the salivary glands in the mouth.
• It contains enzymes, electrolytes, mucus, and antibacterial compounds that help in the initial stages of digestion and maintaining oral hygiene.
• Amylase:
• Amylase is an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of starch into sugars.
• There are two types of amylase: alpha-amylase and beta-amylase. Salivary amylase is a form of alpha-amylase.
• Starch:
• Starch is a complex carbohydrate consisting of numerous glucose units.
• It is a major form of energy storage in plants and is found in foods like potatoes, rice, and wheat.
• Sugars:
• Sugars are simpler carbohydrates that include glucose, fructose, and sucrose.
• They are easily absorbed by the body and provide a quick source of energy.

The correct answer is Napoleon Bonaparte.

Key Points

• Napoleon Bonaparte was a French military leader who rose to prominence during the French Revolution and led several successful campaigns during the Revolutionary Wars.
• The Battle of Waterloo took place on June 18, 1815, near Waterloo in present-day Belgium.
• Napoleon Bonaparte was defeated by a coalition of forces led by the Duke of Wellington (British) and Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher (Prussian).
• This defeat marked the end of Napoleon's rule as Emperor of the French and led to his second abdication and exile to Saint Helena.

Additional Information

• Battle of Waterloo
• The Battle of Waterloo was fought on Sunday, 18 June 1815, and was a decisive battle that ended the Napoleonic Wars.
• It was fought between Napoleon's French Army and the Seventh Coalition, which included British, Dutch, Belgian, and Prussian forces.
• The battle saw heavy casualties on both sides, with estimates of around 25,000 French and 23,000 Coalition soldiers killed or wounded.
• The defeat at Waterloo led to the restoration of the Bourbon monarchy in France and marked the end of Napoleon's political and military career.
• Napoleon Bonaparte
• Born on August 15, 1769, in Corsica, Napoleon rose rapidly through the ranks of the French army during the French Revolution.
• He became Emperor of the French in 1804 and led France in a series of military conquests across Europe.
• Napoleon implemented several reforms in France, including the Napoleonic Code, which influenced legal systems worldwide.
• After his defeat at Waterloo, Napoleon was exiled to the island of Saint Helena, where he died on May 5, 1821.
• Duke of Wellington
• Arthur Wellesley, 1^st Duke of Wellington, was a British Army officer and statesman who defeated Napoleon at the Battle of Waterloo.
• He served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom twice and was known for his military and political career.
• Wellington's leadership at Waterloo was crucial in the defeat of Napoleon.
• He is often referred to as one of Britain's greatest military heroes.
• Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher
• Blücher was a Prussian field marshal who played a key role in the defeat of Napoleon at Waterloo.
• He commanded the Prussian forces that arrived to support Wellington's troops during the battle.
• Blücher's timely arrival and coordination with Wellington were vital in turning the tide against Napoleon.
• He is celebrated as one of the most successful Prussian military leaders.

The correct answer is Equal pay for equal work.

Key Points

• Equal pay for equal work is not specifically mentioned as a fundamental right under Part III of the Indian Constitution.
• It is, however, a directive principle under Article 39(d) of the Indian Constitution, which is not justiciable.
• Fundamental rights are enforceable by the courts, but Directive Principles of State Policy are not enforceable in a court of law.
• The concept of equal pay for equal work is upheld through various labor laws and judicial pronouncements in India.

Additional Information

• Protection from being punished for the same offence twice:
• This is guaranteed under Article 20(2) of the Indian Constitution, which is a fundamental right.
• This principle is also known as "Double Jeopardy".
• Equality of opportunity in matters of public employment:
• Guaranteed under Article 16 of the Indian Constitution.
• This ensures no discrimination on the grounds of religion, race, caste, sex, descent, place of birth, residence or any of them in public employment.
• Protection of personal liberty:
• Guaranteed under Article 21 of the Indian Constitution, which states that no person shall be deprived of his life or personal liberty except according to procedure established by law.
• This article is considered as the heart of fundamental rights.
• Directive Principles of State Policy:
• These are provided under Part IV of the Indian Constitution from Articles 36 to 51.
• They are guidelines for the framing of laws by the government and are not enforceable by the courts.
• They aim to create social and economic conditions under which citizens can lead a good life.

The correct answer is Tamil Nadu.

Key Points

• Tamil Nadu has the highest percentage of households using clean fuel for cooking according to the National Family Health Survey (NFHS) 2019-21.
• Clean fuel for cooking includes LPG, biogas, and electricity, which are essential for reducing indoor air pollution and improving health outcomes.
• The high percentage of households using clean fuel in Tamil Nadu can be attributed to various state and central government schemes promoting LPG usage.
• In addition to government schemes, the awareness and educational programs in Tamil Nadu have played a significant role in encouraging the use of clean cooking fuels.

Additional Information

• National Family Health Survey (NFHS)
• NFHS is a large-scale, multi-round survey conducted in a representative sample of households throughout India.
• The survey provides essential data on health and family welfare, including fertility, infant and child mortality, the practice of family planning, maternal and child health, reproductive health, nutrition, and the utilization of health and family planning services.
• NFHS-5 (2019-21) is the most recent survey and provides a wealth of data on various health indicators, including the use of clean cooking fuels.
• The data collected through NFHS helps in policy formulation and monitoring of various government programs.
• Clean Cooking Fuels
• Clean cooking fuels are energy sources that produce little or no harmful emissions when burned, such as LPG, biogas, and electricity.
• Using clean cooking fuels is crucial for reducing indoor air pollution, which can cause respiratory and cardiovascular diseases.
• Transitioning to clean cooking fuels can significantly improve health outcomes, particularly for women and children who are most exposed to indoor air pollution from traditional cooking methods.
• Government schemes like the Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana (PMUY) have been instrumental in increasing the adoption of LPG among low-income households.
• Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana (PMUY)
• Launched in May 2016, PMUY aims to provide LPG connections to women from Below Poverty Line (BPL) households.
• The scheme provides financial support to cover the initial cost of the LPG connection, thereby making clean cooking fuels accessible to low-income families.
• PMUY has significantly contributed to increasing the penetration of LPG in rural and underserved areas.
• As of 2021, the scheme has benefited over 8 crore households, reducing their dependence on traditional biomass fuels.

The correct answer is Slash and Burn Agricultures.

Key Points

• Slash and Burn Agriculture is a method of cultivation that involves cutting and burning plants in a forest or woodland to create a field called a swidden.
• This method is known by various local names in India, such as Bewar in Madhya Pradesh, Podu in Andhra Pradesh, and Dahiya in Odisha.
• It is primarily practiced by tribal communities in hilly and forested regions of India.
• Though it helps in clearing land for agriculture, it can lead to deforestation, loss of biodiversity, and soil erosion if not managed sustainably.

Additional Information

• Terrace Farming
• It involves creating terraces or steps on the slopes of hills to prevent soil erosion and manage water runoff.
• This method is common in hilly areas of India, such as the Western Ghats and Northeastern states.
• Agroforestry
• It is a land-use management system where trees or shrubs are grown around or among crops or pastureland.
• This practice enhances biodiversity, reduces erosion, and improves soil structure and fertility.
• Livestock Farming
• This involves the breeding and raising of animals for food, fiber, labor, or other products.
• Common livestock include cattle, sheep, goats, pigs, and poultry.

Given: 7 3 7 5 3 7 5 7 5 3 7 5 7 5 3 7 5 3

Condition:  '7- 5 - 3′

According to the question:

7 3 7 5 3 7 5 7 5 3 7 5 7 5 3 7 5 3

Thus, in given series 4 such pairs which follow the condition  '7- 5 - 3′.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 1".

Given:

 Ankit starts from his house and walks 40 metres in north-west.

He then turns and walks 40 metres in north-east.

He again turns and walks 40 metres in south-east

and finally he turns again towards his house.

Thus, now he is moving in the South-west.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 4".

Given: A, B, C, D, E, F, G and H are sitting around a circle at an equal distance facing the centre of the circle.

 B sits third to the left of 'A'. .'A' sits second to the left of 'H'.

There are two persons between 'F' and 'H'.  'E' and 'F' are neighbours. 

'G' is immediate neighbour of neither 'A' nor 'B' 'D' sits second to the left of 'G'.

Final Arrangement.

Thus, C is sitting immediate right of "G".

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 1".

Given: Q: Suman ranks 39^th from the bottom in a class. What is her rank from the top?

(I): Rajan ranks 12^th from the top and 34^th from the bottom in the same class. 

Rank of Rajan from top = Total students − Rank from bottom + 1

12 = Total students - 34 + 1

Total students = 12 + 34 − 1 = 45

Now, we know the total number of students in the class, so we can use the formula for Suman:

Rank of Suman from top = 45 − 39 + 1 = 7

✅ Statement (I) alone is sufficient.

(II): There are 45 students in the class.

Using the same formula:

Rank of Suman from top = Total students − Rank from bottom + 1

Rank of Suman from top = 45 − 39 + 1 = 7

✅ Statement (II) alone is also sufficient.

Thus, Either statement (I) or (II) alone are sufficient to answer the question.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 3".

Given: 

H represents honest, 

I represents intelligent,

O represents optimistic,

P represents punctual persons.

The shaded part of the figure shows  punctual, optimistic and honest but not intelligent.

Thus,  punctual, optimistic and honest but not intelligent person is "3".

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 2".

The correct answer is Input and Output devices.

Key Points

• Input and Output devices are essential for user interaction with a computer.
• Input devices allow users to provide data and control signals to a computer.
• Examples include keyboards, mouse, scanners, and microphones.
• Output devices convert computer information into human-readable form.
• Examples include monitors, printers, and speakers.
• Combining input and output devices allows for comprehensive user interaction with the computer system.

Additional Information

• Examples of input devices include keyboards, mouse, scanners, cameras, joysticks, and microphones.
• Examples of output devices include monitors, printers, plotters, and speakers.
• Memory refers to the processes used to acquire, store, retain, and retrieve information in computing.
• Memory is used to store information for immediate use in computers and related devices.
• It is often synonymous with primary storage or main memory.
• An archaic synonym for memory is store.

The correct answer is Random Access Memory.

Key Points

• Random Access Memory (RAM) is a type of computer memory that can be accessed randomly.
• RAM is a volatile memory, meaning it only retains data while the computer is powered on.
• It is used to store the working data and machine code currently being used.
• RAM allows data items to be read or written in almost the same amount of time irrespective of the physical location of data inside the memory.

Additional Information

• There are mainly two types of RAM:
• Static RAM (SRAM) - It retains data bits in its memory as long as power is being supplied.
• Dynamic RAM (DRAM) - It needs to be periodically refreshed to retain data.
• RAM is different from ROM (Read-Only Memory), which is non-volatile and used for permanent storage.

The correct answer is Microsoft Power Point.

Key Points

• Microsoft Power Point is a presentation software developed by Microsoft.
• It is widely used to create multimedia presentations that can include text, images, audio, and video.
• Microsoft Power Point offers a variety of tools and features to enhance presentations, such as animations, transitions, and slide templates.
• It is an ideal tool for creating educational content, business presentations, and informational slideshows.

Additional Information

• Microsoft Edge is a web browser developed by Microsoft, not suitable for creating multimedia presentations.
• Microsoft Excel is a spreadsheet program used for data analysis and visualization, not ideal for multimedia presentations.
• Microsoft Team is a collaboration platform that integrates with Office 365, primarily used for communication and teamwork.

The correct answer is Worms.

Key Points

• A worm is a type of malware that replicates itself to spread to other computers.
• Unlike a virus, it does not need to attach itself to an existing program.
• It can spread through email, network connections, or vulnerabilities in software.
• Worms can cause significant harm by consuming bandwidth, overloading systems, and sometimes delivering payloads that can cause further damage.
• They are often used to create botnets, which can be used for attacks or to distribute other malware.

Additional Information

• Spam: Unsolicited bulk messages, often sent via email, for advertising or phishing purposes.
• Anti-Virus: Software designed to detect and remove malware, including viruses and worms.
• Trojan Horses: Malicious software disguised as legitimate software, used to gain access to users' systems.

The correct answer is MAN

Key Points

• A MAN (Metropolitan Area Network) spans a larger geographic area such as a city and is typically used to connect multiple LANs within that area.
• Examples include the network of a citywide school district or a large university campus.

Additional Information

• A LAN (Local Area Network) is a network that connects computers and other devices in a relatively small area, typically a single building or a group of buildings.
• LANs are characterized by higher data-transfer rates, smaller geographic areas, and lack of reliance on leased telecommunication lines. 
• In the given scenario, the network is connecting branches of a school society within the same city, making it a suitable example of a LAN.
• Examples of LAN include home networks, office networks, and school networks.
• WAN (Wide Area Network) covers a broad area, such as multiple cities, countries, or continents, and is used to connect multiple LANs and MANs.
• Examples include the internet and large corporate or government networks.