Given:

Six articles P, Q, R, S, T and W are kept one above the other.

• 1. W is kept just above S.

 

• 2. There is no article between S and R.

 

• 3. Q is kept just below R.

 

• 4. T is below P. P is just above W.

 

Hence, “W, S, R” is the combination of articles kept between P and Q.

The logic followed here is :

The first and second letter is increased by +2 and +6 respectively and numbers are first multiplied by 2 and then 1 is added to them.

Thus, the missing term is 'AV111'.

Hence, the correct answer is "AV111".

The logic followed here is : 

Every letter is decreased by - 3.

Thus, the missing term is 'GDP'.

Hence, the correct answer is "GDP".

The logic followed here is:

Every letter is decreased by -5.

• 'TAIBA' is written as "VWDVO".

Similarly,

• 'SOLFA' will be written as :

Thus the code for 'SOLFA' will be "VAGJN".

Hence, the correct answer is "VAGJN".

The logic followed here is:

• KITE : BVFM

Similarly,

Option (2)

• BANG : DPXD

Hence the correct answer is "BANG : DPXD".

The logic follows here is:

 

The thing that is used to write is 'PEN'.

But, here 'PEN' is called as "KEYS'.

Hence, the correct answer is "Keys".

According to the given information :

6 persons G, H, K, M, R and T are sitting in a row facing towards south.

1. Three persons are sitting between R and K. K is towards the right of R. 

• So, there are two possibilities:

 

2. G is the immediate neighbour of H and M.

3. R is not at any of the end of the row. 

• So, Case 2 will be eliminated as it contradicts the given statement.

4. H is to the immediate right of G.

​

• ​Thus, the final arrangement is:

Clearly, 'T is second to the left with respect to M'.

Hence, the correct answer is "Second to the left".

The logic followed here is:

1st word is "a 2 dimensional figure" and 2nd word is "a 3 dimensional figure of first".

Rectangle: Cuboid → Rectangle is a 2 dimensional figure and Cuboid is a 3 dimensional figure of Rectangle.

Similarly,

Square : Cube → Square is a 2 dimensional figure and Cube is 3 dimensional figure of Square.

Hence, the correct answer is "Square : Cube".

Important PointsRectangle: Cuboid  : :  Square : Cube 

​

The logic followed here is:

Every letter is increased by +1.

• BORN : CPSO

Similarly,

• OVER = ?

Thus, 'OVER' is related to 'PWFS'.

Hence, the correct answer is "PWFS".

Given:

• Five students S1, S2, S3, S4 and S5.
• They likes one fruit among F1, F2, F3, F4 and F5.
• They also like one phone among P1, P2, P3, P4 and P5.
• No two of them likes same fruit and same phone.

1. One who likes P4, doesn't like F3.

2. S2 and S3 both doesn't like P4 and F3.

 

3. S1 likes F1.

4. S2 likes P2.

 

5) S4 likes F2.

 

6. S1 and S4 like F1 and F2 and S2 and S3 don’t like F3 so S5 likes F3.

And who likes F3 doesn’t like P4.

 

7. One who likes P5 also likes F5.

So, only S3 have left.

 

8. One who likes P4, doesn't like F1.

 

 9) Only F4 is left so S2 likes F4 and four students don’t like P4 only S4 is left so,

 

10. Only P1 and P3 is left so,

 

Now, check all the options:

Option (1) S5 likes F3 → True

Option (2) S4 can like P3 → False (Because S4 likes P4).

Option (3) S1 likes either P3 or P1 → True

Option (4) S3 likes F5 and P5 → True

Hence, “S4 can like P3” statement is not correct.

The logic followed here is: 

Every four letters of the word are increased by +4, +7, +10, +13 respectively.

And again the same process is repeated for the next four letters also.

• 'SQUIRREL' is written as 'WXEVVYOY'.

Similarly,

• 'TOMORROW'  is written as:

'TOMORROW'  can be written as 'XVWBVYYJ'.

Hence, the correct answer is "XVWBVYYJ".

The logic followed here is:

​Hence, the correct answer is "HV33".

Family Chart:

Given:

'P + Q' means 'Q is the mother of P'

'P - Q' means 'Q is the husband of P'

'P × Q' means 'Q is the brother of P'

'P ÷ Q' means 'P is the son of Q' (reverse)

'P @ Q' means 'Q is the wife of P'

Let us first decode the given symbols and then draw a family tree.

 Now break the code ‘A ÷ R + S × G @ T + F’

1) A ÷ R

'A ÷ R' means 'A is the son of R'

2) R + S

'R + S' means 'S is the mother of R'

3) S × G

'S × G' means 'G is the brother of S'

4) G @ T

'G @ T' means 'T is the wife of G'

5) T + F

'T + F' means 'F is the mother of T'

Now, check all the statements:

I. G is the son in law of F → True

II. R is the son/daughter of S → True

III. G is the father of A → False (G is the brother of the grandmother of A)

Hence, Option 3 would be the correct answer as statement III only is false.

The logic followed here is:

All the options given are forms of occupations.

Option 1) An editor is an occupation in which a person edits a newspaper.

Option 2) Farmer is an occupation in which a person grows food.

Option 3) Carpenter is an occupation in which a person creates furniture.

Option 4) Newspaper is not an occupation.

​Hence, the correct answer is "Newspaper".

The logic followed here is,

The words are related to substances and substances that they are formed from.

Option 1) Curd – Milk → Curd is formed from Milk.

Option 2) Cloth – Fibre → Cloth is made from Fibre.

Option 3) Wall – Brick → Wall is made from Brick.

Option 4) Shoes – Coal → But shoes are not made from coal.

​​Hence, the correct answer is "Shoes – Coal".

According to the given information,

• 5 boys A, F, L, M, and T are sitting around a circular table facing the center.
• F is to the immediate right of A.
• T is second to the right of F.

• L is not to the immediate right of T.
• Therefore L has only 1 position left, i.e to the left of T.

​

​Hence, the correct answer is "0".

The least possible diagram is as follows:

Conclusions:

I. Some pink are car → False (There is no direct relation between Pink and car. It may be possible but not definite)

II. No car is pink → False (There is no direct relation between Pink and car. It may be possible but not definite)

​Hence, the correct answer is "Neither conclusion follows".

The logic followed here is:

 

Sum of all letter place value - 4 = Code.

<br>

Hence, the correct answer is "49".

The least possible diagram is as follows:

Conclusions:

I. Some F are not J.→ True (As per the statement some F are B and No J is B, there will always be a part of F that will not be be J).

II. Some B are not J. → True  (As per the given statement no B is J).

As both the conclusion are possible but not definite, both statements are correct.

Hence, the correct answer is "Both conclusion I and II follow".

The logic followed here is:

1) QMA – AUF

2. HPF – QXJ

3. LWX – UEB

4. YRO – HZS

• As we can see only option 1 follows a set pattern of numbers with the other letters.
• There is a constant decrease in the numbers subtracted
• -16 → -18 → -20

Hence, the correct answer is "QMA – AUF".

Here,

@ = +

= ×

Given:

18 @ 27 # 2 = 72

Putting the value of @ and #

= 18 + 27 × 2

= 18 + 54

= 72

And

14 # 3 @ 17 = 59

Putting the value of @ and #

= 14 × 3 + 17

= 42 + 17

= 59

Similarly,

16 @ 24 # 3 = ?

Putting the value of @ and #

= 16 + 24 × 3

= 16 + 72

= 88

Hence, “88” is the correct answer.

The pattern followed here is :

• All the figures consists of two different types of symbols (3 - 3 symbols of each type) placed in two rows.
• Three symbols are kept in each row opposite to each other.
• Different symbols are placed opposite to each other and the symbols in the middle are filled.

This pattern is followed by all the options except option 1.

Here, in this figure same symbols are placed opposite to each other at middle and at last position in both the rows, which contradicts the pattern followed by the other options.

Thus, 'option 1' figure is different.

Hence, the correct answer is "option 1".

Given:

I. Number of socks which are only white are 2 → True

The shaded part represents the number of socks which are only white.

So, the number of socks which are only white = 2

II. Number of socks which are pink are 8 → False

The shaded part represents the number of socks which are pink.

The number of socks which are pink = 8 + 3 = 11

Hence, 'Only I’ statement is correct.

Given Series : 11, –6, –25, –48, –76, –108

The logic followed here is:

"Next number in the series is obtained by subtracting consecutive prime number starting from '17', from the previous number.

According to the logic, a consecutive prime number is subtracted from the previous numbers but in the given series even number i.e. '28' is subtracted from the 4th term i.e. '-48' which gives the wrong term of the series which is "-76".

Therefore, the wrong term in the series is -76.

Thus, the correct series is:

Calculation :

(11) - 17 = -6

(-6) - 19 = -25

(-25) - 23 = -48

(-48) - 29 = -77

(-77) - 31 = -108

Hence, the correct answer is "–76".

Statements:

I. No G is T.

II. All G are M.

III. Some G are N.

The least possible diagram for the given statements is as follows :

Conclusions:

I. Some M are N → True (Because Some G are N and All G are M, therefore Some G which are N are also M; thus it is definitely true)

II. Some N are not T → True (Because Some G are N and No G is T, therefore some N which are G are definitely not T; thud it is definitely true)

III. No T is G → True (Because No G is T, therefore No T is G is definitely True) 

Hence, the correct answer is "All conclusion follows".

For this question, the relation is given below :

From figure (I) and (II), '8' and 'A' is common.

Now, we take clockwise direction from 8 in figure (I) and (II) respectively.

1. In figure (I), taking clockwise direction from 8 we have 'A' and '7' respectively.
2. In figure (II), taking clockwise direction from 8 we have 'A' and '5' respectively.

​Therefore, we have:

 

Clearly, from the above table we can conclude that '5' is opposite to '7'.

Hence, the correct answer is "5".

Now check all the options:

Given: 8 + 1 − 36 ÷ 2 × 3

Option 1 : − and ×

After interchange the − and ×,

= 8 + 1 × 36 ÷ 2 - 3

= 8 + 1 × 18 - 3

= 8 + 18 – 3

= 26 – 3

= 23 ≠ 61

Option 2 : − and +

After interchange the - and +,

= 8 - 1 + 36 ÷ 2 × 3

= 8 – 1 + 18 × 3

= 8 – 1 + 54

= 62 – 1

= 61

Option 3 : + and ÷

After interchange the + and ÷,

= 8 ÷ 1 − 36 + 2 × 3

= 8 − 36 + 2 × 3

= 8 – 36 + 6

= 14 – 36

= 22 ≠ 61

Option 4 : ÷ and ×

After interchange the + and ÷,

= 8 + 1 − 36 × 2 ÷ 3

= 8 + 1 – 36 × 0.67

= 8 + 1 - 24

= 9 - 24

= - 15 ≠ 61

Hence, the correct `answer is Option 2 : “− and +”.

The Venn diagram best represent the relationship between Red, Purple and White is shown below :

Clearly, Red, Purple, White all are different types of colors and thus they are represented by three different circles.

Hence, the correct answer is "option 2".

The logic followed here is:

1st Number – 2nd number = 23

Option (1) 167 – 144 → 167 – 144 = 23

Option (2) 132 – 109 → 132 – 109 = 23

Option (3) 182 – 159 → 182 - 159 = 23

Option (4) 144 – 120 → 144 – 120 = 24 ≠ 23

Hence, “144 – 120” is an odd one.

The Logic here is as follows:

• The numbers are shifted in a clockwise direction.
• When the upper right side letter shifted to the lower right side its replaced by a symbol.

​

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 2".

Statements:

I. Some A are M.

II. All S are M.

The least possible diagram for the given statements is as follows :

Conclusions:

I. No M is A → False (Beacuse Some A are M, therefore No M is A is definitely false)

II. No A is S → False (Because there is no direct relation between A and S, so it is possible but not definite)

III. Some S are A → False (Because there is no direct relation between A and S, so it is possible but not definite)

Hence, the correct answer is "Neither conclusion follows".

According to the given information:

We can see that the shaded part denotes the number of bikes that are not male = 11 + 9 = 20. 

That is given as "20".

​Hence, the correct answer is "20".

The mirror image should be as follows:

• Of the given options only Option 1 matches the output.

​Hence, the correct answer is "Option 1".

The paper when unfolded will appear as follows:

After unfolding the paper, the triangles would become squares, and the circles will remain as they are.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 3".

According to the given information:

We can see that the shaded part denotes the number of shuttles that are bat = 6 + 3 = 9. 

That is given as "9".

​Hence, the correct answer is "9".

The figure that will replace the question mark (?) in the following figure series is shown below:

• The arrows become dark and light alternate.
• The middle circle rotate clockwise in directions

Final series is

Hence, ‘option 2’ is the correct answer.

The logic followed here is:

• All the images have 3 different types of figures inside an enclosed square.
• Option 1-

• Option 2-

• Option 3-

• Option 4 has two similar figures, i.e 2 triangles.

​Hence, the correct answer is "Option 4".

The number of Quadrilaterals in the given figure is,

So the total number of quadrilaterals becomes 17.

​Hence, the correct answer is "17".

The least possible diagram is as follows:

Conclusions:

I. Some X are C. → True (From the given statements it is clearly given that some C are X)

II. Some M are X. → False (There is no direct relation between M and X. It may be possible but not definite)

III. Some F are C..→ True (From the given statements it is clearly given that all X are F, as X intersects with C, F will also intersect).

​Hence, the correct answer is "Only conclusions I and III follow".

Given:

I. Total number of curtains are 23 → True

The shaded part represents the total number of curtains.

So, the total number of curtains = 3 + 4 + 11 + 5 = 23

II. Number of bikes which are not curtain is 25 → True

The shaded part represents the number of bikes which are not curtain.

The number of bikes which are not curtain = 16 + 9 = 25

Hence, 'Both I and II’ statement is correct.

The correct answer is Babur.

Key Points

• Babur defeated Ibrahim Lodi in 1526 AD at Panipat. It is known as 1^st war of Panipat.

 

• ​Famous Battles of Panipat

Additional Information 

• Akbar was the son of Humayun.
• Akbar became king of Delhi in 1556 AD with the help of his guardian Bairam Khan.
• Akbar won the 2nd war of Panipat by defeating King Hemu.
• Humayun became the king after the death of Babur in 1530 AD.
• Humayun fought the Battle of Chausa (1539 AD) & battle of Kanauj (1540 AD) and was defeated by Sher Shah Suri
• Jahangir ruled between 1605 AD to 1627 AD.
• Jahangir is famous for his Chain of Justice.

The Correct answer is 6.6 cm × 14.2 cm.

Key Points

• The size of the 100 rupees note of the Mahatma Gandhi (New) series is 6.6 cm × 14.2 cm.
• Rani ki Vav(Queen's Stepwell) is printed on the back side of the note.
• Rani ki vav is located in Gujrat, which is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Additional Information

• India has four Currency Note Printing Presses.
• The central government controls two of them - Nashik in Maharashtra (Western India) and Dewas in Madhya Pradesh (Central India).
• An RBI subsidiary, the Bharatiya Reserve Bank Note Mudran (P) Ltd controls the other two - at Mysuru in Karnataka and Salboni in West Bengal.
• In India, the paper currently being used for printing banknotes is made using 100% cotton.
• The Reserve Bank has the sole authority to issue banknotes in India.
• Coins are minted in four mints owned by the Government of India.

The Correct answer is Duopoly.

Key Points

• A market with a Monopoly has just 1 producer, a Duopoly has 2 businesses, and an Oligopoly has 3 or more businesses.
• The special case of Oligopoly where there are exactly two sellers is termed a Duopoly.

Additional Information

• Perfect competition describes a market structure where competition is at its greatest possible level. To make it more clear, a market that exhibits the following characteristics in its structure is said to show perfect competition:
• A large number of buyers and sellers
• Homogenous product is produced by every firm
• Free entry and exit of firms
• Zero advertising cost
• Monopoly - A market structure characterized by a single seller, selling a unique product in the market. In a monopoly market, the seller faces no competition, as he is the sole seller of goods with no close substitute.
• Simple Monopoly - It is a market structure in which a single firm sells a commodity or service by charging a uniform price from all its buyers.
• Discrimination Monopoly - It occurs when different prices are charged for the same commodity in different markets.

The correct answer is Stratosphere. 

Key Points

<br>

 

1. Troposphere: Average height is 13 km. The air we breathe exists here. Almost all the weather phenomena like clouds, rainfall, fog, and hailstorm occur in this layer.
2. Stratosphere: Up to an altitude of 50 km from the earth’s surface. Almost free from clouds, most ideal for flying airplanes, Contains a layer of ozone gas (Ozonosphere). Temperature increases with height in this layer.
3. Mesosphere: Up to an altitude of 80 km. Meteorites burn up in this layer on entering from the space. Temperature decreases with height in this layer.
4. Thermosphere: It extends between 80-400 km. In the thermosphere, the temperature rises very rapidly with increasing height. The ionosphere is a part of this layer. This layer helps in radio transmission. The International Space Station and satellites orbit in this layer. Temperature increases with height in this layer.
5. Exosphere: The uppermost layer of the atmosphere is known as the exosphere. This layer has very thin air. Light gases like helium and hydrogen float into space from here.

The Correct answer is 1600 AD. 

Key Points

• In 1600 AD, the East India Company acquired a royal charter from the ruler of England, Queen Elizabeth.
• The trade was started as a monopolistic trading body so that they could participate in the East Indian spice trade.

Additional information

• In 1651 AD, the first English factory was established on the bank of the Hugli river in Bengal.
• This royal charter was unable to prevent other European powers to enter East Indian Trade Market.
• On the western coast of India, the Portuguese had already set up their base and searched all possibilities of trade in the Indian ocean.
• Soon, the French came into the picture and were interested in buying the same goods.

The Correct option is Both I and II.

Key Points

• Any natural mass of mineral matter that makes up the earth's crust is called Rocks.
• The earth's crust is made up of different types of rocks.
• These rocks are of different sizes, colors, and textures.
• There are mainly 3 types of Rocks:
• Igneous Rocks: Molten magma cools and becomes solid, and igneous rocks are formed. They are also known as Primary Rocks. Ex. - Granite
• Sedimentary Rocks: These rocks are formed when rocks roll, crack and hit each other and are broken down into small pieces. **Ex. - **Sandstone
• Metamorphic Rocks: Under high heat and pressure, Igneous and Sedimentary rocks can change into Metamorphic rocks. Ex. - Marble and Slate

The Correct answer is 70 – 80 times per minute.

Important Points

• The heart is a muscular organ about the size of a fist, located just behind and slightly left of the breastbone.
• The heart pumps blood through the network of arteries and veins called the cardiovascular system.
• A typical heart has two upper and two lower chambers. The upper chambers, the right, and left atria receive incoming blood, the lower chambers, the more muscular right, and left ventricles pump blood out of the heart. The heart valves are gates at the chamber openings.
• The world's 1^st heart transplant was done by Christian Bernard.
• William Harvey discovered blood circulation in the human body.

The Correct Option is Both I and II.

Marginal Standing Facility (MSF) and Reverse Repo Rate (RRR) determine the corridor for daily movement in the weighted average, Call money rate.

• Monetary Policy Corridor: The area between the lower RRR & upper ceiling rate of the MSF rate.

                                                               Fig: Monetary Policy Corridor

• To design monetary Policy Operations, The corridor structure for the policy rate is a helping guide for RBI.
• MSF: It is a provision made by the RBI through which scheduled Commercial banks can obtain liquidity Overnight. It controls mismatch in the short-term asset liability more effectively.
• RRR: The rate offered by the RBI to the banks that deposit funds with it. it controls the money supply in the market.
• Repo Rate: The rate at which the Central bank (RBI) grants loans to the commercial banks against government securities for Short Term Financial Needs. It controls the inflation in the economy.
• MSF>REPO RATE >REVERSE REPO RATE
• 

The correct option is Neither I nor II.

Key Points 

• A wind instrument is a musical instrument that contains some type of resonator.
• In this instrument, the air is used as a primary vibrating medium to produce a sound.
• There are mainly 2 types of wind instruments on the basis of the material used to make them,
• Brass instruments: Horns, Trumpets, Trombones, Euphoniums, and Tubes.
• Woodwind Instrument: Flutes, Been, Recorders, Oboes, Clarinets, Saxophones, Bassoons, Piccolos.
• Thus, both the given instruments are wind instruments.
• Therefore, the correct answer is Neither I nor II.

The Correct Option is Arvind Parikh.

Key Points

• Arvind Parikh is an Indian classical musician from Gujarat.
• Awards & Honours : 
• Padma Bhushan
• Sangeet Natak Akademy Award for Hindustani Music - Instruments (Sitar).

Additional Information

• Hariprasad Chaurasia (born 1 July 1938) is an Indian music director and classical flutist, who plays the flute, in the Hindustani classical tradition.
• Sandeep Das is an Indian Tabla player and composer currently based in Boston, MA.

Important Points

The correct Option is the Trade Balance.

The balance of exports and imports of goods is referred to as the Trade Balance.

Key Points

• The Trade Balance is the difference between the value of goods that a country or economic area exports and the value of goods imports.
• India has a negative Bilateral Trade Balance with China, Saudi Arabia, Switzerland, Iraq, and South Korea. India has the highest trade deficit with China. India has a surplus trade balance with USA, UK, Bangladesh, Nepal, and UK.
• The Balance of Payment of a country is the difference between all the money flowing into the country and the outflow of the money to the rest of the world.
• The Trade Surplus is a situation in a country when the value of goods exports is more than the value of goods imports.
• The Trade Deficit is a situation in a country when the value of goods imports is more than the value of goods exports

Important Points

• Trade Balance = Value of goods Exports -  Value of goods Imports
• Trade Surplus: Value of goods Exports >  Value of goods imports
• Trade Deficit: Value of goods Imports >  Value of goods  Exports
• Balance of Payment = Money flowing into the country - Outflow of the money to the rest of the world

The Correct Option is Both I and II.

Key Points

• The Kharif crops which are grown in the rainy season in the different parts of the country are known as Kharif Crops.
• Kharif crops are also known as Mansoon /Autumn crops. Kharif crops are cultivated in Alluvial soil.
• Kharif crops are cultivated at the beginning of the rainy season i.e. April - May.
• Kharif crops are harvested in months of September - October.
• High humidity and high Temperature are required for Kharif's crops.
• Examples of Kharif Crops: Moong, Urad, Cotton, Jute, Groundnut, Soyabean, Paddy, Maize, Jowar, Bajra, and Tur (Arhar).
• Rabi Crops :
• Rabi crops are known as Winter Crop(October to March).
• Rabi crops are sown in the winter season and harvested in the spring in India.
• Examples of Rabi Crops: Wheat, Gram, Pea, Mustard, Linseed, Barley, Sunflower.

Additional Information

• United Nations has declared 2023 as the International Year of Millets (Grass Crops).

The Correct Option is II and III.

Key Points

• Isotopes: The atoms of an element having the same atomic number but a different mass number are called isotopes.
• All isotopes have the same chemical properties.
• Hydrogen, Cadmium, and Boron are examples of Isotones.
• Hydrogen has 3 isotopes:

 

• Isotones: The nuclei having an equal number of neutrons are called isotones.
• For isotones, both the atomic number (Z) and mass number (A) are different, but the value of (A – Z) is the same.
• Isobars:
• The nuclei with the same mass number (A) but a different atomic number (Z) are called isobars.
• Examples of Isobars are 14 C 6, and 14 N 7.

The Correct Option is I, II, and III.

Key Points Metals: 

• The elements readily forms positive ions (cations) are called Metals.Ex.→ Na, K, Mg, Fe, Cu, Ag etc.
• Metals are usually Solid, a good conductor of Heat & Electricity, Malleable, Ductile, Sonorous, Have a good tensile strength.
• Metals react with oxygen to form their respective Metal Oxides i.e. Metal + Oxides →  Metal Oxides

Non-Metals: 

• Non-Metals form Negative ions by accepting or gaining electrons.
• They are Insulators, Have Lower Tensile Strength, Dull Appearance.

Important Points

• To test the acidity and basicity of these Metal Oxides, they are made with water & then react with water and then tested with litmus paper.
• A basic solution turns litmus to blue whereas an acidic solution turns blue litmus to red.
• Metal Oxides + Water → Metal Hydroxides
• Metal oxides are Basic in nature.
• Some Metal Oxides, for example,Oxides of Aluminum and Zinc show both acidic and basic nature Such Oxides are called Amphoteric Oxides.
• Non-metallic oxides are Acidic in nature. Ex.→ SO₂ + H₂O → H₂SO₄ + 2H .
• The basic solution has more OH - ion concentration than H+ ion.

The Correct Option is Prokaryotic.

Key Points

• Prokaryotes are those which consist of a single Prokaryotic cell.
• Pro (means primitive), so these organisms do not have advanced cellular features like membrane-bound organelle, nuclear membrane, 80s ribosomes, etc.
• Examples: Bacteria and archaea.
• Eukaryotes are multicellular organisms with eukaryotic cells.
• These organisms have all advanced cellular features. Examples: Protists, Fungi, Plants, and Animals (everything except prokaryotes).

                                                                 

tic C

                                                                      Fig: Prokaryotic vs Eukaryotic Cell

https://sciencenotes.org/prokaryotic-vs-eukaryotic-similarities-and-differences/

Important Points

The Correct Option is Jhalawar.

Additional Information

• Gagron Fort is placed in jhalawar district of Rajsthan.
• It is UNESCO world heritage site , which is known in history for the remarkable feat by women who performed Sati or Jauhar.
• It is the only fort having three courtyard because normally the forts have two.
• It was first settled by Raja Bijaldev of Parmara Empire in 1195 AD.

UNESCO Heritage sites in Rajasthan:

• Jaipur and Ahmedabad are the only two cities in UNESCO heritage from India.
• About UNESCO:
• UNESCO is is a specialized agency of the United Nations.
• UNESCO stands for "The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization".
• UNESCO Headquarter : Paris, France

The Correct Option is Capital Method.

Key PointsNational Income:

• The complete value of final goods and services produced by resources during its financial year., after adjusting depreciation.
• it is also known as Net National Product (NNP) at Factor Cast (FC).
• It does not include Taxes, Depreciation, and Non-factor inputs (raw materials).
• National Income = ( C + G + I + X + F - D )
• Where,

             C → Consumption

             G → Government Expenditure

             I → Investments

             X → Net Export (Exports subtracted by Imports )

             F → National Resident's Foreign Production

             D → Non-National Resident's Domestic Production 

Methods to Measure National Income: There are 3 methods to calculate National Income,

• Income Method
• Expenditure Method
• Product (Value-Added) Method

Additional InformationIncome Method:

• Calculated by adding All the Factors of Production (rent, wage, interest, profit) and the mixed-income of self-employed.
• 1/3^rd of Indian people are self-employed.
• This is the production within the borders of the country so it is "Domestic Income".

Expenditure Method: In the Expenditure Method, We use the following equation,

                                       Y = C + I + G + (X-M)

• Where,

             Y → GDP at M.P.

             C → Private Sector's Expenditure on Final Consumer Goods

             G → Govt's Expenditure on final Consumer Goods 

              I → Investments or Capital Formation 

             X → Exports

             (X-M) →

The Correct Option is Jute.

Key Points Jute :

• Golden Fibre Revolution is known for Jute Production.
• Jute is known as Golden fibre because of its shiny brown color. Jute is a Kharif Crop.
• Jute is the crop of hot and humid climates.
• It requires a high temperature (24o C to 35o C) and heavy rainfall of 120 to 150 cm.
• Uses- Gunny bags, Ropes, Strings, Carpets, Rugs and Clothes, Tarpaulins, and Decoration pieces.
• West Bengal , Assam and Bihar are the producer of Jute .

Additional Information

Cotton : 

• Temperature- Warm and humid (20o C to 30o C) and a lot of sunshine.
• Rainfall- 55 to 100 cm.Sowing period- June-July.
• Harvesting period- December- January.It requires frost-free days.
• Cotton Producers States- Gujrat is the leading producer followed by Maharashtra, Telangana, Andhra Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh.

Coffee :

• India's ranked seventh in Coffee production in the year 2017-2018.
• Bazil is the leading producer of Coffee in the world.Countries that are ahead of India are Vietnam, Colombia, Indonesia, Honduras, and Ethiopia.
• In India, Karnataka is the leading producer of Coffee.

Tea:

• Tea , Cocoa, Coffee and Cola drinks contains Caffiene.
• Caffeine is popularly used because they lift the mood as they act on the nervous system .
• Dibrugarh is known as the Tea City Of India .

The Correct Answer is West Bengal.

Poush Porban festival is celebrated in West Bengal in the winter (January) season. This Festival is dedicated to God Surya. Poush Festival is also known as Paush Sankranti.

Additional Information

• Indian States Festivals :

The Correct Option is Both I and II.

The main mineral constituent of the continental mass is Silica(Si) and Alumina(Al). Thus, it is called Sial.

Additional Information The earth is divided into 4 layers named,

• The solid crust on the outside
• The Mantle
• The Outer Core
• The Inner Core

 

The Correct Option is 24.

The first, ever in-person Quad Summit was held on 24^th September 2021 in Washington D.C., USA.

Key Points

• President Biden of the USA, hosted Prime Minister Scott Morrison of Australia, Prime Minister Narendra Modi of India, and Prime Minister Yoshihide Suga of Japan at the White House for the first-ever in-person Leaders’ Summit of the Quad.
• They have put 4 ambitious initiatives that deepen our ties and advance practical cooperation on 21^st- century challenges:
• Ending the COVID-19 pandemic, including by increasing production and access to safe and effective vaccines.
• Promoting high-standard infrastructure.
• Combatting the climate crisis.
• Partnering on emerging technologies, space, and cybersecurity; and cultivating next-generation talent in all of our countries.

Additional Information

• Quad is an informal strategic forum comprising 4 nations, namely:
• United States of America (USA)
• Australia
• India
• Japan
• The objectives of Quad: To work for an open, free, prosperous, and inclusive Indo-Pacific region.
• The group met for the 1^st time in 2007 on the sidelines of ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations).

The Correct Answer is 1867.

Key Points

• The Prarthana Samaj (Prayer Society) was established on 31^st March 1867 AD, in Mumbai by Atmaram Pandurang with the help of Keshav Chandra.
• After joining Mahadev Govind Ranade, It became more popular.
• AIM: To make people believe in One God and worship only one God.

The Correct Answer is Danielle Collins.

Key Points

• Australian Open (2022)
• The 2022 Australia Open was a Gland Slam Tennis Tournament that took place at Melbourne Park, Australia.
• It is the 1^st Gland Slam of the year.

• French Open (Roland-Garros) 2022: It is the 2^nd Gland Slam of four annual Gland Slam Championship of the year.

• Wimbledon Open (2022) :

• US Open (2022):

The Correct Answer is Only II.

Ravindra Jadeja is a sportperson of Cricket and Bajrang Punia is a sportperson of Wrestling.

Key Points

• Ravindra Jadeja is an All-rounder from Saurastra (Gujrat), who bats left handed and bowls left arm orthodox spin.
• Ravindra Jadeja is the 1^st Indian and 8^th in the history of Cricket who score 3 , first-class triple centuary in his career.
• Ravidra Jadeja got ICC ODI Team of the Year 2013 & 2016. He also got Arjuna Award in 2019.
• Bajrang Punia is an Indian freestyle wrestler from Jhajjar, Haryana.
• Bajrang Punia won the Bronze medal in Tokyo Olympics 2020, in 65 Kg category and India's flagbearer as the Tokyo Olympics 2020 came to an end with closing ceremony.
• Bajrang Punia is the only indian wrestler to win 3 medals at the World Wrestler Championship.

The Correct Answer is SAHAYAK – NG.

SAHAYAK - NG is the advanced version of the SAHAYAK Mk I air-droppable container.SAHAYAK - NG IS India's 1^st indigenously designed and developed air-droppable container.

Design & Developed by: Two labs of the DRDO and private company Avantel.

Features :

• It is aided by GPS.
• It can carry a payload of up to 50kg.
• It can be dropped from heavy aircraft.

Use/ Importance of SAHAYAK – 

• It reduces the requirement of ships to come close to the coast to collect spares and stores.
• It will help to provide critical engineering stores to ships that are deployed more than 2,000 km. from the coast.

DRDO: Defence Research and Development Organisation**.**

• Founded: 1958 AD
• Headquarters: DRDO Bhavan**, New Delhi**.
• Chairman: Dr. G. Satish Reddy
• Motto: "Balasya Mulam Vigyanam" means The source of strength is science- which drives the nation in peace and war.

The Correct Option is Both I and II.

During the Partition of Bengali, Lord Curzon was the Governor General. took place in 1905 under his governorship.

Key PointsLord Curzon (1899-1905) AD:

• He passed the Calcutta Corporation Act in the year 1899.
• According to the act, it increased the number of official members and decreased the strength of elected official members.
• As official members were mostly British Subjects it caused resentment in the Indian public.
• He was the Viceroy who passed a law for protecting Ancient Indian monuments.
• Bengal, Bihar, and Orissa had formed a single province of British India in 1765. By 1900 the province had grown too large to handle under a single administration.
• East Bengal, because of isolation and poor communications, had been neglected in favor of West Bengal and Bihar.

The Correct option is Both I and II.

Mesut Ozil is a German Football sportsperson and Michael Phelps is an American Swimmer

Additional InformationFamous Sportspersons of Swimming and Football :

.

The Correct option is Both I and II .

Sahitya Akademy award prizes the most outstanding books of literary merit published in any of the major Indian languages recognized by the Akademy**.**

Shashi Tharoor won the Sahitya Akademy award in 2019 for his book 'An Era of Darkness - The British Empire In India (2016)'.

Key Points

• Sahitya Akademy award is the Literary honor, which is conferred by India’s National Akademy of Letters.
• The Sahitya Akademi Award was established and first awarded in the year 1954.
• Sahitya Akademi annually to writers of the most outstanding books of literary merit published in any of the 24 listed languages(22 languages as listed under the Eighth Schedule of the Indian Constitution and 2 other languages recognized by the Sahitya Akademi).
• Sahitya Akademi was designed by the Bharat Ratna recipient, renowned Indian filmmaker, Satyajit Ray.
• The Award is in the form of a casket containing an engraved copper plaque, a shawl, and an amount of 1 Lakh.

Other Famous Books Of Shashi Tharoor : 

• The Great Indian Novel (1989)
• Show Bussiness (1992)
• India From Midnight to the millennium (1997)
• Riot (2001)
• Bookless in Baghdad (2005)
• India Shastra: Reflection on the Nation in our time (2015)

The Correct Answer is Karan Johar.

An Unsuitable Boy is an autobiography of Karan Johar.

Key Points

• Uday Chopra is an Indian Actor, Film Producer, Screenwriter, and Director in Bollywood.
• Nikhil Advani is an Indian Film & Television Director, Writer, and Producer in Bollywood. He is co-founder of Emmay Entertainment Company.
• Akshay Kumar's actual name is Rajiv Hari Om Bhatia. He is an Actor and Producer.
• Akshay Kumar won many awards including National Film Festival Award.

The Correct Answer is Hockey.

Key Points

• Rupinder Pal Singh is an Indian Hockey Player.
• He is from Faridkot, Panjab.
• He is a Fullback and the best drag-flicker in the world.
• He was part of an Indian hockey team that won a Bronze medal in the Tokyo Olympics 2020.
• Other Indian Hockey players: Manpreet Singh, PR Sreejesh, Mandeep Singh, etc.

FIH Star Awards 2020-2021:

The Correct Answer is Dr. Lalji Singh.

Key Points 

• The father of DNA Fingerprinting in India is Dr. Lalji Singh. He was from Jaunpur, Uttar Pradesh.
• Famous Books of Dr. Lalji Singh: My Travails in the Witness Box, DNA Fingerprinting: The Witness Within

Additional Information Some important Scientist’s names:

The Correct Answer is 16.

Key Points 2022 ICC Under-19 Cricket World Cup:

• It was an international limited-overs cricket tournament, held in January-February 2022 in West Indies.
• It was the 14^th edition of the Under-19 Cricket World Cup.
• 16 teams took part in the game. It was the fourteenth edition of the Under-19 Cricket World Cup.
• It was the first tournament, held in West Indies. Bangladesh was the defending champions.
• Matches were played in Antigua, Saint Kitts, Guyana, and Trinidad.
• The final match was played at Sir Vivian Richards Stadium in Antigua.
• New Zealand withdrew from the tournament because of extensive mandatory quarantine restrictions for minors on their return home.
• Scotland was named as their replacement.

Important Points

• India wins the 2022 U19 World Cup title, by beating England by 4 wickets. Yash Dull was the captain of the Indian Team.
• India clinched a record-extending fifth (5^th) U19 World Cup title in Antigua.
• About ICC
• Headuarter of ICC - Dubai, UAE
• Founded - 15th June 1909
• Chairman of ICC - Greg Barclay

The Correct Answer is Abolition of Untouchability.

Key Points

• The Fundamental Rights from the articles 12-35 have been classified under six categories:
• Right to Freedom​
• Right to Equality
• Right against Exploitation
• Right to Freedom of Religion
• Cultural and Educational rights
• Right to constitutional remedies.

Additional Information

• Article 14 - Equality before the law
• Article 15 - Prohibition of discrimination on grounds of religion, race, caste, sex, or place of birth.
• Article 16 - Equality of opportunity in matters of public employment
• Article 17 - Abolition of untouchability
• Article 18 - Abolition of titles
• Article 19 - Protection of certain rights regarding freedom of speech, etc.
• Article 20 and 21 are the two articles (Fundamental Rights) of the Indian Constitution that are not suspended even during the National Emergency under Article 359.
• Article 20 gives protection in respect of conviction for offenses.
• Article 21 gives the right to life, personal liberty, and the right to die with dignity.
• Article 21A gives free education to all children aged, six to fourteen(6-14) years.

The Correct Option is Both I and II. 

Dholavira is located on Khadir Beyt in the Rann of Kutch. It is divided into three parts.

Key Points

• The site was in news quite recently and it is expected that you know this. Dholavira is located on Kadir island in the Rann of Kutch in Gujarat.
• The city had an impressive and unique water harvesting and management system.
• It can be noted that this area receives less than 160 cm of rain every year and is very prone to droughts.
• A sophisticated water management system demonstrates the ingenuity of the Dholavira people in their struggle to survive and thrive in a harsh environment.
• Underground structures have revealed an intricate system of interconnected water reservoirs, check dams, and bunds for diverting the water of the Manhar river to a reservoir.
• At the rest of the sites mentioned in the options, such elaborate water harvesting structures have not been found.

Additional Information

• The civilization that appeared in the northwestern part of India and Pakistan in the third millennium BCE is collectively called the Indus Civilization.
• Harappan culture is divided into various phases:
• Early Harappan 3000–2600 BCE
• Mature Harappan 2600–1900 BCE
• Late Harappan 1900–1700 BCE

Others Indus Valley Civilization:

• Sannathi:
• ​Sannathi was a small village on the banks of the river Bhima in Chittapur taluk of Kalaburagi.
• ​Sannathi is an important Buddhist site in the Kalaburagi district excavated by the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI).
• A sculpture-portrait of Emperor Ashoka — the only available image of the Mauryan emperor was found here.
• A magnificent Maha Stupa, which had been referred to as Adholoka Maha-Chaitya (The Great Stupa of the Netherworlds) in the inscriptions has been discovered here.
• Balathal:
• ​Balathal is a Harappan site located in the state of Rajasthan.
• It is located on the banks of the Katar river.
• The site was discovered by V. N. Mishra during a survey in 1962-63.
• Alamgirpur:
• ​Alamgirpur is an archaeological site of the Indus Valley Civilization that thrived along Yamuna River (on the banks of Hindon river) (c. 3300–1300 BC) from the Harappan period. (Located in Uttar Pradesh)
• The site was discovered and excavated by Dr. Y.D. Sharma of Archaeological Survey of India.
• It is the easternmost site of civilization.
• Lothal :
• It was a Dockyard, a Terracotta figurine of a horse, a Double burial, Rice Husks.
• Modern Location : Ahmedabad district of Gujarat

The Correct Answer is United Nations Development Programme.

Global Multidimensional Poverty Index 2021 was released by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and the Oxford Poverty & Human Development Initiative (OPHI).

Key PointsGlobal Multidimensional Poverty Index

• According to the Global MPI 2021, the Indian standard is 66 out of 109 countries.
• National MPI aims to eliminate the global MPI and create a global-oriented MPI for India to design broad-based Transformation Programs with the ultimate goal of improving India's position at the Global MPI levels.
• MPI is based on the idea that poverty is not unidimensional (not just depends on income and one individual may lack several basic needs like education, health etc.), rather it is multidimensional.
• The index shows the proportion of poor people and the average number of deprivations each poor person experiences at the same time.
• MPI uses three dimensions and ten indicators which are:
• Education: Years of schooling and child enrollment (1/6 weightage each, total 2/6);
• Health: Child mortality and nutrition (1/6 weightage each, total 2/6);
• Standard of living: Electricity, flooring, drinking water, sanitation, cooking fuel and assets (1/18 weightage each, total 2/6).

The Correct Answer is Pandit Jasraj.

Pandit Jasraj is the first Indian musician to get a minor planet named after him

Key Points 

• Pandit Jasraj :
• ​Pandit Jasraj (28 January 1930  – 17 August 2020) was an Indian classical vocalist, belonging to the Mewati Gharana (musical apprenticeship lineage).
• His musical career spanned 75 years resulting in national and international fame, respect, and numerous major awards and accolades.
• Awards and honours:
• Padma Shri (1975)
• Sangeet Natak Akademi Award (1987)
• Padma Bhushan (1990)
• Padma Vibhushan (2000)
• Swathi Sangeetha Puraskaram (2008)
• Sangeet Natak Akademi Fellowship (2010)

Additional Information

• A. R. Rahman :
• Allah Rakha Rahman is an Indian Singer, Songwriter, and film composer.
• Rahman's Awards :
• Padma Bhusan
• 6 National Film Awards
• 2 Academy awards
• 2 Grammy Awards
• 1 BAFTA Award
• A Golden GLOBE Award
• Zakir Hussain: He is an Indian Tabla Player from Mumbai, Maharastra .
• Asha Bhosle: She is an Indian Playback Singer.

The Correct Option is October.

The second phase of the Malabar Naval Exercise was held on 12-15 October 2021.

Key Points

• The 25^th edition of Malabar exercise 2021 is carried out in 2 phases
• Hosted by the US navy and conducted in the Bay of Bengal.
• Participating Countries: United States Of America (USA), India, Japan, Australia.
• Aimed: To improve the planning, training, and employment of advanced warfare tactics between the participating countries.
• INS Ranvijay, INS Satpura, P8I long-range maritime patrol aircraft, and submarines are represented by the Indian Navy.
• During the 1^st phase of the Malabar exercise, the 4 navies operated in the Philippines sea.

Additional Information

• Extra:-​Some exercises by the Indian Army:-

• Some exercises by the Indian Navy:- ​

• Some exercises by the Indian Airforce:-

The Correct Option is Both I and II.

Key PointsThere are 3 lists in Indian Constitution :

• Union list
• State List
• Concurrent List

1. Union List: 100 items on which Parliament has exclusive power to make laws.
2. State List: It has 61 subjects. Earlier, it had 66 items.
3. Concurrent List: 52 items on which both Central and State governments can make laws. The idea of the Concurrent List in the Indian constitution is adopted from the Australian Constitution.

• The Seventh Schedule of the Constitution of India is about the subject of the distribution of legislative powers between the Union and the States that are defined under several articles.
• Articles 245 and 246 of the Indian Constitution have been defined in the Seventh Schedule of the Indian Constitution.

The Correct Answer is 1992.

The 73^rd constitutional amendment of the Indian constitution takes place in 1992 AD.

Key Points

• Panchayati Raj was constitutionalized through the 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act of 1992.
• The term Panchayati Raj in India signifies the system of rural local self-government.
• It has been established in all the states of India by the Acts of the state legislatures to build democracy at the grass-root level.
• It is entrusted with rural development.
• 73rd Constitutional Amendment has added a new Part-IX entitled ‘the panchayats’ and a new 11th Schedule containing 29 functional items of the panchayats.
• In 1959, Jawaharlal Nehru inaugurated the 1st generation panchayat at Nagaur in Rajasthan on 2nd October.
• National Panchayati Raj Day: 24 April.

Important Points

• Important Committee :

The Correct Option is Both I and II.

Part XV of the Indian constitution deals with Elections.

Article 324 of the Indian constitution deals with Superintendence direction and control of elections to be vested in an election commission.

Key Points Part XV of elections contains following  

• Art. 324
• ​Superintendence, direction, and control of elections to be vested in an Election Commission.
• Art. 325
• ​No person is to be ineligible for inclusion in or to claim to be included in a special, electoral roll on grounds of religion, race, caste, or sex.
• Art. 326
• Elections to the House of the People and the Legislative Assemblies of States to be based on adult suffrage.
• Art. 329
• Bar to interference by courts in electoral matters.

 Additional Information

Some other important Articles with their Provisions:

Given:

25 percent of A = 5/4 of B

Calculation:

25% of A = 5/4 of B

$\frac{25}{100}$ × A = $\frac{5}{4}$ × B

$\frac{A}{B}$ = $\frac{5}{4}$ × $\frac{100}{25}$

$\frac{A}{B}$ = $\frac{5}{1}$

A : B = 5 : 1

Answer is 5 : 1.

Given:

Arijit spends 20 percent of his monthly income on food

40 percent of his monthly income on travelling

20 percent of his monthly income on rent

Formula used:

Income = Expenditure + Savings

Calculation:

Total Income is 100%

Arjith spends 20% on food = 20%

Arjith spends 40% on travelling = 40%

Arjith spends 20% on rent = 20%

Remaining percent he saves = 100% - 20% - 40% - 20%

= 20%

20% = 6400(Savings)

1% = 320

Total Income,

100% = 100 × 320 

= 32000

Monthly income of Arijit is Rs. 32000

Answer is 32000.

Given:

Selling price of a pen is Rs. 1080

Profit percentage is 20 percent

Formula used:

Selling Price = Cost Price (100 ± Profit or Loss)%

Calculation:

Selling price of a pen is Rs. 1080

1080 = Cost Price (100 + 20)%

1080 = Cost Price × $\frac{120}{100}$

1080 × $\frac{100}{120}$ = Cost Price 

Cost Price = 900

If selling price of this pen becomes Rs. 850,

850 = Cost Price (100 - loss)%

850 = 900 × $\frac{100-loss}{100}$

$\frac{100-loss}{100}$ = $\frac{85}{90}$ 

100 - loss = $\frac{85}{90}$ × 100

100 - loss = 94.4(approx.)

loss% = 100 - 94.4

= 5.6%(approx.)

Answer is 5.55 percent.

Alternate MethodGiven:

Selling price of a pen is Rs. 1080

Profit percentage is 20 percent

Calculation:

Cost Price = 100%

Selling Price at 20% profit = 120%

Selling Price at x% loss = 850

120% → 1080

1% → 9

x% → 850/9

x% = 94.4(approx.)%

Loss = 100% - 94.4

= 5.6%(approx.)

Answer is 5.55 percent.

Given:

The value of a diamond is proportional to the square of its weight

value of a diamond is Rs. 9450

The ratio of the weights of these three pieces is 2 : 4 : 9

Concept used:

A Proportional to B is, A = K B (where K is a constant in place of proportionality)

Calculation:

let the ratio of the weight of three pieces after broken be 2x , 4x , and 9x respectively

Then total weight before breakage is,

2x + 4x + 9x = 15x

The value of a diamond is proportional to the square of its weight

Value of a diamond = K (15x)² (where K is a constant in place of proportionality)

9450 = K × 225x²

Kx² = 9450/225

After breakage the value of the diamond is,

Value of the diamond = K { (2x)² + (4x)² + (9x)² }

= K { 4x² + 16x² + 81x² }

= K {101x²}

= 101Kx²

= 101 × 9450/225

= 4242

Value of the Diamond Before breakage = Rs. 9450

Value of the Diamond After breakage = Rs. 4242

The loss in the value of diamond after breakage = 9450 - 4242

= 5208

Answer is Rs. 5208.

Given:

first 21 odd numbers

Formula used:

Average of n odd numbers = n

Calculation:

Average of 21 odd numbers = 21

∴ Answer is 21.

Additional InformationAverage of n even numbers = n + 1

Average of n natural numbers = (n + 1)/2

Average of the squares of n natural numbers = (n + 1)(2n + 1)/6

Average of the cubes of n natural numbers = [n (n  +1)]² / 4

Given:

Vinay sells an article at a profit of 30 percent

If both the cost price and selling price are reduced by Rs. 40, then the profit becomes 40 percent

Formula used:

Selling Price = Cost Price (100 ± Profit or Loss)%

Calculation:

let Cost Price be 100x

Vinay sells an article at a profit of 30 percent,

Selling Price = 100x (100 + 30)%

= 130x

If both the cost price and selling price are reduced by Rs. 40, then the profit becomes 40 percent,

Cost Price = 100x - 40

Selling Price = 130x - 40

130x - 40 = (100x - 40 )× (100 + 40)%

130x - 40 = (100x - 40) × $\frac{140}{100}$

130x - 40 = (100x - 40) × $\frac{7}{5}$

5 ( 130x - 40 ) = 7 ( 100x - 40 )

650x - 200 = 700x - 280

50x = 80

5x = 8

x = $\frac{8}{5}$ 

Initial cost price is 100x,

= 100 × $\frac{8}{5}$

= 160

Answer is Rs. 160.

Shortcut Trick

Initial profit

⇒ 30% = 3/10

C.P : S.P = 10 : 13

Final profit

⇒ 40% = 2/5

C.P : S.P = 5 : 7

Let the common ratio be Q.

70Q - 65Q = 7 × 40 - 5 × 40

⇒ 5Q = 80

⇒ Q = 16

⇒ 10Q = 160

∴ The initial cost price is Rs. 160.

Calculation:

OPTION 1 : 

$\sqrt[3]{{216}} \times \sqrt {36}$

= 6 × 6

= 36

OPTION 2 :

$\sqrt[3]{{2744}} + \sqrt {400}$

= 14 + 20

= 34

OPTION 3 :

$\sqrt {441} , + \sqrt[3]{{2197}}$

= 21 + 13

= 34

OPTION 4 :

$\sqrt[3]{{729}} + \sqrt {625}$

= 9 + 25

= 34

OPTION 1 is the largest

$\sqrt[3]{{216}} \times \sqrt {36}$ is the answer.

Given:

The population of a town increases by 10 percent in the first year, by 12 percent in the second year and by 15 percent in third year

The present population of the town is 311696

Formula used:

Initial Population = Present Population ( 100 ± increase or decrease )

Calculation:

The population of a town increases by 10 percent in the first year, by 12 percent in the second year and by 15 percent in third year

Population three years ago (100 + increase % after 1 year)% (100 + increase % after 2 year)% (100 + increase % after 3 year)%  = Present Population

let the population three years ago be P,

P (100 + 10)% (100 + 12)% (100 + 15)% = 311696

P × $\frac{110}{100}$ × $\frac{112}{100}$ × $\frac{115}{100}$ = 311696

P = 311696 × $\frac{100}{110}$ × $\frac{100}{112}$ × $\frac{100}{115}$

P = 22 × 10000

P = 220000

Answer is 220000.

Given:

\(1728, - ,\left[ {12{\rm{ }} \times {\rm{ }}\left{ {12 \div \left( {12 \div \overline {12 \times 12} } \right)} \right}} \right]\)

Concept used:

Calculation:

\(1728, - ,\left[ {12{\rm{ }} \times {\rm{ }}\left{ {12 \div \left( {12 \div \overline {12 \times 12} } \right)} \right}} \right]\)

= \(1728, - ,\left[ {12{\rm{ }} \times {\rm{ }}\left{ {12 \div \left( {12 \div {144} } \right)} \right}} \right]\)

= \(1728, - ,\left[ {12{\rm{ }} \times {\rm{ }}\left{ {12 \div \left( {\frac{1}{12} } \right)} \right}} \right]\)

= \(1728, - ,\left[ {12{\rm{ }} \times {\rm{ }}\left{ {12 \div \left( {\frac{1}{12} } \right)} \right}} \right]\)

= 1728 - [ 12 × {144}]

= 1728 - 1728

= 0

The answer is 0.

Given:

Time = 5 years

Ratio of Principal and Simple interest = 5:4

Formula used:

Simple interest = $\frac{Principal×Rate×Time}{100}$

Calculation:

Ratio of Principal and Simple interest = 5 : 4

let principal and simple interest be 5 and 4

4 = $\frac{5×Rate×5}{100}$

Rate = 16%

Answer is 16%.

Additional InformationAmount = $\frac{Principal×Rate×Time}{100}$ + Principal

Given:

Selling Price = Rs. 675

Loss% = 25%

Formula used:

Selling Price = Cost Price (100 ± Profit or Loss)%

Calculation:

Selling Price = Cost Price (100 - Loss)%

675 = Cost Price (100 - 25)%

675 = Cost Price (75)%

Cost Price = $\frac{675×100}{75}$

= 900

Cost price of article is Rs. 900

Answer is Rs. 900.

Alternate MethodGiven:

Selling Price = Rs. 675

Loss% = 25%

Calculation:

let 100% be the Cost price,

Selling Price at 25% loss = 100% - 25%

75% = 675

1% = 9

Cost Price = 100%

= 100 × 9

= 900

Cost price of article is Rs. 900

Answer is Rs. 900.

Given:

The average of 7 consecutive even numbers is A

Average = $\frac{Total\ Sum}{Number\ Of\ Terms}$

Calculation:

let the 7 consecutive even numbers be x , x+2 , x+4 , x+6 , x+8 , x+10 , x +12

Average of the 7 consecutive even numbers is A,

A = $\frac{ x + x+2 + x+4 + x+6 + x+8 + x+10 + x +12}{7}$

= $\frac{7x+42}{7}$

A = x + 6

x = A - 6

If next 9 even numbers are also included,

let the 16 consecutive even numbers be x , x+2 , x+4 , x+6 , x+8 , x+10 , x +12, x+14 , x+16 , x+18 , x+20 , x+22 , x+24 , x+26 , x+28 , x+30

Average of the 16 consecutive even numbers is ,

= $\frac{ x + x+2 + x+4 + x+6 + x+8 + x+10 + x +12 + x+14 + x+16 + x+18 + x+20 + x+22 +x+24 + x+26 + x+28 + x+30}{16}$

= $\frac{16x+240}{16}$

= x + 15

= A - 6 + 15 (x = A - 6)

= A + 9

Answer is A + 9.

Given:

R saves 30 percent of his monthly salary

Formula used:

Income = Expenditure + Savings

Calculation:

let 100% be the salary,

R saves 30 percent of his monthly salary

Savings = 30%

Expenditure = Income - Savings 

= 100% - 30%

= 70%

Ratio of R's Monthly Salary, Expenditure and Savings = 100% : 70% : 30%

= 10 : 7 : 3

Ratio of Monthly Salary and Expenditure after increase in expenditure = 10 : 7 × (100 + 15)% 

= 10 : 7 × $\frac{115}{100}$

= 10 : 7 × $\frac{23}{20}$

= 200 : 161

Savings = 200 - 161

= 39

Ratio of R's Monthly Salary, Expenditure and Savings after increase in expenditure = 200 : 161 : 39

let 200x and 39x be income and savings,

he saves only Rs. 3900

39x = 3900

x = 100

Monthly Income of R,

200x = 200 × 100

= 20000

Yearly income of R,

= 20000 × 12

= 240000

Yearly Salary of R is Rs. 240000

Answer is Rs. 240000.

Given:

x, y, z and w are in the ratio of 1 : 2 : 3 : 4 respectively

Sum of these numbers is 40

Calculation:

Let x, y, z and w be a , 2a, 3a, 4a respectively

a + 2a + 3a + 4a = 40

10a = 40

a = 4

Sum of x and w,

= a + 4a 

= 5a

= 5 × 4

= 20

Answer is 20.

Given:

$\frac{{11, \times ,11, \times ,11, - ,3, \times ,9, - ,3, \times ,33, \times ,14,}}{{2, \times ,2, \times ,2, \times 2, \times 2, \times ,2}}$

Concept used:

BODMAS consists of the first letter of the operations involved in a mathematical equation.

B- Bracket (), [], {}

O- Order, Square root, exponents, and powers

D- Division, ÷ /

M- Multiplication × *

A – Addition +

S – Subtraction –

Calculation:

= $\frac{{11, \times ,11, \times ,11, - ,3, \times ,9, - ,3, \times ,33, \times ,14,}}{{2, \times ,2, \times ,2, \times 2, \times 2, \times ,2}}$

= $\frac{{1331 - ,27 - ,99, \times ,14,}}{{2, \times ,2, \times ,2, \times 2, \times 2, \times ,2}}$

= $\frac{{1331 - ,27 - ,1386,}}{{64}}$

= $\frac{{1331 - ,1413,}}{{64}}$

= $\frac{{-82}}{{64}}$

= $\frac{{-41}}{{32}}$

Answer is $\frac{{-41}}{{32}}$ .

Given:

largest number which when divides 98, 190, 282 and 466 leaves same remainder in each case

Formula used:

Dividend = Quotient × Divisor + Remainder 

Calculation:

Approach the Problem from options,

The Largest number in the option is 184,

but 94 cannot be divided by 184 

So, 184 cannot be the answer

The Second largest number in options is 92,

If 98 is divided by 92,

98 = 92 × 1 + 6 ( Remainder )

If 190 is divided by 92,

190 = 92 × 2 + 6 ( Remainder )

If 282 is divided by 92,

282 = 92 × 3 + 6 ( Remainder )

If 466 is divided by 92,

466 = 92 × 5 + 6 ( Remainder )

Remainder in each case is same,

Hence 92 is that largest number which when divides 98, 190, 282 and 466 leaves 6 as a remainder in each case

Answer is 92.

Given:

Cost price of an article is Rs. 4500

Formula used:

Selling Price = Cost Price (100 ± Profit or Loss)%

Calculation:

Selling Price at 25% loss = 4500 ( 100 - 25 )%

= 4500 × 75%

= 4500 × $\frac{75}{100}$

= 45 × 75

= 3375

Selling Price at 25% loss is Rs. 3375

Answer is Rs. 3375.

Alternate Method

Given:

Cost price of an article is Rs. 4500

Calculation:

let Cost price be 100%

Selling Price at 25% loss = 75%

100% = 4500

1% = 45

75% = 75 × 45 

= 3375

Selling Price at 25% loss is Rs. 3375

Answer is Rs. 3375.

Given:

0.9276 + 0.264 + 0.024 + 0.0524 + 0.2845 + 0.29

Calculation:

Convert the decimals into fractions,

= $\frac{9276}{10000}$ + $\frac{264}{1000}$ + $\frac{24}{1000}$ + $\frac{524}{10000}$ + $\frac{2845}{10000}$ + $\frac{29}{100}$

= $\frac{9276+2640+240+524+2845+2900}{10000}$

= 18425/10000

= 1.8425

Answer is 1.8425.