DSSSB PRT Official Paper 6 Oct 2018 Shift 2 (Previous Year Paper)

The logic that follows here is:

Odd digits in the number 745832 are = 7, 5, and 3

Even digits in the number 745832 are = 4, 8, and 2

Therefore,

Sum of odd digits = 7 + 5 + 3  = 15

Sum of even digits = 4 + 8 + 2 =14

Now, the difference between the sum of the odd digits and the sum of the even digits = 15 - 14 = 1

Hence, the correct answer is 1.

The logic that follows here is:

1) The flag of China was to the left of the Indian tricolor and to the right of the flag of Japan.

⇒ Japan - China - India 

2) The flag of Lanka was to the right of the Indian flag, but to the left of the flag of Pakistan, which was to the left of the flag of Bangladesh.

⇒ Japan - China - India - Sri Lanka - Pakistan - Bangladesh

Therefore, Japan and Sri Lanka's flag were in the middle.

Hence, the correct answer is India and Sri Lanka.

According to the English alphabet series and its positional value

The pattern that follows here is:

⇒ 3 + 0 = 3

⇒ 3 + 1 + 14 = 18

⇒ 3 + 15 + 13 + 16 + 21 + 20 + 5 + 18 = 111

Hence, the correct answer is 111.

According to the sequence in the dictionary.

The correct order of the given words is:

3) Hobble

4) Hobby

2) Holiday

1) Horse

Therefore, the third word is Holiday.

Hence, the correct answer is Holiday.

Additional Information1. First of all, check the common letter in all. 

2. Arrange them according to the alphabet they come first. 

3. When common letters are arranged, then go for the rest.

The logic that follows here is:

Athletics games are performed in stadium.

Similarly,

Skating is performed on ice rink.

Hence, the correct answer is Rink.

Additional InformationRink: It is an area of ice for skating or ice hockey.

Court: It is a quadrangular area where ball games such as tennis or squash are being played.

Pitch: It is 22 yard long and 10 feet wide strip on which game of cricket is being played.

Total sales = Total number of units sold by company × Average Price

The company sold 10000 units of product A and no other product in line for selling.

Therefore, the Total number of units sold by the company = 10000

Total sales = 10000 × 34

Total sales = 340000 Rs.

Therefore, the data in statements I and II are necessary to answer this question.

Hence, the correct answer is Option 1).

The logic that follows here is:

Therefore, Kavya is now facing South-West direction.

Hence, the correct answer is South-West.

Preparing a family tree using the following symbols.

Therefore, from the above tree diagram, it is clear that A's maternal uncle is E.

Hence, the correct answer is Option 2).

The given series is

0, 7, 26, 63, 124, 215, ____ , 511

The pattern that follows here is

Hence, the correct answer is 342.

Alternate Method1³ - 1 = 0

2³ - 1 = 7

3³ - 1 = 26

4³ - 1 = 63

5³ - 1 = 124

6³ - 1 = 215

7³ - 1 = 342

8³ - 1 = 511

Hence, "342" is the correct answer.

The logic that follows here is:

1) Ruba is shorter than Bina but longer than Kiruba.

Bina > Ruba > Kiruba

2) Neema is relatively Shorter than Kiruba.

Bina > Ruba > Kiruba > Neema

3) Jayshree is taller than Neema.

Jayshree > Neema

4) Bina is relatively taller than Jayshree

Bina > Jayshree > Neema

Therefore, the order form is

Bina > Ruba > Kiruba > Neema and Bina > Jayshree > Neema

As there is no direct relationship is given among Ruba, Kiruba, and Jayshree, we cannot arrange all of them in a single order.

But, from the above relationships, it is clear that Neema is the shortest among all of them.

Hence, the correct answer is Neema.

The given series is

The figure which will complete the following series is

Therefore, the complete series is

Hence, the correct answer is Option 3).

The given diagram is

The number of straight lines are

Therefore, there are 12 straight lines.

Hence, the correct answer is 12.

Preparing a family tree using the following symbols.

Therefore, Rekha is Vijay's mother.

Hence, the correct answer is Mother.

The given positions of the dies are: 

Consider the positions of the dice 1 and 3. Face 9 is common for both positions, keep that face constant and move in a clockwise direction, we get the faces opposite to each other.

The face opposite to 2 is face 5, face opposite to 8 is face 4.

Therefore, the face opposite to 9 is face 7.

Hence, the correct answer is 7.

The given equation is 

(10 N 5) L (4 N 4) M 6

Convert the above equation into a mathematical form.

(10 × 5) + (4 × 4) - 6

Now, solve the equation using the 'BODMAS' rule.

The 'BODMAS' rule is

Therefore, the equation becomes

⇒ 50 + 16 - 6

⇒ 60

Hence, the correct answer is 60.

The logic that follows here is:

Hence, the correct answer is Option 2).

The logic that follows here is:

Learning, Writing, and Reading are the things that make a human being a knowledgeable person.

Hence, the correct answer is Knowledge.

The least possible Venn diagram is

Conclusions:

I. All those who eat well are good players → False (As this is possible but not definite)

II. All who win eat well → False (As there is no relationship is given between all who win and who eat well)

Hence, Neither conclusion I nor II follows.

The logic that follows here is:

1) Akbar finished the race ahead of Manish but behind Ganesh

Ganesh > Akbar > Manish

2) Ragul finished the race ahead of Sanjay but behind Manish

Manish > Ragul > Sanjay

Therefore, the correct order is 

Ganesh > Akbar > Manish > Ragul > Sanjay

From the above order, it is clear that Ganesh won the race.

Hence, the correct answer is Ganesh.

Given:

40% of the adults are illiterate

85% of the children are literate

Ratio of adults to children = 2 : 3

Calculation:

Let the total adults and children in the village be x and y respectively

According to the question:

x/y = 2/3

Total population = 5 units

Literate adults = (100 - 40)% of x = 0.6x = 1.2 units

Literate children = 0.85y = 2.55 units

Total literates = 1.2 + 2.55 = 3.75

∴ Percentage of literate population = (3.75/5) × 100 = 75%

Alternate Method

Let, there are 'X' number of adults and 'Y' number of children's are there in the village.

Suppose the sum of adults and children of the village is 100.

⇒ X + Y = 100      ----(1)

The ratio of adults to children is 2 : 3

⇒ X / Y = 2 / 3

⇒ X = (2 / 3) Y

Put the value of 'X' in equation (1), we get,

⇒ (2 / 3) Y + Y = 100

⇒ 5 Y = 300

⇒ Y = 60

Therefore, X = 40

Now, it is given that 40% of the adults are illiterate 

⇒ 40 × 0.4 = 16

Therefore, 16 adults are illiterate in the village, which means,

⇒ 40 - 16 = 24 adults are literate

Now, 85% of the children are literate.

⇒ 60 × 0.85 = 51 children are literate.

⇒ Total number of literate = 51 + 24 = 75

Therefore literate population is (75 / 100) × 100 = 75%

Hence, the correct answer is 75%

The correct answer is Rajya Sabha and Lok Sabha.

• The Vice-President is elected by Rajya Sabha and Lok Sabha and is a member of the electoral college.

Key Points

• The Vice-President
• S/he occupies the second-highest office in the country.
• S/he is accorded a rank next to the President in the official warrant of precedence.
• This office is modelled on the lines of the American Vice-President.

Important Points

• Election:
• ​The Vice-President, like the president, is elected not directly by the people but by the method of indirect election.
• He is elected by the members of an electoral college consisting of the members of both Houses of Parliament.
• Thus, this electoral college is different from the electoral college for the election of the President in the following two respects:
• It consists of both elected and nominated members of the Parliament (in the case of the president, only elected members).
• It does not include the members of the state legislative assemblies (in the case of the President, the elected members of the state legislative assemblies are included).
• Qualifications
• ​To be eligible for election as Vice-President, a person should fulfil the following qualifications:

1. He should be a citizen of India.

2. He should have completed 35 years of age. Hence, statement a is incorrect.

3. He should be qualified for election as a member of the Rajya Sabha.

4. He should not hold any office of profit under the Union government or any state government or any local authority or any other public authority.

• But, a sitting President or Vice-President of the Union, the governor of any state and a minister for the Union or any state is not deemed to hold any office of profit and hence qualified for being a candidate for Vice-President.
• Further, the nomination of a candidate for election to the office of Vice-President must be subscribed by at least 20 electors as proposers and 20 electors as seconders.
• Every candidate has to make a security deposit of ₹15,000 in the Reserve Bank of India.
• Conditions of Office
• ​The Constitution lays down the following two conditions of the Vice-President’s office:
• He should not be a member of either House of Parliament or a House of the state legislature.
• If any such person is elected Vice-President, he is deemed to have vacated his seat in that House on the date on which he enters upon his office as Vice-President.
• He should not hold any other office of profit.

The correct answer is 81.4%.

Key Points

• The average literacy rate of Sikkim as per the 2011 census was 81.4%.
• The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO) has drafted a definition of literacy as the "ability to identify, understand, interpret, create, communicate, compute and use printed and written materials associated with varying contexts. Literacy involves a continuum of learning enabling individuals to achieve their goals, to develop their knowledge and potential, and to participate fully in their community and wider society".
• In India literacy rate is calculated as the overall proportion of an area's population aged seven years or older at a given moment who can read and write with comprehension.

Additional Information

• According to National Statistical Office (NSO) data, India’s average literacy rate is 77.70% & male literacy at the India level in 2021 stands at 84.70% & female literacy stands at 70.30%.
• Kerala has the highest literacy rate of 96.2%.
• The Office of the Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India under the Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India, conducts Census every 10 years.
• Mr. Prem Singh Tamang is the 6^th and the current Chief Minister of Sikkim.
• Mr. Ganga Prasad is the current Governor of Sikkim.

The correct answer is Ghagra.

Key Points

• Karnali river is also known as the Ghagra river.
• It is a perennial transboundary river that rises on the Tibetan Plateau near Lake Manasarovar. It flows through Nepal's Himalayas before joining the Sharda River near Brahmaghat in India.
• The Ghaghara River runs 1,080 kilometers from its headwaters in Bihar to its confluence with the Ganges near Revelganj. It is the Ganges' greatest tributary by volume and the Ganges' second-longest tributary by a length after the Yamuna.

Additional Information

• The Karnali River Basin is located between the Nepalese Dhaulagiri and Uttarakhand's Nanda Devi mountain ranges.
• Its tributaries include the rivers Khekhra, Hirna, Jethan, Maun, Duhari, Kanchi, and Koilar.

The correct answer is Narendra Modi.

Key Points

• The 10^th BRICS Summit was convened in South Africa.
• Its theme was "BRICS in Africa:
• Collaboration for Inclusive Growth and Shared Prosperity in the 4^th Industrial Revolution".
• The abbreviation BRICS refers to the five key rising economies of Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa.
• The BRICS nations are well-known for wielding tremendous power in regional affairs.
• Since 2009, the governments of the BRICS countries have gathered in official summits on an annual basis.
• India virtually hosted the most recent 13^th BRICS summit on September 9, 2021.
• The BRICS summit is attended by heads of government.

Additional Information

• Arun Jaitely was an Indian politician who served as Union Minister of Finance and Corporate Affairs.
• Sushma Swaraj was an Indian politician who served as Minister of External Affairs.
• Rajnath Singh is an Indian politician who is currently serving as the Defence Minister of India.
• He has also served as Home Minister of India.

The correct answer is Aspartame.

• Aspartame is an artificial sweetener.

Key Points

• Artificial Sweetness: 
• It's widely used in foods and drinks as a sugar substitute.
• These do not impart any calories to the body.
• Since these substances are excreted through urine.
• For example:
• Aspartame: It is used in cool drinks and ice-creams.
• Alitame: It is 2000 times sweeter than sucrose.
• It was first produced in 1965 and approved by the United States for use in food products.

Additional Information

• Other artificial sweeteners-
• Sucrolase - 650 times sweeter than Sucrose.
• Cyclamate - 7 times sweeter than sucrose.
• L-Sugars - are sweet but do not provide Energy.
• Beta carotene is a precursor of Vitamin A.
• It is a compound that gives yellow, orange, and red colours to vegetables.

The correct answer is Rs. 2450.

Key Points

• The Minimum Support Price of Jawar (Maldandi) in the 2018-2019 season was Rs 2450 per quintal.
• The Minimum Support Price of Jawar (Maldandi) in the 2021-2022 season was Rs 2758 per quintal.
• The Minimum Support Price is a kind of market intervention used by the Government of India to protect agricultural farmers against significant drops in farm prices.
• The Government of India announces minimum support prices for specific crops at the start of the sowing season based on the recommendations of the Commission for Agricultural Costs and Prices.
• MSP is fixed on the recommendations of the Commission for Agricultural Costs and Prices (CACP), which is an apex advisory body for pricing policy under the Ministry of Agriculture

The correct answer is Only 1.

Key Points

• GDP is the NDP calculated after adjusting the weight of the value of depreciation.
• Net Domestic Product (NDP) is GDP estimated after correcting for the weight of depreciation's value.
• This is essentially the net version of GDP, i.e., GDP minus the total value of the wear and tear (depreciation) that occurred in the assets while the products and services were created.
• NDP = GDP - Depreciation
• Gross National Product (GNP) is a country's GDP plus its foreign revenue.
• Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is the total worth of all final products and services produced within the borders of a country in a given year.

The correct answer is Gravitational force.

• While pulling or lifting an object, negative work is done by Gravitational force.

Key Points

• Work done can be positive, negative, or zero. When a body is being lifted in the upward direction, the force of gravity is acting in the downward direction.
• But, the displacement of the body is in the upward direction. Since the angle between the force and displacement is 180 degrees, the work done by the gravitational force on the body is negative.
• Hence for negative work done, the angle between force and displacement is 180°.
• Gravitational Force:
• Mathematically, it is represented as:
• \(F= {GMm\over r^2}\)
• Where,
• F is the gravitational force
• G is gravitational constant
• M is the mass of the first particle
• m is the mass of the second particle
• r is the distance between them.
• This is called Newton’s universal law of gravitation.
• The value of G is 6.67 × 10^-11 N m²/kg².

The correct answer is Greater Himalayas.

• Kangchenjunga comes under Greater Himalayas.

Key Points

• The Himalayas may be divided into the following four divisions from north to south:
• The Trans-Himalayas
• The Trans-Himalayas is about 40 km wide. They contain the Tethys sediments.
• The Greater Himalayas
• The Greater Himalayas rise abruptly like a wall north of the Lesser Himalayas.
• The Main Central Thrust separates the Greater Himalayas from the Lesser Himalayas.
• The Greater Himalayas are about 25 km wide with an average height above 6100 meters.
• Almost all the lofty peaks of the Himalayas Mb Everest, Kanchanjunga, Nanga-Parbat, Gasherbrum, Manaslu, Dhaulagiri, Annapurna, Gosainthan, Cho-Cyu, Nanda-Devi, Kamet, Badrinath, etc. Nanda Devi, etc., lie in this zone.
• Some of the important passes include Zojila Pass (connects Srinagar and Leh), Shipki La Pass, Burzil Pass, Nathu La Pass etc
• Important glaciers include the Rongbuk glacier, Gangotri, Zemu etc
• The Lesser Himalayas
• The width of the Lesser Himalayas is about 80 km with an average height of 1300-4600 m. It is divided into the Pir Panjal range and the Dhauladhar range. Important places are Kullu Manali,Shimla etc.
• The Shiwaliks or Outer Himalayas
• The Shiwaliks extend from the Jammu Division of Jammu and Kashmir State to Assam.
• In width, Shiwaliks vary from 8 km in the east to 45 km in the west with an average elevation of about 1000- 1500 m above sea level.
• It is not a continuous range.​

The correct answer is National Commission for Backward Classes.

• The full form of NCBC is National Commission for Backward Classes.

Key Points

• National Commission for Backward Classes:
• The National Commission for Backward Classes was established under the National Commission for Backward Classes Act, 1993 on 14^th August 1993.
• National Commission for Backward Classes comprises of Chairman and 4 members.
• The Chairman of the National Commission for Backward Classes must be the judge of the Supreme court or the High Court.
• The term of office of the member and chairman is 3 years.
• The chairman and other members of the commission are appointed by the President of India.
• They may be removed or resigned to the President
• The first Chairman of the National Backward Commission was RN Prasad.
• The Current Chairman of the commission is V. Eshwaraiah.
• 102^nd Constitutional Amendment, 2018 provides Constitutional status to National Commission for Backward Classes.
• Article 338B of the Indian Constitution deals with National Commission for Backward Classes.

Additional Information 

• Article 338A of the Indian Constitution deals with National Commission for Scheduled Tribes.
• Article 338 of the Indian Constitution deals with National Commission for Scheduled Castes.

The correct answer is Municipal corporation and holding elections for it.

• To establish a Municipal corporation and hold elections for it the 74^th Amendment was passed.

Key Points

• Municipal Corporation:
• After the 74^th Amendment of the Indian constitution was enacted there are only three categories of municipalities:
• Mahanagar Nigam (Municipal Corporation),
• Nagar Palika (Municipality),
• Nagar Panchayat (Notified Area Council or City Council).
• Municipal corporations are created for the administration of big cities like Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata, Hyderabad, Bangalore and others.
• They are established in the states by the acts of the concerned state legislatures, and in the union territories by the acts of the Parliament of India.
• There may be one common act for all the municipal corporations in a state or a separate act for each municipal corporation.
• A municipal corporation has three authorities, namely, the council, the standing committees and the commissioner.
• The Council is the deliberative and legislative wing of the corporation.
• It consists of the Councillors directly elected by the people, as well as a few nominated persons having knowledge or experience of municipal administration.
• In brief, the composition of the Council including the reservation of seats for SCs, STs and women is governed by the 74^th Constitutional Amendment Act.

The correct answer is 400 m.

Key Points

• At the IAAF World U20 Championships, Hima Das became the first Indian athlete to win a gold medal in a 400m race track event.
• She participated in the 400m and 4400m relay at the 2018 Commonwealth Games in Gold Coast, Australia, in April 2018.
• She won the 400 m final at the World U-20 Championships 2018 in Tampere, Finland, on July 12, 2018, clocking 51.46 seconds, and became the first Indian sprinter to win a gold medal at an international track event.
• On September 25, 2018, the President of India bestowed the Arjuna Award upon her.
• Under Assam's Integrated Sport Policy, she was appointed as a Deputy Superintendent of Police (DSP) in Assam Police.

The correct answer is Debendranath Tagore.

Key Points

• Debendranath Tagore
• Debendranath Tagore was born to the Tagore family in Jorasanko, popularly known as Jorasanko Thakur Bari.
• He was the founder in 1848 of the Brahmo religion, which today is also recognized as Brahmoism.
• The "Tattwabodhini Sabha" was established by Debendranath Tagore at Calcutta in 1839 AD.
• Its main purpose is to propagate the ancient culture of India and the thought of Raja Rammohan Roy.
• A magazine "Tattwabodhini Patrika" published by "Tattwabodhini Sabha" in the Bengali language.
• The great thinker like "Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar" and "Ashwani Kumar Dutt" joined the Bramha Samaj.
• The Tattwabodhini Sabha was dissolved into the Bramha Samaj by Debendranath Tagore in 1859.

Additional Information

• Keshab Chandra Sen was a social reformer from Bengal.
• In 1856 he became a member of the Brahmo Samaj.
• On 24^th January 1868, Keshab Chandra Sen laid the foundation stone of his mandir called the Tabernacle of New Dispensation.
• Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar:
• He was a great scholar and reformer.
• In 1850, he became the principal of Sanskrit College.
• He opened the Sanskrit College to non-brahmins.
• He started a movement in support of widow remarriage which resulted in the legalisation of widow remarriage.
• He was also a campaigner against child marriage and polygamy.
• He wrote the books Varna Parichay and Som Prakash.

The correct answer is Dr Verghese Kurien.

• Dr Verghese Kurien is known as 'Milkman of India'.

Key Points

• Dr Verghese Kurien (1921-2012):
• Dr Verghese Kurien (Milk Man of India).
• He is known as the "Father of the White Revolution" in India.
• He is famous for his ‘Operation Flood’, which is known as the world’s largest agricultural program.
• He also played a key role in the establishment and success of Amul Brand.
• Because of his efforts only, India became the largest producer of milk in 1998, surpassing the U.S.
• He also helped manage the Delhi Milk Scheme and corrected the prices. He also helped India become self-sufficient in edible oils.
• He was honoured with several awards, including the Ramon Magsaysay Award (1963), Krishi Ratna (1986), and World Food Prize (1989).
• He is also the recipient of India's highest civilian awards- Padma Shri (1965), Padma Bhushan (1966), and Padma Vibhushan (1999).

The correct answer is 395, 8.

• The original constitution consisted of 395 articles and 8 schedules.

Key Points

• The Constitution of India is the longest written constitution of any sovereign nation in the world.
• The original text of the Constitution contained 395 articles in 22 parts and 8 schedules.
• It came into effect on January 26, 1950, the day that India celebrates each year as Republic Day.
• The number of articles has since increased to 448 due to 105 amendments.

The correct answer is Mathematics.

Key Points

• Akshay Venkatesh is an Australian mathematician and professor at the School of Mathematics at the Institute for Advanced Study.
• He is the first Australian to have won medals in both the International Physics Olympiad and the International Mathematical Olympiad at the age of 12.
• He received the Fields Medal in 2018 for his integration of analytic number theory, homogeneous dynamics, topology, and representation theory.
• He was born in New Delhi.
• He has contributed to a broad range of mathematical disciplines, including number theory, automorphic forms, representation theory, locally symmetric spaces, and ergodic theory, both independently and in collaboration with other mathematicians.

The correct answer is 1320 - 1413/1414.

• The reign of Tughlaq was from 1320 - 1413/1414.

Key Points

• The Tughlaq Dynasty(1320 AD-1414 AD):
• Ghiyath al-Din Tughluq or Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq was the founder of the Tughluq dynasty in India who reigned over the Sultanate of Delhi from 1320 to 1325.
• He founded the city of Tughlaqabad.
• He started the construction of canals and formulation of a famine policy.
• Mohammad Bin Tughlaq ruled from 1325 AD-1351 AD.
• Firoz Shah Tughlaq was in power in Delhi from 1351 to 1388.
• He was the third ruler of the Tughlaq dynasty after the death of Mohammad-bin Tughlaq.
• He wrote his autobiography called Futuhat-e-Firozshahi.
• After Firoz Shah Tughlaq, Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq Shah-I succeeded.
• He was replaced by Abu Bakr Shah in 1389 AD.
• Abu Bakr was replaced by Nasiruddin Muhammad in 1390 AD.
• Nasir-ud-Din Mahmud Shah Tughluq (also called Muhammad Tughluq) was the last sultan of the Tughlaq dynasty to rule the Islamic Delhi Sultanate.
• He ruled the Delhi Sultanate from 31 August 1390 to 20 January 1394.
• Nasiruddin Mohammad was replaced by Alauddin Sikandar Shah for brief in 1394 AD but regained the throne after Sikandar’s death.
• He ruled till 1414 AD.

The correct answer is Maharashtra.

• "Tamasha" is a folk dance of Maharashtra.

Key Points

• Tamasha is a folk dance of Maharashtra.

• Tamasha is a traditional form of Marathi theatre, which includes singing and dancing.

• It is performed by local or travelling theatre groups.

• Dashavatar personifies the ten incarnations of Lord Vishnu and performed widely in Konkan speaking regions.

• Other folk dances of Maharashtra are Lavani, Koli, Dindi, Dhangari Gaja

Additional Information

• The folk dances of Uttar Pradesh are Raslila, Mayur, and Khyal dance.
• The folk dances of Jharkhand are Jhumair, Domkach, Paika, Chhau.
• The folk dances of Rajasthan are Chari Dance, Ghoomar Dance, Bhavai Dance, Gair Dance, Gawari Dance, Kalbelia Dance.

The correct answer is Consumer Price Index for the Rural Laborers.

Key Points

• The Consumer Price Index, or CPI as it is commonly known, is an index that measures retail inflation in the economy by collecting changes in the prices of the most commonly used goods and services by consumers.
• CPI, also known as a market basket, is determined for a set list of products such as food, housing, clothing, transportation, electronics, medical care, education, and so on.
• CPI RL at the base year 1986-87 for December 2021 is 1106.
• The Consumer Price Index for Agricultural Labourers (AL) and the Consumer Price Index for Rural Labourers (RL) are indexed for agricultural labour and rural labour households, respectively.

The correct answer is Haryanka.

• Haryanka dynasty was not a dynasty of South India.

Key Points

• Haryanaka dynasty was from North India.
• Haryanaka Dynasty (544 BC-412 BC):
• Bimbisara**(544 BC-492 BC)**:
• Bimbisara was the founder of the Haryanka Dynasty.
• He was a contemporary of Buddha.
• He started the policy of annexation and expansion.
• He was succeeded by his son Ajatashatru.
• Ajatashatru(492 BC-460 BC):
• He followed a more serious and aggressive policy of expansion.
• He won the long war with the Kosala in the form of a marriage alliance with the daughter of the Kosala king.
• Ajatashatru was succeeded by Udayin. Udayin built the city Patilputra (Patna).
• The Last King Nagadashak was killed by his own minister Sisunaga, who started the Sisunaga Dynasty.
• Udayin(460 BC-440 BC)​
• Udayin was the son of Ajatshatru.
• He laid the foundation of Patliputra.
• Udayin had shifted the capital from Rajgriha to Patliputra.
• Patliputra is now known as Patna.

Given:

Rs. 19440 is divided among A, B and C

4A = 6B = 3C

Calculation:

4A = 6B = 3C

⇒ Divide all by 12(LCM of 4, 6, 3)

⇒ A/3 = B/2 = C/4

⇒ A : B : C = 3 : 2 : 4

B's share = 2 units out of total 3 + 2 + 4 = 9 units

Share of B = (2/9) × 19440 = Rs. 4320

∴ Share of B is Rs. 4320.

Formula used:

(a + b)² = a² + b² + 2ab

(a - b)2 = a2 + b2​ - 2ab

Calculation:

\(\dfrac{(269 + 831)^2 + (269 - 831)^2}{(2.69)^2 + (8.31)^2}\)

By multiplying both numerator and denominator by 10000 and also expanding the numerator:

⇒ 10000[\(\dfrac{(269^2 + 831^2 + 2 \times 269 \times 831) + (269^2 + 831^2 - 2 \times 269 \times 831)}{(269)^2 + (831)^2}\)]

⇒ 10000[\(\dfrac{2(269^2 + 831^2)}{(269)^2 + (831)^2}\)]

⇒ 20000

∴ \(\dfrac{(269 + 831)^2 + (269 - 831)^2}{(2.69)^2 + (8.31)^2}\) = 20000

Given:

When a person sells 30 articles, he incurs a profit equal to the selling price(SP) of 5 articles

Formula used:

Profit% = (Profit/CP) × 100

Profit = SP - CP

CP = Cost price

Calculation:

Let the SP of one article = s

Total SP = 30s

⇒ Profit = 5s

Let the CP of 1 article = c

Total CP = 30c

⇒ 5s = 30s - 30c

⇒ s/c = 6/5

⇒ There is 1 unit profit on 5 units of CP

Profit% = (1/5) × 100

∴ Profit = 20%

Given:

HCF of two numbers = 18

Product of the numbers = 8748

Concept:

Co prime numbers are those numbers that have only 1 as their common factor 

Calculation:

Since 18 is the HCF of the numbers

Hence, numbers can be written in the form of 18x and 18y; where x and y are natural numbers and co-prime to each other

⇒ 18x.18y = 8748

⇒ xy = 27

The pairs possible following the condition of co-prime:

(1, 27)

⇒ Pair of numbers:

(18, 486)

Sum of their reciprocals = 1/18 + 1/486 = 14/243

∴ Sum of their reciprocals is 14/243.

Given: 

The boat can cover 7.5 km upstream and 9 km downstream distance in total 2 hours

Also, it can cover 9 km upstream and 15 km downstream distance in total 2 hours 45 minutes(11/4 hours)

Formula used:

Speed = distance/time

Upstream speed(u) = b - w

Downstream speed(d) = b + w

b = speed of the boat in still water

w = speed of the stream

Calculation:

According to the question:

(7.5/u) + (9/d) = 2

⇒ 7.5d + 9u = 2ud     ----eq.3

⇒ 22ud = 82.5d + 99u     ----eq.1

(9/u) + (15/d) = 11/4

⇒ 9d + 15u = 11/4(ud)

⇒ 72d + 120u = 22ud     ----eq.2

By comparing eq.1 and eq.2:

82.5d + 99u = 72d + 120u

⇒ d/u = 2/1

Let d = 2x and u = x

Put in eq.3:

15x + 9x = 4x²

⇒ x = 6

⇒ u = b - w = 6     ----eq.4

⇒ d = b + w = 12     ----eq.5

From eq. 4 and eq.5, w = 3

∴ Speed of the stream = 3 kmph

Calculation:

Given number = 13896 

20³ = 8000; 253 = 15625

⇒ 13896 is somewhere between 20³ and 25³

⇒ 13896 is between 20³ and 25³

Checking for 213 = 9261

Checking for 22³ = 10648

Checking for 23³ = 12167

Checking for 24³ = 13824

Checking for 25³ = 15625

⇒ 13896 lies between 24³ and 25³

13896 - 13824 = 72

Hence, 72 should be subtracted to make it a perfect cube.

∴ Sum of digits = 7 + 2 = 9

Given:

The triangle has its sides as 5 cm, 12 cm, 13 cm

3 circles of radius 2 cm each are drawn at all the three vertices of the triangle.

Formula used:

Area of a circle = πr²

r = radius of the circle

Area of a traingle = bh/2

b = base of the triangle

h = height of the triangle corresponding to the base b

Right-angled triangle property:

Hypotenuse² = perpendicular² + base²

Calculation:

From the dimension of the sides, we can deduce that it is a right angles triangle, as 13² = 5² + 12²

Area of the triangle(T) = (12 × 5)/2 = 30 cm²

Since, sum of all interior angles of a triangle = 180º, hence the area of the circles inside the triangle has a sector angle of 180º in total. Also, the sector angle of a complete circle = 360º

⇒ Area of the circles that is in the part of triangle as well(A) = πr²/2 

⇒ A = [3.14 × (2²)]/2 = 6.28 cm²

∴ Required area = 30 - 6.28 = 23.72 cm²

Given:

Marked price(MP) of the article = Rs. 12400

Selling price(SP) = Rs. 8184

Two successive discounts on MP = 25% and x% respectively

Formula used:

Discount = MP - SP

Discount% = (Discount/MP) × 100

Calculation:

According to the question:

SP = MP(75/100)[(100 - x)/100]

⇒ 8184 = 12400(3/4)[(100 - x)/100]

⇒ 8184/9300 = [(100 - x)/100]

⇒ 88 = 100 - x

⇒ x = 12%

∴The value of x is 12%.

Alternate Method \(0.\bar 4 + 0.5 \bar 9 - 0.4 \overline{23}\)

⇒ 4/9 + (59 - 5)/90 + (423 - 4)/990

⇒ 4/9 + 3/5 - 419/990

⇒ (440 + 594 - 419)/990

⇒ 615/990

⇒ (621 - 6)/990

⇒ \(0.6 \overline{21}\) 

Traditional method:

Calculation:

Let x = \(0.\bar 4\)     ----eq.1

⇒ 10x = \(4.\bar 4\)     ----eq.2

By subtracting eq.1 from eq.2:

9x = 4

⇒ x = 4/9

Let y = \(0.5 \bar 9 \)

⇒ 10y = \(5. \bar 9\)     ----eq.3

⇒ 100y = \(59. \bar 9 \)     ----eq.4

By subtracting eq.3 from eq.4:

90y = 54

⇒ y = 3/5

Let z = \(0.4 \overline{23}\)

⇒ 10z = \(4. \overline{23}\)     ----eq.5

⇒ 1000z = \(423.\overline{23}\)     ----eq.6

By subtracting eq.5 from eq.6:

990z = 419

⇒ z = 419/990

\(0.\bar 4 + 0.5 \bar 9 - 0.4 \overline{23}\) = x + y - z

⇒ 4/9 + 3/5 - 419/990

∴ ​\(0.\bar 4 + 0.5 \bar 9 - 0.4 \overline{23}\)​ = \(0.6 \overline{21}\)

Given:

100 km travelled at 60 km/h and remaining 200 km travelled at 75 km/h

Formula used:

Average speed = Total distance/Total time

Calculation:

Total time = 100/60 + 200/75 = 13/3

Average speed = (100 + 200)/(13/3) = (300 × 3)/13 = 69.2 km/h

∴ Average speed for the whole journey = 69.2 km/h

Concept:

Mean ratio of p : q and r : s is given by √(pr/qs)

Third ratio of p : q and r : s is given by r

Calculation:

Given fractions = 3/16 and 3/4

Mean ratio = √[(3 × 3)/(16 × 4)] = 3/8

Third ratio = 3

Difference between the mean ratio and third ratio = 3 - 3/8 = 21/8

∴ The difference between the mean ratio and third ratio of \(\frac{3}{16}\) and \(\frac{3}{4}\) is 21/8.

Given:

Principal(P) = Rs. 6400

Time period(T) = 2 years

Difference between compound interest(CI) and simple interest(SI) = Rs. 36

Formula used:

SI = (P × R × T)/100

Amount on CI(A) = P[1 + (R/100)]^T

SI = A - P

R = Rate of interest

Difference between CI and SI on same P for 2 years is the interest received on SI of the first year

Calculation:

According to the question:

36 = P[1 + (R/100)]^T - P - (P × R × T)/100

⇒ 36 = P[{1 + (R/100)}² - 1 - 2R/100]

⇒ 36 = 6400/10000[(100 + R)² - 10000 - 200R]

⇒ 225/4 = R²

⇒ R = 15/2 = 7.5

∴ Interest rate = 7.5%

Alternate Method

SI of first-year = P(R/100)

SI on interest of 1^st year = P(R/100) = P(R²/10000)

According to the question:

36 = 6400(R²/10000)

⇒ R = 7.5%

Given:

20 men complete 112 m wall working 8 hours per day in 6 days

Formula used:

(m1 × d1 × h1)/w1 = (m2 × d2 × h2)/w2

m = number of men

d = number of days

h = number of hours

w = work

Calculation:

According to the question:

(20 × 6 × 8)/112 = (25 × 3 × 5)/w2

⇒ w2 = 43.75

∴ 25 men working 5 hours a day for 3 days can build 43.75 m wall.

Given:

Average weight of 42 boys = 48 kg

Average weight of the girls = 44 kg

Average weight of the whole class = 46.1 kg

Formula used:

Average of n numbers = sum of all numbers/n

Calculation:

Total weight of all boys = 42 × 48 = 2016

Let the girls in the class be g

Total weight of all girls = 44g

Total weight of the class = 2016 + 44g = 46.1(42 + g)

⇒ 2016 + 44g = 1936.2 + 46.1g

⇒ g = 38

∴ Total students = 42 + 38 = 80

Concept:

The unit digit of power of a number repeats itself every 4^th time

Calculation:

349 + 4621 - 4327

⇒ (34)(2 × 4) + 1 + (46)^{(5 × 4) + 1} - (43)(6 × 4) + 3

⇒ Unit digit will be determined by unit digit of (341 + 46¹ - 433) 

⇒ Unit digit of 341 = 4

⇒ Unit digit of 461 = 6

⇒ Unit digit of 433 = 7

Hence, unit digit is given by (4 + 6 - 7) hence unit digit will be 3

∴ Unit digit of (34)9 + (46)21 - (43)27 = 3

Total efficiency of all three working together = 4 + 5 + 6 = 15

Total work done in 32 days = 15 × 32

Let B will complete the work in n days, working alone

⇒ 5n = 15 × 32 ⇒ n = 96

Given:

Neha gave Rita 25% of her money

Rita spent 30%, 45% of that money on school fees and books respectively

After spending, Rita had Rs. 1240 with her

Calculation:

Let Neha had initially Rs. n

⇒ Rita received 0.25n 

⇒ 0.25n - (0.3)(0.25n) - 0.45(0.25n) = 1240

⇒ 0.25n - 0.075n - 0.1125n = 1240

⇒ 0.0625n = 1240

⇒ n = 19840

∴ Neha had initially Rs. 19840

Given:

Radius of the sphere is increased by 120%

Formula used:

Surface area(SA) of a sphere = 4πr²

r = radius of the sphere

Calculation:

Let initially the radius of the sphere be r

⇒ Increased radius = 2.2r

Initial SA = 4πr²

Increased SA = 4π(2.2r)² 

Increase in SA = 4π(2.2r)² - 4πr² = 15.36πr²

Percentage increase = (15.36πr²/4πr²) × 100 = 384%

Shortcut TrickFormula for successive percentage increment of x% = (x + x + x²/100)

∴ Percentage increase in area = 120 + 120 + (120 × 120)/100 = 240 + 144 = 384%

Given:

Concept:

Mean is the average of a data

Calculation:

Total number of students = 10 + 15 + 45 + 35 + 15 = 120

Total marks of all students = (10 × 5) + (15 × 15) + (45 × 25) + (35 × 35) + (15 × 45) = 3300

∴ Mean = 3300/120 = 27.5

Given:

Calculation:

Number of students in the class interval 20-30 = 45

Total number of students = 10 + 15 + 45 + 35 + 15 = 120

The total measure of the angle of the pie chart = 360º

∴ Central angle of pie chart for 20-30 interval = (45/120) × 360 = 135º

शुक्ल जी निबंधों का प्रारम्भ प्रायः परिभाषा से करते हैं।

Key Points

• शुक्ल जी के निबंध गंभीर एक विचारपरक होते हैं।
• शुक्ल जी प्रायः निबंध का प्रारंभ परिभाषा से करते है।

Additional Informationमंगलाचरण-

• मंगलाचरण **अर्थ -**शुभ समय , एक विशेष काम के लिए विशेष समय ।
• लिंग - पुल्लिंग।
• वाक्य में प्रयोग-मंगलाचरण के साथ रिया और अमोल की शादी हुई।

सिद्धांत

• समानार्थी शब्द - उसूल , नियम , कायदा।
• परिभाषा - व्यवहार या आचरण के विषय में नीति, विधि, धर्म आदि के द्वारा निश्चित ढंग या प्रतिबंध।

कोशकार रूप' का आशय है,शब्दकोशकार ।

Key Points

इतिहासकार

• जो व्यक्ति इतिहास की जानकारी रखता हो और उसके बारे में पढता हो।
• लिंग - पुल्लिंग ।

शब्दकोशकार

• शब्दकोश एक बडी सूची या ऐसा ग्रन्थ जिसमें शब्दों की वर्तनी,व्याकरणनिर्देश, अर्थ, परिभाषा, प्रयोग और पदार्थ आदिलिखा हो।

समाजशास्त्री

• परिभाषा - समाजशास्त्र का ज्ञाता।
• लिंग - पुल्लिंग।
• एक तरह का - शास्त्रज्ञ।

खज़ानची

• ​वह व्यक्ति जो किसी संस्था, समिति आदि के कोष या ख़ज़ाने का अधिकारी हो।
• खज़ानची एक तरह का अधिकारी होता है।
• लिंग - पुल्लिंग।

हृदयंगम हो जाता है' का अर्थ है -अच्छी तरह समझ में आ जाता है। 

Key Points जो चीज़ हमे मन से या दिल से याद हो जाती है मतलब बहुत ही अच्छी तरह उसे हृदयंगम कहते है। 

Additional Information

वाक्य प्रयोग-श्याम को गणित का पहाड़ा  हृदयंगम हो गया।

शुक्ल जी के निबंधों की विशेषता नहीं है - व्यक्तिपरकता।

Additional Information

गंभीरता

• विलोम शब्द - उद्विग्नता।
• लिंग - स्त्रीलिंग।
• संज्ञा के प्रकार - भाववाचक।
• प्रत्यय - ता।

सूत्रबद्धता

• अर्थ -सूत्ररूप में कहा हुआ।
• लिंग - पुल्लिंग।
• बहुवचन - सूत्र।

'दृष्‍टांत' का अर्थ हैः 'उदाहरण' 

Additional Information

उदाहरण

• किसी को हम कुछ समझाते है बताते है और उन चीज़ को समझाने के लिए आसपास के चीज़ या उससे जुडी हुई चीज़ का उपयोग करते है उसी को उदाहरण कहते है।
• बहुवचन - उदाहरण।
• समानार्थी शब्द - नमूना , मिसाल।
• लिंग - पुल्लिंग।
• संज्ञा के प्रकार - भाववाचक।

कथा

• कथा का मतलब कहानी होता है/एक तरह की कृति होता है।
• समानार्थी शब्द - कहानी , किस्सा।
• लिंग - स्त्रीलिंग।

दृश्‍य

• जो हम आँखों से देखकर उसका दर्शन कर सकते है उसे दृश्‍य कहते है।
• विलोम शब्द - अदृश्य , अदृश्यमान , अदृष्टिगोचर है।
• दृश्‍य  में  गुणवाचक विशेषण है।

व्‍याख्‍या

• किसी चीज़ को विस्तार में समझाना और किसी कठिन चीज़ को सरल वाक्य में समझाते होते हुए उसे अच्छी  तरह पढ़ाना और समझाना को व्याख्या कहते है।
• समानार्थी शब्द - आख्या , आख्या , भाव विस्तार।
• लिंग - स्त्रीलिंग।

'धीरज' भाववाचक संज्ञा का उदाहरण है।

Key Points

• ‘धीरज’ शब्द भाववाचक संज्ञा का उदाहरण है।
• किसी प्राणी या पदार्थ के स्वभाव, गुण, भाव आदि का बोध करने वाले शब्द भाववाचक संज्ञा कहलाते हैं।
• • मीठा, थकान, गुस्सा आदि

Additional Information 

 

दिए गए विकल्पों में 'निरीक्षक' शब्द की वर्तनी शुद्ध है। अत: सही विकल्प 4 ‘निरीक्षक’ है। अन्य सभी शब्दों की वर्तनी त्रुटि पूर्ण हैं।

Key Points 

• ‘निरीक्षक’ का अर्थ ‘जाँच-पड़ताल करने वाला अधिकारी’
• अन्य विकल्प निरिक्षक, नीरिक्षक और नीरीक्षक अशुद्ध वर्तनी है।

Additional Information

दिये गए विकल्पों में से ‘हड़ताल’ शब्द स्त्रीलिंग है। अतः इसका सही उत्तर ‘हड़ताल’ होगा। अन्य विकल्प सही उत्तर नहीं हैं।

जैसे - मजदूरों द्वारा हड़ताल की गई 

Key Points 

अन्य विकल्प:

Additional Information

विशेष: 

सही उत्तर 'अकंटक' होगा। 

Key Points 

• 'जिसमें विघ्न - बाधा न हो'' वाक्यांश के लिए एक शब्द- 'अकंटक' है।

अन्य विकल्प:

Additional Information

दिये गए विकल्पों में से ‘‘बेकाम’ शब्द ‘अव्ययीभाव समास’ का उदाहरण है। 

Key Points 

स्पष्टीकरण:

‘‘बेकाम’ में पहला पद अव्यय है और उसका अर्थ प्रधान है (काम के बिना इसका समास विग्रह है)। इसलिए इसमें अव्ययीभाव समास होगा।

Additional Information

अन्य विकल्प: 

दिए गए विकल्पों मे उचित उत्तर विकल्प 1 ‘विगत’ है। अन्य विकल्प इसके अनुचित उत्तर हैं।

• ‘आगामी’ शब्द का उचित विलोम शब्द ‘विगत’ होगा।
• ‘आगामी’ का अर्थ आगे आने वाला।
• ‘विगत’ का अर्थ बीता हुआ।

Key Pointsअन्य विकल्प:

Additional Information 

'ढाई' शब्द तद्भव शब्दावली का शब्द है।

• ढाई का तत्सम शब्द -- अर्धतृतीय

Key Points

• डाकिनी तत्सम है इसका तद्भव:  डायन
• दाह तत्सम है इसका तद्भव: डाह
• दृष्टि तत्सम है इसका तद्भव: दीठि

Additional Information 

दिए गए विकल्पों में सही उत्तर विकल्प 3 'वारि' है। अन्य विकल्प इसके अनुचित उत्तर हैं।  

Key Points

• दिए गए विकल्पों में से 'अश्व' का पर्यायवाची शब्द 'वारि' नहीं है।
• 'वारि' शब्द जल का पर्यायवाची शब्द है।
• 'वारि' शब्‍द केअन्य पर्यायवाची शब्द हैं - नीर, तोय, अम्बु, उदक, पानी, सलिल, पय, मेघपुष्प, जल
• 'अश्व' के अन्य पर्यायवाची शब्द हैं - हरि, घोड़ा, सैन्धव, वाजि, रविपुत्र, हय,  दधिका, सर्ता, तुरंग।

Additional Information 

दिए गए सभी विकल्पों में पौरुषेय' शब्द में 'एय’ प्रत्यय  है। अन्य सभी विकल्प असंगत हैं। अतः विकल्प 2 ‘एय’ इसका सही उत्तर है।

Key Points

• पौरुषेय = पौरुष + एय। इसमें तध्दित प्रत्यय है।
• पौरुषेय का अर्थ - पुरुष संबंधी।
• एय प्रत्यय से बनने वाले शब्द - गंगा + एय = गांगेय, राधेय, पाथेय
• य प्रत्यय से बनने वाले शब्द - पूज् + य = पूज्य

तद्धित प्रत्यय - जो प्रत्यय क्रिया के मूल रूप (धातु) को छोकर अन्य शब्दों (संज्ञा, सर्वनाम, विशेषण आदि) के साथ जुड़ते हैं, तद्धित प्रत्यय कहलाते हैं।  

Additional Information 

संग्रह' शब्द में सम् उपसर्ग है। अन्य विकल्प असंगत है।

Key Points

Additional Information 

उपर्युक्त विकल्पों में से 'चिड़िया' एक देशज शब्द है। अन्य विकल्पों के शब्द विदेशज हैं। अतः सही विकल्प 'चिड़िया' है।

Key Points

अन्य विकल्प

Additional Information

उत्पत्ति की दृष्टि से 4 प्रकार के शब्द - भेद होते है-

दिए गए विकल्पों में सही उत्तर विकल्प 3 'नयन’ है। अन्य विकल्प इसके अनुचित उत्तर हैं।

Key Points

दिए गए विकल्पों में ‘नयन' शब्द तत्सम है जिसका तद्भव रूप 'नैन' है।  

अन्य विकल्प:

 

 

 

 

 

Additional Information

'उसको नौकरी करने पड़ी।' - इस वाक्य में 'करने' इस अंश में शब्द चयन की अशुद्धि है।

Key Points

• ‘उसको नौकरी करने पड़ी।' में शब्द लिंग सम्बन्धी अशुद्धि है।
• इस वाक्य में 'करने' के स्थान पर ‘करनी’ का प्रयोग उचित होगा।

Additional Information 

दिए गए विकल्पों में ‘उच्चारण’ का संधि विच्छेद 'उत् + चारण' होगा तथा इसमें व्यंजन संधि है। 

Key Pointsव्यंजन संधि - 

• व्यंजन और व्यंजन या स्वर के मेल से जो परिवर्तन या विकार उत्पन्न होता हे उसे व्यंजन संधि कहा जाता है।
• जब संधि की जाती है तो उनमे पहला वर्ण यदि व्यंजन होता है तथा दूसरा वर्ण यदि व्यंजन या स्वर होता है तो उस प्रकार की संधि को व्यंजन संधि कहा जाता है।

उदाहरण 

उत् + चारण = उच्चारण

Additional Information

इसका सही उत्तर विकल्प 2 ‘गुणवाचक’ होगा। अन्य विकल्प सही उत्तर नहीं हैं।

जैसे - उसका मकान अत्यधिक 'पुराना' है।

Key Points 

Additional Information

The correct answer is 'he failed in the exam'.

Key Points

• Coordinate conjunction: Coordinating conjunctions coordinate or join two or more sentences, main clauses, words, or other parts of speech which are of the same syntactic importance. Also known as coordinators, coordinating conjunctions are used to give equal emphasis to a pair of main clauses. Some of these are- 'but', 'yet', 'so', etc.
• Yet: Yet as a conjunction means ‘but’ or ‘nevertheless’. We use it to show contrast.
• Example: So many questions and yet so few answers.
• Since the first clause is in simple past tense coordinate conjunction 'yet' will be used to join the clause which has a simple past tense structure.
• Thus, 'he failed in the exam' will be used in the blank.

Therefore, the correct sentence is: 'He prepared well for the exam, yet he failed in the exam.'

The correct answer is 'by'.

Key Points

• Preposition: We commonly use prepositions to show a relationship in space or time or a logical relationship between two or more people, places or things. Prepositions are most commonly followed by a noun phrase or pronoun.
• Let's explore options:
• by: used to show the person or thing that does something.
• Example: The roof of the temple was held up by a row of thick stone columns.
• from: used to show the place where someone or something starts.
• Example: What time does the flight from Amsterdam arrive?
• with: used to say that people or things are in a place together or are doing something together.
• Example: I was with Sylvia at that time.
• On: used to show that something is in a position above something else and touching it, or that something is moving into such a position.
• Example: I got on my bike and left.
• Thus, from above, we can conclude 'by' will be used in the blank.

Therefore, the correct sentence is: 'It is half past seven by my watch. '

The correct answer is 'Close-knit'.

Key Points

• Cohesive: united and working together effectively.
• Example: The cohesive framework provided by the language enables the upward transition to all the higher levels.
• Close-knit: (of a group of people) united or bound together by strong relationships and common interests.
• Example: For social primates, safety from predators was primarily accomplished through a close-knit protective social group.
• Thus, from above, we can conclude that the correct answer is option 2.

Additional Information

• course: the route or direction followed by a ship, aircraft, road, or river.
• grand: magnificent and imposing in appearance, size, or style.
• coarse: rough or loose in texture or grain.

The correct answer is 'Doesn't she?'

Key Points

• Question tags: Question tags are short questions at the end of statements. They are mainly used in speech when we want to: 
• confirm that something is true or not, or
• to encourage a reply from the person we are speaking to.
• They are formed with the auxiliary or modal verb from the statement and the appropriate subject.
• A positive statement is followed by a negative question tag while a negative statement is followed by a positive question tag.
• Example: 
• Your sister cooks well, doesn’t she?
• Mohit doesn’t work hard, does he?
• The given sentence is in Simple present tense.
• Simple present tense: Simple present tense is used when an action is happening right now, or when it happens regularly.
• Structure:
• Subject+ do/does+not+ first form of verb or Subject+ V1(s/es)
• Example: He plays soccer.
• Thus, 'Doesn't she?' will be used in the blank.

Therefore, the correct answer is: 'She does most of the work, doesn't she?'

The correct answer is 'I planned to watch a movie but I couldn’t get the ticket and I reached home sad.'

Key Points

• In option 1 and Option 2, the usage of 'and' and 'but' is incorrect because 'and' is used to join two parts of a sentence, one part happening after the other part whereas 'but'  used to introduce an added statement, usually something that is different from what you have said before.
• Option 3 is grammatically and contextually correct.
• In option 4, the usage of 'but' is incorrect in the statement 'but I....sad' because 'but' is used to introduce an added statement, usually something that is different from what you have said before.
• Thus, the correct answer is option 3.

The correct answer is 'lest'.

Key Points

• Let's explore options:
• lest: As a conjunction, it is used to express the intention of preventing (something undesirable); to avoid the risk of.
• Example: He spent whole days in his room, wearing headphones lest he disturb anyone.
• along: As a preposition, it is used to express movement in a constant direction on (a road, path, or any more or less horizontal surface).
• Example: Soon we were driving along a narrow road.
• beside: As a preposition, it is used to express in addition to; apart from.
• Example: He commissioned work from other artists beside Minton.
• From: As a preposition it is used to indicate the point in space at which a journey, motion, or action starts.
• Example: She began to walk away from him.
• Thus, from above we can conclude that the correct answer is option 1.

Therefore, the correct sentence is: 'The robber tiptoed towards the locker, lest he awoke the guards.  '

The correct answer is 'will be playing'.

Key Points

• Let's take a look at the keyword 'tomorrow', it indicates that action will happen in the future.
• Future Continuous tense: The future continuous tense, sometimes also referred to as the future progressive tense, is a verb tense that indicates that something will occur in the future and continue for an expected length of time.
• Structure:
• Subject+ will + be + the present participle (the root verb + -ing).
• Example: Michael will be running a marathon this Saturday.
• Thus, from above we can conclude that 'will be playing' will be used in the blank.
• Therefore, the correct answer is option 4.

The correct sentence is: 'This time tomorrow, I will be playing on the cricket field. '

The correct answer is 'Even though'.

Key Points

• Let's explore options:
• As: As a conjunction it is used to indicate reason or cause of something.
• Example: As it was getting late, I decided to book into a hotel.
• Consequently: As an adverb it is used to indicate the result of somethiing.
• Example: I spent most of my money in the first week and consequently had very little to eat by the end of the holiday.
• Because: As a conjunction it is used to indicate the reason or cause of something.
• Example: We can't go to Julia's party because we're going away that weekend.
• Even though: As a conjunction it is used to express in spite of the fact or belief that.
• Example: Even though he never completed college, he runs a successful software company.
• Thus, from above, we can conclude that 'Even though' will be used in the blank.
• Therefore, the correct answer is option 4.

The correct answer is: 'Even though he didn’t have formal education, he was a genius in mathematics.'

The correct answer is 'Impoverished'.

Key Points

• destitute: without the basic necessities of life.
• Example: The floods left thousands of people destitute.
• impoverished: very poor.
• Example: The locality has a resident population of approximately 81 000, many of whom live in impoverished inner city neighbourhoods.
• Thus, from above, it can be conclude that the correct answer is option 1.

The correct answer is 'taking'.

Key Points

• Let's take a look at the verb 'dislike'.
• There are some verbs which are succeeded by the '-ing' form of verb. These are 'like', 'hate', 'dislike', 'detest', 'love', 'enjoy' etc.
• Example: 
• I love swimming but I hate jogging.
• They always enjoyed visiting their friends.
• Thus, from above we can conclude that 'taking' will be used in the blank.
• Therefore, the correct answer is option 4.

The correct sentence is: 'My puppy dislikes taking a bath. '

The correct answer is 'asked where his walking stick was​.'

Key Points

• The given sentence has an interrogative structure.
• The following steps are followed while changing the narration from direct to indirect (for Interrogative Sentences):
• If reported speech starts with a question word (who, which, what, where etc.), we don't use if/whether as conjunction because the question word itself acts as the conjunction in that case.
• Since reporting verb 'said' is in past tense, the tense of reported speech will be changed. The reported verb is in present indefinite tense it will get changed into past indefinite tense.
• In the indirect speech of the Interrogative sentence, the structure of the sentence is changed into assertive and in place of question mark(?) full stop(.) will be used.
• ​why was he? ---- why he was..
• Thus, from above we can conclude that the correct answer is option 3.

The correct sentence is: *'*My grandpa asked where his walking stick was.'

The correct answer is 'bold'.

Key Points

• Timid: shy and nervous; without much confidence; easily frightened.
• Example: Kieran is a timid child.
• Bold: not frightened of danger.
• Example: She was a bold and fearless climber.
• Thus, from above we can conclude that the correct answer is option 1.

Additional Information

• bald: having a scalp wholly or partly lacking hair.
• humid: marked by a relatively high level of water vapor in the atmosphere.
• pretty: attractive in a delicate way without being truly beautiful or handsome.