ICAR Technician 5 March 2022 Shift 3 (Previous Year Paper)

The correct answer is Tamil, Sanskrit, Kannada, Odia.

Key Points

• There are 11 languages that have the ‘Classical’ status in India:
• These are Tamil (2004), Sanskrit (2005), Kannada (2008), Telugu (2008), Malayalam (2013), and Odia (2014).
• The five new classical languages of India are Marathi, Pali, Prakrit, Assamese, and Bengali (October 2024).
• All of them are listed in the Eighth Schedule of the Constitution.
• The first language to be accorded with classical status was Tamil in 2004.
• A classical language is a language with an independent literary tradition and a large and ancient body of written literature.

Additional Information

• Originally there were fourteen languages in the Eighth Schedule of the Indian Constitution, but eight were added during amendments, now 22  languages are there.

Important Points

• Sindhi was added by the 21st  Amendment Act, 1967.
• Konkani, Manipuri and Nepali were added by the  71st Amendment Act, 1992.
• Bodo, Dogri, Maithili, and Santhali were added by the 92nd Amendment Act, 2003.

The correct answer is Mahabodhi.

Key Points

• The Mahabodhi (Great Enlightenment) Temple is a Buddhist stupa found in Bodhgaya, India.
• It is the most consecrated site in Buddhism and went by consistently by both Buddhist and Hindu explorers.
• Numerous Hindus honor the Buddha as an incarnation of Vishnu.

Important Points

• Four main councils were held in Buddhism.
• ​The first council was held in 483 BC at Rajgriha in the period of King Ajatshatru.
• The second council was held in 383 BC at Vaishali in the period of King Kalasoka.
• The third council was held in 250 BC at Pataliputra in the period of King Ashoka.
• The fourth council was held in 72 AD in Kashmir during the period of King Kanishka.

Additional Information

• The date of Gautama Buddha's enlightenment is not known for certain.
• Gautam Buddha was born in 563 B.C. as Siddhartha, The prince of Kapilvastu in (Nepal).
• The first sermon of Buddha at Sarnath (Varanasi).

The correct answer is Front part of eye between cornea and Iris.

Key Points

• Anterior chamber is an angular space.
• It is the space formed anteriorly by the posterior (inner) surface of the cornea.
• Posteriorly by the lens within the pupillary aperture, anterior surface of the iris and a part of ciliary body.​

Additional Information

• Pupil visible with the gonioscope if dilated.
• Iris colors varies between individuals.
• Ciliary body longitudinal muscle color varies between individuals - may be pale brown, grey, or dark.
• Aperture at the centre of iris.

The correct answer is Delhi Transport Corporation.

Key Points

• Arvind Kejriwal flagged off Delhi's first DTC electric bus.
• Arvind Kejriwal said that the bus takes 1-1.5 hours to charge fully**.**
• This bus can cover a minimum distance of 120 Kilometers in one full charge**.​**

Additional Information

• Delhi (as of April 2022)​​

1. ​Number of Districts: 11
2. Number of Lok Sabha seats: 7
3. Number of Rajya Sabha seats: 3
4. State animal: Nilgai
5. State bird: House sparrow

The correct answer is Dharmendra Pradhan.

Key Points

• Dharmendra Pradhan is the current education minister of India, Who launched the 3.0 NEAT (National Alliance for Technology).
• NEAT will promote Indian Ed-Tech companies (Aatmanirbhar Bharat).
• Will help B2B & B2C sales Models.
• A bridge between Ed-Tech companies, Academic institutions, and Students.
• Will promote Ed-Tech companies to tier-3and Rural students.

Additional Information

• Portfolio as of (April 2022)
• Amit Shah is the current Home Minister of India.
• Rajnath Singh is the current Defence Minister of India.
• Narendra Modi is the current Prime Minister of India.

The correct answer is Karnataka.

Key Points

• Karnataka will have India's first Toy manufacturing cluster in Koppala.
• This  Cluster will create 40,000 jobs.
• For this project, the government is likely to the investment of 5000 Crore rupees.
• Cluster built in a 400 acre SEZ (Special Economic Zone) Koppala near Bengaluru.

Additional Information

• **Karnataka (as of 2022)**​
• Number of Districts - 31
• Lok Sabha seats - 28
• Rajya Sabha seats - 12
• Chief Minister - Siddaramaiah since 2023.

The correct answer is Betwa.

Key Points

• Sukwa Dukwan dam is a check dam sort of construction across the River Betwa.
• It was constructed in 1906 to serve the irrigation and drinking purposes of the water-stressed Bundelkhand region of UP. and MP.
• It was recently named World Heritage Irrigation Construction.

Additional Information

• International Commission on Irrigation and Drainage (ICID) is a leading scientific and not-for-profit international organization working in the field of irrigation, and drainage to achieve sustainable agriculture water management.
• It recognizes structures that have been built 100 years ago and serve the irrigational needs as World Heritage Irrigation Structures.
• Sharda river is a tributary of River Ghagra.
• Garai is a distributary of the River Ganga which flows in Bangladesh.

The correct answer is option 3.

Key Points

• A decomposition reaction is a type of chemical reaction in which a compound breaks down into two or more substances.
• The starting substance is called reactant and the end substances are called products.

​

• Example: Water splits into Hydrogen and Oxygen upon electrical energy.

​

Additional Information

• Decomposition reaction generally takes energy to break the existing bonds in the reactant.
• Based on the type of energy the reactant will be decomposed thermally, electrically, photochemically or in presence of a catalyst.
• It can be observed practically in many common activities like:​

1. ​Digestion of food (complex food breaking down into nutrient materials)
2. Fizz effect in many bottled drinks (CO2 gas bubbles from Carbonic acid)
3. Baking a cake (SodiumBicarbonate into Sodium Hydroxide and Carbon Dioxide)​

The correct answer is Radha Kant Dev.

Key Points

• Radha Kant Dev is the founder of Dharma Sabha.
• It was formed in the year 1830.
• It is based on the idea of opposing the intrusion of the British in religious affairs.
• It advocated against the social reforms of the Abolition of Sati and Widow Remarriage Act.

Additional Information

• Keshab Chandra Sen
• He is a philosopher and social reformer who was initially associated with Brahmo Samaj.
• He later opposed and came out to support secularism in the reforms.
• He founded the Indian Reform Association in 1870.
• ​Govind Ranade
• ​He is a scholar and social reformer and was one of the founding members of INC.​
• He was instrumental in establishing Poona Sarvajanik Sabha and Prarthana Samaj.
• He is also known as Justice Ranade (Judge of Bombay High Court ).

The correct answer is Rajasthan.

Key Points

• Famous folk dances of Rajasthan are:
• Ghumar, Chakri, Ganagor, Jhulan Leela, Jhuma, Suisini, Ghapal, Kalbeliya.
• ​Bhavai dance can also be seen in some parts of the **Northern parts of Gujarat (apart from Rajasthan).**​

Additional Information

The correct answer is Ladakh.

Key Points

• Ladakh women's team has won the 9th National Women’s Ice Hockey Championship.
• It was conducted at Kaza in Himachal Pradesh.
• Teams from Chandigarh, Delhi, Ladakh, Himachal Pradesh, Telangana and ITBP have participated.
• The championship is conducted by the Ice Hockey Association of India (IHAI).

Additional Information

• Himachal Pradesh
• it is a Himalayan hill state in the North India.
• It is famous for its hill stations and snow-capped mountains.
• Capital: Shimla
• CM: Jairam Thakur (as of April 2022)
• Governor: B Dattatreya (as of April 2022)

The correct answer is option 1.

Key Points

• Punjab​
• Capital: Chandigarh
• CM: Bhagawant Mann singh
• Governor: Bhanwarilal Purohit
• Assembly seats: 117
• Parliamentary Constituencies: 13 (LS), 7(RS)​
• Uttar Pradesh
• Capital: Lucknow
• CM: Yogi Adityanath
• Governor: Anandiben Patel
• Assembly seats: 404
• Parliamentary Constituencies: 80(LS), 31(RS)​
• Manipur
• Capital: Imphal
• CM: N Biren Singh
• Governor: La Ganesan
• Assembly seats: 60
• Parliamentary Constituencies: 2 (LS), 1(RS)
• Goa
• Capital: Panaji
• CM: Pramod Sawant
• Governor: P S Sreedharan Pillai
• Assembly seats: 40
• Parliamentary Constituencies: 2(LS), 1(RS)
• ​Uttarakhand
• Capital: Dehradun
• CM: Pushkar Singh Dhami
• Governor: Lt Gen Gurmit Singh
• Assembly seats: 70
• Parliamentary Constituencies: 5(LS), 3(RS)

​All information as of April 2022

The correct answer is Sania Mirza.

Key Points

• Sania Mirza is an Indian female tennis player, who was a former Doubles No.1.
• She has won 6 Grand Slams in her career.
• She is the highest-ranked female tennis player from India with a rank of 27 in mid of 2007.

Additional Information

• Ankita Raina is one of the Indian female tennis players to enter the top 200 of the WTA rankings with a Bronze in the 2018 Asian Games.
• Riya Bhatia woman tennis player from India
• Karman Kaur Thandi is an Indian female tennis player who participated in the 2018 Asian Games.

The correct answer is Kerala.

Key Points

• Moplah rebellion refers to the revolt of the peasants against the local landlords controlled by the British government.
• This took place in the Malabar region of the erstwhile Madras Presidency which is now the Malappuram area of Kerala, in 1921.
• The Moplahs are Muslim tenants in the area who practiced agriculture.
• The feudal system and its shortcomings are the main reason behind the rebellion.
• The prominent leaders of the rebellion were Ali Musaliyar and Variyankunnath Kunjahammed Haji.

Additional Information

• Kolkata has been the capital of British India till 1911 when the Indian opposition against the British started in the form of the Battle of Plassey (1757).
• Lucknow is the capital of the Awadh region which is ruled over Begum Hazrat Mahal of Awadh who played an important role in the Revolt of 1857.
• Bihar: Santhal Tribal Movement (1855-56) against the establishment of the Permanent Settlement system of 1793. Champaran Satyagraha (1917) against the oppression of Indigo planters.

The correct answer is Himachal Pradesh.

Key Points

• Namgyalma stupa is a Tibetan Buddhist stupa and a monastery belonging to the Dalai Lama tradition.
• It is located in Dharamsala, Himachal Pradesh.
• A stupa is a meditation or prayer hall that houses relics of Buddha/Buddhist monks or nuns.

Additional Information

• Andhra Pradesh
• Amaravati Stupa
• Nagarjunakonda
• Thotalkonda Budhist site, Visakhapatnam
• ​Madhya Pradesh
• ​Sanchi Stupa is a famous stupa and is one of the oldest stone structures existing in India.
• ​Uttar Pradesh
• ​Kushinagar is the place where Buddha attained Mahaparinirvana.
• Dhamekh Stupa at Sarnath.

The correct answer is Atul Keshap.

Key Points

• Atul Keshap is the president of US-India Business Council (USIBC).
• USIBC is a part of U.S. Chamber of Commerce, helps in creating bilateral relationships in trade and commerce between the two countries.

Additional Information

• USIBC (US India Business Council) 
• It is formed in 1975 and has representation of top level companies across the U.S. and India.
• It is a business advocacy organization between the two countries.
• It promotes trade relations by suggesting key policy initiatives for bilateral trade between the countries.
• It helps in maintaining the environment for businesses by providing policy advice, market research.
• Nisha Desai Biswal is the senior Vice-President of US-India Business Council (USIBC)
• Vivek Joshi is the current Registrar General & Census Commissioner of India.

The correct answer is Kathak.

In News

• Kathak legend Pandit Birju Maharaj died at his home in Delhi on January 17, 2022, after suffering a heart attack.

Key Points

• Birju Maharaj or Brijmohan Nath Mishra Maharaj was an Indian dancer, a master of the kathak form and a leading exponent of the Kalka-Bindadin Gharana of Lucknow.
• He became a dance teacher at the age of 13.
• He won the Sangeet Natak Akademi Award when he was 28.
• He claimed to have inherited the precision of footwork and the play of the face and neck from his father, and the stylized fluidity of movement from his uncles.
• He choreographed and composed music for many Indian movies.
• He was awarded the Padma Vibhushan in 1986.
• Kathak is the principal dance of northern India and is widely practised in Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, Delhi, and Madhya Pradesh.

 

Additional Information

• Kuchipudi
• ​It originated from a village in the Krishna district in Andhra Pradesh.
• It evolved as a religious art rooting back to the age-old Hindu Sanskrit text Natya Shastra and connects traditionally with temples, spiritual faiths, and travelling bards.
• Bharatanatyam
• ​Bharatanatyam is one of the oldest and most popular forms of classical dance that originated in the Tanjore district in Tamil Nadu.
• The origin of this dance can be traced to the sage Bharata Muni's Natyasastra.
• Sattriya
• ​Sattriya is a dance form that is more than 500 years old and comes from the Vaishnavite monasteries of Assam.
• It is a dance-drama performance art.

The correct answer is Taghi.

Key Points

• MuhhamadTughlaq was the second ruler of the Tughlaq dynasty.
• He passed away in Thatta while battling in Sindh against Taghi, a Turkish slave.
• Ferozshah tughaq built Feroz Shah Kotla, peppered Delhi with gardens, constructed canals, and hunting lodges, and repaired Qutub Minar, Hauz Khas, and Surajkund.

Additional Information

• Balban
• ​Balban was a slave of Iltutmish, the ruler of the Slave dynasty.
• He ascended the throne of Delhi in February 1265 AD.
• He started Sijda and Paibos to the sultan.
• He introduced the Persian festival Navroz.
• Khusrau Khan
• ​Khusrau Khan was the Sultan of Delhi for a very short time period in 1320.
• Mubarak Shah gave him the title Khusrau Shah.
• Ghazi Malik or Ghiasuddin Tughlaq defeated Khusrau Khan and founded the Tughluq dynasty.
• Firishta
• ​He was a Persian historian, who settled in India and served the Deccan Sultans as their court historian.
• He was born in 1560 and died in 1620.

The correct answer is Gamaleya National Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology.

Key Points

• Sputnik V is an adenovirus viral vector vaccine for COVID-19 developed by the Gamaleya Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology in Russia.
• Sputnik V is the world's first registered vaccine based on a well-studied human adenovirus vector platform, it was registered on 11 August 2020 by the Russian Ministry of Health.
• The vaccine is named after the first Soviet space satellite.
• The Gamaleya National Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology is the world’s leading research institution.
• The center was founded in 1891 as a private laboratory.
• Since 1949 it bears the name of Nikolai Gamaleya, a pioneer in Russian microbiology studies.

Additional Information

• National Institute of Health
• ​The National Institutes of Health (NIH) is a part of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
• It is the US' medical research agency making important discoveries that improve health and save lives.
• Serum Institute of India
• ​Serum Institute of India is the world's largest vaccine manufacturer by number of doses produced and sold globally which includes Polio vaccine, Diphtheria, Tetanus, Pertussis, etc.
• It was founded in 1966 by Dr. Cyrus Poonawalla with the aim of manufacturing life-saving immuno-biologicals, which were in shortage in the country and imported at high prices.
• Canadian Institute of Health Science
• The Canadian Academy of Health Sciences brings together Canada’s top-ranked health and biomedical scientists and scholars to make a positive impact on the urgent health concerns of Canadians.

The correct answer is CryptoWire.

Key Points

• Cryptocurrency app CryptoWire recently launched India's first cryptocurrency index called IC15.
• This index will measure and monitor the performance of 15 top widely traded cryptocurrencies that are listed on crypto exchanges in the world.
• CryptoWire claimed that index IC15 is designed to increase the awareness and knowledge of cryptocurrencies among people as well as help in the blockchain ecosystem.
• The approach for index IC15 is to facilitate market development.
• The index includes a governance committee (IGC) that comprises leading domain experts, academicians, and industry practitioners.
• It is aimed to enable market development by offering all possible support to evaluate possibilities for better growth.

The correct answer is Bhanoor, Telangana.

Key Points

• Defense Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) successfully flight tested the Man-Portable Anti-Tank Guided Missile (MPATGM), in its final deliverable configuration.
• MPATGM will be manufactured by Bharat Dynamics Limited at its facility in Bhanoor, Telangana.
• The purpose of testing the missile was to check its consistent performance at a minimum range, which is 200-300 meters.
• MPATGM has already completed a similar successful test for a maximum range of 4,000 meters.
• With this successful test of the MPATGM, the system is now ready for production in large numbers in India.
• DRDO is the R&D wing of the Ministry of Defence, Govt of India.
• Its vision is to empower India with cutting-edge defense technologies and a mission to achieve self-reliance in critical defense technologies and systems.
• It was founded in 1958.

The correct answer is 9th.

Key Points

• Women’s National Ice Hockey Championship 2022
• Series: 9th
• Host State: Himachal Pradesh
• Held at: Kaza area in the Lahaul-Spiti district of Himachal Pradesh
• Participating States: Ladakh, Delhi, Himachal Pradesh, Chandigarh, Telangana, and Indo-Tibetan Border Police
• Organized by: Ice Hockey Association of India
• Winner State: Ladakh

Important Points

• Ice Hockey Association of India
• President: Dr Surinder Mohan Bali
• Himachal Pradesh (as of April 2022)
• Capital: Shimala (Summer), Dharmshala (Winter)
• Chief Minister: Jay Ram Thakur
• Governor: Rajendra Arlekar
• Bordering States: Punjab, Harayana, Uttarakhand, Jammu Kashmir, and Ladakh
• International Border: Tibet (China)

The correct answer is Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation.

Key Points

• Brihan Mumbai Municipal Corp (BMC)
• This is the only municipal corporation in the world that will be providing more than 80 services on Whatsapp, Chatbot to its citizens.
• The services include citizen-centric services, tourism, business, etc.
• It is India's richest municipal corporation.
• The service is launched virtually by the CM of Maharashtra.

Additional Information

• Maharashtra (as of April 2022)
• Capital: Mumbai
• Chief Minister: Uddhav Thakare
• Governor: Bhagat Singh Koshyari
• Bordering States: Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Telangana, Karnataka, Goa

The correct answer is Chhattisgarh.

Key Points

• Rojgar Mission 
• Chhattisgarh government decided to launch an employment scheme called Rojgar Mission in 2022.
• The aim of the mission is to provide 12 lakh to 15 lakh jobs in state government in the next five years

Additional Information

• Chhattisgarh (as of April 2022)
• Capital: Raipur
• Chief Minister: Bhupesh Baghel
• Governor: Anusuiya Uikey
• Bordering State: Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Telangana, Andhra Pradesh, Odisha, Jharkhand

The correct answer is Tamil Nadu.

In News 

• ISRO successfully conduct the qualification test of the cryogenic engine for the Gaganyaan program for the duration of 720 seconds at ISRO Propulsion Complex (IPRC), Mahendragiri, Tamil Nadu.

Additional Information

• Gaganyaan Mission
• The Program will undertake a human space flight mission to Low Earth Orbit.
• This program includes two unmanned missions and one manned mission.
• GSLV MK-III, launch vehicle will be used to launch Gaganyaan Mission
• Vyomitra 
• It is a female-looking humanoid robot developed to function onboard the Gaganyaan.
• Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO)
• Established: 15 August 1969
• Headquarters: Bengaluru, Karnataka
• Chairman: Dr. S. Somanath

Given:

(x + 2y)3 + (2x – y)3 = (3x + y) [Ax2 + By2 + Cxy]

Formula Used:

a³ + b³ = (a + b) (a² + b² - ab)

Calculation:

We have to find the value of 

(x + 2y)3 + (2x – y)3 

According to the formula used we can write the above expression as 

⇒ [(x + 2y) + (2x – y)] [(x + 2y)² + (2x – y)² – (x + 2y)(2x – y)]

⇒ (3x + y) [x² + 4y² + 4xy + 4x² + y² – 4xy – 2x² + xy – 4xy + 2y²]

⇒ (3x + y) [3x2 + 7y2 – 3xy]

On comparing the above expression with (3x + y) [Ax2 + By2 + Cxy]

We get A = 3, B = 7 and C = -3

Now, We have to find the value of 

(3A – B – C) ∶ (A + B + C)

⇒ [3 × 3 - 7 - (-3)] : [3 + 7 + (-3)]

⇒ (9 - 7 + 3) : (10 - 3)

⇒ 5 : 7 

∴ The required ratio is 5 : 7.

Shortcut Trick

Time = 15 months = 3 cycles of 5 months each.

Rate for 5 months = (12% ÷ 12) × 5 = 5% per cycle.

CI for 3 cycles at 5% = 15.7625% of P.

SI for 15 months at 12% p.a. = 12% × (15/12) = 15% of P.

Difference = 0.7625% of P = (7625 ÷ 1000000)P = (61 ÷ 8000)P.

∴ The correct answer is (61/8000)P.

Alternate Method

Given:

Principal = P

Time = 1 1/4 years = 15 months

Rate = 12% per annum

Calculations:

⇒ Simple Interest (SI) = (P × R × T) ÷ 100

⇒ SI = (P × 12 × 1.25) ÷ 100 = 15P ÷ 100 = 0.15P

⇒ Compound Interest (CI): Compounded 5-monthly

⇒ Number of periods (n) = 15 ÷ 5 = 3

⇒ Rate per period (r) = (12% ÷ 12) × 5 = 5% = 0.05

⇒ CI = P[(1 + r)ⁿ − 1]

⇒ CI = P[(1 + 0.05)³ − 1] = P[1.157625 − 1] = 0.157625P

⇒ Difference = CI − SI = 0.157625P − 0.15P = 0.007625P

⇒ Difference = (7625 ÷ 1000000)P = (61 ÷ 8000)P

∴ The correct answer is (61/8000)P.

Additional Information

Effective Rate for CI

For 3 periods at rate r%, the effective CI rate is 3r + 3r²/100 + r³/10000 %.

CI vs SI Difference (3 years)

The difference for 3 years is given by P(r/100)² × (3 + r/100).

Periodic Compounding

If interest is compounded every 'k' months, the new rate is (R/12) × k and the number of periods is (Total months / k).

Given:

Marked Price of Article = Rs. 180000

Discount = 10% on online payment 

Additional Discount = 5% on credit card payment

Formula Used:

Selling Price = M.P (100 - D%)/100

Wehre, D = Discount, M.P = Marked Price

Calculation:

We have M.P = Rs. 180000

First Discount = 10%

S.P = 180000 [100 - 10]/100

⇒ S.P = 162000

Additional Discount = 5% for credit card payment 

Final S.P = 162000 × [100 - 5]/100

⇒ Final S.P = 153900

∴ The amont paid by person to the shopkeeper is Rs. 153900.

Given:

Vessel has 45 litres of solution 

Solution contains 60% alcohol

Resulting solution have 35% alcohol

Calculation:

Let the amount of solution withdraw be x litres

According to the question 

Amount of alcohol = 60% of 45 

⇒ Amount of alcohol = 27 litres

So, The amount of water = 45 - 27 

⇒ Amount of water = 18 litres

Now, According to the question 

After withdrawing x litres 

Amount of alcohol in the solution = 27 - 60% of x

⇒ Amount of alcohol in the solution = 27 - 3x/5

And the total amount of solution is unchanged

So, 45 × 35% = (27 - 3x/5)

⇒ 45 × 35/100 = 27 - 3x/5

⇒ 63/4 =  27 - 3x/5

⇒ 3x/5 = 45/4

⇒ x = 18.75

∴ The amount of water withdrawn is 18.75 litres.

Given:

The bisectors of ∠C and ∠D meet at E

∠CED = 56° and ∠A = 63°

Calculation:

According to the question 

∠BCE = ∠DCE = ∠C/2    ----(i)

and ∠ADE = ∠CDE = ∠D/2    ----(ii)

Now, In ΔCDE

∠CED + ∠DCE + ∠CDE = 180°

⇒ 56° + ∠C/2 + ∠D/2 = 180° 

⇒ ∠C/2 + ∠D/2 = 124°

⇒ ∠C + ∠D = 248°    ----(iii)

And we knwo that 

Sum of angle of quadrilateral is 360° 

⇒ ∠A + ∠B + ∠C + ∠D = 360°

⇒ 63° + ∠B + 248° = 360° 

⇒ ∠B =  360° - 311° 

⇒ ∠B = 49°

∴ The measure of ∠B is 49°.

Given :

Ratio of income of A and B last year = 4 : 3

A's income last year and present year = 3 : 4

B's income last year and present year = 5 : 6

Total income for present year = ₹ 16.08 lakhs

Calculations :

According to the question,

Ratio of income of A and B last year = 4 : 3

To equate last year income of A and B multiplying the ratio by 5 and 3

Now we have to bring the ratio of incomes of A and B last year in the ratio 4 : 3

 

∴ The income of A (in ₹ lakhs) for the present year is 9.6.

Alternate MethodGiven :

Ratio of income of A and B last year = 4 : 3

A's income last year and present year = 3 : 4

B's income last year and present year = 5 : 6

Total income for present year = ₹ 16.08 lakhs

Calculations :

Ratio of income of A and B last year = 4 : 3       ----- (1)

Ratio of A's income last year to the present year = 3 : 4        ----- (2)

Ratio of B's income last year to the present year = 5 : 6        ----- (3) 

Multiply 15 in equation (1) and 20 in equation (2) and 9 in equation (3) to equate last year income of A and B

Ratio of income of A and B last year = 60 : 45      ----- (4)

Ratio of A's income last year to the present year = 60 : 80        ----- (5)

Ratio of B's income last year to the present year = 45 : 54        ----- (6)

Using equation (5) and (6)

The ratio of A's present income to B's present income = 80 : 54

So, as given in the question

Total income for present year = ₹ 16.08 lakhs

⇒ 80x + 54x = 16.08

⇒ 134x = 16.08

⇒ x = 16.08/134

⇒ x = 0.12

Present income of A = 80x

Put the value of x, we get

⇒ A's income = 80 × 0.12

⇒ 9.6

∴ The income of A (in ₹ lakhs) for the present year is 9.6.

Shortcut Trick

For a system of linear equations to have infinite solutions, the ratios of their coefficients must be equal: a₁/a₂ = b₁/b₂ = c₁/c₂.

Comparing the first and third ratios: 2 / (p + q) = 7 / 21

Simplifying the constant ratio: 7 / 21 = 1 / 3

⇒ 2 / (p + q) = 1 / 3

⇒ p + q = 2 × 3 = 6

∴ The correct answer is 6.

Alternate Method

Given Equations:

1. 2x + 3y = 7

2. (p + q)x + (2p − q)y = 21

Condition for Infinite Solutions:

For equations a₁x + b₁y = c₁ and a₂x + b₂y = c₂: a₁/a₂ = b₁/b₂ = c₁/c₂

Calculations:

⇒ a₁/a₂ = 2 / (p + q)

⇒ b₁/b₂ = 3 / (2p − q)

⇒ c₁/c₂ = 7 / 21 = 1 / 3

Equating the first and last parts:

⇒ 2 / (p + q) = 1 / 3

⇒ p + q = 6

Equating the second and last parts to verify:

⇒ 3 / (2p − q) = 1 / 3 ⇒ 2p − q = 9

⇒ Solving p + q = 6 and 2p − q = 9 gives p = 5 and q = 1.

⇒ Sum = p + q = 5 + 1 = 6.

∴ The correct answer is 6.

Additional Information

Unique Solution Condition

A system has a unique solution (intersecting lines) if a₁/a₂ ≠ b₁/b₂.

No Solution Condition

A system has no solution (parallel lines) if a₁/a₂ = b₁/b₂ ≠ c₁/c₂.

Consistency of Equations

A system is consistent if it has at least one solution (unique or infinite) and inconsistent if it has no solution.

Given :

Average weight of 16 boys = 61.25 kg

Average weight of 10 boys = 45.75 kg

Total boys in a class = 26

Calculations : 

Total weight of 16 boys = average weight × number of boys

⇒ 61.25 × 16 = 980 kg

Total weight of 10 boys = average weight × number of boys

⇒ 45.75 × 10 = 457.5 kg

Total weight of all the boys = 980 + 457.5

⇒ 1437.5 kg

Average weight of all the 26 boys in the class = total weight/ total boys

⇒ 1437.5/26

⇒ 55.29 kg

∴ The average weight (in kg) of all the boys in the class is 55.29.

Given :

A least number when divided by 6, 15, 36 and 75 leaves remainder 3

It is also divisible by 11.

Concept used :

LCM of numbers

Calculations :

LCM of 6, 15, 36 and 75 = 900

The least number completely divisible by 6, 15, 36 and 75 and leaves remainder 3

⇒ 900x + 3

x is a natural number 

Put the value of x = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6. 

The number we get is not divisible by 11

Put x = 7, we get

⇒ 900 × 7 + 3

⇒ 6300 + 3

⇒ 6303

⇒ 6303/11 = 573

∴ The least number completely divisible by 6, 15, 36 and 75 and leaves remainder 3 is 6303.

Given :

X and Y initial capital = 3 : 5

X capital after 5 months = 150% of initial investment of X

Y capital after 5 months = 40% of initial investment of Y

Annual profit = ₹10.26 lakhs

Formula used :

(X's profit) : (Y's profit) = (X's investment × time period) × (Y's investment × time period)      ----- (1)

Calculations :

Let X's and Y's initial investment be 30 and 50 same as the given ratio

X's capital for the last 7 months = (150/100) × 30 = 45

Y's capital for the last 7 months = (40/100) × 50 = 20

Using equation (i)

⇒ X's profit : Y's profit = (30 × 5 + 45 × 7) : (50 × 5 + 20 × 7)

⇒ X's profit : Y's profit = (465) : (390)

⇒ 31 : 26

Total profit = 31 + 26 units

⇒ 57 units

⇒ (X's profit)/(Total profit) = 31/57

⇒ X's profit = (31/57) × 10.26 lakhs

⇒ 0.54 × 10.26 lakhs

⇒ 5.58 lakhs

∴ The share (in ₹ lakhs) of X is 5.58.

Given:

$\frac{{5.169 \times 5.169 \times 5.169 - 64 \times {{\left( {0.888} \right)}^3}}}{{{{\left( {5.169} \right)}^2} + {{\left( {3.552} \right)}^2} + 4\left( {0.888} \right)\left( {5.169} \right)}} = 1 + k$

Formula used:

(a³ - b³) = (a - b)(a² + ab + b²)       ---- (1)

Calculations:

⇒ $\frac{{5.169 \times 5.169 \times 5.169 - 64 \times {{\left( {0.888} \right)}^3}}}{{{{\left( {5.169} \right)}^2} + {{\left( {3.552} \right)}^2} + 4\left( {0.888} \right)\left( {5.169} \right)}} = 1 + k$

⇒ $\frac{{5.169^3 - (4 \times {{\left( {0.888}) \right)}^3}}}{{{{\left( {5.169} \right)}^2} + {{\left( {3.552} \right)}^2} + 4\left( {0.888} \right)\left( {5.169} \right)}} = 1 + k$

Using equation (1), we get

⇒ $\frac{(5.169 - 3.552)((5.169)^2 + (3.552)(5.169) +(3.552)^2)}{(5.169)^2 + (3.552)(5.169) +(3.552)^2)} = 1 + k$

⇒ 5.169 - 3.552 = 1 + k

⇒ 1.617 = 1 + k

⇒ k = 0.617

∴ The value of k is 0.617.

Given :

Height of the lighthouse = 120√3 m

Calculations :

Since Angle of depression = Angle of inclination

So, ∠MAC = 30° = ∠ACB

And, ∠MAD = 60° = ∠ADB

Using tangent function in ΔABD,

⇒ tan 60° = AB/BD

⇒ √3 = 120√3/BD

⇒ BD = 120

Using tangent function in ΔABC,

⇒ tan 30° = AB/BC

⇒ 1/√3 = 120√3/BC

⇒ BC = 360

DC is the distance travelled by the ship during period of observation

⇒ DC = BC - BD

⇒ DC = 360 - 120

⇒ DC = 240m

∴ Distance (in m) travelled by the ship during period of observation is 240.

Calculations:

⇒ $7.25 + ;\frac{{7.5}}{{1 - \frac{1}{{3 - \frac{1}{{4/5}}}}}}$

⇒ $7.25 + ;\frac{{7.5}}{{1 - \frac{1}{{3 - \frac{5}{{4}}}}}}$

⇒ $7.25 + ;\frac{{7.5}}{{1 - \frac{1}{{7/4}}}}$

⇒ $7.25 + ;\frac{{7.5}}{{1 - \frac{4}{{7}}}}$

⇒ $7.25 + ;\frac{{7.5}}{{3/7}}$

⇒ 7.25 + 2.5 × 7

⇒ 7.25 + 17.5

⇒ 24.75

∴ The value of $7.25 + ;\frac{{7.5}}{{1 - \frac{1}{{3 - \frac{1}{{4/5}}}}}}$ is 24.75

Calculations :

Total sales of branch A4 for both years = 32 + 63

⇒ 95

Total sales of A1, A2 and A3 for both years

⇒ (65 + 83) + (42 + 56) + (38 + 52)

⇒ 148 + 98 + 90

⇒ 336

Percentage of A4 sales to total sales of A1, A2 and A3

⇒ (95/336) × 100

⇒ 9500/336

⇒ 28.27 ≃ 28

∴ The percentage of A4 sales to total sales of A1, A2 and A3 (in thousand numbers) for both years is 28.

Given:

Principal = ₹50,000

Rate of interest on the first part = $6\frac{2}{3}$ % p.a

Time period for the first part = $4\frac{1}{5}$ years 

Rate of interest on the second part = 4% p.a

Time period for the second part = $2\frac{3}{4}$ years 

Formula used:

Simple interest = (principal × rate × time)/100

Amount = Principal + Simple interest 

Calculations:

Let Rs. 50,000 be divided into two parts x and y

According to the question,

⇒ $(x × \frac{21}{5} × \frac{20 }{3})/100 = 2 × (y × \frac{11}{4} × 4)/100$

⇒ x/y = 11/14

Let the ratio of x and y be 11a and 14a

Principal = Rs. 50,000

⇒ 11a + 14a = 50000

⇒ 25a = 50000

⇒ a = 2000

The difference between first part and second part

⇒ 14a - 11a

⇒ 3a

Substituting the value of a, we get

⇒ 3 × 2000

⇒ ₹ 6000

∴ The difference (in ₹) between the two parts Rs. 6000.

Given :

A leak at the bottom empty tank in 9 hours

An inlet fills the tank at 5 litres per minute

When tank is full, the leakage empty it in 12 hours.

Calculations :

Work done by inlet pipe in one hour 

⇒ (1/9) - (1/12)

⇒ (4 - 3)/36

⇒ 1/36

Work done by inlet pipe in one minute

⇒ $\frac{1}{36} × \frac{1}{60}$

The capacity of the tank = 36 × 60 × 5

⇒ 10800 litres

∴ The capacity of the tank (in litres) is 10800.

Given:

A takes 2 hours more than B to cover a distance of 40 km

A doubles his speed and takes $1\frac{1}{2}$ hours more than B to cover 80 km

Formula used: 

Distance  = Speed × time      -----(1)

Calculations:

Let the speed of B be x

⇒ Time taken to cover 40 km = 40/x

⇒ A takes 2 hour more = 40/x + 2

So, Speed of A = (40)/(40/x + 2) 

⇒ Speed of A = (20x)/(20 + x)       ----(2)

Now the distance is 80 km

So, Time taken by B = 80/x        -----(3)

⇒ Speed of A when he doubles his speed = (40x)/(20 + x)

So, Time taken by A to cover 80km = 80/[(40x)/(20 + x)]

⇒ Time taken by A to cover 80km = (40 + 2x)/x       -----(4)

Using equation (3) and (4)

⇒ (80/x) + (3/2) = (40 + 2x)/x

⇒ (80/x) + (3/2) = (40/x) + (2)

⇒ (80/x) - (40/x) = (2) - (3/2)

⇒ (40/x) = 1/2

⇒ x = 80

Speed of B = 80 kmph

Using equation (1)

Time taken to cover a distance of 120km = 120/80

⇒ 3/2 hour = 90 minutes

∴ Time (in minutes) will B take travelling at his same speed is 90.

Shortcut Trick 

Now, 

⇒ (6x + 5y)/(8x + 9y) = 27/43

⇒ 258x + 215y = 216x + 243y

⇒ 258x - 216x = 243y - 215y

⇒ 42x = 28y

⇒ x : y = 2 : 3

∴ A and B alloys are taken in the ratio of 2 : 3.

 

Alternate Method 

Given:

Ratio of copper and zinc in alloy A = 3 : 4

Ratio of copper and zinc in alloy B = 5 : 9

Alloy C has copper and zinc in 27 : 43

Calculations:

Let copper and zinc in alloy A be 3x/7 and 4x/7

Let copper and zinc in alloy B be 5y/14 and 9y/14

Now according to the question,

⇒ $\frac{\frac{3x}{7}+\frac{5y}{14}}{\frac{4x}{7} + \frac{9y}{14}} =\frac{27}{43}$

⇒ $\frac{\frac{6x + 5y}{14}}{\frac{8x + 9y}{14}} =\frac{27}{43}$

⇒ (6x + 5y)/(8x + 9y) = 27/43

⇒ 43(6x + 5y) = 27(8x + 9y)

⇒ 258x + 215y = 216x + 243y

⇒ 258x - 216x = 243y - 215y

⇒ 42x = 28y

⇒ x : y = 2 : 3

∴ A and B alloys are taken in the ratio of 2 : 3.

Calculation:

Number of employees in office A = (79.2/360) × 3400

⇒ 748

Number of males in office A = 748 × (5/11)

⇒ 340

Number of females in office A = 748 × (6/11) 

⇒ 408

Now, Number of employees in office E = 612

Number of males in office E = 612 ÷ 2 = 306

Number of females in office E = 612 ÷ 2 = 306

Now, According to the question

The value of a = Male emp. of A/ Female emp. of E

⇒ a = 340/306 

And, The value of B = Male emp. of E/ Female emp. of A

⇒ b = 306/408

Now, We have to find a : b

So, a : b = 340/306 :  306/408

⇒ a : b = 340/306 × 408/306

⇒ a : b = 40 ∶ 27

∴ The required ratio is 40 ∶ 27.

Given :

Base of the prism is trapezium

parallel sides of trapezium are 11 cm and 15 cm

Height of the trapezium = 9 cm

Volume of the prism = 1614.6 cm³

Formula used :

Area of trapezium = (1/2) × (sum of parallel sides) × height        ------ (1)

Volume of prism = Area of the base × height         ----- (2)

Calculations :

Using equation (1), we get

Area of trapezium = (1/2) × (11 + 15) × 9

⇒ (1/2) × 26 × 9

⇒ 13 × 9 

⇒ 117 cm²

Using equation (2)

Let h be the height of the prism

⇒ Volume of prism with base as trapezium =  Base area of trapezium × height

⇒ 1614.6 = 117 × h

⇒ h = 1614.6/117

⇒ h = 13.8 cm

∴ The height (in cm) of the prism is 13.8 cm.

Given :

4 men and 5 women can complete a work in 15 days

9 men and 6 women can complete it in 10 days

Calculations :

Using the concept

Total work = Efficiency × Time

⇒ (4m + 5w) × 15 = (9m + 6w) × 10

⇒ 60m + 75w = 90m + 60w

⇒ 30m = 15w

⇒ m : w = 1 : 2

Total work = (4m + 5w) × 15

⇒ [4 + 5(2)] × 15

⇒ (4 + 10) × 15

⇒ 14 × 15

⇒ 210

Let y be the men assist 13 women in 7 days

So, (y + 13 × 2) × 7 = 210

⇒ (y + 26) = 30

⇒ y = 4

∴ The number of men should assist 13 women is 4.

Shortcut Trick

Total Area = (Revolutions per minute × Minutes) × (π × diameter × length)

⇒ Area = (15 × 60) × (22/7 × 1 × 1.25)

⇒ Area = 900 × (27.5 / 7)

⇒ Area = 24750 / 7 ≈ 3535.71

⇒ Rounding to the nearest integer, we get 3536.

∴ The correct answer is 3536 m².

Alternate Method

Given:

Diameter of the roller (d) = 1 m

Length of the roller (h) = 1(1/4) m = 1.25 m

Speed of rolling = 15 revolutions/minute

Time = 1 hour = 60 minutes

Formula Used:

Curved Surface Area (CSA) of a cylinder = π × d × h

Total Area = Total Revolutions × CSA

Calculation:

⇒ Total revolutions in 60 minutes = 15 × 60 = 900

⇒ Area covered in 1 revolution = π × 1 × 1.25

⇒ Area covered in 1 revolution = (22/7) × 1.25 = 27.5 / 7 m²

⇒ Total area rolled in 1 hour = 900 × (27.5 / 7)

⇒ Total area = 24750 / 7 m²

⇒ Total area ≈ 3535.71 m²

⇒ Rounding to the nearest integer, we get 3536 m².

∴ The correct answer is 3536 m².

Additional Information

Curved Surface Area of a Cylinder

The lateral or curved surface area is the area of the sides of the cylinder excluding the circular top and bottom. Formula: CSA = 2πrh or πdh.

Total Surface Area of a Cylinder

It includes the curved surface area plus the area of the two circular bases. Formula: TSA = 2πr(h + r).

Concept of Rolling Distance

When a cylindrical roller completes exactly one full revolution, it covers an area on the ground exactly equal to its curved surface area.

Given :

AB - BC = 4 cm       ----- (1)

AB - AC = 2 cm       ----- (2)

Perimeter of ΔABC = AB + BC + AC = 36 cm      ----- (3)

Calculations :

Adding the given equation (1), (2) and (3)

⇒ 3AB = 36 + 4 + 2

⇒ 3AB = 42

⇒ AB = 14 cm

⇒ AB = AP + PB

AP = AR (equal tangents)

⇒ AB = AR + PB

⇒ 14 = AR + PB

∴ The value of PB + AR (in cm) is 14.

Given :

A boat can go 5 km upstream and 4 km downstream in 36 minutes

Same boat goes 10 km downstream and 8 km upstream in 63 minutes

Concept used :

Speed = Distance/Time

Upstream speed = (speed of boat in still water) - (speed of flow of stream)       ---- (1)

Downstream speed = (speed of boat in still water) + (speed of flow of stream)       ----- (2)

Calculations :

Let the speed of boat in still water be x

Speed of flow of stream be y

Let the downstream and upstream speed be v and u

⇒ 5/u + 4/v = 36/60       ---- (3)

⇒ 8/u + 10/v = 63/60        ----- (4)

Multiply equation (2) with 8 and equation (3) with 5

⇒ 40/u + 32/v = 48/10        ----- (5)

⇒ 40/u + 50/v = 105/20        ----- (6)

Subtract equation (3) from equation (4), we get

⇒ 50/v - 32/v = 105/20 - 48/10

⇒ 18/v = 9/20

⇒ v = 40

Putting value of v in equation (3)

⇒ 5/u + 1/10 = 6/10

⇒ 5/u = 6/10 - 1/10

⇒ 5/u = 5/10

⇒ u = 10

Using equation (1) and (2), we get

⇒ x + y = 40

⇒ x - y = 10

⇒ x = 25 and y = 15

Speed of water in still water : speed of stream = 25 : 15 

⇒ 5 : 3

∴ The ratio of the speed of the boat in still water to the speed of the current is 5 : 3

Given :

Total percentage marks required to pass an exam is 36%

84% required to get first distinction.

Student scored 398 marks and failed by 16 marks.

Calculations :

Passing marks required for the examination = (398 + 16)

⇒ 36% of total marks = 414

⇒ (36/100) × Total marks = 414

⇒ Total marks = 11.5 × 100

⇒ 1150

84% of total marks required to get first class with distinction

⇒ 84% of 1150

⇒ (84/100) × 1150

⇒ 42 × 23

⇒ 966

∴ The marks should the student secure to get a First Class with distinction is 966.

The correct answer is Only RBCs transport carbon dioxide between tissues and lungs.

Concept:

Human circulatory system: 

• It is also called the blood vascular system.
• It consists of a muscular chambered heart, a network of closed branching blood vessels, and blood, the fluid which is circulated.

Explanation:

• Only RBCs transport carbon dioxide between tissues and lungs: False
• Reason: 20-25% of CO2 is transported by RBC, 70% as bicarbonate, and the rest 7% in the dissolved state by blood plasma.
• The pressure of blood in the circulatory system increases and decreases several times every minute: True
• The heart is a muscular organ with striations in the muscle fibres: True
• Reason: The heart is a muscular organ made up of cardiac muscles which have a striated appearance i.e., alternate light and dark bands.
• Plasma transports nitrogenous wastes from the body to the kidneys: True

The correct answer is (i), (ii) and (iii) all are correct

Concept:

Magnetic field:

• The area around a magnet where a magnetic force is experienced is called the magnetic field.
• It is a quantity that has both direction and magnitude, (i.e., Vector quantity).

Explanation:

• A magnetic field has both magnitude and direction: Correct 
• Reason: It is a vector quantity.
• The direction of magnetic field lines inside a bar magnet is from its south pole to its north pole. Correct
• Magnetic field lines are closed curves. Correct 
• Outside the magnet, the direction of the magnetic field line is taken from the North pole to the South Pole.
• Inside the magnet, the direction of the magnetic field line is taken from the South pole to the North pole.
• Therefore, magnetic field lines are closed curves.

​

The correct answer is Sodium chloride.

Concept:

Acid:

• It is sour in taste.
• It turns the blue litmus color into red.
• It has a pH value of less than 7.
• It is represented by a value less than 7 on the pH scale.

Base:

• It is bitter in taste and slippery to touch.
• It turns red litmus color into the blue.
• It is represented by a value greater than 7 on the pH scale.

Explanation:

pH scale:

• A scale developed to measure the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution is known as the pH scale where p in pH implies ‘potenz’ in German.
• pH scale ranges from 0 (highly acidic) to 14 (highly alkaline).
• The pH of a neutral solution is 7.

pH values of the aqueous solution of given compounds:

The aqueous solution of Sodium chloride has pH 7.

The correct answer is 355g.

Concept:

Chemical reaction: 

Molecular mass:

• The molecular mass of a substance is defined as the sum of the atomic masses of all the atoms present in a molecule of a substance.
• Therefore, the relative mass of a molecule is expressed as atomic mass units (amu). It can be expressed in grams as well.

Explanation

Molecular mass of H₂ = 2 × 1 = 2g 

Molecular mass of Cl₂ = 2 × 35.5 = 71g

The balanced chemical equation for the reaction between hydrogen and chlorine gas is as follows:

H₂   +    Cl₂     =   2HCl

2g        71g         

2g of H₂ reacts with  Cl2 = 71g

1g of H₂ will react with  Cl2 = 71/2 g 

10g of H2 will react with  Cl2 = 71 × 10 / 2 = 71 × 5 = 355g

So, 355g of chlorine gas must be taken to completely react with 10 g of hydrogen gas to produce hydrogen chloride gas.

The correct answer is they stated that every living being is composed of cells.

Concept:

Cell theory**:**

• All living organisms are composed of cells and products of cells.
• All cells arise from pre-existing cells.

Explanation:

Matthias Schleiden:

• He is a German botanist who in 1838, examined a large number of plants.
• He observed that all plants are composed of different kinds of cells which form the tissues of the plant.

Theodore Schwann:

• He was a British Zoologist who in 1839, studied different types of animal cells.
• On the basis of this, Schwann proposed the hypothesis that the bodies of animals and plants are composed of cells and products of cells.

Schleiden and Schwann together formulated the cell theory and stated that every living being is composed of cells.

Additional Information

Rudolf Virchow:

• In 1855, he first explained that cells divided and new cells are formed from pre-existing cells (Omnis cellula-e cellula).
• He modified the hypothesis of Schleiden and Schwann and added the statement that all cells arise from pre-existing cells.

The correct answer is Oxygen will liquefy first and neon in the end.

Concept:

Fractional distillation:

• It is a process by which components in a chemical mixture are separated into different parts (called fractions) according to their boiling points.
• It is used to purify chemicals and separate mixtures to obtain their components.

Explanation:

Separation of gases by Fractional distillation:

• Each gas has a characteristic boiling point, defined as the temperature at which it transforms from a liquid into a gas.
• If we have a random sample of gases, we can separate them by gradually cooling the sample until each component gas liquifies.
• The gas with a lower boiling point will liquify first and the one with the highest boiling point in the end.

Oxygen will liquefy first and neon in the end.

The correct answer is A - Stigma; B - Style; C - Ovary.

Concept:

Flower:

• A flower can be defined as a specialized structure that bears reproductive organs and takes part in the process of reproduction.
• It is involved in the formation of fruits and seeds.

Structure of flower:

• Each flower is supported by a stalk called a pedicle.
• This stalk leads to a broad basal region of the flower. This part is called the thalamus. Also called the receptacle.
• A typical flower has four main parts—or whorls—known as the sepals, petals, pistils, and stamens.

Explanation:

Pistil (Carpel):

• It is the female reproductive part of a flower.
• It consists of three parts- Stigma, style, and ovary.

Parts of Pistil:

Stigma: The uppermost sticky end of pistil on which pollen grains land.

Style: The long tube between style and ovary through which pollen tube passes on germination. 

Ovary: The swollen base of the ovary which contains ovules.

The correct answer is 3.

Concept:

Resistance:

• It is the opposition offered to the current passing through a conductor.
• It is measured in Ohms (Ω).
• $R = \frac{ρ L}{A} = \frac{ρ L}{π r^2}$

Explanation:

The wire MN is divided into 2 equal halves MP and PN.

So, MP = PN = L 

For Wire MP

Length = L, Resisitivity = ρ , and Radius = r

R1 $= \frac{ρ L}{A} = \frac{ρ L}{π r^2}$

For wire PN

Length = L, Resisitivity = 3 ρ , and Radius = 3 r

R2 = $\frac{ρ L}{A}= \frac{3ρ L}{π (3r)^2}= \frac{3ρ L}{9π r^2}$

Wire MP and PN are in series.

The amount of current remains the same in series connections across the resistors.

Let us assume that current 'I' is passing through the circuit.

Now, V = IR 

V1 = I R1 = I ρ L / π r²

V2 = I R2 = I 3ρ L / 9πr2

 V1/ V2 = $\frac{I\rho L}{\pi r^2}$ / $\frac{I3\rho L}{9\pi r^2}$ = $\frac{I\rho L}{\pi r^2}$ × $\frac{9\pi r^2}{I3\rho L}$ = 3 

V1/V2 = 3.

The correct answer is inverted and enlarged.

Concept:

Convex lens:

• A convex lens is thicker at the center than at the edges.
• It is called a converging lens because the rays of light that pass through it are brought closer together (they converge).
• When parallel rays of light pass through a convex lens the refracted rays converge at one point called the principal focus.
• The distance between the principal focus and the center of the lens is called the focal length.
• A double convex lens has two foci F1 and F2 and two centers of curvature 2F1 and 2F2.

​

Explanation:

When the object is between F1 and 2F1:

An enlarged, real and inverted image is formed beyond the center of curvature, 2F2 when an object is placed between the center of curvature, 2F1, and principal focus, F1 of a convex lens.

Additional Information All six cases of image formation by the convex lens:

The correct answer is Zinc chloride and hydrogen gas.

Concept:

Chemical reaction:

• In a chemical reaction, a new substance is formed which is completely different in properties from the original substance.
• So, in a chemical reaction, a chemical change takes place.
• There is a rearrangement of atoms of the compounds taking part in the chemical reaction.
• The substances which take part in a chemical reaction are called reactants.
• The new substances produced as a result of a chemical reaction are called products.

Explanation:

Chemical reaction between Zn and HCl:

Zinc re­acts with HCl, re­leas­ing small bub­bles of hy­dro­gen and form­ing zinc chlo­ride Zn­Cl₂.

Zn + HCl → Zn­Cl₂ + H₂↑

The correct answer is that It is not a renewable resource.

Concept:

Renewable Resources: 

• These resources are abundant in nature and will not exhaust.
• These resources can be renewed easily or in a short period of time.

Explanation:

Bio-gas: 

• It is a mixture of gases produced by the anaerobic decomposition of organic matter such as agricultural waste, plant residue, municipal waste, food waste, etc.
• It comprises methane, carbon dioxide and a small amount of hydrogen sulfide, and moisture.
• It is produced in biogas plants with the help of methanogens (methane-producing anaerobic bacteria).

Properties of Biogas:

• It is a renewable source of energy.
• It has a high heating capacity.
• It mainly consists of methane that burns without emitting smoke.
• It can be stored in suitable containers.

The correct answer is Food waste.

Concept:

Waste materials: 

• Waste materials are either liquid or solid in form, and their components may be either hazardous or inert in their effects on health and the environment.
• The term waste is typically applied to solid waste, sewage (wastewater), hazardous waste, and electronic waste.

Explanation:

Biodegradable waste: 

• Those substances that can be decomposed by the action of decomposers like bacteria and fungi are called biodegradable wastes.
• For example: organic matter like human excreta, animal waste, dead bodies of plants and animals, leftover food items etc.

​Non-biodegradable waste:

• Those substances that can not be decomposed by the action of decomposers like bacteria and fungi are called non- biodegradable wastes.
• For example: plastic, rubber, glass, artificial clothes like nylon, rayon, electronic waste like batteries, etc.

The correct answer is 1.08 m.

Concept:

• Lens: The transparent curved surface which is used to refract the light and make an image of any object placed in front of it is called a lens.
• The lens whose refracting surface is upside is called a convex lens and the lens whose refracting surface is inside is called a concave lens or diverging lens.
• The convex lens is also called a converging lens.

When two or more lenses are in contact with each other then, the equivalent focal length is given by:

$\frac{1}{F} = \frac{1}{{{f_1}}} + \frac{1}{{{f_2}}}$

Where f1 and f2 are focal lengths of the two lenses

• Power is the ability to bend light and it is equal to the reciprocal of the focal length of the lens/mirror in meters.

Power (P) = 1/f

Where f is the focal length of the lens/mirror.

• The unit of power of a lens is Dioptre when the focal length of the lens is taken in meter (m).
• The focal length of the concave lens is negative and hence its power is also negative.
• The focal length of the convex lens is positive and hence its power is also positive.

Lens formula: $\frac{1}{f}=\frac{1}{v}-\frac{1}{u}$  where f is focal length, v is image distance and u is object distance.

Power of lens: It is the reciprocal of the focal length of the lens.

$P=\frac{1}{f}$ where f is the focal length in meters. 

P = $\frac{100}{f}$ where f is the focal length in centimeters.

Explanation:

For convex lens

Power = $\frac{1}{f}$

f = $\frac{1}{p}$ = $\frac{100}{25}$ = 4 cm

Given: Object distance, u = -12 cm, Focal length, f = 4 cm

 v=?

$\frac{1}{f}=\frac{1}{v}-\frac{1}{u}$

$\frac{1}{4} = \frac{1}{v} - \frac{1}{-12}$

$\frac{1}{4} = \frac{1}{v} + \frac{1}{12}$

$\frac{1}{4} - \frac{1}{12} = \frac{1}{v}$

$\frac{1}{v} = \frac{3-1}{12}$

$\frac{1}{v} = \frac{2}{12}$

v = 6 cm

For concave lens

f = $\frac{1}{p}$ = $\frac{100}{-25}$ = -4 cm

Object distance, u = -18-(-6)= -18 + 6 = -12 cm, focal length, f = -4cm

v = ?

$\frac{1}{f}=\frac{1}{v}-\frac{1}{u}$

$\frac{1}{-4} = \frac{1}{v} - \frac{1}{-12}$

$\frac{1}{-4} = \frac{1}{v} + \frac{1}{12}$

$\frac{1}{-4} - \frac{1}{12} = \frac{1}{v}$

$\frac{1}{v} = \frac{-3-1}{12} = \frac{-4}{12} = \frac{-1}{3}$

v= -3 cm 

Distance between original object and final image = 12 + (18-3) = 12 + 15 = 27 cm

The correct answer is 64%.

Concept:

Resistance (R): 

• Resistance is a measure of the opposition to current flow in an electrical circuit.
• It is measured in ohms, symbolized by the Greek letter omega (Ω).
• $R = \frac{ρ l}{A}$ where ρ is resistivity, l is length, and A is the area of the cross-section of the wire.

 Explanation: 

Suppose original length = L, Area of cross-section = A, radius of wire = r and Resistance = R

Since the wire is the same, the resistivity ρ will be the same.

After the decrease in length, let us take new length = L', radius of wire = r' and new resistance = R'

L' = 60 L/ 100 ( since there is 40% decrease)

The volume of the wire remains the same ( given).

So, Volume of Original Wire = volume of new wire 

π r2 L = π r ' 2 L'

r2L = r' 2 L'

r' 2 = r2 L /  L'

r' 2 = 100 r2 L / 60 L

r' 2 = 100 r2  / 60 

Decrease in resistance = $\frac{R-R'}{R} × 100$

$\frac{\frac{\rho L}{A} -\frac{\rho L'}{A'}}{\frac{\rho L}A} × 100$

The correct answer is Because enzymes cannot break down plastics.

Concept:

Non-biodegradable waste: 

• These substances cannot be decomposed by the decomposers like bacteria and fungi into simpler forms.
• For example, rubber, plastic, electronic waste, etc.

Explanation:

Plastic as a boon:

• It is lightweight and simple to shape.
• It is inexpensive.
• Plastic is strong and tough, and durable.
• It is used to make many daily usable products like buckets, bottles, pencil boxes, pipes, etc.
• It is corrosion and chemical resistant.
• It is water-resistant and has adhesive properties.
• It is a poor conductor of heat and electricity.
• It is waterproof and airtight and is used to store several food items.

Plastic as a curse:

• It is non-biodegradable. There is no enzyme that can break down plastics.
• Plastics are non-renewable resources.
• They are toxic and produce toxic fumes when burnt.
• They are responsible for choking the drains.
• Recycling plastic is hard and very expensive.
• Some animals and birds in search of food consume some amounts of plastic, and many of them end up choking.

The correct answer is statements (iii) and (iv).

Concept:

Conductivity in aqueous solutions:

• It is a measure of the ability of water to conduct an electric current.
• The more ions there are in the solution, the higher its conductivity.

Electrolyte:

• Electrolytes are salts or molecules that ionize completely in solution. As a result, electrolyte solutions readily conduct electricity.
• A strong electrolyte is one where many ions are present in the solution and a weak electrolyte is one where few ions are present.

Non-electrolytes:

• They do not dissociate into ions in solution.
• Therefore, they do not conduct electricity.

Explanation:

The correct answer is 4.0 cm; 2.0 cm.

Concept:

Convex mirror: 

• The mirror in which the rays diverge after falling on it is known as the convex mirror.
• Convex mirrors are also known as diverging mirrors.
• The focal length of a convex mirror is positive according to the sign convention.

Mirror formula = $\frac{1}{f} = \frac{1}{v} + \frac{1}{u}$ 

where v = image distance, u = object distance and f = focal length.

Magnification (m) = height of image / height of object = hi / ho 

Also, m = -v/ u 

So, m = $\frac{hi}{ho} = \frac{-v}{u}$

Cartesian Sign Convention for Spherical Mirror:

• All signs are taken from the Pole of the spherical mirror, which is often called the origin or origin point.
• The sign is taken as – (negative) on the left side of the pole.
• So, the object distance is always taken as – (negative) in the case of both types of spherical mirrors, i.e. concave and convex mirrors.
• The sign is taken as + (positive) on the right side of the pole.
• The height is taken as + (positive) above the principal axis and taken as – (negative) below the principal axis.

​Explanation:

Given: Object distance, u = -6 cm, focal length, f = 12 cm, height of object, ho = 3 cm

$\frac{1}{f} = \frac{1}{v} + \frac{1}{u}$ = $\frac{1}{v} + \frac{1}{-6}$

$\frac{1}{12} = \frac{1}{v} - \frac{1}{6}$

$\frac{1}{v} = \frac{1}{12} + \frac{1}{6}$

$\frac{1}{v} = \frac{1+2}{12}$

$\frac{1}{v} = \frac{3}{12}$

$\frac{1}{v} = \frac{1}{4}$

v = 4 cm

m = $\frac{hi}{ho} = \frac{-v}{u}$

$\frac{hi}{3} = \frac{-4}{-6} = \frac{2}{3}$

$hi = \frac{2}{3} × 3= 2$ cm

The image is formed at v = 4.0 cm and its height hI = 2.0 cm.

The correct answer is distillation.

Concept:

Mixture:

• A mixture is a substance that consists of two or more elements or compounds not chemically combined together.
• For example, a mixture of salt and sand.

Separation of mixtures:

• The constituents of mixtures have different physical properties such as density, size of particles, solubility, etc.
• These differences are used to separate the constituents of the mixtures.

Explanation:

Distillation:

• It is used to separate two or more miscible liquids that have a large difference between their boiling points.

So, for separating acetone and water, distillation can be used.

Additional Information

Separating funnel: It is used to separate a mixture of two immiscible liquids, like oil and water using a separating funnel.

Chromatography:  This method is used to separate two or more dissolved solids which are present in a solution in very small quantities.

Fractional distillation: It is used to separate two or more miscible liquids that have small differences between their boiling points.

The correct answer is Magnesium.

Concept:

Electrical conductivity: It is the measure of the ability of a substance to carry an electric current.

Chemical reaction:

• In a chemical reaction, a new substance is formed which is completely different in properties from the original substance.
• So, in a chemical reaction, a chemical change takes place.
• There is a rearrangement of atoms of the compounds taking part in the chemical reaction.
• The substances which take part in a chemical reaction are called reactants.
• The new substances produced as a result of a chemical reaction are called products.

Explanation:

​Electrolyte:

• Chemical compounds whose molecules ionize (separate) into positively and negatively charged ions in a solution are called electrolytes.
• So, they can conduct electricity when dissolved in water ( aqueous solution) or in a molten state.

Non- electrolyte:

• Chemical compounds that do not ionize when dissolved are non-electrolytes.
• They are unable to conduct electricity.

The reaction of chlorine gas with Magnesium:

Mg + Cl₂ → MgCl₂

MgCl2 is an electrolyte, so it will dissociate into Mg²⁺ and Cl^- ions when dissolved in water and will conduct electricity. ​

The correct answer is Electrolysis of molten sodium chloride; at cathode.

Concept:

Electrolysis:

• Electrolysis is the passage of a direct electric current through an ionic substance that is either molten or dissolved in a suitable solvent.
• This results in chemical reactions at the electrodes and the separation of materials.
• During electrolysis, positively charged ions move toward the cathode and negatively charged ions move towards the anode.

Explanation:

Electrolysis of Molten NaCl:

• When sodium chloride is melted (above 801 °C), and an electric current is passed through the molten salt, then chemical reactions take place at the electrodes.
• At cathode: Na+ + e- = Na
• At anode: Cl- = $\frac{1}{2}$Cl2 + e-
• 

Sodium metal can be obtained by electrolysis of molten sodium chloride; at the cathode.

Additional Information

Electrolysis of aqueous NaCl:

• When an electric current is passed through concentrated sodium chloride solution, hydrogen gas forms at the negative electrode, chlorine gas forms at the positive electrode, and a solution of sodium hydroxide also form.
• At cathode: 2H+(aq) + 2e- → H2(g)
• At anode: 2Cl-(aq) → Cl2(g) + 2e-
• Sodium ions Na+(aq) (from the dissolved sodium chloride) and hydroxide ions OH–(aq) (from the water) stay behind - they form sodium hydroxide solution, NaOH(aq).

The correct answer is Division - Class - Order - Family - Genus.

Concept:

Classification of organisms: 

• Biologists, such as Ernst Haeckel (1894), Robert Whittaker (1969), and Carl Woese (1977) have tried to classify all living organisms into broad categories, called kingdoms.
• The classification Whittaker proposed has five kingdoms: Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia, and is widely used.
• These groups are formed on the basis of their cell structure, mode, source of nutrition, and body organization.
• Further classification is done by naming the sub-groups at various levels and forming a hierarchy.

Explanation:

Biological hierarchy:

• It refers to the systemic organization of organisms into different levels.
• It was given by Carolus Linnaeus.
• It organizes living things in descending levels of complexity: kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species.
• Hierarchies are important to inform evolutionary biologists on the way living systems are organized throughout history and theorize how extinct animals function based on their positions on the hierarchy.

The correct answer is 0.81; away from.

Concept:

• Refraction of Light: The bending of the ray of light passing from one medium to the other medium is called refraction.

Refractive Index (n):

• \(n=\frac{sini}{sinr}\), where 'i' =  angle of incidence and 'r' = angle of refraction.
• Also $n=\frac cv$, where c = speed of light in vacuum, and v = speed of light in a medium.

Explanation:​

Relative refractive index:

• It refers to the refractive index of one material medium with respect to another one.
• $n_{21}= \frac{n_{2}}{n_{1}}$

Refractive index of water with respect to dense flint glass:

• n = refractive index of water / refractive index of dense flint glass = $\frac{1.33}{1.65}$ = 0.81
• Greater the refractive index, the denser the medium. Thus, dense flint glass (1.65) is denser than water (1.33).

The refractive index of water with respect to dense flint glass is 0.81 and the light ray bends away from the normal in water.

The correct answer is three.

Concept:

Reflex action: 

• It is an extremely quick, automatic, sudden action in response to a stimulus.
• For example-
• Immediately pulling back of fingers after touching a hot plate.
• Closing of eyes when flashed with a high-intensity light.
• Salivation when hungry.

Explanation:

Reflex arc:

• It is the pathway of nerves involved in a reflex action.
• Reflex arc involves-
• Receptors- The sense organ that receives the message from the external environment.
• Sensory neuron- The neuron that carries the message from the receptor to the central nervous system.
• Relay neurons- They are found in the brain and spinal cord and link sensory and motor neurons.
• Motor neuron- The neuron that carries the message from the central nervous system to the effector.
• Effector- The organ/body part that responds against the stimulus.

So, there are three neurons involved in the reflex arc namely, sensory, relay, and motor neuron.

The correct answer is that the results depend on whether factors A and B lie on the same chromosome.

Concept:

Linkage: 

• When two genes are present on the same chromosome, the proportion of parental gene combinations is much higher than the non-parental type.
• This physical association of two genes is termed as linkage.

Explanation:

Inheritance of two genes: 

• Mendel studied the inheritance of two genes in a dihybrid cross between round yellow and wrinkled green seeds.
• Parental combinations: Round yellow, RRYY and wrinkled green, rryy.
• Non- parental combinations: Round green and wrinkled yellow
• In the first generation, all seeds were round yellow.
• In the second generation, the progenies were in the ratio 9 round yellow :3 round green :3 wrinkled yellow:1 wrinkled green.
• This dihybrid cross demonstrates the law of independent assortment i.e., the alleles of two (or more) different genes get sorted into gametes independently of one another.

Chromosomal theory of inheritance:

• This theory was supported by Thomas Hunt Morgan.
• He experimented on fruit flies (Drosophila melanogaster).
• He made a cross between yellow-bodied white-eyed females and brown-bodied red-eyed males.
• He observed that the two genes did not separate independently of each other and the ratio deviated from 9:3:3:1 significantly.
• Morgan observed that the two genes were present on the same chromosome and are thus linked.

Thus, In the cross of AABB × aabb, it will be seen that the results depend on whether the factors A and B lie on the same chromosome.

The correct answer is 16.

Concept:

Resistance in series:

• When resistors are connected end-to-end in a circuit, they are said to be in "series."
• R = R1 + R2 + R3....
• Current remains the same across all the resistors connected in series.

Resistance in parallel: 

• When both ends of resistors are connected, they are said to be in parallel.
• 1/R = 1/R1 + 1/R2 = 1/R3 ....1/Rn
• The potential difference across all the resistors connected in parallel remains the same.

Electric Power:

• The energy consumed per unit of time or the rate of doing work is called power.
• Power = work done / time taken = Vq / t = VI = V2/R = I2R

Explanation:

Resistors A (r) and B (3r)  are in parallel. 

Equivalent resistance, 1/ R1 = 1/r + 1/3r = 1/R1 = (3+1) / 3r = 4/ 3r

R1 = 3r/ 4 Ω 

Now, resistors R1, C (r), and D (3r)  are in series connection.

So, their equivalent resistance, R2 = R1 + C + D = 3r/ 4 + r + 3r = 19r/4 Ω 

Current I = V/R = $\frac{E}{\frac{19r}{4}}$ = 4E/19r 

Potential difference across resistor B, VB =  I R1  = $\frac{4E}{19r} × \frac{3r}{4}$ = 3E / 19

Energy dissipated by resistor B, PB = V²/ R = VB² / B = $\frac{\frac{3E × 3E}{19r × 19r}}{3r}$ = $\frac{9 E^2}{361 × 3r}$ = $\frac{3 E^2}{361 × r}$

Energy dissipated by resistor D, PD = I² R = I2 D = $(\frac{4E}{19r})^2 × 3r$  = $\frac{16 E^2}{361r^2} × 3r$ = $\frac{16 E^2}{361r} × 3$

The ratio PD/ PB = $\frac{16 E^2}{361r} × 3$  / $\frac{3 E^2}{361 × r}$ = $\frac{3 × 16 × E^2 × 361r}{361r × 3 E^2}$ = 16

The correct answer is Sex ratio.

Key Points

• In 1990, Human Development Report introduced a new approach for advancing human wellbeing.
• The Human Capital Report estimates the Life expectancy, Education, and Per capita income of a country.
• It is an annual Human Development Index report published by the Human Development Report Office of the United Nations Development Programme.
• The Human Development Index is a static composite index of life expectancy, education and per capita income which are used to rank countries into four tiers of human development.

Thus, we can say that Sex ratio is not a component of the Human Development Report.

The correct answer is Theory of Division of Power.

Key Points

• Montesquieu was a French political philosopher of the Enlightenment period.
• He articulated the Theory of Division of Power.
• This theory is implemented in many constitutions throughout the world.
• Dividing political authority into the legislative, executive and judicial powers, he asserted that, in the state that most effectively promotes liberty.
• According to him, these three powers must be confided to different individuals or bodies acting independently.

 Thus, we can say that the theory proposed by Montesquieu was called Theory of Division of Power.

The correct answer is National Highway 44.

Key Points

• A highway is the main road, connecting major towns or cities.
• The longest highway in India is National Highway 44.
• It is a major north-south highway in India.
• It passes through Jammu and Kashmir, in addition to states of Punjab, Haryana, Delhi, Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Telangana, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka and Tamil Nadu.

 Thus, we can say that the longest highway in India is National Highway 44.

The correct answer is Agriculture.

Key Points

• Disguised unemployment is unemployment that occurs when productivity is low and too many workers are willing to work.
• It is an unemployment that does not affect aggregate economic output.
• It generally exists in the agricultural sector.
• Disguised Unemployment exists generally in developing countries whose large populations create a surplus in the labor force.

 Thus, we can say that disguised unemployment generally exists in agricultural sector.

The correct answer is longitudes.

Key Points

• Lines on the map drawn from the north to the south, measuring the distance from the prime meridian are called Longitudes.
• These are imaginary lines that divide the Earth.
• Longitude is measured in degrees, minutes and seconds.
• Lines of Longitudes are also called meridians.
• The Prime Meridian has 0 degrees longitude and divides the earth into eastern and western hemispheres.

Thus, we can say that lines drawn on the map from north to south, measuring the distance from the prime meridian are called longitudes.

The correct answer is Akbar's famous general.

Key Points

• The Cheros chiefdoms emerged in the present-day Bihar and Jharkhand by the 12th century.
• They were attacked and defeated by Raja Man Singh.
• Raja Man Singh was Akbar's famous general.
• Akbar included Singh in Navratnas or the nine gems of the royal court of Akbar.

 Thus, we can say Raja Man Singh who attacked and defeated the Cheros tribe in 1591 was Akbar's famous general.

The correct answer is King Birendra.

Key Points

• The Nepalese Royal Massacre occurred on 1 June 2001.
• Nine members of the royal family, including King Birendra and Queen Aishwarya were killed in a mass shooting.
• He was shot by his son Dipendra during a dinner party.

 Thus, we can say that King Birendra was killed in a massacre in Nepal in the year 2001.

The correct answer is Working population of the country with the existing produce skills.

Key Points

• Human Capital of a country is the working population of the country with the existing productive skills.
• Human capital recognizes the intangible assets and qualities that improve worker performance and benefit the economy.
• It includes assets like education, training, intelligence, skills, health etc.
• Investing in people through nutrition, health care, quality education, jobs and skills help develop human capital.

 Thus, we can say that human capital of a country is the working population of the country with existing productive skills.

The correct answer is 1966.

Key Points

• In 1966, the state of Punjab was divided to form the new form the new state of Haryana.
• The Punjab Reorganization Act was passed by the Indian parliament on 18 September 1966.
• It led to dissolving the former state of East Punjab.
• Out of the former East Punjab, the modern state of Punjab was created, the new state of Haryana was created.
• City of Chandigarh became the provisional capital of both the Punjab and Haryana.

Thus, we can say that in 1966, the state of Punjab was divided to form the new state of Haryana.

The correct answer is Indian National Lok Dal.

Key Points

• State parties are also called regional parties.
• Indian National Lok Dal is a political party in India, in the state of Haryana.
• It was founded in 1996 as Haryana Lok Dal.
• It was founded by Chaudhary Dev Lal.

 Thus, we can say that Indian National Lok Dal is the state political party in Haryana.

The correct answer is China.

Key Points

• China had the highest wind energy capacity at the end of 2020.
• It boasts the world's largest capacity for wind energy, totalling over 288 GW at the end of 2020.
• Wind energy is a well- established source of renewable energy.
• Wind is used to produce electricity using kinetic energy created by air in motion.

 Thus, we can say that China had the highest wind energy capacity at the end of 2020.

The correct answer is Petrograd.

Key Points

• February Revolution was the first of two revolutions that took place in Russia in 1917.
• The Petrograd Soviet led the February revolution.
• The February Revolution brought down the monarchy in February 1917.
• The monarchy was overthrown and replaced by the Provisional Government.

 Thus, we can say that Petrograd led the February Revolution that brought down the monarchy in February 1917.

Additional Information

• Karl Marx was a German philosopher, economist, historian, sociologist, political theorist, journalist, critic of political economy, and socialist revolutionary. His best-known titles are the 1848 pamphlet The Communist Manifesto and the four-volume Das Kapital.
• Marfa Vaileva was a brave woman and machine operator in Lorenz telephone factory. She participated in February revolution in Russia.
• Max Weber was a German sociologist, historian, jurist and political economist, who is regarded as among the most important theorists of the development of modern Western society. His ideas profoundly influence social theory and research.

The correct answer is Jet streams do not cause rains.

Key Points

• Jet stream is a region of low, narrow, high-speed winds that typically flow northeastward, eastward, and southeastward in the middle and upper troposphere and stratosphere.
• Jet Streams are characterized by wind motions.
• They are westerly winds.
• Jet streams cause rain in winters in India.
• They are fast flowing winds.

 Thus, we can say that jet streams do cause rains.

The correct answer is Article 19 to 22.

Key Points

• Right to Freedom is one of the six fundamental rights provided by the Constitution of India.
• Articles 19 to 22 of the Indian Constitution covers the Right to Freedom.
• Article 19 provides freedom of speech and expression, association, assembly, movement, residence an profession.
• Article 20 provides protection with respect to conviction for offences.
• Article 21 provides Right to life and personal liberty.
• Article 21 A provides Right to elementary education.
• Article 22 of the constitution provides protection against arrest and detention in certain cases.

 Thus, we can say that Articles 19 to 22 of the Constitution covers the Rights of Freedom.

The correct answer is Shipkila pass- Uttrakhand.

Key Points

• A pass is a gap or break in high, rugged terrain such as a mountain ridge.
• Shipki la pass is a mountain pass on the Indo-China border.
• Bomdila pass is a border pass between Tibets's Cona County and India's Tawang district in Arunachal Pradesh.
• Banhila pass is a mountain pass in Jammu and Kashmir.
• Nathula pass connects Sikkim to China's Tibet Autonomous region.

 Thus, we can say that Shipkila pass is not located in Uttrakhand.