Official Paper

PYST 15: IB Security Assistant (Executive) Official Paper - English Language (Held On: 30 Sept, 2025 Shift 3) (Previous Year Paper)

20 questions · 8 minutes · with answers · free

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Test (20 questions)

1

Select the option that correctly punctuates the given sentence.

<br>

I visited Delhi Mumbai and Kolkata last summer.

  1. ((a))

    I visited, Delhi Mumbai and Kolkata last summer.

  2. ((b))

    I visited: Delhi Mumbai and Kolkata, last summer.

  3. ((c))

    I visited Delhi, Mumbai and Kolkata last summer.

  4. ((d))

    I visited- Delhi Mumbai and Kolkata, last summer.

Show Answer
Answer: ((c))

I visited Delhi, Mumbai and Kolkata last summer.

The correct answer is Option 3.

 

Key Points

  • The sentence lists three cities, so commas are used to separate them correctly.
  • The correct punctuation involves placing a comma between the listed items: "Delhi, Mumbai, and Kolkata."
  • This is known as the serial or Oxford comma, used before the conjunction "and" in a list of three or more items.
  • The punctuation in Option 3 ensures clarity and readability of the sentence.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 3.

 

Correct Sentence: "I visited Delhi, Mumbai and Kolkata last summer."

 

Additional Information

  • Option 1: "I visited, Delhi Mumbai and Kolkata last summer." – Incorrect because the comma after "visited" is unnecessary and disrupts the sentence flow.
  • Option 2: "I visited: Delhi Mumbai and Kolkata, last summer." – Incorrect because the colon is not appropriate for listing items in this context.
  • Option 4: "I visited- Delhi Mumbai and Kolkata, last summer." – Incorrect because the dash is not suitable punctuation for this sentence.
2

Select the option that can be used as a one-word substitute for the given group of words.

To examine or analyse something (such as a metal or an idea) to determine its quality, nature, or components

  1. ((a))

    Assert

  2. ((b))

    Assist

  3. ((c))

    Assay

  4. ((d))

    Argue

Show Answer
Answer: ((c))

Assay

The correct answer is: Assay.

Key Points

  • The word "Assay" means to examine or analyze something in order to determine its quality, nature, or components. (जांच या विश्लेषण करना)
  • Example: The scientist assayed the metal sample to determine its purity.
  • The word "Assert" means to confidently state or declare something as a fact. (दावा करना)
  • Example: She asserted her innocence during the investigation.
  • Hence, we can infer that the correct one-word substitute for “To examine or analyze something to determine its quality, nature, or components” is 'Assay'.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Assay.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

  • Assert (दावा करना): To confidently state or declare something as a fact.
  • Example: The lawyer asserted that his client was innocent.
  • Assist (सहायता करना): To help or support someone in achieving something.
  • Example: The nurse assisted the doctor during the surgery.
  • Argue (विवाद करना): To express disagreement or debate on a topic.
  • Example: They argued about the best way to solve the problem.
3

Sentences of a paragraph are given below. While the first and the last sentences (1 and 6) are in the correct order, the sentences in between are jumbled up. Arrange the sentences in the correct order to form a meaningful and coherent paragraph.

  1. Imagine that you are a fly.
    A) And then you see a nice pink leaf.
    B) You think to yourself in your fly head.
    C) You are just zipping around the sky, looking for a place to rest.
    D) That looks like a nice place to land.
  2. As you rest your feet on the leaf, you notice something strange.
  1. ((a))

    DCAB

  2. ((b))

    ABDC

  3. ((c))

    CADB

  4. ((d))

    BDCA

Show Answer
Answer: ((c))

CADB

The correct answer is Option 3.

Key Points

  • The paragraph begins with the idea of imagining yourself as a fly, as introduced in sentence 1.
  • Sentence C comes first because it describes the fly's activity of zipping around the sky looking for a place to rest:
  • "You are just zipping around the sky, looking for a place to rest."
  • Sentence A follows as it introduces the sight of a pink leaf that catches the fly's attention:
  • "And then you see a nice pink leaf."
  • Sentence D comes next as it shares the fly's thought process upon seeing the leaf:
  • "That looks like a nice place to land."
  • Sentence B concludes the sequence by describing the fly's internal monologue in its "fly head":
  • "You think to yourself in your fly head."
  • The correct sequence is CADB.

Coherent paragraph after rearrangement:

"Imagine that you are a fly. You are just zipping around the sky, looking for a place to rest. And then you see a nice pink leaf. That looks like a nice place to land. You think to yourself in your fly head. As you rest your feet on the leaf, you notice something strange."

4

Select the most appropriate article to fill in the blank. If no article is needed, select 'No article required'.

Raveena's plane landed on time, and she collected her luggage from __________ handler quicky.

  1. ((a))

    an

  2. ((b))

    No article required

  3. ((c))

    the

  4. ((d))

    a

Show Answer
Answer: ((c))

the

The correct answer is 'the'.

 

Key Points

  • The article "the" is used when we refer to something specific or definite.
  • In this case, "handler" refers to a specific handler responsible for Raveena's luggage, so "the" is the appropriate article.
  • Options 1, 2, and 4 are grammatically incorrect or do not fit the context.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 3.

 

Complete Sentence: "Raveena's plane landed on time, and she collected her luggage from the handler quickly."

 

Additional Information

  • Option 1: "an" is incorrect because "an" is used before words starting with a vowel sound, which is not applicable here.
  • Option 2: "No article required" is incorrect because the sentence refers to a specific handler.
  • Option 4: "a" is incorrect because "a" is used for non-specific or indefinite references, which does not apply in this context.
5

Select the most appropriate option to fill in the blank.

The detective remained suspicious of the suspect's alibi, as it was inconsistent __________ the evidence.

  1. ((a))

    with

  2. ((b))

    of

  3. ((c))

    to

  4. ((d))

    in

Show Answer
Answer: ((a))

with

The correct answer is 'with'.

 

Key Points

  • The preposition "with" is used to indicate consistency or agreement in this context.
  • The detective found the alibi inconsistent, meaning it did not align "with" the evidence.
  • Options 2, 3, and 4 are grammatically incorrect in this sentence because they do not convey the required meaning.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 1.

 

Complete Sentence: "The detective remained suspicious of the suspect's alibi, as it was inconsistent with the evidence."

 

Additional Information

  • Option 2: "of" is incorrect because "inconsistent of" is not a valid phrase in English.
  • Option 3: "to" is incorrect because "inconsistent to" is not the correct preposition in this context.
  • Option 4: "in" is incorrect because it does not convey the required meaning here.
6

Select the most appropriate ANTONYM of the underlined word in the given sentence.

<br>

The company's decision to downsize was intended to increase profitability.

  1. ((a))

    Reduce

  2. ((b))

    Amplify

  3. ((c))

    Enhance

  4. ((d))

    Overlap

Show Answer
Answer: ((a))

Reduce

The correct answer is: Option 2.

Key Points

  • The word "downsize" means to reduce the size, amount, or scope of something. It is often used in a business context to refer to reducing the number of employees or the scale of operations to cut costs. (छोटा करना)
  • Example: The company decided to downsize its workforce to remain competitive in the market.
  • "Amplify" refers to increasing the size, volume, or intensity of something, which is the opposite of reducing or downsizing. (बढ़ाना)
  • Example: The speaker used a microphone to amplify his voice during the presentation.
  • Hence, we can infer that the opposite of 'downsize' is 'amplify.'

Therefore, the correct answer is: Option 2.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

  • Reduce (कम करना): To make something smaller in size, amount, or degree.
  • Example: The company aims to reduce its carbon footprint by 50% by 2030.
  • Enhance (बढ़ाना): To improve the quality, amount, or strength of something.
  • Example: The new software update will enhance the performance of the system.
  • Overlap (ओवरलैप करना): To cover part of the same area of interest, responsibility, or time.
  • Example: The two events overlap, making it difficult to attend both.
7

Select the most appropriate synonym of the highlighted word in the given sentence.

<br>

After weeks of healthy eating, I had a serious hankering for a juicy burger and fries.

  1. ((a))

    complacency

  2. ((b))

    aversion

  3. ((c))

    craving

  4. ((d))

    ambivalence

Show Answer
Answer: ((c))

craving

The correct answer is: Option 3 (Craving).

Key Points

  • The word "hankering" means a strong desire or longing for something. (प्रबल इच्छा या लालसा)
  • Example: After a long day, I had a hankering for a hot cup of coffee.
  • The word "craving" is a synonym of hankering and also means a strong desire for something. (लालसा)
  • Example: She had a sudden craving for chocolate cake in the middle of the night.
  • Hence, we can infer that the synonym of "hankering" is "craving."

Therefore, the correct answer is: Option 3 (Craving).

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

  • Complacency (संतोष): A feeling of uncritical satisfaction with oneself or one's achievements.
  • Example: His complacency about his grades led him to stop studying, which resulted in poor performance.
  • Aversion (घृणा): A strong dislike or disinclination toward something.
  • Example: She has an aversion to spicy food and avoids it at all costs.
  • Ambivalence (उभयभाव): The state of having mixed feelings or contradictory ideas about something or someone.
  • Example: His ambivalence about accepting the job offer was evident in his hesitation.
8

Select the correctly punctuated version of the phrase to fill in the blank and complete the given sentence.

'spent our holiday in France it was very crowded'

Rahim, Rajam and I __________

  1. ((a))

    spent our holiday in France; it was very crowded.

  2. ((b))

    spent our holiday in France it was very crowded.

  3. ((c))

    spent our holiday, in France, it was very crowded.

  4. ((d))

    spent our holiday in France: it was very crowded.

Show Answer
Answer: ((a))

spent our holiday in France; it was very crowded.

The correct answer is 'spent our holiday in France; it was very crowded.'.

 

Key Points

  • Option 1 is correctly punctuated, as the semicolon separates two closely related independent clauses ("spent our holiday in France" and "it was very crowded").
  • Option 2 lacks punctuation, making the sentence unclear.
  • Option 3 incorrectly uses commas, which do not appropriately separate the ideas.
  • Option 4 uses a colon, which is less appropriate in this context than a semicolon.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 1.

 

Complete Sentence: "Rahim, Rajam, and I spent our holiday in France; it was very crowded."

 

Additional Information

  • Option 2: "spent our holiday in France it was very crowded" is incorrect because it lacks punctuation between the two independent clauses.
  • Option 3: "spent our holiday, in France, it was very crowded" is incorrect due to unnecessary commas disrupting the sentence flow.
  • Option 4: "spent our holiday in France: it was very crowded" is incorrect because a colon is not the best choice for separating these clauses.
9

Sentences of a paragraph are given below in jumbled order. Arrange the sentences in the correct order to form a meaningful and coherent paragraph.
A. This coastal city is built on a scenic mix of islands, reclaimed land and natural beauty.
B. Helsinki, where many trips begin or end, offers a glimpse into Finland's national contentment.
C. The joy from this freedom and nature access aligns with the UN's happiness measures like longevity, liberty and well-being.
D. Visitors can easily rent a bike and explore forest trails or seaside routes across the city.

  1. ((a))

    CBDA

  2. ((b))

    DACB

  3. ((c))

    BDCA

  4. ((d))

    BADC

Show Answer
Answer: ((d))

BADC

The correct answer is Option 4.

Key Points

  • The paragraph describes Helsinki, a city in Finland, and its connection to national happiness and nature access.
  • Sentence B is the first sentence as it introduces Helsinki and its role as a starting or ending point for many trips:
  • "Helsinki, where many trips begin or end, offers a glimpse into Finland's national contentment."
  • Sentence A follows as it provides details about the city's geography and beauty:
  • "This coastal city is built on a scenic mix of islands, reclaimed land and natural beauty."
  • Sentence D is next as it highlights activities visitors can enjoy in Helsinki:
  • "Visitors can easily rent a bike and explore forest trails or seaside routes across the city."
  • Sentence C concludes the paragraph by connecting the joy derived from these activities to Finland’s happiness rankings:
  • "The joy from this freedom and nature access aligns with the UN's happiness measures like longevity, liberty and well-being."
  • The correct sequence is BADC.

Coherent paragraph after rearrangement:

"Helsinki, where many trips begin or end, offers a glimpse into Finland's national contentment. This coastal city is built on a scenic mix of islands, reclaimed land and natural beauty. Visitors can easily rent a bike and explore forest trails or seaside routes across the city. The joy from this freedom and nature access aligns with the UN's happiness measures like longevity, liberty and well-being."

10

Select the most appropriate option to fill in the blank.

This is the __________ snowstorm that I have seen in the last ten years.

  1. ((a))

    worst

  2. ((b))

    good

  3. ((c))

    better

  4. ((d))

    easier

Show Answer
Answer: ((a))

worst

The correct answer is 'worst'.

 

Key Points

  • The word "worst" is the superlative form of "bad" and is used to indicate the most severe degree of something.
  • The sentence describes an extreme situation (the most severe snowstorm in the last ten years), so the superlative form "worst" is appropriate.
  • Options 2, 3, and 4 are grammatically or contextually incorrect in this case.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 1.

 

Complete Sentence: "This is the worst snowstorm that I have seen in the last ten years."

 

Additional Information

  • Option 2: "good" is incorrect because the context requires a negative connotation, not a positive one.
  • Option 3: "better" is incorrect as it is a comparative form and does not fit the superlative requirement of the sentence.
  • Option 4: "easier" is incorrect because it does not relate to the severity of a snowstorm.
11

Select the option that can be used as a one-word substitute for the given group of words.

A loud and boisterous laugh, often one that is unrestrained or hearty

  1. ((a))

    Guffaw

  2. ((b))

    Snicker

  3. ((c))

    Giggle

  4. ((d))

    Chuckle

Show Answer
Answer: ((a))

Guffaw

The correct answer is: Guffaw.

Key Points

  • The word "Guffaw" refers to a loud and boisterous laugh, often unrestrained or hearty. (जोर से हंसना)
  • Example: The comedian's joke caused the entire audience to erupt into a guffaw.
  • "Snicker" refers to a quiet or suppressed laugh, often expressing amusement or mockery. (दबी हुई हंसी)
  • Example: The students snickered when the teacher mispronounced a word.
  • "Giggle" means to laugh lightly or nervously, often in a high-pitched tone. (दबी हुई और हल्की हंसी)
  • Example: The children began to giggle as the clown performed a funny trick.
  • "Chuckle" refers to a quiet or gentle laugh, often expressing mild amusement. (हल्की हंसी)
  • Example: He chuckled at the irony of the situation.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Guffaw.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

  • Snicker (दबी हुई हंसी): A quiet, suppressed laugh often indicating amusement or ridicule.
  • Example: They couldn't help but snicker at the teacher's unintentional joke.
  • Giggle (हल्की और दबी हुई हंसी): A light, high-pitched laugh, often out of nervousness or amusement.
  • Example: The little girl started to giggle when she saw the magician's trick.
  • Chuckle (हल्की हंसी): A soft, suppressed laugh showing mild amusement.
  • Example: The father chuckled at his son's clever response.
12

Select the most appropriate meaning of the given proverb.

The proof of the pudding is in the eating.

  1. ((a))

    Time feels longer when you're waiting for something to happen.

  2. ((b))

    The quality of something can be judged after you have tried it.

  3. ((c))

    Don't assume success before it actually happens.

  4. ((d))

    The most noticeable or loudest problems get attention.

Show Answer
Answer: ((b))

The quality of something can be judged after you have tried it.

The correct answer is: Option 2 i.e. "The quality of something can be judged after you have tried it."

Key Points

  • The proverb "The proof of the pudding is in the eating" means that the value or quality of something can only be judged by putting it into action or experiencing it. (किसी चीज़ की गुणवत्ता को उसके इस्त��माल के बाद ही समझा जा सकता है।)
  • Example: You may think this new recipe is great, but the proof of the pudding is in the eating—let’s taste it first!
  • Explanation of the Correct Answer: The phrase emphasizes that the effectiveness or success of something is determined only after actually using or testing it. (सही उत्तर यह समझाता है कि किसी चीज़ की उपयोगिता या सफलता को केवल प्रयोग करके ही परखा जा सकता है।)
  • Example: You can’t be sure the software works until you actually use it. The proof of the pudding is in the eating.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Option 2.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

  • Option 1: Time feels longer when you're waiting for something to happen. (जब आप किसी चीज़ का इंतजार कर रहे होते हैं तो समय लंबा लगता है।)
  • Example: Waiting for a train can make 10 minutes feel like an hour!
  • Option 3: Don't assume success before it actually happens. (सफलता के होने से पहले उसे मान लेना ठीक नहीं।)
  • Example: Don’t count your chickens before they hatch.
  • Option 4: The most noticeable or loudest problems get attention. (जो समस्या सबसे अधिक ध्यान आकर्षित करती है, उसे प्राथमिकता मिलती है।)
  • Example: The squeaky wheel gets the grease.
13

Select the INCORRECTLY spelt word.

  1. ((a))

    Fragrance

  2. ((b))

    Vitality

  3. ((c))

    Enigma

  4. ((d))

    Ambitous

Show Answer
Answer: ((d))

Ambitous

The correct answer is option 4.

Key Points

The misspelled word is 'Ambitous'.

  • The correct spelling would be 'Ambitious'.
  • The word 'Ambitious' is an adjective which means 'having a strong desire for success or achievement'. (महत्त्वाकांक्षी)
  • For Example -
  • She is an ambitious student who wants to become a doctor.

Therefore, the correct answer would be 'Ambitous'.

Additional Information

Let's understand the meanings of the other correct words - 

  • Fragrance - a pleasant, sweet smell (सुगंध)
  • Vitality - the state of being strong and active; energy (जीवन शक्ति)
  • Enigma - a person or thing that is mysterious or difficult to understand (पहेली)
14

Select the most appropriate meaning of the given idiom.

Be a killjoy

  1. ((a))

    Someone who spoils the fun or dampens others' enthusiasm.

  2. ((b))

    A difficult problem or a person who is hard to understand or deal with.

  3. ((c))

    A positive aspect or hope in an otherwise bad situation.

  4. ((d))

    Something that is contrary to someone's natural feelings, beliefs, or habits.

Show Answer
Answer: ((a))

Someone who spoils the fun or dampens others' enthusiasm.

The correct answer is: Option 1.

Key Points

  • The idiom "Be a killjoy" refers to someone who spoils the fun or dampens others' enthusiasm. (मज़ा खराब करने वाला व्यक्ति)
  • Example: Stop being such a killjoy and let us enjoy the party!
  • The correct meaning of this idiom is "someone who spoils the fun or dampens others' enthusiasm." (मज़ा खराब करने वाला व्यक्ति)
  • Example: Jane was being a killjoy by constantly complaining during the picnic.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Option 1.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

  • Option 2: A difficult problem or a person who is hard to understand or deal with (समस्या या व्यक्ति जिसे समझना या संभालना कठिन हो):
  • Example: The new puzzle was such a difficult nut to crack that it took hours to solve.
  • Option 3: A positive aspect or hope in an otherwise bad situation (किसी बुरी स्थिति में सकारात्मक पहलू):
  • Example: The silver lining of the failure was the lessons we learned from it.
  • Option 4: Something that is contrary to someone's natural feelings, beliefs, or habits (किसी की प्राकृतिक भावनाओं, विश्वासों, या आदतों के विपरीत कुछ):
  • Example: Eating spicy food goes against her natural taste preferences.
15

Select the INCORRECTLY spelt word. 

  1. ((a))

    Gourmund

  2. ((b))

    Reprimand

  3. ((c))

    Forewarned

  4. ((d))

    Apprehend

Show Answer
Answer: ((a))

Gourmund

The correct answer is option 1.

Key Points

The misspelled word is 'Gourmund'.

  • The correct spelling would be 'Gourmand'.
  • The word 'Gourmand' is a noun which means 'a person who enjoys eating and often eats too much'. (भोजन का शौकीन)
  • For Example -
  • He was a true gourmand, savoring every dish with delight.

Therefore, the correct answer would be 'Gourmund'.

Additional Information

Let's understand the meanings of the other marked words - 

  • Reprimand - a formal expression of disapproval (फटकार)
  • Forewarned - to inform someone of a danger or possible problem in advance (पहले से चेतावनी देना)
  • Apprehend - to arrest someone for a crime or to understand something (गिरफ्तार करना / समझना)

In the following passage, some words have been deleted. Read the passage carefully and select the most appropriate option to fill in each blank. 

Imagine a world without books, newspapers, magazines and all the other printed material we take (1) ........ granted today. People (2) ........... none of these things (3) .............Johann Gutenberg of Strasbourg invented the printing press. The Gutenberg Press (4) ........... the first printing press of Europe. It was invented (5) ............... Johannes Gutenberg. He grew up in a large agricultural estate and had knowledge and experience in operating olive and wine presses.

16

Select the most appropriate option to fill in blank number 4. 

  1. ((a))

    had

  2. ((b))

    for

  3. ((c))

    was

  4. ((d))

    to

Show Answer
Answer: ((c))

was

The correct answer is ''was'.'

 

Key Points

  • The complete sentence is: "The Gutenberg Press (4) ........... the first printing press of Europe."
  • The verb "was" correctly links the subject "The Gutenberg Press" to the complement "the first printing press of Europe."
  • Other options ("had," "for," "to") do not fit grammatically or contextually in this sentence.

Therefore, the correct answer is ''Option 3'.'

 

Usage in the Passage: The Gutenberg Press was the first printing press of Europe.

17

Select the most appropriate option to fill in blank number 5. 

  1. ((a))

    if

  2. ((b))

    by

  3. ((c))

    before

  4. ((d))

    after

Show Answer
Answer: ((b))

by

The correct answer is ''by'.'

 

Key Points

  • The complete sentence is: "It was invented (5) ............... Johannes Gutenberg."
  • The correct preposition to indicate the inventor or creator of something in the passive voice is "by."
  • Other options ("if," "before," "after") do not fit grammatically or contextually in this sentence.

Therefore, the correct answer is ''Option 2'.'

 

Usage in the Passage: It was invented by Johannes Gutenberg.

18

Select the most appropriate option to fill in blank number 1.

  1. ((a))

    so

  2. ((b))

    for

  3. ((c))

    to

  4. ((d))

    as

Show Answer
Answer: ((b))

for

The correct answer is ''for'.'

 

Key Points

  • The correct phrase is "take for granted," which means to not appreciate something because it is normal or familiar.
  • None of the other options ("so," "to," "as") are grammatically or idiomatically correct in this context.
  • 'For' is the preposition that completes the idiom accurately.

Therefore, the correct answer is ''Option 2'.'

 

Usage in the Passage: Imagine a world without books, newspapers, magazines and all the other printed material we take for granted today.

19

Select the most appropriate option to fill in blank number 2. 

  1. ((a))

    had

  2. ((b))

    from

  3. ((c))

    in

  4. ((d))

    at

Show Answer
Answer: ((a))

had

The correct answer is: Option 1 i.e. had.

Key Points

  • The word “had” is the past tense of “have,” meaning to possess or own something. (है/थे/थी/था - होना)
  • Example: She had a red bicycle when she was a child.
  • In the passage, the sentence is: "People (2) ........... none of these things before Johann Gutenberg of Strasbourg invented the printing press." The correct verb here is “had” to indicate possession in the past.
  • Hence, “People had none of these things...” is grammatically correct and meaningful. (लोगों के पास ये चीजें नहीं थीं...)

Therefore, the correct answer is: had.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

  • from (से): Used to indicate the point in space or time at which a journey, motion, or action starts.
  • Example: He came from Delhi. (वह दिल्ली से आया।)
  • Not suitable for this blank, as it does not convey possession.
  • in (में): Used to indicate location or position within something.
  • Example: The keys are in my bag. (चाबियाँ मेरे बैग में हैं।)
  • Not suitable here, as “in” does not fit the context of possession.
  • at (पर): Used to indicate a specific place or time.
  • Example: She is at the door. (वह दरवाजे पर है।)
  • Not suitable for indicating possession in this context.
20

Select the most appropriate option to fill in blank number 3.

  1. ((a))

    during

  2. ((b))

    till

  3. ((c))

    while

  4. ((d))

    have

Show Answer
Answer: ((b))

till

The correct answer is ''till'.'

 

Key Points

  • The sentence is: "People (2) ........... none of these things (3) .............Johann Gutenberg of Strasbourg invented the printing press."
  • The correct conjunction here should indicate the time up to the invention of the printing press.
  • 'Till' means 'up to the time of,' which fits the context perfectly.
  • Other options do not fit grammatically or contextually ("during," "while," "have").

Therefore, the correct answer is ''Option 2'.'

 

Usage in the Passage: People ... none of these things till Johann Gutenberg of Strasbourg invented the printing press.

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