DSSSB PRT Official Paper 14 Nov 2019 Shift 1 (Previous Year Paper)

Six boys J, K, L, M, N, and P are sitting around a circular table facing towards the centre. 

i) J is second to the left of P.

ii) N is the immediate neighbour of P and J. (This means N is sitting between P and J)

iii) K is second to the right of N.

iv) L is to the immediate to the left of M.

The arrangement will be:

Thus we can say L is third to the left of N.

Hence, the correct answer is "L".

Note: Two opposite faces are never seen together or adjacent to each other:

In Figure, I:- L and T are opposite faces but here they are seen together which is wrong. Thus this cube cannot be made.

In Figure II:- K and 7 are opposite faces but here they are seen together which is wrong. Thus this cube cannot be made.

In Figures III:- None of the opposite faces are seen together nor they are adjacent to each other.

Thus Figures III can be formed by folding the dice.

Hence, the correct answer is "Only III". 

Additional Information

• Dices are of two types :

1. Standard Dice
2. Non-Standard Dice.

• Dice has:-

1. faces = 6
2. sides = 12
3. corners = 8

• Two opposite faces never seen together.
• Adjacent faces are never opposite to each other.

The logic followed is:

Height of 8 boys B1, B2, B3, B4, B5, B6, B7, and B8 are compared.

i) Height of B4 is more than B6.

B4 > B6 equation i)

ii) Height of B8 is less than only 3 boys.

iii) Height of B2 is more than B1 but less than B8.

B8 > B2 > B1 equation ii)

iv)  If the height of B4 is less than B1

B1 > B4 equation iii)

v) B5 and B7 are taller than B8 but shorter than B3.

From the equation i) and iii) we can say,

B6 is the smallest of all. Thus we can conclude from the given statement i.e the height of B3 will be the least or maximum. As B6 is the smallest, it is only possible B3 is the maximum in height.

Thus the final arrangement is:

B3 > B5 = B7 > B8 > B2 > B1 > B4 > B6 

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 3".

As per the given information;

Clockwise Direction = 194° + 612° = 806° 

Anticlockwise Direction = 263° + 342° = 605° 

Difference = 806° - 605° = 201° (Clockwise)

Hence, the minute is in the North West direction initially.

The least possible Venn diagram for the given statements is as below:

Conclusions: 

1. Some red are pink → False (It is possible but not definite). 2. No red is blue → False (As some Blue are Red, then some Red are Blue will also be a definite conclusion).

Hence, the correct answer is "Neither conclusion I and II follows".

Additional Information

The least possible Venn diagram for the given statements is as below:

Conclusions: 

1. Some J are not M → True (As no M is J then some J are not M will also be a definite conclusion). 2. Some M are A → False (It is possible but not definite). 3.  No K is A → False (As some A is K then some K is A also a definite conclusion).

Hence, the correct answer is "Only conclusion I follows ".

Additional Information

The pattern followed is:

Hence, the correct answer is "JTCD".

Cricket is played with a bat. Football is another sports played with a ball.

The pattern followed is:

The given series is a Fibonacci series.

To complete the Fibonacci series 32 must be replaced by 34.

Thus the wrong term is 32. Instead of 32 there should be 34.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 2".

According to the information given in the question, we can draw the following diagram.

Thus point J is in a Northeast direction from point P.

Mistake PointsHere in the question it is asked:

• In which direction is point J from point P means J direction w.rt to P which is Northeast
• Here in the question it is not asked In which direction is point P from point J.

Hence, the correct answer is "Northeast".

The logic follows here is:

The cluster follows the pattern of +3, +3 except for option (4) which follows the pattern of +4, +3.  

Option 1 → 

Option 2 → 

Option 3 → 

Option 4 → 

Thus we can see LPS doesn't follow the pattern of +3, +3.

Hence, the correct answer is "LPS".

The least possible Venn diagram for the given set of words is:

Hence, the correct answer is Option 3.

The pattern followed is:

Similarly,

Hence, the correct answer is "MIG : SDO".

The embedded part of this image is:

Hence, Option (3) is the correct answer.

The logic followed is:

Thus code for "is" can be either 7 or 4 but in option (7 is not mentioned.) This means we left with only 4.

Thus the code for "is" is 4.

Hence, the correct answer is "4".

Six persons: G, H, R, T, U, and V.

Six Cars: C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, and C6.

1) T likes C3.

2) V and G don’t like C1 and C2.

3) R likes either C6 or C2.

4) H doesn’t like C5.

5. U likes either C2 or C6.

As G and R do not like C1.

So, H likes C1 and G and V either likes C4 or C5

Possible cases are;

U likes either C2 or C6 and V likes either C4 or C5.

1. C2, C4

2) C2, C5

3. C6, C4

4. C6, C5

Hence, option (1) is the correct answer.

The logic followed is:

second number = (first number)² - 4

140 = 12² - 4

140 = 144 - 4

140 = 140

Similarly,

? = 29² - 4

? = 841 - 4

? = 837

Hence, the correct answer is "837".

The pattern followed is:

Hence, the correct answer is "PD17".

In each step bottom figure moved to top.

Step 1:

Step 2:

Step 3:

Step 4:

The correct figure is;

Hence, option (2) is the correct answer.

The logic followed here is:

Plastic who is table shows through the shaded area in the diagram below:

Plastic are table = 12 + 4 = 16

Hence, "16" is the correct answer.

Mistake PointsPlastic who are Tables Covers the Plastic and Table including all parts.

If the questions asked that Only plastic who are Table then you have to count only these two parts.

The correct answer is Mizoram.

• In Mizoram, the Chapchar Kut, Mim Kut, and Talfwang Kut festivals are celebrated.

Key Points

• Mizoram is one of the most beautiful places in India and tourist-friendly states out of the seven sister states.
• Many of the festivals in Mizoram have attracted a lot of foreign tourists who want to indulge themselves in the culture and festivity of Mizoram.
• The three of the most important festivals in Mizoram.
• These festivals happen throughout the year during various seasons.

The correct answer is Brazil.

• Brazil won Copa America 2019.

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Key Points

• Host nation Brazil won their ninth title by defeating Peru 3–1 in the final.
• Argentina took third place by beating Chile 2–1 in the third-place match.
• Copa América, (Spanish: America Cup) formerly (until 1975) South American Championship of Nations, quadrennial South American football (soccer) tournament that is the continent’s premier competition in that sport.
• The Copa América is the world’s oldest international football tournament.
• The event was first held in 1916 in honor of the 100th anniversary of Argentina’s independence with Uruguay winning the inaugural title.
• It took place every one to four years before it adopted its current quadrennial format in 2007.

• The Copa America is governed by the Confederacion Sudamericana de Futbol (commonly known as CONMEBOL).
• The tournament’s field consists of the 10 national teams that are members of CONMEBOL.
• Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay, and Venezuela.
• Plus two additional national teams are invited to participate in the event.

The correct answer is Satavahanas.

• The Satavahana rulers were known as lords of the Dakshinapatha.

Key Points

• Gautamiputra Shri Satakarni and other Satavahana rulers were known as lords of the Dakshinapatha.
• Dakshinapatha was the route leading to the south, which was also used as a name for the entire southern region.
• To control the coasts, he sent his army to the eastern, western, and southern coasts.
• The Sunga dynasty came to an end around 73 BCE when their ruler Devabhuti was killed by Vasudeva Kanva.
• The Kanva dynasty then ruled over Magadha for about 45 years.
• Around this time, another powerful dynasty, the Satavahanas came to power in the Deccan area.
• The term “Satvahana” originated from the Prakrit which means ” driven by seven” which is an implication of the Sun God’s chariot that is driven by seven horses as per Hindu mythology.
• The Satavahanas (natives) succeeded the Mauryas in Deccan and Central India.​

Additional Information

• The Satavahanas are considered identical to the Andhras mentioned in the Puranas, but neither the name Andhra appears in the Satavahana inscriptions nor do the Puranas mention the Satavahanas.
• According to some Puranas, the Andhras ruled for 300 years and this period is assigned to the rule of the Satavahana dynasty, with their capital at Pratishthana (modern Paithan) on the Godavari in Aurangabad district.
• The Satavahana kingdom majorly comprised present Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra, and Telangana.
• At times, their rule also included parts of Gujarat, Karnataka as well as Madhya Pradesh.
• The kingdom had different capitals at different times.
• Two of the capitals were Amaravati and Pratishthana (Paithan).
• Simuka was the founder of the Satavahana Dynasty.
• The coin legends were in Prakrit.
• Some reverse coin legends are in Tamil, Telugu, and Kannada also.
• The Chola Empire was founded by Vijayalaya.
• Uthiyan Cheral Athan is generally considered the earliest known ruler of the Chera family from the Tamil texts (and the possible hero of the lost first decad of Pathitrupattu).
• Uthiyan Cheral was also known as "Vanavaramban" (Purananuru).

The correct answer is Godavari river.

Key Points

• Godavari:
• It originates from the Tribakeshwar in Nashik district of Maharashtra.
• It drains into the Bay of Bengal.
• It flows through the states of Maharashtra, Odisha, Chhattisgarh, Telangana, Andhra Pradesh.
• Tributaries:
• Left bank: Banganga, Kadva, Shivana, Purna, Kadam, Pranahita, Indravati, Taliperu, Sabari, Dharna.
• Right bank: Nasardi, Pravara, Sindphana, Manjira, Manair, Kinnerasani.

Additional Information

The correct answer is Going Rate Pricing.

• A firm that Produces highly substitute goods can adopt Going Rate Pricing Strategies.

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Key Points

The correct answer is Food Corporation of India.

• Food Corporation of India procures wheat, paddy, and coarse grains in different states with the help of state government agencies to provide support prices to the farmers.

Key Points

• Food Corporation of India (FCI) is a Public Sector Undertaking, under the Department of Food & Public Distribution, Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution.
• FCI is a statutory body set up in 1965 under the Food Corporations Act 1964.
• It was established against the backdrop of a major shortage of grains, especially wheat.
• Simultaneously, Commission for Agricultural Costs and Prices (CACP) was created in 1965 to recommend remunerative prices to farmers.
• It has primary duty to undertake purchase, store, move/transport, distribute and sell food grains and other foodstuffs.

• Objectives of FCI:
• To provide remunerative prices to farmers.
• To help in transforming the crisis management-oriented food security into a stable security system to ensure availability, accessibility, and affordability of food grains to all people at all times so that no one, nowhere, and at no time should go hungry.
• Ensuring food security of the nation by maintaining a satisfactory level of operational buffer stocks of food grains. Distribution of food grains throughout the country for Public Distribution System.
• Effective Price Support Operations for safeguarding the interest of farmers.
• Founder: Government of India
• **Founded:**14 January 1965
• Headquarters: New Delhi

Additional Information

• National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD)​ is an apex regulatory body for the overall regulation and licensing of regional rural banks and apex cooperative banks in India.
• Founded: 12 July 1982
• Headquarters: Mumbai
• Chairperson: Harsh Kumar Bhanwala
• Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI) is a statutory body established under the Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India.
• Founded: August 2011
• Headquarters: New Delhi

The correct answer is Meenakshi Lekhi.

Key Points

• Meenakshi Lekhi is a politician from the Bhartiya Janata Party (BJP) and she's also its national spokesperson.
• She is currently the Member of Parliament from the New Delhi constituency and the Chairperson of the Privilege Committee of the Lok Sabha, the lower house of the parliament.
• She was the author of the New Delhi Conspiracy.

Additional Information

Books and authors:

The correct answer is Copper.

• Balaghat mines in Madhya Pradesh, Khetri mines in Rajasthan, and Singhbhum district of Jharkhand are the major producers of Copper.

Key Points

• The mines in India that produce 52% of India's Copper are Balaghat mines in Madhya Pradesh.
• The two leading copper production states of India are
• 52% of India's copper is produced in the Balaghat mine in Madhya Pradesh
• Another leading producing of copper is the Singbhum district of Jharkhand.
• Also, the Khetri mines in Rajasthan are the popular copper mines of India.

Additional Information

• Madhya Pradesh, the leading manganese ore producing State, accounted for 33% of the total production in 2018-19, which is followed by Maharashtra (27%) and Odisha (16%)
• By States, Odisha alone accounts for 51% of the country's resources of bauxite followed by Andhra Pradesh (16%), Gujarat (9%), Jharkhand (6%), Maharashtra (5%), and Madhya Pradesh & Chhattisgarh (4% each).
• Major bauxite resources are concentrated in the East Coast bauxite deposits in Odisha and Andhra Pradesh.
• In the financial year 2019, the eastern state of Odisha was the leading producer of iron ore in India.

The correct answer is EV Ramasamy Naicker.

• EV Ramasamy Naicker was a social reformer who argued that the untouchables were the real carriers of the original Tamil and Dravidian culture.

Key Points

• E V Ramasamy (1879-1973), popularly known as EVR, is hailed as ‘Periyar’ by his followers.
• He was a demagogue who used the social evils which were then prevalent or perceived, as a capital for his propaganda.
• He was neither a rationalist nor a humanist. He was anti-Hindu and pro-British.
• By equating him to Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar, many are doing a great disservice to the memory of Ambedkar, who was a great nation builder and a patriot.

Additional Information

• Ghasidas is also known as Guru Ghasidas, was Guru of the Satnampanth in the early 19th century.
• It was Guru Ghasidas who decided to start treating everyone the same in a deep forested part of Chhattisgarh, India.
• Jyotirao Govindrao Phule was an Indian social activist, thinker, anti-caste social reformer, and writer from Maharashtra.
• His work extended to many fields, including the eradication of untouchability and the caste system and for his efforts in educating women and exploited caste people.
• Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar, venerated as Babasaheb, was an Indian jurist, economist, politician, and social reformer.
• Who inspired the Dalit Buddhist movement and campaigned against social discrimination towards the untouchables

The correct answer is Cricket.

Key Points

• Vijay Hazare Trophy is also known as the Ranji One Day Trophy.
• It was started in 2002-03 as a limited-overs cricket domestic competition involving state teams from the Ranji Trophy plates.
• It is named after the famous Indian cricketer Vijay Hazare.

Additional Information

The correct answer is Rajasthan.

Key Points

• Ghoomar is a traditional folk dance of the Bhil tribe performed to worship Goddess Sarasvati which was later embraced by other Rajasthani communities.
• Ghoomar became popular in the Indian state of Rajasthan during the reigns of Rajput kings and is typically performed by women during gatherings.
• Other Folk Dance from Rajasthan are:
• Chakri, Ganagor, Jhulan Leela, Jhuma, Suisini, Ghapal, and Kalbeliya.

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Additional Information

• List of the Folks Dances from the Different States:-

The correct answer is the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR).

• Scientists of Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR) university have developed a new material called ‘black gold’ which can absorb light and carbon dioxide.

Key Points

• Tata Institute of Fundamental Research is a public deemed research university located in Mumbai, India that is dedicated to basic research in mathematics and the sciences.
• It is a Deemed University and works under the umbrella of the Department of Atomic Energy of the Government of India.
• Indian Scientists from the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR), Mumbai have developed a new material called 'black gold'.
• They rearranged the size and gaps of gold nanoparticles to develop the new material.
• It can absorb light and carbon dioxide.
• It can be used for applications that range from harvesting solar energy to desalinating seawater.
• It was published in Chemical Science, a scientific journal published by the Royal Society of Chemistry.

Additional Information

• Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur is a public technical and research university established by the government of India in Kharagpur, West Bengal, India.
• Established in 1951, the institute is the first of the IITs to be established and is recognized as an Institute of National Importance.
• ​Indian Institute of Technology Madras is a public technical and research university located in Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
• As one of the Indian Institutes of Technology, it is recognized as an Institute of National Importance.
• The Indian Institute of Science is a public, deemed, research university for higher education and research in science, engineering, design, and management.
• It is located in Bangalore, in the Indian state of Karnataka.

The correct answer is 

Key Points

• Removal of the chairman of the Union Public Service Commission by the President:
• ​Removed on the grounds of insolvent bankruptcy, paid employment, infirmity of mind.
• President can also remove him on the grounds for his misbehaviour.
• If he engaged in any paid employment outside the duties of his office during his term of office.
• However, in this case, the President has to refer the matter to the Supreme Court for an enquiry.
• If the Supreme Court upholds the cause President can remove him.
• The advice tendered by the Supreme Court in this regard is binding on the President.
• During the course of an enquiry by the Supreme Court, the President can suspend the chairman or the member of UPSC.

• Union Public Service Commission (UPSC):
• Part XIV
• Article 315: Public Service Commissions for Union and states.
• Article 316: Recruitment and conditions of service of persons serving the Union or a state
• UPSC is a central recruiting agency. It is an independent constitutional body.
• Apart from UPSC, Constitution provides provisions for the State Public Service Commission and Joint State Public Service Commission.

The correct answer is Presbyopia.

• The defect of vision in human beings in which the power of accommodation of the eye decreases with aging and the near point gradually recedes away is known as Presbyopia.

Key Points

• Presbyopia:
• ​The power of accommodation of the eye usually decreases with aging.
• For most people, the near point gradually recedes away.
• They find it difficult to see nearby objects comfortably and distinctly without corrective eyeglasses.
• This defect is called Presbyopia. It arises due to the gradual weakening of the ciliary muscles and diminishing flexibility of the eye lens.
• Sometimes, a person may suffer from both myopia and hypermetropia.
• Such people often require bifocal lenses.

Additional Information

• Hypermetropia:
• Long-sightedness, also known as hypermetropia or hyperopia is a common vision disorder.
• It results from the overall power of the eye not being strong enough, or the length of the eye being too short.
• A surgical correction is a treatment option for hypermetropia, including laser eye surgery and clear lens exchange.
• This defect can be corrected by using a convex lens of appropriate power.
• Myopia:
• ​Nearsightedness (myopia) is a common vision condition in which you can see objects near to you clearly, but objects farther away are blurry.
• It occurs when the shape of your eye causes light rays to bend (refract) incorrectly, focusing images in front of your retina instead of on your retina.
• Cataract:
• ​A cataract is a clouding of the normally clear lens of your eye.
• For people who have cataracts, seeing through cloudy lenses is a bit like looking through a frosty or fogged-up window.
• The main symptom is blurry vision.

The correct answer is Alkali Soil.

• Alkali Soil is reclaimed by applying Gypsum.

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Key Points

• Alkali soils are also called black soils.
• Alkali or Alkaline, soils are clay soils with high pH, a poor soil structure, and a low infiltration capacity.
• Often they have a hard calcareous layer at 0.5 - 1 meter depth.
• They are reclaimed by applying Gypsum.
• The Base Exchange capacity of black soil is quite high.
• These are found in Gujarat, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, and Chennai.

Additional Information   

• Saline soils are called white alkali soils.
• Saline soil is a term used to describe excessive levels of soluble salts in the soil water (soil solution).
• High enough to negatively affect plant growth, resulting in reduced crop yields and even plant death under severe conditions
• Red soil is a type of soil that develops in a warm, temperate, moist climate under deciduous or mixed forest, having thin organic and organic-mineral layers black brown leached layer resting on an illuvium red layer.
• They are named after their rich red color, which is due to their high iron content.
• The alluvium is loose clay, silt, sand, or gravel that has been deposited by running water in a stream bed, on a floodplain, in an alluvial fan or beach, or in similar settings.
• The alluvium is also sometimes called the alluvial deposit.
• The alluvium is typically geologically young and is not consolidated into solid rock

The correct answer is Both I and II.

• Both statements regarding the use of bleaching powder are correct.

Key Points

• Bleaching powder is a pale yellowish powder existing with a strong smell of chlorine.
• It is soluble in water but due to the presence of impurities, we never observe a clear solution.
• Its chemical formula is Ca(OCl₂) with its chemical name as Calcium hypochlorite.
• Bleaching powder (CaOCl₂ ​) has many uses and some of them are as follows:
• It is used in bleaching dirty clothes in launder, as a bleaching agent in cotton and linen in the textile industry.
• Due to the evolution of nascent oxygen.
• It is used as an oxidizing agent in the chemical industries.
• It can be used as a disinfectant which can be used for disinfecting water to make it potable.

The correct answer is Minister of War and Peace.

• During the reign of Samudragupta, the meaning of Sandhi-Vigrahika was Minister of War and Peace.

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Key Points

• In Ancient India, the Gupta Dynasty was founded by Sri Gupta.
• Samudragupta was a famous ruler of a dynasty known as the Guptas.
• We know about Samudragupta from a long inscription actually a poem in Sanskrit, composed by his court poet Harisena.
• This was inscribed on the Ashokan pillar at Allahabad.
• This inscription is of the special kind known as prashasti, a Sanskrit word, meaning ‘in praise of.
• The poet praised the king in glowing terms as a warrior, as a king who won victories in battle, who was learned, and the best of poets.
• He is also described as equal to the gods.
• Important Facts about Samudragupta 
• ​He was the real Maharajadhiraja.
• He was a great patron of art and was titled ‘Kaviraj’ for his love for poems.
• His period of rule was called the Swarn Yug (Golden Age) of India.
• After conquering the territories, Samudragupta celebrated by performing the Asvamedha (horse sacrifice).
• He issued coins with the legend “restorer of the Asvamedha”.
• It is because of his military achievements that Samudragupta was hailed as the ‘Indian Napoleon’.

The correct answer is Post of Vice-President.

Key Points

• Post of Vice-President is borrowed from US Constitution.
• The "Method of Election of the president" and procedure of "Members nomination to the Rajya Sabha by the President" from the Irish Constitution (Ireland).
• It is true that our constitution had borrowed some features from the world constitution but drafted them according to the Historical prospect, Geographical variety, Cultural and traditional aspects of India.
• The purpose of DPSPs is to secure social, economic, political justice, and dignity & welfare of the individual.
• Dr. B. R. Ambedkar defined these principles as ‘Novel Features’ of the Constitution.
• The DPSPs and the Fundamental Rights comprise the outlook of the Constitution.

Additional Information

• Provision taken from US Constitution is

1. ​Fundamental Rights
2. Independence of Judiciary
3. Judicial review
4. Impeachment of President
5. Post of Vice-President
6. Removal of Judges of Supreme Court and High Courts.

The correct answer is Gymnosperm.

Key Points

• The gymnosperms (Gymnos: naked, Sperma: seeds) are planted in which the ovules are not enclosed by any ovary wall and remain exposed, both before and after fertilization.
• Gymnosperms include medium-sized trees or tall trees and shrubs.
• Gymnosperms are mainly classified into two groups:
• Cycadophyta (Lower gymnosperm)
• Coniferophyta (Higher gymnosperm)
• Cycas, Pinus and Ginkgo are examples of Gymnosperm.

Additional Information

• Thallophyta
• The plant body is not differentiated from roots, stems, and leaves.
• They are commonly called algae.
• Bryophyta
• These are small terrestrial plants.
• They show differentiation in the body design, with stem, leaf-like structures, and root-like structures.
• ​​Angiosperms
• Angiosperms are seed-bearing plants. Seeds develop inside tissues that get modified to form the fruit of the plant.

The correct answer is the Deccan Development Society (DDS).

• Deccan Development Society (DDS) was awarded United Nation’s Equator Prize for 2019 for their outstanding effort for nature-based solutions to climate change and sustainable development.

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Key Points

• The women farmers, the majority of them are Dalits, have been building their own seed banks and growing millets in the predominantly rain-fed villages of Sangareddy district.
• To mark the achievement, the DDS is felicitating six women for their contribution to the ecology and innovations in rainfed millet cultivation.
• The six women farmers are
• Maisanagari Ratnamma, Begari Tuljamma, Chilkapalli Ansuyamma, Nagwar Sunandamma, Yerrolla Kanakamma, and Nadimidoddi Anjamma.
• “This year, a total of 847 nominations have been received by the UN from 127 countries.
• Of them, only 20 were given this prestigious award,” said PV Satheesh, Director, DDS.

Additional Information

• The National Wildlife Federation is the United States' largest private, nonprofit conservation education and advocacy organization, with over six million members and supporters, and 51 state and territorial affiliated organizations
• ​Headquarters: Reston, Virginia, United States
• Founder: Ding Darling
• Founded: February 1936
• The United Nations is an intergovernmental organization aiming to maintain international peace and security, develop friendly relations among nations, achieve international cooperation, and be a center for harmonizing the actions of nations.
• ​Headquarters: New York
• Founded: 24 October 1945
• Secretary general: António Guterres

Given:

5 men can complete a work in 40 days

6 women can complete the same work in 30 days

Concept:

(Men₁ × Days₁ × Hours₁)/W₁ = (Men₂ × Days₂ × Hours₂)/W₂

Calculation:

Let be assume 20 men and 18 women can complete the work in X days

⇒ The efficiency of men = 1/(5 × 40) = 1/200

⇒ The efficiency of women = 1/(6 × 30) = 1/180

⇒ (20X/200) + (18X/180) = 1

⇒ X/10 + X/10 = 1

⇒ (X + X)/10 = 1

⇒ 2X = 10

⇒ X = 5

∴ The required result will be 5.

Given:

The total number of votes is 1600

The 15% of total votes are invalid

Concept:

Percentage of gain marks = {(The gain marks)/(The total number of marks)} × 100

Calculation:

⇒ The total number of votes = 1600

⇒ The total number of valid votes = (100 - 15)/100  × (1600) = (85/100) × 1600 = 16 × 85 = 1360

⇒ The candidate P reciecved the votes = (45/100) × 1360 = 612

⇒ The candidate R received the votes = (25/100) × 1360 = 340

⇒ The R received less than votes from P = 612 - 340 = 272

∴ The required result will be 272.

Given:

The total rupees is Rs. 240

Concept:

The total rupees = (Number of coins) × (The value of the coin)

Calculation:

Let be assume each number of the coin is x

⇒ 240 = x + 2x + 5x

⇒ 8x = 240

⇒ x = 240/8 = 30

⇒ The total number of coin = 3 × 30 = 90

∴ The required result will be 90.

$(8^2 \times 512)^{2/5} \div \left( \frac{1}{16} \right)^{-2}$

$(8^2 \times 8^3)^{2/5} \div \left({16} \right)^{2}$

$(8^{2+3})^{2/5} \div \left({16} \right)^{2}$

$(8^5)^{2/5} \div \left({16} \right)^{2}$

\()

$\frac{64}{16 \times 16}$

$\frac{1}{4}$

Given:

√12 + √3, √11 + 2, √5 + √10 and 1 + √14

Concept:

If A is greater than B then A > B

Calculation:

⇒ √12 + √3 = 3.46 + 1.73 = 5.19

⇒ √11 + 2 = 3.31 + 2 = 5.31

⇒ √5 + √10 = 2.23 + 3.16 = 5.39

⇒ 1 + √14 = 1 + 3.74 = 4.74

⇒ (√5 + √10) > (√11 + 2) > (√12 + √3) > (1 + √14)

∴ The required result will be (√5 + √10).

Given:

The given expression is 87N4

Concept:

A number is divisible by 8 if the last 3 digits of the number are divisible by 8

Calculation:

⇒ 87N4

⇒ The possible value of N = 0, 4, 8

⇒ If we will put the value of N then the given number will be divisible by 8

∴ The required result will be 4.

Given data :

ratio of total number of students appeared in year Y1 and Y3 = (3000 + 4200)

⇒ 7200

total number of students appeared in all the five years together = (3000 + 4000 + 4200 + 5000 + 6000)

⇒ 22200

according to the question:

Required ratio = 7200 : 22200

⇒ 36 : 111

Given:

The sum is 14000 and time is 9 year

The rate is 14%

Concept:

Simple interest = (Principle × Rate × Time)/100

Calculation:

⇒ The simple interest = (14000 × 14 × 9)/100 = 140 × 14 × 9 = 1960 × 9 = 17640

∴ The required result will be 17640.

Given:

The diameter of the wheel of a cycle is 21 cm or 0.21 m

The speed of cyclist is 72.6 km/h

The time taken by the cyclist to complete the journey is 150 minutes or 9000 seconds

Concept:

The circumference of the wheel = 2 × π × (The radius of the circle)

Distance = Speed × Time

Calculation:

⇒ The total distance covered by cyclists = 9000 × 72.6 × (5/18) = 500 × 72.6 × 5 = 2500 × 72.6 = 181500 m

⇒ The cyclist can cover the distance in one round of wheel = 2 × (22/7) × (The radius of the wheel)

⇒ 2 × (22/7) × (0.21/2) = 44 × (3/200) = 0.66 m

⇒ The total rounds taken by cyclist = 181500/0.66 = 275000

∴ The required result will be 275000.

Given:

Loss of Raman = 16.66%

Profit of Rajat = 50%

The selling price of both articles = Rs 1200

Formula Used:

Profit% = (SP - CP)/CP × 100

Loss% = (CP - SP)/CP × 100

where CP → Cost Price, SP → Selling Price

Calculations:

Cost Price of Raman be "A"

16.66% = (A - 1200)/1200 × 100 (Base will be 1200 Since Raman calculates profit/loss on selling price)

A = 1400

Cost Price of Rajat be "B"

50% = (1200 - B)/B × 100

B = 800

Required Percentage = (Cost price of Raman’s/cost price of Rajat’s article) × 100 

= (1400/800) × 100

= 175%

Given:

The first 14 positive odd number

Concept:

The sum of first n positive odd number = n × n = n²

The average = (The sum of all numbers)/(The total numbers)

Calculation:

⇒ The sum of first positive odd number = 14 × 14 = 196

⇒ The average of the numbers = 196/14 = 14

∴ The required result will be 14.

Given:

Two-digit numbers

Concept:

N^th term of arithmetic progression = First term + (Number of term - 1) × Common difference

Calculation:

Let be assume the first term is 10 and the last term is 95 which is divisible by 5 and the common difference is 5 and the total term is n

⇒ The number two-digit numbers is divisible by 5 

⇒ 95 = 10 + (n - 1) × 5

⇒ n = 18, So 18 numbers of two-digit is divisible by 5

⇒ The total two-digit number = 90

⇒ The two-digit number which is not divisible by 5 = 90 - 18 = 72

∴ The required result will be 72.

Given:

The speed of man is 30 km/h and 3 km/h respectively

Concept:

Distance = Speed × Time

Calculation:

Let be assume the distance is D

⇒ D/30 + D/3 = 22

⇒ D + 10D = 30 × 22

⇒ 11D = 30 × 22

⇒ D = 30 × 2 = 60

Total distance = 60×2

⇒ 120

∴ The required result will be 120.

Given data :

difference between the number of factory outlets in C5 city and C1 = (76 - 40)

⇒ 36

the number of factory outlets in C6 city = 85

according to the question,

Required percentage = (36/85) × 100

⇒ 0.4235 × 100

⇒ 42.35 %

Shortcut Trick

Profit Ratio = (9 × 4) : (6 × 12) : (15 × 8)

Ratio (Rahul : Raman : Mohan) = 36 : 72 : 120 = 3 : 6 : 10

Total Ratio parts = 3 + 6 + 10 = 19

19 units → Rs 57,000

Mohan share (10 units) = (57,000 ÷ 19) × 10 = 30,000

∴ The correct answer is Rs 30000.

Alternate Method

Given:

Rahul investment = Rs 9,000 for 4 months

Raman investment = Rs 6,000 for 12 months

Mohan investment = Rs 15,000 for 8 months (12 − 4 = 8)

Total Profit = Rs 57,000

Formula Used:

Profit Share Ratio = (Capital₁ × Time₁) : (Capital₂ × Time₂) : (Capital₃ × Time₃)

Partnership Investment Distribution (Capital × Time)

9k × 4m Rahul

6k × 12m Raman

15k × 8m Mohan

Calculations:

⇒ Ratio of Profit = (9000 × 4) : (6000 × 12) : (15000 × 8)

⇒ Ratio of Profit = 36000 : 72000 : 120000

⇒ Dividing each term by 12000:

⇒ Ratio = 3 : 6 : 10

⇒ Total ratio parts = 3 + 6 + 10 = 19

⇒ 19 units = 57,000

⇒ 1 unit = 57000 ÷ 19 = 3,000

⇒ Mohan's share = 10 × 3,000 = 30,000

∴ The correct answer is Rs 30000.

Additional Information

Capital and Time Relationship

Profit is directly proportional to both capital and time. If time is equal for all, profit ratio equals capital ratio.

Compound Partnership

When partners invest for different time periods, it is called a compound partnership. Use Profit₁ : Profit₂ = C₁T₁ : C₂T₂.

Investment Calculation

Capital = Profit ÷ Time. This is used to find the investment when profit and time ratios are given.

Given:

The present age of the father and his son is 110

The ratio of age of father and son 5 years ago is 7 : 3

Concept:

If the sum of the age of A and B is X then the age of A is (X - B) and age of B is (X - A)

Calculation:

Let be assume the present age of father is F and the present age of son is S

⇒ F + S = 110  ..... (1)

⇒ (F - 5)/(S - 5) = 7/3 ..... (2)

⇒ By equation (1) and (2)

⇒ (F - 5)/(110 - F - 5) = 7/3

⇒ F = 75 and S = 35

⇒ Ratio of the age of father and son after 20 year = (75 + 20)/(35 + 20) = 95/55 = 19/11

∴ The required result will be 19/11.

Given:

Area of rectangle = 3888 cm2

Ratio of length and breadth of a rectangle = 4 : 3

Concept Used:

Perimeter of Rectangle = Perimeter of Semicircle

Formulae Used:

Area of Rectangle = Length × Breadth

Area of Semicircle = π(Radius)²/2

Perimeter of Semicircle = (π + 2)Radius

Perimeter of Rectangle = 2(Length + Breadth)

Calculations:

Let the length of the rectangle be 4x and breadth be 3x

So, According to question

3888 = 4x × 3x = 12x²

x² = 3888/12 = 324

x = 18

Length = 72, breadth = 54

Perimeter of Rectangle = 2(72 + 54) = 252 cm

252 = (π + 2)Radius

Radius = 49

Area of Semicircle = π(49)2/2

Area of Semicircle = 3773 cm²

Given: 

Number of wathces repaired D1 = 18

Number of wathces repaired D3 = 27

Number of wathces repaired D4 = 30

Number of wathces repaired D5 = 32

Calculation:

According to the question,

E, D3 and D5 represent the total number of watches repaired in a day,

Then, total watches repaired by E = D3 + D5 = 27 + 32 = 59

Again,

F, D1 and D4 represent the total number of repairs in the day, 

Then, total watches repaired by F =  D1 + D4 = 18 + 30 = 48

Required Percentage = (59/48) × 100 = 122.91%

∴ E is 122.91% of F

Given:

Sides of the plot = 24 m, 10m, 15 m and 15 m

Angle between two sides = 90

Formulae used:

Pythagoras Theorem

 (Hypotenuse)2 = (Perpendicular)2 + (Base)2

Herons’ Formulae 

Area of Triangle = $√ {s\left( {s - a} \right)\left( {s - b} \right)\left( {s - c} \right)}$

Where "s" is semi perimeter = (a + b + c)/2

Calculation:

Cosidering ABCD as the plot,

AB = 24 m

AD = 10 m

BC = CD = 15 m

Area of plot = Area of ∆ABD + Area of ∆BCD

Area of ∆ABD = 24 × 10/2 = 120 m²

Area of ∆BCD will be calculated using Heron's formulae

s = (15 + 15 + 26)/2 = 28

Area of ∆BCD = $√ {28\left( {28 - 15} \right)\left( {28 - 15} \right)\left( {28 - 26} \right)}$

Area of ∆BCD = $√ {28\left( {13} \right)\left( {13} \right)\left( {2} \right)}$ = 26√14 m²

Area of plot = (120 + 26√14) m2

Given:

$A = \frac{5+6-7 \times 2 \div 5 + 8 \div10}{3}$

$B = \frac{8+5-6 + 8+ 3}{3}$

Concept used:

Calculation:

Calculating

$A = \frac{5+6-7 \times 2 \div 5 + 8 \div10}{3}$

$A = \frac{5+6-\frac{14}{5} + \frac{4}{5}}{3}$

$A = \frac{5+\frac{16}{5} + \frac{4}{5}}{3}$

$A = \frac{9}{3}$ = 3

and

$B = \frac{8+5-6 + 8+ 3}{3}$

$B = \frac{8-1 + 8+ 3}{3}$

$B = \frac{7 + 8+ 3}{3}$

$B = \frac{18}{3}$ = 6

So,

A + B = 9

इसका सही उत्तर विकल्प 1 होगा, अन्य विकल्प सही नहीं हैं।

• बाल - बाल बच जाना मुहावरे का उचित अर्थ ‘मुश्किल से बचना’ है।

वाक्य प्रयोग- विमान दुर्घटना में सभी यात्री बाल-बाल बच गए।

अन्य विकल्प:

Additional Information

‘मुहावरे’ का अर्थ बोलचाल की भाषा में सांकेतिक रूप से किसी भाव को प्रकट करना होता है। जैसे- आँखों का तारा

दौड़ में रमेश का स्थान पाँचवा रहा - यह वाक्य कारक की दृष्टि से शुद्ध वाक्य है, इसमें 'का' परसर्ग सम्बन्ध कारक की तरफ इंगित करता है। 

Key Points

अन्य विकल्प:

• दौड़ में रमेश ने स्थान पर पाँचवा रहा - इस वाक्य में 'ने' परसर्ग कर्ता की ओर इंगित करता है।
• दौड़ में रमेश का स्थानं पाँचवां रहा - इस वाक्य में स्थानं शब्द अशुद्ध लिखा हुआ है।
• रमेश ने दौड़ में पाँचवी स्थान हासिल किया - इस वाक्य में लिंग अशुद्धि है।

Additional Information

कारक- संज्ञा या सर्वनाम का क्रिया से सम्बन्ध जिस रूप से जाना जाता है, उसे कारक कहते हैं। हिंदी में जिनकी संख्या आठ मानी गई है, जो निम्नलिखित हैं:-

दिये गए मुहावरे का उचित अर्थ विकल्प 4 होगा। अन्य विकल्प सही नहीं हैं।

Additional Information

अन्य विकल्प:

Important Points

‘मुहावरे’ का अर्थ बोलचाल की भाषा में सांकेतिक रूप से किसी भाव को प्रकट करना होता है। जैसे- आँखों से गिरना, आकाश से बातें करना

दिए गये वाक्य में 'वह' शब्द सर्वनाम का बोध कराता है। 

स्कूल याने विद्यालय 

के साथ - सम्बन्ध का बोध कराता है।  

Key Points

'वह’ शब्द ‘पुरूषवाचक सर्वनाम’ का उदाहरण है। 

Additional Information

लोभी का विलोम शब्द 'निर्लोभी' होता है। 

Key Points

• ‘लोभी’ शब्द का उचित विलोम शब्द ‘निर्लोभी’ होगा।
• ‘लोभी’ विशेषण शब्द है जिसका अर्थ ‘लालची’ है और ‘निर्लोभी’ का अर्थ ‘जिसे किसी प्रकार का लोभ न हो।’ होगा।

अन्य विकल्प:

Additional Information

Confusion Points

• लोभी का विलोम निर्लोभी होता है।
• अलोभी ऐसा शब्द लोभी के विलोम के लिए होता नही है।

हाय _____ मैं तो कहीं का नहीं रहा ____ यहाँ पर पहले रिक्त स्थान में विस्मयादिबोधक चिन्ह और अंत में विराम चिन्ह आएगा।

Key Points

विराम चिन्ह – भाषा के लिखित रूप में विशेष स्थानों पर रुकने का संकेत करने वाले चिन्हों को विराम चिन्ह कहते हैं।

'दीपक रोता नहीं हैं।' इस वाक्य में कर्ता की प्रधानता का बोध होता है। अतः विकल्प 2 'दीपक रोता नहीं हैं' सही विकल्प है।

Key Points

• वाच्य: क्रिया का वह रूपांतरण है जिसके द्वारा यह पता चलता है कि वाक्य में कर्ता, कर्म या भाव में से किसकी प्रधानता है।
• वाच्य के तीन भेद है।
• कर्तु वाच्य
• कर्म वाच्य
• भाव वाच्य

    कर्तु वाच्य:

• क्रिया के उस रूपांतरण को कर्तु वाच्य कहते है, जिससे वाक्य में कर्ता की प्रधानता का बोध होता है। यह वाच्य सकर्मक और अकर्मक दोनो से बनता है।
• जैसे: आज हम यही रुकेगे।
• प्रश्नपत्र बनाया गया यह वाक्य कर्मवाच्य का उदाहरण है।

Confusion Points

• पहलवान से दौडा नहीं जाता। इस वाच्य में प्रायः नकारात्मक वाक्य होते हैं। भाववाच्य में अकर्मक क्रिया का प्रयोग होता है।

इसका सही उत्तर विकल्प 3 ‘प्रत्यक्ष’ होगा ।

Key Points

‘जो आंखो के सामने हो' - वाक्यांश के लिए एक शब्द ‘प्रत्यक्ष’ होता है।

अन्य विकल्प:

Additional Information

वाक्यांश- भाषा को सुंदर, आकर्षक और प्रभावशाली बनाने के लिए अनेक शब्दों के स्थान पर एक शब्द का प्रयोग किया जाता है तो वह वाक्यांश के लिए एक शब्द कहलाता है।

दिए गए विकल्पों में उचित उत्तर विकल्प 2 ‘अजन्त’ है। अन्य विकल्प अनुचित उत्तर हैं।

Key Points

• ‘अजन्त’ शब्द का उचित संधि-विच्छेद ‘अच् + अन्त’। यह व्यंजन संधि का उदाहरण है।
• जब किसी वर्ग के पहले वर्ण क्, च्, ट्, त्, प् का मिलन किसी वर्ग के तीसरे या चौथे वर्ण से या य्, र्, ल्, व्, ह से या किसी स्वर से हो जाये तो क् को ग्, च् को ज्, ट् को ड्, त् को द्, और प् को ब् में बदल दिया जाता है।
• अगर स्वर मिलता है तो जो स्वर की मात्रा होगी वो हलन्त वर्ण में लग जाएगी लेकिन अगर व्यंजन का मिलन होता है तो वे हलन्त ही रहेंगे।

Additional Information

दिए गए विकल्पों में स्वास्थ्य शब्द की वर्तनी शुद्ध है। अत: सही विकल्प 3 ‘स्वास्थ्य’ है। अन्य सभी शब्दों की वर्तनी त्रुटि पूर्ण हैं।

स्वास्थ्य का अर्थ - नीरोगता और आरोग्य होता है।

Key Points

अन्य प्रमुख शुद्ध वर्तनी:

Additional Information

दिए गये वाक्य में 'मुझे' उत्तम पुरुष सर्वनाम का उदाहरण है। अतः 'मुझे' सही विकल्प है,अन्य सभी विकल्प असंगत है।

Key Points

• संज्ञा के स्थान पर प्रयुक्त होने वाले शब्दो को 'सर्वनाम' कहते है।
• जैसे: मै, हम, तुम, हम।
• पुरुषवाचक सर्वनाम: जो पुरुषो (पुरुष या स्त्री) के नाम के बदले आते है, उन्हें पुरुषवाचक सर्वनाम कहते है।
• पुरुषवाचक सर्वनाम तीन प्रकार के होते है।

अन्य विकल्प:

उपरोक्त विकल्पों में 'मीन' का पर्यायवाची शब्द 'मत्स्य' है। अत: विकल्प मत्स्य इसका सही उत्तर है। 

मीन के पर्यायवाची शब्द - मत्स्य, जलजीवन, शफरी, मकर, मछली

Key Points

अन्य विकल्प:

Additional Information

विशेष:

दादा जी मुझे खेल प्रतियोगिता के लिए चुन लिया गया हैं - इस वाक्य में दादाजी शब्द के बाद अल्पविराम (,) और वाक्य के अंत में पूर्ण विराम (।) आएगा। 

Key Points

विराम चिन्ह – भाषा के लिखित रूप में विशेष स्थानों पर रुकने का संकेत करने वाले चिन्हों को विराम चिन्ह कहते हैं।

दिए गए विकल्पों में सही उत्तर विकल्प 1 ‘कर्मधारय समास’ है। अन्य विकल्प इसके अनुचित उत्तर हैं।

उपर्युक्त विकल्पों में ‘कनकलता’ शब्द ‘कर्मधारय समास’ का उदाहरण है। इसका समास विग्रह है ‘कनक की सी लता’।

Key Points

Additional Information

 अन्य विकल्प:

वह पुस्तक कहाँ हैं जो कल मेज पर रखी थी। - यह वाक्य मिश्र वाक्य का उदाहरण है।

Key Points 

अन्य विकल्पों का विश्लेषण:

• वह पुस्तक कहाँ है। - यह वाक्य सरल वाक्य का उदाहरण है।
• वह पुस्तक कहाँ हैं और मेज पर रखी थी। - यह वाक्य संयुक्त वाक्य का उदाहरण है।

Additional Information

हिन्दी भाषा को भारत संघ की 'राजभाषा' के रूप में मान्यता दी गई थी।

राजभाषा - संघ की राजभाषा हिंदी और लिपि देवनागरी है । संघ के शासकीय प्रयोजनों के लिए प्रयोग होने वाले अंकों का रूप भारतीय अंकों का अंतराष्ट्रीय रूप है {संविधान का अनुच्छेद 343 (1)}।

Key Points

अन्य विकल्प:

• संपर्क भाषा - भाषी वर्गों के बीच संप्रेषण (communication) के लिए जिस भाषा का प्रयोग किया जाता है, वह सम्पर्क भाषा कहलाती हैं।
• संघ भाषा - जिस राज्य या संघ में रहते हो, वहाँ की भाषा।
• विरोधी भाषा - किसी के विरुद्ध बोली जाने वाली भाषा।

हिन्दी भारत के अधिकाँश लोगो द्वारा पढी और बोले जाने वाली भाषा है, अतः वह विचारों के आदान - प्रदान का 'सशक्त' माध्यम है। 

सशक्त - शक्ति के साथ की जाने वाली गतिविधि। 

Key Points

अन्य विकल्प:

• कमजोर - अभाव दर्शाने वाली गतिविधि।
• शक्तिहीन - शक्ति का अभाव होना।
• सुशोभित - जो सुन्दर दिखाई दे।

हिन्दी भाषा में सभी गुण माने गये है 

हिन्दी भाषा भारत की राजभाषा है, और भारत के सभी लोगो को जोड़े रखने का कार्य करती है 

Key Points

अन्य विकल्प:

• अवधी - अवध क्षेत्र की भाषा अवधी कहलाती है, जो हिन्दी की एक उपभाषा है। अवधी का प्राचीन साहित्य बड़ा संपन्न है। इसमें भक्ति काव्य और प्रेमाख्यान काव्य दोनों का विकास हुआ।
• खडी - खड़ी बोली वह भाषा है जो मोटे तौर पर आज की मानक हिन्दी का एक पूर्वरूप है। भाषाविज्ञान की दृष्टि से इसे आदर्श (स्टैंडर्ड) हिन्दी, उर्दू तथा हिन्दुस्तानी की आधार स्वरूप बोली होने का गौरव प्राप्त है। खड़ी बोली से एक तात्पर्य उस बोली से है जिसपर ब्रजभाषा या अवधी आदि की छाप न हो।
• ​बंगाल - यह बांग्लादेश के समीप भारत का एक प्रदेश है, जिसकी राजधानी कोलकाता है।

इस गद्यांश में 'राजभाषा हिन्दी का महत्त्व' इस विषय पर बल दिया है, अतः विकल्प 2 सही उत्तर है।

राजभाषा हिन्दी का महत्व - जो प्रशासकीय कार्यो में काम आने वाली भाषा हो। 

Key Points

अन्य विकल्प:

• अवधी भाषा का महत्व - अवध क्षेत्र की भाषा।
• अंग्रेज़ी भाषा का महत्व - अंग्रेज लोगो द्ववारा बोली जाने वाली भाषा।
• संघ भाषा का महत्व - संघ (राज्य) के द्वारा प्रयुक्त होने वाली भाषा।

स्वतंत्रता के बाद संविधान सभा ने हिंदी भाषा को 14 सितम्बर 1949 को मान्यता दी थी। अन्य विकल्प असंगत है।

Key Points

गद्यांश में आया हुआ उल्लेख:

• स्वतंत्रता के बाद भारत की संविधान सभा ने 14 सितम्बर 1949 को हिंदीभाषा को भारत संघ की राजभाषा के रूप में मान्यता दी थी।

The correct answer is 'for finish the work ', i.e. the error lies in this part of the sentence.

Key Points

• The error lies in the incorrect usage of the preposition 'for'.
• 'for' needs to be replaced with 'to'.
• When there are two verbs in a sentence, the second verb is used with the preposition 'to'.
• Example: He wants to go home.
• Thus, the correct answer is option 3.

Therefore, the  correct sentence is: 'The editor gave him the deadline to finish the work.'

The correct answer is 'SQPR'.

Key Points

• Statement S will be the first in sequence as it is introducing the subject of the sentence i.e. 'Sunderban tigers'.
• Statement Q will follow Statement S as it connects the subject i.e. 'sunderban tigers' with its linking verb 'are'.
• Statement P will follow statement Q as it the problem that the 'sunderban tigers' are facing.
• Statement R will be the last part.

Therefore, the correct sequence is SQPR

• Sequence**:**
• S: sunderban tigers
• Q: are facing
• P: shortage of a
• R: natural fodder

The correct answer is 'had died'.

Key Points

• The error lies in the incorrect usage of the verb 'died'.
• 'Died' needs to be replaced with 'had died'.
• The given sentence is an example of the past perfect tense.
• Past perfect tense: The past perfect, also called the pluperfect, is a verb tense used to talk about actions that were completed before some point in the past because of this it is called past of past.
• Structure:
• Subject + had + the third form of verb.
• Example: Paul tried to hide the vase because he had broken it.
• Thus, from above we can conclude that the correct answer is option 4.

Therefore, the correct sentence is: 'The lady had died before she reached the hospital.'

The correct answer is 'Immoral'.

Key Points

• Immoral: applies to one who acts contrary to or does not obey or conform to standards of morality.
• Example: It’s immoral to be rich while people are starving and homeless.
• Thus, the correct answer is option 4.

Additional Information

• Let's explore the other options:

The correct answer is 'No error'.

Key Points

• There is no error in the given statement or we can say that this statement is grammatically and contextually correct.
• In the part, A of the sentence the usage of the verb 'is' is correct as the subject i.e. 'news' is a collective noun and collective nouns are generally treated as singular which means they take singular verb after them.
• 'Too good to be true': This clause is in the structure: too+ adjective+to-infinitive and is therefore correct.
• Thus, this question requires no improvement.

Additional Information

• Collective noun: A collective noun is a word or phrase that refers to a group of people or things as one entity.

The correctly spelt word is 'Conscience'.

Key Points

• Conscience: the part of your mind that tells you whether what you are doing is morally right or wrong.
• Example: Well, at least I can face them all with a clear conscience (=the knowledge that you have done nothing wrong).
• Thus, we can conclude the correct answer is option 3.
• Let's explore the correct spelling of other options:
• Height: the topmost point of anything
• Fiery: consisting of fire or burning strongly and brightly.
• Existence: The fact or state of living or having objective reality.

The correct answer is 'to'.

Key Points

• Date back to: It is an idiom which means to have been made in or to have come into being in (a certain time in the past).
• Example: They found jewelry dating back to the 1700s.
• Thus, 'to' will be used in the blank.

Therefore, the correct sentence is: 'The origin of ice-cream dates back to nearly half-a-century.'

The correct answer is 'Avoid'.

Key Points

• Let's explore the meaning of the marked word and the given word.
• Forgo: to not do or have something pleasant or enjoyable.
• Example: I had to forgo lunch.
• Avoid: to stay away from someone or something, or not use something.
• Example: Everyone seemed to be avoiding Nick.
• From above, we can refer that the correct answer is option 3.

Additional Information

• Let's explore other options:

The correct answer is 'No improvement'.

Key Points

• There is no error in the given statement.
• Here, 'Kansals' is a proper noun as it specifies the family name.
• 'Belongs to' has been used to indicate possession.  
• For eg  - The money belongs to him.  
  

                The house belongs not just to her, but to her husband as well.

• Therefore, based on the above points, the correct answer is Option 2.

The correct answer is 'Someone loved very much'.

Key Points

• Apple of someone's eye: It is an idiomatic phrase that means a favourite, a particular preference, or a loved one; the object of somebody's affections.(किसी की आँख का तारा, पसंदीदा)
  
• Example: He has five kids, but his only daughter is clearly the apple of his eye.
• Thus, the correct answer is option 1.

The correct answer is 'hung'.

Key Points

• If we look at the context of the sentence, it is clear that the sentence is in the simple past tense.
• Simple past tense: It is defined as the action started in past, finished in past, and has no relation with the present.
• Structure:
• Subject+ the second form of verb.
• Example: He played tennis.
• Thus, 'hung' will be used in the blank.

Therefore, the correct answer is: 'She hung her portrait in the main hall.' 

• There can be confusion between 'hung' and 'hanged' as both have 'hang' as their first form.
• The difference is in the meaning, we use “hanged” as the past tense of “hang” when discussing an execution or suicide. For all other meanings of “hang,” we use “hung” as the past tense form.
• Thus, 'hung' will be used in the blank.

The correct answer is 'Lethargy'.

Key Points

• Let's explore the meaning of the marked word and the given word.
• Apathy: lack of interest, enthusiasm, or concern.
• Example: The campaign failed because of public apathy.
• Lethargy: a lack of energy and enthusiasm.
• Example: Symptoms include loss of appetite, lethargy, and vomiting.
• From above, we can refer that the correct answer is option 2.

Additional Information

• Let's explore other options:

The correctly spelt word is 'Argument'.

Key Points

• Argument: a situation in which two or more people disagree, often angrily.
• Example: She had a big argument with her husband.
• Thus, we can say that the correct answer is option 3.

The correct answer is 'PQRS'.

Key Points

• Statement P will be the first in sequence as it is introducing the subject of the sentence i.e. 'There'.
• Statement Q will follow Statement P as it connects the demonstrative pronoun 'there' with its noun 'chess'.
• Statement R will follow statement Q as it states what is the type of chess it is.
• Statement R will be the last part.

Therefore, the correct sequence is PQRS

• Sequence**:**
• P: There is a
• Q: type of chess
• R: with short
• S: time limits

The correct answer is 'Read or work late into the night.'

Key Points

• Burn the midnight oil: It is an idiomatic phrase that means to work or study until late at night. (यह एक मुहावरा है जिसका अर्थ है देर रात तक काम करना या पढ़ाई करना)
• Example: Lawmakers were burning the midnight oil last night, as the debate continued.
• Therefore, the correct answer is option 4.

The correct answer is 'Changing role of home economists as a result of changes in the world'.

Key Points

• The passage as in whole focuses on the changing role of home economists as a result of changes in the world.
• Other options focus on more specific ideas of the passage.
• Thus, the correct answer is option 3.

The correct answer is 'Becoming widely available to a populace.'

Key Points

• Let's refer to the following lines of the passage:
• The democratisation of fashion continued through the 20th century as the ready-to-wear market expanded and home sewing became more of a pastime than necessity.
• From the above we can refer that the correct answer is option 4, as if the market is expanded then things will be available to a large range of people.

The correct answer is 'Adequacy'.

Key Points

• Let's explore the meaning of the marked word and the given word.
• Efficiency: the quality of doing something well and effectively, without wasting time, money, or energy.
• Example: The company is taking steps to improve efficiency and reduce costs.
• Adequacy: the fact of being enough or satisfactory for a particular purpose.
• Example: The adequacy of public healthcare has been brought into question.
• From above, we can refer that the correct answer is option 3.

Additional Information

• Let's explore other options:

The correct answer is 'Their focus shifted to instruction on budgeting, buying and preserving clothing'

Key Points

• Let's refer to the following lines of the passage:
• However, with the increasing availability of mass produced clothing in catalogues and department stores, more and more women preferred buying garments to making them. As a result, home economists shifted their attention to consumer education. Through field study, analysis and research, they became experts on the purchase and preservation of ready-to-wear clothing for the family, offering budgeting instruction targeted at adolescent girls.
• Thus, from above we can refer that the correct answer is option 1.

The correct answer is 'Changing fashion trends'.

Key Points

• Let's refer to the following lines of the passage: 
• By the mid 19^th century, mass production of paper patterns, the emergence of the home sewing machine and the convenience of mail order catalogues brought fashionable clothing into the American home.
• However, with the increasing availability of mass produced clothing in catalogues and department stores, more and more women preferred buying garments to making them. As a result, home economists shifted their attention to consumer education.
• Thus, from above we can refer that the correct answer is option 3.

The word education comes from the Latin word "Educare" which means to mold or to train.

• It is more concerned with the upbringing of a child to give him knowledge, skills, morals, values, by enriching his personality and by helping him in holistic development.

Key Points 

The function of education:

• In every country, the main objective of education is to develop such an educational system that provides opportunities to develop talents and skills which are needed throughout their life, to its citizens.
• The highest function of education is to bring about an integrated individual who is capable of dealing with life as a whole.
• Its other function is to create new rules by altering the old rules which were promoting the orthodox thinking of the society.
• The right kind of education consists in understanding the child as he is without imposing upon him being an ideal of what we think he should be.

Hint

• Education does not emphasize scoring more as it gives more focus to the development of character and personality by developing all the attributes of a human being.
• Instead of creating an individual who is more concerned with his field only or to making him, an efficient technician is not the highest aim of education, but it more focuses on making the individual capable of living independently.

Hence, we conclude that the highest function of education is to bring about an integrated individual who is capable of dealing with life as a whole.

Questions refer to a problem or difficulty that needs to be solved by thinking and recalling the concept.

• It is constructed to gather qualitative and quantitative data from the students. It may be close or open-ended questions.
• Teachers and researchers have developed a number of types of questions, which can be used to foster creativity.

Key Points

The different types of questions asked by the teacher are explained below:

 ​**Hence, we conclude that '**Sensitive questions' are not the type of Questions.

Fundamental Rights and Education: The original Constitution (1950) had seven Fundamental Rights. But after the passage of the 44th Amendment in 1978, there are now six Fundamental Rights. This Amendment deleted the seventh fundamental right, viz., right to property (Art. 31) from the list of Fundamental Rights. Six Fundamental Rights:

• Right to Equality (Articles 14 to 18)
• Right to freedom (Articles 19 to 22)
• Right against Exploitation (Article 23 and 24)
• Right to Freedom of Religion (Article 25)
• Cultural and Educational Rights: Articles 29 and 30 are about cultural and educational rights.
• Right to Constitutional Remedies (Article 32)

Hence, we conclude that Article 14 to 18 of Indian Constitution constitute the Right to Equality.

Life skills are put to use in specific situations. Opportunities have to be provided for developing these life skills among the learners. The process is as important as the content. Life skill can influence the way we feel about ourselves and the way others perceive us. There are ten core skills which are broadly divided into three general categories i.e. Thinking skills, Social skills and Emotional skills.

• Thinking Skills:
• ​Creative thinking: Creative thinking helps us respond adaptively and flexibly in our everyday life situation. It is about looking beyond our direct experience, exploring available alternatives and the various consequences of our actions or non-action. Creative thinking is a novel way of seeking of doing things that is characteristic of four components- fluency, flexibility, originality and elaboration.
• Critical thinking: It enables us to analyze information and experience objectively and assess the factors that influence that way we think and act.
• Decision making: It helps to deal constructively with decisions about our lives.
• Problem-solving: These skills empower us not only to control our problem, but can turn them to opportunities.
• Social Skills: 
• ​Self Awareness: It is the ability to understand our strengths, weaknesses, values, outlook character, our needs, desires, aspirations, ourselves, feelings e.g. I like myself even though I am imperfect.
• Effective communication: It is the ability to express, both verbally and nonverbally, in ways that are culturally acceptable.
• Interpersonal relationship skills: It helps relate with people in a positive way. It also means being able to make and maintain friendly relationships, which can be of great importance to our mental and social well being. It may also mean being able to end relationships constructively.
• Empathy is the ability to be sensitive to another person’s solution, as in the case of AIDS sufferers, or people with mental illnesses, who may be stigmatized and ostracized by the very people they depend upon for support.
• Emotional Skills: 
• ​Coping with emotions: It involves recognizing emotions within us and others, being aware of how emotions influence behaviour and being able to respond to emotions appropriately.
• Coping with stress: It means recognizing the sources of stress in our lives, recognizing how this affects us, and acting in ways that help us control our levels of stress, by changing our environment or lifestyle and learning how to relax.

Hence, we conclude that Thinking-Empathy is not the correct pair, instead Social-Empathy is correct.

Society is a ‘web of relationship’ and these relations are fundamental for understanding human behaviour and different institutions of society.

Key Points

 Different forms of relations in family, community and society are:

• Within the family, there are relations like mother, father, son, daughter, husband, wife, brother, sister which we put under primary relations.
• Also, family is the first school where children start their initial learning.
• uncle, aunt, nephew, niece are called secondary relatives.
• There are also tertiary relatives like friends, neighbourhood relations and many other similar relations.

Hence, we conclude that family is the first school where children start their initial learning.

Disciplining is society’s way of teaching children the moral behavior approved by the social group.

• Its goal is to let the children know what is right and what is disapproved and to motivate them to behave in accordance with these standards.

Key Points

• The role of discipline is to teach children to behave in accordance with the expectations of their age.
• Throughout babyhood, babies begin to make correct specific responses to specific situations at home as well as in the neighborhood.

Three types of disciplines are used. They are the following:

Hence, we conclude that the role of discipline is to teach children to behave in accordance with the expectations of their age.

RTE 2009 (The Right of Children Free and Compulsory Education Act or The Right to Education Act): The government on August 4, 2009, enacted RTE which gave provision to offer free education to children from 6 to 14 years. While children with special abilities were offered free eduction from 6 to 18 years.

The government envisaged the pupil-teacher ratio (PTR) for various classes for different class 

From class I to V

• Two teachers for up to sixty admitted children
• Three teachers for 61-90 children
• Four teachers for 91-120 children
• Five teachers for 121-200 children
• One headteacher, other than the five teachers, if the number of admitted children exceeds 150 and the PTR (excluding Head Teacher) shall not exceed forty if the number of admitted children is above 200.

Hence, it is concluded that for classes first to fifth, if there are between 61 to 90 students admitted in a class, then three teachers are required according to the Right to Education Act, 2009.

Society plays a significant role in the development of the education system. The role of socio-cultural factors, political conditions and economic milieu determines the nature of educational institutions, its objectives and curriculum development. Apart from these three factors the historicity of society, geographical context and other complexities indirectly influences the education process and overall development of society. Despite these influences, the differences in ability and family background the children should be equally deserving of respect, equally worth of membership in the school community and equally entitled to develop their unique potential. The Influence of Society to Education Process:

• Socio-cultural influence: Education of any society has direct correlations with its socio-cultural factors. The process of education evolved in its social structure, social norms and values system. For example, school is one such creation of human society to transfer the existing cultural content from one generation to next generation. In an informal setting, socialization is a process through which community.
• Economic aspects: Equality of opportunity is a core value of democracy and Indian constitutional provision of education. Yet it has become increasingly clear that equalization of opportunity is exceedingly difficult to achieve in present economic condition. The economic process creating more and more as well widening the gap between rich and poor.
• Political conditions and its influence: The nature of state, political parties, its ideology and policy directs the nature of education system and its policy in society. Democratic states profess ideals of democratic education development; however, inherent inequality is the weakness of these states. Indian democracy could not achieve the goal of a common school system. All democratic societies fail to provide education for all, particularly the deprive and marginalized sections could not have equal access to education owing to differential status.

Hence, we conclude that all the above points influence education.

RTE 2009 (The Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act or The Right to Education Act): The government on August 4, 2009, enacted and on April 1, 2010, brought into effect  RTE which gave provision:

• The right of children to free and compulsory education till completion of elementary education in a neighbourhood school.
• It clarifies that ‘compulsory education’ means the obligation of the appropriate government to provide free elementary education and ensure compulsory admission, attendance and completion of elementary education to every child in the six to fourteen age group. ‘Free’ means that no child shall be liable to pay any kind of fee or charges or expenses which may prevent him or her from pursuing and completing elementary education.
• For children in 6-14 age group it prohibits (i) physical punishment and mental harassment, (ii) screening procedures for admission, (iii) capitation fees, (iv) private tuition by teachers, and (v) running of schools without recognition.
• It makes provisions for a non-admitted child to be admitted to an age-appropriate class.
• It specifies the duties and responsibilities of appropriate Governments, local authority and parents in providing free and compulsory education and sharing of financial and other responsibilities between the Central and State Governments.
• It lays down the norms and standards relating to, inter alia, Pupil Teacher Ratios (PTRs) buildings and infrastructure, school working days, teacher working hours.
• It provides for rational deployment of teachers by ensuring that the specified pupil-teacher ratio is maintained for each school, rather than just as an average for the State or District or Block, thus ensuring that there is practically no urban-rural imbalance in teacher postings. It also prohibits deployment of teachers for non-educational work, other than decennial census, elections to local authority, state legislatures, parliament, and disaster relief.
• It provides for appointment of appropriately trained teachers, i.e. teachers with the requisite training and academic qualifications.
• It provides for following penalties: a) for charging capitation fee: fine up to 10 times the capitation fee charged; b) for resorting to screening during admission: Rs 25,000 for first contravention Rs. 50,000 for each subsequent contravention; and c) for running a school without recognition: fine up to Rs one lakh and in case of continuing contravention Rs 10,000 for each day during which the contravention continues.
• It provides for the development of curriculum in consonance with the values enshrined in the Constitution and which would ensure the all-round development of the child, building on the child’s knowledge, potentiality and talent and making the child free from fear, trauma and anxiety through a system of child-friendly and child-centred learning.
• It provides for protection and monitoring of the child’s right to free and compulsory education and redressal of grievances by the National and State Commissions for Protection of Child Rights, which shall have the powers of a civil court.
• All private schools have to admit 25 per cent children from disadvantaged groups from their neighbourhoods for free education, which can be extended if the number is not filled up with the customary one km radius-every year in the class in which they induct new children.

Hence, we conclude that the above statement is about RTE.

Social institution refers to a set of norms applied to various aspects of human behaviour regulated by well established, easily recognized and relatively stable norms for smooth functioning of society and social relations. There are some important institutions like family, education, religion, economy, polity which play different roles following the norms and values of one particular society.

• Economy institution refers to the rules, procedures and norms of production, distribution, consumption as well as working system and patterns. Economic activities and needs are very of any society irrespective of its stages of development. Karl Marx considered economy as the basic structure of any society on which other institutions are dependent.
• Family is the first school where children start their initial learning. The role of teacher played mother and other members of the family. Even in the formal school system, different roles like teacher, pupil and parents are members of society and always carry their cultural baggage and values of the same society.
• Religion is also one universal institution that exists from primitive to post-modern society. French sociologist Emile Durkheim defined religion as a unified system of beliefs and practices related to sacred things. Except Karl Marx, there is consensus that religion is a functional role in society.
• Education: The process of education takes place in every society. However, its forms may from one society to another society. There are two common functions of education in every society. The first universal function of education is to socialize the members of society and transmit the culture to the next generation. The second is to fulfil society’s needs pertaining to human resource.
• Polity: Each society has some or other system of rules. Political institutions are defined as a system of control through their organizations and legal or legitimate use of force. According to T. B. Bottomore, polity is mainly concern with the division of power and authority in society.

 Hence, we conclude that the above statement is about economic institution.

Creativity is an ability to be innovative, unusual, to be different from others or equals. It is an ability to give novel responses, new answers and establish new relationships. Following activities have been taken from various sources and these can be used to foster creativity among children.

Key Points They are the following:

• Alliteration: Children can be asked to list the words with the same letter and make sentences out of them. Ex:- Central, College, Coffee, Club.
• Multiple uses: Children may be asked to list the usual and unusual uses of newspaper, empty refill, etc.
• Invention: Children can be asked to think of a new dish, and asked to list the materials required, process of preparation, and approximately tell the taste, as well as the new name for it.

Hence, we conclude that rote learning is not an activity that can be used to foster creativity among children.

Disciplining is society’s way of teaching children the moral behaviour approved by the social group. Its goal is to let the children know what is right and what is disapproved and to motivate them to behave in accordance with these standards.

The role of discipline is to teach children to behave in accordance with the expectations of their age. Throughout babyhood, babies begin to make correct specific responses to specific situations at home as well as in the neighbourhood. Three types of disciplines are used. They are the following:

• Authoritarian discipline goes with the saying “to spare the rod means spoiling the child.” Here, parents, caretakers, teachers etc. establish rules and tell the children that they are expected to adhere to them. No attempts are made to explain why these rules are made and why the children adhere to them. If children fail to adhere to them, they are punished.
• Permissive discipline developed as a revolt against the authoritarian discipline many adults had been subjected to during their childhood. The philosophy here is that children would learn from the consequences of their acts how to behave in a socially approved way. Consequently, children were not taught rules, they were not punished for willful breaking of rules, nor were they rewarded for behaving in a socially approved way.
• Democratic discipline: These primarily emphasize the rights of the child to know why rules are made and to have an opportunity to express their opinion. Children understand and abide by them. Here, punishment is made to fit the crime, in the sense that the punishment is related to the misdeed. Similarly, rewards are given in the form of praise and social recognition.

Hence, we conclude that goal of discipline is to let the children know what is right and what is disapproved and to motivate them to behave in accordance with these standards.

Learning is the process of acquiring new or modifying existing knowledge, behaviours, skills. After learning, one is capable of doing. When the organism begins to work, it is called performance.

Characteristics of learning:

• Learning is transferable.
• Learning requires interaction.
• Learning is a lifelong process.
• It can be observed directly.
• It can be retained through practice.
• Learning is the growth of organisms.
• Learning is a goal-directed process.
• Learning is a relatively permanent change in behaviour.
• Learning is the relationship between stimulus and response.

Hence, we conclude that all the above points are characteristics of learning.

The British took a keen interest in introducing the English language in India. They had many reasons for doing so. Educating Indians in the English language was a part of their strategy.

• The Indians would be ready to work as clerks on low wages while for the same work the British would demand much higher wages.
• This would reduce the expenditure on administration. It was also expected to create a class of Indians who were loyal to the British and were not able to relate to other Indians.
• This class of Indians would be taught to appreciate the culture and opinion of the British.
• In addition, they would also help to increase the market for British goods.
• They wanted to use education as a means to strengthen their political authority in the country.
• They assumed that a few educated Indians would spread English culture to the masses and that they would be able to rule through this class of educated Indians.
• The British gave jobs to only those Indians who knew English thereby compelling many Indians to go in for English education.
• Education soon became a monopoly of the rich and the city dwellers.
• Colonial policy used textbooks, written examinations to evolve a bureaucratic, centralized governance of education.