DSSSB Junior Secretariat Assistant Official paper (Held on: 6 April 2022 Shift 3 ) (Previous Year Paper)

According to the given information:

• Z is the sister of Y.
• Y is married to M.
• M is the son of T.
• T is married to L.
• L is the mother of P.
• X is the mother of Y.
• J is the father of Z.

​From the above statements, the following diagram can be derived,

As we can see that T is the father of P. 

And gender of P can not be decided, that's why we are not using any symbol for that.

​Hence, the correct answer is **"**Father".

According to the given information:

• Pari is facing the North.
• She walks 3 m, takes a left turn, and walks 7 m.
• She takes a left turn and walks 7 m.
• She retakes a left turn and walks 4 m.

​So from the following, this diagram can be deduced,

 

As we can see from the diagram Pari is currently walking in the East direction.

Hence, the correct answer is "East".

According to the given information:

Given Equation :- A * B + C - D

• A is the son of B, B is the husband of C, and C is the daughter of D.

​​So, from the following information, this diagram can be deduced;

From the above diagram, we can see that A is the daughter's son of D.

Hence, the correct answer is "Daughter's son".

According to given information,

• D is taller than C.

• C is taller than A.

• E is the shortest among the group.

• ​B is taller than exactly one person. That means, B is taller than only one person.

​

From the diagram, C is the second tallest.

Hence, the correct answer is "C".

According to the given information:-

We can see that the shaded part denotes the number of women who are married, have children, as well as are doctors = 15 + 3 = 18. 

That is given as "18".

Hence, the correct answer is "18".

According to the given information:

• Symbols are preceded by an Alphabet and followed by a number.
• W @ 4
• T % 9
• K ≠ 2
• S Ʊ 8
• ​All symbols follow the same pattern except $.
• ​2 $ T
• ​2(Number) $ T(Alphabet)
• $ is preceded by a number and followed by an alphabet.

Hence, the correct answer is "$"$.

According to the given information:

Given word - LANGUAGE.

• Forward pair - L N
• reverse pair-  E L:

Here 2 pairs are there in word  LANGUAGE.

​Hence, the correct answer is "Two".

According to the given information

Given word - TELEPHONE.

• When the alphabets are arranged according to the English alphabetical order.
• TELEPHONE→ EEEHLNOPT

As we can see E and O don't change their position.

​Hence, the correct answer is "2".

The logic followed here is:

• The vowels in the first word are kept as they are.
• Each consonant are decreased by -2.

REASON is related to PEAQOL.

COLOUR is related to AOJOUP.

Similarly,

​STRIVE is related to,

​Hence, the correct answer is "QRPITE".

the logic followed here is:

As we can see the code for "water" is "ef".

​Hence, the correct answer is "ef".

Given

Statement:

S ≥ T = O > C > K

According to the given information,

S is greater than or equal to T, T is equal to O, O is greater than C, and C is greater than K.

Conclusions:

I. K < S →True (In this conclusion, there are four symbols >, ≥  nd = in between S and K. So, this will be sufficient for this conclusion to be true).

II. C = S → False ( We need only = symbol from C to S for this conclusion to be true and < and ≤ symbols are also there, that's why option 2^nd is false ).

Hence, the correct answer is "Only I is true".

The logic followed here is,

• All the letters are opposite to each other.

OFFLINE is written as LUUORMV.

Similarly,

• ONLINE be written as,

Hence, the correct answer is "LMORMV ".

According to the given information:

• The bottom-most step is numbered 1 and the top-most step is numbered 6.
• Exams for Class 5 are being conducted on the floor above Class 6 but below the floor of Class 7.
• Class 9 exams are being conducted on the floor below Class 6.

​

• On the top-most floor, Class 10 exams are being conducted.
• Class 8 exams are being conducted on the bottom-most floor.

​

As the diagram suggests, class 9 exams are being conducted on the 2^nd floor.

Hence, the correct answer is "Second floor".

According to given information,

• Dev walks 5 m towards the East and takes a right turn.
• Then he walks 7 m.
• He takes a right turn again and walks 9 m.
• Again, he takes a right turn and walks 2 m.
• Finally, he takes a right turn and walks 4 m.

This diagram can be deducted,

​Hence, the correct answer is "5 m".

Given

Statement:

J ≥ Q > R ≤ S = T > U 

According to the given information,

J is greater than or equal to Q, Q is greater than R, R is less than or equal to S, S is equal to T, and T is greater than U.

Conclusions :

I. J > R → True (In this conclusion, there are three symbols >, ≥​ and = in between U and X. So, this will be sufficient for this conclusion to be true ).

II. U < S → True (In this conclusion, there are three symbols < and = in between U and X. So, this will be sufficient for this conclusion to be true ).

Hence, the correct answer is "Both I and II are true ".

According to the given information,

• Each vowel in the word MUNDANE is changed to the letter immediately following it in the English alphabetical order.
• The word will become → MVNDBNF.
• The third letter from the right is B.

​

​Hence, the correct answer is "B".

The logic followed here is:

• The vowels in the first word are kept as they are.

• Every consonant is decreased by -2.

• LOYALTY is related to JOWAJRW.

• MINERAL is related to KILEPAJ.

• The vowels in the first word are kept as they are.

• Other letters are decreased by -2.

​Similarly,

• ORGANIC is related to ?

 

Hence, the correct answer is "OPEALIA".

The least possible diagram is as follows,

Conclusions:

(I) Some eggplants are ice. → False (There is no direct relation between Eggplant and ice, so it may be possible but not definite, hence, false).

(II) Some burrows are eggplants. → False (There is no direct relation between Eggplant and Burrows, so it may be possible but not definite, hence, false)

(III) Some eggplants are not ice. → False (There is no direct relation between Eggplant and ice, so it may be possible but not definite, hence, false).

Here "some and some not" is not a complementary pair so either or does not follow.

Hence, the correct answer is "None follows".

Important Points

Conditions of Either-or case:

1. Individually both the conclusions should be false.
2. One conclusion should be positive and one conclusion should be negative (Complementary pair)

The two complementary pairs are:

1. All + Some not

2. No + Some

According to the given information:

A, L, I, and E are the common alphabets in the letters.

Thus their codes are repeated.

The possible codes are;

As we can see there are different possibilities of codes for A, L, I, and E.

Only 4 is constant code for V; 

So, '4' will be the code for V.

Hence, the correct answer is "4".

According to the given information,

• Swetha and Rinky are twins.
• Swetha's brother is Raghav.
• Ananya is the wife of Raghav.
• Rinky's mother is Mrudula.
• Swetha's husband is Arnav.
• Arnav's daughter is Riya.

​The following diagram can be deduced,

As the diagram suggests Riya is the daughter of Swetha and Mridula is the mother of Swetha.

Thus Mridula is mother's mother of Riya.

Hence, the correct answer is "Mother's mother".

In figure A and B

In figure C and D

Hence, "Option 3" is the correct answer.

Check all the options:

Option 1: 

The back side is curved and embossed in the figure. 

Option 2: 

The back side is compressed in the figure.

Option 3: 

The back side is curved and embossed in the figure. 

Option 4: 

The back side is curved and embossed in the figure.

Hence, "Option 2" is the correct answer.

The logic is here is,

(1^st number)³ + 1 = 2^nd number

Given:

2 is related to 9

=> 2³ + 1 = 8 + 1 = 9

And,

3 is related to 28

=> 3³ + 1 = 27 + 1 = 28

Similarly,

5 is related to

=> 5³ + 1 = 125 + 1 = 126

Hence, “126” is the correct answer.

The embedded part of this image is:

Hence, option (3) is the correct answer.

Table show alphabet serial number –

The pattern followed is,

1)  PLV ∶ FQK 

2)  ZNK ∶ PMA 

3)  WSP ∶ KHD 

4)  SJG ∶ TQH 

All follow the same pattern, except 'PLV ∶ FQK’.

Hence, “PLV ∶ FQK” is the correct answer.

The positions of the letters according to the English alphabet series:

The pattern for this code is as follows;

The first letter is increased by 5.

The second letter is increased by 7.

Sum of positional values + 10 = Number 

In first term:

R = 18, N = 14, 

(18 + 14) + 10 = 32 + 10 = 42

In second term:

W = 23, U = 21, 

(23 + 21) + 10 = 44 + 10 = 54

In third term:

B = 2, B = 2, 

(2 + 2) + 10 = 4 + 10 = 14

In fourth term:

G = 7, I = 9, 

(7 + 9) + 10 = 16 + 10 = 26 ≠ 28

In fifth term:

L = 12, P = 16, 

(12 + 16) + 10 = 28 + 10 = 38

Hence, "GI28" is the correct answer.

The table is alphabets place value:

The pattern followed here is:

BY 2 is related to DW 4

And,

FU 6 is related to HS 8

Similarly,

JQ 10 related to

Hence, 'JQ10' is related to "LO12".

The pattern followed here is,

Let (1^st number : 2^nd number)

(√ 1^st number + 2)² = 2^nd number

Now follow the steps:

169 ∶ 225

=> (**√**169 + 2)² = (13 + 2)²= 15² = 225 = 2^nd number

Similarly,

256 ∶ ?

=> (√256 + 2)² = (16 + 2)²= 18² = 324 = 2^nd number

Hence, "324" is the correct answer.

The pattern followed here is:

Hence, '40' is the correct answer.

Now check all the options:

Option (1) 32 + 8 - 65 ÷ 40 × 5 = 139 

After signs of + and ÷ are interchanged.

=> 32 ÷ 8 - 65 + 40 × 5 = 139 

=> 4 - 65 + 40 × 5 = 139

=> 4 - 65 + 200 = 139

=> 204 - 65 = 139

=> 139 = 139 (LHS = RHS)

Option (2) 40 × 32 + 8 - 65 ÷ 5 = 139

After signs of + and ÷ are interchanged

=> 40 × 32 ÷ 8 - 65 + 5 = 139

=> 40 × 4 - 65 + 5 = 139

=> 160 - 65 + 5 = 139

=> 165 – 65 = 139

=> 100 = 139 (LHS ≠ RHS)

Option (3) 65 × 5 ÷ 40 - 32 + 8 = 362

After signs of + and ÷ are interchanged

=> 65 × 5 + 40 - 32 ÷ 8 = 362

=> 65 × 5 + 40 - 4 = 362

=> 325 + 40 - 4 = 362

=> 365 - 4 = 362

=> 361 = 362 (LHS ≠ RHS)

Option (4) 40 ÷ 32 × 8 - 65 + 5 = 280

After signs of + and ÷ are interchanged

=> 40 + 32 × 8 - 65 ÷ 5 = 280

=> 40 + 32 × 8 - 13 = 280

=> 40 + 256 - 13 = 280

=> 296 – 13 = 280

=> 283 = 280 (LHS ≠ RHS)

Hence, “Option(1)” is the correct answer.

The figure that will replace the question mark (?) in the following figure series is shown below:

Hence, ‘option 3’ is the correct answer.

The figure that will replace the question mark (?) in the following figure series is shown below:

The figure rotates in a clockwise direction and in every rotation one small circle increase

Every clockwise rotation one small circle increase

Final series is:

Hence, ‘option 4’ is the correct answer.

The logic followed here is:

Option 1) Dog-Anthill  → The place where dogs are kept are called Kennel or doghouse and place where ant is live is called anthill.

Option 2) Cow-Shed → A shed is a building where cows are kept or milked.

Option 3) Horse-Stable  → A stable is a building in which horses are kept.

Option 4) Rabbit-Burrow  → Rabbits live in burrows underground.

Hence, “Dog-Anthill” is an odd one.

The table is alphabets place value:

Given: QEL ∶ OCJ

Similarly,

Option(1): PIC ∶ NGA 

Hence, "Option (1)" is the correct answer.

The logic followed here is:

Option (1) 

 → All light leaf is in with pair.

Option (2) 

 → All light leaf is in with pair.

Option (3) 

→ All light leaf is not in with pair.

Option (4) 

→ All light leaf is in with pair.

All options are the same except Option (3).

Hence, “Option (3)” is an odd one.

The image obtained when the paper is unfolded is,

Hence, option 3 is the correct answer.

Decoding the information, 

Given:

(66 × 3 + 3 ÷ 3) - 0 ÷ 66 = ? 

After replacing the signs from left to right and using the BODMAS rule,

(66 ÷ 3 - 3 + 3) × 0 + 66

= (22 - 3 + 3) × 0 + 66

= (25 - 3) × 0 + 66

= 22 × 0 + 66

= 0 + 66

= 66

Hence, “66” is the correct answer.

The pattern followed here is:

Hence, '11' is the correct answer.

The shaded part represents the number of people like to travel by both bus and bike, but NOT by car.

The number of people like to travel by both bus and bike, but NOT by car = 12

Hence, ‘12’ is the correct answer.

The shaded part represents the number of persons who like to travel by only two type of vehicles out of Bus, Car and Bike.

The number of persons who like to travel by Bus and Car = 9

The number of persons who like to travel by Bus and Bike = 12

The number of persons who like to travel by Bike and Car = 10

The  number of persons who like to travel by only two type of vehicles out of Bus, Car and Bike = 9 + 12 + 10 = 31

Hence, ‘31’ is the correct answer.

The correct answer is Meghalaya 

Key Points

• The Wangala Festival is known as the "100 Drum Festival", a traditional festival in the northeastern Indian state of Meghalaya.
• A group of 30 dancers with 10 drums would form a group and 10 such groups will be there.
• Thus, a total of 100 drummers and 300 dancers make up what is now known as the “100 Drums Wangala Festival”.
• Every year the festival is celebrated for 3 days during the month of November.
• Ordinary Garo people pay gratitude and reverence to Missi Saljong or 'Pattigipa Ra'Rongipa' (Great Giver) for blessing humans with a prosperous harvest for the season.

Additional InformationMadhya Pradesh:

• The Bhagoria Festival is one of Madhya Pradesh's most widely celebrated festivals.
• It is a tribal festival that is celebrated by the Barela, Bhil, and Bhilala tribes of the state.

Sikkim:

• Sakewa is a religious festival celebrated by the Kirat Khambu Rai community of Sikkim.
• It is also known as the Bhoomi puja or Chandi puja (worship of mother earth).

Rajasthan:

• Pushkar Fair, Teej Festival, Gangaur Festival, Jaipur Literature Festival, Nagaur Fair, etc are the famous festivals of Rajasthan.

The correct answer is Indian Railways 

Key Points

• A state-owned enterprise in India is called a public sector undertaking (PSU) or a public sector enterprise.
• Those companies are owned by the union government of India or one of the many state or territorial governments or both.
• The Indian railway is the largest public sector in the country.

Important Points

• The Railways were first introduced by Lord Dalhousie in 1853.
• Indian Railways was nationalized in 1951.
• The New Delhi Railway Station has the world’s largest Route Relay Interlocking System.
• Indian Railways’ longest tunnel is Pir Panjal which links Kashmir Valley with Banihal in Jammu.
• The first woman driver of Indian Railways, Surekha Yadav drove all women-staffed Mumbai-Lucknow Special train on the occasion of International Women’s Day.
• Four sites of Indian Railways have been declared “World Heritage sites” by UNESCO. They are Darjeeling-Himalayan Railway, Nilgiri Mountain, Mumbai CST, and Kalka-Shimla Railways.

Additional InformationState Bank of India (SBI):

• SBI is a public sector financial institution and a multinational corporation.
• Indian government holds SBI and that’s SBI’s biggest shareholder with approximately 62 percent holding or equity funds in SBI.

Steel Authority of India Limited (SAIL):

• Steel Authority of India Limited (SAIL) is a government-owned steel producer based in New Delhi, India.
• It is under the ownership of the Ministry of Steel, Government of India.

​Oil and Natural Gas Corporation:

• ONGC is an Indian crude Oil and Gas multinational corporation and its head office is located in New Delhi, India.
• It is a public sector project which is under the administrative control of the Government of India’s Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas.
• In February 1994, ONGC was reconfigured as a limited enterprise under the Company Act, 1956.

The correct answer is Mercury 

Key Points

• Mercury (Hg) is a chemical element and the only common metal which is liquid at ordinary temperatures.
• Its chemical symbol (Hg) comes from hydrargyrum from the Greek word hydrargyros meaning 'water' and 'silver'.
• Mercury metal can be frozen and changed into a solid at a temperature of –38.85°C.
• It can be transformed into a gas when boiled at 365.6°C.
• The density of mercury is 13.59 grams per cubic centimeter.
• It has two physical properties of special interest.
• Very high surface tension.
• Very good conductor of electricity.

Additional InformationMercury

• Mercury is commonly known as quicksilver and is heavy, silvery-white liquid metal.
• It is a transition metal.
• As a chemical element, mercury cannot be created or destroyed.
• Mercury is used in thermometers, in making lights and batteries, and mercury changes when the temperature changes.

Acetone

• Acetone is a highly flammable organic compound.
• This organic solvent has a chemical formula C3H6O.
• It is also known as propanone.
• It is found in the exhaust from vehicles, plants, trees, and forest fires.
• It is also found in the human body usually present in urine and blood.
• Boiling Point - 56 °C
• Melting Point - (−94.7) °C

Water 

• Water is a colourless and transparent chemical substance.
• The chemical formula of water is  H2O.
• It is made up of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom which are held together by covalent bonds.
• 71% of the earth’s surface is made up of this liquid.
• Water freezes at 0° Celsius and at 100° Celsius water reaches its boiling point.

Alcohol

• Alcohols are those organic compounds characterised by one, two, or more hydroxyl groups (−OH) attached to the carbon atom in an alkyl group or hydrocarbon chain.
• These are used as an anti-freezing agent with a mixture of a solution containing ethylene glycol dissolved in water.
• Some alcohols are used as fuels in internal combustion engines like methanol.

The correct answer is Dr. Cyrus Poonawalla 

Key Points

• Cyrus Poonawalla Chairman of the Pune-based vaccine maker Serum Institute of India (SII) was awarded the Lokmanya Tilak National Award 2021.
• The award was given by Lokmanya Tilak Smarak Trust at Pune in the presence of Dr. Deepak J Tilak, President of Tilak Samrak Mandir, and former Union Minister Sushil Kumar Shinde.
• He has been awarded for his work during the COVID-19 pandemic, by manufacturing the Covishield vaccine.
• The Lokmanya Tilak national award is given annually since 1983 on August 1, the death anniversary of Lokmanya Tilak, by the Lokmanya Tilak Trust.

The correct answer is Muscular force.

Key Points

• The forces acting on a plastic bucket are:

1. Gravitational force
2. Muscular force

• Gravitational force is acting downwards, and muscular force is applied by the hands lifting the bucket upwards.
• Although these forces are acting on the bucket no change is found in its state of motion because the two forces are in the opposite direction & hence balancing each other. As a result net force is zero.
• This force is required whenever the movement of the body occurs. For example,

1. When we lie in a bucket of water, the force acting on the object is Muscular Force.
2. when you pick up a book on the table with your hands, you apply muscular force.

• The Muscular force is exerted by the Earth on every object, which is near or on its surface.

Additional Information

• Magnetic force is attraction, or repulsion that arises between electrically charged particles because of their motion**.**
• The frictional force is defined as the force generated by two surfaces that contact and slide against each other.
• The electrostatic force is defined as an attractive and repulsive force between particles are caused due to their electric charges.

The correct answer is a breakdown of carbohydrates into simple sugar 

Key Points

• Saliva plays an essential role in food perception and digestion.
• Saliva contains special enzymes that help digest the starch in your food.
• An enzyme called amylase breaks down starches (complex carbohydrates) into sugars, which your body can more easily absorb.
• Salivary amylase has been detected in the saliva of many omnivorous animals and a few herbivores.
• In contrast, obligate carnivores, such as cats, never have salivary amylase.
• Human salivary amylase activity is by far the highest among primates.

Additional Information

• Amylase is a digestive enzyme that acts on starch in food, breaking it down into smaller carbohydrate molecules.
• It is produced at two sites.
• First, salivary glands in the mouth make salivary amylase, which begins the digestive process by breaking down starch when the food is chewed.
• Cells in the pancreas make another type of amylase, called pancreatic amylase, which passes through a duct to reach the small intestine.
• Salivary amylase does not act on proteins, fats or nucleic acids.

The correct answer is Amazon

Key Points

• Amazon India said it will expand its regional language offering further with the launch of a voice shopping experience in Hindi.
• The e-commerce platform has also announced that customers can now access "Amazon.in" in Marathi and Bengali.
• In addition to the five previously available languages Hindi, English, Kannada, Malayalam, Tamil and Telugu.
• Since June 2020, Amazon has introduced seller registration and account management services in languages such as Hindi, Tamil, Kannada, Marathi, Telugu, Malayalam and Bengali.

Additional Information

Amazon:

• Amazon.com, Inc. is an American multinational technology company which focuses on e-commerce, cloud computing, digital streaming, and artificial intelligence.
• It has been referred to as "one of the most influential economic and cultural forces in the world", and is one of the world's most valuable brands.
• It is one of the Big Five American information technology companies, alongside Alphabet, Apple, Meta, and Microsoft.
• Founded - July 5, 1994
• Founder - Jeff Bezos
• Headquarters - Seattle, Washington and Arlington, Virginia, U.S.

Flipkart:

• Flipkart was founded in October 2007 by Sachin Bansal and Binny Bansal, alumni of the IIT, Delhi and former Amazon employees.
• The company initially focused on online book sales before expanding into other product categories such as consumer electronics, fashion, home essentials, groceries, and lifestyle products.

Walmart

• Walmart Inc. is an American multinational retail corporation that operates a chain of hypermarkets (also called supercenters), discount department stores, and grocery stores.
• Founded
• July 2, 1962
• Founder - Sam Walton
• Headquarters - Bentonville, Arkansas, U.S.

The correct answer is Birju Maharaj 

Key Points

Birju Maharaj 

• Brij Mohan Nath Mishra (popularly known as Pandit Birju Maharaj).
• One of India's most famous kathak dancers and favourite artists belonged to the Kalka-Bindadin Gharana of Lucknow, a classical Kathak dance form.
• He was born on February 4, 1938, in Lucknow.
• He was a guru, dancer, choreographer, singer, and composer.
• Pandit Birju Maharaj has won several honours and awards including the coveted Padma Vibhushan (1986).
• He has also been awarded the Kalidas Samman by the Government of Madhya Pradesh, the Soviet Land Nehru Award, Sangam Kala Award.
• In 2002, He was the recipient of the Lata Mangeshkar Puraskaar.
• Pandit Birju Maharaj has also been conferred with honorary Doctorate degrees from Banaras Hindu University and Khairagarh University.

Additional InformationGhulam Ali:

• Ustad Ghulam Ali is a Pakistani ghazal singer of the Patiala Gharana.
• Ghulam Ali was a disciple of Bade Ghulam Ali Khan
• Ghulam Ali is considered to be one of the best ghazal singers of his era.
• Many of his hit ghazals have been used in Bollywood movies.

Ajay Chakrabarty:

• Pandit Ajoy Chakrabarty is an Indian Hindustani classical vocalist, composer, lyricist and exponent of the Patiala-Kasur Gharana.
• He is considered to be one of the proverbial figures of Indian classical music. He has also dominated other major classical genres of India especially—Indore, Delhi, Jaipur, Gwalior, Agra, Kirana, Rampur and even Carnatic music in South India.
• He was given Padma Bhushan Award, the third highest civilian award in India in 2020.

Zakir Hussain:

• Zakir Hussain is an Indian tabla player, composer, percussionist, music producer and film actor.
• He is the eldest son of tabla player Alla Rakha.
• He was awarded the Padma Shri in 1988, and the Padma Bhushan in 2002, by the Government of India presented by President Abdul Kalam.
• He was also awarded the Sangeet Natak Akademi Award in 1990, given by the Sangeet Natak Academy

The correct answer is December 

Key PointsThe Ministry of Culture informed the Lok Sabha about its plan to inaugurate new museums on Jammu and Kashmir, Gautam Buddha, Indian armour, and the freedom struggle by December 2021.

Museum on Jammu and Kashmir(J&K):

• It will be set up at a cost of Rs. 13 crores in the capital.
• It will capture the essence and spirit of Jammu, Kashmir, and Ladakh as an integral part of the nation, since ages as Bharat, Hindustan and India.

Museum on Freedom Struggle:

• It will narrate the story of the country’s freedom struggle in an interactive manner.
• It will provide more emphasis on the unheard stories of people’s participation in India’s freedom movement representing the contribution of all regions.

Museum on Gautam Buddha:

• Will focus on the religious and traditional aspects of Buddhist heritage in India.
• Around 200 archaeological objects like stone and bronze sculptures, terracotta heads and costumes will be there in the Museum.

The correct answer is Option 1

This statement is NOT an objective of (RSETIs) i.e., Escort services will not be provided for at least for two years soon to ensure the sustainability of micro-enterprises trainees

Key Points

• A new initiative was tried jointly by Sri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara Educational Trust, Syndicate Bank and Canara Bank in 1982  with the aim of mitigating the unemployment problem among the youth.
• It was the setting up of the “RURAL DEVELOPMENT AND SELF EMPLOYMENT TRAINING INSTITUTE” with its acronym RUDSETI near Dharmasthala in Karnataka.

Objectives of Rural Self Employment Training Institutes (RSETIs):

• Rural BPL youth will be identified and trained for self-employment.
• The training offered will be demand-driven.
• The area in which training will be provided to the trainee will be decided after an assessment of the candidate’s aptitude.
• Hand-holding support will be provided for assured credit linkage with banks.
• Escort services will be provided for at least two years soon to ensure the sustainability of micro-enterprise trainees.
• The trainees will be provided intensive short-term residential self-employment training programmes with free food and accommodation.

The correct answer is Bengaluru.

Key Points

• In the 2021-2022, Ranji Trophy Final, Madhya Pradesh defeated Mumbai by six wickets to win their first-ever Ranji Trophy title at M.Chinnaswamy Stadium in Bengaluru.
• Wasim Jaffer (12,038 runs) is the highest run-scorer in the Ranji Trophy as of the 2021-22 edition.
• Rajinder Goel (640 wickets) is the leading wicket-taker in the Ranji Trophy as of the 2021-22 edition.
• Mumbai/Bombay has played in 46 of the 86 finals till 2016–17 and have won a total of 41 Ranji Trophy championships, the most by any team.
• The competition was launched following a meeting in July 1934, with the first fixtures taking place in 1934–35.
• The first match of the competition was held on 4 November 1934 between Madras and Mysore at the Chepauk ground in Madras.

Note: In the official PYP, there was Kolkata in place of Bengaluru but the correct was Bengaluru.

The correct answer is main segments of Jupiter's ring.

Key Points

• The planet Jupiter has a system of faint planetary rings.
• The Jovian rings were the third ring system to be discovered in the Solar System, after those of Saturn and Uranus.
• The Jovian ring system is faint and consists mainly of dust.
• It has three main segments:
• A thick inner torus of particles is known as the "halo ring".
• A relatively bright, exceptionally thin "main ring"; and
• The two wide, thick, and faint outer "gossamer rings", are named for the moons of whose material they are composed: Amalthea and Thebe.

Additional InformationMain ring:

• The "main ring" was discovered in 1979 by the Voyager 1 space probe and the system was more thoroughly investigated in the 1990s by the Galileo orbiter.
• The main ring has also been observed by the Hubble Space Telescope and from Earth for several years.
• Ground-based observation of the rings requires the largest available telescopes.

Uranus's ring: 

• Uranus has two sets of rings. The inner system of nine rings consists mostly of narrow, dark grey rings.
• There are two outer rings: the innermost one is reddish like dusty rings elsewhere in the solar system, and the outer ring is blue like Saturn's E ring.

Neptune's ring:

• The rings of Neptune consist primarily of five principal rings and were first discovered (as "arcs") on 22 July 1984 by Patrice Bouchet, Reinhold Häfner, and Jean Manfred.

Saturn's Ring:

• The rings of Saturn are the most extensive ring system of any planet in the Solar System.
• They consist of countless small particles, ranging in size from micrometers to meters, that orbit around Saturn.
• The ring particles are made almost entirely of water ice, with a trace component of rocky material.
• There is still no consensus as to their mechanism of formation.

Important PointsJuno Mission:

• Juno is a space probe by NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) that is currently orbiting the planet Jupiter.
• It was launched on 5^th August 2011 and entered Jupiter’s orbit on 5^th July 2016, five years after its launch.
• Juno is the second NASA mission to Jupiter. The first one was the Galileo orbiter which ran from 1995 to 2003.

Juno Mission – Objectives:

• To measure the planet Jupiter’s composition, magnetic and gravity fields, and polar magnetosphere.
• To investigate the planet’s formation and origin.
• To find out the amount of water present in its atmosphere.
• To learn whether Jupiter has a rocky core or not.
• To find out more about Jupiter’s mass distribution and deep winds.

The correct answer is James Watson and Francis Crick 

Key Points 

• The discovery in 1953 of the double helix, the twisted-ladder structure of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), by James Watson and Francis Crick marked a milestone in the history of science.
• Most of their clues regarding DNA structure came from Rosalind Franklin.
• Franklin was an expert in powerful techniques for determining the structure of molecules, known as X-ray crystallography.
• When the crystallized form of a molecule such as DNA is exposed to X-rays some of the rays are deflected by the atoms in the crystal, forming a diffraction pattern that gives clues about the molecule structure.
• Watson and Crick proposed their model and said that the DNA molecule consists of two helically twisted strands connected together by base pairs, which align themselves in such a manner just like the steps of the ladder.
• Each strand consists of alternating molecules of the deoxyribose sugar and phosphate groups.
• The linkage between sugar and phosphate molecules is called a phosphodiester bond.
• In 1962, James Watson, Francis Crick, and Maurice Wilkins received the Nobel prize for the discovery of the structure of DNA.

Additional InformationRosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins: 

• Rosalind Franklin obtained images of DNA using X-ray crystallography, an idea first broached by Maurice Wilkins.
• Franklin's images allowed James Watson and Francis Crick to create their famous two-strand, or double-helix, model.

Friedrich Miescher and Erwin Chargaff: 

• Concept 15 DNA and proteins are key molecules of the cell nucleus.
• In 1869, Friedrich Miescher isolated "nuclein," DNA with associated proteins, from cell nuclei.
• He was the first to identify DNA as a distinct molecule.
• Erwin Chargaff found that in DNA, the ratios of adenine (A) to thymine (T) and guanine (G) to cytosine (C) are equal. This parity is obvious in the final DNA structure.

Linus Pauling and Oswald Avery: 

• Linus Pauling is known as the "Father of Molecular Biology".
• In the 1950s he discovered the spiral structure of proteins by using X-ray crystallography.
• Pauling's discovery of protein helical structure lead to the discovery of DNA's double-helical structure in 1953.
• Oswald Avery's group showed that DNA was the "transforming principle."
• When isolated from one strain of bacteria,
• DNA was able to transform another strain and confer characteristics onto that second strain.

The correct answer is 13.3%

Key Points

• The unemployment rate rose to 13.3 per cent in July-September 2020 as compared to 8.4 per cent in the year-ago period, according to a periodic labour force survey by the National Statistical Office (NSO).
• The Unemployment Rate (UR) was 20.9 per cent in April-June 2020.
• As per the survey, the "labour force participation rate" for all ages was 37 per cent in the September quarter of 2020, up from 36.8 per cent in the same period a year ago.
• It was 35.9 per cent in April-June 2020.

Additional Information

• Unemployment Rate: The unemployment rate is defined as the percentage of unemployed persons in the labour force.
• Labour Force: Labour force refers to the part of the population which supplies or offers to supply labour for pursuing economic activities for the production of goods and services and therefore, includes both employed' and unemployed' persons.
• Periodic Labour Force Survey: The National Statistical Office (NSO) launched the Periodic Labour Force Survey (PLFS) in April 2017.
• The objective of PLFS is primarily twofold:
• To estimate the key employment and unemployment indicators (viz. Worker Population Ratio, Labour Force Participation Rate, Unemployment Rate) in the short time interval of three months for the urban areas only in the CWS.
• To estimate employment and unemployment indicators in both usual Status and CWS in both rural and urban areas annually.

The correct answer is National Mission on Monuments and Antiquities.

Key PointsNational Mission on Monuments and Antiquities (NMMA):

• NMMA was initially approved for a period of 5 years i.e. 2007 – 2012 in the 11^th five-year plan with the objective to prepare a National database on Built Heritage and sites from secondary sources and a National database on Antiquities from different sources and museums.

Additional InformationObjectives of National Mission on Monuments and Antiquities (NMMA):

• Documenting and creating a publicly accessible database about the geographical feature such as built heritage and sites for the dissemination of public information to planners, researchers, students, and individuals interested in such information.
• Document information in a uniform format about all antiquities whether recorded or collected by the federal or state governments, private and public museums, libraries, and universities.
• Promoting awareness aims to sensitize people to the benefits of preserving antiquities and historic sites significantly associated with historical records.
• Extending facility and providing accommodation to the affiliated state departments, local bodies, communities, NGOs, universities, and museums.
• Developing relations as part of one of its principles that involve the Archaeological Survey of India, state and union territory agencies or academic departments, and non-government organizations in building public relations for better data management.

The correct answer is Light year

Key Points

• The light year is a measure of distance or length that is used to describe astronomical distances and very wide distances.
• The light year averages nearly 9.46 trillion kilometers or 5.88 trillion miles.
• As established by the International Astronomical Union, the distance that light travels in a vacuum in one Julian year is a light-year.
• We may also evaluate or quantify the light-year value by calculating the luminance level in meters per second and the average time in one year in seconds.
• Second is the unit of time;
• Candela (cd) is the SI unit of luminous intensity. A candela is a measure of brightness about equal to the light given off by a single candle.

The correct answer is KE = \(1 \over 2\) mv2

Kinetic Energy:  The energy possessed by an object due to its motion is called kinetic energy.

• If we want to accelerate an object, then we must apply force.
• Applying a force requires us to do work.
• After work has been done, energy has been transferred to the object, and the object will be moving with a new constant speed.
• The energy transferred is known as kinetic energy, and it depends on the mass and speed achieved.
• The motion we are referring to is its velocity, which in this case refers to our speed and the direction of that speed.
• The equation for Kinetic Energy is KE = \(1 \over 2\) mv2​

The correct answer is Almora 

Key PointsUday Shankar:

• Uday Shankar was a  major dancer and choreographer of India whose adaptation of Western theatrical techniques to traditional Hindu dance popularized the ancient art form in India, Europe, and the United States.
• In 1938, Uday Shankar founded the Uday Shankar India Culture Centre in Almora, Uttaranchal (now Uttarakhand).
• Together with his brother, the sitarist Ravi Shankar, he explored classical and folk dance and created dance dramas that included social comments.
• In 1962, he was awarded by Sangeet Natak Akademi, India's National Academy for Music, Dance and Drama.
• In 1971, the Govt. of India, awarded him its second highest civilian award the Padma Vibhushan.

The correct answer is Option 2 

the primary bud of a plant embryo usually situated at the apex of the hypocotyl and consisting of leaves and an epicotyl 

Key PointsPlumule:

• Plumule is the part of the seed embryo, which develops into the shoot after the germination of seeds.
• It is a shoot tip, with a small bud-like or a small portion of the plant embryo.
• It is made up of the epicotyl, young leaves, and the shoot apical meristem.
• It is also called a baby plant or a new plant arising from the seed embryo.
• Plumules give rise to a new plant.
• After the seed germinates, small new tender leaves start arising from the seed embryo. These occur above the cotyledons and are grown into a plant giving rise to several leaves, branches, flowers, and seeds.
• It grows towards the sunlight, therefore, it is positively phototropic.
• Plumule moves away from the soil, therefore, it is called negative geotropism.
• It grows in an upward direction from the soil and is capable of performing photosynthesis.
• Plumules have different shapes and sizes, which usually vary within the different plant species.
• Plumules develop into a proper shoot, which comprises the stem, leaves, flowers, fruits, and seeds.

The correct answer is  Ministry of Education 

Key Points

• The Council of Architecture (CoA) has been constituted by the Government of India in the Ministry of Education under the provisions of the Architects Act, 1972, enacted by the Parliament of India, which came into force on 1^st September 1972.
• Ministry of Education, Department of Higher Education is the nodal ministry/department of the Council of Architecture CoA.
• The Act provides for the registration of Architects, standards of education, recognized qualifications, and standards of practice to be complied with by the practicing architects.
• The Council of Architecture is charged with the responsibility to regulate the education and practice of professionals throughout India besides maintaining the register of architects.
• For this purpose, the Government of India has framed Rules and the Council of Architecture has framed Regulations as provided for in the Architects Act, with the approval of the Government of India.

Additional InformationMinistry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC): 

• The Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC) is an Indian government ministry.
• The ministry is responsible for planning, promoting, coordinating, and overseeing the implementation of environmental and forestry programmes in the country.
• The main activities undertaken by the ministry include conservation and survey of the flora of India and fauna of India, forests and other wilderness areas.
• The Ministry of Environment, Forest, and Climate Change is the cadre controlling authority of the Indian Forest Service (IFS), one of the three All India Services.

Ministry of Home Affairs:

• The Ministry of Home Affairs or simply the Home Ministry is a ministry of the Government of India.
• As an interior ministry of India, it is mainly responsible for the maintenance of internal security and domestic policy.
• The Ministry of Home Affairs extends manpower and financial support, guidance, and expertise to the State Governments for the maintenance of security, peace, and harmony without trampling upon the constitutional rights of the States.

Ministry of Road Transport and Highways:

• The Ministry of Road Transport and Highways (MoRTH) is a ministry of the Government of India.
• Which is the apex body for formulation and administration of the rules, regulations, and laws relating to road transport, and transport research in India.
• Main Responsibilities: Planning, development, and maintenance of National Highways in the country.
• Extends technical and financial support to State Governments for the development of state roads and the roads of inter-state connectivity and economic importance.

The correct answer is 'Generally, sons did not automatically succeed their fathers as Rajas'.

Key PointsRajas of Rigveda

• According to rajas in Rig-Veda, their name does not define their work and fame. They just have only the name Raja, unlike Later Rajas.
• Rigvedic rajas generally included wise persons, old citizens who were experienced, and brave men.
• Their work was only to discuss the matter in society.
• They didn't have any land or army. They didn't control or tax anything. Hence, options 1), 2) & 4) are incorrect.
• Generally, sons did not automatically succeed their fathers as Rajas.
• Thus, Raja in the Rigveda was not always hereditary, and he needed to have the support of the assemblies of people.

Hence, the correct answer is Generally, sons did not automatically succeed their fathers as Rajas.

Additional InformationRigveda

• Rigveda is the oldest known Vedic Sanskrit book.
• It has 10 mandalas, 1028 suktas and presently 10,462 mantras.
• The deities are praised in the mantras. It has mantras to invoke the deities in the Yagya.
• This is the first Veda.
• Historians consider the Rigveda to be one of the first works of the Indo-European language family so far available.
• This is the main text of Sanatan Dharma.

The correct answer is 'Rs. 32 per day'.

Key PointsPoverty Threshold fixed by Rangarajan Committee

Thus, the correct answer is Rs. 32 per day.

Additional InformationRangarajan Committee

• The government had formed the Rangarajan Committee to review the standards and methods of the Tendulkar Committee.
• The Rangarajan Committee has rejected the Tendulkar Committee's assessment, saying that three out of every ten people in the country are poor.
• However, the number of poor has decreased in two years.
• The Rangarajan committee has submitted the report to Planning Minister Rao Inderjit Singh.
• No action was taken by the Central Government on the Rangarajan Committee report, due to which the people living in poverty in the country are calculated on the basis of the poverty line set by the Tendulkar Committee.
• According to the Tendulkar Committee, 21.9% of the total population of India lives below the poverty line.
• The Tendulkar Committee in its report had fixed the poverty line at Rs 1000 (per person per month) for households living in urban areas and Rs 816 for rural households.
• According to the Tendulkar committee the person who spent Rs 33 per day was considered poor.
• In September 2009-10, this assessment of the Tendulkar Committee was criticized by the Rangarajan Committee.

The correct answer is 'Reserve Bank of India'.

Key PointsReserve Bank of India is the controlling authority of money supply in India. The basic functions of the bank have been described in the Preamble of the Reserve Bank of India as follows:

• To regulate the issue of banknotes, maintain reserves with a view to achieving monetary stability in India and operate the currency and credit system in the interest of the country in general.
• Formulate, implement and monitor monetary policy.
• To regulate and supervise the financial system.
• Managing foreign exchange.
• Issuing, exchanging currency and destroying them when they are no longer operational.

Thus, the correct answer is Reserve Bank of India.

Important Points

• World Bank
• ​The World Bank is a specialized institution.
• Its main purpose is to provide financial assistance to the member states in the work of reconstruction and development.
• The World Bank Group is a group of five international organizations that provide finance and financial advice to member countries.
• It is headquartered in Washington, D.C. established in 1944.
• Reserve Bank of India
• The Reserve Bank of India is the central bank of India.
• It is the operator of all the banks in India.
• Reserve Bank controls the economy of India.
• It was established on 1 April 1935 as per the Reserve Bank of India Act 1934​.
• Initially, its headquarter was in Kolkata, which shifted to Mumbai in 1937.
• Earlier it was a private bank but since 1949 it has become a Government of India undertaking.
• Government of India 
• ​In terms of Section 25 of the RBI Act, 1934 the design of banknotes is required to be approved by the Central Government on the recommendations of the Central Board of the Reserve Bank of India.
• The responsibility for coinage vests with the Government of India on the basis of the Coinage Act, 2011 as amended from time to time.
• The Government of India is also responsible for the designing and minting of coins in various denominations.
• The Government of India in consultation with the Reserve Bank of India decides the design of banknotes.​

The correct answer is 'Ernst Haeckel'.

Key PointsEcology

• Ecology is a branch of biology and geography in which organisms study the interactions of communities with their environment.
• Every animal or plant lives in a certain environment.
• Ecologists explore how organisms interact with each other and the environment, and they explore the complex structure of life on Earth.
• Ecology is also called environmental biology.
• The subject is the study of individuals, populations, communities and ecosystems.
• The term ecology was first used in 1866 by the German biologist Ernst Haeckel in his book 'Generelle Morphologie der Organismen'.

Thus, the correct answer is Ernst Haeckel.

Additional InformationLet's have a look at other options:

• Charles Elton 
• ​Charles Sutherland Elton (29 March 1900 – 1 May 1991) was an English zoologist and animal ecologist.
• His name is associated with the establishment of modern population and community ecology, which includes the study of invasive organisms.
• Alexander von Humboldt
• ​Alexander von Humboldt (born 1769 – died 1859 AD) was a German geographer, naturalist, and explorer.
• For the first time, quantitative methods were used in botany, which formed the strong foundation of biogeography.
• It was Humboldt who advocated long-term monitoring of geological phenomena and this work paved the way for modern geomagnetic and meteorological observations.
• Edward A Birge
• ​Edward Asahel Birge (September 7, 1851 – June 9, 1950) was an American professor and administrator at the University of Wisconsin–Madison.
• He was one of the pioneers of the study of limnology and served as acting president of the university from 1900 to 1903 and as president from 1918 to 1925.

The correct answer is 'Ramakrishna Mission'.

Key PointsBelur Math

• Belur Math is located in Belur, on the west bank of the Hooghly River in West Bengal, India.
• It is the headquarters of Ramakrishna Mission and Ramakrishna Math.
• The architecture of the buildings of this monastery has a mixture of Hindu, Christian and Islamic elements, which is a symbol of the unity of religions.
• It was founded by Swami Vivekananda in 1897.

Thus, the correct answer is Ramakrishna Mission.

Important PointsLet's have a look at all options:

• Prarthana Samaj
• ​Prarthana Samaj is a community established for religious and social reforms during the Indian Renaissance.
• It was founded by Atmaram Pandurang, Mahadev Govind Ranade and historian R. S. Bhandarkar in Bombay on 31 March 1867.
• Veda Samaj
• ​The Veda Samaj was inspired by the Brahmo Samaj.
• It was established in Madras (Chennai) in 1864.
• The Veda Samaj worked to end caste discrimination and encourage widow and women's education.
• Its members believed in the existence of one God.
• They strongly condemned the superstitions and rituals of orthodox Hinduism.
• Arya Samaj
• Arya Samaj is a Hindu reform movement founded by Swami Dayanand Saraswati in 1875 in Bombay with the inspiration of Swami Virjanand of Mathura.
• This movement was started in response to western influences to reform Hinduism.
• Arya Samaj believed in pure Vedic tradition and rejected idol worship, incarnation, sacrifice, false rituals and superstitions.
• In this, the members opposed untouchability and caste-based discrimination and gave women and Shudras the right to wear Yagyopaveet and read the Vedas.
• The book Satyarth Prakash composed by Swami Dayanand Saraswati is the original text of Arya Samaj.
• Ramakrishna Mission
• ​Ramakrishna Mission was founded on 1 May 1897 by Swami Vivekananda, the great disciple of Ramakrishna Paramhansa.
• At the heart of the establishment of this mission is the propagation of Vedanta philosophy.
• Ramakrishna Mission considers service and charity to others as Karma Yoga, which is an important principle of Hinduism.
• The Ramakrishna Mission was honoured by the Government of India with the Dr Ambedkar National Award in 1996 and the Gandhi Peace Prize in 1998.

The correct answer is 'guild'.

Key Points

• Guild
• During the medieval period, there were administrative centres, temple towns, as well as commercial activities and centres of craft production.
• There were different types of merchants in the country.
• Some were traders like Banjara.
• Since merchants had to pass through many kingdoms and forests, they usually travelled in caravans and formed Guilds (confederations for certain functions).
• They were used to protect their interests.
• Manigramam and Nanadesi were two such guilds.
• Manigramam
• Manigramam was a renowned guild.
• Manigirimam, or Manigramam, usually refers to a medieval merchants guild, organized by travelling ethnic Indian merchants, operating mainly in South India.
• This guild traded extensively within the peninsula and with both Southeast Asia and China.
• The towns of the west coast were home to Arab, Persian, Chinese, Jewish and Syrian Christian merchants.
• Horses were mainly taken here in the trade.
• Slaves were also brought here for sale.

Thus, the correct answer is Guild.

The correct answer is 'Cyclic-AMP'.

Key PointsCyclic-AMP

• Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP, cyclic AMP, or 3',5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate) is a secondary messenger important in many biological processes.
• Cyclic-AMP is a derivative of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and is used for intracellular signal transduction in many different organisms, conveying a cAMP-dependent pathway.
• It is made from ATP by an enzyme called adenylate cyclase and degraded by phosphodiesterase.
• When the hormone binds to the receptor, its associated adenylate cyclase is activated and Cyclic-AMP is generated from ATP.
• Cyclic-AMP acts on various protein kinases to phosphorylate enzymes in cells and regulate their activities.

Thus, the correct answer is Cyclic-AMP.

Confusion Points While hormones are the primary messengers, Cyclic-AMP is said to be the secondary messenger.

Additional InformationLet's have a look at other options:

• ATP
• ​Adenosine triphosphate or ATP is an organic compound.
• Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is the energy-carrying molecule found in the cells of all living things.
• ATP captures chemical energy obtained from the breakdown of food molecules and releases it to fuel other cellular processes.
• AMP
• Adenosine monophosphate (AMP) is a nucleotide.
• AMP plays an important role in many cellular metabolic processes, being interconverted to ADP and/or ATP.
• AMP is also a component in the synthesis of RNA.
• AMP is present in all known forms of life.

The correct answer is 'Chittagong armoury raid'.

Key PointsSurya Sen

• Surya Sen (22 March 1894 – 12 January 1934) was a great revolutionary of India's freedom struggle.
• He founded the Indian Republican Army and successfully led the Chittagong armoury raid.
• He worked as a senior graduate teacher at National High School and was fondly called "Master Da".
• The British hanged him on 12 January 1934 in Medinipur Jail.

Thus, the correct answer is the Chittagong armoury raid.

Additional Information

• Meerut conspiracy case
• ​The Meerut Conspiracy Case was a controversial court case.
• In March 1929, the British government arrested 31 labour leaders and brought them to Meerut and tried them.
• The verdict of the Meerut Conspiracy Case was pronounced on 16 January 1933 AD.
• 27 accused were given severe punishment. Muzaffar Ahmed was given the biggest and most severe punishment, under which he was sentenced to life in black water.
• This had a negative impact on the labour movement.
• Lahore conspiracy case​
• When the Simon Commission came to India in 1928, it was opposed.
• When Simon reached Lahore in October 1928, Lala Lajpat Rai was injured during his protest, leading to his death in November 1928.
• To avenge his death, Bhagat Singh, Chandrashekhar Azad, and Rajguru killed British officer Saunders.
• Later he was trailed in this Lahore Conspiracy Case when he was captured after throwing a bomb in Delhi Assembly.
• Chauri-Chaura incidence
• ​The Chauri Chaura massacre took place on 4 February 1922 at Chauri Chaura in the Gorakhpur district, when a large group of protesters participating in the non-cooperation movement clashed with the police.
• In retaliation, the protesters attacked and set a police station on fire, killing all its occupants.
• The incident resulted in the death of three civilians and 22 policemen.
• Mahatma Gandhi, who was vehemently opposed to violence, stopped the non-cooperation movement at the national level on 12 February 1922 as a direct result of this incident.

The correct answer is 'Centrioles are present in plant cells'.

Key Points Let's have a look at all

Statements:

• Ribosomes are composed of RNA - This statement is correct because the ribosome is a complex molecule made of ribosomal RNA molecules and proteins that form a factory for protein synthesis in cells.
• Mitochondria is the powerhouse of the cell - This statement is correct because the mitochondria are the organelle responsible for energy production within the cell.
• Centrioles are present in plant cells - This statement is incorrect because Centrioles are absent in plants.
• Animal cells have centrioles -  This statement is correct because centrioles are paired barrel-shaped organelles located in the cytoplasm of animal cells near the nuclear envelope.

Thus, the correct answer is Centrioles are present in plant cells.

The correct answer is 'Prakrit'.

Key PointsDhamma

• Dhamma is the Prakrit word for the Sanskrit word Dharma.
• Dhamma means Righteous living and following the path of dhamma will lead to the salvation of the soul.
• It was only after the Kalinga war that Ashoka became engaged in Dhamma according to his inscriptions.
• Here Dhamma is taken to mean Buddhism and he soon became a follower of Buddhism.
• He gave away battles and wanted to win over people by the spread of Dhamma.
• This change of attitude can be seen in his inscription.

Thus, the correct answer is Prakrit.

Important Points Let's have a look at all options:

• Pali
• ​Pali is an ancient language in which Gautama Buddha preached and ancient Buddhist scriptures were written in this language
• Prakrit
• ​Prakrit is the common name of many regional languages ​​that developed in the Middle Ages Indian language, and the texts composed in those languages ​​are collectively called Prakrit literature.​​
• Sanskrit
• ​Sanskrit is a language of the Indian subcontinent. Sanskrit is an Indo-Aryan language that is a branch of the Indo-European language family.
• Apabhramsa
• ​Apabhramsa was the most vibrant and dominant language of speech and literary creation in North India before the rise of modern languages ​​(circa 6^th to 12^th century CE). Linguistically Apabhramsa is the last stage of the medieval period of the Indo-Aryan language, which is between Prakrit and modern languages.

The correct answer is '2000-2800 calories'.

Key Points

• In nutrition, calories refer to the energy people get from the food and drink they consume, and the energy they use in physical activity.
• Calories are essential for human health. The key is consuming the right amount.
• Everyone requires different amounts of energy each day, depending on age, sex, size, and activity level.
• An average adult person requires 2000-2800 calories per day.

Thus, the correct answer is 2000-2800 calories.

Additional Information

• Foods that are high in energy but low in nutritional value provide empty calories.
• Below are the calorific values of three main components of food:
• 1 g of carbohydrates contains 4 kcal.
• 1 g of protein contains 4 kcal.
• 1 g of fat contains 9 kcal.

The correct answer is 'It is the landmass lying south of the Narmada river'.

Key PointsDeccan Plateau

• It is higher in the West and slopes Eastwards. Thus, option 1) is incorrect.
• The region is drained by three river systems, the Godavari, the Krishna and the Kaveri (Cauvery). The Chambal and the Betwa flow through Malwa Plateau. Thus, option 2) is incorrect.
• It is the landmass lying south of the Narmada river. It is loosely defined as the peninsular region between Western Ghat and Eastern Ghat ranges that is south of the Narmada river. Thus, the option 3) is correct.
• It does not cover major areas of the Malwa plateau. Thus, the option 4) is incorrect.

Hence, the correct answer is It is the landmass lying south of the Narmada river.

The correct answer is 'Cryptocurrencies are used as physical money'.

Key PointsCrypto currencies are called as called digital money because it is available only online and we cannot use them physically. Hence, the statement in option 1) is misleading.

Thus, the correct answer is Cryptocurrencies are used as physical money.

Additional Information

Money

• Money is a commodity accepted by general consent as a medium of economic exchange.
• Money is the most liquid asset used for transaction settlement.
• The basic function of money is to enable buying to be separated from selling, thus permitting trade to take place without the so-called double coincidence of barter.
• High-denomination legal currency notes are accepted by people.
• A monetary system is a system by which a government provides money to a country's economy
• Most governments have their own money system.

The correct answer is 'Liquid metals'.

Key PointsPipelines in India

• A Pipeline is a means of transport for mineral uptake and natural gas.
• Utility of Pipeline Transportation:
• It is used in transporting crude oil, petroleum products and natural gas obtained from oil and gas refineries, and fertilizer factories and it is used to reach large thermal powerhouses.
• The solids are converted into a liquid state (slurry) and transported by pipelines.
• The establishment of refineries located in remote hinterlands such as Baroni, Mathura, Panipat and Gas based fertilizer factories has been possible only because of the network of pipelines.
• The initial cost of laying the pipeline is high but the running cost is minimum.

Thus, the Pipelines are not used to transport Liquid Metals. Hence, the correct answer is Liquid metals.

The correct answer is '2002'.

Key Points11^th Fundamental Duty

• Part IV-A (Article 51-A) deals with Fundamental Duties.
• This part is added by the 42^nd amendment in 1976.
• It contains originally 10 duties.
• Now it contains 11 duties after the 86^th amendment act, 2002.
• The 11^th fundamental duty is to Provide opportunities for education to his child or ward between the age of six and fourteen years.

Thus, the correct answer is 2002.

Additional Information86^th Amendment, 2002

• It is related to the new Article 21A added after Article 21.
• The new Article 21A deals with the right to education - "The State shall provide free and compulsory education to all children between the age of 6 to 14 years. This shall be subject to the law prescribed by the State concerned."
• The following article has been added to Article 45 of the Constitution in which provision has been made for the early care and education of children below the age of six years.​
• Article 45 - "The State shall endeavour to provide for the early care and education of all children until they attain the age of six years."
• By amending Article 51A of the Constitution, after (J), a new article (K) has been added, "There is a provision to provide opportunities which shall enable a parent or guardian or guardian of a child of the age of 6 to 14 years to provide education to his child". This is the 11t^h Fundamental Duty.

Confusion PointsThe 10 fundamental duties were added through the 42^nd amendment,1976 and the 11^th Fundamental Duty was added through 86^th Amendment, 2002 in the Indian Constitution.

The correct answer is 'SAPAP model'.

Key PointsSAPAP model

• This model of SHG(Self Help Groups) is also known as International Model.
• In 1995, SAPAP pilot in 20 poor mandals of Andhra Pradesh.
• SAPAP model contemplated the process of social mobilization as an institutional mechanism to mobilise the poor into SHGs (Self Help Groups).
• SAPAP Empowerment model's 3 components :
• Social mobilization
• Capital formation
• Capacity building of the poor.
• SAPAP is implemented in collaboration with local NGOs and state governments.
• This is also microfinance plus model.

Thus, the correct answer is SAPAP model.

Important PointsLet's have a look at other options:

• There are three models of SHG
• Cooperative Development Foundation ( CDF) model 
• Lack of access to credit and higher interest rates are the important elements of the Cooperative Development Foundation model.
• Women Thrift Cooperatives are the basic units in the CDF model.
• The model included poor and non-poor members; lacks a focused target.
• The CDF model is a model of untargeted Micro Finance Institution (MFI).
• Development of Women and Children in Rural Areas (DWCRA) model
• Development of Women and Children in rural areas (DWCRA) as a government programme started during the year 1982-83 and is also known as the government model.
• The main objective of the programme is to provide self-employment opportunities on a sustained basis for rural women.
• The programme focuses on the improvement of health, education, childcare, nutrition, water and sanitation.
• The organisation of women into groups will result in their bargaining power and power to resist exploitation.
• In this process, linkages are established with government line departments, financial institutions, and corporate agencies.
• Economic and social empowerment is the bottom line of this model.
• South Asia Poverty Alleviation Programme (SAPAP) Model
• This programme was assisted by UNDP (United Nations Development Programme) consequent to Dhaka declaration of SAARC countries on poverty eradication in 1993.
• This leads to collective empowerment at the grass root level.
• The collective body facilitates better access to public resources and services.
• These components help the poor to overcome their poor conditions by removing the obstacles that perpetuate poverty.

The correct answer is 'It runs through West Bengal and Odisha'.

Key PointsMahanadi River

• It is the largest river in Chhattisgarh and Odisha region. It means that 'It runs through Chhattisgarh and Odisha'. Thus, option 1) is true.
• The major dams built on it are Rudri, Gangrel and Hirakud.  It means that 'Hirakud dam is built on this river'. Thus, option 2) is true.
• It does not run through West Bengal and Odisha. Thus, option 3) is not true.
• Mahanadi originates from a mountain range called Sihawa located in the Dhamtari district near Raipur.  It means that 'It rises in Sihawa in Raipur'. Thus, option 4) is true.

Hence, the correct answer is It runs through West Bengal and Odisha.

The correct answer is 'snow leopard'.

Key PointsHimachal Pradesh State Symbols

Thus, the correct answer is snow leopard.

Important Points Let's have a look at other options:

The correct answer is 'Karnataka'.

Key PointsUgadi Festival

• Ugadi festival is celebrated as a new year in South India.
• It is majorly celebrated in the state of Karnataka.
• The festival of Ugadi is celebrated on the first day of Chaitra month according to the Hindu calendar.
• On the other hand, according to the Gregorian calendar, this festival falls in March or April.
• With the arrival of spring, this festival also marks the arrival of a new crop for the farmers.
• On the day of Ugadi, Lord Brahma, the creator of the universe, is worshipped.
• This festival brings us very close to nature and on this day a drink called Pachadi is made which is very healthy.
• On this auspicious day, people in South India also start new work, such as starting a new business, home entry etc.

Thus, the correct answer is Karnataka.

Additional Information Let's have a look at other options:

Confusion Points Ugadi is also celebrated in Andhra Pradesh and Telangana along with Karnataka.

The correct answer is 'Part III'.

Key PointsPart III of the Indian Constitution

• Part III of the Constitution (up to Articles 12-35) details the Fundamental Rights.
• Part III of the Constitution has been called the 'Magna Carta of India'.
• The 'Magna Carta' is a form of authority, which was issued by King John of England in 1215 under pressure from the feudal lords.
• It was the first written document relating to the fundamental rights of citizens.

Thus, the correct answer is Part III.

Important Points Let's have a look at other options:

Given:

(36 ÷ 3) + 5 + (9 - 2) × 4

Formula used:

VBODMAS rule where, V stands for vinculum or bar, B stands for brackets, O stands for of, D stands for division, M stands for multiplication, A stands for addition and S stands for subtraction.

Calculations:

(36 ÷ 3) + 5 + (9 - 2) × 4

= 12 + 5 + 7 × 4

= 12 + 5 + 28

= 45

∴ The answer is 45.

Given:

Curved surface area of cone = 30π

Radius = 3 cm

Formula used:

Curved surface area of cone = πrl [where, r is the radius of cone and l is the slant height of cone]

l² = r² + h² [where, h is the height of the cone]

Calculations:

Curved surface area of cone = πrl

30π = π × 3 × l

l = \(\dfrac{30}{3}\) = 10 cm.

Now, l² = r² + h²

10² - 3² = h²

100 - 9 = h²

h² = 91

h = \(\sqrt {91} \) cm.

∴ The answer is \(\sqrt {91} \) cm.

Given:

\(5\over6 \), \(3\over5\), \(7\over8 \), \(11\over15 \)

Concept used:

First to find out the L.C.M of the denominators and then multiply the L.C.M. with each of the fractions.

Calculations:

L.C.M of the denominators that is, 6, 5, 8, 15

Factors of 6 = 2 × 3

Factors of 5 = 5 × 1

Factors of 8 = 2 × 2 × 2

Factors of 15 = 3 × 5

So, L.C.M. = 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 5 = 120.

Now, multiply this to each fraction.

\(5\over6 \) =  × 120 = 5 × 20 = 100

\(3\over5 \) × 120 = 3 × 24 = 72

\(7\over8 \) × 120 = 15 × 7 = 105

\(11\over15 \) × 120 = 11 × 8 = 88

So, from the above calculations it is clear that 105 is the greatest among all that means \(7\over8 \) is the greatest.

∴ The answer is \(7\over8 \).

Given:

Price of the article decreased by 20% and sale increased by 80%.

Formula used:

Change in revenue = \(\dfrac{new \ revenue - total \ revenue}{total \ revenue}\) × 100

New revenue = new price × new sale

total revenue = price × sale

Change in price = original price ± x% of original price

Change in sale = original sale ± y% of original sale. [where, ± denotes increase or decrease of percentage and x, y denotes the percentages]

Calculations:

Let initial price be p and sale be s.

Total revenue = p × s

Change in price , new price = p - 20% of p

= p - \(\dfrac{20p}{100}\) of p

= \(\dfrac{100p - 20p}{100}\)

= \(\dfrac{80p}{100}\) = 0.8p

Change in sale, new sale = s + 80% of s

= s + \(\dfrac{80s}{100}\)

= \(\dfrac{100s + 80s}{100}\)

= \(\dfrac{180s}{100}\) = 1.8s

New revenue = 0.8p × 1.8s = 1.44ps

Change in revenue = \(\dfrac{1.44ps - 1.00ps}{1.00ps}\) × 100

= 0.44 × 100 = 44%.

∴ The answer is 44%.

Given:

12² ÷ 6² × 2 + 5 - 3

Formula used:

VBODMAS denotes V means vinculum or bar, B means brackets, O means of, D means division, M means multiplications, A means addition, S means subtraction.

Calculations:

12² ÷ 6² × 2 + 5 - 3

= 144 ÷ 36 × 2 + 5 - 3

= 4 × 2 + 5 - 3

= 8 + 5 - 3

= 13 - 3

= 10

∴ The answer is 10.

Given:

The soldiers stand in rows of 16, 24, 32

Formula used:

To find the least number indicates to find the L.C.M.

Calculations:

L.C.M of 16, 24, 32

Factors of 16 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2

Factors of 24 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 3

Factors of 32 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2

So, L.C.M. = 96

Now, factors of 96 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 3

So, to get the least perfect square number which can satisfy the given conditions we need to multiply 96 by 2 × 3 = 6. So, that becomes 96 × 6 = 576.

∴ The answer is 576.

Given:

The daily earnings of a vegetable vendor during a week are Rs. 257, Rs. 288, Rs. 195, Rs. 218, Rs. 309, Rs. 426 and Rs. 554. Formula used:

Average = \(\dfrac{sum \ of \ observations}{number \ of \ observations}\)

Calculations:

Average = \(\dfrac{257 + 288 + 195 + 218 + 309 + 426 + 554}{7}\)

Average = \(\dfrac{2247}{7}\) = 321.

∴ The answer is Rs. 321.

Given:

Two successive discounts = 16%, 5%

Formula used:

x + y + \(\dfrac{xy}{100}\) [where, x and y are the successive discounts]

Calculations:

Single discount = - 16 - 5 + \(\dfrac{(-16)(-5)}{100}\)

= - 21 + \(\dfrac{4}{5}\)

= - 21 + 0.8 = - 20.2%

∴ The answers is 20.2%.