DSSSB NDMC PRT 23 March 2022 shift 2 (Previous Year Paper)

Ostrich is a bird in the same way butterfly is an insect.

Hence, the correct answer is butterfly : insect.

The positional value of alphabets is:-

![Solved] Which letter will be 15th to the left of 7th from the left e](https://cdn.testbook.com/images/production/quesImages/qImage11260.png)

The logic in this question is:-

Logic - The positional value of letter is written as code. 

'LEATHER' is written as '1251208518'

Similarly,

'ABSCOND' is written as '1219315144'

Now, the code of 'DESTROY'  is:-

Hence, the correct answer is 451920181525.

The positional value of alphabets:-

![Solved] Which letter will be 15th to the left of 7th from the left e](https://cdn.testbook.com/images/production/quesImages/qImage11260.png)

The logic used in this question is:-

Logic - (First letter + 3)(Second letter - 4)

Hence, the correct answer is EJ.

The correct venn diagram representation are:- 

Conclusion 1: All G are N.❌

Here, some G are N whereas all G are N is a possibility.

Hence, the given conclusion is incorrect.

Conclusion 2:  Some D are G.❌

There is no relation between D and G.

Hence, the given conclusion is incorrect.

Conclusion 3: Some N are G.✅

All B are N and some B are G. Hence, Some N are G.

Hence, the given conclusion is correct.

Hence, the correct answer is Only conclusion III follows.

The direction chart is given below:-

Step 1:  Suppose Abhishek start walking in west and walks 20 metre and then he turns to the left and walks 25 metre.

Step 2: After walking 25m he again turns to the left and walks 30 metre.

 

Step 3: After walking 30m he turns to the right and walks 10 metre.

 

Step 4: After walking 10 he turns to the right and walks 40 metre.

 

Step 5: Finally take a left turn walks 50 meter. If now he is facing towards the south.

Hence, he started walking in west.

Hence, the correct answer is west.

The positional value of alphabets is :-

![Solved] Which letter will be 15th to the left of 7th from the left e](https://cdn.testbook.com/images/production/quesImages/qImage11260.png)

Logic:- (First letter + 2 )(Second letter - 1)\

In XC : ZB

X + 2= Z

C - 1 = B

Similarly,

M + 2 = O

Z - 1 =Y

Hence, the correct answer is OY.

The correct venn diagram representation is:-

Conclusion 1: All A are C.✅

Here, All A are B and all B are C, then all A are C.

Hence, the given conclusion is correct.

Conclusion 2: All C are B.❌

All B are C but all C are not B.

Hence, the given conclusion is incorrect.

Hence, the correct answer is Only conclusion I follows.

Step1:- D goes to S3. A goes to S5 but does not like D3. C likes D4. 

Step2:- E does not like D5. The one who goes to S2 likes D1. The one who goes to S1 likes D5.

I. B likes D5.✅

II. C goes to S4.✅

Hence, the correct answer is Both I and II.

The figure embedded in:-

Hence, the correct answer is option 3.

The condition to make a team is -

1.Neither the M3 nor the M5 can be selected with the M9.

2.With M8 either M4 or M6 is to be chosen.

3.With M1 either M5 or M7 is to be selected.

4.M5 and M10 are to be selected together.

**Option1:-**M2, M3, M4, M5, M7, M8, M10✅

Here with M8, M4 is chosen as well as M5 and M10 are selected together.

Here, option 1 satisfy all the conditions.

Option2:-M1, M2, M3, M6, M7, M8, M9❌

Here, M3 and M9 are selected together which is not possible according to given condition.

Option3:-M2, M3, M4, M6, M7, M9, M10❌

Here, M3 and M9 are selected together which is not possible according to given condition.

Option4:-M1, M2, M4, M6, M7, M8, M10❌

M5 and M10 are to be selected together. But in this option, M5 is not selected with 10.

Hence, this option is also incorrect.

Hence, the correct answer is M2, M3, M4, M5, M7, M8, M10.

Words according to the order in which they appear in the dictionary are:-

1. Baccalaureate 2. Bachelorhood 3. Bacteriolyses 4. Ballistically 5. Banderilla

Hence, the correct answer is 52134.

Additional Information1. First of all, check the common letter in all.

2. Arrange them according to the alphabet which come first.  
3. When common letters are arranged, then go for the rest.

Step 1: A sits immediate left of E. One boy sits between A and B

Step 2: One boy sits between C and D and C is not the neighbor of F.

Hence, the boy sits immediate right of F is D.

Hence, the correct answer is D.

The positional value of alphabets are:-

![Solved] Which letter will be 15th to the left of 7th from the left e](https://cdn.testbook.com/images/production/quesImages/qImage11260.png)

Logic - First letter + 6 = Second letter.

option 1 JP✅

J + 6 = P

option 2 ZF ✅

Z + 6 = F

option 3 MS✅

M + 6 = S 

option 4 XC❌ 

X + 6 = D

Hence, this option is wrong.

Hence, the correct answer is XC.

Statement I:- The number of boys who are men is 7.

The coloured portion show the number of boys who are men i.e. 7.

Hence, the above statement is correct.

Statement II:-  The total number of classes is 96.

The coloured portion show the total number of classes 

45 + 21 + 7 + 23 = 96

Hence, the above statement is correct.

Hence, the correct answer is Both I and II.

The coloured show boys that are not girls-

Hence, the correct answer is 64.

The direction chart is:-

Step1:- Let the man start from A point towards the east. He turns to the left.

 

Step2:- Then he turns to the right. Finally, he turns to the left.

 

Here, man walking in north direction.

Hence, the correct answer is north.

The answer figure that will complete the pattern is:-

Hence, the correct answer is option 3.

By observing the given figure:-

we notice that arrow move in clockwise direction.

But in this,

 image the gap between both the arrow is more as compared to other figure.

Hence, the correct answer is option2.

Logic - Second number - first number = 44

Third number - Second number = 46

option 1-(45, 89, 135)✅

89 - 45 = 44

135 - 89 = 46

option 2-(23, 67, 113)✅

67 - 23 = 44

113 - 67 = 46

option 3-(47, 91, 137)✅

91 - 47 = 44

 137 - 91 = 46

option 4-(29, 74, 120)❌

74 - 29 = 45

This option does not follow the logic.

Hence, the correct answer is (29, 74, 120).

Logic - (R1 + R2 + R3) X 3 = R4

In column 1-

(8 + 11 + 14) x 3 = 99

In column 2-

(12 + 16 + 22) x 3 = 150

In column 3-

(10 + 24 + ?) x 3 = 168

? = 22

Hence, the correct answer is 22.

The correct answer is M1 + Net time deposits of commercial banks.

Key Points

• Broad money (M3) includes currency, deposits with an agreed maturity of up to two years, deposits redeemable at notice of up to three months and repurchase agreements, money market fund shares/units and debt securities up to two years.
• M2 is a measure of the money supply that includes cash, checking deposits, and easily - convertible near money.
• M1 is the money supply that is composed of currency, demand deposits, other liquid deposits—which includes savings deposits.

Additional Information

• M3 = M1 + Time deposits with the banking system.
• M2 = M1 + Savings deposits of post office savings banks.
• M1 = Currency with public + Demand deposits with the Banking system (savings account, current account).

The correct answer is Mithali Raj.

Key Points

• Mithali Raj became the first Indian woman cricketer to score 10000 international runs.
• ​Mithali Raj, playing her 212th ODI for India, achieved the landmark during the third match of the bilateral series against South Africa.
• She scored 663 runs in 10 test matches whereas in 89 T20s she scored 2,364 runs at an average of 37.52.
• She is also the first player to score 7 consecutive 50s in One Day International Cricket.
• Mithali Raj, in 2019, became the first woman to complete 20 years in International cricket.
• She is the only female cricketer to surpass the 7,000-run mark in Women's One Day International matches.
• On 8 June 2022, Mithali announced her retirement from all formats of international cricket.
• She is also the recipient of several National and International awards, including the Arjuna Award in 2003 and Padma Shri in 2015.

The correct answer is Babar.

Key Points

• Babur was the first Mughal ruler.
• ​He ruled the Mughal dynasty from 1526 to 1530.
• He came to India from Ferghana.
• He was forced to leave his ancestral throne due to the invasion of the Uzbeks (Mongol group).
• He was a descendant of Timur from his father's side and a descendant of Chengiz Khan from his mother's side.
• He defeated Ibrahim Lodi at Panipat and captured Delhi and Agra in 1526.
• He defeated Rana Sanga of Mewar at Khanwa in 1527
• He defeated the Rajputs at Chanderi in 1528.
• Tuzuk-i-Baburi is the autobiography of Babur.

Additional Information

• Humayun
• Babur's son Humayun ascended the throne three days after Babur's death in 1530.
• Humayun forces were defeated by Afghan ruler Sher Shah Suri at Chausa near Buxar in June 1539.
• On May 17, 1540, the Mughals and the Afghans met again opposite Kannauj. He was again defeated at the battle commonly known as the Battle of Kannauj.
• In February 1555, he captured Lahore.
• In his memoir, his (sister Gulbadan begum) wrote his autobiography named "Humayunama" which was written in the Persian language.
• Akbar
• His full name was Abu'l-Fath Jalal ud-din Muhammad Akbar.
• Akbar succeeded his father Humayun at the age of thirteen on 14th February 1556 as the third Mughal Emperor of India.
• Akbar made major reforms in the war techniques especially in the use of firearms.
• He reigned from 1556 to 1605 and extended Mughal power over most of the Indian subcontinent.
• To preserve the unity of his empire, Akbar adopted programs that won the loyalty of the non-Muslim populations of his realm.
• Shahjahan
• He was the son of Jahangir.
• On becoming the emperor, Shah Jahan executed many of his former rivals including his own brother Shahryar.
• He was given the title of "The Builder of the Marvels" as he had a remarkable ability to design new structures redesigning old forts.
• He built the Taj Mahal in Agra, the Moti Masjid in Lahore, Jama Masjid of Delhi, and Section of Agra Fort, etc.

The correct answer is Both I and II.

Key Points

• Champaran Satyagraha
• ​The Champaran Satyagraha was a peasants uprising, led by Mahatma Gandhi in the Champaran district of Bihar.
• The farmer's in the region revolted against the British power against the imposed indigo cultivation between 1914 and 1916.
• Permanent settlement
• It was introduced in 1793 by Lord Cornwallis and covered Bengal, Bihar, Orissa, parts of Northern Karnataka, etc.
• By the terms of the settlement, the rajas and taluqdars were recognised as zamindars.
• Hence, both statements are correct.

The correct answer is Both I and II.

Key Points

• When a ray of light passes from one medium to another, it suffers a change in direction at the boundary of two mediums is called refraction.
• The change in direction because the speed of light travels at different speeds in different mediums.
• Refractive Index of a medium defines that it is denser or rarer.
• When a light ray travels from a lighter to a denser medium, the light ray bends towards the normal.
• When a light ray travels from a denser to a lighter medium the light ray bends away from the normal.
• Snell’s law of refraction
• “The ratio of the sine of the angle of incidence to the sine of the angle of refraction is a constant, for the light of a given color and for the given pair of media”.
• The refractive index of water is 1.33.
• It means that light travels 1.333 times faster in a vacuum than it does in water.

The correct answer is Sachchidanand Sinha.

Key Points

• Sachchidanand Sinha presided over the first meeting of the Constituent Assembly of India.
• The Constituent Assembly held its first meeting on December 9, 1946.
• The meeting was attended by 211 members (Muslim league boycotted the meeting).
• Dr Sachchidananda Sinha, the oldest member was elected as the temporary President of the Assembly.
• It was done by following the French practice.

Additional Information

• The idea of Constituent assembly was put forward by the M.N. Roy for the first time in 1934.
• In 1935, the Indian National Congress, for the first time, officially demanded a Constituent Assembly to frame the Constitution of India.
• The Constituent Assembly of India was elected to frame the Constitution of India.
• The Constituent Assembly selected 22 committees to deal with diverse tasks of Constitution-making.
• Jawaharlal Nehru was the Chairman of Union Power Committee, Union Constitution Committee, and States Committee.
• Dr. B. R. Ambedkar was the Chairman of Drafting Committee.
• Rajendra Prasad appointed as the permanent President during its meeting on 11th December 1946.

The correct answer is Methane.

Key Points

• Methane is the main component of biogas.
• ​Biogas contains methane (50–70%) and carbon dioxide (30–50%) with traces of other gases.
• It is an environmentally friendly, renewable energy source.
• Bacillus species is responsible for production of Biogas.
• It is produced when organic matter, such as food or animal waste, is broken down by microorganisms in the absence of oxygen, in a process called anaerobic digestion.
• Raw material for biogas: Animal dunk, Plant waste, Human extract, Domestic waste, etc.

Additional Information

• Methane
• It is the simplest hydrocarbon.
• It consists of one carbon atom and four hydrogen atoms.
• It is a powerful greenhouse gas.
• Butane
• It is a hydrocarbon and a highly flammable, colourless, odourless, easily liquefied gas.
• It is typically used as fuel for cigarette lighters.
• Propane
• It is a three-carbon alkane gas (C₃H₈).
• It is stored under pressure inside a tank as a colourless, odourless liquid.
• It is commonly used for space and water heating, cooking, and as fuel for engine applications.
• Ethane
• It is an organic chemical compound with chemical formula C₂H₆.
• It is mainly used to produce ethylene, a feedstock to make plastics.

The correct answer is Majoli.

Key Points

• The world's largest inhabited riverine island is Majuli.
• It is located in Assam, India.
• It is at the Brahmaputra river.
• It is a mid-river deltaic island.
• It was created as a result of periodical natural changes in the course of the river Brahmaputra caused by frequent major earthquakes as well as high floods.
• It is recognized by the Guinness Book of World Records as the world's largest inhabited riverine island, at 880 square kilometres.
• Since 2004, Majuli has been on the UNESCO Tentative List for World Heritage Site Nomination.
• Doab is a term used in South Asia for the tract of land lying between two converging, or confluent, rivers.
• Umananda Island is the smallest inhabited river islet in the middle of river Brahmaputra, flowing through the city of Guwahati in Assam.

The correct answer is Selective credit control.

Key Points

• Repo rate, Reverse repo rate, Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR), Statuary Liquidity Ratio (SLR) and Marginal standing facility are instruments of monetary policy of the Reserve Bank of India

The correct answer is Tamil Nadu.

Key Points

• The Tata Mandir is located in Tamil Nadu.
• The Shore Temple was built-in 700–728 AD.
• It is so named because it overlooks the shore of the Bay of Bengal.
• It is located near Chennai in Tamil Nadu.
• It is a structural temple. It was built with blocks of granite, dating from the 8th century AD.
• At the time of its creation, the site was a busy port during the reign of Narasimhavarman II of the Pallava dynasty.
• As one of the Group of Monuments at Mahabalipuram, it has been classified as a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1984.
• Shore Temple was named 'Seven Pagodas' due to its pyramidal structure.
• The name 'Seven Pagodas' indicates the existence of 7 temples in the past.
• Shore temple is a complex of 3 temples.
• One big temple and two small temples.
• In that two temples have pyramid-shaped gopura (temple tower).
• Two shrines in the Shore Temple are dedicated to Lord Shiva.
• The third and small temple is the Vishnu temple.
• This depicts the blend of religious ideologies which existed in the past.

The correct answer is Megan Merkel.

Key Points

• Megan Markle is the author of the book "The Bench".
• The Bench is a 2021 picture book for children.
• The book is about the relationship between a father and his son told from the perspective of the mother
• It was published by Random House Children's Books.
• The book is illustrated by Christian Robinson.
• It features Robinson's first illustrations in watercolour.
• Meghan, Duchess of Sussex is an American member of the British royal family and former actress.
• She is the wife of Prince Harry, Duke of Sussex, the younger son of King Charles III.

The correct answer is Only I.

Key Points

• Primary activities include economic activities such as hunting, farming, fishing, animal husbandry, mining, etc.,
• Secondary activities include economic activities such as the manufacturing of goods and construction activities.
• The tertiary sector covers a wide range of activities from commerce to administration, transport, financial and real estate activities, business and personal services, education, health, and social work.

Important Points 

The correct answer is Kerala.

Key Points

• Mohiniyattam is the classical dance form of Kerala.
• Mohiniyattam
• ​It is literally interpreted as the dance of ‘Mohini’.
• It is one of the two classical dance forms that originated in Kerala, the other one being Kathakali.
• It is based on Natya Shastra’s lasya style.
• It has delicate movements and more feminine facial expressions.
• The repertoire of Mohiniyattam includes music in the Carnatic style, singing and acting a play through the dance, where the recitation may be either by a separate vocalist or the dancer themselves.
• The song is typically in Malayalam-Sanskrit hybrid called Manipravalam
• The movements are gentle and glide-like. They do not have terse rhythmic steps.
• More emphasis is on the facial expressions and hand gestures.

The correct answer is Tide.

Key Points

• The rise and fall in sea levels known as tides is brought on by the combined gravitational pull of the Moon.
• This are also caused by the Earth and Moon orbiting one another.
• The tidal force is produced by the moon's gravitational pull.
• Earth and its water protrude outward on both the side that is closest to and farthest from the moon as a result of the tidal force.
• These watery peaks are high tides.
• Tides originate in the ocean and progress toward the coastlines.
• Diurnal, Semidiurnal, Mixed Semidiurnal, and Continental Interference are the four different types of tides.

Additional Information

• Waves:
• Wave is a propagation of disturbances from place to place in a regular and organized way.
• Ocean Currents:
• Gravity, wind (Coriolis Effect), and water density all contribute to the continuous, predictable, directed movement of seawater known as ocean currents.
• Tsunami:
• A tsunami is a set of extraordinarily lengthy waves brought on by a significant and abrupt movement of the ocean, typically brought on by an earthquake at or near the ocean's bottom.

The correct answer is Assam.

Key Points

• On November 18, 2020, the National Fisheries Development Board presented Assam with four honors in the field of fisheries.
• In the area of best hilly and North Eastern State in Fisheries, Assam won the top state honor.
• For hilly and North Eastern Government Organizations, the Assam Apex Cooperative Fish Marketing and Processing Federation Limited (FISHED) took top place.
• Assam's Nagaon district won the award for finest hilly and North Eastern district.
• Amal Medhi, an Assamese farmer from the Nalbari area, took first place in the competition for **hilly and North Eastern fish farmers. **​

Additional Information

• In the area of maritime states, Odisha won best state honors.
• In the category of Inland States, Uttar Pradesh was named best state.
• Each award comes with Rs 10 lakh in cash, **a shawl, a certificate, and a memento.**​

The correct answer is Bacteria.

Key Points

• Cholera is a serious bacterial disease that typically causes extreme diarrhoea and dehydration.
• The disease is normally transmitted by polluted water. In extreme cases, urgent care is required because death will occur within hours.
• This could happen even if you were healthy before you caught it. Cholera is caused by the bacteria Vibrio cholera.
• The deadly effects of the disease are the result of a strong toxin known as CTX formed by these bacteria in your small intestine.
• CTX interferes with regular sodium and chloride movement as it binds to the intestinal walls.
• When the bacteria are attached to the small intestine walls, your body begins to secrete large amounts of water that lead to diarrhoea and rapid loss of fluids and salts.

The correct answer is Amitabh Bachchan.

Key Points

• Amitabh Bachchan received the coveted 2021 FIAF Award from the International Federation of Film Archives (FIAF), a global association of film archives and museums.
• The prize was given out at a virtual display on March 19, 2021.
• Shivendra Singh Dungarpur, a filmmaker and archivist, formed the FIAF affiliate Film Heritage Foundation, a non-profit organization that nominated Amitabh Bachchan for the honor.
• Martin Scorcese and Christopher Nolan presented the award to Bachchan .

Additional Information

• International Federation of Film Archives:
• ​It was established in 1938 in Paris.
• It was established by the British Film Institute, the Museum of Modern Art in New York City, the French Film Institute, the Berlin Reichsfilmarchiv, and the Cinémathèque Française.
• Its headquarters is in Brussels, Belgium.

The correct answer is Skateboard.

Key Points

• Momiji Nishiya is a skateboarder from Japan.
• She became the first person to ever win a gold medal in the women's street category at the Summer Olympics in 2020.
• She is the youngest individual to ever win a gold medal for Japan at the age of 13.
• She is the third-youngest person to ever win an event in the Summer Olympics, behind Marjorie Gestring and Klaus Zerta.
• Nishiya was placed sixth in the Olympic World Skateboarding rankings as of June 2021.

The correct answer is 12.

Key Points

• The Indian Constitution contains 12 schedules.
• The Government of India Act, 1935, which comprised 10 Schedules, provided one of the earliest references to Schedules.
• The Indian Constitution is broken down into 12 schedules and 25 parts.
• At the time of its beginning, it contained 395 articles divided into 22 parts and 8 schedules.
• Different amendments introduced four more schedules.

Additional Information

• The Indian Constitution is the country's highest law.
• It outlines fundamental rights, guiding principles, and citizen obligations.
• It is the world's longest-written national constitution.
• On November 26, 1949, the Indian Constituent Assembly approved it.
• It went into effect on January 26, 1950.
• The Government of India Act of 1935 was superseded by the constitution as the primary law governing the nation.
• India celebrates its constitution on 26 January as Republic Day
• India is proclaimed to be a sovereign, socialist, secular, and democratic republic in the constitution.
• It works to foster fraternity while ensuring justice, equality, and liberty for its citizens.
• At the Parliament House in New Delhi, the original 1950 constitution is kept in a nitrogen-filled case.
• The words "secular" and "socialist" were added to the preamble by 42nd amendment act in 1976 during the Emergency.

The correct answer is Warren Hastings.

Key Points

• Warren Hastings (6 December 1732 – 22 August 1818) was a British colonial administrator.
• He was the first Governor of the Fort William Presidency (Bengal).
• He presided over the Supreme Council of Bengal from 1772 to 1785, making him the first Governor-General of Bengal.
• He and Robert Clive are credited with laying the foundation of the British Empire in India.
• He was a vigorous reformer and organizer.
• He commanded East India Company troops that fought a coalition of native governments and the French from 1779 to 1784.
• In 1814, he was appointed to the Privy Council.

Additional Information

• Lord Cornwallis (31 December 1738 – 5 October 1805):
• He was a general and official in the British Army.
• He contributed to the adoption of the Cornwallis Code and the Permanent Settlement in India.
• Lord Minto (9 July 1845 – 1 March 1914):
• He was a politician and British peer.
• He served as the 17th Governor-General of India, Viceroy, and Governor-General of Canada.
• John Shore  (5 October 1751 – 14 February 1834):
• He worked for the East India Company as a British official.
• From 1793 to 1798, he held the office of Bengal's governor general.

Given:

140 + 0.3m = m

m = number

Solution:

m = 140/0.7 = 200

Hence, the correct option is 2.

Given:

Milk : Water = 2 : 3, 1 : 2, 4 : 3

Solution:

Let, the capacity of the bottle = m

⇒ 2n + 3n = m

n = m/5

⇒ 1p + 2p = m

p = m/3

⇒ 4s + 3s = m

s = m/7

Total = (2m/5 + m/3 + 4m/7) + (3m/5 + 2m/3 + 3m/7) = (m + m + m)

⇒ (42m + 35m + 60m)/105 + (63m + 70m + 45m)/105 = 3m

⇒ 137 + 178 = 3 x 105

Milk : Water = 137 : 178

Hence, the correct option is 1.

Solution:

Ration of salary of E2 to E6 = 300 : 1200 = 1 : 4

Hence, the correct option is 4.

Concept used:

A number is divisible by 9 if the sum of its digits is divisible by 9.

A number is divisible by 10 if the unit digit is 0.

Solution:

90 = 9 x 10

Y = 0

5 + 3 + 7 + X + 0 = 15 + X

X = 18 - 15 = 3

(X + Y) = (3 + 0) = 3

Hence, the correct option is 4.

Given:

(P + Q + R)/3 = 38 kg

(P + Q)/2 = 36 kg

(Q + R)/2 = 32kg

Solution:

P + Q + R = 114 kg     ---------------(1)

P + Q = 72 kg             ---------------(2)

Q + R = 64 kg             ---------------(3)

Adding (2) & (3) and subtracting (1),

Q = (72 + 64) - 114 = 22 kg

Hence, the correct option is 4.

Solution:

I. Average cost of loss on articles A1 and A2 = [(500 - 400) + (600 - 300)]/2 = 400/2 = 200

II. The difference between the cost of loss on articles A5 and A6 = (200 - 100) - (400 - 350) = 100 - 50 = 50

III. The difference between the cost price and the selling price of all the articles = (500 + 600 + 300 + 350 + 200 + 400) - (400 + 300 + 200 + 150 + 100 + 350) = 2350 - 1500 = 850

Hence, the correct option is 3.

Given:

A = 28 days

K = A/2 = 28/2 = 14 days

Solution:

D(1/28 + 1/14) = 3/7

(7 x 3)D = (3 x 28)

D = 4 days

Hence, the correct option is 2.

Given:

R + D = 84 cm

Formula used:

D = 2R

Circumference = 2 x 22/7 x R

R = Radius, D = Diameter

Solution:

R + 2R = 84

R = 84/3 = 28

Circumference = 2 x 22/7 x 28 = 176 cm

Hence, the correct option is 2.

Solution:

J1 = Average number of books sold by shops A, B, C, and E = (32 + 58 + 62 + 80)/4 = 232/4 = 58

J2 = Sum of the average number of books sold by shops A and C and the average number of books sold by shops E and F = [(32 + 62)/2 + (80 + 70)/2] = 47 + 75 = 122

J2 - J1 = 122 - 58 = 64

Hence, the correct option is 1.

Given:

X + Y + Z = Rs. 42000

X = Rs. 7200

Y = Rs. 6300

Z = Rs. 5400

Concept used:

Amount invested is directly proportional to the profit.

Solution:

Total Profit = (72 + 63 + 54) x 100 = 18900

Part of Y as a profit = 63/189 = 1/3

Amount invested by Y = 1/3 x 42000 = Rs.14000

Hence, the correct option is 4.

Concept used:

Solution:

= 25 ÷ 10 × 2 + 5 × 3 ÷  1.5

= 2.5 x 2 + 5 x 2

= 5 + 10

= 15

Hence, the correct option is 2.

Given:

mn = 180

m² + n² = 369

Formula used:

(m + n)² = m² + n² + 2mn

Solution:

(m + n)2 = 369 + 2(180) = 369 + 360 = 729

m + n = √729 = 27 

Hence, the correct option is 3.

Given:

Speed = 50km/h = 50000/3600 m/sec

Formula used:

Speed = Distance/Time

Solution:

Time = (625 x 3600)/50000 = 45 seconds

Hence, the correct option is 4.

Given:

R = 5%

T = 16 years

SI = P  - 700

Formula used:

SI = (P x R x T)/100

here, 

SI = Simple Interest

P = Principle

R = Rate

T = Time

Solution:

Let's put the values given, in the formula to find the value of P;

P - 700 = 80P/100

0.2P = 700

P = Rs. 3500

Hence, the correct option is 4.

Given:

⇒ 0.3 = SP/CP - 1

⇒ 0.3 = (SP - 60)/CP - 0.8

Formula used:

Profit % = (Profit/Cost Price) x 100 = [(SP/CP) - 1] x 100

Profit = SP - CP

CP = Cost price

SP = Selling price

Solution:

⇒ 0.3 = SP/CP - 1

SP = 1.3CP

New CP = 0.8CP

New SP = SP - 60

⇒ 0.3 = (SP - 60)/0.8CP - 1

⇒ 1.04CP = 1.3CP - 60

CP = 60/0.26 = Rs. 230.76

Hence, the correct option is 1.

Given:

P = Q + 0.2Q

R = Q - 0.2Q

R = 160

Solution:

160 = 0.8Q

Q = 200

P = 1.2Q = 240 marks

Hence, the correct option is 3.

Given:

d₁ = 60 cm

d₂ = 60 - 4 = 56 cm

Area(Rhombus = Rectangle)

L = B + 2

Formula used:

Area of Rhombus = A = 1/2 x d₁ x d₂ 

Area of Rectangle = L x B

Perimeter of Rectangle = 2(L + B)

d₁ and d₂ are diagonals of the rhombus

L and B are Lenght and Breadth of the Rectangle

Solution:

A = 1/2 x 60 x 56 = 1680

LB = 1680

B(B + 2) = 1680

B² + 2B - 1680 = 0

 $B = {-2 \pm \sqrt{2^2-4(-1680)} \over 2} = {-2 \pm \sqrt{6724} \over 2} = {-2 \pm 82 \over 2}$

B = - 42 or 40 (we will discard negative value)

B = 40 cm

L = 42 cm

Perimeter = 2(L + B) = 2 x 82 = 164 cm

Hence, the correct option is 3.

Given:

P = 20 km/h

R = 15 km/h

Time(R) = m + 16 hours

Formula used:

Speed = Distance/Time taken

Relative speed opposite direction = Sum of speeds

Relative speed for same direction = Difference of speeds

Solution:

Relative speed = 20 +15 = 35 km/h

Let, d = distance from E to F

Time taken by Raju to travel from F to E = d/15 hours

They will meet after = d/35 hours

d/15 - d/35 = 16

7d - 3d = 21 x 5 x 16

d = 420 km

Time taken by Prateek to travel from E to F = d/20 = 420/20 = 21 hours

Time taken by Prateek to travel after meet = 21 - d/35 = 21 - 420/35 = 21 - 12 = 9 hours

Hence, the correct option is 1.

Given:

1/3 x 1/4 x m = 18

m = number

Solution:

m/12 = 18

m = 12 x 18 = 216

1/8 x 216 = 27

Hence, the correct option is 2.

Solution:

23's last digit = 3

3¹ = 3

3² = 9

3³ = 27

3⁴ = 81

3⁵ = 243

65%4 = 1, 23⁶⁵ will have unit digit = 3

For 36,

6¹ = 6

6² = 36

36⁹⁴ will have unit digit = 6

For 88,

8¹ = 8

8² = 64

8³ = 512

8⁴ = 4096

77%4 = 8

88⁷⁷ will have unit digit = 8

The unit place of 2365 × 3694 × 88⁷⁷ = 3 x 6 x 8 = 144

Hence, the correct option is 4

सही उत्तर 'समूहवाचक संज्ञा' है।

• भीड़ 'समूहवाचक संज्ञा' है।

Key Points

सही उत्तर 'नतीजा : मात्रा' है।

• दिए गए विकल्पों में 'परिणाम: परिमाण' शब्द युग्म का सही अर्थ-'नतीजा : मात्रा" है।
• परिणाम का अर्थ होता है नतीजा और परिमाण का अर्थ होता है मात्रा।

Key Points अन्य विकल्पों का विश्लेषण:

Additional Information

• समानोच्चारित शब्द: कुछ शब्द ऐसे होते हैं जिनमें स्वर, मात्रा अथवा व्यंजन में थोड़ा-सा अन्तर होता है। वे बोलचाल में लगभग एक जैसे लगते हैं, परन्तु उनके अर्थ में भिन्नता होती है। ऐसे शब्द 'समश्रुत/समानोच्चारित /श्रुतिसम भिन्नार्थक शब्द' कहलाते हैं।
• जैसे- घन और धन दोनों के उच्चारण में कोई खास अन्तर महसूस नहीं होता परन्तु अर्थ में भिन्नता है।
• घन-बादल=धन-सम्पत्ति

सही उत्तर 'संबंधबोधक' है।

• दिए गए वाक्य, "छत पर पक्षी बैठे हैं।" में संबंधबोधक अव्यय है।
• क्योंकि इस वाक्य में पर कारक का उपयोग किया गया है।
• संबंधबोधक - जिस अव्यय शब्द से संज्ञा अथवा सर्वनाम का सम्बन्ध वाक्य के दूसरे शब्दों के साथ प्रकट होता है, उसे सम्बन्ध बोधक अव्यय कहते है।
• जैसे – से पहले, के भीतर, की ओर, की तरफ, के बिना, के अलावा, के बगैर, के बदले, की जगह, के साथ, के संग, पर, के विपरीत आदि।

Key Points

सही उत्तर 'तेज वर्षा हो रही थी इसलिए मैं आज ऑफिस नहीं गया।' है।

• 'तेज वर्षा हो रही थी इसलिए मैं आज ऑफिस नहीं गया।', वाक्य संयुक्त वाक्य है।
• उपरोक्त वाक्य में दो साधारण वाक्य एक योजक शब्द ‘इसलिए’ की सहायता से जुड़कर संयुक्त वाक्य बना रहे हैं।
• जिस वाक्य में दो या दो से अधिक उपवाक्य मिले हों, परन्तु सभी वाक्य प्रधान हो तो ऐसे वाक्य को संयुक्त वाक्य कहते है।

Key Points

• अन्य विकल्पों का विश्लेषण:

Additional Information

• वाक्य: शब्दों का ऐसा समूह जिसका जिसका कोई भाव/अर्थ प्रकट होता है,वाक्य कहलाता है।
• जैसे - राम खाना खाता है।
• ​रचना की दृष्टि से वाक्य के तीन प्रमुख भेद किये जाते हैं:

सही उत्तर 'जब चोर ने मुझे देखा तो भाग गए।' है।

• 'जब चोर ने मुझे देखा तो भाग गए।', वाक्य मिश्र वाक्य है।
• उपरोक्त वाक्य में 'जब चोर ने मुझे देखा' यह प्रधान वाक्य है और 'तो भाग गए**।'** यह वाक्य आश्रित वाक्य है, इस वाक्य में दो उद्देश्य और दो उपवाक्य है।
• अतः यह उदाहरण मिश्र वाक्य के अंतर्गत रखा जाएगा।

Key Points

अन्य विकल्पों का विश्लेषण: 

Additional Information

• वाक्य: शब्दों का ऐसा समूह जिसका जिसका कोई भाव/अर्थ प्रकट होता है,वाक्य कहलाता है।
• जैसे - राम खाना खाता है।
• ​रचना की दृष्टि से वाक्य के तीन प्रमुख भेद किये जाते हैं:

सही उत्तर 'योजक चिन्ह  (–)' है।

• दिए गए वाक्य में  'योजक चिन्ह  (–)' का प्रयोग होगा।
• शुद्ध वाक्य: तुम्हें अपना भला-बुरा स्वयं सोचना चाहिए।
• योजक चिह्न - व्याकरण में वह चिह्न(-) जो शब्दों, पदों, उपवाक्यों आदि को जोड़ता है, योजक चिन्ह कहलाता है। उदाहरण के लिए, लाभ-हानि, लेनी-देनी आदि।

Key Points

• (-:) निरर्थक चिन्ह है। हिंदी विषय में इस प्रकार के कोई भी चिन्ह नहीं होते है।
• अवतरण चिन्ह या उद्धरण चिन्ह (" ''): किसी की कही हुई बात को उसी तरह प्रकट करने के लिए अवतरण चिन्ह ( ''... '' ) का प्रयोग होता है।पुस्तक, समाचारपत्र, लेखक का उपनाम, लेख का शीर्षक इत्यादि उद्धृतकरते समय इकहरे उद्धरणचिन्ह ( ‘...’ ) का प्रयोग होता है।
• पुनरुक्ति सूचक चिन्ह (,,) का प्रयोग ऊपर लिखे किसी वाक्य के अंश को दोबारा लिखने से बचने के लिए किया जाता है।

Additional Information

सही उत्तर 'तरिणी' हैं।

• दिए गए विकल्पों में 'तरिणी' 'धीरज' शब्द का पर्यायवाची नहीं है।
• धीरज के अन्य पर्यायवाची शब्द : – संतोष, सब्र, तसल्ली, धैर्य, दिलासा, संतुष्टि, ढाढ़स, सांत्वना।
• तरिणी के पर्यायवाची शब्द: जलयान, जलवाहन, तरी, नाव, नौका, बेडा

Key Points

• जो विभिन्न शब्द एक ही अर्थ का बोध कराएं, उन्हें पर्यायवाची शब्द कहते हैं। सामान्य भाषा में इनको समानार्थक शब्द भी कहते हैं।
• उदाहरण:

सही उत्तर 'पारंगत' है।

'किसी विषय या क्षेत्र का पूरा ज्ञान रखने वाला' - वाक्यांश के लिए सार्थक शब्द 'पारंगत' है।

Key Points

अन्य विकल्प:

Additional Information

वाक्यांश- भाषा को सुंदर, आकर्षक और प्रभावशाली बनाने के लिए अनेक शब्दों के स्थान पर एक शब्द का प्रयोग किया जाता है तो वह वाक्यांश के लिए एक शब्द कहलाता है।

सही उत्तर 'बेकार की बातें करना' हैं।

• "इधर-उधर की हाँकना", मुहावरे का अर्थ ''बेकार की बातें करना' हैं।
• वाक्य प्रयोग- वह हमेशा इधर-उधर की हाँकता रहता हैं, कभी बैठकर पढ़ता नहीं।

 Key Points

अन्य विकल्पों का विश्लेषण:

Additional Information 

सही उत्तर 'संबंध' है।

• दिए गए वाक्य "यह पुस्तक मेरी है।" में संबंध कारक है।
• क्योकि "मेरी" शब्द संबंध कारक है।

Key Points

सही उत्तर 'उपेक्षित होना' हैं।

• "चित्त से उतरना”, मुहावरे का अर्थ 'उपेक्षित होना' हैं।
• वाक्य प्रयोग-  जब से प्रेमी के साथ रमा घर से भागी तथी से बह सबके चित से उतर गई।

Key Points

अन्य विकल्पों का विश्लेषण:

Additional Information

सही उत्तर 'सातत्य बोधक' है।

• दिए गए वाक्य "रेल जा रही है।" का पक्ष सातत्य बोधक है।
• दिए गए वाक्य में  "रेल जा रही है।" अर्थात् जाने की क्रिया की प्रक्रिया के चालू रहने का बोध होता है इसलिए यहां सातत्य बोधक हैं।
• सातत्य बोधक:  इससे क्रिया की प्रक्रिया के चालू रहने का बोध होता है, सातपय बोधक पक्ष कहलाता हैं।
• उदाहरण: राम कितना अच्छा खेल रहा है।

Key Points

अन्य विकल्पों का विश्लेषण:

• नित्य पक्ष: इस पक्ष में क्रिया के नित्य अर्थात सदा बने रहने का बोध हो नित्यता बोधक कहलाता हैं।
• उदाहरण: पृथ्वी गोल है।
• पूर्ण पक्ष से क्रिया की पूर्ण स्थिति का बोध होता है। इसमें कार्य-व्यापार को एक समग्र इकाई के रूप में देखा जा सकता है।
• उदाहरणार्थ- 'वह आया।'

सही उत्तर 'शाश्वत' है।

• दिए गए विकल्पों में से, **'**क्षणिक' शब्द का विलोम शब्द **'**शाश्वत' है।
• क्षणिक का अर्थ:अस्थायी
• शाश्वत का अर्थ: सदा रहने वाला।

Key Points

अन्य विकल्पों का विश्लेषण:

आंगिक का अर्थ: अंग चेष्टा या संकेत द्वारा अभिव्यक्त होने वाला।

Additional Information

• विलोमार्थक शब्द/ विलोम: 'विलोम’ शब्द का अर्थ है- उल्टा या विपरीत।
• अत: किसी शब्द का उल्टा अर्थ व्यक्त करने वाला शब्द विलोमार्थक शब्द कहलाता है।
• विलोमार्थक शब्दों को विपर्यायवाची, प्रतिलोमार्थक और विलोम शब्द भी कहते हैं।
• कुछ महत्वपूर्ण विलोम शब्द:-

सही उत्तर 'सम् + चय' है।

• 'संचय' शब्द व्यंजन संधि का उदाहरण है।
• 'संचय' का संधि विच्छेद = सम् + चय।
• 'संचय' शब्द में '(म् + च = ं)' का मेल हो रहा है इसलिए यहां व्यंजन संधि है।

Key Points

सही उत्तर **'**अल्प विराम चिन्ह (,)' है।

• दिए गए वाक्य में  'अल्प विराम चिन्ह (,)' का प्रयोग होगा।
• शुद्ध वाक्य: अनिल घर आया, थोड़ी देर रूका और चला गया।
• जहाँ दो से अधिक वाक्यांश आये पर उनके बीच संयोजक न हो तो अल्प विराम चिन्ह का प्रयोग होता है।

Key Points

आधुनिक युग युग में धरती पर जल की कमी जैसी समस्या उत्पन्न हुई हैं।

• गद्यांश के अनुसार:-
• आधुनिक युग में आदमी की लापरवाही ने धरती पर जल की कमी जैसी समस्या को उत्पन्न कर दिया है,
• जिसके भयंकर परिणामस्वरूप आज कई इलाके सूखाग्रस्त है एवं पीने योग्य पानी के लिए तरस रहे है। ​

Key Points

• आधुनिक - आजकल का, वर्तमान काल का, नये ज़माने का।
• विलोम शब्द - 'प्राचीन'
• युग - जुग, दौर, मन्वंतर, काल, कल्प, जमाना।

जल के बिना हमारा जीवन असंभव है।

• गद्यांश के अनुसार:-
• ​जल के बिना जीवन संभव नहीं है। जल प्रकृति द्वारा मानव को दिया गया एक अनमोल तोहफा है, जिसका मूल्य लगाना बहुत कठिन है।

Key Points

• असंभव - जो कभी घटित न हो सकता हो।
• विलोम शब्द - 'मुमकिन तथा संभव'

Additional Informationसरल:- 

• अर्थ: आसान, सादा, सुगम, सहज, सुलभ, सहल, सीधा, ऋजु, भोला।
• विलोम शब्द - 'कठिन'

साधारण:-

• अर्थ: सामान्य, आम, सार्वत्रिक, सहज, सुगम।
• विलोम शब्द - 'विशिष्ट'

उपर्युक्त गद्यांश का उपयुक्त शीर्षक होगा - 'जल संरक्षण'

• गद्यांश के अनुसार:-
• हमारे जीवन में जल के महत्व तथा जल के संरक्षण का उल्लेख किया गया है। ​

Key Points

• संरक्षण -  रक्षा करने की क्रिया या भाव, पूरी देख-रेख

Additional Informationदुरुपयोग:- 

• अर्थ: अनुचित उपयोग, बुरा इस्तेमाल।
• विलोम शब्द - 'सदुपयोग'

जल:-

• पर्यायवाची: वारि, पानी, नीर, सलिल, तोय, उदक, अंबु, जीवन, पय, अमृत, मेघपुष्प।

मूल्यवान:-

• पर्यायवाची: कीमती होने की अवस्था या भाव, बेशकीमती, अधिक मूल्यवाला।

पृथ्वी का तीन-चौथाई भाग जल से घिरा हुआ है।

• गद्यांश के अनुसार:-
• पृथ्वी का तीन-चौथाई भाग जल से घिरा हुआ है। इस तीन-चौथाई जल का 97 प्रतिशत जल नमकीन है जो मनुष्य द्वारा प्रयोग करने लायक नहीं है।​
• सिर्फ 3 प्रतिशत जल उपयोग में लाने लायक है।

Key Points

• विशेषण - एक, दो, तीन

Additional Informationविशेषण:- 

• संज्ञा अथवा सर्वनाम शब्दों की विशेषता (गुण, दोष, संख्या, परिमाण आदि) बताने वाले शब्द विशेषण कहलाते हैं।
• जैसे - बड़ा, काला, लंबा, दयालु, भारी, सुन्दर, कायर, टेढ़ा-मेढ़ा, एक, दो आदि।
• इस डब्बे में दस किताबें हैं।
• वह बहुत डरपोक है।

97 प्रतिशत जल नमकीन है। 

• गद्यांश के अनुसार:-
• पृथ्वी का तीन-चौथाई भाग जल से घिरा हुआ है। इस तीन-चौथाई जल का 97 प्रतिशत जल नमकीन है जो मनुष्य द्वारा प्रयोग करने लायक नहीं है। ​

Key Pointsप्रतिशत:-

• अर्थ: हर सौ पर, फी सदी, परसेंट।

The correct answer is 'was acting in accordance with'.

Key Points

• The error lies in the usage of the Simple Past Tense and the preposition 'to'.
• The phrase “in accordance to,” although sometimes seen in informal speech, is grammatically incorrect.
• “In accordance with” is correct when referring to something that we are complying with, such as a law, a contract, or advice.
• Example - In accordance with your request, I am sending a copy of my book.
• Thus, the phrase 'in accordance' should be followed by preposition 'with' not 'to'.
• Also, 'was acted' needs to be replaced by 'was acting' i.e., the Past Continuous tense.
• The Past Continuous tense is used to denote an action going on at some time in the past. The time of the action may or may not be indicated.
• Structure of the Past continuous tense: Subject + was/were + ing form of the verb + object.
• Example - We were listening to the radio all evening.
• Correct sentence: She was acting in accordance with the director's advice.

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Hence, the correct answer is option (2).

The correct answer is 'Valedictorian'.

Key Points

• 'Valedictorian' is an academic title for the highest-performing student of a graduating class of an academic institution (एक शैक्षणिक संस्थान के स्नातक वर्ग के उच्चतम प्रदर्शन करने वाले छात्र के लिए एक अकादमिक शीर्षक है)
• Example - She was the valedictorian of her class in 1985.
• Thus, the correctly spelt word is 'Valedictorian'.

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Hence, the correct answer is option (2).

The correct answer is 'SQPR'.

Key Points

• In this kind of sentence rearrangement, there are no definite rules to be followed. However, we can pick the correct answer by rearranging them with a correct approach.
• We need to analyze the statements and identify common points and find a pattern which can connect them.
• The phrase 'The car passed by me' introduces the sentence.
• S will be the first sentence after the given phrase because it tells us that the car passed by him splashed the water.
• Q will be the next part as it describes that the car passed by him splashing the water all over his white trousers.
• P would come next as it states that the water splashed by the car over his trousers left him soaked.
• R would be the last sentence as it describes that the incident happened on a cloudy day.

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Hence, the correct answer is option (4).

The correct answer is '1'.

Key Points

• The error lies in the usage of the word 'little'.
• 'Microbes' are tiny living things that are found all around us and are too small to be seen by the naked eye.
• As the 'Microbes' are tiny living things and are too small to be seen by the naked eyes.
• Thus, the use of the adjective 'little' is not needed before the noun 'Microbes'.
• Correct sentence: The presence of microbes is not necessarily a bad thing.

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Hence, the correct answer is option (2).

The correct answer is '4'.

Key Points

• The given sentence is free from any grammatical error.
• 'Sawgrass' is a common name of some species of plants in the genus Cladium and it is the subject of the sentence.
• The subject 'Sawgrass' is singular in number, thus it should be followed by a singular verb.
• The verb 'grows' is singular in form.
• Thus, the sentence contains no error.

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Hence, the correct answer is option (4).

The correct answer is 'to be extremely angry'.

Key Points

• The idiom 'To foam at mouth' means to be extremely angry (बहुत क्रोधित होना)
• Example - She was almost foaming at the mouth when she heard about the cost of the car repairs.
• Thus, the meaning of the given idiom is 'to be extremely angry'.

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Hence, the correct answer is option (2).

The correct answer is 'Callous'.

Key Points

• The word 'callous' means not caring about the feelings or suffering of other people (अन्य लोगों की भावनाओं या पीड़ा की परवाह नहीं करना)
• Example - In a callous act, the principal fired Jerome in front of his coworkers.
• In the given sentence, the word 'callous' is used in the sentence to imply that Thomas's made the remarks without caring about the feelings of her wife, which left her in pieces.
• Thus, the appropriate word to fill in the blank is 'Callous'.

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Hence, the correct answer is option (1).

Additional Information

• gloomy: sad and without much hope (उदास और निराश)
• Example - The news continues to be gloomy.
• frugal: using only as much money or food as is necessary (केवल उतना ही धन या भोजन का इस्‍तेमाल करते हुए जितना आवश्‍यक हो)
• Example - She lives a frugal life and expects us to do the same.
• barmy: extremely foolish (अत्यंत मूर्ख)
• Example - This is a barmy decision.

The correct answer is 'is waiting for'.

Key Points

• The error lies in the usage of the form of the verb 'wait'.
• The given sentence is in the Present Continuous tense.
• The Present Continuous tense is used for an action going on at the time of speaking.
• Structure of the Present continuous tense: Subject + is\am\are + ing form of the verb + Object.
• Example - The boys are playing hockey.
• In the given sentence, the patient was still waiting for the doctor at the time of speaking.
• Correct sentence: The patient is waiting for the doctor.

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Hence, the correct answer is option (4).

The correct answer is 'To marry a rich boy/girl'.

Key Points

• The idiom 'To marry a fortune' means to marry someone who is wealthy (किसी अमीर से शादी करना)
• Example - To throw away the opportunity to marry into a fortune and a title seemed to her an act of madness.
• Thus, the correct meaning of the given idiom is 'to marry a rich boy/girl'.

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Hence, the correct answer is option (4).

The correct answer is 'is'.

Key Points

• A verb must agree with its Subject in Number and Person.
• When a plural noun denotes some specific quantity or amount considered as a whole, the verb is generally singular.
• Example - Fifty thousand rupees is a large sum.
• The plural noun 'Five dollars' denotes a specific amount, thus it will be considered as a whole and the verb will be singular in form.
• As the given sentence is in Present tense.
• Thus, the appropriate word to fill in the blank is 'is'.

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Hence, the correct answer is option (3).

The correct answer is 'Parole'.

Key Points

• Let's explore the meaning of the given words:
• Accuse: to say that somebody has done something wrong or broken the law (यह कहना कि किसी ने कुछ गलत किया है या कानून तोड़ा है)
• Acquit: to state formally that a person is not guilty of a crime (किसी के निर्दोष होने की विधिवत घोषणा करना)
• Parole: permission that is given to a prisoner to leave prison early on the condition that he/she behaves well (सदाचरण की शर्त पर कै़दी की जेल से समय पूर्व रिहाई)
• Parley: a discussion or meeting between two groups of people who disagree, in order to try and find a way of solving a problem (समझौता आदि के लिए विशेषकर विरोधी पक्षों के बीच बातचीत या विचार विमर्श; सुलह की बातचीत)
• Thus, the word that can substitute the given sentence is 'Parole'.

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Hence, the correct answer is option (3).

The correct answer is 'Embolden'.

Key Points

• The word 'Affright' means to frighten someone (किसी को डराना)
• Example - Ghosts could never affright her.
• The word 'Embolden' means to give someone the courage or confidence to do something (किसी को कुछ करने का साहस या विश्वास देना)
• Example - The party has been emboldened by recent local election successes.
• Thus, the word 'Embolden' is opposite in meaning to the word 'Affright'.

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Hence, the correct answer is option (3).

Additional Information

• Daunt: to frighten or to worry somebody by being too big or difficult (डराना या निरुत्‍साहित करना)
• Example - It was a difficult situation, but nothing daunted, she refused to quit.
• Emasculate: make (someone or something) weaker or less effective (किसी को कमजोर या कम प्रभावी बनाना)
• Example - The refusal to allow them to testify effectively emasculated the committee.
• Bloat: make or become swollen with fluid or gas (द्रव या गैस से सूज जाना या बनना)
• Example - The fungus has bloated their abdomens.

The correct answer is 'Triggered'.

Key Points

• The word 'Triggered' is the past form of the verb 'Trigger' and it means to make something happen suddenly (अचानक कुछ करवा देना)
• Example - Her cigarette smoke had triggered off the fire alarm.
• Thus, the correctly spelt word is 'Triggered'.

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Hence, the correct answer is option (2).

The correct answer is 'Terrified'.

Key Points

• The word 'Horrified' means to make somebody feel extremely shocked, disgusted or frightened (किसी को अत्‍यंत आहत, खीजा हुआ या भयभीत करना)
• Example - We were horrified at the size of the bill.
• The word 'Terrified' means very afraid or frightened (बहुत भयभीत या डरा हुआ)
• Example - I’m absolutely terrified of snakes.
• Thus, the word 'Terrified' means the same as the word 'Horrified'.

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Hence, the correct answer is option (3).

Additional Information

• Anxious: full of mental distress or uneasiness because of fear of danger or misfortune (खतरे या दुर्भाग्य के भय से मानसिक पीड़ा या बेचैनी से भरा हुआ)
• Example - I began to get anxious when they still hadn’t arrived at 9 o’clock.
• Sacred: connected with God, a god or religion (किसी देवता या धर्म से संबंधित)
• Example - The Quran is the sacred book of Muslims.
• Desperate: out of control and ready to do anything to change the situation you are in because it is so terrible (अत्‍यधिक निराशा के कारण दुस्‍साहसी)
• Example - She became desperate when her money ran out.

The correct answer is 'RPSQ'.

Key Points

• In this kind of sentence rearrangement, there are no definite rules to be followed. However, we can pick the correct answer by rearranging them with a correct approach.
• We need to analyze the statements and identify common points and find a pattern which can connect them.
• Sentence R will be the first sentence because it introducing us the Subject 'reading'.
• Sentence P will be the next sentence as it mentions the books that we read simply for pleasure and amusement such as novels.
• Sentence S would come next as it describes what kind of books are novels.
• Sentence Q would be the last sentence as it describes that whenever we are tired, Novels provide us recreation to lose ourselves into.

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Hence, the correct answer is option (3).

The correct answer is 'soil pollination'.

Key Points

• Refers to the line from the passage:
• Others require pollen from another plant of the same species - that's called cross-pollination.
• Sometimes gravity helps pollen fall into place. Sometimes wind carries it. Wind-pollinated flowers, like those of many trees and grasses, don't produce a scent.
• Other flowers are pollinated by birds, bats, insects or even small rodents carrying the pollen from one flower to another. In these cases, the flowers might provide a little incentive. Animal pollinators are rewarded by sweet energy- and nutrient-rich nectar or protein-packed pollen they can eat.
• From the above lines, it is evident that 'wind pollination', 'cross pollination' and 'animal pollination' are the methods that are being used for pollination in plants.
• Thus, 'soil pollination' is not one of the methods used for pollination in plants.

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Hence, the correct answer is option (3).

The correct answer is 'Fouled'.

Key Points

• The word 'putrid' means smelling bad after being dead for some time (बदबूदार)
• Example - The food there was putrid.
• The word 'Fouled' means to spoil or damage something by making it dirty (किसी वस्तु को गंदा करके बिगाड़ना या बिगाड़ना)
• Example - The oil spill fouled the river and destroyed habitats.
• Thus, the synonym of the word 'putrid' is 'fouled'.

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Hence, the correct answer is option (1).

Additional Information

• Pristine: extremely fresh and clean as if new (बिलकुल स्वच्छ एवं निर्मल, नए की तरह)
• Example - My office is a mess but her office is always pristine.
• Rustic: typical of the country or of country people (ग्रामीण (क्षेत्र या व्‍यक्तियों से संबंधित))
• Example - The whole area is full of rustic charm.

The correct answer is 'Flowers stop producing floral scent once they are pollinated'.

Key Points

• Refers to the line from the passage:
• Some plants can self-pollinate, using their own pollen to fertilize the ovule.
• flower scents are made up of a large and diverse number of chemicals that evaporate easily and float through the air.
• Flowers that need the help of insects and bats go one step further, producing a floral scent that acts as a smelly kind of welcome sign for just the right pollinator.
• From the above lines, it is evident that the statement 'Flowers stop producing floral scent once they are pollinated' is incorrect and all the other statements are correct.

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Hence, the correct answer is option (3).

The correct answer is 'How scent is produced in flowers?'

Key Points

• Refer to the lines from the passage:
• Imagine walking through a tropical forest as a sweet scent wafts through the air. A little farther down the path, the putrid stench of rotting flesh makes you catch your breath. Upon investigation, you find that both odours originate from flowers.
• It is evident from the above line that there are two type of scent, 'sweet scent' and 'putrid stench of rotting flesh from flowers'.
• Others require pollen from another plant of the same species - that's called cross-pollination.
• It is evident from the above line that in cross-pollination it requires pollen from another plant of the same species.
• To differentiate itself from other flowers, each species' flowers puts out a unique scent to attract specific pollinators. Similar to the perfumes at a department store counter, flower scents are made up of a large and diverse number of chemicals that evaporate easily and float through the air.
• It is evident from the above line that flowers smell to attract specific pollinators.
• Thus, the only question is not answered by the given passage is 'How scent is produced in flowers?'

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Hence, the correct answer is option (1).

The correct answer is 'Pale'.

Key Points

• The word 'blooming' means glowing, as with youthful vigor and freshness (युवा जोश और ताजगी के साथ चमक रहा है)
• Example - She's in blooming health.
• The word 'Pale' means not bright or brilliant (उज्ज्वल या शानदार नहीं)
• Example - a pale sun shining through the fog.
• Thus, the word 'pale' is the antonym of the word 'blooming'.

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Hence, the correct answer is option (1).

Additional Information

• Flush: to become red in the face (लाल हो जाना)
• Example - Reena flushed and could not hide her embarrassment.
• Ruddy: having a healthy red colour (एक स्वस्थ लाल रंग होना)
• Example - He had a naturally ruddy complexion.
• Absolute: not measured in comparison with something else (बिना किसी से तुलना किए)
• Example -  Spending on health services has increased in absolute terms.

The term puberty is sometimes equated with adolescence. However, both terms are not the same. Puberty is only a small part of the larger process of adolescence.

Key Points

• Puberty refers to the physical and sexual maturation of both boys and girls.
• Adolescence also includes the cognitive, social, and behavioral characteristics of this period.
• The same long-term trend concerning puberty trends toward earlier attainment of adult height and sexual maturity.
• Puberty happens to all individuals – boys and girls. It is 13-19 years of age.
• The body not only grows in size but the features that distinguish boys and girls also develop during these years.
• For a brief period of two or three years, both boys and girls experience what is referred to as a growth spurt. Adolescents shoot up in height and gain weight.
• In both boys and girls, as the height increases, there is a rapid increase in the development of muscles. However, boys show a more rapid increase than girls.

Hence, we can conclude that only II is the correct answer.

Babies can communicate their thoughts and feelings to you very effectively even before they are born. It is known as crying.

Key Points

• For infants, crying is an essential form of communication. It is essential to ensuring the child's survival, health, and development.
• The key to effectively meeting the needs of the child is therefore being able to identify different types of crying, which is also a relief for many parents.
• It is only through crying that your new baby can communicate with you how he or she feels or what he or she needs.
• Babies cry to let you know what they need or want, such as more cuddles or none at all, or that they are hungry or not hungry enough, too tired or not tired enough, or too cold or too warm. Moreover, infants occasionally cry for no apparent reason.

Hence, we can conclude that the most powerful way and sometimes the only way to communicate your needs to babies is by crying.

Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act or popularly called the Right to Education (RTE) Act, describes the modalities of the provision of free and compulsory education for children between 6 and 14 years of age in India under Article 21A of the Indian Constitution. India became one of 135 countries to make education a fundamental right of every child when the Act came into force on 1" April 2010.

Important Points 

• The RTE Act provides for the:
• Right of children to free and compulsory education till completion of elementary education in a neighborhood school.
• It clarifies that 'compulsory education' means the obligation of the appropriate government to provide free elementary education and ensure compulsory admission, attendance, and completion of elementary education to every child in the 6 to 14 age group.
• 'Free' means that no child shall be liable to pay any kind of fee or charges or expenses which may prevent him or her from pursuing and completing elementary education.
• It specifies the duties and responsibilities of appropriate Governments, local authorities, and parents in providing free and compulsory education, and sharing financial and other responsibilities between the Central and State Governments.
• It provides for the appointment of appropriately trained teachers, i.e. teachers with the requisite entry and academic qualifications.

Key PointsHere, the section-11 under RTE Act stated that: 

• Section 11: Appropriate Government to provide for pre-school education: With a view to prepare children above the age of three years for elementary education and to provide early childhood care and education for all children until they complete the age of six years, the appropriate Government may make necessary arrangement for providing free pre-school education for such children.

Hence, we can conclude that under the Free and Compulsory Education for Children Act 2009, the appropriate government is responsible for making necessary arrangements for providing early childhood care and education for all children until they complete the age of 6 years.

Temperament refers to emotional dispositions such as the prevailing mood or mood pattern of an individual. It determines the intensity and speed of reactions to a situation.

Key PointsCharacteristics of temperament in children include activity level, distractibility, adaptability, sensitivity, and quality of mood. 

• Slow-to-warm-up children - It includes children whose temperament is generally mild but who are hesitant about accepting new experiences.
• Difficult children -They have intense reactions, irregular routines, and a negative mood.
• Easy Children - They are generally happy and active from birth and adjust easily to new situations and environments
• Active Children - They readily approach and easily adapt to new situations, they react mildly to things and remain happy.

Hence, we can conclude that option 1 is the correct solution.

Reflexes are involuntary movements of the body performed without conscious effort. A baby is born with certain reflexes that help him in his survival in the early stage.

Key Points

The reflexes of a newborn baby are:

• Moro - It is a reflex during the first few weeks in which the baby's head shifts position abruptly or falls backward--or if he is startled by something loud or abrupt--he will extend his arms and legs and neck and then rapidly bring his arms together.
• Tonic neck- when the baby's head turns to one side, his corresponding arm will straighten, with the opposite arm bent, as if he's fencing.
• Sucking - It is a survival reflex when a nipple and areola are placed deeply in the baby's mouth, he automatically begins to suck. This helps him in feeding milk.

Hence, only Moro reflex is correctly matched. Hence option 1 is the correct answer.

Additional Information

The reflexes of a baby are essential to fulfilling survival needs. Some reflexes remain with newborns for months, while others go away in weeks.

The Central Nervous System (CNS) consists of the brain and the spinal cord.  Thus, it is possible to say that the system is housed within the spine and the skull.

• These are the most vital parts of the human body. Because they are such delicate structures, meninges help to protect them and cover them.
• Meninges are three thin membranes or soft-tissue layers that protect the CNS. They are known as the dura mater, arachnoid membrane, and pia mater.

Key Points

• The spinal cord is in charge of the basic reflexes that occur in the body. The neurons of the spinal cord are in charge of transmitting data from the body's sensory receptors to the brain and transferring data from the brain to the body's muscles and other glands. As a result, it combines the information that travels to and from the brain and other parts of the body.
• The brain is at the center of the central nervous system. It is protected by the skull and connected to the body via the spinal cord and brain stem region. The peripheral nervous system, which reaches from the brain to various parts of the body and back again, transmits and receives neural signals that convey data about pressure, pain, touch, movement, balance, and the senses of sight, hearing, smell, and taste.

Hence. we can conclude that the brain and spinal cord are involved in the central nervous system.

Implicit Memory: The information people don't purposely try to remember gets stored in implicit memory, which is also sometimes referred to as unconscious or automatic memory. This kind of memory is both unconscious and unintentional.

Key Points

Implicit memories are usually non-conscious and not verbally articulated. It is often procedural and focused on the step-by-step processes that must be performed in order to complete a task. 

• Procedural memories, such as how to perform a specific task like swinging a baseball bat or making toast, are one type of implicit memory.
• It does not involve steps to be recalled.
• In this memory, the early form of conditioning does not appear to depend on the striatum.

Hence, neither** I nor II is correct in the context of Implicit memory. Option 3 is the correct answer.**

Additional InformationExplicit Memory: When we try to remember something intentionally, this information is stored in our explicit memory. People use these memories every day, from remembering information for a test to recalling the date and time of a doctor's appointment. It is also known as declarative memory it is consciously recognized and explained.

Types of Explicit Memory:

• Episodic memory: These are long-term memories of specific events, such as what you did yesterday or your high school graduation.
• Semantic memory: These are memories of facts, concepts, names, and other general knowledge.

The brain forms an essential organ of the Central Nervous System and consists of various organs that are responsible for the control and coordination in an organism.

Key PointsThe brain is composed of -

• Neurons: Also known as the unit of the nervous system. These are cells responsible for the conduction of impulses from the brain to different organs and vice versa.
• Glial cells: Also known as neuroglial cells have a structural role within the central nervous system and also regulate nerve firing rates, brain plasticity (guiding early brain development), and immune responses.

Hence, both I and II form the brain. Option 4 is the correct answer.

Important PointsThe human brain is called the control and coordinating center of the body and consists of three parts responsible for the different cognitive functions :

• The cerebrum is the front part of the brain and includes the cerebral cortex which is responsible for many processes including controlling movement, thinking, emotion,problem-solving, and learning.
• The brainstem is made up of the midbrain, pons, and medulla. It connects the cerebrum to the spinal cord which performs several important functions such as hearing and movement. It also helps formulate responses to environmental changes, which include potential threats.

Information Processing Theory is a cognitive theory that examines how information is stored in our memories. The theory explains how information is filtered by our brains, starting with what we are currently focusing on and moving on to what is stored in our working memory and long-term memory.

Key Points

Statement I. It is related to individual differences in cognition.

Statement II. It aims to describe the mental processes in which people receive and remember information or solve problems.

Explanation:  

• According to the information processing approach, thinking is characterized by the environment providing data input, which is then transformed by our senses. "Mental programs" can be used to store, retrieve, and transform information, with behavioral responses as the end result.
• According to Information Processing Theory, forming a long-term memory occurs in stages:
• First, we perceive something using our sensory memory, which is comprised of everything we can currently see, hear, feel, or taste; next, we use our short-term memory to store information for very brief periods of time, such as phone numbers; and finally, long-term memory is permanently stored in our brains.
• Information Processing Theory is developed by American psychologist George Miller in the 1950s. The information is filtered by our cognitive processes, which determine what information is significant enough to "save" from our sensory memory to our short-term memory and, ultimately, to encode it into our long-term memory.
• Thinking, perception, recalling, recognizing, logical reasoning, imagining, problem-solving, our sense of judgment, and planning are all cognitive processes.

Hence, we can conclude that both I and II statements are correct.

The study of nutrition focuses on how food and drink affect our bodies, particularly with regard to the vital nutrients required to support human health.

• In terms of nutrition, a balanced diet should be consumed. You can get the nutrients and energy you need from food and drink.

Key PointsStatement I. High levels of complex carbohydrates are found in potatoes, pasta, and bread.

Statement II. Nutritionists recommend a varied diet including lots of grains, fruits, and vegetables.

Explanation:  

• One of the main macronutrients and one of your body's main energy sources is carbohydrates. The key is to find the right carbohydrates—not to completely avoid them—which is why some weight loss programs discourage eating them.
• One essential nutrient that can be found in many different food types is carbohydrates.
• Bread and pasta are typically associated with carbohydrates, but they can also be found in dairy products, fruits, vegetables, grains, nuts, legumes, seeds, sugary foods, and sweets.
• Fiber, starch, and sugar are the three ingredients that makeup carbohydrates.

Hence, we can conclude that both I and II statements are correct.

Gender discrimination is when a person is treated unequally or unfairly because of their gender, but not necessarily because of their sexual orientation.

• This includes sex-based, gender-identity- or gender-expression-based harassment or discrimination. Preconceived, false societal and individual beliefs about what gender is, how gender "should" look, or how gender is performed are frequently the root of gender discrimination.

Key PointsStatement I. Newborn boys and girls respond differently to stress, possibly suggesting genetic, hormonal, or temperament differences.

Statement II. Baby girls tend to be a bit taller and heavier than baby boys and can be a bit sturdier.

Explanation:  

• An actual or perceived threat to a person's physical or psychological well-being can be described as stress, which causes physical and behavioral reactions. Boys and girls react to stress differently as newborns, which could indicate genetic, hormonal, or temperamental differences.
• When it comes to anatomy, the differences between boys and girls are fairly obvious. Boys are typically a bit taller and heavier at birth than girls do, and this pattern persists as babies get older, with girls weighing about a half pound less.

Hence, we can conclude that only statement I is correct.

Attachment theory, developed by John Bowlby and later extended by Mary Ainsworth, describes the emotional bonds or attachments that infants form with their primary caregivers.

Key Points

• Ainsworth identified different patterns of attachment through the "Strange Situation" experiment, where infants and caregivers were observed in a series of brief separations and reunions.
• The four main types of attachment are secure, insecure-avoidant, insecure-ambivalent/resistant, and disorganized-disoriented.
• Avoidant Attachment: In infants with avoidant attachment, the primary characteristic is a lack of distress upon separation from the caregiver and avoidance of contact upon the caregiver's return.
• These infants may not seek comfort or show much emotion when the caregiver leaves, and they often appear indifferent or actively avoidant when the caregiver returns.

Hence, we can conclude that In Avoidant attachment, an infant rarely cries when separated from the primary caregiver and avoids contact upon his or her return.

Jean Piaget:

• Piaget was a Swiss psychologist.
• Piaget, emphasizes the importance of the physical environment in our development.
• He also emphasizes biological abilities.
• We inherit from heredity and somewhere ignored the social aspect.
• He is also known as the father of child psychology.
• Piaget was a radical constructivist.
• He believed in the independent construction of knowledge by a child himself.

Key Points Important terms:

• Schema: It is a set pattern or organized categories of information and the relationship between these categories that as books, devices, monuments, etc.
• Assimilation: It is the process of incorporating new information into the schemes.
• Accommodation: It is the process of adjusting or manipulating existing schemes due to disequilibrium in the existing schemes.
• Equilibrium: The state of balance between the assimilated information and the information you encounter in type outside world.
• Disequilibrium: The state of imbalance between the assimilated information and the information you encounter with the outside world.

Thus both statement is correct.

Additional InformationStages of Cognitive Development:

1. Sensory motor stage(birth-2 years):

• Senses are teachers.
• Reflex action.
• Imitative behaviour.
• Object permanence(out of sight, out of mind does not apply anymore.).

2. Pre- Operational stage(2-6 years):

• Operation means mental process.
• Transductive reasoning or somewhat we say not so logical reason comes.
• The crucial stage for language development.
• According to Piaget, the child learns to think first and develops the language later.
• Irreversibility- children believed that action cannot be reversed or undone.
• Egocentric children cannot take others' perspectives in this stage.
• Animism-a child believes in a non-living thing as a living thing that has feelings in it.

3. Concrete Operational stage(7-11 years):

• The logic begins with concrete objects.
• Reversibility develops.
• Transitivity develops- the ability to recognize relationships among various things.
• Classification comes.
• Conservation- the ability to understand the quantity.
• This stage is also known as later childhood or gang age.

4. Formal Operational stage(12 years and up): 

• In this stage, children develop logic about abstract things.
• Deductive reasoning comes going from general to specific.
• Hypothetical-deductive reasoning comes- is the ability to think scientifically by generating predictions or hypotheses, about the solution of a problem.
• Age of divergent/ convergent/ creative thinking.

According to Piaget’s cognitive developmental theory, our thoughts and reasoning are part of adaptation. Cognitive development follows a definite sequence of stages. Piaget described four major stages of cognitive development:

1. Sensory-motor stage (Birth- 2 years)
2. Pre-operational stage (2-7 years)
3. Concrete operational stage (7-11 years)
4. Formal operational stage (11+ years)

Key PointsStatement I. In Piaget's theory, it is the third stage of cognitive development.

Statement II. Infants learn through senses and motor activity.

Explanation: 

Sensory Motor Stage: (0-2 Years)

• At this stage, the child has reflex actions such as sucking and grasping.
• Gradually, a child also develops object permanence.
• Infants learn through senses and motor activities.
• As a child grows, they can also imitate a person who is not present in the immediate environment. This is called ‘deferred imitation.’

Hence, we can conclude that only II is correct with reference to the sensorimotor phase.

Additional Information 

Jean Piaget's cognitive development theory:

• Cognitive development takes place at different rates at different stages of development.
• Cognition develops through the interaction between the child and the environment.
• Piaget's theory focuses not only on understanding how children acquire knowledge but also on understanding the nature of the child's intelligence.

Key Points Concept of Sensorimotor stage(birth- 2 years):

• During this stage, babies up to 2 years learn through their senses.
• In this stage, they develop motor functions.
• They learn about their environment and who belongs to it.
• They also learn how to solve problems through trial and error.
• One of the primary lessons learned in the sensorimotor stage is object permanence.
• Object permanence is the concept that things do not vanish from existence if they are no longer in plain sight.

Hence, we can conclude that babies show signs of pain and interest soon after birth, which are mostly physiological responses to sensory stimuli.

Additional Information 

Operant Conditioning is also known as Instrumental Conditioning is given by B.F. Skinner that to a process by which humans and animals learn to behave in order to get rewards and punishment.

Key Points

• Operant Conditioning is the consequence of a response that determines the probability of a behavior being repeated.
• Operant conditioning is a type of learning in which behavior is modified by its consequences. Reinforcement is the process of increasing the likelihood of a behavior by following it with a rewarding stimulus. Punishment is the process of decreasing the likelihood of a behavior by following it with an aversive stimulus.
• The learning that associates an involuntary response and a stimulus is called Classical Conditioning which is given by Pavlov.
• Operant conditioning is associated with cause-and-effect relationships whereas Classical conditioning is associated with the stimulus-response theory.
• Operant conditioning involves a behavior that is followed by pleasant consequences is likely to be repeated, and behavior followed by unpleasant consequences is le ss likely to be repeated.

Hence, Only I is the correct answer.

Additional Information

Skinner talks about three types of responses, or operants, that can follow behavior;

• Neutral operants: These are responses from the environment that neither increase nor decrease the probability of a behavior being repeated.
• Reinforcers: These are responses from the environment that increase the probability of a behavior being repeated. Reinforcers can be either positive or negative.
• Punishers: These are responses from the environment that decrease the likelihood of a behavior being repeated. Punishment weakens behavior.