DSSSB PRT Official Paper 15 Nov 2019 Shift 1 (Previous Year Paper)

The positions of the letters according to the English alphabet series:

The pattern for this code is as follows;

Hence, "SV76" is the correct answer.

The positions of the letters according to the English alphabet series:

The pattern for this code is as follows;

Similarly;

Hence, "WY" is the correct answer.

The lines that are numbers is represented is 12 + 9 = 21.

Hence, "21" is the correct answer.

The pattern follows here is;

So, in place of 72.5 is 82.5.

72.5 is the wrong term.

Hence, "72.5" is the correct answer.

A team of four members is to be formed 5 boys: P, Q, R, S, and T, and 5 girls: J, K, L, M, and N.

Given the condition to be che

(A) P and M will always be chosen together.

(B) N and L will not be on the same team.

(C) R and T will always be on the same team.

(D) The team must have at least one girl.

Option 1: PMJL

Condition (A) followed.

Condition (B) followed.

Condition (D) followed.

Thus we can say this team can be formed.

Option 2: QSRP

Condition (A) is not followed.

Condition (C) is not followed.

Condition (D) is not followed.

Thus we can say this team cannot be formed.

Option 3: LNQP

Condition (B) is not followed.

Thus we can say this team cannot be formed.

Condition 4: LRTN

Condition (B) is not followed.

Thus we can say this team cannot be formed.

Thus we can see Option ii, iii and iv teams cannot be formed.

Hence, the correct answer is "II, III, and IV".

The positions of the letters according to the English alphabet series:

The pattern for this code is as follows;

ROMD no followed a pattern.

Hence, "ROMD" is the correct answer.

The least possible Venn diagram for the given statements is as below,

Conclusion:

I. No White is Red → False (There is no direct relation between White and Red)

II. Some Yellow are Red → True (As Some Red are Yellow. So, Some Yellow are Red definitely true)

III. Some pink are not Yellow → True (As No Pink are Yellow than Some Pink are not Yellow is true)

Hence, Both conclusions II and III follow.

Additional Information

The positions of the letters according to the English alphabet series:

The pattern for this code is as follows;

And;

Similarly;

Hence, "10511419" is the correct answer.

LOGIC: 

Type on Left Side : Name In Right Side

In option (4) Name in Left Side and Type on Right Side.

Hence, option (4) is the correct answer.

The faces opposite to each other is shown below:

The opposite sides are:

1) 

 → This cube can be formed as no two opposite faces appear together on the same dice. 

2) 

 →  This cube cannot be formed as 

 and 

 faces are opposite faces and no two opposite faces can appear together on the same dice.

3) 

 → This cube cannot be formed as 

 and 

 faces are opposite faces and no two opposite faces can appear together on the same dice.

Hence, ‘option 1’ is the correct answer.

The positions of the letters according to the English alphabet series:

The pattern for this code is as follows;

Similarly;

Hence, "RGM : XLU" is the correct answer.

As per given information;

Clockwise = 372° + 458° = 830° 

Anticlockwise = 476° + 234° = 710° 

Angle = 830° - 710° = 120° (Clockwise)

Hence, initially, pen is in North west direction.

Six girls: F, G, H, J, K, and L.

1. L and K are sitting at extreme ends.

2. Only G is in between F and K.

3. J is to the immediate left of H.

4. G is to the immediate right of F. 

Hence, F is fourth from the left end.

Completing the incomplete pattern;

Hence, option(2) is the correct answer.

According to the given information-

Checking each options one by one;

1) A + Q × R – S ÷ P

S is the wife of P.

2) R + P × S – Q

S is the mother of P.

3) R ÷ S × P + Q

S is the son of P.

4) P × Q ÷ R + S – A

S is the sister of P.

Hence, option (4) is the correct answer.

LOGIC:

P is changed to "-"

M is changed to "+"

In 43 P 16 M 19 = 46 →

43 - 16 + 19

= 62 - 16

= 46 

In 11 M 13 P 12 = 12 →

11 + 13 - 12

= 24 - 12

= 12

Similarly;

In 16 P 18 M 24 = ? →

16 - 18 + 24

= 40 - 18

= 22

Hence, "22" is the correct answer.

The least possible Venn diagram for the given statements is as below,

Conclusion:

I. No A is J → False (As there is no direct relation between A and J)

II. Some A are not M → False (As Some M are A, than we cannot say that Some A are not M)

Hence, Neither conclusion follows.

Additional Information

LOGIC: 

In a row;

Second Figure is inside the Third Figure to get First Figure.

In Row 1:

In Row 3: 

Similarly;

In Row 2:

The correct image is;

Hence, option (1) is the correct answer.

As per the given information;

Hence,  Shweta start walks in the East direction.

The correct Venn diagram representation is:

Hence, option (2) is the correct answer.

The correct answer is Rowlatt Satyagraha.

• Rowlatt Satyagraha organized by Mahatma Gandhi led to the first all-India struggle against the British Government.

Key Points

• Rowlatt Satyagraha was in response to the British government enacting the Anarchical and Revolutionary Crimes Act of 1919, popularly known as the Rowlatt Act.
• Gandhiji called for a countrywide campaign against the Rowlatt Act.
• Rowlatt Act
• This act was passed on the recommendations of the Sedition Committee chaired by Sir Sidney Rowlatt.
• This act had been hurriedly passed in the Imperial Legislative Council despite the united opposition of the Indian members.
• It gave the government enormous powers to repress political activities and allowed the detention of political prisoners without trial for two years.
• Response to Gandhi's Call
• ​Mahatma Gandhi wanted non-violent civil disobedience against such unjust laws, which would start with a hartal on 6 April 1919.
• But before it could be launched, there were large-scale violent, anti-British demonstrations in Calcutta, Bombay, Delhi, Ahmedabad,' Especially in Punjab, the situation became explosive due to wartime repression, forcible recruitments, and ravages of disease.
• In towns across North and West India, life came to a standstill, as shops shut down and schools closed in response to the bandh call.
• During the intense anti-British demonstrations, Punjab also witnessed the Jallianwala Bagh Massacre.

Additional Information

• Gandhiji broke “the salt law” at Dandi shore By conducting the historic Dandi Salt March.
• Gandhi inaugurated The Civil Disobedience Movement from his Sabarmati Ashram.
• Gandhi ceremonially violated the law, manufacturing salt by boiling seawater by reaching Dandi on 6th April 1930.
• The Champaran Satyagraha of 1917 was the first Satyagraha movement led by Gandhi in India and is considered a historically important rebellion in the Indian Freedom Struggle.
• It was a farmer's uprising that took place in the Champaran district of Bihar, India, during the British colonial period.
• The Kheda Satyagraha of 1918, in the Kheda district of Gujarat, India during the period of the British Raj, is a Satyagraha movement organized by Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi.
• It was a major revolt in the Indian independence movement.
• It was the second Satyagraha movement after Champaran Satyagraha.

The correct answer is option 3.

• Laterite soils are mostly shallow and deeply alkaline and deficient in plant nutrients this statement is incorrect.

Key Points

• The first scientific classification of soil was done by Vasily Dokuchaev.
• In India, the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) has classified soils into 8 categories.
• Alluvial Soil, Black Cotton Soil, Red Soil, Laterite Soil, Mountainous or Forest Soil, Arid or Desert Soil, Saline and Alkaline Soil, Peaty, and Marshy Soil are the categories of Indian Soil.
• Laterite is both a soil and a rock type rich in iron and aluminum and is commonly considered to have formed in hot and wet tropical areas.
• Nearly all laterites are of rusty-red coloration, because of high iron oxide content
• Laterite Soil:
• ​These are soft, when they are wet and ‘hard and cloddy’ on drying.
• These are found mainly in the hills of the Western Ghats, Raj Mahal hills, Eastern Ghats, Satpura, Vindhya, Odisha, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, West Bengal, North Cachar Hills, and the Garo hills.
• These are poor in organic matter, nitrogen, potassium, lime, and potash.
• These iron and aluminum-rich soils are suitable for the cultivation of rice, ragi, sugarcane, and cashew nuts.
• Laterite soils originate under tropical and subtropical climates with alternate moist and dry seasons.
• They are prone to erosion and degradation due to their position on the landscape.
• Laterite soils are the result of excessive leaching due to heavy rainfall.
• So that is why option number three is incorrect regarding laterite soil.

The correct answer is Joshna Chinappa.

Key Points

• Joshna Chinappa won the 2019 Senior Women’s National Squash Championship, for the record 17th time.
• She defeated Sunayna Kuruvilla.
• She set a new standard by winning the national squash title for the 17th time to break the long-standing milestone set by Bhuvneshwari Kumari, the 16-time national champion, whose record stood for 27 years.

Additional Information

• Joshna Chinappa is a Squash player from India.
• She was the youngest Indian women's national champion in Squash.
• She was the first Indian to win the British Junior Squash Championship title in the under-19 category.
• She attained a career-high world ranking of World No.10 in July 2016.
• She won a gold medal in South Asian Games held in 2016.
• Notable squash players in India are:
• Saurav Ghosal.
• Dipika Pallikal.
• Ramit Tandon.
• Cyrus Poncha.
• Aparajitha Balamurukan.

The correct answer is Golgi Apparatus.

Key Points

• Golgi Apparatus:
• The Golgi apparatus has multiple names such as Golgi complex or Golgi body.
• It is found in all the eukaryotic cells, plants as well as animals.
• They are membrane-bound organelle present in the cytosol of the cell.
• Its main function is the packaging and secretion of proteins.
• It receives proteins from Endoplasmic Reticulum.
• It packages it into membrane-bound vesicles, which are then transported to various destinations, such as lysosomes, plasma membrane or secretion.
• It is also involved in making lysosomes.
• They also take part in the transport of lipids and the formation of lysosomes.

 

Additional Information

• Lysosomes: These are membrane-bound vesicular structures formed by the process of packaging in the Golgi apparatus.
• These are also called ''Suicidal bags'' because of their phagocytic activity.
• Lysosome keeps the cell clean by digesting any foreign material as well as worn-out cell organelles.

The correct answer is Muqtis.

Confusion Points

• The lands were called Iqta and the landholder was called Iqtadar or Muqti.

Key Points

• The Khilji and Tughluq monarchs appointed military commanders as governors of territories of varying sizes.
• These lands were called Iqta and their holder was called Iqtadar or Muqti.
• The duty of the muqtis was to lead military campaigns and maintain law and order in their Iqtas.
• In exchange for their military services, the muqtis collected the revenues of their assignments as salary.
• They also paid their soldiers from these revenues.
• Control over muqtis was most effective if their office was not inheritable and if they were assigned iqtas for a short period before being shifted.
• Iqtas were both hereditary and appointed.
• They are liable to be shifted.
• These harsh conditions of service were rigorously imposed during the reigns of Alauddin Khalji and Muhammad Tughluq.
• Accountants were appointed by the state to check the amount of revenue collected by the muqtis.

The correct answer is Doha.

Key Points

• The 2019 'World Athletics Championship' was held in Doha Qatar.
• The 2021 edition will be held in Eugene, Oregon.
• The International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF) announced that Budapest will host the 'World Athletics Championship' in 2023.
• Budapest has twice hosted the IAAF world indoor championships and the European athletics championships.
• Budapest is the capital of Hungary.

The correct answer is Tomato - Oxalic acid.

Key Points

• Oxalic acid is a chemical compound that occurs naturally in almost every plant to some degree, including fruit, vegetable and grain plants.
• Tomato contains more than 10 types of acids such as citric acid, malic acid, ascorbic acid, and oxalic acid etc.
• The oxalic acid content of tomatoes is about 50 mg per 100 g serving.
• Very ripe tomatoes generally contain higher oxalate amounts than less mature fruit.

Additional Information

• Some natural sources of acid:

The correct answer is Sheela.

• Sheela has been conferred with the JC Daniel Award, 2019, the highest honor of the Government of Kerala for outstanding contribution to Malayalam cinema.

Key Points

• The J.C. Daniel Award, the highest honor in Malayalam cinema, would not have gone to a more deserving artiste.
• She is only the second woman to get it, after Aranmula Ponnamma in 2005.
• Sheela was Malayalam cinema’s sweetheart for a couple of decades.
• Like many other female actors, Sheela was celebrated more for her success in mainstream films.
• The award comprising a cash prize of ₹5,00,000, a citation, and plaque will be given away at a function here on July 27, Culture Minister A.K. Balan said.
• Sheela who debuted through the Tamil movie Paasam began her career in Malayalam with Bhagyajathakam directed by P. Bhaskaran in 1962.
• She scripted history and entered the Guinness book of records for acting as Prem Nazir’s heroine in 130 films.

Additional Information

• Sreekumar P. K., better known by his stage name Jagathy Sreekumar or Jagathy, is a versatile Indian film actor, director, and playback singer, who has starred in over 1500 Malayalam films in a career spanning almost four decades.
• Rajyalakshmi Chandu is born in South Indian film and television actress.
• She was a prominent lead actress during the 1980s in Telugu, Tamil, Kannada, and Malayalam films.

The correct answer is angiosperm.

Key Points

• Angiosperms are also known as Angiospermae or Magnoliophyta.
• They are flowering and seed-producing plants.
• It consists of 64 orders, 416 families, approximately 13,000 known genera, and 3,00,000 known species.
• Their seeds develop in the ovaries of flowers and are surrounded by a protective fruit.
• Examples of angiosperms are fruits, vegetables, grains, and flowers.
• Angiosperms are classified as Monocotyledons (monocots) and Dicotyledons (dicots) where monocots are flowering plants whose seeds contain only one embryonic leaf or cotyledon and dicots are flowering plants whose seeds contain two embryonic leaves or cotyledons.

Additional Information

• Thallophyta
• The plant body is not differentiated from roots, stems, and leaves.
• They are commonly called algae.
• Bryophyta
• These are small terrestrial plants.
• They show differentiation in the body design, with stem, leaf-like structures, and root-like structures.

The correct answer is He is eligible for further office under the Union or State Government after holding his post.

Key Points

• Comptroller and Auditor General:
• CAG is an independent authority under the Constitution of India.
• He is the head of the Indian Audit & account department and the chief Guardian of Public purse.
• It is the institution through which the accountability of the government and other public authorities (all those who spend public funds) to Parliament and State Legislatures and through them to the people is ensured.
• G. C. Murmu is the incumbent CAG of India.
• The Office of the Comptroller and Auditor General of India was created by the Constitution.
• Office of the Accountant General was established in 1858 (the year the British took over administrative control of India from the East India Company).
• In 1860 Sir Edward Drummond was appointed as the first Auditor-General.

Additional Information

• Constitutional Provisions:
• Article 148 broadly deals with the CAG appointment, oath, and conditions of service.
• Article 149 deals with the Duties and Powers of the Comptroller and Auditor-General of India.
• Article 150 says that the accounts of the Union and of the States shall be kept in such form as the President may, on the advice of the CAG, prescribe.
• Article 151 says that the reports of the Comptroller and Auditor-General of India relating to the accounts of the Union shall be submitted to the president, who shall cause them to be laid before each House of Parliament.
• Article 279 – Calculation of "net proceeds" is ascertained and certified by the Comptroller and Auditor-General of India, whose certificate is final.
• Section IV of the Third Schedule of the Constitution of India prescribes the form of oath or affirmation be made by the Judges of the Supreme Court and the Comptroller and Auditor-General of India at the time of assumption of office.
• According to Sixth Schedule, the accounts of the District Council or Regional Council should be kept in such form as CAG, with the approval of the President, prescribe.
• In addition, these bodies' accounts are audited in such manner as CAG may think fit, and the reports relating to such accounts shall be submitted to the Governor who shall cause them to be laid before the Council.

The correct answer is Baba Ramdev.

Key Points

• "My Life, My Mission" is an autobiography of yoga guru Swami Ramdev, who wrote this book with senior journalist Uday Mahurkar.
• The book describes the life of Swami Ramdev from a village in Haryana to the international level.
• This book is published by Penguin Random House.

Additional Information

• Swami Ramdev-
• Swami Ramdev is a yoga teacher, he is also the co-founder of Patanjali Ayurved Limited.
• He was born on 25 December 1965 in Mahendragarh, Haryana.
• He did his early studies at Kalwa Gurukul.
• He founded the Divya Yoga Mandir Trust in 1995.
• Later in 2003, his yoga program started airing on the Aastha TV channel.

The correct answer is Viceroy Curzon.

Key Points

• Lord Curzon:
• ​He served as Governor-General of India from 1899 to 1905.
• He passed the Calcutta Corporation Act in the year 1899.
• According to the act, it increased the number of official members and decreased the strength of elected official members.
• As official members were mostly British Subjects it caused resentment in the Indian public.
• He was the Viceroy who passed a law for protecting Ancient Indian monuments.
• He passed the law in 1904 made the destruction of Ancient Monuments an offence and directed officials to collect and preserve ancient monuments.
• British viceroy in India, Lord Curzon, carried out the Partition of Bengal, (1905) despite strong Indian nationalist opposition.

Additional Information

• The Partition of Bengal was announced on 19 July 1905 by the then Viceroy Lord Curzon.
• And was implemented on 16 October 1905
• However, in 1911 it was withdrawn by Lord Hardinge.
• The stated reason was to ease the administration.
• But the actual reason was to weaken the growing nationalism in Bengal and break the unity.
• As per Curzon, after the partition, the two provinces would be Bengal (including modern West Bengal, Odisha, and Bihar) and Eastern Bengal and Assam.
• Annulment of Bengal:
• The partition of Bengal was annulled in 1911 by Lord Hardinge.
• The capital of British India was moved to Delhi from Calcutta in 1911.
• Despite the annulment, the partition already succeeded in making a communal divide between Muslims and Hindus of Bengal.

The correct answer is Bajra.

• Bajra is not an important plantation crop in India.

Key Points

• Plantation agriculture comes under the category of Commercial farming.
• In which a single crop is grown for the entire year.
• This type of farming requires a large amount of labour and capital.
• Commercial farming mainly focuses on commercial crops that give a good amount of profit in return and they can be grown in all the seasons.
• Major crops grown
• The major crops grown during plantation agriculture are Tea, coffee, sugarcane, cashew, rubber, banana or cotton.
• Major plantations are found in the tropical regions of the world.
• Rubber in Malaysia, coffee in Brazil, Tea in India and Sri Lanka
• ​Bajra is a coarse grain crop and is considered to be the poor man's staple nourishment and suitable to cultivate in dry lands.
• Major Bajra production states in India are Rajasthan, Maharashtra, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh and Gujarat.
• Bajra can also be used as valuable animal fodder.

The correct answer is I, II and III.

• Shopping goods like furniture, television is those goods which consumers compare on the basis of price, quality, style and suitability at the time of purchase.

Key Points

• The durability of the product comes under shopping good of the consumer.
• The consumer is attracted to durability.
• Consumer makes a comparison between the offers of various sellers so that he/she can purchase the best quality product at a lower price.
• In the case of shopping goods, the price of a single commodity is quite high as they are not daily goods but goods that are purchased eventually.
• It is not important that customers only purchase goods which are in continuous demand and regular in nature because every consumer taste is different at every purchase.
• There are no aggressive promotions in case of shopping goods because the customer is well aware of the market.

The correct answer is Solanki.

• Kirtistambh, or Tower of Fame, was built in the Solanki architectural style.

Key Points

• Kirti Stambh is a 12th-century tower built by a Jain merchant Jijaji Bhagerwala during the reign of Rawal Kumar Singh.
• The main purpose behind its commission was to glorify Jainism.
• This six storied tower having a height of 22 m is dedicated to Adinath.
• The first was Jaina Tirthankara built-in Solanki style architecture, it has many columned balconies, latticed arches and intricately carved niches.
• The tower is embellished with numerous figures of naked Thirthankars indicating that it belonged to the Digambara sect.
• A number of Jain inscriptions can be found within and outside the tower, dating it to 896 AD.
• There is a narrow stairway that leads through the seven storeys to the top.
• On the top floor, there is an observation hall that offers a panoramic view of Chittorgarh city.
• A large number of followers of Jainism come to the tower to worship Lord Adinath.
• However, this monument is closed for visitors to go inside the monument and one can visit it outside.

Additional Information

• The founder of the Pallava dynasty is Simha Vishnu who is said to be a very efficient and strong conqueror and ruler.
• After the death of Simha Vishnu, Mahendravarman, his son succeeded him and ruled from about 571 till 630 CE.
• ​Uthiyan Cheral Athan is generally considered the earliest known ruler of the Chera family from the Tamil texts (and the possible hero of the lost first decad of Pathitrupattu).
• Uthiyan Cheral was also known as "Vanavaramban" (Purananuru).
• The Chola Empire was founded by Vijayalaya.
• He took over the Tanjore kingdom in the 8th century and led to the rise of the mighty Cholas by defeating the Pallavas.
• Tanjore was hence made the first capital of the eminent Chola Empire.
• Aditya, succeeded Vijayalaya to become the ruler of the empire.

The correct answer is  23° 30'N.

• 23° 30'N latitude divides India into two equal halves.

Key Points

• The Equator is located at zero degrees latitude.
• Tropic of Cancer divides India into almost two equal parts.
• The Equator divides Earth into Northern and Southern Hemispheres, it is the Prime Meridian.
• Greenwich is considered the Prime Meridian.
• Tropic of Cancer is the northerly circle of the latitude on the Earth at an angle of  23° 30'N degrees north of the equator.
• At which the Sun appears to be directly overhead at its culmination.
• It is also called the Northern Tropic.
• The tropic of cancer and Tropic of Capricorn each lie at 23° 30' degrees latitude.

   

• Important facts about the Tropic of cancer:
• It is present above the Equator.
• 23° 30'N degree latitude is known as the Tropic of Cancer.
• It is also referred to as the Northern Tropic.
• At this place, the midday sun rays are vertical on 21 June.
• Tropic of Cancer passes through 16 countries.
• Mahi river is the only river in India that cuts the tropic of Cancer twice.
• Tropic of Cancer passes through eight Indian states including (west-east):
• (i) Gujarat (ii) Rajasthan (iii) Madhya Pradesh (iv) Chhattisgarh (v) Jharkhand (vi) West Bengal (vii) Tripura (viii) Mizoram.

Additional Information

The correct answer is Nomination of Members to Rajya Sabha.

• The procedure for the nomination of members to the Rajya Sabha is borrowed from Ireland.

Key Points

• Canadian Constitution: 
• Advisory Jurisdiction of Supreme Court.
• A federal system with a strong center.
• Residual powers vest at the center.
• Appointment of State Governors.

Additional Information

Sources of Indian Constitution

The correct answer is Football.

Key Points

Additional Information

The correct answer is the Department of Economic Affairs.

• Department of Economic Affairs under the Ministry of Finance has the main responsibility of preparation and presentation of the Union Budget (including Railway Budget) to Parliament and State Governments under President's Rule and Union Territory Administration.

Key Points

• The Department of Economic Affairs is the nodal agency of the Union Government to formulate and monitor the country's economic policies and programs having a bearing on domestic and international aspects of economic management.
• Headquarters location: New Delhi
• Parent organization: Ministry of Finance
• Finance MinisterSmt: Nirmala Sitharaman
• The Union Budget of India is also referred to as the Annual Financial Statement in Article 112 of the Constitution of India.
• It is the annual budget of the Republic of India.

​

Additional Information

• Department of Investment and Public Asset Management (DIPAM) deals with all matters relating to the management of Central Government investments in equity including disinvestment of equity in Central Public Sector Undertakings.
• The revenue department of the government supervises the work of the Patwari.
• It ensures that records are properly kept and land revenue is collected.
• It also ensures that farmers can easily obtain a copy of their land records.
• It is the revenue department that makes the students obtain their caste certificates.​​

The correct answer is Bihar.

Key Points

• Chhath is an ancient Hindu festival and the only Vedic Festival dedicated to the Hindu Sun god, Surya.
• The Chhath puja is performed in order to thank Surya for sustaining life on earth and to request the granting of certain wishes.
• The rituals of the festival are rigorous and are observed over a period of four days.
• This festival is celebrated primarily in the states of Bihar, Jharkhand, Uttar Pradesh and the Madhesh region of Nepal.

 

Additional Information

Given:

Vivek alone can complete the work in 42 days

Mohit alone can complete the work in 56 days

Concept:

Work = Time × Efficiency

Calculation:

⇒ The efficiency of Vivek = 1/42

⇒ The efficiency of Mohit = 1/56

⇒ !n 12 day both can complete the work = 12 × (1/42 + 1/56) = 12 × (4 + 3)/(24 × 7) = (12 × 7)/(24 × 7) = 1/2

⇒ The remaining work = 1 - 1/2 = 1/2

⇒ The remaining work will be completed by Vivek = (1/2) ÷ (1/42) = 42/2 = 21 days

∴ The required result will be 21 days.

Given:

The price increase of rice by 55%

Concept:

Total expenditure = (Price of rice per unit quantity)× (Quantity of rice)

Calculation:

Let be assume the price of rice per kg is P, the quantity of rice is Q and the total expenditure is E

⇒ E = P × Q₁   ....... (1)

⇒ The new price = (1 + 55/100) × P = (155/100) × P = 31P/20

⇒ E = (31P/20) × Q₂    ....... (2)

⇒ Now, the percentage of quantity will decrease = {(Q₁ - Q₂)/Q₁} × 100

⇒ {(E/P - 20E/31P)/(E/P)} × 100

⇒ {(E/P) × (1 - 20/31)/E/P} × 100 = (1 - 20/31) × 100 = {(31 - 20)/31} × 100 = (11/31) × 100 = 0.354838 × 100

⇒ 35.48%

∴ The required result will be 35.48%.

Calculation:

$A=\dfrac{1}{3+\dfrac{1}{1+\dfrac{1}{2+\dfrac{1}{4}}}}$

⇒ $A=\dfrac{1}{3+\dfrac{1}{1+\dfrac{4}{{9}{}}}}$

⇒ $A=\dfrac{1}{3+\dfrac{9}{{13}{{}{}}}}$

⇒ $A=\dfrac{13}{{48}{{}{{}{}}}}$

 

Now, 24A = 24 × 13/48 = 13/2

∴ The value of 24A is 13/2.

Given:

Jiten sold an article G at a profit of 20%

The cost price of article G = Rs. 1200

Prem sold an article M for Rs. 1125 at a loss of 25%.

Formula used:

Cost price = Selling price - Profit

Profit% = $\frac{Profit}{Cost price} × 100$

Calculation

According to the question,

Jiten, let the selling price of an article G be Rs. x

Then, Profit = x × (20/100) = x/5

Cost price = x - x/5 = 4x/5

Profit at cost price = $\frac{x/5}{4x/5} × 100$ = 25%

Selling price of G = 1200 × 125/100 = Rs. 1500

Cost price of M = 1125 × 100/75 = Rs. 1500

Now, Cost price of M/Selling price of G = 1500/1500 = 1 : 1

∴ The ratio of the cost price of article M to the selling price of article G is 1 : 1.

Given:

A sum becomes Rs. 21000 on compound interest (compounding annually) after one year.

This sum becomes Rs. 22050 on compound interest (compound annually) at the same rate

after two years. 

Formula used:

Rate % = (Simple interest/Principal × Time) × 100

Calculation:

According to the question,

Increased amount in one year = Rs. 22050 - Rs. 21000 = Rs. 1050

Rate % = (1050/21000) × 100 = 5%

∴ The annual rate of interest is 5%.

Given:

Dimensions of Cuboid = 40 cm, 35 cm, 20 cm

Side of cube = 4 cm

Formula Used:

Volume of Cuboid = l × b × h

Where, 

l is length 

b is breadth

h is height

Volume of cube = (sides)³

Calculation:

Volume of Cuboid = 40 × 35 × 20 = 28000 cm³

According to the question,

20% of a solid cuboid deforms in melting, then

Decreased volume = 28000 - 28000 × 20/100 = 22,400 cm³

Now,

The total number of smaller cubes = 22400/(4)³ = 350

∴ The total number of smaller cubes is 350.

Given:

The number of teachers in C1 coaching = 18

The number of teachers in C2 coaching = 26

The number of teachers in C3 coaching = 50

The number of teachers in C4 coaching = 54

The number of teachers in C5 coaching = 58

The number of teachers in C6 coaching = 70

Calculation:

The total number of teachers in all the coaching = 18 + 26 + 50 + 54 + 58 + 70 = 276

The number of teachers in C6 coaching = 70

Required differences = 276 - 70 = 206

∴ The number of teachers in C6 coaching is how much less than the total number of teachers in all the coaching is 206.

Given: 

Rs. 3242 is divided among three persons X, Y and Z

The shares of X, Y and Z are reduced by Rs 18, Rs 13 and Rs 11 respectively

The ratio of share of A, B and C is 3 : 6 : 7

Calculations:

The ratio of the share of 3 : 6 : 7

⇒ X : Y : Z

Reduced amount = 3242 - (18 + 13 + 11) = 3242 - 42 = Rs. 3200

Let the ratio of the share of X, Y and Z be 3x, 6x and 7x respectively,

According to the question, we have

⇒ 3x + 6x + 7x = 3200

⇒ 16x = 3200

⇒ x = 200

Now,

Amount received by Z = 7 × 200 = Rs. 1400

∴ The Amount received by Z is Rs. 1400.

Concept used:

To find the LCM or HCF of the fraction, we need to convert the fraction into a non-reducible form.

Formula used:

${\rm{H}}.{\rm{C}}.{\rm{F}}.{\rm{;of;fractions}} = \frac{{H.C.F.;of;numerator}}{{L.C.M.;of;denominator}}$

Calculation:

6 ⇒ 6

$3\frac{9}{17}$ = $\frac{60}{17}$

36/51 ⇒ 12/17

So, HCF of 6/1, 60/17, 12/17

⇒ HCf (6, 60, 12) / LCM (1, 17, 17)

⇒ 6 /17

∴ The correct answer is option (1).

Concept used:

Use BODMAS

Calculation:

$\dfrac{5+6-2\times 4\div8-3+10+8}{5}$

⇒ $\dfrac{5+6-2\times 0.5-3+10+8}{5}$

⇒ $\dfrac{5+6-1-3+10+8}{5}$

⇒ $\dfrac{29-1-3}{5}$

⇒ $\dfrac{29-4}{5}$

⇒ $\dfrac{25}{5}$ = 5

∴ The value of $\dfrac{5+6-2\times 4\div8-3+10+8}{5}$is 5.

Given:

The ratio of his expenditure and savings is 4 : 5 respectively.

Rahul's income is Rs. 90000

Concept used:

Income = Expenditure + Saving

Calculation:

Let the expenditure be Rs. 4x

And saving be Rs. 5x

According to the question,

4x + 5x = 90000

⇒ 9x = 90000

⇒ x = 10000

Expenditure = 4 × 10000 = Rs. 40000

∴ The expenditure is Rs. 40000.

Given:

The radius of a sphere is firstly decreased by 33.33%

Then increased by x%

Formula used:

Area of the sphere = 4πr2

Where, r = radius

Calculation:

Area of the new sphere = 4π[(2r/3) × (1 + x/100)]²

According to the question,

4πr2 = 4π[(2r/3) × (1 + x/100)]2

⇒ r² = 4r²/9 × (1 + x/100)2

⇒ 4/9 = (1 + x/100)2

⇒ 1 + x/100 = 3/2

⇒ x/100 = 1/2

⇒ x = 50%

∴ The value of x is 50%.

Hint

33.33% = 1/3 

Decreased = (3 - 1)/3 = 2/3

Given:

Length of train = 500m

Speed = 36 km/h

Concept used:

To convert a speed from km/h to m/s, we multiply it by 5/18

Formula used:

Distance = Speed × Time

Calculation:

Let the length of bridge be x meter

Then, the total distance = x + 500

According to the question,

⇒ x + 500 = 10 × 70

⇒ x = 700 - 500 = 200

∴ The length of bridge is 200 m.

Given:

In first case,

Speed = 36 km/hr

Time = 2 hours

In second case,

Speed = 30 km/hr

Formula used:

Distance = Speed × Time

Speed = Distance/Time

Calculation:

In first case,

Distance = 36 × 2 = 72 km

In second case,

Speed = 72/30 = 12/5 hours

∴ The required time will be 12/5 h.

Given:

Two numbers are 728 and 900

Concept Used:

HCF calculation is used.

Calculation:

The required numbers is HCF of (728 - 8) and (900 - 4)

(728 - 8) = 720

(900 - 4) = 896

Prime factorization of 720 and 896

720 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 × 5

896 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 7

So, HCF of 728 and 900 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 = 16

∴ The greatest number which when divided by 728 and 900 leaves the remainder 8 and 4 respectively is 16.

Given:

MP : SP = 7 : 3

Where, MP = Marked Price, SP = Selling Price

Formula used:

Discount% = {(MP - SP)/MP} × 100

Calculation:

Let MP and SP be 7x and 3x

According to the formula used,

Discount% = {(MP - SP)/MP} × 100

⇒ Discount% = {(7x - 3x)/7x} × 100

⇒ Discount% = (4x/7x) × 100 = 57.14%

∴ The discount percentage is 57.14%

Concept used:

Follow the BODMAS rule according to the table given below:

Calculation:

$\dfrac{1}{7}+\left[\dfrac{7}{9}-\left(\dfrac{3}{9}+\dfrac{2}{9}\right)-\dfrac{2}{9}\right]+8\div4(3-2)×4$ + 3 - 7

⇒ $\dfrac{1}{7}+\left[\dfrac{7}{9}-\left(\dfrac{5}{9}\right)-\dfrac{2}{9}\right]+8\div4×4$ + 3 - 7

⇒ $\dfrac{1}{7}+\left(\dfrac{7- 5 - 2}{9}\right)+8\div4×4$ + 3 - 7

⇒ $\dfrac{1}{7}+\left(\dfrac{0}{9}\right)+8\div4 ×4$ + 3 - 7

⇒ 1/7 + 2 × 4 + 3 - 7

⇒ 1/7 + 8 + 3 - 7

⇒ 1/7 + 8 - 4

⇒ 1/7 + 4/1 = 29/7

∴ The required answer is 29/7.

Given:

The number of cooks in hotels H2 and H3 is 44 and 51 respectively,

The number of cooks in hotels H1 and H6 is 40 and 80 respectively,

Calculation:

According to the question,

A represents, the total number of cooks in hotels H2 and H3 = 44 + 51 = 95

B represents, the total number of cooks in hotels H1 and H6 = 40 + 80 = 120

Required % = (120/95) × 100 = 126.31 percent 

∴ The required % is 126.31 percent.

Given:

The perimeter of a rectangle is equal to the circumference of a circle whose radius is 21 cm

The area of the rectangle is 864 cm2

Formula used:

The perimeter of rectangle = 2 × (Breadth + Length)

Circumference of a Circle = 2πr

Area of rectangle = Breadth × Length

Length of the diagonal = √(Breadth² + Length²)

(a - b)² = (a + b)² - 4ab

Calculation:

Circumference of a Circle = 2πr = 2 × 22/7 × 21 = 132 cm

According to the question,

The perimeter of a rectangle = The circumference of a circle

 2 × (Breadth + Length) = 132

⇒ (Breadth + Length) = 66     ----(1)

Area of rectangle = Breadth × Length = 864     ----(2)

(Breadth - Length)² = (Breadth + Length)² - 4Breadth × Length

⇒ (Breadth - Length)2 = 66² - 4 × 864 = 4356 - 3456 = 900

⇒ (Breadth - Length) = 30     -----(3)

From eq.(1) and eq.(2), 

2length = 96

⇒ length = 48 cm

Breadth = 66 - 48 = 18 cm

Length of the diagonal = √(Breadth2 + Length2) = √(48)² + (18)² 

⇒ √(2304 + 324)

⇒ √2628 = 6√73 cm

∴ The length of the diagonal of the rectangle is 6√73 cm.

The Central Angle formed by the Percentage of D4 obtained as:

(14/100) × 360° = (5040/100)° = 50.4°

कथा साहित्य शब्द में 'तत्पुरुष समास हुआ है।

कथा साहित्य शब्द में सम्बन्ध तत्पुरुष समास हुआ है, इसका समास विग्रह 'कथा का साहित्य' होता है। 

Key Points

अन्य विकल्प:

<br>

Additional Information

तत्पुरुष समास: जिस समास में उत्तरपद प्रधान हो तथा समास करने के उपरांत विभक्ति(कारक चिन्ह) का लोप हो, तत्पुरुष समास कहलाता है। 

जैसे: राम का अनुज= रामानुज,

धर्म का ग्रन्थ = धर्मग्रन्थ, तुलसीदास द्वारा कृत = तुलसीदासकृत आदि।

तत्पुरुष समास के छः भेद होते हैं- कर्म, करण, संप्रदान, अपादान, संबंध, अधिकरण तत्पुरुष समास

<br>

Important Points

अन्य विकल्प

दिए गए विकल्पों में से विकल्प ‘राम से रेत में दौड़ा नहीं जाता।’ भाववाच्य  का उदाहरण है। अत: विकल्प 3  ‘राम से रेत में दौड़ा नहीं जाता।’ इसका सही उत्तर हैं। 

Key Points

विशेष:

दिये गए वाक्य में ‘सदा’ शब्द ‘कालवाचक अव्यय’ है। अतः इसका सही उत्तर विकल्प 1 ‘कालवाचक अव्यय’ होगा। अन्य विकल्प सही उत्तर नहीं हैं।

 

Additional Information

 

अन्य विकल्प:

 

Important Points

दिए गये वाक्यों में से 'अचानक दैत्य को देखकर बालक चौंक गया।' यह वाक्य व्याकरण की दृष्टि से शुद्ध है।

• इस वाक्य में काल एवं वचन की शुद्धता का ध्यान रखा गया है।
• अन्य विकल्पों में वर्तनी अशुद्धि , लिंग अशुद्धि और वचन अशुद्धि है।

Key Points

उपर्युक्त 'दलदल में फँसना' मुहावरे का अर्थ है - ‘मुश्किल में पड़ना। 

Key Points

Important Points

<br>

Additional Information

विशेष

उपरोक्त विकल्पों में से सही उत्तर विकल्प 1 'विद्यार्थी ने पुस्तक से देखकर उत्तर दिया।' होगा। अन्य विकल्प इसके त्रुटिपूर्ण उत्तर होंगे।

Key Points

• दिए हुए विकल्पों में 'विद्यार्थी ने पुस्तक से देखकर उत्तर दिया।' यह वाक्य पूर्वकालिक क्रिया का उदाहरण है।
• इस क्रिया में मुख्य क्रिया से पहले होने वाली क्रिया को पूर्वकालिक क्रिया कहते हैं।
• जैसे - खा कर, हँस कर आदि।

Additional Information​

अगर पैसे बचाए, होते तो यह दिन न देखना पड़ता। यह वाक्य हेतुहेतुमद भूतकाल का उदाहरण है। 

 हेतुहेतुमद भूतकाल -पहली क्रिया दूसरी पर निर्भर करती है, कार्य पूर्ण हो सकता था किन्तु दुसरे कार्य की वजह से नहीं हुआ।

जैसे - यदि में आता तो वह चला जाता।

Key Points

भूतकाल के 6 भेद माने गए हैं - 

'सारी रात इंतज़ार करना’ का सही मुहावरा अर्थ है तारे गिनना। अन्य विकल्प असंगत हैं। अतः सही विकल्प ‘तारे गिनती’ है।

Key Points

स्पष्टीकरण:-

 

अन्य विकल्प:-

Additional Information

आँख का काजल चुराना’ मुहावरे का सही अर्थ है सफाई के साथ चोरी करना। अन्य विकल्प असंगत हैं। 

Key Points

स्पष्टीकरण:-

 

अन्य विकल्प:-

Additional Information

• मुहावरा भाषा विशेष में प्रचलित उस अभिव्यक्ति इकाई को कहते हैं जिनका प्रयोग प्रत्यक्ष अर्थ से अलग रूढ़िगत अर्थ की अभिव्यक्ति के लिए होता है।
• मुहावरे मानव समाज के लंबे अनुभव से प्रसूत होते हैं। समान्यतः इनके अर्थ की पृष्ठभूमि में कोई घटना या कहानी होती है। जैसे - आंखों का तारा (सबका दुलारा)

इसका उत्तर विकल्प ‘अन्य’ है। दूसरे सभी विकल्प असंगत हैं

Confusion Points

• यहाँ प्रथम पुरुष (उत्तम पुरुष) , द्वितीय पुरुष (मध्यम) से , तृतीय (अन्य) की बात बोल रहा है।
• अत: संवाद किसी अन्य के लिए हो रहा है इसलिए यहाँ सही विकल्प अन्य पुरुष सर्वनाम होगा।
• अन्य पुरुष के उदाहरण:
• वह फुटबॉल बहुत अच्छा खेलता है।
• मैंने आपको बताया था वह पढाई में नहुत तेज़ है।
• वह अमेरिका जाने के सपने देख रहा है।
• उसका सपना एक दिन पूरा होगा।
• इनकी तुममे कोई रूचि नहीं है।
• इन्हें बाहर का रास्ता दिखादो।

Additional Information

 विशेष-

सर्वनाम - संज्ञा के स्थान पर प्रयुक्त होने वाले शब्दों को सर्वनाम कहते हैं। इसके छ: भेद हैं।

• पुरूषवाचक सर्वनाम
• निश्चयवाचक सर्वनाम
• निजवाचक सर्वनाम
• प्रश्नवाचक सर्वनाम
• अनिश्चयवाचक सर्वनाम
• सम्बन्धवाचक सर्वनाम

दिए गए विकल्पों में ‘साँप’ शब्द का पर्यायवाची ‘विषधर’ है। अन्य विकल्प त्रुटिपूर्ण हैं।  

‘साँप’ के अन्य पर्यायवाची शब्द हैं- सर्प, नाग, विषधर, व्याल, भुजंग, उरग, अहि पन्नग। 

Key Points

अन्य विकल्प:

Additional Information

विशेष:

दिए गए विकल्पों में इसका सही उत्तर विकल्प 1 ‘उन्हें’ है। दूसरे सभी विकल्प असंगत हैं। 

Key Points

• 'प्राचार्य जी आ रहे हैं ______ प्रणाम करो।'  इसमें उन्हें शब्द रिक्त स्थान में उचित होगा, यह\ अन्य पुरुष पुरूषवाचक सर्वनाम का उदाहरण है।
• जिस सर्वनाम शब्दों के प्रयोग से वक्ता और श्रोता का संबंध न होकर किसी अन्य का सम्बोधन प्रतीत हो, वहाँ अन्य पुरुष (सर्वनाम) होता है। जैसे- वह, यह, उन, उनको, उनसे, इन्हें, उन्हें, उसे , इसने, उसके लिए आदि।

Additional Information

आदि-आदी का सही समश्रुत भिन्नार्थक शब्द 'आरंभ : अभ्यस्त' होगा।

• आदि का अर्थ शुरुआत होता है
• आदी का अर्थ किसी भी वस्तु का अभ्यास हो जाना।

Key Points

गुण शब्द का विलोम शब्द 'दोष' होता है।

गुण शब्द का अर्थ निजी विशेषता होता है जबकि दोष याने खराबी। 

अन्य विकल्प:

अवगुण – गुण 

​अनुगण और अगुण ऐसा शब्द होता नही है।

Key Points

• विलोम शब्द की परिभाषा: जो शब्द हमें उल्टा अर्थ बताते है। उन्हें हम विलोम शब्द कहते है।
• जैसे: सुख - दुःख, यश - अपयश।
• गंभीर - वाचाल, आजाद - गुलाम, सकाम - निष्काम।

चलते रहो कहीं रुको मत - इस वाक्य में चलते रहो के बाद में (,) अर्धविराम, और वाक्य के अंत में पूर्ण विराम (।) का चिन्ह लगेगा।

Key Points

विराम चिन्ह – भाषा के लिखित रूप में विशेष स्थानों पर रुकने का संकेत करने वाले चिन्हों को विराम चिन्ह कहते हैं।

देश में 'नारी शक्ति' को सभी दृष्टि से सशक्त बनाये जाने का प्रयास कर रहे है। 

नारी शक्ति - महिलाओं द्वारा की जाने वाली सामूहिक और व्यक्तिगत तौर पर की जाने वाली विशेष कार्य को हम नारी शक्ति कहते है। 

Key Points

अन्य विकल्प:

• बाल शक्ति - बच्चो द्वारा की जाने वाली अनूठी पहलों को हम बाल शक्ति कहते है।
• नर शक्ति - पुरुष वर्ग द्वारा किये जाने वाले रचनात्मक कार्य।
• वृद्ध शक्ति - आयु में बड़े जो लोग है, उनके द्वारा की जाने वाले क्रियाकलाप।

आधुनिक युग में 'नारी पढ़- लिखकर स्वतंत्र है' क्योंकि आज उसके लिए संविधान और कानून उसके पक्षधर है।

Key Points

अन्य विकल्प:

• नारी पढ़-लिखकर चार दीवारी में है। - इसका अर्थ है उसे सीमित कार्य में दखलअंदाजी करने देना।
• नारी दहेज़ प्रथा व यौन शोषण का शिकार। इसका अर्थ है उसे सामाजिक बुराइयों से पीड़ित होना पड़ता है।
• अपने अधिकारों के प्रति सजग नहीं है। याने उसे अपने जो अधिकार है, उनकी जानकारी का अभाव होना।

स्त्री को 'सृजन' की शक्ति भी माना जाता है। 

• सृजन की शक्ति याने कुछ नया खड़ा करने की शक्ति होना।

Key Points

अन्य विकल्प:

हिंसा - यह लड़ाई और खून खराबा से सम्बंधित शब्द है, जो हमारे मन में वीभत्स दृश्य खड़े करती है। 

शोषण - किसी व्यवस्था का बलि हो जाना, उससे पीड़ित होना यह सब शोषण से अभिप्रेरित है।

सम्पूर्ण विश्व में अंतर्राष्ट्रीय महिला दिवस 8 मार्च को मनाया जाता है।

महिला दिवस को मनाने का उद्देश्य - इस दिवस को मनाने का उद्देश्य नारी को उसके अधिकारों के प्रति प्रोत्साहित कर उसे सशक्त होने का अवसर प्रदान करना है, जिससे वह ना केवल खुद को सशक्त कर सके बल्कि उन्नत समाज के लिए महत्तवपूर्ण योगदान दे सके।

इस गद्यांश में 'नारी सशक्तिकरण' के ऊपर प्रकाश डाला गया है, अतः 'नारी सशक्तिकरण' सही विकल्प होगा 

नारी सशक्तिकरण - नारी शक्ति को हर क्षेत्र में मजबूत करना। 

Key Points

अन्य विकल्प:

• नारी-दहेज़ प्रथा - पुरुष दहेज़ के स्वरूप में पैसे या वस्तु की मांग करता है, वह।
• नारी राजनैतिक अन्याय - नारी को राजनैतिक पटल पर कम अवसर देने से है।
• नारी चारदीवारी के भीतर - नारी को घर के कार्यो से अलग समाज से जुड़ने की क्रियाओं में पाबंदी होना।

The correct answer is '2', i.e. the error lies in this part of the sentence.

Key Points

• The error lies in the incorrect usage of the verb 'expect'.
• 'Expect' needs to be replaced with 'expects'.
• Here, in the above sentence, the subject i.e. 'country' is singular, therefore, will take singular verb according to subject-verb agreement.

Therefore, the correct statement is: 'The country expects us to do our duty.'

Additional Information

• Subject-verb Agreement: It states that if the subject is singular then the verb will be singular and if the subject is plural then the verb will be plural. 
• Example: 
• He is planning a trip to Himachal Pradesh.
• They are planning a trip to Himachal Pradesh.

The correct answer is 'Ambassador'.

Key Points

• Ambassador: an accredited diplomat sent by a country as its official representative to a foreign country.
• Example: The UK's ambassador in Moscow has refused to comment.
• Thus, from above, we can refer that the correct answer is option 3.

The correct answer is 'agreed'.

Key Points

• The error lies in the incorrect usage of the verb 'agree'.
• 'Agree' needs to be replaced with 'agreed'.
• Simple past tense: It demotes an action which started in past, finished in past and has no relation with future.
• Structure:
• Subject+ the second form of verb. 
• Example: He played cricket.
• Thus, the correct answer is option 4.

Therefore, the correct answer is: 'The teacher agreed to answer all the questions.'

The correct answer is 'SRQP'.

Key Points

• Statement S will be the first in sequence as it is introducing the subject of the sentence i.e. 'Academic subjects'.
• Statement R will follow Statement S as it mentions the place where these subjects are used.
• Statement Q will follow statement R as it connects the subject i.e. 'academic subjects' which is plural with its plural verb 'take'.
• Statement P will be the last part.

Therefore, the correct sequence is SRQP.

• Sequence:
• S: academic subjects
• R: take precedence over
• Q: other activities
• P: in schools

The correct answer is 'SPRQ'.

Key Points

• Statement S will be the first in sequence as it is introducing the subject of the sentence i.e. 'She'.
• Statement P will follow Statement S as it mentions what she had?
• Statement R will follow statement P as it mentions the effects of fever that is mentioned in the previous statement on that person.
• Statement Q will be the last part.

Therefore, the correct sequence is SPRQ.

• Sequence:
• S: she had
• P: high fever and
• R: she laid motionless
• Q: on her bed

The correct answer is 'Florist'.

Key Points

• Florist: a person who sells and arranges plants and cut flowers.
• Example: I walked into a beautiful florist's shop, where there were cases of flowers from the market.
• Thus, from above, the correct answer is option 1.

Additional Information

• Petrology: the branch of science concerned with the origin, small-scale structure, and composition of rocks.
• Sculptor: someone who creates sculptures
• Zoology: the scientific study of the behavior, structure, physiology, classification, and distribution of animals.

The correct answer is 'Obstacle'.

Key Points

• Let's explore the meaning of the given words and the marked words:
• Courtesy: because of, or provided by, someone or something.
• Example: Dealers were not excited about the market's performance, noting that the strong gains came courtesy of a handful of stocks.
• Obstacle: something that blocks you so that movement, going forward, or action is prevented or made more difficult
• Example: The biggest obstacle in our way was a tree trunk in the road.
• Therefore, the correct answer is option 4.

Additional Information

• Praise: to express admiration or approval of the achievements or characteristics of a person or thing.
• Example:  He should be praised for his honesty.
• Discord: the state of not agreeing or sharing opinions.
• Example: A note of discord has crept into relations between the two countries.
• Expand: to increase in size, number, or importance, or to make something increase in this way.
• Example: The air in the balloon expands when heated.

The correct answer is 'Beneficial'.

Key Points

• Beneficial: helpful, useful, or good.
• Example: The improvement in sales figures had a beneficial effect/influence on the company as a whole.
• Thus, from above, we can refer that the correct answer is option 1.

The correct answer is 'Energetic.'

Key Points

• Life and soul: It is an idiomatic phrase which means someone who brings a lot of energy and enthusiasm to a social event.
• Example: Bill is definitely the life and soul of the party—he's currently trying to get everyone up to dance!
• Thus, from above we can say that the correct answer is option 1.

The correct answer is 'Bodily'.

Key Points

• Let's explore the meaning of the given words and the marked words:
• Spiritual: relating to or affecting the human spirit or soul as opposed to material or physical things.
• Example: I'm responsible for his spiritual welfare.
• Bodily: of or concerning the body.
• Example: Children learn to control their bodily functions.
• Therefore, the correct answer is option 4.

Additional Information

• Carnal: Relating to the physical and especially sexual appetites.
• Example:  It is notable primarily for its lack of carnal interest.
• Earthly:  connected with life on Earth rather than in heaven
• Example: Buddha taught that earthly existence is full of suffering.
• Legal:  concerned with or relating to the law
• Example: This trade in foreign currency is perfectly legal.

The correct answer is 'No improvement'.

Key Points

• The given statement is correct and requires no improvement.
• Infinitive: It is the basic form of a verb, used with ‘to’ in English.
• Example: I want to watch television.
• Here, in the above given example, 'to watch' is an infinitive.
• Thus, the usage of 'make' is correct because 'make' is a base form of verb which is used with some nouns to say that someone does something.
• Example: I need to make a quick phone call.
• Therefore, the correct answer is option 4.

The correct answer is 'on'.

Key Points

• The word 'Congratulations' is followed by the preposition 'on' when it expresses one’s good wishes in the context of a happy event.
• Thus, 'on' will be used in the blank.

Therefore, the correct answer is: 'I congratulated him on his promotion.' 

Additional Information

• Preposition: a word that is used before a noun, pronoun, or gerund to show place, time, direction etc.

The correct answer is 'In love with.'

Key Points

• Head over heels: It is an idiomatic phrase which means madly in love.
• Example: I immediately fell head over heels for Sam.
• Thus, from above we can say that the correct answer is option 4.

The correct answer is 'enhance'.

Key Points

• Let's explore the meaning of the given options:

 

• Thus, from the above-given explanation, we can say that 'enhance' will be used in the blank.
• Therefore, the correct answer is option 1.

The correct answer is '3', i.e. the error lies in this part of the sentence.

Key Points

• The error lies in the usage of the incorrect form of the verb after 'had'.
• 'Doing' needs to be replaced with 'done'.
• The given sentence is an example of the past perfect tense.
• Past perfect tense: It expresses an action that started in past, finished in past.
• Structure:
• Subject+ had+ the third form of the verb.
• Example: He had completed his assignment on time.

Therefore, the correct statement is: 'Everybody admitted that she had done her best.'

The correct answer is 'The water so generated is mainly used in washing.'

Key Points

• Let's refer to the following lines of the passage:
• There has however been hardly any attempt at questioning the extent of damage caused or in evaluating whether the promises of food, water and prosperity for all have actually been realised.
• The cost of the project is so stupendous that any water made available will cost so much that governments will have to be forever subsidizing farmers.
• What long-term impact this massive borrowing will have on the economy is difficult to foresee.
• Option 1, is incorrect because the passage doesn't mention the use of water will be limited to washing only.
• Option 2, is correct due to the cost of water made available through dams is high and the government will have to be forever subsidizing farmers.
• Option 3, is correct because the passage mentions the promises of food, water and prosperity, which means the water will be mainly used in Agriculture.
• Option 4,  is correct because the cost of construction of Dam is high as mentioned in the passage.
• Thus, from above, the correct answer is option 1.

The correct answer is 'Displacement of people on a large scale and ecological imbalance due to restrictions on the natural flow of rivers'.

Key Points

• Let's refer to the following lines of the passage:
• The diversion of rivers and construction of a long system of canals in a densely populated country like India will involve displacement of people on a colossal scale and the people affected are never likely to agree with such measures.
• Preserving rivers in free-flow condition is considered ecologically necessary and the construction of large dams is now legally prohibited in Sweden and also in parts of USA.
• Thus, from above, we can refer that the correct answer is option 4.

The correct answer is 'The diversion of rivers will involve displacement of people on a colossal scale. '

Key Points

• Let's refer to the following lines of the passage:
• There has however been hardly any attempt at questioning the extent of damage caused or in evaluating whether the promises of food, water and prosperity for all have actually been realised.
• The diversion of rivers and construction of a long system of canals in a densely populated country like India will involve displacement of people on a colossal scale and the people affected are never likely to agree with such measures.
• Thus, From above, we can refer that the correct answer is option 4.

The correct answer is 'Dislocation'.

Key Points

• Let's explore the meaning of the marked word and the given word.
• Displacement: the moving of something from its place or position.
• Example: The recent famine in these parts has caused the displacement of tens of thousands of people.
• Dislocation: to put out of place; put out of proper relative position; displace.
• Example: The earthquake dislocated several buildings.
• From above, we can refer that the correct answer is option 2.

Additional Information

• Inactivity: idle or inert; not active.
• Stagnation: the state of not flowing or moving.
• Inactive: not engaging in or involving any or much physical activity.

The correct answer is 'Dams have proven to be bane rather than boon in the long run.'

Key Points

• The thematic centre of the passage should express the main idea of the passage.
• The passage as a whole focuses on Dams and its effects on a country.
• Hence, the correct answer is option 4.

Education is not limited to preparation for life, but education is life itself, which means that it is a never-ending process. It is through education that one can change the face of the world. Through education, one has the opportunity to learn both inside and outside of the school. That's why it is more open-ended and all-inclusive than schooling. 

Key Points Refer to the table for further information 

Hence, we conclude that both statements are correct about informal education.

Cognitive disability is a term used when a person has certain limitations in mental functioning and in skills such as communicating, taking care of him or herself, and social skills. These limitations will cause a child to learn and develop more slowly than a typical child. Children with mental retardation may take longer to learn to speak, walk and take care of their personal needs such as dressing or eating. They are likely to have trouble learning in school. They will learn, but it will take them longer. There may be some things they cannot learn.

Key Points

Some of the important and known causes of cognitive disabilities can be:

• Chromosomal abnormality ( such as Down’s Syndrome)
• Psychiatric disorders
• Trauma and physical agent (for example, accidents, before during, and after birth, anoxia)
• Metabolism and nutrition (for example, phenylketonuria )
• Gross brain disease (such as tumors), Prenatal influence ( for example, hydrocephalus, microcephalus)
• Infections and intoxication (for example, rubella, syphilis, encephalitis, meningitis)

Hence, we can conclude that all the above are some of the important and known causes of cognitive disabilities.

To understand an abstract concept like education, one is required to explicate its meaning or nature from the point of view of the functions such concepts perform or the contexts in which such concepts are appropriately used. Etymologically, the word "Education" is derived from the Latin words "educare", "educere" and "educantum". The Following are the Characteristics of Education:

• Helps every student to observe and understand their own proposed values.
• Helps every student to observe and understand themselves in relation to all things.
• Helping everyone become aware of its contracting effects.
• It helps students to discover what they are most interested in.
• It helps students to develop their capacities.
• It helps students to understand their own highest interest.
• It is a dynamic process because education changes as per the need. Hence, it can't be static.
• It helps in the development of the individual in all aspects whether it is mental, emotional, physical, social, moral or spiritual.
• It helps in the development of a child's innate power. For example, Edison's school teacher labelled him as "abnormal". Still, he succeeded in becoming one of the great inventors.
• Education modifies behaviour by bringing out desirable changes in one's behaviour. Professor Drever has supported the statement "Education is a process in which and by which knowledge, character and behaviour of the young are shaped and moulded."
• It helps in social adjustment, for example with parents, relatives, friends and teachers.
• It could be a direct process when the teacher and the students are in the direct contact but it is labelled indirect when education is non-formal or informal i.e. from a distance.

Hence, we conclude that the above-mentioned statement is related to right kind of education.

Thinking can be understood as that process where external events of past, present or future are represented internally, and it may also include even a thing or an event which is not directly observed or experienced by the individual.

• Use teaching strategies that foster both the development of thinking skills and the mastery of subject matter under consideration.
• Focus on effective or personality aspects as well as the cognitive components of thinking skills.
• When learners succeed at tasks of any kind, focus their attention on and label the thinking skills that have enabled them to be successful.
• Emphasize not only knowledge about strategies, but also why these strategies are valuable and how to use them.
• Encourage students to reflect on what they do that is effective and to give names to these processes.
• Model strategies by thinking aloud or by asking students why you did something, when you yourself successfully employ a thinking skill.
• Encourage students to talk to themselves while they think. At early stages, it may be necessary for them to talk out loud; but eventually they should be able to talk silently to themselves about what they are doing.
• Help students over learn basic skills, so that they can afford the leisure to focus on how they are thinking rather than being overwhelmed by the basic skills included in the task at hand.
• Recognize the conditional nature of many thinking skills. Help students realize that what is important of using these skills is in knowing when (not just how) to use them.
• Encourage transfer, emphasize connections within and beyond the topic of a given lesson. Encourage the integration of knowledge acquired on different occasions.
• Provide feedback on the degree to which learners have evaluated their comprehension correctly, not just on the degree to which they have comprehended correctly.
• Be aware that students may not transfer thinking strategies far from the original setting, unless they are guided to do so.
• Supply prompts to aid learners in monitoring the methods and depth at which they are processing information. These prompts can range from simple reminders or checklists to detailed scaffolded instruction programs.
• Avoid excessive dependence on external prompting. Although prompts may be necessary in the early stages of the development of thinking skills, the ultimate goal is self-regulation.
• Be careful that attention to thinking skills does not detract from learning by competing for limited learning resources that need to be devoted to academic tasks
• Encourage students to work together on higher-order activities, so that they can model thinking skills to one another and evaluate the comparative effectiveness of various thinking strategies.

Hence, we conclude that all the above points are ways of stimulating thinking of students.

The community can promote the school education by working with the school principal and teachers, they can act as a pressure group or watchdog if they find any irregularity in the school functioning.

Key Points

The community can perform following functions-

• Generating awareness about education benefits and increasing enrolment;
• Representation in Village Education Committees/Ward Education committees/School management committees to manage schools;
• Increasing the daily attendance rates of school students;
• Increasing girls’ retention in school;
• Increasing the number of parents observing teachers teaching in the classroom;
• Boosting morale of school teachers;
• Monitoring the appropriate use of financial resources in the school;
• Recruiting and supporting teachers;
• Making decisions about school locations and schedules;
• Monitoring and following up on teacher attendance and performance;
• Actively attending school meetings to learn about children’s learning progress;
• Providing skill instruction and local culture information;
• Helping children with studying;
• Identifying factors contributing to educational problems and discussing the possible solutions.

Clearly, all the above-mentioned steps can be taken by the community to improve school education.

The Right to Education Act commonly known as RTE Act 2009 is an act which aims to provide free and compulsory education to all children between the age of 6 to 14 years in India under the Article 21A of the Indian Constitution. 

Key Points To equalize the educational opportunities to all, RTE recommends the reservation of  25% seats for children belonging to economically weaker sections in private schools.

Other features of the RTE Act - 2009 under Article 21A: 

• Instructional hours in an academic year:
• Class 1st  to 5th - 800 hours
• Class 6th to 8th - 1000 hours

Working days in an academic year:

• Class 1st  to 5th - 200 days
• Class 6th to 8th - 220 days
• Prohibition of private tuition by teachers to equalize educational opportunities to all.
• 45 hours including preparation hours as the minimum number of working hours per week for the teacher.
• Not to deploy teachers in non-academic work except elections, population census, and disaster relief duties.
• Establishment of primary and upper primary schools within the distance of 1km and 3kms respectively from child's house.

Hence, it could be concluded that  According to the Right to Education, 2009, 200 minimum working days are required in a year for first to fifth grade.

Learning-centred education focuses on the learning process. Although its primary concern is on the learning of the students, all those involved in the education of students such as teachers are also co-learners with the students in the learning-centred education. It is basically learner-centred but includes teachers in the process of learning in a classroom situation. Learner-related factors affecting learning are:

• Attention: As mentioned by Bandura, when a child urges to learn something, he pays attention to the model to observe or to imitate.
• Motivation: If the action succeeds, the child is motivated to do the action again.
• Target: When a child achieves the target, it motivates him to do further, if not, it demotivates him.

Hence, we conclude that communication is not a learner-related factor affecting learning.

Educational thoughts of Mahatma Gandhi was influenced by the then social, political and economic circumstances of India. British education was being promoted and disseminated by the Britishers at that time. British education system affected the Indian minds directly and that affect the then education system of India. He suggested need-based education for India to make the child self-centred and not depend upon the British. Educational thought of Gandhi can be pointed out on the following lines:

• Gandhi accepted that the aim of education is the development of physical, mental, emotional and spiritual abilities of the child. Ultimate aim of education is realisation of the self.
• Learning should provide opportunities for children to become physically active.
• Children should have the freedom to create their own models of knowledge about the world.
• The main aim of education is also earning livelihood. Education of the child should be based on craft. The craft centred education should be based upon the locally available products like pottery, horticulture, agriculture, jute work etc. by which the child can be studied and becomes self-dependent.
• The medium of instruction should be Mother Tongue.
• From seven to fourteen years of age, education of each child should be free, compulsory and universal.
• School should be a place for activity where the child gets busy in various experiments and gains new experiences.
• Education should create useful, responsible and dynamic citizens.

Hence, we conclude that both the above statements are correct.

Conditioning is the process of modifying one’s behaviour with the help of some preparation or training. Behaviourism theory is an idea which states that learning takes place owing to conditioning. John Watson is called the father of behaviourism. 

Operant Conditioning: It is based on reinforcement and punishment.  For example, parents reinforce their kid to study well, and if he does not, he is punished or else he is offered a bicycle. Both reinforcement and punishment are of two types: Positive and Negative

Reinforcement: Praise and Blame: These may be classified as:

• Positive Verbal Reinforcement- Following a pupil’s answer, the teacher verbally indicates pleasures at the pupil’s response by the use of words like ‘Good’, ‘Fair’, ‘Excellent’, ‘Correct’, etc.
• Positive Non-Verbal Reinforcement- It includes nods and smiles, Teacher’s friendly movements towards pupils, Teacher’s friendly look, Teacher writing student’s response on the blackboard.
• Negative Non-Verbal- This comprises gestures like sneering, frowning, expression of annoyance, impatience, etc.
• Negative Verbal- This includes comments like ‘No’, ‘Wrong’, ‘No good’, ‘poor’, ‘of course not’, etc.

Hence, we conclude that **the word '**Poor' cannot be used for positive verbal reinforcement.

Teachers and researchers have developed a number of types of questions, which can be used to foster the creativity.

• Redefining Questions: In this type of question, children are asked to redefine an object, animal, person or event. These questions develop a new perspective and children learn to be aware of unusual characteristics and look beyond the obvious. Ex: Why is a fountain pen like a tap.
• Consequences questions: These questions pose situations or events that might not have happened or will never happen. Such questions make the children to imagine and write the consequences, if such an event takes place. Ex: Suppose the petrol supply on earth vanishes all of a sudden.
• Hypothetical questions: In this type of questions students have to go beyond the available data (their learning) and synthesise them with their personality characteristics. Ex: If you were the manager of a bank?
• Provocative questions: The children may be taught a passage or they may be asked to go through a passage and proactive question may be put. They help the children to imagine and go beyond the information provided in the passage. Ex: What would have Gandhiji done had he lived today?
• Questions seeking new relationships: Sometimes theses questions look to be funny or crazy and may lead on to frustration on the part of the students, but they will enjoy later. Ex: Is month a mile?
• Divergent questions: These questions require the students to break from the fixed pattern of one question one answer and develop many relevant responses. The cost or time need not be an inhibiting factor in such relevant responses. Ex:  A town hidden beneath the mud has been found. What might have been the reasons as to why the town might have gone underground?
• Challenging assumptions questions: These questions help children develop a functional understanding of the world. The assumptions are being questioned which have been accepted for a long time. These exercise the mind and children develop a new perspective. Ex: Why questions like why should be respecting our parents?
• Future problem-solving questions: These questions require the students to design and redesign which involve a good deal of innovation. They make the students look differently at things and make them think in different ways. Ex: A machine to dig the tunnel without disturbing the traffic on the road.

Hence, we conclude that the above statement is of 'Hypothetical Questions'.

Emotion is a mental state associated with fear, anger, love, etc. It is associated with a feeling of pleasure and displeasure. Every emotion is followed by psychological changes like a rapid heartbeat.

Key Points

• Emotions make everyday experiences in life enjoyable.
• Emotions serve as the motives of our behavior.
• Emotional deprivation leads to personality impairment.
• Emotions or emotional approach is a psychological construct that involves the use of emotional processing and emotional expression in response to a different situation.
• Emotions are experienced as positive feelings, negative feelings, undesired reactions to any stressful situation, these often impact decision making i.e. cognition.
• The Emotional Approach involves the conscious use of emotional expression and processing to better deal with stressful situations.

Hence, we conclude that option 4 about emotions is correct.

Development essentially means change as a result of the complex interactions between many processes - biological, social and cognitive. Biological processes involve changes that are physical in nature. Our genetic heritage, growth of body organs, acquisition of motor skills, hormonal changes at puberty, all reflect the role of biological processes. So, "walk without help, jumps, runs" is the development norm acquired by a 2 years old child in development. This is the part of motor development. Let us review other milestones of motor development in children:

• Infancy- 2 months: Kicks aimlessly, stretches hand and feet, closed fist.
• 2-4 months: Follows a moving person with eyes, stares at a bright object, lifts chest short distance when placed on abdomen, holds head, rolls from back to the side, begins to grasp toy in hand.
• 4-6 months: Holds head steady when carried, holds toys and reaches for objects, raises hands to be lifted, lifts head and shoulder and rolls over. Lifts self by hands or forearms when lying on the stomach. The child has free and active movement and can respond to music.
• 6-8 months: Can hold head and sit erect without support. Bangs spoons or pats floors. Can pick up objects from floor, table. Can hold a toy in each hand. Has learnt to use the thumb to grip things.
• 8-10 months: Begins to crawl, can pull self up to stand by holding on to furniture.
• 10-12 months: Stands with slight support, can push light objects. Picks up small and big objects and examines them.
• 1-2 years: Walks without support, drinks from a cup, can handle a spoon, plays with push and pull toys, can climbing stairs, jump, run and come down as well, scribbles, eats by self.

Hence, it can be included that the child can walk without help, jumps, runs is the development norm for a 2 years old child.

Children with disabilities are at risk for education due to their problems in learning the academic skills. Depending on the kind of disability children will face problems in the school. Let us briefly look into the categories of such disabilities which are posing a threat to children in the process of their education.

• Physical deviations – difficulty in movement either gross or fine is observed among many children in the school-going age. It may be due to orthopedical, neurological and muscular conditions leading to difficulty in coordination of the body parts. It leads to mild to severe problems for children in the school.
• Sensory impairment – we have come across children in schools who have hearing and visual impairment. These problems range from mild to severe making it very difficult to cope in the classroom. Partial sightedness and mild hearing impairment also have lots of educational implications.
• Problem with language and communication – some children outwardly look similar to their age mates. But they will have major problems with understanding and/or expressing through appropriate language. Such children face problems with academic and non-academic activities of the school.
• Children having cognitive and/or learning disabilities – Children having different degrees of mental retardation struggle to master the minimum requirement of the classroom due to their restricted cognitive capacity to learn.
• Children with social, emotional and behavioural disorders – there are certain disorders where children find it very difficult to attend to the tasks in the classroom.
• Health problems – The variety of situations posed by the illness is serious cause for concern. Childhood diabetes, arthritis, epilepsy, malnutrition leading to general weakness are some of the commonly observed conditions in the elementary school age.

Hence, all the above points are some of the disabilities that can pose a threat to children in the process of their education.

The term “personality” is derived from the Latin word “persona” which means the mask worn by the Roman actors? In this sense, personality means the individual as seen by others. Personality is the totality of everything about a person his/her physical, emotional, mental, social, ethical, and spiritual make-up. 

Key Points

In simple terms, personality consists of the following:

• The way you look.
• The way you dress.
• The way you talk.
• The way you decide
• The way you act.

Important Points 

Characteristics of Personality:

• Personality is what one is, which means it reflects the true nature of oneself.
• The personality of each individual is unique.
• Personality is dynamic and not static.
• Personality functions as a unified whole, which means that each person’s personality expression is the sum total of what one has- one cannot hide one’s traits in totality while interacting with others.
• Personality is the product of both heredity and environment.
• Personality is through and through social. It means that the personality traits of an individual get nourished and brushed up (and some get reduced) due to social forces and interactions.
• Personality is continually adjusting itself to the environment.
• In rare cases, personality influences the environment.
• Personality is always striving for certain ends. It means that personality traits are not for nothing- there is a purpose (or purposes) in every individual’s personality. Accordingly, one fixes the goals of life and tries to achieve those.
• Personality is self-consciousness, hence, it makes us different from animals.

Confusion Points 

"The way a person decides" - This aspect is more of the concept of mental development than that of personality, Though, the way we decide can reflect in our personality, yet decision making is related to mental development which takes place "in the mind", while personality is about external reflection. 

Hence, we conclude that 'The way a person moves' is not included in the concept of personality.

To understand an abstract concept like education, one is required to explicate its meaning or nature from the point of view of the functions such concepts perform or the contexts in which such concepts are appropriately used. Etymologically, the word "Education" is derived from the Latin words "educare", "educere" and "educantum". The Following are the Characteristics of Education:

• It is a life long process because a person learns through his experience and experience goes life-long.
• It helps children in making them mature and free.
• It is a dynamic process because education changes as per the need. Hence, it can't be static.
• It helps in the development of the individual in all aspects whether it is mental, emotional, physical, social, moral or spiritual.
• Higher education helps to maintain a healthy society that prepares educated health care consumers and professionals.
• It helps in the development of a child's innate power. For example, Edison's school teacher labelled him as "abnormal". Still, he succeeded in becoming one of the great inventors.
• Education modifies behaviour by bringing out desirable changes in one's behaviour. Professor Drever has supported the statement "Education is a process in which and by which knowledge, character and behaviour of the young are shaped and moulded."
• It helps in social adjustment, for example with parents, relatives, friends and teachers.
• It could be a direct process when the teacher and the students are in the direct contact but it is labelled indirect when education is non-formal or informal i.e. from a distance.
• It enriches a person's experience when a person aims at his goal.
• It helps in attainment of goals in one's life.
• It should be noted that it could be both theoretical and practical.
• It is the demand of the modern age because gone are the days when people didn't have the required skillset to make a task viable.
• It is scientific in nature as that each passing day technology is evolving.
• Education brings social change. It is a powerful tool for social reconstruction.

Hence, we conclude that the above-mentioned statement is related to education.

Education is the imparting and acquiring knowledge through teaching and learning, especially at a school or similar institution. The earliest educational processes involved sharing information about gathering food and providing shelter; making weapons and other tools; learning a language; and acquiring the values, behavior, and religious rites or practices of a given culture. Before the invention of reading and writing, people lived in an environment in which they struggled to survive against natural forces, animals, and other humans. To survive, preliterate people developed skills that grew into cultural and educational patterns.

Important Points

Traditional education is also called customary education or conventional education.

• The main motive of traditional education is to pass on the values, manners skills, and social practice to the next generation which is necessary for their survival.
• In traditional education, the student learns about the customs and traditions of the society in which he lives. This type of education is mostly imparted to the students by the means of oral recitation.
• There is very little written work or practical work. The students simply sit down together and listen to the teacher or another who will recite the lesson.
• The traditional does not include written tests but it includes some oral tests which are not very formal.
• It was noble and supported by religious motives.
• Traditional education is very far from the use of science and technology. Neither the education about sciences we study today in great detail is imparted in the traditional education system.
• The traditional education system included knowledge about customs, traditions, and religions. That is why it is called traditional education.
• Traditional education which was provided in schools was not meant for all the children. There was a lot of discrimination between the children. It was considered that education was meant for only high society people.
• The children who belonged to the families of lower society were not allowed to enter the schools. Traditional education was not meant for everyone. Modern education is accessible to all. Anyone can take admission in a school and learn the modern education.
• As mentioned above, in traditional education the students are taught about traditions, customs, rituals, and religion. In modern education, the students are taught about science, technology, language skills, mathematics, etc. the knowledge imparted in the traditional education system was enough for one’s living, but it was not enough to match the whole world.

Hence, we can conclude that both the statements are correct regarding the Indian traditional Education System.