DSSSB Junior Secretariat Assistant Official paper (Held on: 7 April 2022 Shift 1 ) (Previous Year Paper)

The table is alphabets place value:

SPEAKER is written as JMXBRXK

Similarly,

'THEATER' = ?

Hence, 'THEATER' is coded as "IUXBIXK".

Drawing the diagram according to the given information,

1. Rohan walks towards the West.
2. After walking for 280 m
3. He turns to the right walks 140 m straight.
4. Again he turns to the right and walks for 120 m straight.
5. He turns to the right and walks for 140 m

 

Rohan is far from the starting point =  280 - 120 = 160 m

Hence, the correct answer is "160 m".

Family Chart:

Given:

M + N means 'M is the father of N',

M - N means 'M is the wife of N',

M × N means 'M is the brother of N',

M ÷ N means 'M is the daughter of N'.

Let us first decode the given symbols and then draw a family tree.

Now break the code ‘G - H + J’

1) G - H

G - H means 'G is the wife of H'.

2) H + J

H + J means 'H is the father of J'.

Now, check all the options

Option (1) G is the mother of J → Ture

Option (2) G is the aunt (father's sister) of J → False (G is the mother of J)

Option (3) J is the sister of G → False (J is the son/daughter of G)

Option (4) J is the daughter of G → False (J is the son/daughter of G)

Hence, “option (1)” is the correct answer.

Statements:

Few snails are crabs.

No crab is a girl.

All girls are balls.

The least possible diagram for the given statements is as follows

Conclusions:

(I) Some balls are not crabs → True (Because Some balls are girls and no carb is a girl so some balls are definitely not crabs)

(II) All crabs are snails → False (Because statement given few snails are crabs so all crabs are snails are wrong)

(III) All balls are girls → False (Because statement given all girls are balls so all balls are girls is wrong)

Hence, “Only conclusion I follows".

The logic here is,

ADVICED is related to GHFLYGD

And,

COMFORT is related to WURIPRF

Similarly,

 DELIVER related to

Hence, "UHYLOHG" is the correct answer.

The table is alphabets place value:

The pattern followed here is:

FINE : EUZF 

Similarly,

XRVH : ?

Hence, 'XRVH' is coded as "WDHI".

The given statement is: T < R = I > P > U = S

Conclusions:

I. R > S → True (as R = I > P > U = S given; so R > S is true).

II. I > U → True (as I > P > U given; so I > U is true).

Hence, the correct answer is “Both I and II”.

Five varieties of his crop, which consists of potatoes, onions, ginger, garlic and spinach on a staircase.

1. spinach is above potatoes.

2. garlic is below onions and onions are under potatoes.

3. Garlic is between onions and ginger.

Thus, crop Ginger has been placed on the bottom-most part of the staircase.

Hence, “Ginger” is the correct answer.

According to the given information

'dogs’ is coded as "ad".

Hence, 'ad is the correct answer.

Family Chart:

Given:

S + T means 'S is the father of T',

S - T means 'S is the wife of T',

S × T means 'S is the brother of T',

S ÷ T means 'S is the daughter of T'.

Let us first decode the given symbols and then draw a family tree.

Now break the code ‘G × H ÷ J’

1) G × H

'G × H' means 'G is the brother of H'

2) H ÷ J

'H ÷ J' means 'H is the daughter of J'

Now, check all the options

1)  G is the father of J → False (G is the son of J)

2)  G is the brother of J → False (G is the son of J)

3)  G is the uncle (mother's brother) of J → False (G is the son of J)

4)  G is the son of J → True

Hence, “G is the son of J” is the correct answer.

The logic follows here is :

Explanation: The given codes can be represented as :-

Codes in tabular form:

According to the above table, code for 'Annual' is 'st'.

Hence, the correct answer is "st".

The logic followed here is: 

• MUSIC is related to LTRHB :

​

• PURSE is related to OTQRD :

​

Similarly

• PHOTO will be related to :

​

Thus, 'PHOTO' will be written as 'OGNSN'.

Hence, the correct answer is "OGNSN".

According to given information :

• Town L is to the east of Town I and north of Town J.
• Town J is to the north of Town G, which is to the north of Town H and to the west of Town M.
• Town K is to the east of Town L.

The following diagram can be drawn according to given condition :

Clearly, Town I is in 'North-West' to Town M.

Hence, the correct answer is "North-West".

The Place value Table:

There are two pairs: OR (In backward direction), PU (In forward direction).

Thus two pairs of word which have as many letters between them as there are in the English alphabetical order.

Hence, "Two" is the correct answer.

Given

Statements:

L > Q = R < S > D > U

Conclusions:

I. R < L → True (as L > Q = R gives, as R < L).

II. U < S → True (as S > D > U gives, as U < S).

Hence, the correct answer is “Both I and II are true”.

Statements:

All eagles are octopuses.

All octopuses are blazers.

All blazers are plazas.

The least possible diagram for the given statements is as follows

Conclusions:

(I) All blazers are eagles → False (Because all eagles are octopuses and all octopuses are blazers so some blazers are eagles not all blazers are eagles)

(II) Some plazas are octopuses → True (Because all octopuses are blazers and all blazers are plazas so definitely some plazas are octopuses )

(III) All plazas are blazers → False (Because all blazers are plazas so some plazas are definitely blazers but all plazas can not be blazers)

Hence, “Only conclusion II follows”.

The given statement is: G > Q = R < S = M > 0

Conclusions:

I. G > S → False (as G > Q = R < S gives either G > R or R < S and no definite relation between G and S can be determined).

II. R < M → True (as R < S = M given; so R ≤ M is true).

Hence, the correct answer is “Only II is true”.

Given:

1. Swati was facing South-East.
2. She turns 90° in the clockwise direction
3. Then she turns 135° in the anti-clockwise direction
4. Finally, she turns 180° in the clockwise direction.

According to the given information, we get the following figure

Therefore, the direction  Swati is facing right now is West.

Hence, the correct answer is "West".

According to the given question,

There is only one pair in the word 'ELEPHANT'.

Pair : PT

Hence, the correct answer is "One".

By using the following symbols in the table given below, we can draw the following family tree:

Statement : Introducing Arvind, Ragini said, "His father is the only son of my father-in-law".

Here, Arvind's father is the only son of Ragini's father-in-law, which means Ragini is the wife of Arvind's father and mother of Arvind.

The following family tree can be drawn :

Therefore, Ragini is the mother of Arvind.

Hence, the correct answer is "Mother".

The table is alphabets place value:

Given: BAD : ZWA

Similarly,

Option(1): CAM : AWJ

Hence, "Option (1)" is the correct answer.

The logic followed here is:

Option (1) 

 → Back side of the image, the circle is on the right side and the triangle is on the left side.

Option (2) 

 → Back side of the image, the circle is on the right side and the triangle is on the left side.

Option (3) 

→ Back side of the image, the circle is on the left side and the triangle is on the right side.

Option (4) 

→ Back side of the image, the circle is on the right side and the triangle is on the left side.

All options are the same except Option (3).

Hence, “Option (3)” is an odd one.

The pattern followed here is:

Hence, the correct answer is "40.5".

Table show alphabet serial number –

The pattern followed is,

All follow the same pattern, except ‘QSWYZ’.

Hence, “QSWYZ” is the odd one

Decoding the information, 

Given:

15 > 12 I 9 < 14 K 7

After replacing the signs from left to right and using the BODMAS rule,

15 × 12 ÷ 9 - 14 + 7

= 15 × 1.34 - 14 + 7

= 20 - 14 + 7

= 27 - 14

= 13

Hence, “13” is the correct answer.

The logic followed here is:

Two figure in the image

• 1^st figure → flip vertically → flip horizontally → Become dark → 2^nd figure

Option (1) 

 

Option (2)  

Option (3) 

Option (4) 

All options are the same except Option (1).

Hence, “Option (1)” is an odd one.

The pattern followed here is:

Hence, '133' is the correct answer.

The figure that will replace the question mark (?) in the following figure series is shown below:

• The rectangle stay and shifted respectively.

• The point stay and shifted respectively.

​

Final series is:

Hence, ‘Option 2’ is the correct answer.

The table is alphabets place value:

Given: FLAT - LFTA - ATFL

Similarly,

Option(4): BLOG - LBGO - OGBL

Hence, "Option (4)" is the correct answer.

The figure that will replace the question mark (?) in the following figure series is shown below:

• The middle figure rotates respectively 45°, 90°, 135°, 180° and 225°.

1^st to 2^nd figure-

• The upper two shapes and the Lower two shapes interchange their position left and right.

2^nd to 3^rd figure-

• Then The upper two shapes and the Lower two shapes interchange their position.

3^rd to 4^th figure-

• Then upper left shape shifted to the upper right side.
• The upper right shape shifted to the lower left side.
• The lower left shape shifted to the lower right side.
• The lower right shape shifted to the upper right side.

4^th to 5^th figure-

• The upper two shapes and the Lower two shapes interchange their position left and right.

5^rd to 6^th figure-

• Then The upper two shapes and the Lower two shapes interchange their position.

Final series is

Hence, ‘option 3’ is the correct answer.

The logic is here is,

(1^st number × 5) - 2 = 2^nd number

Given:

7 is related to 33

=> (7 × 5) - 2 = 35 - 2 = 33

And,

23 is related to 113

=> (23 × 5) - 2 = 115 - 2 = 113

Similarly,

37 related to

=> (37 × 5) - 2 = 185 - 2 = 183

Hence, “183” is the correct answer.

The pattern followed here is:

• The middle shape shifted to lower right corner.

​

Similarly,

• The middle shape shifted to lower right corner.

Hence, 'Option (1)' is the correct answer.

The logic is here is,

1^st number + 6 = 2^nd number

Given:

18 is related to 24

=> 18 + 6 = 24

And,

6 is related to 12

=> 6 + 6 = 12

Similarly,

45 related to

=> 45 + 6 = 51

Hence, “51” is the correct answer.

Decoding the information, 

Given:

144 A 12 B 24 D 4 C 35 B 18 = ?

After replacing the signs from left to right and using the BODMAS rule,

144 - 12 + 24 ÷ 4 × 35 + 18

= 144 - 12 + 6 × 35 + 18

= 144 - 12 + 210 + 18

= 372 - 12

= 360

Hence, “360” is the correct answer.

The figure that will replace the question mark (?) in the following figure series is shown below:

Hence, ‘option 3’ is the correct answer.

The figure that will replace the question mark (?) in the following figure series is shown below:

Hence, ‘option 2’ is the correct answer.

The table is alphabets place value:

Given: ROD : ILW

Similarly,

Option(2): SHE : HSV

Hence, "Option (2)" is the correct answer.

The correct mirror image of the given figure when the mirror is held at the right side is:

Hence, "option (1)" is the correct answer.

The shaded part represents the number of journalists are NOT singers but belong to India.

 

• The number representing journalists are NOT singers but belong to India = 12

Hence, ‘12’ is the correct answer.

The shaded part represents the number of singers are also journalists, who belong to India.

 

• The number representing singers are also journalists, who belong to India = 10

Hence, ‘10’ is the correct answer.

The correct answer is 'Rann of Kutch'.

Key Points

Largest Solar Park in India

• The Ministry of Renewable Energy (MNRE) has got approval to build the country's largest solar power park.
• It will be manufactured by the country's largest power generating company.
• NTPC Renewable Energy Limited (REL), a 100% subsidiary of NTPC, has received approval from the Ministry of Renewable Energy (MNRE) to set up a 4,750 MW Renewable Energy Park in the Rann of Kutch in Khawara, Gujarat.
• NTPC REL plans to generate green hydrogen on a commercial scale from this park.

Thus, the correct answer is Rann of Kutch

Additional InformationLet's have a look at other options:

The correct answer is 'Roads and Highways Project funded by the Government of India'.

Key PointsBharatmala Pariyojana

• Bharatmala Pariyojanat is a National Highway Development Project.
• This includes development projects with border and international connectivity.
• Ports and roads, improving national corridors and developing national corridors are also included in this project.
• Apart from this, national highways will be built connecting backward areas, and religious and tourist places.
• The connectivity between Char Dham Kedarnath, Badrinath, Yamunotri and Gangotri will be improved.
• The Rs 10 lakh crore Bharatmala Pariyojana, meant for expansion and development of roads, will subsume all existing highway projects, including several major National Highway Development Projects (NHDP) launched by the Atal Bihari Vajpayee government in 1998.

Thus, the correct answer is Roads and Highways Project funded by the Government of India.

Additional Information Let's have a look at other options:

The correct answer is 'performance of Indian universities in sports'.

Key PointsMaulana Abul Kalam Azad Trophy

• Maulana Abul Kalam Azad Trophy, abbreviated as MAKA Trophy is a sporting honour of the Republic of India.
• The award is named after Abul Kalam Azad, commonly known as Maulana Azad, one of the senior leaders of the Indian independence movement and the first education minister in independent India.
• It is awarded annually by the Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports.
• It is a rolling trophy awarded over the previous year to "the overall top performing university in sport and the promotion of competitive sports in the university".
• As of 2020, the award for the first-place university includes "a rolling MAKA trophy and a cash prize of ₹15 lakh (US$21,000)".
• Universities ranked second and third receive cash prizes of ₹7.5 lakh (US$11,000) and ₹4.5 lakh (US$6,300) respectively.

Thus, the correct answer is performance of Indian universities in sports$.

The correct answer is 'Reasi'.

Key Points

• The world's highest rail bridge is being built on the Chenab river in the Reasi district of Jammu and Kashmir.
• Most of the work on making this bridge has been completed.
• It is expected to be completed by December 2021.
• This bridge has been constructed under the Konkan Railway Corporation Limited (KRCL) Udhampur-Srinagar-Baramulla Rail Link (USBRL) project.
• It will connect the valley to the rest of the country through railways.
• This bridge is made from structural steel.
• It can withstand temperatures ranging from -10°C to 40°C.
• Meaning the weather in Jammu and Kashmir will not have any effect on this bridge and the bridge will continue to run without any difficulty.
• 'Chenab Bridge' may be operational for rail traffic by December 2022.

Thus, the correct answer is Reasi.

The correct answer is 'E = mc2'.

Key Points Mass-energy equivalence

• In physics, mass-energy equivalence is the relationship between mass and energy in a system's rest frame, where the two values differ only by a constant and the units of measurement.
• The principle is described by the physicist Albert Einstein's famous formula: E = mc2
• The formula defines the energy E of a particle in its rest frame as the product of mass (m) with the speed of light squared (c²).

Thus, the correct answer is E = mc2.

The correct answer is 'Archaeological Survey of India'.

Key PointsArchaeological Survey of India

• ​The Archaeological Survey of India is a premier organization for archaeological research and conservation of the cultural heritage of India.
• Its main function is to maintain the ancient monuments and archaeological sites and relics of national importance.
• In addition, it regulates all archaeological activities in the country as per the provisions of the Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains Act, 1958.
• It also regulates the Antiquities and Valuable Artifacts Act, 1972.
• It is under the Ministry of Culture.

Thus, the correct answer is Archaeological Survey of India

Additional Information

• Indian Institute of Management (IIM)
• Indian Institute of Management (IIM) is one of the best management institutes in India.
• Presently there are 20 Indian Institutes of Management, out of which 6 major institutes are located in Bangalore, Ahmedabad, Kolkata, Lucknow, Indore and Kozhikode.
• They offer the degree of Post Graduate Diploma in Management which is equivalent to an MBA.
• Admission to these institutes is done on the basis of the Common Admission Test (CAT), an all-India entrance exam.
• Indian Institute of Technology
• The Indian Institutes of Technology are 23 technical education institutions in India.
• These institutes are "Institutions of National Importance" established by the Government of India. As of 2021, the total number of seats for undergraduate programs in all the 23 IITs is 16234.
• Indian Institute for Human Settlement
• ​The Indian Institute for Human Settlements (IIHS) is a national education institution committed to the equitable, sustainable and efficient transformation of Indian settlements.
• IIHS is India’s first prospective independently funded and managed National University for Research and Innovation that focuses on its ongoing urban and development transformation.

The correct answer is 'stone'.

Key Points

• Dholavira is situated on the Luni river in Gujarat, India. A unique water harnessing system and its stormwater drainage system, a large well, and a bath (giant water reservoirs) were excavated from here.
• The use of wonderful ponds made by cutting stone from the excavation of Dholavira is world famous today from the point of view of water conservation.
• According to the Archaeological Survey of India, the sophisticated water conservation system of channels and reservoirs of Dholavira was built completely of stone.

Thus, the correct answer is Stone.

The correct answer is 'Ladakh'.

Key PointsShondol dance

• Shondol is a famous dance, performed by artists for the King of Ladakh on special occasions.
• It was organized by Live to Love India, Drukpa Charitable Trust and Young Drukpa Association.
• Shondol dance known as the royal dance of Ladakh has created history by entering the Guinness Book of World Records as the largest Ladakhi dance.
• The event was organized on the concluding day of the Naropa festival, a Buddhist carnival near Hemis Monastery in Ladakh.
• 408 women dressed in traditional costumes and beautiful head girls performed the dance, which broke the previous record of 299 performers of Shondol dancing at the 2018 festival.

Additional InformationLadakh

• Ladakh became a Union Territory on 31 October 2019.
• The Union Territory of Ladakh comprises two districts, Leh and Kargil.
• With the bifurcation of Jammu and Kashmir into two union territories, India has 28 states and 8 union territories.
• Lt Governor: Shri Radha Krishna Mathur (January 2021)

The correct answer is 'Phosphorus - Important for healthy bones and teeth; found in every cell; part of the system that maintains acid-base balance'.

Key Points Let's have a look at all options:

• Magnesium
• It ​helps to maintain normal nerve and muscle function, supports a healthy immune system, keeps the heartbeat steady, and helps bones remain strong.
• It also helps adjust blood glucose levels.
• It aids in the production of energy and protein.
• Potassium
• ​Its main role in the body is to help maintain normal levels of fluid inside our cells.
• Potassium also helps muscles to contract and supports normal blood pressure.
• Sodium
• ​Sodium maintains normal fluid levels outside of cells.
• The human body requires a small amount of sodium to conduct nerve impulses, contract and relax muscles, and maintain the proper balance of water and minerals.
• Phosphorus
• Important for healthy bones and teeth.
• It is found in every cell.
• It is the part of the system that maintains acid-base balance.

Thus, the correct answer is Phosphorus - Important for healthy bones and teeth; found in every cell; part of the system that maintains acid-base balance.

Important Points

• Zinc
• Aids in cell division, immunity and wound healing.
• Iodine
• ​Necessary for the body's metabolism and physical and mental development.

The correct answer is 'Chlorine (Cl)'.

Key PointsChlorine

• Chlorine is a chemical element with the atomic number 17 and the symbol Cl.
• It is present in common salt as the negative ion chloride and is found in abundance in salts dissolved in ocean water.
• Chlorine (Cl2 or "dichlorine") is found as a gas at normal temperature and pressure.
• It is used to disinfect swimming pools.
• It is a halogen and is placed in group 17 in the periodic table.
• It is a yellow and green air-light natural gas that turns into a liquid at a certain pressure and temperature.
• It is found on earth as well as in the sea.
• Chlorine is essential for plants and humans.

Thus, the correct answer is Chlorine (Cl).

Additional Information

• Noble Gas
• Noble gas is that gas which generally does not participate in chemical reactions and is always available in a free state.
• Its examples are Helium (He), Neon (Ne), Argon (Ar), Krypton, xenon and radon.
• All noble gases are colourless, odourless and tasteless.
• They are also known as Inert Gases.

The correct answer is 'Arsenic'.

Key PointsArsenic 

• Arsenic is a natural element similar to metal.
• It becomes poisonous to the human body when it reaches a certain amount (0.05 mg/L) in the human body through drinking water, food and air.
• It is the most toxic chemical in groundwater.
• It enters groundwater through a natural process related to the geomorphology and the chemical nature of groundwater.
• Mainly arsenic pollution occurs due to natural reasons, that is, arsenic is naturally present in the strata from which the hand pump takes to water.
• Arsenic pollution is mainly naturally associated with active river systems and is commonly found in soils along the course of large rivers.
• Usually, the initial symptoms of arsenic poisoning are visible in the form of skin problems.
• Often there is a change in the colour of the skin, and dark or light spots appear on the body.
• Drinking arsenic-polluted water for a long time can cause skin cancer and cancer of other internal organs and lungs, stomach and kidneys.

Thus, the correct answer is Arsenic

Important Points

Let's have a look at other options:

• Calcium
• ​The normal concentration of calcium in groundwater ranges from 10 to 100 mg/L.
• The basic sources of calcium are carbonate rocks, i.e., limestones and dolomites, which are dissolved by carbonic acid in groundwater.
• The chemical breakdown of calcic-plagioclase feldspars and pyroxenes may be responsible for calcium in the groundwater.
• Calcium can also originate as lime in agricultural fertilizers.
• Cadmium
• Cadmium (Cd) is a non-essential trace element that is widely distributed in the environment.
• Both geogenic and anthropogenic sources can elevate Cd concentrations in soils and groundwater, which are important for maintaining healthy supplies of food and safe drinking water.
• Elevated Cd doses are carcinogenic to humans.
• Salt
• The term "salinity" refers to the concentrations of salts in water or soils.
• Salinity can take three forms, classified by their causes: primary salinity (also called natural salinity); secondary salinity (also called dryland salinity), and tertiary salinity (also called irrigation salinity).
• Small amounts of dissolved salts in natural waters are vital for the life of aquatic plants and animals; higher levels of salinity alter the way the water can be used; yet even the most hypersaline water can be used for some purposes.
• However, high levels of salinity and acidity (if present) are harmful to many plants and animals.

The correct answer is 'Dhaval Kulkarni'.

Key Points

• A biography of Nathuram Godse, the infamous assassin of Mahatma Gandhi, titled “Nathuram Godse: The True Story of Gandhi’s Assassin”, written by Mumbai-based journalist Dhaval Kulkarni will be released in 2022.
• The book will be published by Pan Macmillan India.
• The book will bring to light the unknown aspects of Godse’s life and times, his ideologies and motivations while revealing the complex factors that led to an assassination.

Thus, the correct answer is Dhaval Kulkarni.

Important Points Let's have a look at other options:

The correct answer is 'Alpha Centauri'.

Key PointsAlpha Centauri

• It is the closest star to our solar system situated at 4.3 light-years away.
• It is in the southern constellation Centaurus.
• It is a triple star system consisting of α Centauri A (officially Rigil Kentaurus), α Centauri B (officially Toliman), and the closest star α Centauri C (officially Proxima Centauri).

Thus, the correct answer is Alpha Centauri.

Important Points Let's have a look at other options:

• Barnard's Star
• ​​Barnard's star, nicknamed Bayer (V2500 Ophiuchi), is a very low-mass red dwarf star visible in the constellation Serpent.
• It is located at a distance of about 6 light-years from Earth.
• It is an M4 class star and its luminosity (relative magnitude) from Earth has been measured at +9.5 magnitudes.
• It keeps changing its position in the sky, hence it is also called "Barnard's running star".
• It is getting closer to our solar system over time and will be only 3.75 light-years away from the Sun in the year 11,800 AD and will be its closest star.
• Procyon
• Procyon, with its Bayer name (α Canis Minoris or α CMi), is the brightest star in the Heinschwan constellation and the seventh brightest of the stars visible from Earth.
• It appears to be a star without binoculars, but is actually a twin star, one of which is a white main sequence star named "Procyon A"  and the other is a dim white dwarf star called "Procyon B".​
• Sirius A​
• Sirius, also known as Alpha Canis Majoris or Dog Star, is the brightest star in the night sky from Earth.
• Its apparent visual magnitude is -1.46, which is twice that of the second brightest star, the Canopus Star.
• It is actually a twin star in the Canis Major constellation.
• The Sirius is at a distance of about 8.6 light-years from Earth.

The correct answer is 'June'.

Key Points

• The southwest monsoon is generally expected to begin around the beginning of June and fade away by the end of September.
• The moisture-laden winds on reaching the southernmost point of the Indian Peninsula, due to its topography, become divided into two parts:
• the Arabian Sea Branch
• the Bay of Bengal Branch.
• The Arabian Sea Branch of the Southwest Monsoon first hits the Western Ghats of the coastal state of Kerala, India, thus making this area the first state in India to receive rain from the Southwest Monsoon.
• This branch of the monsoon moves northwards along the Western Ghats (Konkan and Goa) with precipitation on coastal areas, west of the Western Ghats.
• The eastern areas of the Western Ghats do not receive much rain from this monsoon as the wind does not cross the Western Ghats.
• The Bay of Bengal Branch of Southwest Monsoon flows over the Bay of Bengal heading towards north-east India and Bengal, picking up more moisture from the Bay of Bengal.
• The winds arrive at the Eastern Himalayas with large amounts of rain.
• After the arrival at the Eastern Himalayas, the winds turn towards the west, travelling over the Indo-Gangetic Plain at a rate of roughly 1–2 weeks per state, pouring rain all along its way.

Thus, June 1 is regarded as the date of onset of the monsoon in India, as indicated by the arrival of the monsoon in the southernmost state of Kerala. Hence, the correct answer is June.

Additional Information Mawsynram, situated on the southern slopes of the Khasi Hills in Meghalaya, India, is one of the wettest places on Earth.

The correct answer is 'Agar-agar'.

Key PointsAgar-Agar Powder

• Agar is a colloidal substance obtained from various types of red algae.
• It contains galactose and sulfate.
• Agar-agar powder is rich in iron, calcium, calories, fiber and manganese.
• Agar-agar is a polysaccharide used to make jellies.
• It is obtained from seaweed.

Thus, the correct answer is Agar-agar.

Important Points Let's have a look at other options:

• Fructose
• ​Fructose is an organic compound.
• Its taste is sweet.
• Its molecular formula is also C₆H₁₂O₆ like glucose.
• It is clear from its reactions that a ketone group (>C=O) is present on the second carbon (C2) and similar to glucose, it has a chain of six carbon atoms.
• It belongs to the D(-) family and is a counterclockwise. Hence, it can be properly written as D(-) fructose.
• Cellulose
• ​Cellulose is an organic compound with the chemical formula (C₆H₁₀O₅)_n.
• It is a polysaccharide in which the same type of molecule is added continuously to form a polymer of thousands of molecules.
• Cell walls of many green plants are made of cellulose and it is of great importance in the living world.
• 90% of the cotton fibres are cellulose.
• Starch
• ​Starch is a white, granular, organic chemical that is produced by all green plants.
• Starch is a soft, white, tasteless powder that is insoluble in cold water, alcohol, or other solvents.
• The basic chemical formula of the starch molecule is (C₆H₁₀O₅)_n.

The correct answer is 'Lata Mangeshkar'.

Key PointsBharat Ratna in 2001

• Singer Lata Mangeshkar was honored with Bharat Ratna in 2001.
• Shehnai player Bismillah Khan was awarded Bharat Ratna in 2001.

Thus, Lata Mangeshkar, the playback singer was awarded Bharat Ratna along with Ustad Bismillah Khan in the year 2001. Hence, the correct answer is Lata Mangeshkar.

Important Points Let's have a look at other options:

The correct answer is 'Odissi'.

Key PointsIleana Citaristi

• Ileana Citaristi is an Italian-born Odissi and Chhau dancer, and dance instructor based in Bhubaneswar, India.
• She was awarded the 43^rd National Film Awards for Best Choreography for Yugant in 1995 and became, in 2006, the first dancer of foreign origin to be conferred the Padma Shri for her contributions to Odissi.

Thus, the correct answer is Odissi

Important Points Let's have a look at other options:

The correct answer is 'Centre for Development of Advanced Computing (C-DAC)'.

Key Points

• A new dimension has now been added to India’s march toward a leadership position in supercomputing with the convergence of HPC and Artificial Intelligence (AI).
• A 200 AI PF Artificial Intelligence supercomputing system has been created and installed in the Centre for Development of Advanced Computing (C-DAC).
• The system can handle incredibly large-scale AI workloads increasing the speed of computing related to AI several times.

Thus, the correct answer is Centre for Development of Advanced Computing (C-DAC)

Important PointsLet's have a look at all options:

• Department of Science and Technology (DST)
• The Department of Science and Technology is a department within the Ministry of Science and Technology in India.
• It was established in May 1971 to promote new areas of science and technology and to play the role of a nodal department for organising, coordinating and promoting Scientific and Technological activities in the country.
• Jitendra Singh is Minister of State (Independent Charge), while S. Chandrasekhar is its secretary.​​
• The Indian Institute of Science (IISc)
• The Indian Institute of Science is a public, deemed, research university for higher education and research in science, engineering, design, and management.
• It is located in Bengaluru, in the Indian state of Karnataka.
• The institute was established in 1909 with active support from Jamsetji Tata and thus is also locally known as the "Tata Institute".
• It is ranked among the most prestigious academic institutions in India and has the highest citation per faculty among all the universities in the world.
• It was granted the deemed to be university status in 1958 and the Institute of Eminence status in 2018.
• Centre for Development of Advanced Computing (C-DAC)
• ​The Centre for Development of Advanced Computing is an Indian autonomous scientific society, operating under the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology.
• Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY)
• The Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology is an executive agency of the Union Government of the Republic of India.
• It was carved out of the Ministry of Communications and Information Technology on 19 July 2016 as a standalone ministerial agency responsible for IT policy, strategy and development of the electronics industry.

The correct answer is 'Shailendra Singh'.

Key Points

• In September 2021, Indian biologist Shailendra Singh has been awarded the Behler Turtle Conservation Award 2021 for saving three 'critically endangered' turtle species from extinction.
• These species are the Red-crowned Roofed Turtle (Batagur tortoise), the Northern River Terrapin (Batagur basca), and the Black Softshell Turtle (Nilsonia nigricans).
• Red-crowned Roofed Turtle in Chambal; Northern River Terrapin in the Sundarbans; and the Black Softshell Turtle are being preserved in various temples of Assam.

Thus, the correct answer is Shailendra Singh.

Additional InformationBehler Turtle Conservation Award 2021

• The award is co-presented by four organizations namely Turtle Survival Alliance (TSA), IUCN/Species Survival Commission Turtle and Freshwater Turtle Expert Group (TFTSG), Turtle Conservancy (TC) and Turtle Conservation Fund (TCF).
• The award was established in 2006 by Anders Rodin and Rick Hudson.
• It is widely considered the "Nobel Prize" for turtle conservation and biology.
• For the first time in 2006, the award was presented to Edward O. Mol.

Important Points Let's have a look at other options:

• Gaiti Hasan
• ​Gayati Hasan is an Indian scientist who conducts research in the fields of molecular biology, genetics, neuroscience and cell signaling.
• Hasan is a member of the Indian National Academy of Sciences (INSA), the apex body of Indian scientific sciences and technologists.
• She is serving as Senior Professor at the National Center for Biological Sciences (NCBS), Bangalore.
• She received British Overseas Research Student Award.
• Veena Parnaik
• ​Veena Krishnaji Parnaik (born 1953) is an Indian cell biologist and principal scientist at the Center for Cellular and Molecular Biology.
• Dr. Pernaik has served on the Executive Committee of the Indian Institute of Cell Biology for several years (1991–1994, 2003–2005, and 2007–2009).
• She served as the Society's President from 2011 to 2013.
• In 2008, she was elected a member of the Indian Academy of Sciences in Bangalore and in 2011 he received the JC Bose Fellowship
• Samir K Brahmachari
• ​​​​​​​Sameer Kumar Brahmachari (born: 1 January 1952) has been the Director General of the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research of India(CSIR).
• His main contribution has been in functional genomics and molecular genetics of neurological and mental disorders.

The correct answer is 'Alexandre-Émile-Béguyer de Chancourtois'.

Key PointsAlexandre-Émile-Béguyer de Chancourtois

• The French geologist Alexandre-Émile Béguyer de Chancourtois was the first person to organise chemical elements by atomic weights.
• In 1862, he prepared an early form of the periodic table, which he named Vis tellurique(the 'telluric helix').
• He plotted a graph of the elements around a cylinder with a circumference of 16 units corresponding to the weight of oxygen (O).

Thus, the correct answer is Alexandre-Émile-Béguyer de Chancourtois.

Important Points Let's have a look at other options:

• John Newlands
• ​John Newland, an English scientist, classified the elements known at that time in ascending order of their atomic mass.
• At the time of Newland, the number of known elements was 56.
• He started the classification with the element hydrogen with the lowest atomic mass and ended the classification with thorium.
• He found that every eighth element has the same properties as the first element.
• He compared this classification to the octave of music and named it "The Law of Octaves".
• Newland's classification is known as "Newlands' Law of Octaves".
• Dmitri Mendeleev
• ​Demitri Ivanovich Mendeleev (8 February 1834 – 2 February 1907), was a Russian chemist and inventor.
• He proposed the periodic classification of elements.
• Mendeleev's classification of elements is called "Mendeleev's Periodic Table".
• Using this table, he also found out the properties of those elements which he could not discover till time.
• Johann Dobereiner
• In 1817, Johann Wolfgang Dobereiner, a German scientist, identified some groups of three elements with similar properties.
• The triad of groups of three elements is known as Dobereiner's triad.
• Wolfgang Dobereiner stated that the atomic mass of the middle element is approximately equal to the average of the atomic mass of the other two elements by placing the three elements of the triad in increasing order of their atomic mass.

The correct answer is 6%

Key Points

• Poverty entails more than the lack of income and productive resources to ensure sustainable livelihoods.
• Its manifestations include hunger and malnutrition, limited access to education and other basic services, social discrimination and exclusion as well as the lack of participation in decision-making.
• Poverty entails more than the lack of income and productive resources to ensure sustainable livelihoods.
• Its manifestations include hunger and malnutrition, limited access to education and other basic services, social discrimination and exclusion as well as the lack of participation in decision-making.

Additional Information

There are multiple types of poverty :

1. Situational poverty
2. Generational poverty
3. Absolute poverty
4. Relative poverty
5. Urban poverty
6. Rural poverty

Steps were taken to reduce poverty in India :

• Policies adopted in and after 1991 have helped in achieving Higher Economic Growth, which thus has helped in reducing poverty.
• Various Programs have been launched continuously, like Employment Generation Program, Income Support, Employment Guarantee (like MGNREGA) to eradicate poverty.
• Schemes for providing utilities like housing, electricity etc. to people to ease the financial expenditure of the poor households.
• Pradhan Mantri Aawas Yojana and Housing for All by 2022 Scheme to provide housing to the rural and urban poor is an example.
• Schemes for Empowering People: Indian Government’s latest schemes like Start-Up India and Stand Up India are about empowering people i.e. making people, self–sufficient, to earn their livelihood.

The correct answer is Amar Singh.

Key Points

• Maharana Amar Singh I^st was the eldest son and successor of Maharana Pratap. He was the 13^th Ruler of the Mewar dynasty of Sisodiya Rajputs.
• Amar Singh of Mewar, submitted before Jahangir in 1615 A.D.
• Maharana Pratap's son Karan Singh was made Mansabdar in the Mughal court.
• The Treaty of 1615 put an end to a nearly century-long conflict between two renowned governing lineages.

Additional Information

Jagat Singh :

• Maharana Jagat Singh was the 57^th ruler of Mewar and succeeded Maharana Karan Singh II.
• He is known to be the greatest builder of the Mewar dynasty.
• Jagat Singh’s reign was spent entirely on the development of the art and architecture of Mewar.

Karan Singh :

• Karan Singh was the successor to Rana Amar Singh and was crowned king of Mewar in 1620.
• As a part of the treaty between Rana Amar Singh and Jahangir in 1615, Karan Singh, as the crown prince became a part of the Mughal council.
• A man of vision, Maharana Karan Singh began rebuilding his capital. He added many rooms, courtyards and halls to the City Palace. He constructed the Zenana Mahal (Palace of the Queens).

Udai Singh :

• Udai Singh I^st was the Rana (1468–1473) of the Mewar Kingdom.
• He was the son of Rana Kumbha. He ruled for a small span of 5 years.

The correct answer is Collapse earthquake.

Key Points

• Collapse Earthquakes are kinds of earthquakes that are generally smaller and most commonly occur near underground mines.
• They are sometimes referred to as mine bursts.
• Collapse earthquakes are instigated by the pressure generated within the rocks.
• This kind of earthquake leads to the collapse of the roof of the mine instigating more tremors.

Additional Information

Explosion Earthquake :

• Explosion earthquakes are directly related to volcanic events, and they occur with volcanic explosions.
• Each explosion produces an earthquake; a seismic record is commonly accompanied by an acoustic signal.
• Therefore, the monitoring of explosion earthquakes allows the monitoring or reconstruction of explosive volcanic activity.

Tectonic Earthquake :

• Tectonic earthquakes are produced by sudden movement along faults and plate boundaries.
• Earthquakes induced by rising lava or magma beneath active volcanoes are called volcanic earthquakes.
• Earthquakes occur along fault lines, cracks in Earth's crust where tectonic plates meet.
• They occur where plates are subducting, spreading, slipping, or colliding.

Volcanic Earthquake :

• Earthquakes induced by rising lava or magma beneath active volcanoes are called volcanic earthquakes.
• Most earthquakes directly beneath a volcano are caused by the movement of magma.
• The magma exerts pressure on the rocks until it cracks the rock. Then the magma squirts into the crack and starts building pressure again.
• Every time the rock cracks it makes a small earthquake.

The correct answer is the Government of India Act, 1858

Key Points

• Government of India Act 1858 was also known as 'Act for the Good Government of India'.
• It ended the Dual government scheme initiated due to Pitt's India act.
• This act also ended the doctrine of lapse.
• The powers of the Company’s Court of Directors were vested with the Secretary of State for India.
• This Secretary of State was to be a British MP and a member of the Prime Minister’s cabinet. He was to be assisted by a council of 15 members.
• The representative of the British government in India was the Viceroy.

Additional Information

Government of India Act, 1919 :

• Scheme of constitutional reforms also known as the Montagu-Chelmsford (or Mont-Ford) Reforms, which led to the enactment of the Government of India Act of 1919.
• The Act introduced reforms at the Central as well as Provincial levels of Government.
• Bicameral Legislature: The Act introduced bicameral legislature; the Lower House or Central Legislative Assembly and the Upper House or Council of State.
• The Act introduced a diarchy (rule of two individuals/parties) for the executive at the level of the provincial government.
• Subjects were divided into two lists: ‘reserved’ and ‘transferred’.
• The Secretary Of State for India and the Governor General could interfere in respect of reserved subjects while in respect of the transferred subjects, the scope for their interference was restricted.

Charter Act, 1833 :

• The Charter Act of 1833 was passed in the British Parliament which renewed the East India Company's charter for another 20 years.
• This was also called the Government of India Act 1833 or the Saint Helena Act 1833.
• The company's commercial activities were closed down.
• It elevated the Governor General of Bengal as Governor General of India and consolidated and centralized the administration of India.

Indian Council Act, 1861 :

• The Indian Councils Act 1861 was introduced by Lord Canning.
• The main objective of this Act was to create a council that is institutionalized and includes Indians.
• Through this Act, The British planned on seeking support from Indians.

The correct answer is Broad money

Key Points

• Broad money is a category for measuring the amount of money circulating in an economy.
• It is defined as the most inclusive method of calculating a given country's money supply.
• Central banks tend to keep tabs on broad money growth to help forecast inflation.
• Central banks often look at broad money, alongside narrow money, to set monetary policy.

Additional Information

• The value of the currency depreciates as inflation rises. This is why the RBI keeps track of money supply by categorizing it as ‘reserve money,’ ‘narrow money,’ and ‘broad money.
• Money supply refers to the total amount of money in circulation among the general population at any one moment. M1, M2, M3, and M4 are the four money supply measurements released by the RBI.
• M1 includes money in circulation plus checkable deposits in banks.
• M2 includes M1 plus savings deposits and money market mutual funds.
• M3 includes M2 plus large-time deposits in banks.
• M0 includes the narrowest forms, and M4 includes the broadest forms – M0/M1/M2/M3/M4.

The correct answer is Direct.

Key Points

• The quantity theory of money states that money supply and price level in an economy are in direct proportion to one another.
• The larger the quantum of transactions, the bigger the amount of money demanded.
• Since the quantum of transactions relies upon earning, it should be lucid that a rise in income leads to a rise in the demand for money.
• Particularly, when interest rates rise, people become less focused on stockpiling money since holding money leads to getting fewer interest-earning deposits. Thus, they receive less interest. Hence, the demand for money decreases at high-interest rates.

Additional InformationSupply and Demand of Money as per Quantity Theory of Money :

• According to the quantity theory of money, if the amount of money in the economy gets doubled then the price level also doubles.
• It means that the customers will have to pay twice as much for the same amount of goods and services.
• This drastic increase in the price levels will result in a rising inflation level.
• A measure of the rate of the rising prices of goods as well as of the services in an economy is known as inflation.

The correct answer is Direct Tax rate cut.

Key Points

• Monetary policy refers to the policy of the central bank with regard to the use of monetary instruments under its control to achieve the goals specified in the Act.
• The primary objective of the RBI’s monetary policy is to maintain price stability while keeping in mind the objective of growth.
• Price stability is a necessary precondition to sustainable growth.

Additional Information

Repo Rate :

• The interest rate at which the Reserve Bank provides liquidity to banks against the collateral of government and other approved securities under the liquidity adjustment facility (LAF).
• It is a monetary policy used by RBI to control interest rates in the economy.

CRR :

• The cash reserve ratio (CRR) is the percentage of a bank's total deposits that it needs to maintain as liquid cash.
• This is an RBI requirement, and the cash reserve is kept with the RBI.
• A bank does not earn interest on this liquid cash maintained with the RBI and neither can it use this for investing and lending purposes.

OMO :

• Open market operations (OMO) refers to a central bank buying or selling short-term Treasuries and other securities in the open market in order to influence the money supply.
• The objective of OMO is to regulate the money supply in the economy.
• RBI carries out the OMO through commercial banks and does not directly deal with the public.

The correct answer is Karnal

Key Points

• ICAR - Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research is located in Karnal, Haryana.
• IIWBR's mission is to ensure food security in India by enhancing the productivity and profitability of wheat and barley on an ecologically and economically sustainable basis and by making India the world leader in wheat production.

Additional Information

The Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR):

• ICAR is the apex body for coordinating, guiding, and managing research and education in agriculture.
• Formerly known as the Imperial Council of Agricultural Research, it was established on 16 July 1929 as a registered society under the Societies Registration Act, 1860 in pursuance of the report of the Royal Commission on Agriculture.
• The Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) is an autonomous organisation under the Department of Agricultural Research and Education (DARE), Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare, Government of India.
• The ICAR has its headquarters in New Delhi.

The correct answer is Membership based on Caste

Key Points

• Raja Ram Mohan Roy founded Brahmo Sabha in 1828, which was later renamed as Brahmo Samaj.
• Its chief aim was the worship of the eternal God.
• It was against priesthood, rituals and sacrifices.
• It focused on prayers, meditation and reading of the scriptures.
• It believed in the unity of all religions.

 Additional Information

Raja Ram Mohan Roy:

• Raja Ram Mohan Roy was the father of Modern India’s Renaissance and a tireless social reformer who inaugurated the age of enlightenment and liberal reformist modernization in India.
• Ram Mohan Roy was given the title of ‘Raja’ by the titular Mughal Emperor of Delhi, Akbar II.
• He believed in the social equality of all human beings and thus was a strong opposer of the caste system.
• In 1814, he founded Atmiya Sabha in Calcutta to campaign against idolatry, caste rigidities, meaningless rituals and other social ills.
• He was well known for his pioneering thought and action on the emancipation of women and especially on the abolition of Sati and Widow remarriage.

The correct answer is Jute

Key Points

• Jute is a Natural Fibre with a golden, soft, long, and silky shine.
• It is the Cheapest Fibre procured from the skin of the plant’s stem.
• Because of its colours and high cash value, Jute is known as a golden fibre. Hence, the Golden Fibre Revolution in India is related to jute production.
• West Bengal accounts for almost 50% of the country’s total jute production.
• Other major jute-producing regions in the country include Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Assam, Meghalaya, and Orissa.

Additional InformationHemp :

• Hemp is a natural plant fiber. It is a bast fiber, which means it comes from the stem of a plant.
• Hemp is used to making a variety of commercial and industrial products, including rope, textiles, clothing, shoes, food, paper, bioplastics, insulation, and biofuel.

Cotton :

• Cotton is a seed-hair fiber made mostly of cellulose.
• Cotton is also known as white gold.
• Gujarat is the largest producer of cotton in India.

Silk :

• Silk is the strongest natural protein fiber composed mainly of Fibroin.
• Silk is a shimmering textile known for its satin texture and famous for being a luxurious fabric.
• The most common silk is produced from silkworms which are small creatures that mostly live on mulberry leaves.

The correct answer is Sher Khan.

Key Points

• The Battle of Chausa took place between Mughal Emperor Humayun and Sher Shah Suri (The title of “ Sher khan” was given to him for saving the life of the king of Bihar from a tiger) on June 26, 1539.
• Sher Shah Suri defeated the Mughal emperor Humayun and assumed the royal title of Farid al-Din Sher Shah.
• Chausa has located in modern-day Bihar.
• Sher Shah Suri was the founder of the Suri Empire.
• He had introduced the rupee/rupiah currency.

Additional Information

The Battle of Kannauj:

• The Battle of Kannauj took place at Kannauj, Uttar Pradesh, between Sher Shah Suri and Humayun on May 17, 1540.
• This battle is also known as the battle of Bilgram, Humayun was defeated by Sher Shah Suri in the battle.
• After this battle, The state of Delhi and Agra came under the power of Sher Shah.

Kamran Mirza:

• Kamran Mirza was the second son of Babur, the founder of the Mughal Empire and the first Mughal Emperor.
• He was half-brother to Babur's eldest son Humayun, who would go on and inherit the Mughal throne, but he was full-brother to Babur's third son, Askari.
• A divan written in Persian and Chagatai is attributed to him.

Rana Sanga:

• Sangram Singh I, popularly known as Rana Sanga or Maharana Sanga, was an Indian ruler from the Sisodia dynasty.
• He was ruled in Mewar.
• The Battle of Khanwa was a decisive engagement between the Mughal forces under Babur and the Rajput alliance under Rana Sanga of Mewar.
• The battle was fought on 16 March 1527.

The correct answer is Sulfur Dioxide

Key Points

• Sulfur dioxide or sulphur dioxide is the chemical compound with the formula SO₂.
• It is a toxic gas responsible for the smell of burnt matches.
• It is released naturally by volcanic activity and is produced as a by-product of copper extraction and the burning of sulfur-bearing fossil fuels.
• Sulphur dioxide is a preservative commonly used in a variety of foods and beverages including dried fruits, pickled vegetables, sausages, fruit and vegetable juices, cider, vinegar, wine, etc

Additional InformationPotassium hydroxide :

• Potassium Hydroxide is an odourless, white, or slightly yellow, flakey, or lumpy solid which is often in a water solution.
• It is used in making soap, as an electrolyte in alkaline batteries and in electroplating, lithography, and paint and varnish removers.
• Potassium hydroxide is considered to be safe for its indicated use in skincare and cosmetic formulations.

Copper Sulphate :

• Copper sulfate is an inorganic compound that combines sulfur with copper.
• It can kill bacteria, algae, roots, plants, snails, and fungi.
• The toxicity of copper sulfate depends on the copper content. Copper is an essential mineral which can be found in the environment, foods, and water.
• Copper sulfate is used as a fungicide, algaecide, root killer, and herbicide in both agriculture and non-agricultural settings.
• It is also used as an antimicrobial and molluscicide.

Sodium bicarbonate :

• Sodium bicarbonate is commonly known as baking soda or bicarbonate of soda.
• It is used to relieve heartburn, sour stomach, or acid indigestion by neutralizing excess stomach acid.
• Sodium bicarbonate is a salt that breaks down to form sodium and bicarbonate in water. This makes a solution alkaline, meaning it's able to neutralize the acid.

The correct answer is Judiciary

Key Points

• The Ilbert Bill was a legislative act introduced in 1883 during the tenure of Viceroy Ripon.
• The Ilbert bill was introduced with the primary objective of giving power to Indian judges and magistrates to exercise or preside over the cases involving the British subjects in India.
• This bill created an uproar among the British folk who were present in India and also in Britain.
• And thus it was taken back and amended.

Additional Information

• Lord Ripon remained India’s Viceroy from 1880-84. He is known for many reforms in the internal administration of India.

Some of the reforms brought by him are :

• The Vernacular Press Act was repealed in 1882.
• A Resolution in 1882 set off the institution of local self-government in India.
• Hunter Commission came in 1882 for the purpose of education reforms.
• The age for entry into the Civil Services was once again raised to 21 years.
• The First factory Act was enacted in 1881.
• Introduction of Ilbert Bill in a severely compromised state.
• He was the founder of local self-government in modern India and was fondly called “Ripon, the Good”.

The correct answer is Ahom.

• Ahom, an extinct language once spoken in Assam has a considerable amount of literature.
• The Ahom people established the Ahom kingdom and ruled parts of the Brahmaputra river valley in the present-day Indian state of Assam between the 13^th and the 18^th centuries.
• The language was the court language of the kingdom, until it began to be replaced by the Assamese language in the 17^th century.

The correct answer is Soap Solution is Basic

Key Points

• Turmeric compound is a naturally occurring yellow colour compound.
• It is an acid-base indicator.
• Turmeric compound remains yellow when acid or neutral solutions are added to it.
• When basic solutions such as sodium hydroxide are added to it, the solution turns pinkish-red.

Additional Information

• pH is defined as the negative logarithm of H+ ion concentration.
• Any material with a pH value between 0 and 7 is known to be acidic while a pH value between 7 and 14 is a base.
• Lemon juice, vinegar, 0.1 M HCl, or any concentration of an acid in water are examples of acidic solutions.
• Examples of common basic solutions include soap or detergent dissolved in water or solutions of sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, or sodium carbonate.
• The strength of acids and bases depends on the number of H+ and OH– ions produced. Acids furnishing more number of H+ ions are known to be strong acids and vice versa.

The correct answer is Nuclear Fusion is the source of energy of the Sun

Key Points

• Solar energy is created by nuclear fusion that takes place in the sun.
• Fusion occurs when protons of hydrogen atoms violently collide in the sun's core and fuse to create a helium atom.
• This process, known as a PP (proton-proton) chain reaction, emits an enormous amount of energy.

Additional Information

• Nuclear fusion is a reaction in which two or more atomic nuclei are combined to form one or more different atomic nuclei and subatomic particles.
• The process releases energy because the total mass of the resulting single nucleus is less than the mass of the two original nuclei. The leftover mass becomes energy.
• Nuclear fission is a reaction in which the nucleus of an atom splits into two or smaller nuclei.
• All nuclear power plants use nuclear fission, and most nuclear power plants use uranium atoms.
• During nuclear fission, a neutron collides with a uranium atom and splits it, releasing a large amount of energy in the form of heat and radiation.

The correct answer is 1881

Key Points

• The first complete census of an Indian city was conducted in 1830 by Henry Walter in Dacca (now Dhaka).
• First Non-synchronous Census was conducted in India in 1872 during the reign of Governor-General Lord Mayo.
• First Synchronous Census was taken under British rule on February 17, 1881, by W.C. Plowden (Census Commissioner of India).
• Since then, censuses have been undertaken uninterruptedly once every ten years.

Additional Information

• Population Census is the total process of collecting, compiling, analyzing and disseminating demographic, economic and social data pertaining, at a specific time, to all persons in a country.
• The decennial Census is conducted by the Office of the Registrar General and Census Commissioner, Ministry of Home Affairs.
• The population census is a Union subject under Article 246 of the Indian Constitution.
• It is listed as serial number 69 of the seventh schedule of the constitution.

The correct answer is Right to Equality

Key Points

• Article 18 of the constitution refers to the abolition of titles.
• It is under the Right to Equality.
• Right to Equality (Articles 14 - 18) provides for the equal treatment of everyone before the law, prevents discrimination on various grounds, treats everybody as equals in matters of public employment, and abolishes untouchability, and titles
• The hereditary titles of nobility conferred by colonial States, such as Maharaja, Raj Bahadur, Rai Bahadur, Rai Saheb, Dewan Bahadur, and so on, are prohibited by Article 18 because they violate the principle of equal status for all.

Additional Information

Cultural and Educational Rights :

• The Cultural and Educational Rights are provided under Article 29 and Article 30.
• These articles upheld the individual's right to protect their distinct language, script, and culture.
• It also provides protection against state-sponsored discrimination on the ground of religion, race, caste, and language.

Right to Constitutional Remedies :

• The Right to Constitutional Remedies is considered to be the most important fundamental right because it ensures the protection of our fundamental rights.
• It helps the citizens in moving court in case of violation of their fundamental rights.
• This right comes under article 32 for the Supreme court and article 226 for the high court.

Right against Exploitation :

• The Right against Exploitation is enshrined in Articles 23 and 24 of the Indian Constitution.
• The Right against exploitation prohibits all types of forced labour, child labour and trafficking of people.
• It protects both the citizens and the non-citizens against exploitation.

The correct answer is Right to Property

Key Points

• The 44^th Amendment of 1978 removed the right to property from the list of fundamental rights.
• A new article namely 300A was inserted and titled Right to Property.
• Thus, Article 300A requires the state to follow due procedure and authority of law to deprive a person of his or her private property.
• It is a Legal right after the 44^th Amendment Act.

Additional Information

Right against exploitation :

• The Right against Exploitation is enshrined in Articles 23 and 24 of the Indian Constitution.
• These are important Fundamental Rights that guarantee every citizen protection from any kind of forced labour.
• It protects both the citizens and the non-citizens against exploitation. It protects individuals against the State as well as private citizens.

Right to freedom of religion :

• The Right to freedom of religion is mentioned under Articles 25 to 28 of the Constitution.
• The right to freedom of religion gives individuals the right to profess any religion of their choice.
• It also includes the freedom to change one's religion or beliefs.

Right to Constitutional Remedies :

• Constitutional remedies support the protection of fundamental rights and ensure that people whose fundamental rights have been violated can seek relief directly from the Supreme Court or different High Courts of India.
• This right comes under article 32 for the Supreme court and article 226 for the high court.

The correct answer is Tendrils

Key Points

• A tendril is a specialized stem, leaf or petiole with a threadlike shape used by climbing plants for support and attachment, as well as cellular invasion by parasitic plants.
• Tendrils help in climbing plants. Tendrils are touch-sensitive.
• They grow towards anything they come into contact with.
• Tendrils found in cucumber, pumpkins, grapevines, and watermelons are stem tendrils and that of a pea plant is a leaf tendril.

Additional Information

Spines :

• The spine is technically a modified, sharp-pointed leaf.
• Spines arose primarily as a mechanism to reduce water loss from leaves, most plants that have spines use them to protect themselves from hungry animals.

Thorns :

• Thorns are present in the axil of leaves or apex of the stem.
• These are the modified stems that perform the function of either defense or climbing. For example, Duranta, Bougainvillea, and Climbing rose.
• Thorns appear to protect the plant against herbivores.

Pulvini :

• A pulvinus (pl. pulvini) is a joint-like thickening at the base of a plant leaf or leaflet that facilitates growth-independent movement.
• Pulvinus is responsible for the change in the orientation or position of the leaf.
• Pulvinus changes its orientation by losing water in it or by gaining water.
• Pulvinus also enables the folding of leaves when someone or something touches the leaves, in some plants.

Given:

\(\left(\frac{12}{5}\right)^{-2} \times \frac{16}{5} \times\left(\frac{5}{12}\right)^{0} \)

Concept used:

x^-1 = \(\dfrac{1}{x}\)

x⁰ = 1

Calculations:

\(\left(\frac{12}{5}\right)^{-2} \times \frac{16}{5} \times\left(\frac{5}{12}\right)^{0} \)

= \(\left(\frac{5}{12}\right)^{2} \times \frac{16}{5} \times\left(\frac{5}{12}\right)^{0} \)

= \(\dfrac{25}{144}\) × \(\dfrac{16}{5}\) × 1

= \(\dfrac{5}{9}\)

∴ The answer is \(\dfrac{5}{9}\)

Given:

The average of the first ten natural numbers is x.

The average of squares of the first five natural numbers is y

Formula used:

Average of first n natural numbers = \(\dfrac{(n +1 )}{2}\)

Sum of squares of first n natural numbers = \(\dfrac{n(n + 1)(2n + 1)}{6}\)

Calculations:

For first case, n = 10,

Average of first 10 natural numbers(x) = \(\dfrac{10 + 1}{2}\)

x = \(\dfrac{11}{2}\) = 5.5

For second case, n = 5,

Sum of squares of first 5 natural numbers(y) = \(\dfrac{5( 5 +1 )( 2 × 5 + 1)}{6}\)

y = \(\dfrac{5 × 6 × 11}{6}\)

y = 55

Now, average of five numbers = \(\dfrac{55}{5}\) = 11 = y

x + y = 5.5 + 11 = 16.5

∴ The answer is 16.5

Shortcut Trick

Directly rationalize the denominators by identifying the difference of squares:

⇒ 2 / (√5 + √3) = √5 − √3 (since 5 − 3 = 2, cancelling the numerator)

⇒ 3 / (√6 − √3) = √6 + √3 (since 6 − 3 = 3, cancelling the numerator)

⇒ 1 / (√6 + √5) = √6 − √5 (since 6 − 5 = 1, cancelling the numerator)

⇒ Sum = (√5 − √3) + (√6 + √3) + (√6 − √5) = 2√6

∴ The correct answer is 2√6.

Alternate Method

Given Expression:

2 / (√5 + √3) + 3 / (√6 − √3) + 1 / (√6 + √5)

Formula Used:

Rationalization using the algebraic identity: (a + b)(a − b) = a² − b²

Calculation:

⇒ Let us simplify each term separately by rationalizing its denominator.

⇒ First term: 2 / (√5 + √3)

⇒ Multiply numerator and denominator by (√5 − √3)

⇒ [2 × (√5 − √3)] / [(√5)² − (√3)²]

⇒ [2 × (√5 − √3)] / (5 − 3)

⇒ [2 × (√5 − √3)] / 2 = √5 − √3

⇒ Second term: 3 / (√6 − √3)

⇒ Multiply numerator and denominator by (√6 + √3)

⇒ [3 × (√6 + √3)] / [(√6)² − (√3)²]

⇒ [3 × (√6 + √3)] / (6 − 3)

⇒ [3 × (√6 + √3)] / 3 = √6 + √3

⇒ Third term: 1 / (√6 + √5)

⇒ Multiply numerator and denominator by (√6 − √5)

⇒ [1 × (√6 − √5)] / [(√6)² − (√5)²]

⇒ (√6 − √5) / (6 − 5)

⇒ (√6 − √5) / 1 = √6 − √5

⇒ Now, substitute all the simplified values back into the original expression:

⇒ (√5 − √3) + (√6 + √3) + (√6 − √5)

⇒ Re-arranging the terms:

⇒ √5 − √5 − √3 + √3 + √6 + √6

⇒ 2√6

∴ The correct answer is 2√6.

Additional Information

Rationalization of Surds

To rationalize a denominator of the form √a + √b, always multiply both the numerator and the denominator by its conjugate, which is √a − √b.

Algebraic Identity for Squares

The fundamental identity used in the rationalization of surds is (x + y)(x − y) = x² − y². Applying this to square roots gives (√a + √b)(√a − √b) = a − b.

Simplification Rules

Always follow standard BODMAS operations and group like terms (similar surds) together to efficiently add or subtract them at the final step.

Given:

\(\dfrac{(3.25)^{3}-(1.75)^{3}}{(3.25)^{2}+(1.75)^{2}+(3.25)(1.75)}\)

Formula used:

a³ - b³ = (a -b)(a² + b² + ab)

Calculations:

As we know, (3.25)³ - (1.75)³ = (3.25 - 1.75)(3.25² + 1.75² + 3.25 × 1 75)

\(\dfrac{(3.25)^{3}-(1.75)^{3}}{(3.25)^{2}+(1.75)^{2}+(3.25)(1.75)}\) [putting the above value in this equation, then the common part from both numerator and denominator gets cancelled out]

\(\dfrac{(3.25 - 1.75)(3.252 + 1.752 + 3.25 × 1 75)}{(3.25)^{2}+(1.75)^{2}+(3.25)(1.75)}\)

= 3.25 - 1.75

= 1.5

∴ The answer is 1.5

Given:

Significant digits in 0.0689.

Concept used:

All non-zero numbers are always significant.All zeroes before a non zero number are insignificant.

All zeroes which are simultaneously to the right of the decimal point and at the end of the number are significant. The only non significant digit here is the zero before the decimal point.

Calculations:

As per the above concept, the significant digits of 0.0689 = 3.

∴ The answer is 3.

Given:

A grocer has a sale of ₹8,535, ₹8,927, ₹8,855, and ₹9,230 for 4 consecutive months.

Formula used:

Average = \(\dfrac{sum}{number}\)

Calculations:

Let the sale in fifth month be x.

As per question,

\(\dfrac{(8535 + 8927 + 8855 + 9230 + x)}{5}\) = 9102

(8535 + 8927 + 8855 + 9230 + x) = 9102 × 5

35547 + x = 45510

x = 45510 - 35547

x = 9963

∴ The answer is Rs. 9963.

Given:

Outer diameter of rubber ball = 22 inches.

Thickenss = 0.5 inches

Formula used:

Surface area of sphere = 4πr² [where, r is the radius of sphere]

Inner radius of sphere = outer radius - thickness

Diameter = 2 × radius

Calculations:

Outer diameter = 22

Outer radius = \(\dfrac{22}{2}\) = 11

Inner radius of rubber ball = 11 - 0.5 = 10.5 inches

Now, surface area of inner side of rubber ball = 4 × 3.14 × 10.5²

= 4 × 3.14 × 110.25

= 1384.74 sq. inches

∴ The answer is 1384.74 sq. inches.

Given:

One candidate secured 62% of total votes and won by 45600 votes.

Calculations:

Let total votes be 100x.

Out of which the one who secured 62% of total votes = 100x × 62% = 100x × \(\dfrac{62}{100}\) = 62x

Remaining votes = 100x - 62x = 38x

Won by 45600 votes,

62x - 38x = 45600

24x = 45600

x = \(\dfrac{45600}{24}\) = 1900

Total votes = 100x = 100 × 1900 = 190000.

∴ The answer is 190000.

Given:

Sphere of radius = 5 cm.

Smaller sphere radius = 0.5 cm.

Formula used:

Number of spheres can be made = \(\dfrac{volume \ of \ bigger \ sphere}{volume \ of \ small \ sphere}\)

Volume of bigger sphere = \(\dfrac{4}{3}\) × π × R³

Volume of smaller sphere = \(\dfrac{4}{3}\) × π × r³

Calculations:

Volume of bigger sphere = \(\dfrac{4}{3}\) × π × (5 × 5 × 5)

Volume of smaller sphere = \(\dfrac{4}{3}\) × π × (0.5 × 0.5 × 0.5)

Number of spheres can be made = \(\dfrac{(5 × 5 × 5)}{(0.5 × 0.5 × 0.5)}\) [common part gets cancelled out]

= \(\dfrac{125}{0.125}\)

= 1000.

∴ The answer is 1000.

Given:

Outer radius = 10 cm.

Thickness = 5 cm.

Formula used:

Volume = \(\dfrac{4}{3}\) × π × (outer radius³ - inner radius³)

π = 3.14

Calculations:

Inner radius = Outer radius - Inner radius = 10 - 5 = 5 cm

Volume = \(\dfrac{4}{3}\) × π × (10³ - 5³)

Volume = \(\dfrac{4}{3}\) × 3.14 × (1000 - 125)

Volume = \(\dfrac{4}{3}\) × 3.14 × 875 = 3666.7

∴ The answer is 3666.7 sq.cm.

Given:

Length of diagonal PR of square PQRS is 4.4 cm

Formula used:

Diagonal of square = a√2 units

Area of square = a² sq. units.

Calculations:

Diagonal = 4.4

a√2 = 4.4

a = \(\dfrac{4.4}{√2}\)

Area(a²) = \(\dfrac{4.4 × 4.4}{√2 × √2}\)

Area = \(\dfrac{4.4 × 4.4}{2}\)

Area = 2.2 × 4.4 = 9.68

∴ The answer is 9.68 sq.cm.

Given:

Marked price = Rs. 12000.

Two successive discounts = 20% and 10% each or successive discounts of 15% each.

Formula used:

Selling price = marked price - discount% on marked price

Single discount = x + y + \(\dfrac{xy}{100}\) [where, x and y are the two successive discounts]

Calculations:

For first case,

Single discount = - 20 - 10 + \(\dfrac{(-20)(-10)}{100}\)

Single discount = - 30 + 2 = - 28%

Now, selling price = 12000 - 12000 × 28%

= 12000 - 12000 × \(\dfrac{28}{100}\)

= 12000 - 3360

= Rs. 8640

For second case,

Single discount = - 15 - 15 + \(\dfrac{(-15)(-15)}{100}\)

Single discount = - 30 + 2.25

Single discount = 27.75%

Now, selling price = 12000 - 12000 × 27.75%

= 12000 - 12000 × \(\dfrac{27.75}{100}\)

= 12000 - 3330

= Rs. 8670. So, he saved = Rs. (8670 - 8640) = Rs. 30

∴ The answer is Rs. 30

Given:

Average of following numbers, 10, 8, 15, 27, 6, 24

Formula used:

Average = \(\dfrac{sum}{number}\)

Calculations:

Average = \(\dfrac{(10 + 8 + 15 + 27 + 6 + 24)}{6}\)

Average = \(\dfrac{90}{6}\) = 15

∴ The answer is 15.