Official Paper

PYST 1: IB Security Assistant & MTS Official Paper - General Awareness (Held On: 23 March, 2023 Shift 1) (Previous Year Paper)

20 questions · 8 minutes · with answers · free

Attempt as Timed Mock Test

Test (20 questions)

1

Which of the following historical caves of India are located in the state of Bihar?

  1. ((a))

    Ajanta Caves

  2. ((b))

    Kanheri Caves

  3. ((c))

    Barabar Caves

  4. ((d))

    Ellora Caves

Show Answer
Answer: ((c))

Barabar Caves

The correct answer is Barabar Caves.

Key Points

  • The Barabar caves are the oldest surviving rock-cut caves in India, located in the Makhdumpur region of Jehanabad district, Bihar.
  • Emperor Ashoka built the Barabar Caves and these caves are Buddhist caves.
  • The caves are situated in the twin hills of the Barabar and Nagarjuna hills.
  • They date back to the time of the Mauryan Dynasty and Emperor Ashoka in the 3rd century BC.
  • These rock-cut chambers depict inscriptions in the name of "King Piyadasi" for the Barabar group.

Additional Information 

Cave NameLocationNotable FeaturesHistorical Facts
Edakkal CavesEdakkal, Wayanad district of KeralaPrehistoric paintings of human, animals, symbols, and letters from about 6000 BCAccidentally discovered by British police officer Fred Fawcett in 1894
Belum CavesKolimigundla, Andhra PradeshLargest and longest cave in India, measuring 3229 meters in length
Guna CavesKodaikanal, Tamil NaduAlso known as Devil's KitchenThe popular movie Guna, which was shot here in 1992, gave it its name
Ajanta CavesMaharashtra, IndiaKnown for Buddhist frescoes and muralsThese caves housed Buddhist monks for centuries
Kanheri CavesSanjay Gandhi National Park, Mumbai, IndiaKnown for rock-cut Buddhist teachings and prayer hallsThese caves represent the Buddhism influence under the Mauryan and Kushan era
Ellora CavesMaharashtra, IndiaRock-cut architecture featuring Buddhist, Hindu, and Jain monumentsThese caves demonstrate the spirit of tolerance inherent in Indian culture
2

How many species of Plasmodium have long been recognised to infect humans in nature to cause malaria?

  1. ((a))

    1

  2. ((b))

    3

  3. ((c))

    5

  4. ((d))

    2

Show Answer
Answer: ((c))

5

The correct answer is 5.

Key Points

  • There are five species of Plasmodium that are recognized to infect humans and cause malaria.
  • Plasmodium falciparum
  • This species is the most dangerous and is responsible for the majority of malaria-related deaths worldwide.
  • It can cause severe malaria because it multiplies rapidly in the blood, leading to severe blood loss and clogged blood vessels.
  • Plasmodium vivax
  • This species isn't usually as deadly as P. falciparum, but it can cause severe disease and death. P. vivax can linger in the liver for a long time, which can result in relapses weeks or months after the first infection.
  • Plasmodium ovale
  • P. ovale is similar to P. vivax. It's rare and usually found in West Africa. Just like P. vivax, P. ovale can remain dormant in the liver for several months up to about 4 years.
  • Plasmodium malariae
  • This species generally causes a milder form of malaria, but it can persist in the blood for a very long time.
  • Plasmodium knowlesi
  • Previously thought to infect only primates, this species was found infecting humans in Malaysia. It may cause severe and fatal disease similar to P. falciparum.
3

Which of the following cities has been included in the top ten cities in the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) Urban Index and Dashboard 2021-22 by NITI Aayog? 

  1. ((a))

    Bengaluru

  2. ((b))

    Tiruchirappalli

  3. ((c))

    Jaipur

  4. ((d))

    Indore

Show Answer
Answer: ((b))

Tiruchirappalli

The correct answer is Tiruchirappalli.

Key Points

  • These cities were ranked based on their performance across 77 SDG indicators, covering all 17 SDGs.
  • The index measures progress on a range of issues, including poverty, hunger, health, education, gender equality, water and sanitation, energy, economic growth, infrastructure, inequality, cities and human settlements, consumption and production patterns, climate change, oceans and marine resources, terrestrial ecosystems, peace and justice, and partnerships for the goals.
  • The SDG Urban Index and Dashboard is a valuable tool for tracking progress on sustainable development in Indian cities.
  • It can be used to identify areas where cities are doing well and where they need to improve.
  • The index can also be used to compare cities to each other and to set targets for future progress.
4

Which team won the Ranji Trophy 2022 final?

  1. ((a))

    Madhya Pradesh 

  2. ((b))

    Gujarat

  3. ((c))

    Mumbai 

  4. ((d))

    Punjab

Show Answer
Answer: ((a))

Madhya Pradesh 

The correct answer is Madhya Pradesh.

Key Points

  • Madhya Pradesh defeated Mumbai by six wickets to win their first-ever Ranji Trophy title at M.Chinnaswamy Stadium in Bengaluru on 26 June 2022.
  • Madhya Pradesh chased down 108 in the fourth innings for the fall of four wickets to lift the coveted trophy.
  • Mumbai with 41 titles, holds the record of winning the most number of titles.
  • Mumbai last won the title in 2015-16.​

Additional Information

  • ​​Important Current Affairs related to Cricket in 2022:
  • England batter Joe Root completed 10191 Test cricket runs and surpassed former India batter Sunil Gavaskar's record of 10122 runs.
  • India spinner Ravichandran Ashwin on 6 March 2022 surpassed Kapil Dev's 434 wickets in the second Test against Sri Lanka.
  • Rishabh Pant won the top 'Test batting' prize for his series-winning knock of 89 against Australia in Brisbane at the 15th Annual ESPNcricinfo awards in Feb 2022.
  • The Test bowling award went to Kyle Jamieson for his 5 for 31, which helped New Zealand become the first World Test champions.
  • New Zealand skipper Kane Williamson was adjudged 'Captain of the Year' at the 15th Annual ESPNcricinfo awards 2022.
5

_________ is a percussion instrument.

  1. ((a))

    Flute

  2. ((b))

    Clarinet

  3. ((c))

    Cymbal

  4. ((d))

    Veena

Show Answer
Answer: ((c))

Cymbal

The correct answer is Cymbal.

Key Points

  • Cymbal
  • Percussion Ancient Asia, Egypt, and Rome Cymbals are an ancient percussion instrument that consists of thin, normally round plates of various alloys.
  • Sound is produced by striking one cymbal against another or with a drumstick. They are often used in orchestras and drum kits.

Additional Information

InstrumentCategoryOrigin CountryDescription
FluteWoodwindMany global culturesThe flute is a reedless woodwind instrument that produces sound by blowing air across an opening. Flutes are typically long, thin tubes made of metal, wood, or plastic with holes along the body that are covered by the fingers to produce different notes.
ClarinetWoodwindEurope, specifically GermanyA clarinet is a woodwind instrument with a single-reed mouthpiece. It has a cylindrical tube made of wood or plastic and a flared bell at the end. Sound is produced by blowing through the reed and pressing keys to create different notes.
VeenaStringIndiaThe veena is an ancient Indian stringed instrument. It has a large resonator and long neck with frets, and it is plucked with a pick or the fingers to produce sound. The veena is associated with Saraswati, the Hindu goddess of music, and is widely used in Indian classical music.
6

Where did the 36th National Games take place in September-October 2022?

  1. ((a))

    Gujarat

  2. ((b))

    Andhra Pradesh

  3. ((c))

    Maharashtra

  4. ((d))

    Karnataka

Show Answer
Answer: ((a))

Gujarat

The correct answer is Gujarat.

Key Points

  • The 36th National Games, whose theme is Celebrating Unity Through Sports, are being held after a gap of seven years and took place from September 29 to October 12 at the EKA Arena TransStadia in Ahmedabad.
  • As many as six cities in Gujarat - Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Surat, Vadodara, Rajkot and Bhavnagar.
  • New Delhi additionally hosted the track cycling event.
  • The curtain-raiser event (held on 3rd September 2022)witnessed the unveiling of the Games Anthem and Mascot, as well as a custom-curated website and mobile application, marking the beginning of the biggest sporting extravaganza in the country.
  • An estimated 7,000 athletes from 28 states and eight Union Territories are expected to take part across 36 disciplines that include most traditional Olympic sports.
  • Indigenous sports like Mallakhamb and Yogasana also featured in the National Games for the first time.
  • The 2020 edition of the National Games was scheduled to be held in Goa but was cancelled due to the covid pandemic. ​

Additional Information

  • National Games of India
  • The National Games of India comprises various disciplines in which sportsmen from the different states of India participate against each other.
  • The first such event was held in Lahore in the year 1924.
  • The country's first few Olympic Games, now renamed as National Games, were held in North India (Delhi, Lahore, Allahabad, Patiala), Chennai, Calcutta, and Mumbai.
  • For several years in the mid-twentieth century, the national games were conducted on a low-key note.
  • However, the first Modern National Games on the lines of the Olympics were held in 1985 in New Delhi.
7

Light falling on colloidal particles leads to scattering of light. This phenomena is called:

  1. ((a))

    Mendel’s effect

  2. ((b))

    Brownian effect

  3. ((c))

    Bowl effect

  4. ((d))

    Tyndall effect 

Show Answer
Answer: ((d))

Tyndall effect 

The correct answer is Tyndall effect. 

Key Points

  • Tyndall effect: It is also known as Tyndall scattering. The scattering of light by particles in a colloid or else particles in a very fine suspension is called Tyndall effect.
  • Under this effect, the longer wavelength light is more transmitted while the shorter wavelength light is more reflected.
  • Scattering of light: The phenomenon in which the light ray is redirected in all other directions on passing through particles of dimensions comparable to the wavelength of the light used is called scattering of light.

Additional Information

ConceptDescription
Mendel’s LawsGregor Mendel, a scientist and Augustinian friar, is known for his foundational principles of inheritance in genetics. His two laws are the law of segregation (only one of the two gene copies present in an organism is distributed to each gamete (sex cell) that it makes), and the law of independent assortment (genes for different traits are sorted separately so that the inheritance of one trait is not dependent on the inheritance of another).
Brownian MotionThis is a physical phenomenon described by the random motion of particles suspended in a fluid (liquid or gas) resulting from their collision with the fast-moving atoms or molecules in the gas or liquid. Named after botanist Robert Brown who observed the erratic motion of pollen grains in water. The Brownian motion is one of the evidence that proves the existence of molecules and atoms.
Bowl EffectThis term is not recognized in standard scientific literature. If you're referring to a specific scientific concept or phenomenon, could you please provide more context or detail?
8

In which classical dance forms the performance includes a Sutradhara or Nattuvanar who is the conductor of the entire performance?

  1. ((a))

    Odissi

  2. ((b))

    Bihu

  3. ((c))

    Kathak 

  4. ((d))

    Kuchipudi 

Show Answer
Answer: ((d))

Kuchipudi 

The correct answer is Kuchipudi.

Key Points

  • Kuchipudi
  • ​Kuchipudi is a classical dance of Andhra Pradesh.
  • Origin from the group of dancers going in the villages to perform known as Kusselavas.
  • Kuchipudi derives its name from the village Kusselavapuri in Andhra Pradesh.
  • Vijayanagar and Golconda rulers patronized the dance form.
  • Famous dance Tarangam where the dancer performs with his feet on edge of brass plate and pot of water on the head.
  • Stories from Bhagvat Purana on secular themes.
  • Lasya(Soft element) and Tandava(Hard element) are important in Kuchipudi dance.

Additional Information

Classical DancePlace
KathakaliKerala
MohiniyattamKerala
BharatanatyamTamil Nadu
KuchipudiAndhra Pradesh
OdissiOdisha
ManipuriManipur
SattriyaAssam
KathakUttar Pradesh
9

In the Global Hunger Index 2022, India’s rank is:

  1. ((a))

    121st

  2. ((b))

    116th

  3. ((c))

    107th

  4. ((d))

    109th

Show Answer
Answer: ((c))

107th

The correct answer is 107th.

Key Points

  • India has been ranked 107th out of 121 countries in the 2022 Global Hunger Index (GHI) released on 14th October 2022.
  • In 2021, India was ranked 101st out of 116 countries.
  • India has fared poorer than its neighbors Pakistan (99th), Nepal (81st) and Bangladesh (84th).
  • The index calculates the hunger levels and malnutrition across the world.
  • Published by: Concern Worldwide and Welthungerhilfe.​
  • Note :- India has been ranked 111 out of 125 countries in the 2023 Global Hunger Index (GHI)

Additional Information

  • This year, the report accessed data from 136 countries but evaluated 121 of them.
  • The Global Hunger Index score is calculated on four indicators – undernourishment, child wasting (the share of children under the age of five with low weight for their height), child stunting (children under the age of five with low height for their age) and child mortality (the mortality rate of children under the age of five).
  • India’s global hunger index score is 29.1, which puts the country in the “serious” category of hunger problems.
  • In 2021, India's score was 27.5.
  • Lesser GHI score means better ranking in the index.
  • Globally, 17 countries, including China, Hungary, Montenegro, Uzbekistan, Russia and Saudi Arabia, shared the top spot.
  • No country has been placed in the extremely alarming category this year.
10

The Uttar Pradesh Government has made it mandatory for all students and teachers in madrasas of the state to sing _______ before commencing classes as per the order released by the Uttar Pradesh Government, in September 2022.

  1. ((a))

    the National Anthem

  2. ((b))

    Vande Mataram

  3. ((c))

    a patriotic song

  4. ((d))

    a prayer song 

Show Answer
Answer: ((a))

the National Anthem

The correct answer is the National Anthem.

Key Points

  • The "Jana Gana Mana" was first publicly sung on 27 December 1911 at the Calcutta Session of the Indian National Congress.
  • It was originally composed as "Bharoto Bhagyo Bidhata" by Rabindranath Tagore in Bengali.
  • The first stanza of the song "Bharoto Bhagyo Bidhata" was adopted by the Constituent Assembly of India as the National Anthem.
  • The first stanza of the song "Bharoto Bhagyo Bidhata" was adopted on 24 January 1950.
  • A formal rendition of the national anthem takes almost 52 seconds.​

Additional Information

  • Rabindranath Tagore was received Noble Prize in Literature in 1913.
  • He was the author of "Gitanjali".
  • Tagore's compositions were chosen by two nations as national anthems:-
  • India's "Jana Gana Mana".
  • Bangladesh's "Amar Shonar Bangla".
11

Which of the following dances is performed during festivals like Eid al-Fitr and Ramzan in Jammu & Kashmir?

  1. ((a))

    Rasa Lila dance

  2. ((b))

    Kud dance

  3. ((c))

    Dumhal dance

  4. ((d))

    Rouf dance

Show Answer
Answer: ((d))

Rouf dance

The correct answer is Rouf dance.

Key Points

  • Rouf dance form belongs to the state of Jammu and Kashmir.
  • The Rouf is a folk dance which mainly practised by women and originated in the Muslim community of J & K.
  • The dance is simple footwork which is also called Chakri in the local language.
  • Rouf performed on different occasions in Kashmir like Eid, Ramdan, harvesting season.

Additional Information Some Important Dance :-

Dance StyleState
BharatanatyamTamil Nadu
KathakUttar Pradesh
OdissiOdisha
ManipuriManipur
KathakaliKerala
KuchipudiAndhra Pradesh
SattriyaAssam
MohiniyattamKerala
GiddhaPunjab
GarbaGujarat
LavaniMaharashtra
GhoomarRajasthan
BhangraPunjab
ChhauJharkhand, Odisha, West Bengal
YakshaganaKarnataka
12

Which state bagged the highest number of medals during the Khelo India Youth Games 2022? 

  1. ((a))

    Maharashtra

  2. ((b))

    Haryana

  3. ((c))

    Punjab

  4. ((d))

    Tamil Nādu

Show Answer
Answer: ((a))

Maharashtra

The correct answer is Maharashtra.

Key Points

  • The 5th edition of the Khelo India Youth Games were be held in Madhya Pradesh. The games of 2022 were held in 2023.
  • Maharashtra won highest number of medals and Haryana was the second.
  • The Khelo India Youth Games are an annual multidisciplinary grassroots game organised at a national level in India in January or February.
  • Previously known as Khelo India School Games (KISG).
  • It is held for two groups of students: under-17-year-olds in high school and under-21-year-olds in college.
  • Every year, the top 1,000 children will be awarded a 5-lakh annual scholarship for the next eight years in order to prepare them for international sporting events.

Additional Information

  • The first edition of the Khelo India Youth Games was held in Delhi in 2018.
  • The second edition of the Khelo India Youth Games was held in Pune in 2019.
  • The third edition of the Khelo India Youth Games was held in Guwahati in 2020.
13

_____ is a free-living animal.

  1. ((a))

    Leech

  2. ((b))

    Tapeworm

  3. ((c))

    Wuchereria

  4. ((d))

    Planaria

Show Answer
Answer: ((d))

Planaria

The correct answer is Planaria.

Key Points

  • Planarian (class Turbellaria) any of a group of widely distributed, mostly free-living flatworms of the class Turbellaria.
  • Planaria is the name of one genus, but the name planarian is used to designate any member of the family Planariidae and related families.
  • Most planarians occur in fresh water and are sometimes seen in large masses some species are marine, others are terrestrial.
  • Some species are parasitic they obtain nourishment from the body of another living animal.
  • The planarian body, when elongated, is soft, leaf-shaped, and ciliated.
  • The spade-shaped head has two eyes and sometimes tentacles.

Additional Information 

14

In the RT-PCR examination, the term Ct stands for:

  1. ((a))

    Cycle Threshold

  2. ((b))

    Computed Tomography

  3. ((c))

    Corona Threshold 

  4. ((d))

    Computed Topography

Show Answer
Answer: ((a))

Cycle Threshold

The correct answer is Cycle Threshold.

Key Points

  • In the context of the RT-PCR (Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction) test, "Ct" stands for Cycle Threshold.
  • The cycle threshold is a key concept in PCR testing, and especially for understanding RT-PCR tests for diseases such as COVID-19.
  • In an RT-PCR test, the Ct value is the number of cycles needed to amplify the viral RNA to a detectable level. During these cycles, a fluorescent signal is emitted each time the genetic material of the virus (if present) is amplified. The machine detects when the fluorescence increases significantly above the background level.
  • Here's how it works briefly:
  • If the virus is present in the sample, the PCR machine starts doubling the amount of the virus's genetic material present.
  • After each cycle, it checks if the genetic material (RNA/DNA) is detectable (i.e. if there's enough to register a fluorescent signal).
  • The process repeats, doubling the amount of genetic material each time until the machine detects the virus.
  • The Ct value is the number of these doubling cycles it takes to detect the virus.
15

Which of the following processes cause cooling?

  1. ((a))

    Translocation

  2. ((b))

    Evaporation

  3. ((c))

    Fermentation

  4. ((d))

    Respiration

Show Answer
Answer: ((b))

Evaporation

The correct answer is ​Evaporation.

Key Points

  • Evaporation
  • Evaporation is the natural process where the molecules of a liquid absorb the residual heat present in the liquid and escape in the form of vapour.
  • Humidity is the amount of water vapour present in the air.
  • For a given temperature, the air can only hold a particular amount of water vapour.
  • So if the humidity is high, the amount of water vapour is high and hence the further conversion of a liquid into a vapour state is difficult or not favourable.

Additional Information 

ProcessDescriptionOccurs In
TranslocationThis is the movement of substances (nutrients, sugars, etc.) from where they are synthesized or stored (like leaves) to where they are needed (like roots) in a plant.In plants, especially in the part known as the phloem.
FermentationFermentation is a metabolic process that converts sugar to acids, gases, or alcohol in the absence of oxygen. It is anaerobic (with no oxygen involved).Both in microorganisms like yeast and bacteria, and in muscle cells in the human body under strenuous activity where oxygen gets depleted.
RespirationThis is the process where organisms convert biochemical energy from nutrients into ATP (adenosine triphosphate), and then release waste products. In most organisms, this involves inhaling oxygen and exhaling carbon dioxide (aerobic respiration).In all living cells including plant and animal cells. There are two types: aerobic (with oxygen) and anaerobic (without oxygen) respiration.
16

To which state does the popular folk singer Teejan Bai belong to?

  1. ((a))

    Gujarat

  2. ((b))

    Manipur

  3. ((c))

    Assam

  4. ((d))

    Chhattisgarh

Show Answer
Answer: ((d))

Chhattisgarh

The correct answer is Chhattisgarh.

Key Points

  • Teejan Bai belongs to Chattisgarh.
  • Teejan Bai is a proponent of Pandavani, a traditional performing art form, from Chhattisgarh.
  • Pandavani is a folk singing style involving narration of tales from the ancient Indian epic Mahabharata.
  • Teejan Bai was born in Ganiyari village, north of Bhilai Chattisgarh, and she belongs to the Pardhi Scheduled Tribe of Chhattisgarh state.​

Additional Information

  • Tambura is a primarily used instrument while performing Pandavani and also helps while describing the characters.
  • Other instruments also include Harmonium, Tabla, Dholak and Manjira.
  • Punaram Nishad, Chetan Dewangan, and Jhaduram Dewangan are some other famous Pandavani exponents in India.
  • She has been awarded the Padma Shri in 1988, Padma Bhushan in 2003, and Padma Vibhushan in 2019 by the Government of India, besides 1995 Sangeet Natak Akademi Award in 1995
StateGovernorChief Minister
PunjabShri Banwarilal PurohitBhagwant Mann
RajasthanHaribhau Kisanrao BagadeBhajan Lal Sharma
West BengalDr. C. V. Anand BoseMamta Banerjee
ChhattisgarhAnusuiya UikeyBhupesh Baghel
17

In March 2022, the Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation and the Maharashtra government have their first-ever climate action plan, Mumbai Climate Action Plan (MCAP), to eliminate carbon emissions by ________.

  1. ((a))

    2030

  2. ((b))

    2050

  3. ((c))

    2040

  4. ((d))

    2060

Show Answer
Answer: ((b))

2050

The correct answer is 2050.

Key Points

  • The Mumbai Climate Action Plan (MCAP) aims to achieve net-zero carbon neutrality by 2050.
  • This means that the city will have reduced its greenhouse gas emissions to a level where it can absorb any remaining emissions through strategies such as afforestation or soil carbon sequestration.
  • This is a ambitious goal, but it is one that Mumbai is committed to achieving.
  • Key Goals of the MCAP
  • The MCAP has set ambitious goals for Mumbai to achieve by 2050, including:
  • Reduction of 80% of greenhouse gas emissions from 2016 levels
  • Achieving net-zero carbon neutrality by 2050
  • Resilience to climate change impacts, such as heat waves, floods, and sea level rise
18

In which year did the government set up the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB)?

  1. ((a))

    1970

  2. ((b))

    1984

  3. ((c))

    1974

  4. ((d))

    1980

Show Answer
Answer: ((c))

1974

The correct answer is 1974.

Key Points

  • The Central Pollution Control Board was set up by the government in the year 1974.
  • The Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) of India is a statutory organization under the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (Mo.E.F.C.C.).
  • It was established in 1974 under the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974.
  • The CPCB is also entrusted with the powers and functions under the Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981.
  • The board has approximately 500 full-time employees.
  • It Coordinates the activities of the State Pollution Control Boards by providing technical assistance and guidance and also resolves disputes among them.
  • It is the apex organization in the country in the field of pollution control, as a technical wing of MoEFCC.
19

Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?

  1. ((a))

    All chordates have a ventral nerve cord.

  2. ((b))

    All chordates are triploblastic.

  3. ((c))

    All chordates have paired gills. pouches

  4. ((d))

    All chordates have a notochord. 

Show Answer
Answer: ((a))

All chordates have a ventral nerve cord.

The correct answer is All chordates have a ventral nerve cord.

Key Points

Concept:

  • The term Chordata is originated by the two Greek words the 'Chorda' means 'thick string' and the 'Ata' means 'to have'.
  • The overall meaning of the word is the presence of the notochord, so chordates are the animals having notochord in their life span.
  • Notochord supports the body of these animals.

Explanation:

  • The Fundamental Characters Of Chordates Are:
  1. Presence of Notochord: In the embryonic stage of chordate animals there is a solid stick-like structure (Just below the central nervous system and above the alimentary canal), this is called the notochord.
  2. Presence of dorsal tubular nerve cord: In chordates, the nervous system is present at the dorsal surface of the body. The nerve cord is the hollow, tubular structure present just below the body wall and above the notochord.
  3. Presence of pharyngeal gill clefts: In every chordate, there is a presence of a pair of lateral gill clefts in the wall of the pharynx for respiration. These may be present in any stage of its life span like in higher chordates gill clefts are present only in the embryonic stage not in adults.
  4. Post-anal tail: It is the post-anal part of the body. The tail is reduced or absent in many adult chordates.
  • Other important characters of chordates include the presence of a ventral heart.

Mistake Points

  • Chordates have a dorsal central nervous system and not the ventral.
20

The white blood cells in human blood are also called: 

  1. ((a))

    leukocytes

  2. ((b))

    erythrocytes

  3. ((c))

    melanocytes

  4. ((d))

    granulocytes 

Show Answer
Answer: ((a))

leukocytes

The correct answer is leukocytes.

Key Points

  • White Blood Cells (WBCs)
  • WBC-white blood cells are also called leukocytes or leucocytes.
  • They are cells of the immune system, which is mainly responsible for:
  • Protecting and fighting against invading pathogens.
  • Stimulates the production of the progesterone hormone
  • Play a vital role in the human reproductive system by producing a network of blood vessels within the ovary.
  • On average, the total count of white blood cells in every microliter of blood ranges between 4 and 11 thousand, and a healthy person will produce around 80 to 100 billion white blood cells every day.
  • The lifespan of white blood cells ranges between 13 and 20 days.
  • White blood cells are nucleotide blood cells that are white in color, hence they are called white blood cells.
  • These blood cells are characterized as granulocytes and agranulocytes.

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Additional Information

  • Blood
  • It is the only fluid connective tissue, which functions by circulating and transporting oxygen, nutrients, and other essential minerals to various cells and tissues of our body.
  • In humans, blood is mainly composed of plasma, blood cells, and platelets. Overall, blood makes up 7 to 8 percent of total body weight, and an average, healthy person possesses around 5 to 6 liters of blood.
  • A drop of blood contains millions of red blood cells, thousands of white blood cells, and lakhs of blood platelets.
  • Overall, a healthy adult human body comprises approximately 1.325 gallons of blood cells.
  • Types of Blood Cells
  • Erythrocytes (Red blood cells)
  • Leucocytes (White blood cells)
  • Thrombocytes (Blood Platelets)

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