DSSSB Junior Steno Previous Paper (Held On : 23 April 2021 Shift 2) (Previous Year Paper)

Given:

TASTE = 30

LAME = 20

To get the code for the word which is a number, the number of letters in the word is multiplied by its successor.

(Number of letters in the word) × (Number of letters in the word + 1) = Code

The number of letters in 'TASTE' is 5, thus the code is:

5 × (5 + 1) = 5 × 6 = 30

The number of letters in LAME is 4, thus

4 × (4 + 1) = 4 × 5 = 20

Similarly, the code for the word FIGURE is:

6 × (6 + 1) = 6 × 7 = 42

Hence, the code for the word FIGURE is "42".

According to the question:

The word 'smart is used in the first sentence and it is the only word that is not encircled by any shape and accordingly, there is only one code that is not encircled by any shape i.e. 'co'.

Hence, 'co' is the code for the word 'smart'.

Yarn made from fabric. Yarn is a long continuous length of fabric. Similarly, Latex is made up of rubber.

Hence, "Rubber : Latex" is similar to "Fabric : Yarn".

The given series: 3K12, 5O20, 7S28, _______, 11A44

The pattern followed here is:

The number of each term keeps increasing by 2 with respect to the first number of the previous term.

The second letter of each term is followed by its fourth successor as per the English alphabetical series.

The third number of each term keeps increasing by 8 with respect to the third number of the precious term.

Hence, the missing term is "9W36".

The given relations are of the form:

First number @ Second number = Third number

The pattern followed here is:

(First number - Second number) × 2 = Third number

For example, in 29 @ 12,

(29 - 12) × 2 = 17 × 2

⇒ 34

In 57 @ 38 = 38

(57 - 38) × 2 = 19 × 2

= 38

In 45 @ 29 = 32

(45 - 29) × 2 = 16 × 2

= 32

Similarly,

In 67 @ 49,

(67 - 49) × 2 = 18 × 2

⇒ 36

Hence, "36" is the result of '67 @ 49'.

The logic follows here is:

To form a logical order, we need to arrange the animals in increasing order of their size.

Animals/insects in increasing order of their size are:

2. Ant
3. Lizard
4. Cat
5. Fox
6. Elephant

Hence, the most logical order is "2, 3, 5, 4, 1".

The last possible Venn Diagram for the given data:

Conclusions:

I. Some watermelon are figs → True (As some dates are figs and all dates are watermelon, implies, some watermelon are figs.)

II. No figs are watermelon → False (As Some dates are figs and all dates are watermelon, implies, some watermelon are figs.)

Hence, "only conclusion I follows".

Additional Point

When all the statements are Positive type (Some or All), the "Negative type" of conclusion will not Valid.

Negative Type of conclusion = No and Some not.

The given inequality: 2x - 8 > 4y - 2

On separating the variables from the constants, we get:

2x - 4y > - 2 + 8

⇒ 2x - 4y > 6

On dividing both sides by 2, we get:

⇒ (2x - 4y)/2 > 6/2

⇒ x - 2y > 3

Hence, "x - 2y > 3" is the simplified form of the given inequality.

To form the code of a word, the first letter of the word is replaced with its third predecessor, the second letter is replaced with the third successor, the third letter with the third predecessor, and so on as shown below:

 

Hence, "QRTHO" is the code for the word TOWER

The given letter series: GI, LN, QS, VX, _______.

The pattern followed here is:

The first letter of each term is the fifth successor of the first letter of the previous term. Similarly, The second letter of each term is the fifth successor of the second letter of the previous term.

Hence, the next term in the series would be "AC".

The given

Statement:

A large number of people in area A of the city are diagnosed with COVID-19.

As a large number of people in area A of the city are diagnosed with COVID-19, means the chance of the spread of the disease is higher. Thus, the city municipal authority should take immediate steps to carry out extensive testing of people in area A to find out the infected people and isolate them as soon as possible in order to prevent the mass infection. Hence, the first course of action follows.

Also, the people in the area should take all the necessary precautions themselves too so that the COVID-19 virus does not spread in the city. It would make things easier for the authorities to control, the spread of the virus if people cooperate with them by taking all the precautions. Hence, the second course of action follows.

Hence, "both courses of action follow".

The given

Statement:

The average income of Leena, Meena and Kishore is Rs 45,000.

Total income of Leena, Meena and Kishore = 45000 × 3 = Rs. 1,35,000

Let the incomes of Leena be L, Meena be M, and Kishore be K.

Then according to statement 1,

L = 2M     (i)

According to statement 2,

M = K       (ii)

If we combine both the statements, we get:

L = 2M and L = 2K

⇒ M = L/2

⇒ K = L/2

According to the data given in the statement, we get:

L + L/2 + L/2 = Rs. 1,35,000

2L = Rs.1,35,000

L = Rs. 67,500

Thus, Leena earns Rs. 67500. Hence, "both statements are needed to get the answer".

1) Fatima is to the right of Daksh.

As it is a circular arrangement, we can randomly place Daksh on any seat, and then we can place Fatima accordingly.

2) Binita is between Daksh & Chandan.

Implies, Binita is sitting next to Daksh. As Fatima is sitting to the right of Daksh, implies, Binita is sitting to the left of Daksh, and Chandan is sitting second to the left of Daksh.

3) Akash is between Ekta & Chandan.

At this point, there is clear that Akash would be sitting to the immediate left of Chandan and Ekta would be second to the left of Chandan.

Hence, "Ekta" is between Akash and Fatima.

The pattern followed here is:

Similarly, in 'LT : OQ' we get:

Hence, the correct answer is OQ.

In all the given words, the first two letters are the same i.e. P and A. Thus, we will only start comparing from the third letter in each word.

The order in which the words would appear in the dictionary:

3. PACIFIC
4. PACKAGE 5. PACKETS
5. PACKING
6. PADDLER

Hence, the order in which the word would appear in the dictionary is "3, 4, 5, 2, 1".

To pattern followed here to form the code of a word is:

Code = (number of letters in the word)² × 2

there are 3 letters in BUN,

BUN = (3)² × 2

= 9 × 2 = 18

4 letter in MICE

MICE = (4)² × 2

= 16 × 2 = 32

Similarly, there are 5 letters in DEMON,

DEMON = (5)² × 2

DEMON = 25 × 2

DEMON = 50

Hence, "50" is the code for DEMON.

The pattern followed here is:

Let N be a number to the left of the colon, then:

N : (N)² + 2N      

For example, in '16 : 288',

16 : (16)² + 2 × 16

⇒ 16 :  256 + 32

⇒ 16 : 288

Similarly, we will replace N with 23,

23 : (23)² + 2 × 23

⇒ 23 : 529 + 46

⇒ 23 : 575

Hence, "575" will replace the question mark.

We will deduce the relation in steps:

1. My mother's brother's mother is my maternal grandmother.

2. My maternal grandmother's only son-in-law would be my father.

3. My father's father's wife would be my paternal grandmother.

4. My paternal grandmother's daughter would be my paternal aunt.

5. My paternal aunt's only brother would be my father.

Hence, my mother's brother's mother's only son-in-law's father's wife's daughter's only brother is my "father".

Given :- z z _z y _ _ z z z _ z

By checking options and substituting accordingly.

1) zzzy → z z z z y z - z z z z y z

2. zyyy → z z z z y y - y z z z y z

3) zzyy → z z z z y z - y z z z y z

4) yyyz → z z y z y y - y z z z z z

• Option (1) gives a pattern of "zzzz/yz/zzzz/yz" or "zzz/zyz/zzz/zyz".

Hence, ‘zzzy’ is the correct answer.

The pattern followed here is:

Each letter to the right of the colon is the sixth predecessor (as per the English alphabetical series) of the respective letter which is to the left of the colon as shown below:

Similarly, for HNU we get:

Hence, the correct answer is BHO.

The correct mirror image of the above given figure would be:

Hence, "option figure (4)" is the correct answer.

The students who have passed in only one subject is shaded in the diagram shown below:

So, total number of students who have passed in only one subject = 10 + 20 + 15 = 45

Hence, "45" is the correct answer.

The pattern followed here is: The arrows are placed as, In the first circle there is arrow pointing upwards, then In the 2^nd circle a new arrow comes which points downwards. In the 3^rd circle there are 3 arrows in the order 1^st upward, 2^nd downward then 3^rd upward, so, in the 4^th circle there will be 4 arrows 1^st pointing upwards, 2^nd downwards, 3^rd upwards and 4^th downwards. So, figure D doesn't follow the pattern here.

Hence, "option figure 4" doesn't follow the pattern here in the series.

The pattern followed here is: There are 2 shapes present inside the square box and these two shapes contain 4 lines and in each subsequent figure the line increases by 1 and both the shapes rotate 90º in the clockwise direction. So, the figure that will come next in the series will be Option figure (4) with 7 lines.

Hence, option4 is the correct answer.

The diagram shown below shows the path followed by Ashish:

So, he is facing 'North' direction after reaching his last positon.

Hence, "North" is the correct answer.

In order to find out the number which will be at the face opposite to the face having the number, we will use following positions of dice:

Using 

The opposite faces are as follows:

As 2 common in both the cubes, we use standard pattern to find opposite face.

7 → 9

5 → 8

2 → 6 (When consider all given cube)

Hence, "8" is the correct answer.

The area which shows uneducated employed who are not male is shaded in the diagram below:

So, 'G' represents uneducated employed who are not male.

Hence, "G" is the correct answer.

The number of friends who got rose is shaded in the diagram below:

So, total number of friends who got rose = 35 + 9 + 6 + 12 = 62

Hence, "62" is the correct answer.

The pattern followed here is shown below:

Here, the difference between two numbers is doubled and added in each subsequent step.

Hence, "156" is the wrong term in the series.

Given:  a number which was supposed to be divided by 3/5 was multiplied by 3/5 instead

Concept Used:

Percentage error = [{(Actual value - Wrong value)/(Actual value)} × 100]

Calculation:

Let the number be x

As, It was supposed to be divided by \( {\ {3} \over5}\)

So, x ÷ \( {\ {3} \over5}\) = x × \( {\ {5} \over3}\)= \({ \frac { \textbf {5x}}{ \textbf {3}}}\)= correct figure

But, it was multiplied by \( {\ {3} \over5}\)

So, x × \( {\ {3} \over5}\) = \({ \frac { \textbf {3x}}{ \textbf {5}}}\) = incorrect figure

Difference = \( {\ {5x} \over3}\) - \( {\ {3x } \over5}\) = \( {\ {25x - 9x} \over15}\) = \({ \frac { \textbf {16x}}{ \textbf {15}}}\)

% Error = \( {\ {16x} \over15}\) ÷ \( {\ {5x} \over3}\) × 100 = 64 %

Hence, "64 percent" is the correct answer.

The diagram below shows the path followed by Paras and Shyam:

Here, 'O' is the starting point from where both Paras and Shyam have started walking and Paras reached at point 'M' and shyam reached at point 'K'.

So, distance between Paras and Shyam = (90 + 20) = 110 m and Point 'K' is in East direction of point 'M'.

Hence, "110m East" is the correct answer.

The diagram below shows the path followed by krish:

So, Krish is at point 'E' which is in East direction from his starting point i.e. 'K' and he is standing at a distance of (200m + 150m = 350m).

Hence, "350m East" is the correct answer.

The pattern followed here is shown below:

Hence, "263" is the correct answer.

The diagram below shows the path followed by Nitin:

So, Nitin is standing at point 'P' which is in East direction with respect to his initial point 'O' and distance of his initial position to his final position = (OK + KP)

= (0.3 + 0.15) = 0.45 km

Hence, "0.45 km east" is the correct answer.

The above given figure can be marked in the following way in order to count the number of triangles:

The triangles are ABC, AEF, CEF, AFC, FBC, FBD, FCD, AFB, ACD, ABD, AEB, CEB.

So, there are 12 triangles in the figure.

Hence, "12" is the correct answer.

On combining the following figures we get,

+ 

 → 

Hence, "option figure (4)" is the correct answer.

The pattern followed here is shown: There is no fixed pattern used here, only on the basis of placement of positions the characters are placed so based on the placement of shapes from figure 1 to figure 2 , the same placement will be used in placing the alphabets present in figure 3 in order to get figure 4. So, the figure that will be related to figure 3 will be 'option figure (3)'.

Hence, "option figure (3)" is the correct answer.

The pattern followed here is shown below:

From row 1:

(63, 49, ?) → 7 × 9 = 63, 7 × 7 = 49, 7 × 11 = 77

From row 2:

(99, 77, 121) → 11 × 9 = 99, 11 × 7 = 77, 11 × 11 = 121

From row 3:

(135, 105, 165) → 15 × 9 = 135, 15 × 7 = 105, 15 × 11 = 165

Hence, "77" is the correct answer.

Given equation:

672 ÷ 7 × 8 + 38 – 29 = 597

On interchanging each options one by one,

1. 38, 29

672 ÷ 7 × 8 + 29 – 38 = 597

L.H.S = 672 ÷ 7 × 8 + 29 – 38

= 96 × 8 + 29 - 38

= 768 + 29 - 38

= 797 - 38

= 759 ≠ 597 (R.H.S)

2) 7, 8

672 ÷ 8 × 7 + 38 – 29 = 597

L.H.S = 672 ÷ 8 × 7 + 38 – 29

= 84 × 7 + 38 – 29 

= 588 + 38 - 29

= 626 - 29 

= 597 = 597 (R.H.S)

3. 8, 38

672 ÷ 7 × 38 + 8 – 29 = 597

L.H.S = 672 ÷ 7 × 38 + 8 – 29

= 96 × 38 + 8 – 29

= 3648 + 8 - 29

= 3656 - 29

= 3627 ≠  597 (R.H.S)

4. 7, 38

672 ÷ 38 × 8 + 29 – 7 = 597

L.H.S = 672 ÷ 38 × 8 + 29 – 7

= 17.68 × 8 + 29 – 7

= 141.44 + 29 - 7

= 170.44 - 7

= 163.44 ≠  597 (R.H.S)

Hence, (7, 8) is the correct answer.

As, We know both Car and Ship are modes of transportation. So, both car and ship will come inside transport.

Hence, option figure (1) is the correct answer.

The correct answer is Green.

Key Points

• The members of Chlorophyceae are commonly called Green algae.
• The Food is stored in pyrenoids storage bodies located in the chloroplasts, which contain starch.
• Example: Chlamydomonas, Volvox, Ulothrix, Spirogyra.

Additional Information

• About Algae:
• Algae are a chlorophyll-bearing organism, which has a simple thalloid-like structure and, autotrophic in the mode of nutrition.
• Algae are primarily aquatic organisms that may live in both freshwater and marine water.
• The algae are divided into three main classes which are Chlorophyceae, Phaeophyceae, and Rhodophyceae.
• About Phaeophyceae:
• The members of Phaeophyceae are commonly called brown algae.
• They are found primarily in marine habitats.
• The Food is stored as complex carbohydrates, which may be in the form of laminarin or mannitol.
• Example: Ectocarpus, Dictyota, Laminaria, Sargassum, and Fucus.
• About Rhodophyceae:
• The members of Rhodophyceae are commonly called red algae.
• The food is stored as Floridian starch which is very similar to amylopectin and glycogen in structure.
• Example: Polysiphonia, Porphyra, Gracilaria, and Gelidium.

The correct answer is ​Kanha National Park.

Key Points

• Kanha National Park is not located in West Bengal.
• Kanha National Park is located in Madhya Pradesh.
• It was declared as reserve forest in 1879 and revalued as a wildlife sanctuary in 1933 and further upgraded to a national park in 1955.
• The jungle is best known for Barasingha, the swamp deer, and is famously called ‘the jewel of Kanha’.
• The Kanha National Park was originally a part of the Gondwana or the “land of the Gonds”.
• The forest of the Kanha Tiger Reserve was inhibited by two indigenous tribes of Central India, the Gonds, and the Baigas.
• The Kanha Tiger Reserve is being occupied by two major sanctuaries, the Hallon and the Banjar Sanctuaries.

Additional Information

• About Jaldapara National Park:
• Jaldapara National Park is situated in Ali Purduar of West Bengal, India, nearby the Indo-Bhutan International Border.
• It belongs to the heavy rainfall zone, so the forest is mainly Savannah covered with tall elephant Grasses.
• River Torsha runs through the national park.
• About Gurumara National Park:
• Gurumara national park is situated in Jalpaiguri.
• It is primarily known for its population of Indian Rhinoceros.
• It was declared as a Wildlife sanctuary in 1949.
• About Buxa Tiger Reserve:
• Buxa Tiger Reserve set up at the north-eastern corner of West Bengal bordering Bhutan and Assam in the Alipurdur district.
• Buxa Tiger Reserve was created in 1983 as the 15^th tiger reserve in India.
• Buxa derived its name from the famous Buxa Fort.
• The diversity of mammals in the Buxa Tiger Reserve ranks second highest among all the tiger reserves of India.

The correct answer is Maharashtra.

Key Points

• Kalsubai is the highest peak of Maharashtra’s Ahmednagar district in Akola taluka.
• The summit height of the Sahyadri mountain ranges in the north is 1646 meters (or 5400 feet).
• It is known as the Everest of Maharashtra.
• There is a small temple of Goddess Kisubai on the summit.

Additional Information

• Doddabetta peak is the highest peak in Tamilnadu.
• It is a part of Nilgiri Hills.
• It is located at the junction of the Western Ghats as well as the Eastern Ghats.
• Deomali Peak is the highest mountain peak in Odisha.
• Sandakphu or Sandakpur is a mountain peak in the Singalila Ridge on the border between India and Nepal**.**
• It is the highest point in the state of West Bengal.

The correct answer is Jawara.

Key Points

• Jawara dance of Madhya Pradesh is also known as Harvest festival.
• **Jawara dance is a **folk dance of Madhya Pradesh.
• It is mainly celebrated in the Bundelkhand region.
• Both males and females participate in the Jawara dance.

Additional Information

• Bhagoria:
• It is a festival of Madhya Pradesh.
• It is celebrated by the Bhils and Bhilalas tribes.
• It is celebrated before Holi in the month of March.
• It is also known as the Bhagoria Haat festival.
• Tertali:
• It is a folk dance of Madhya Pradesh.
• It is performed by the Kamar tribes.
• The dance is performed by women.
• Matki:
• It is a folk dance of Madhya Pradesh.
• It is most famous in the Malwa region.
• It is performed on the occasions like weddings and birthdays.
• It is performed by women.

The correct answer is Mando.

Key Points

• Mando is a musical form that evolved during the 19^th and 20^th centuries among Goan Catholics of Goa, India.
• The music has the essence of both Indian and western culture.
• The theme of Mando is love.

Additional Information

The correct answer is 1917.

Key Points

• In 1917, at the Calcutta session, Annie Basant was the first lady president of the Indian National Congress.
• In 1925, at the Kanpur session, Sarojini Naidu was the first Indian lady president of the Indian National Congress.

Important Points

• Indian National Congress(INC):
• Indian National Congress was founded on 28 December 1885.
• Father of INC: Allan Octavian Hume
• List of Important Indian National Congress sessions:

The correct answer is 2017.

Key Points

• Goods and Services Tax:​
• The Goods and Services Tax (GST) was introduced in India on 1^st July 2017.
• The Government of India introduced a Goods and Services Tax (GST) to promote India's economic growth and Goods and Services Tax(GST)  is considered the largest tax reform in the economic history of India.
• Goods and Services Tax (GST) is a type of indirect tax that was enacted in the constitution by the 101^st constitution amendment act, 2016.
• It was introduced to save time, costs, and energy. The Law on Goods and Services Tax (GST) came into force on 1 July 2017.
• GST was applied to four types of tax slabs 5%, 18%, 40%. The schedule or list of these commodities will be established by the Goods and Services Tax Commission.
• It subsumed Central Sales Tax, Service Tax, Excise duty of union and VAT, Luxury Tax, Entertainment Tax of states.

The correct answer is Purchase of shares and bonds.

Key Points

• Purchase of shares and bonds:
• ​Both stocks and bonds are types of investment securities,
• Share is a type of security sometimes called equity. When a company issues shares, it is selling a certain amount of company property.
• A bond is a loan agreement signed between a company and an investor.
• Investing in bonds is generally less risky than investing in stocks because bonds rank higher in the capital system. This means that if the company defaults, bond investors will get refunds earlier than stock investors.

Additional Information

• Household consumption:
• ​Household consumption includes all purchases made by households (domestic or foreign) to meet their daily needs food, clothing, housing services (rental), energy, transportation, durable goods (especially cars), health care, leisure, and other Expenditures in respect of various services.
• **Investment expenditure:**​
• ​Investments expenditure refers to the expenses incurred by firms or individuals to create a new capital asset that may include building, machinery, etc**.**
• Government expenditure:
• ​Government expenditure refers to funds used by the public sector to purchase goods and provide services (such as education, health care, social protection, and national defense)

The correct answer is Saline. 

Key Points

• Saline Soils:
• ​These soils have developed in areas with dry climatic conditions (in areas having a little more rainfall than the areas of desert soils) accompanied by a lack of proper drainage.
• Saline soils contain large amounts of water-soluble salts that inhibit seed germination and plant growth. The salts are white, chemically neutral, and include chlorides, sulfates, carbonates, and sometimes nitrates of calcium, magnesium, sodium, and potassium.
• They lack nitrogen and calcium and have low water-carrying capacity.
• Saline soil contains excess soluble neutral chloride and sulfate.

Additional Information

• Alluvial Soils:
• ​The formation of alluvial soil is mainly caused by silt deposited by the India-Ganges-Brahmaputra river.
• They are best suited for irrigation and respond well to irrigation of canals and wells / tubular wells.
• They produce excellent crops of rice, wheat, sugar cane, tobacco, cotton, jute, corn, oilseeds, vegetables, and fruits.
• Arid Soils:
• ​The soil is a red and brown sandy texture.
• It is salty in nature and lacks humus and moisture. Dry soil contains a lot of soluble salt.
• It is alkaline in nature because there is no rain to wash off the soluble salt.
• These soils are very sterile in nature.
• It contains a high content of gypsum, calcium, and sodium carbonate.
• ​Laterite Soils:
• ​It is suitable for growing crops, such as coffee, tea, rubber, coconut, cinchona, etc.
• Laterite soils are rich in oxides of iron and aluminum but deficient in nitrogen and potash.
• It is poor in nitrogen, it is not fertile, and poor for agriculture.
• It is majorly found in higher areas of the Peninsular Plateau.

The correct answer is Indus.

• Indus river is also known as the Puranic river.
• Indus river:
• Indus river originates from Mansarovar Lake in Tibet. It is 2880 kilometer long river.
• In India, it flows between Zaskar and Ladakh ranges. Indus is also one of the largest rivers in the world.
• Its tributaries in Jammu & Kashmir are Zaskar, Astor, Shyok, Kurram, Gilgit, etc. The left bank tributaries are Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi, Beas, and Sutlej.
• It is called Sengge Khabab in Tibet.

 

• Ganga river:
• Ganga is the longest river in India (2510 km). It originates as Bhagirathi from the Gangotri glacier in the Uttarkashi district of Uttarakhand.
• Bhagirathi is joined by Alaknanda at Devprayag. Alaknanda and Bhagirathi flow in the name of Ganga below Devprayag.
• Famous Tehri Dam (Uttarakhand) is located on the river Bhagirathi and it is considered India's highest dam (265 meters).
• A major part of Ganga lies in the Uttar Pradesh region.
• Yamuna river:
• It originated from the Yamunotri glacier (Uttarakhand) and joins Ganga at Allahabad.
• Important tributaries of Yamuna are Chambal, Ken, Betwa, etc.
• Brahmaputra river:
• It originates from the Tumcho Khambhat glacier in Mansarovar Lake of Tibet.
• It is known as Tsangpo in Tibet, Dihang or Siang in Arunachal Pradesh, the Brahmaputra in Assam, and Jamuna in Bangladesh.
• The Brahmaputra forms the largest number of freshwater riverine islands in the world and among this Majuli is the largest water riverine island in the world.
• Important tributaries of the Brahmaputra are Subhansiri, Lohit, Tista, Pagladia, Puthumari, Dibang, Torsa, etc.

The correct answer is Joule.

• The ability to work in an object is called the energy of that object.
• Energy is a scalar quantity.
• Its SI unit is the Joule.

Key Points

Important Points

The correct answer is Ctenophora.

• Ctenophora phyla are also known as sea walnuts.

Key Points

• Phylum Ctenophora:
• Ctenophora are marine animals with transparent and flat or oval body shapes. Polyphase is absent in their life cycle.
• These are bilaterally symmetrical and devoid of cnidoblast cells.
• The presence of a special sense organ at the opposite end of the mouth is the characteristic of the members of this phylum.

Important Points

• Phylum Platyhelminthes:
• These are dorsoventrally flattened and, hence, commonly known as flatworms. These are mostly parasites.
• These are triploblastic and unsegmented animals exhibiting bilateral symmetry.
• They are hermaphrodites i.e., both male and female sex cells are produced by the same individual.
• Examples: Tapeworm, Fasciola, Schistosoma, etc.
• Phylum Porifera:
• These are commonly known as sponges.
• They are the most primitive group of multicellular animals.
• About 5000 species of sponges are known. Most of them are marine and remain attached to rocks. A few live in freshwater.
• Sponges are diploblastic.
• Sponges reproduce asexually by fragmentation.

The correct answer is negative.

• Complementary goods have a negative cross-price elasticity.

Key Points

• Complementary goods are those goods that are used together to meet a particular need. For example, cars and petrol, tea and sugar.
• Complementary goods are those which are useless in the absence of other goods and which are demanded jointly.
• There would always be an inverse relationship between the price of complementary goods and demand for a given commodity.
• In the case of complementary goods, if there is an increase in the price of a commodity, the consumer also reduces his demand for the complementary goods.

Additional Information

• Substitute Goods:
• Substitute goods can be used in place of other goods and give the same satisfaction to a consumer.
• There would always exist a direct relationship between the price of substitute goods and demand for a given commodity.
• It means with an increase in the price of substitute goods, the demand for a given commodity also rises and vice-versa.
• For example, Pepsi and Coke, tea and coffee are substitutes for each other.

The correct answer is Dhanurveda.

Key Points

• Dhanurveda is a Upaveda of Yajurveda.
• It is the “science of warfare” and contains the knowledge of the bow, of archery, the title of sacred work.
• The Dhanur-Veda is the Vedic Art of War.
• The original book of the Dhanur-Veda is a samhita, one of the corollary texts in support of the original Vedas.
• Dhanur-Veda is a supplement to the Yajur-Veda, one of the oldest written books in the Sanskrit language, and describes the code of war for kshatriyas or the warrior class.
• The word "dhanur" is derived from the word for bow, dhanisha, and means "martial arts" or the warrior's code where the word "Veda" means knowledge.

Additional Information

• Ayurveda is the upaveda of Rigveda.
• Gandharvaveda is the upaveda of Samaveda.
• Shilpveda/Arthaved is the upaveda of Atharvaveda.

The correct answer is Arunachal Pradesh.

• Arunachal Pradesh means ‘Land of the dawn-lit mountains’ – in reference to its position as the easternmost state of India.
• It is located on the northeastern tip of India with its borders touching China, Bhutan and Myanmar.
• It is also known as the “Orchid State of India” and the “Paradise of the Botanists”.
• This state has the largest number of regional languages among Indian states.

Key Points

Additional Information

• Arunachal Pradesh
• Governor - B. D. Mishra
• Chief Minister - Pema Khandu
• Legislature - Unicameral (60 seats)
• Parliamentary constituency
• Rajya Sabha - 1
• Lok Sabha - 2

The correct answer is 7.7 percent.

Key Points

• As per the Economic Survey, India’s GDP is estimated to contract by 7.7 percent in FY 2020-21.
• The Economic Survey 2020-21 said the agriculture sector is the only silver lining while services, manufacturing, and construction were most hit by the lockdown that was imposed to curb the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic.
• After an estimated 7.7 percent pandemic-driven contraction in 2020-21, India's real GDP is projected to record a growth of 11.0 percent in 2021-22 and nominal GDP by 15.4 percent.
• The growth will further be supported by the supply-side push from reforms and easing of regulations, push for infrastructural investments, boost to manufacturing sector through the Productivity Linked Incentive Schemes, recovery of pent-up demand for the services sector, increase in discretionary consumption subsequent to the roll-out of the vaccine and pick up in credit given adequate liquidity and low-interest rates.

Additional Information

• Chief Economic Adviser Krishnamurthy Subramanian launched the Economic Survey 2021, which was also tabled in the Parliament by the Finance Minister on 29 January 2021.
• Economic Survey 2020-21 has been conducted in the background of the COVID-19 pandemic and economic impact of the COVID-19 in India.
• Therefore, the Economic Survey 2020-21 has been dedicated to all the COVID-19 warriors who have really helped in upholding India.
• The fundamental theme of the Economic Survey 2020-21 is Saving Lives and Livelihoods and V-Shaped Recovery.

The answer is the Union Bank of India.

Key Points

• Union Bank of India was originally incorporated on November 11 1919 in Mumbai with the name of The Union Bank of India Ltd.
• In the year 1921, the Bank shifted its registered office to Mumbai Samachar marg Fort Mumbai which was inaugurated by Mahatma Gandhi.
• Nationalized in 1969 and become a PSU BANK.​

Additional Information

The correct answer is Maharashtra.

Key Points

• Kanheri Caves:
• The Kanheri Caves are a group of caves and rock-cut monuments.
• They contain Buddhist sculptures and relief carvings, paintings, and inscriptions, dating from the 1^st century CE to the 10^th century CE.
• Location: Sanjay Gandhi National Park, Mumbai, Maharashtra

Additional Information

• Important caves:

The answer is Maharana Kumbha.

Key Points

• Vijaya Stambha:
• The Vijaya Stambha is a victory monument built in Chittorgarh, Rajasthan.
• The tower was constructed by the Mewar king, Rana Kumbha, in 1448 to commemorate his victory over the combined armies of Malwa and Gujarat led by Mahmud Khilji.
• The tower was dedicated to Lord Vishnu.

Additional Information

• Pratap Singh:
• Maharana Pratap was the ruler of Mewar, which is located in northwestern India.
• He was known for his role in the Battles of Haldighati and Dewar.
• Known as the "Mewari Rana" for his military resistance to the Mughal Empire's expansionism.
• Sawai Jai Singh:
• Jai Singh II, the ruler of the Kingdom of Amber, established and made Jaipur his capital.
• He was the 29^th Kachhwaha ruler.
• Surajmal Singh:
• Maharaja Suraj Mal was the Hindu Jat ruler of Rajasthan's Bharatpur.

The correct answer is Maize.

Key Points

Additional Information 

The correct answer is Bankim Chandra Chatterjee.

Key Points

• Bankim Chandra Chatterjee wrote the Bengali song "Vande Mataram".
• The title "Vande Mataram" means "I praise thee, Mother".
• It was taken from Anand Math published in 1882.
• Vande Mataram was first sung by Rabindranath Tagore in 1896.
• It was adopted by the constituent assembly on 24^th January 1950.
• Jadhunath Bhattacharya composed the music of Vande Mataram.
• 'Vande Mataram' was sung in the 1896 session of the Indian National Congress.
• The Calcutta session of the INC in 1896 was presided by M. Rahmathulla Sayani**.**

Additional Information

• Rabindranath Tagore wrote the national anthem of India.
• The national anthem was sung in the 1911 session of the Indian National Congress.
• Bishan Narayan Dar presided over the INC session, 1911 in Calcutta.
• All India Forward Bloc was founded by Subhas Chandra Bose.
• He was elected President of the Haripura Congress Session in 1938.
• Kesari and Maratha newspapers were released by Bal Gangadhar Tilak.

The correct answer is B. R . Ambedkar.

Key Points

• B. R . Ambedkar is recognized as the "Father of the Constitution of India".
• He was the chief architect of the Indian constitution.
• In 1947, Dr. Ambedkar was appointed as the chairman of the constitution drafting committee.
• Dr. Ambedkar was a wise constitutional expert.
• Dr. Ambedkar participated in all three round table conferences in London.
• He was the first law and justice minister of independent India.
• Chaitya Bhoomi is a commemorative place of Dr. B R Ambedkar.

Additional Information

• Sachchidananda Sinha was the first temporary chairman of the Constitutional Assembly.
• Rajendra Prasad was the permanent chairman of the Constitutional Assembly.
• Jawaharlal Nehru was appointed as the chairman of the Union Power committee.

The correct answer is ​Laura Dern.

Key Points

• ​Laura Dern won the Oscars 2020 for "Actress in a Supporting Role".
• The world's most prestigious film award known as Oscar Awards has been announced for the year 2020.
• The award function was held at the Dolby Theater in the city of Los Angeles, USA.
• Brad Pitt won Oscar's award for Best Supporting Actor for the film 'Once Upon a Time in Hollywood'.

Additional Information

• The Academy Award for Best Picture is one of the Academy Awards.
• It is presented annually by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS) since the awards debuted in 1929.
• It is considered the world’s prestigious annual award for the best directors, actors, writers, and technicians in the film business.
• The first time the Oscar award was held on May 14, 1929.
• The first Best Actor award was given to Emil Jannings for his performances in The Last Command and The Way of All Flesh.

The correct answer is 1192.

Key Points

• The second battle of Tarain was fought between Muhammad Ghori and Prithvi Raj Chauhan in 1192.
• In this battle, Prithvi Raj Chauhan was defeated by Muhammad Ghori.
• After the battle, a non-Hindu power was ruling the state of India for the first time.
• The Turkish rule was the beginning of the Muslim rule in India which continued for more than 700 years.
• The reason behind the victory of Muhammad Ghori was the lack of unity amongst Hindu kingdoms.

​

Important Points

• Muhammad Ghori attacked Prithviraj Chauhan III a total of 17 times.
• Prithviraj Chauhan defeated Muhammad Ghori in the first battle of Tarain in 1191 AD.
• Muhammad Ghori defeated  Prithviraj Chauhan iii in the 2^nd battle of Tarain in 1192 AD.
• Muhammad Ghori also defeated Raja Jaichand in the battle of Chandawar in 1194.

The correct answer is Jahangir.

Key Points

• Captain Hawkins and Sir Thomas Roe visited the court of Jahangir.
• Jahangir:
• Real name: Salim
• He was married to **Mahrun Nisha (NoorJahan),**widow of Sher Afgani in 1611.
• All the official documents and coins were stacked jointly in the name of Jahangir and Noor Jahan.
• He introduced Anna coin.
• He installed Zanjir-e-Adil (chain of justice) in his capital Agra.
• He wrote Tuzuk-e-Jahangir (autobiography).
• The art of painting was at its zenith during the time of Jahangir.
• Ustad Mansoor was a famous painter in the court of Jahangir.

Additional Information

• Aurangzeb:
• He crowned himself with the title of "Alamgir".
• He was called Zinda peer.
• The Mughal area was the largest during the time of Aurangzeb.
• He forbade:
• Singing and dancing in his court
• Sati system and Jharokha darshan.
• Kalma written coin.
• Astrology and Palm reading.
• Tuladan practice.
• Aurangzeb used to play "Veena".
• He started the Jaziya tax in 1679.
• He gave permission to the French for setting up a factory at Surat in 1667.
• Monuments:
• Bibi ka Makabara: Aurangabad, Maharastra.
• Moti Masjid: Delhi
• Badshahi Masjid: Lahore.
• Shah Jahan:
• ​Real name: Khuram.
• His period was the golden period of the Mughal empire.
• Shah Jahan was called "Prince of builders".
• He expelled Portugese from Hoogly in 1631.
• He built the Taj Mahal - (designed by Isa Khan and Ahammed Lohri).
• Monuments:
• Shish Mahal: Lahore
• Jasmine Palace: Agra
• Moti Masjid: Agra
• Red fort: Delhi
• Jama Masjid: Delhi
• Humayun: 
• He was defeated by Sher Shah Suri in the battle of Chausa in 1539.
• He was again defeated by Sher Shah Suri in the battle of Kannauj in 1540.
• Humayunama was written by his half sister "Gulbadan Begum".
• Humayun's tomb was built by his widow Haji Begum (Bega Begum) in Delhi.
• He died in 1556 due to falling from his Library stairs in Purana Quila, Delhi.​

The correct answer is 15 percent.

Key Points

• The 91^st Constitutional Amendment restricted the size of the council of ministers to 15% of the legislative members.
• 91^st constitutional Amendment:
• This amendment act was passed in 2003.
• According to new clause (1-A) of Article 75, the total number of ministers, including the Prime Minister, in the Central Council of Ministers, shall not exceed 15% of the total strength of the Lok Sabha.
• According to the new clause (1-B) of Article 75, A member of either house of Parliament belonging to any political party who is disqualified on the ground of defection shall also be disqualified to be appointed as a minister.

The correct answer is United States of America.

Key Points

• Judicial Review:
• The power exercised by the courts of a country is to review the actions of the government's legislative, executive, and administrative departments and to ensure that these actions comply with the provisions of the country's constitution.
• It is essential to maintain the supremacy of the constitution.
• It is essential to curb the possible abuse of power by the legislature and the executive.
• It is a type of court proceeding in which a judge reviews the lawfulness of a decision or action made by a public body.
• It is the power exerted by the courts of a country to examine the actions of the legislatures, executive, and administrative arms of government and to ensure that such actions conform to the provisions of the nation’s Constitution.
• Article 372(1): establishes the judicial review of the pre-constitution legislation.
• Article 13: Declares that any law that violates any provisions of the Fundamental rights section will be invalid.

Additional Information

• Ambassador of India to Japan: Sanjay Kumar Verma.
• Ambassador of India to Australia: Manpreet Vohra.
• Ambassador of India to the United Kingdom**: Gaitri Issar Kumar.**
• Ambassador of India to the United States of America: Taranjit Singh Sandhu.

 

The correct answer is Hong Kong.

Key Points

• Merdeka Tournament:
• Merdeka Cup is associated with football.
• The first independent competition was held in Malaya (now Malaysia) in August and September 1957.
• It was won by the Hong Kong championship and most of the teams were from the Oriental Sports Club, which plays friendly matches in the Asia-Pacific region.
• Singapore won the consolation match for the teams that did not qualify for the final**.**

Additional Information

• Ambassador of India to **Singapore:**P.Kumaran.
• Ambassador of India to Indonesia: Manoj Kumar Bharti.
• Ambassador of India to Vietnam: Pranay Verma.

The correct answer is ​Midnight's Children.

Key Points

• Joseph Rudyard Kipling was a British journalist, short story writer, poet, and novelist. He was born in India.
• He received the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1907 and his poems and stories were very popular in the late 19^th and early 20^th centuries.

The correct answer is Salim Durani.

• Salim Durani was the first Indian cricketer to receive the Arjuna Award.

Key Points

• Salim Durrani has been India's finest all-rounder. Salim also bowled with his left hand and batting as well.
• Durrani started his Test journey against Australia in the year 1960.
• Salim Durrani played a total of 29 Tests in a 13-year international career.
• The Arjuna Award was instituted in 1961. Salim Durrani received the first Arjuna Award in the game of cricket.

Additional Information

• Arjuna Awards:
• The Arjuna Awards were instituted in 1961.
• The recipients are selected by a committee constituted by the Ministry and are honored for their "good performance in the field of sports over a period of four years" at the international level and for having shown "qualities of leadership, sportsmanship and a sense of discipline."
• The award consists of a statue, a scroll of honor, a ceremonial dress, and a cash award of 15 lakh which will be presented to the winners.

The correct answer is Ashok Gehlot.

Key Points

• Ashok Gehlot has become the Chief Minister of Rajasthan for the third time.
• Before this, Gehlot became the Chief Minister for the first time in 1998 and for the second time in 2008.
• He is the fourth leader to become the Chief Minister for the third time in the state.
• Prior to Gehlot, Bhairon Singh Shekhawat and Haridev Joshi were the Chief Ministers three times. Although Mohan Lal Sukhadia held this post the most four times.

 

The correct answer is Sophia Gardens.

• The Sofia Garden Cricket Ground is present in Cardiff, Wales.

Key Points

Additional Information

• The first Cricket World Cup contest was organized in England in 1975.
• International Test cricket was first played between England and Australia in 1877.
• The 2003 World Cup in South Africa was the first to sport a mascot Dazzler, the zebra.
• Since 1992, one player has been declared as Player of the Tournament at the end of the World Cup finals.

The correct answer is Architecture.

Key Points

• Pritzker Prize is given in the field of Architecture.
• This award is held to honor architects whose built work demonstrates a combination of talent, vision, and commitment.
• It was established by the Pritzker family of Chicago through their Hyatt Foundation in 1979.
• It is also referred to as “Architecture’s Nobel”.
• Award-$100,000 (US) and a bronze medallion.

Additional Information

• French architects Anne Lacaton and Jean-Philippe Vassal have won the 2021 Pritzker Prize.
• The Pritzker Prize was first awarded in 1979 to Philip Jhonson for the Glass House in Washington, DC$.

The correct answer is Shooting.

Key Points

• Ronjan Sodhi is an Indian Double trap shooter.
• He is the first Indian to win two back-to-back World Cup gold medals.
• He was conferred with the Arjuna award in 2009 and became the seventh shooter to be honored with the Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna.
• He received Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna Award for the year 2012-13.
• Sodhi had won two silver medals at the 2010 Commonwealth Games and a gold medal at the 2010 Asian Games.

Additional Information

• Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna: 
• It is the highest sporting honor of India.
• It was instituted in 1991–92.
• The award comprises a medallion, a certificate, and a cash prize of ₹25 lakh.
• It is given by the Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports for the spectacular and most outstanding performance in the field of sports by a sportsperson over a period of four years.
• Viswanathan Anand was the first recipient of this award.

The correct answer is Punjab.

Key Points

• The 48^th Constitutional Amendment inserted a new provision in clause (5) of Article 356 of the Constitution in order to provide that in the case of the Proclamation issued by the President on 6 October 1983 with respect to the State of Punjab, Parliament may pass any resolution with respect to the continuance in force of the Proclamation for a period up to two years.
• Article 356 of the Indian Constitution includes provisions in case of failure of constitutional machinery in the State.
• It empowers the President to issue a proclamation if he is satisfied that a situation has arisen in which the government of a state cannot be carried on in accordance with the provisions of the Constitution. Notably, the president can act either on a report of the governor of the state or otherwise too (i.e., even without the governor’s report).
• A Proclamation imposing President’s rule must be approved by both the Houses of Parliament within two months from the date of its issue.
• President's rule can be imposed in a state under any one of the following different circumstances:
• A state legislature is unable to elect a leader as Chief Minister for a time prescribed by the Governor of that state.
• Breakdown of a coalition leading to the Chief minister having minority support in the house and the Chief minister fails/will definitely fail to prove otherwise, within a time prescribed by the Governor of that state.
• Loss of majority in the Assembly due to a vote of no-confidence in the house.
• Elections postponed for unavoidable reasons like war, epidemic, pandemic, or natural disasters.
• On the report of the Governor of the state if said state's Constitutional machinery or legislature fails to abide by Constitutional norms.

Additional Information

The correct answer is Gopal Krishna Gokhale.

Key Points

• Gopal Krishna Gokhale was the Political Guru of Mahatma Gandhi.
• Gopal Krishna Gokhale was a great social reformer and educationist who provided exemplary leadership to India's freedom movement.
• He worked towards social empowerment, expansion of education, struggle for freedom in India for three decades and rejected the use of reactionary or revolutionary ways.
• Between 1899 and 1902, he was a member of the Bombay Legislative Council followed by work at the Imperial Legislative Council from 1902 till his death (1915).
• At the Imperial legislature, Gokhale played a key role in framing the Morley-Minto reforms of 1909.
• He was associated with the Moderate Group of Indian National Congress (joined in 1889).
• He was also associated with the Sarvajanik Sabha journal started by Govind Ranade.
• He was the founder of the Servants of India Society in 1905.
• In 1908, Gokhale founded the Ranade Institute of Economics.
• He started an English weekly newspaper, The Hitavada (The people's paper).
• He became President of INC in 1905 in the Banaras session.

The answer is 76^th.

• Seventy-Sixth (76^th) Amendment Act, 1994:
• Included the Tamil Nadu Reservation Act of 1994 (which provides for 69 percent reservation of seats in educational institutions and posts in state services) in the Ninth Schedule to protect it from judicial review.
• In 1992, the Supreme Court ruled that the total reservation should not exceed 50 percent.

Additional Information

• 65^th Constitutional Amendment Act, 1990:
• Provided for the establishment of a multi-member National Commission for SCs and STs in the place of a Special Officer for SCs and STs.
• 72^nd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1992:
• Provided for reservation of seats for the STs in the Legislative Assembly of Tripura.
• 89^th Constitutional Amendment Act, 2003:
• Bifurcated the erstwhile combined National Commission for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes into two separate bodies, namely, National Commission for Scheduled Castes (Article 338) and National Commission for Scheduled Tribes (Article 338-A). Both the Commissions consist of a Chairperson, a Vice-Chairperson and three other members. They are appointed by the President.

The correct answer is Mahapadma Nanda.

Key Points

• Mahapadma Nanda was the founder of the Nanda Dynasty.
• He was also known as Ugrasena i.e owner of a huge army who defeated many kingdoms such as Kurus, Kalingas, and Kasis.
• He has also been described as the “Destroyer of all the Kshatriyas” in the Puranas.
• The Puranas called Mahapadma Ekrat i.e the sole Monarch.
• He seems to have overthrown all the dynasties which ruled at the time of Shisunagas.
• He is often described as the 'First Empire Builder of Indian History".
• Mahapadma Nanda was succeeded by his eight sons.
• Dhananada was the last one.

Additional Information

• Chandragupta Maurya was the founder of the Mauryan Empire. 
• He defeated the last Nanda ruler Dhanananda and occupied Pataliputra in 322 BC.
• Ashoka was the 3^rd ruler of the Mauryan dynasty. 
• He is well known for promoting Buddhism across India and Asia.

The correct answer is Harper Lee.

Key Points

• Harper Lee:
• The author of the modern American classic "To Kill A Mockingbird" is Harper Lee.
• It was the first book of Lee which was published in the year 1960.
• Other Book: Snow! Snow! Snow!
• She passed away on February 19, 2016.
• She was born Nelle Harper Lee on April 28, 1926, in Monroeville, Alabama, US.
• She has won the Pulitzer Prize in 1961 and the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 2007 for her contribution to literature.

Additional Information

The correct answer is Odisha.

Key Points

• The All-India Football Federation has announced that Odisha will host the Indian Women’s League (IWL) 2020-2021.
• This is the fifth edition of IWL, the top division women’s league in India.
• The Odisha government is a strategic partner of the AIFF (All India Football Federation).
• It provides the necessary infrastructure to various men and women age-group teams.
• AIFF appreciates Odisha Government’s longstanding partnership with Indian Football.
• The AIFF stays committed to the development of women's football in the country.
• India is Scheduled to host the AFC women's Asia Cup in 2022.
• It is followed by the FIFA under-17 Women's World Cup 2022.

Important Points

• About The All-India Football Federation:
• AIFF founded: 23 June 1937.
• Chairman: Praful Patel.
• FIFA affiliation of AIFF: 1948.
• Headquarters of AIFF: Dwarka, Delhi.
• About Odisha:
• Chief Minister: Naveen Patnaik
• Governor: Ganeshi Lal

Given:

The number of employees laid off in April is 25

The number of employees laid off in next month of April is 300

Initially, the number of employees in the company is 1,000

Formula used:

Percent of laid-off employees = (Total number of employees who laid off/Total number of employees work initially) × 100%

Calculation:

Total number employees laid off the company = 25 + 300 = 325

According to the formula 

Percent of laid-off employees = (325/1,000) × 100% = 32.5%

∴ The percentage of the employees who laid the company is 32.5%

Given:

Cost of 30 kg flour is Rs. 1200

Selling Price of flour is Rs. 52 per kg

Formula Used:

Profit% = {(SP – CP)/CP} × 100

where,

CP is Cost Price

SP is Selling Price

Calculation:

According to the question,

Cost Price of the flour = (Total amount spent on buying the flour)/(Quantity of flour)

⇒ 1200/30

⇒ Rs. 40

Now, Profit% = Profit% = {(SP – CP)/CP} × 100%

⇒ {(52 – 40)/40} × 100%

⇒ (12/40) × 100%

⇒ (3/10) × 100%

⇒ 30%

∴ The percentage of profit that Suman will earn is 30%.

Given:

Original ratio of Sugar and Salt in the mixture is 5 ∶ 6

Amount of Sugar added to the mixture = 500 grams is 0.5 kg

New ratio of Sugar and Salt after adding 500 grams sugar in the mixture is 7 ∶ 8

Calculation:

Let the quantity of Sugar and Salt in the mixture be 5x kg and 6x kg respectively.

According to the question,

(5x + 0.5)/(6x) = 7/8

⇒ 8 × (5x + 0.5) = (6x) × 7

⇒ 8 × (5x) + 8 × (0.5) = 42x

⇒ 40x + 4 = 42x

⇒ 42x - 40x = 4

⇒ 2x = 4

⇒ x = 2

Since, no salt is added in the original mixture.

So, the quantity of salt in the new mixture = The quantity of salt in the original mixture 

⇒ 6x 

⇒ 6 × 2

⇒ 12 kg

∴ The quantity of salt in the new mixture is 12 kg.

Given:

Three numbers = 116, 135 and 211

Concept Used:

The largest number which when divides the numbers a, b and c, leaving the same remainders is HCF of (a - b), (b - c) and (c - a).

Calculation:

According to the question,

The largest possible number which divides 116, 135 and 211 leaving the same remainder in each case = HCF of (135 - 116), (211 - 135) and (211 - 116)

⇒ HCF of 19, 76 and 95

Now,

19 = 19 × 1,

76 = 19 × 2 × 2,

95 = 19 × 5

So, the HCF of 19, 76 and 95 is 19.

And so, the HCF of 116, 135 and 211 is 19.

∴ The largest possible number which divides 116, 135 and 211 leaving the same remainder in each case is 19.

Given:

Principal = Rs. 75,500

Rate of Interest = 10%

Time = 2 years

Formula Used:

A = P{1 + (R/100)}n

where,

A = Amount,

P = Principal,

R = Rate of Interest,

n = Time

Calculation:

According to the question,

The amount payable after 2 years,

A = P{1 + (R/100)}n

⇒ 75,500 × {1 + (10/100)}²

⇒ 75,500 × (110/100)²

⇒ 75,500 × (11/10) × (11/10)

⇒ 755 × 121

⇒ Rs. 91,355

∴ The amount payable after 2 years is Rs. 91,355.

Given:

Selling price of item is Rs. 722.5

Formula used:

Equivalent discount% = a + b - (a × b)/100

Selling price = [(100 - D%)/100] × M.P

Calculation:

Equivalent discount% = 15 + 15 - (15 × 15)/100

⇒ Equivalent discount% = 30 - 2.25

⇒ Equivalent discount% = 27.75%

According to the question,

722.5 = [(100 - 27.75)/100] × M.P

⇒ 72,250 = 72.25 × M.P

⇒ M.P = Rs. 1000

According to the new condition,

Equivalent discount = 20 + 20 - (20 × 20)/100

⇒ Equivalent discount = 40 - 4

⇒ Equivalent discount = 36%

Selling price = [(100 - 36)/100] × 1,000

⇒ Selling price = (64/100) × 1,000

⇒ Selling price = Rs. 640

∴ The selling price of item is Rs. 640.

Shortcut Trick

Find the LCM of the given time intervals: 6, 7, 8, 2, and 3 seconds.

LCM(6, 7, 8, 2, 3) = 168 seconds.

Total time = 1 hour = 3600 seconds.

Number of times they blink together = (Total Time ÷ LCM) + 1.

Number of times = (3600 ÷ 168) + 1 = 21.42 + 1 → 21 + 1 = 22.

∴ The correct answer is 22.

Alternate Method

Given:

Intervals of 5 buttons = 6 s, 7 s, 8 s, 2 s, 3 s.

Total duration = 1 hour.

Formula Used:

Blinking Frequency = LCM of individual intervals.

Total occurrences = (Total duration ÷ Blinking Frequency) + 1 (including the start).

Calculations:

⇒ Prime factors of 6 = 2 × 3

⇒ Prime factors of 7 = 7

⇒ Prime factors of 8 = 2³

⇒ Prime factors of 2 = 2

⇒ Prime factors of 3 = 3

⇒ LCM = 2³ × 3 × 7 = 8 × 3 × 7 = 168 seconds.

⇒ Total duration in seconds = 1 × 60 × 60 = 3600 seconds.

⇒ Number of intervals = 3600 ÷ 168 = 21.428

⇒ Since we include the initial blink at 0 seconds, total blinks = 21 + 1 = 22.

∴ The correct answer is 22.

Additional Information

LCM in Periodic Events

The Least Common Multiple (LCM) is the fundamental method to find when different events with different periods will coincide again.

Counting the First Event

In problems where items start together, the total count is always (Total Time ÷ LCM) + 1. If the question asks how many times they blink after starting together, the answer would be (Total Time ÷ LCM).

Time Unit Conversion

Always ensure the total time and the interval are in the same units (seconds, minutes, or hours) before performing division.

Concept:

The least number which is divisible by all of the given numbers is called LCM.

Calculation:

LCM of 7, 2 and 11 = 7 × 2 × 11

⇒ LCM of 7, 2 and 11 = 154

Let the number be 154k + 1

Put k = 1,

Number = 154 × 1 + 1

⇒ Number = 155

∴ The number is 155.

Given:

Total money distributed = Rs. 15000

The ratio of A and B = 2 : 3

The share to given his younger sister by B = 20% 

Calculation:

Let the amount of A be 2x and B be 3x

According to the question,

2x + 3x = 15000

⇒ 5x = 15000

⇒ x = 3000

The amount of B = 3x

⇒ 3 × 3000 = 9000

B gave to his sister = 9000 × 20%

⇒ 9000 × (20/100) = 1800

So, the amount left with B = 9000 - 1800 ⇒ 7200

∴ The amount left with B is Rs. 7200.

Given:

Sum of two numbers is 230.

The numbers are in the ratio 3 : 7

Calculation:

Let the numbers be 3x and 7x

According to the question,

10x = 230

⇒ x = 23

Now, LCM of (7x, 3x) = 7 × 3 × x

⇒ 21 × 23

⇒ 483

∴ The LCM of the numbers are 483.

Given:

The cost of the bike Newton bought is Rs. 2000. For repairing he spent Rs. 500. The earned profit is 30%

Calculation: 

Total cost of the bike = Rs. (2000 + 500) ⇒ Rs. 2500

Profit = 30% of 2500

⇒ (30/100) × 2500 =750

Selling price = 2500 + 750 ⇒ Rs. 3250

∴ The bike should be sold at Rs. 3250.