DSSSB Junior Secretariat Assistant Official paper (Held on: 5 April 2022 Shift 3 ) (Previous Year Paper)

Given

Statement:

U < V ≤ W = X ≥ Y

According to the given information,

U is smaller than V, V is smaller than or equal to W, W is equal to X, and X is greater than or equal to Y.

Conclusions:-

I) U < X → True (In this conclusion, there are three symbols <, ≤ and = in between U and X. So, this will be sufficient for this conclusion to be true ).

II) U = X → False.( We need only = symbol from U to X for this conclusion to be true and < and ≤ symbols are also there, that's why option 2^nd is false )

Hence, the correct answer is "Only I is true".

According to the given information;

• Kimaya is facing west when she starts cycling forward.
• She cycles for 2 km in west direction.
• Then she turns right cycles for another 1 km.
• She again turns right and cycles for another 3 km.
• She then turns left and cycles for 1 km and comes across a dead end, after which she turns back.

The following diagram can be deduced:

• As we can see she is currently facing South.

Hence, the correct answer is "South".

The logic followed here is:

• The numbers are multiplied by 2 & 3 of similar numbers.
• 17 × 2 = 34: 17 × 3 = 51.⇒ 17
• 34 × 2 = 68; 34 × 3 = 102 ⇒ 34

Similarly,

• 23 × 2 = 46; 23 × 3 = 69

​Hence, the correct answer is "69".

According to the given information;

 

• The second word from the left is → EACH 
• the fourth letter of EACH is H.
• The third word from left → ABLE  
• the third letter of ABLE is L.
• According to the English alphabetical order;
• H I J K L

So, there are three alphabets in between H and L.

Hence, the correct answer is "Three ".

According to the given information:

 

The given equation is: 30 × 6 – 5 ÷ 4 + 2

The equation becomes: 30 - 6 + 5 × 4 ÷ 2

Using BODMAS rule,

Solving the given equation,

= 30 - 6 + 5 × 4 ÷ 2

= 30 - 6 + 5 × 2

= 30 - 6 + 10

= 40 - 6

= 34

Hence, the correct answer is "34".

According to the given information:

B, R, A, and E are the common alphabets in the letters.

Thus their codes are repeated.

The possible codes are;

As we can see there are different possibilities of codes for B, R, E, and A.

Only 7 is constant code for D; 

So, '7' will be the code for D.

Hence, the correct answer is "7".

According to the given information:

• Ramkumar walks towards the west.
• Then turns right.
• Then left.
• And then right.

​The following diagram can be deduced,

As we can see Ramkumar is walking in North direction.

Hence, the correct answer is "North​".

The logic followed here is:

• The initial alphabet is increased by +3.
• The second alphabet is decreased by -2.

Hence, the correct answer is "MR".

Alternate Method

 

• Z is the direct opposite of A.
• X is the opposite +1 of D.
• V is the opposite +2 of G.
• T is the opposite +3 of J.

Similarly,

• R is the opposite +4 of M.

Hence, the correct answer is "MR".

According to the given information:

• The first letter is replaced by ‘B’.
• The last letter of each word is replaced by ‘T’.
• The words will become as follows;
• ​SLOW → BLOT (A dark mark)
• HIGH → BIGT
• BACK → BACT
• SIDE → BIDT
• ​Here only BLOT is a meaningful English word.
• BLOAT means "a spot of something, especially one made by ink on paper; a stain."

​Hence**,** "​SLOW" will be the correct answer.

The logic followed here is:

Given series: (Left) R Z Ω B % 7 K & 4 D 6 Σ S Q 2 @ M 8 ∞ E (Right)

For 1^st term: 

For the second term:

For the 3^rd term:

The 3^rd term is the last word from the series in decreasing order from the right side.

Hence, the correct answer is "S2@".

 

Alternate Method

The logic followed here is:

• 1^st letter is an alphabet are seperated by a distance of +3.
• 2^nd letters are the symbols or numbers at +2 from the first alphabet seperated by +3.
• 3^rd letter is the last word from the series in decreasing order.
• R→Ω→E
• B→7→∞
• K→4→8
• D→Σ→M

​

​Similarly, next word will be,

• S→2→@

Hence, the correct answer is "S2@".

The logic followed here is:

The first number × 3 - 1 = second number

• 37 × 3 = 111 - 1 = 110
• 61 × 3 = 183 - 1 = 182

Similarly,

• 52 × 3 = 156 - 1 = 155

​Hence, the correct answer is "155".

The logic followed here is:

 

• ILE : FIB

Similarly,

Option 3: TUD : QRA

Hence, the correct answer is "TUD : QRA".

According to the given information:

 

The equation becomes: 65 × 22 ÷ 14 - 42 + 7 = 6

By using the BODMAS rule:

Option 1) (÷ and ×)

The equation becomes: 65 × 22 ÷ 14 - 42 + 7 = 6

After interchanging : 65 ÷ 22 × 14 - 42 + 7

= 65 ÷ 22 × 14 - 42 + 7

= 2.95 × 14 - 42 + 7

= 41.36 - 42 + 7

= 48.36 - 42

= 6.36

6.36 ≠ 6  

Option 2) (+ and ÷)

The equation becomes: 65 × 22 ÷ 14 - 42 + 7 = 6

After interchanging : 65 × 22 + 14 - 42 ÷ 7

=  65 × 22 + 14 - 42 ÷ 7

= 65 × 22 + 14 - 6

= 1430 + 14 - 6

= 1444 - 6

= 1438

1438 ≠ 6

Option 3) (+ and −)

The equation becomes: 65 × 22 ÷ 14 - 42 + 7 = 6

After interchanging : 65 × 22 ÷ 14 + 42 - 7

= 65 × 22 ÷ 14 + 42 - 7

= 65 × 1.57 + 42 - 7

= 102 + 42 - 7 

= 144 - 7

= 137

137 ≠  6

Option 4) (− and ×)

The equation becomes: 65 × 22 ÷ 14 - 42 + 7 = 6

After interchanging : 65 - 22 ÷ 14 × 42 + 7

= 65 - 22 ÷ 14 × 42 + 7

= 65 - 1.57 × 42 + 7

= 65 - 65.94 + 7

= 72 - 65.94

= 6.06

6.06 = 6 (Approx.)

LHS = RHS

Hence, the correct answer is "(− and ×)".

According to the given information:

• Rimjhim walks 5 m towards the East.
• She takes a left turn and walks 3 m.
• Then she takes a left turn and walks 2 m.
• Again, she takes a left turn and walks 1 m.
• Then she takes a right turn and walks 3 m

The following diagram can be deduced,

As we can see Rimjhim is walking in the west direction.

Hence, the correct answer is "WEST".

According to the given information: M < E < H = R < A = J

M is smaller than E, E is smaller than H, H is equal to R, R is smaller than A, and A is equal to J.

Conclusions:

I. M > A → False (M < E < H = R < A; M < E < A; M < A, hence, false)

II. J < E → False (E < H = R < A = J; E < A = J;  E < J, hence, false)

Hence, the correct answer is "Neither I nor II".

Given:

1. Anu is the mother of Veenu.

2. Anu is the grandmother of Arjun, who is the son of Rohit.

3. Rohit is the brother of Ashu.

4. Shweta is Ashu's sister-in-law, who is not married.

5. Shweta is the wife of Veenu.

6. Rohit is Tina's uncle.

7. Tina is Arjun's cousin.

Note:- Tina can not be the son of Ashu because Ashu is unmarried.

Hence, Anu is the "Mother-in-law" of Shweta

Decoding the information, 

Option 1 : 14 × 12 ÷ 86 + 72 – 18 = 86

After replacing the signs from left to right and using the BODMAS rule,

=> 14 - 12 + 86 × 72 ÷ 18 = 86

=> 14 - 12 + 86 × 4 = 86

=> 14 - 12 + 344 = 86

=> 358 – 12 = 86

=> 346 = 86 (LHS ≠ RHS)

Option 2 : 14 + 12 × 86 ÷ 72 – 18 = 86

After replacing the signs from left to right and using the BODMAS rule,

=> 14 × 12 - 86 + 72 ÷ 18 = 86

=> 14 × 12 - 86 + 4 = 86

=> 168 - 86 + 4 = 86

=> 172 – 86 = 86

=> 86 = 86 (LHS = RHS)

Option 3 : 14 + 12 ÷ 86 × 72 – 18 = 86

After replacing the signs from left to right and using the BODMAS rule,

=> 14 × 12 + 86 - 72 ÷ 18 = 86

=> 14 × 12 + 86 - 4 = 86

=> 168 + 86 – 4 = 86

=> 254 – 4 = 86

=> 250 = 86 (LHS ≠ RHS)

Option 4 : 14 ÷ 12 × 86 – 72 + 18 = 86

After replacing the signs from left to right and using the BODMAS rule,

=> 14 + 12 - 86 ÷ 72 × 18 = 86

=> 14 + 12 – 1.195 × 18 = 86

=> 14 + 12 – 21.50 = 86

=> 26 – 21.50 = 86

=> 4.5 = 86 (LHS ≠ RHS)

Hence, the correct answer is “Option (2)”.

Let,

Radha's present age = a years

Akanksha's present age = b years

Given:

1) Radha is thrice as old as Akanksha.

=> a = 3 × b → Eq. (1)

2) After 5 years, she will be twice as old as Akanksha.

=> a + 5 = 2 × (b + 5) → Eq. (2)

**From eq.

(1) put the value of a in eq. (2)**

=> 3b + 5 = 2 × (b + 5)

=> 3b + 5 = 2b + 10

=> 3b - 2b = 10 – 5

=> b = 5

This value of b put in eq. (1)

=> a = 3b

=> a = 3 × 5 = 15

Hence, the present age of Radha is “15” years.

Table show alphabet serial number –

The logic followed here is,

Similarly, 

the code for SALT will be;

Hence, the correct answer is "FVIY".

Preparing the family tree using the following symbols,

Given:

Rishabh said to Saurabh, “The boy in the photograph is the elder of the two brothers of the daughter of my father’s wife.”

We can draw the following Family Tree from the information given above:

 

Hence, Rishabh is the "Brother" of the boy in the photograph.

Given Series : 3412, 2900, 2557, 2341, ?

The logic followed here is:

"Next Number is obtained by subtracting the cube of consecutive number in decreasing order starting from 8, to the previous number".

Calculation :

3412 - (\(8^3\)) = 3412 - 512 = 2900

2900 - (\(7^3 \)) = 2900 - 343 = 2557

2557 - (\(6^3\)) = 2557 - 216 = 2341

2341 - (\(5^3\)) = 2341 - 125 = 2216

Therefore, the missing term in the series is 2216.

Hence, the correct answer is " 2216".

The logic follows here is :

Thus, 'M8Z' will complete the given series.

Hence, the correct answer is "M8Z".

The logic followed here is:

• FL–KO–GL

​

​Similarly

• RX–IM–BG

​

Thus, RX–IM–BG  share the same relationship as FL–KO–GL.

Hence, the correct answer is "RX–IM–BG".

According to the given information: 

Swapnil is standing fifteenth from the right and thirteenth from the left in a row of students facing north.

Total number of students in the class = Swapnil position from right + Swapnil position from left - 1 (because Swapnil added two times)

Total number of students in the class ⇒ 15 + 13 - 1

⇒ 27

Hence, the correct answer is "27".

As per the information:

When the question figure is merged with the figure in option (1), the complete pattern can be seen as :

        

Hence, the correct answer is "option (1)".

1. UWYZ

2. ACEH

3. EGIL

4. MOQT

Clearly, 'UWYZ' does not follow the same logic that is being followed by the other options.

This is the odd letter series

Hence, the correct answer is "UWYZ".

The logic followed here is :

• In the first part of the question, the first figure is divided in 4 equal parts each part contains 4 different symbols.
• Let us give numbering to each part from 1 to 4.
• In figure (A), symbol in part (1) and part (3) are filled and symbols in part (2) and (4) are not filled.
• In figure (B), firstly the symbols of part (1) and (2) of figure (A)  interchange their positions with each other and then the symbol of part 2 is rotated upside down.
• And the symbol in part (1) is filled and the symbol in part (2) is not filled.

Now, the symbols in part (3) and (4) remain same, only the symbol in part (4) is filled and the symbol in part (3) is not filled.

• Figure A to B:

Similarly,

• In the second part of the question,
• In figure (C), symbols in part (1) and part (3) are filled and symbols in part (2) and (4) are are not filled.
• Following the same logic as in the first part of the question,
• In figure (D), firstly the symbols of part (1) and (2) of figure (C)  interchange their positions with each other and then the symbol of part (2) is rotated upside down. And the symbol in part (1) will be filled and the symbol in part (2) will not be filled.

Now, the symbols  in part (3) and (4) will remain same, only the symbol in part (4) will be filled and the symbol in part (3) will not be filled.

• Figure C to D:

Thus, the final arrangement will be:

Hence, the correct answer is "option 2".

The logic followed here is: 

Hence, the correct answer is "69 ON".

The logic followed here is :

"The number of lines of the shapes inside the figure are decreasing one by one in each successive figure."

In figure (1), it has an octagon i.e. a shape that has eight straight lines.

In figure (2), it has a heptagon  i.e. a shape that has seven straight lines.

In figure (3), it has a hexagon i.e. a shape that has six straight lines.

Following the same logic, figure (4) will have a pentagon i.e a shape that has five straight line.

So the figure that will replace the question mark (?) in the following figure series is shown below :

Hence, the correct answer is "option 4 ".

Given Series : 48, 75, 98, 125, 148, ?

The logic followed here is:

• "Next number is obtained by adding +27 and +23 alternatively to the previous number."

Calculation :

• 48 + 27 = 75
• 75 + 23 = 98
• 98 + 27 = 125
• 125 + 23 = 148
• 148 + 27 = 175

Hence, the correct answer is "175".

The logic followed here is :

The paper when unfolded will look like this :

Hence, the correct answer is "option (3)".

1. AZ

2. DW

3. XC

4) BV

Clearly, 'BV' does not follow the same logic that is being followed by the other options thus it is different.

Hence, the correct answer is "BV".

The logic followed here is:  

Every letter is increased by +2 and Numbers are increased by the multiples of 3.

Thus, the missing term is 'IL36'.

Hence, the correct answer is "IL36".

The logic followed here is :

"Different blocks of the figure is being shaded in anti clockwise direction following some pattern".

Let us first give numbering to the different blocks of the figure starting from 1 to 9 as :

Now, in figure A, only block 7 is filled.

In figure B, moving in anticlockwise direction, two blocks 8 and 9 are filled.

In figure C, moving in anticlockwise direction, two blocks 9 and 6 are filled.

n figure D, moving in anticlockwise direction, three blocks 6, 3 and 2 are filled.

Similarly,

In figure E, moving in anticlockwise direction three blocks 3, 2 and 1 will be filled.

So the figure that will replace the question mark (?) in the following figure series is shown below :

Hence, the correct answer is "option 1".

The logic followed here is :

All the figures have same type of symbols at the diagonal line connecting the upper left corner and the lower right corner of the square figure. And the symbol at the other diagonal line connecting upper right corner and the lower left corner have two types of symbol appearing alternatively one after the other.

The logic is followed by all the other options except option 3.

Option 3)

Here in this figure two different symbols are there in the diagonal line connecting the upper left corner and the lower right corner. And at the other diagonal connecting upper right corner and the lower left corner have three different types of symbols.

Thus, 'option 3' does not follows the same logic that is being followed by other options, so it is is different.

Hence, the correct answer is "option 3".

According to the given information :

1. H sits to the immediate left of I.

2. J sits fourth to the right of H.

3) I sit third to the right of K. 

4) J sits second to the left of L and M sits third to the right of L. 

• ​Thus, the final arrangement is:

Clearly, the total number of persons seated in the row is '12'.

Hence, the correct answer is "12".

According to the given information :

Eight friends M, N, O, P, Q, R, S and T are standing in a row facing towards the East.

1. Only two persons are standing between R and M.

• So, there are two possibilities:

2) N is standing to the immediate left of M and is third to the left of O, who is standing at the extreme right end.

• So, Case 2 will be eliminated as it contradicts the given statement that O is standing at the extreme right end.

3. S is the immediate neighbor of R and Q.

• ​Thus, the final arrangement is:

​

Clearly, '2' friends are standing between N and S.

Hence, the correct answer is "2".

Statements:

All guavas are not papayas.

Some guavas are mangoes.

The least possible diagram for the given statements is as follows :

Conclusions:

I. Some mangoes are not papayas → True (Because Some guavas are mangoes and no guavas are papayas, so those mangoes that are guavas are not papayas. Thus, those mangoes are definitely not papayas )

II. All papayas are not guavas → True (Because All guavas are not papayas, so All papayas are also not guavas is definitely true)

Hence, the correct answer is "Both the conclusions follow".

According to the given information:

The shaded part represents the number of males that are neither teachers nor punctual.

Therefore, the number of males that are neither teachers nor punctual are '36'.

Hence, the correct answer is "36".

According to the given information :

The shaded part represents the number of male teachers who are not punctual.

Therefore, the number of males teacher who are not punctual are '20'.

Hence, the correct answer is "20".

The correct answer is Groups.

Key Points

• The periodic table is a tabular array of the chemical elements organized by atomic number.
• In periodic table The horizontal rows (which go from left to right) are called 'periods' and the vertical columns (going from up to down) are called 'groups'.
• Elements in the same group will have the same valence electron configuration and hence, similar chemical properties.
• Whereas, elements in the same period will have an increasing order of valence electrons.

Additional Information

• A substance that cannot be broken down into simpler components by any non-nuclear chemical reaction is called an Element.
• Dimitri Mendeleev is widely referred to as the father of the periodic table.
• In a periodic table The first 94 elements of the periodic table are naturally occurring, while the rest from 95 to 118 have only been synthesized in laboratories or nuclear reactors.

The correct answer is Punjab.

Key Points

• The Punjab cabinet has launched the scheme Mera Kaam Mera Maan to help the unemployed youth in the state to hone their skills and increase their chances of getting a job.
• Under this scheme, youngsters will be given short-term skill training free of cost.
• The scheme also provides an employment assistance allowance of ₹ 2,500 per month for a period of 12 months.
• The allowance shall be given during the training period, and after successfully completing the training, during the pre-placement and post-placement period of 12 months from the date of the start of the program.

Additional Information Assam

• Assam is a state in northeastern India known for its wildlife, archaeological sites, and tea plantations.
• The state capital, Dispur, is a suburb of Guwahati.
• Assam is known for Assam tea and Assam silk.
• The state was the first site for oil drilling in Asia.
• Assam is home to the one-horned Indian rhinoceros.
• Kaziranga National Park and Manas National Park, are World Heritage Sites in Assam.
• Dibru-Saikhowa National Park is famed for its feral horses.

West Bengal 

• West Bengal is a state in the eastern region of India along the Bay of Bengal.
• The state capital is Kolkata, the third-largest metropolis, and the seventh largest city by population in India.
• West Bengal includes the Darjeeling Himalayan hill region, the Ganges delta, the Rarh region, the coastal Sundarbans (the world's largest river Delta), and the Bay of Bengal.
• The state's main ethnic group is the Bengalis, with the Bengali Hindus forming the demographic majority.
• In 1947, at the end of British rule over the Indian subcontinent, the Bengal Legislative Council and the Bengal Legislative Assembly voted on the Partition of Bengal along religious lines into two separate entities: West Bengal and East Bengal

Bihar

• Bihar is a state in eastern India. It is the third-largest state by population.
• Its capital is Patna.
• The Bihar plain is split by the river Ganges, which flows from west to east.
• The ruins of ancient Nalanda University and Mahabodhi Mahavihara in Bodh Gaya are two UNESCO world heritage sites in Bihar.

The correct answer is Assam

Key Points

• The Bathow Puja is annually performed by the Bodo-Kachari community of Assam.
• During the Bathow Puja, the faithful offer obeisance to a deity. The deity is addressed by several names: the Damra, Gila, Sri Brai (Shib bwrai), Khuria Bwrai, and Bathow Bwrai.
• The various forms of this Bodo-Kachari festival are Kherai, Garja and Marai.
• The musical best in this festival follows the precise rhythm initiated by the Doudini or the oracle.
• The Bodo community deems the cactus as the holy symbol of Lord Shiva and calls the plant ‘Bathow Bwrai’.

Additional Information

• T he religious festivals of Rajasthan include Rajasthan International Folk Festival, Pushkar Fair, Teej Festival, Gangaur Festival, Jaipur Literature Festival, Nagaur Fair, and Summer & Winter Festivals.
• The religious festivals of Bihar are Chhath Puja, Buddha Jayanti at Bodh Gaya, Sonepur Cattle Fair, Rajgir Mahotsav, Sama – Chakeva in Mithila, Diwali in Bihar, and Makar Sankranti.
• The festivals  of Gujrat are International Kite Festival, Rann Utsav, Shamlaji Fair, Modhera Dance Festival, Bhavnath Mahadev Fair, and Paragliding Festival.

The correct answer is Sardar Sarovar Dam

Key Points

• Sardar Sarovar Dam in Gujarat is one of the biggest dams on the Narmada river and was one of the first focal points of the Save the Narmada Movement.
• Narmada Bachao Andolan is the most powerful mass movement, started in 1985, against the construction of a huge dam on the Narmada river.
• It was started by Medha Patkar and Baba Amte.
• For its consistent non-violent struggle, Narmada Bachao Andolan won the ‘Right Livelihood Award’ that aimed at bringing justice to society at large.

Additional Information

Hirakud Dam :

• Hirakud Dam is built across the Mahanadi River, about in the state of Odisha in India.
• It is the longest dam in the world.
• It is one of the first multipurpose projects by India, after independence.

Bhakra Nangal Dam :

• Bhakra Dam is a concrete gravity dam across the Sutlej River and is near the border between Punjab and Himachal Pradesh in northern India.
• It is Asia’s second tallest at 225.55 m high next to the 261m Tehri Dam also in India.
• Its reservoir is known as the “Gobind Sagar.

Nagarjuna Sagar Dam:

• Nagarjuna Sagar Dam is built across the Krishna river.
• It forms the boundary between Nalgonda District in Telangana and Guntur district in Andhra Pradesh states in India.
• It is World's largest masonry dam.

The correct answer is the Dirty Floating system

Key Points

• A dirty float occurs when the government's monetary rules or laws affect the pricing of its currency.
• With a dirty float, the exchange rate is allowed to fluctuate on the open market, but the central bank can intervene to keep it within a certain range or prevent it from trending in an unfavourable direction.
• Dirty or overseen floats are utilized when a nation builds up a cash band or money board.

Additional Information

Bretton Woods System :

• The Bretton Woods System is a set of unified rules and policies that provided the framework necessary to create fixed international currency exchange rates.
• The benefits of the Bretton Woods system were a significant expansion of international trade and investment as well as a notable macroeconomic performance.

Currency Board System :

• A currency board regime is one where the domestic currency is backed (usually 50 percent or more) with foreign reserve currency, and where the currency board is obligated to convert domestic currency into foreign currency on demand at a fixed price.
• Currency boards offer stable exchange rates, which promote trade and investment.

Gold standard exchange rate system :

• The gold standard monetary system is one in which the standard unit of currency is a fixed quantity of gold or is kept at the value of a fixed quantity of gold.
• The currency is freely convertible at home or abroad into a fixed amount of gold per unit of currency.
• The government set the prices of gold, and the citizens could exchange their paper money for gold.

The correct answer is Puthandu

Key Points

• Puthandu marks the arrival of the spring season.
• It is known as Tamil New Year and is celebrated in the month of Chithirai.
• Puthandu falls on the same day every year.
• Kolam – designs made of coloured rice flour are made at the entrance of the house. Puthandu-special dishes including Pongal and mango pachadi are prepared by families.

Additional Information

Vishu :

• Vishu is a spring festival observed by Malayali Hindus in Kerala and in adjacent areas of Tamil Nadu, India.
• Vishu is the first day of the Malayalam calendar and is the call of a New Year in Kerala.

Pongal :

• Pongal is a harvest festival celebrated by the Tamil community.
• It is a celebration to thank the Sun, Mother Nature, and the various farm animals that help to contribute to a bountiful harvest.
• Pongal is also the name of the dish made and eaten during this festival. It is a mixture of boiled sweet rice.

Onam :

• Onam is a festival celebrated by Malayalis in Kerala to mark the homecoming of the Great King Mahabali.
• It is also said to mark the harvest season for Kerala. The festival lasts for ten days and is celebrated with great splendour.

The correct answer is protonema

Key Points

• The protonema, which grows directly from the germinating spore, is in most mosses an extensive, branched system of multicellular filaments that are rich in chlorophyll.
• This stage initiates the accumulation of hormones that influence the further growth of newly formed cells.
• A protonema of moss may proliferate, apparently indefinitely, under favourable conditions and thus increase the population of leafy shoots that arise as buds.

Additional Information

Sporophylls :

• A sporophyll is a leaf that produces spores.
• Sporophylls are part of the diploid sporophyte generation, and the spores are produced by meiosis and will germinate to produce haploid gametophytes.
• The spores are born in sporangia, which can take various forms in different kinds of plants.

Gemmae :

• Gemmae are a means of asexual reproduction found in many bryophytes.
• Gemmae and gemma cups are specialized and derived gametophytic organs for vegetative reproduction in certain Marchantiopsida species.

Filamentous :

• Filamentous micro-organisms are those whose cells are not separated following cell division and so tend to grow in the form of 'filaments.
• Filamentous anchoring structures are composed of actin and intermediate filaments.

The correct answer is Uttar Pradesh

Key Points

• The Vigyan Gaurav Award or the Vigyan Gaurav Samman is a lifetime achievement award for scientific research conferred by the Council of Science and Technology, Government of Uttar Pradesh in India.
• The council also presents a Vigyan Ratna Award.
• Since 2013, the award includes a cash price of ₹500,000 which was earlier ₹100,000.
• This is the highest science-related award given by the Uttar Pradesh government.

Additional Information

• The Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize was named after the founder, Director of the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), and is the country's highest science award within the country.
• This award is announced by the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research.
• Every year, scientists under the age of forty-five are chosen for the Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Award for their contribution across fields including Biological Sciences, Chemical Sciences, Engineering Sciences, Mathematical Sciences, Medical Sciences, and Physical Sciences, Earth, Atmosphere, Ocean, and Planetary Sciences.

The correct answer is Ladakh

Key Points

• Naropa Festival is also referred to as the Kumbha of Ladakh or Himalayas.
• Naropa Festival takes place every 12 years in the Tibetan calendar to celebrate the life of Buddhist philosopher and scholar Naropa.
• Naropa Festival is held at the famous Hemis Monastery, which lies at some 40 km from Leh. It is one of the biggest and most important Buddhist monasteries in the country.

Additional Information

• Naropa (1016 – 1100 CE) was an Indian Scholar-Saint who heralded the beginning of a rich tradition in Buddhist philosophy.
• His teachings of the Six Yogas of Naropa are among the fundamental pillars of Vajrayana Buddhist tradition.
• He embraced a spiritual life at an early age and became the Chancellor of the Nalanda University in Bihar. Because of his intellectual agility and fierce oratory skills, he became the “Northern Gatekeeper” of Nalanda – a moniker of great distinction.
• His Guru was Tilopa.
• Naropa wore the Six Bone Ornaments upon attaining enlightenment. The Crown, Earring, Necklace, Bracelets and Anklets, Seralkha, and Ogpag.
• The major festivals celebrated in Assam are Bihu, Baishagu, Ali-Ai-Ligang, Baikho, Rongker, Rajini Gabra Harni Gabra, Bohaggiyo Bishu, Ambubashi Mela and Jonbill Mela and so on.
• The religious festivals of Bihar are Chhath Puja, Buddha Jayanti at Bodh Gaya, Sonepur Cattle Fair, Rajgir Mahotsav, Sama – Chakeva in Mithila, Diwali in Bihar, and Makar Sankranti.
• The festivals of Puducherry are Pongal, Masi Mangam, Villianur temple car festival, Bastille festival, and so on.

The correct answer is 59° F

Key Points

• Celsius, also called centigrade, scale based on 0° for the freezing point of water and 100° for the boiling point of water.
• The Celsius scale is more commonly used because it is used along with the metric scale.
• It is named after Swedish astronomer Anders Celsius.
• The Fahrenheit temperature scale is based on 32° for the freezing point of water and 212° for the boiling point of water.
• It was given by German physicist Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit.
• Converting Fahrenheit to Celsius with an example:

​

• Converting Celsius to Fahrenheit with an example:

The correct answer is Viruses grown on radioactive sulphur contain radioactive protein

 Key Points

• DNA doesn't contain Sulphur whereas protein does. So, when the virus is placed in the culture medium containing radioactive Sulphur, radioactive protein is produced and not the radioactive DNA.
• This is due to the presence of Sulphur in proteins.
• Viruses grown in the presence of radioactive phosphorus contained radioactive DNA but not radioactive protein because DNA contains phosphorus but protein does not contain phosphorus.

Additional Information

• A virus is an infectious microbe consisting of a segment of nucleic acid (either DNA or RNA) surrounded by a protein coat.
• A virus cannot replicate alone; instead, it must infect cells and use components of the host cell to make copies of itself.
• As compared to most other organisms where DNA is always a double-stranded structure, viruses are unique because their DNA or RNA material can be either single-stranded or double-stranded.

The correct answer is the Principal quantum number

Key Points

• The principal quantum number describes the energy of an electron and the most probable distance of the electron from the nucleus.
• It tells the principal energy level or shell to which the electron belongs.
• It is donated by the letter n and can have any integral value except 0 i.e. n=1,2,3,4…. etc. The various principal energy shells are also designated by the letters K, L, M, N, and O…. starting from the nucleus.

Additional Information

Magnetic quantum number :

• The magnetic quantum number determines the number of preferred orientations of the electron present in a sub-shell.
• The magnetic quantum number is denoted by the letter m and for a given value of l, it can have all the values ranging from -l to + l including zero.
• The quantum numbers with fractions are the spin quantum numbers.

Electron Spin Quantum number :

• The Spin Quantum Number (m_s) describes the angular momentum of an electron.
• Electron Spin or Spin Quantum Number is the fourth quantum number for electrons in atoms and molecules.
• Denoted as m_s, the electron spin is constituted by either upward (m_s=+1/2) or downward (m_s=−1/2) arrows.

Orbital angular momentum quantum number :

• The angular momentum quantum number is signified by l, it describes the general shape or region an electron occupies—its orbital shape.
• The value of l depends on the value of the principal quantum number, n.
• The angular momentum quantum number can have positive values of zero to (n−1).

The correct answer is Rouf

 Key Points

• Rouf dance is a traditional and rhythmic folk dance of Jammu and Kashmir.
• Rouf is primarily performed to celebrate the harvesting season of spring.
• Rouf dance is like a thank-you note to nature. It’s a musical gesture of gratefulness for bringing the happiness of spring to the valleys of Kashmir.

Additional Information

Rangma :

• Rangma dance is performed by the Naga people of Nagaland.
• It is usually a part of the Ngada festival.
• The Rangma dance depicts the war culture.

Savari :

• Savari is a folk dance of Odisha.
• Ghumara, Painka, Munari are other folk dances of Odisha.

Jhora :

• Jhora dance belongs to the state of Uttarakhand.
• It originated in the Kumaon region. This magical folk dance form binds people of all castes.
• Jhora dance is incomplete without the famous traditional drum known as “Hurka”.

The correct answer is Formic Acid 

Key Points

• Formic acid is the acid present in ants.
• Methanoic acid is commonly called formic acid.
• The chemical formula of formic acid is HCOOH.
• The word "formic" derives from the Latin word for ant, Formica.
• It is produced from methanol.
• Formic acid is used as a preservative and antibacterial agent in livestock feed.

Additional Information

Tartaric acid:

• Tartaric acid, also called dihydroxybutanedioic acid, is a dicarboxylic acid.
• Tartaric acid has a stronger, sharper taste than citric acid.
• It is often used as an acidulant in grape- and lime-flavoured beverages, gelatin desserts, jams, jellies, and hard sour confectionery.

Butyric acid:

• Butyric acid, also known under the systematic name butanoic acid, is a straight-chain alkyl carboxylic acid with the chemical formula CH₃CH₂CH₂CO₂H.
• It is a fatty acid that's created when the good bacteria in your gut break down dietary fibre.
• It's also found in animal fats and vegetable oils.

Acetic acid:

• Acetic acid is also known as ethanoic acid, ethylic acid, vinegar acid, and methane carboxylic acid.
• It has the chemical formula of CH₃COOH.
• Acetic acid is a byproduct of fermentation and gives vinegar its characteristic odour.

The correct answer is Ladakh

Key Points

• The festival, first of its kind was organized by the Department of Sports & Youth Services under the Khelo India banner in collaboration with the Ladakh Tourism Department.
• The festival was organised to showcase potential in adventure tourism and sports and aims to open a new arena in Ladakh for adventure and economy.
• It is one of the biggest events that has been organised to promote winter tourism in Ladakh.

Additional Information

• The winter festival showcased a host of outdoor activities and sporting events like ice hockey, snow skiing, yalk and horse riding, ice climbing and archery.
• Events of social and cultural importance like snow sculpting, food festival, yoga and meditation were also the part of the festival.

The correct answer is Narmada, Tapti, and Mahi river.

Key Points

• The major west-flowing rivers are the Narmada, Tapti, and Mahi.
• This exceptional behaviour is because these rivers do not form valleys instead they flow through faults (linear rifts, rift valleys, troughs) created by the bending of the northern peninsula during the Himalayan formation process.
• These faults run parallel to the Vindhyas and the Satpuras.

Additional Information

• The Narmada, the largest west-flowing river of the Peninsula, rises near the Amarkantak range of mountains in Madhya Pradesh. It is the fifth largest river in the country and the largest one in Gujarat.
• The river Mahanadi originates near Pharsiya village of Nagri town in the Raipur district of Chhattisgarh. The river flows through the states of Chhattisgarh and Odisha and finally merged with the Bay of Bengal.
• Tapti river is a river of central India, rising in the Gawilgarh Hills of the central Deccan plateau in south-central Madhya Pradesh state. It flows through the states of Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, and Gujarat and drains into the Arabian sea.
• Mahi River is one of the major interstate west flowing rivers, along with the Tapti River and the Narmada River. It rises in the western Vindhya Range, just south of Sardarpur, and flows northward through Madhya Pradesh state.

The correct answer is Irrigation

Key Points

• Guls and Kuls are the terms used for channels built by the people living in hilly areas.
• They are built for irrigation. Guls and Kuls are diversion channels mostly used in the state of Himachal Pradesh.
• The Spiti valley was transformed into an agrarian region by an ingenious system using 'kuls' or 'guls'.

Additional Information

• Irrigation is the artificial application of water to the soil through various systems of tubes, pumps, and sprays.
• There are three commonly used methods: surface irrigation, sprinkler irrigation and drip irrigation.
• In areas that have irregular precipitation, irrigation improves crop growth and quality.

The correct answer is Iron and Nickle

Key Points

• The structure of the earth is divided into four major components: the crust, the mantle**, the outer core, and the inner core.**
• The core of the Earth, which has both liquid and solid components, is made mainly of iron, nickel, and oxygen.
• Earth's outer core is a fluid layer about 2,400 km thick.
• Earth's inner core is the innermost geologic layer of the planet Earth. It is primarily a solid ball with a radius of about 1,220 km, which is about 20% of Earth's radius or 70% of the Moon's radius.

Additional Information

Crust:

• This is the uppermost and thinnest layer of the Earth. Its average depth is up to 30 km. In the continental area, the thickness of the crust is around 40 km while the oceanic crust is only 5-10 km thick.
• In the Outer Crust, the main constituents are Silica and Aluminum.

Mantle:

• The mantle is almost 2900 km thick and constitutes about 83% of the Earth’s volume.
• The constituents are collectively known as SIMA (Silica + Magnesium). The average mean density of SIMA is 3 g/cm3.
• The crust and the uppermost part of the mantle are termed the Lithosphere. Its thickness extends from 10 to 200 km.

The correct answer is Kathak

Key PointsPandit Birju Maharaj 

• Pandit Birju Maharaj was an Indian dancer, composer, singer and exponent of the Lucknow "Kalka-Bindadin" Gharana of Kathak dance in India.
• He was a descendant of the Maharaj family of Kathak dancers.
• He also practiced Hindustani classical music and was a vocalist.
• Awards won by him are Padma Vibhushan, Sangeet Natak Akademi Award, Kalidas Samman, National Film Award for Best Choreography, and Filmfare Award.
• The most prominent dancers of Kathak are Birju Maharaj, Sitara Devi, Shambhu Maharaj, Damayanti Joshi, Shovana Narayan, Uma Sharma, and Shobha Koser.

Shovana Narayan 

• Shovana Narayan is a recognised Indian Kathak dancer and a career officer with the Indian Audit and Accounts Service.
• She performs in India and internationally, and has been awarded the Padma Shri.
• She trained under Birju Maharaj.

Additional Information

Odissi

• Odissi dance pays great importance to Lord Jagannath who is considered to be the god of the universe and is worshipped by the people of Orissa.
• Guru Pankaj Charan Das was an Indian classical dancer, choreographer and the Ādi Guru of Odissi dance.
• He is known as the 'Father of Odissi dance'.

Mohiniattam

• Mohiniattam or Mohiniyattam is semiclassical dance form from the state of Kerala.
• Smitha Rajan is an Indian Mohiniyattam performer from Kerala and granddaughter of the legendary Indian classical dancer couple Kalamandalam Krishnan Nair and Kalamandalam Kalyanikutty Amma.

Bharatanatyam

• Bharatanatyam is the oldest classical dance tradition in India.
• Bharatanatyam is the state dance form of Tamil Nadu.
• The Natya Shastra by Bharata Muni and Abhinaya Darpana (Mirror of Gesture) by Nandikeshvara are considered to be the original sources of Bharatanatyam.

The correct answer is Parasappa Madevappa Hajilol

Key Points

Parasappa Madevappa Hajilol of Karnataka emerged as the winner in the men's 10 km race in the 55^th National Cross Country Championships organised by the Athletics Federation of India and hosted by Chandigarh Athletics Association at Dera Bassi in Punjab

Additional InformationThe Athletics Federation of India (AFI) 

• The Athletics Federation of India is the apex body for Athletics in India and is responsible for conducting Competitions in the country.
• It was formed in 1943.
• It was earlier called as Amateur Athletic Federation of India (AAFI).
• It is associated with both Asian Athletics Association (AAA) and World Athletics.
• Prof. G.D. Sondhi was its first President.

The correct answer is Thane.

Key Points

• Thane is the most populous district of India as per the 2011 Census with a population of 1.11 Crore.
• It is a city just outside Mumbai, in the state of Maharashtra.
• It’s known as the ‘City of Lakes’ with more than 30 lakes.
• Leopards, monkeys and parakeets inhabit the teak forest and bamboo groves of Sanjay Gandhi National Park in Thane.

Additional Information

• Ahmedabad is the largest city in the state of Gujarat.
• The Sabarmati River runs through its center.
• It has a population of 84 lacs.
• Bengaluru is the capital of Karnataka.
• The center of India's high-tech industry, the city is also known for its parks and nightlife.
• It has a population of 85 lacs.
• Pune is a sprawling city in the state of Maharashtra.
• It was once the base of the Peshwas of the Maratha Empire, which lasted from 1674 to 1818.
• It has a population of 69 lacs.

The correct answer is Madhya Pradesh.

Key Points

• Madhya Pradesh is known as the “Heart of India” and has been home to cultural and spiritual heritage of almost all the religions.
• Geography of Madhya Pradesh comprises three main physical divisions namely Central Highland, Satpura and Maikal Ranges and Eastern Highland.
• The triangular plateau between the Narmada and Son valleys and the Aravalli range is called the middle highland.
• Tropic of cancer passes through Shajapur in Madhya Pradesh.

Additional Information

• The Tropic of Cancer passes through eight states in India - Gujarat (Jasdan), Rajasthan (Kalinjarh), Madhya Pradesh (Shajapur), Chhattisgarh (Sonhat), Jharkhand (Lohardaga), West Bengal (Krishnanagar), Tripura (Udaipur) and Mizoram (Champhai).
• Jharkhand is famous for its rich mineral resources like Uranium, Mica, Bauxite, Granite, Gold, Silver, Graphite, Magnetite, Dolomite, Fireclay, Quartz, Fieldspar, Coal (32% of India), Iron, Copper (25%of India) etc.
• Forests and woodlands occupy more than 29% of the state which is amongst the highest in India.
• Chhattisgarh​ is home to the country's widest waterfalls, caves, lush green forests, ancient monuments, rare wild life, exquisitely curved temples, Buddhist sites and hill plateaus.
• It boasts of more than 80% of bio diversity that is not found anywhere across the country.
• Gujarat is renowned for its beaches, temple towns and historic capitals.
• Wildlife sanctuaries, hill resorts and natural grandeur are gifts of Gujarat.

The correct answer is It is increased in response to high GDP growth.

Key Points

• Autonomous investment is the portion of the total investment made by a government or other institution independent of economic considerations.
• These can include government investments, funds allocated to public goods or infrastructure, and any other type of investment that is not dependent on changes in GDP.
• Thus, option 1 is an incorrect statement, and hence the correct answer.
• Primarily, investment in public utility services such as postal, transport, communication, infrastructure, etc. by the Government falls under this category because the investment made by the government does not rely on the decisional profit or loss.

Additional Information

• Induced investment is that investment which is governed by income and amount of profit in return i.e. higher profit may lead to higher investment and vice versa.
• For example, new equipment, new construction, plant improvements, etc.  to help increase productivity and boost the economy even further.

The correct answer is Pataliputra.

Key Points

• The description of the administration of Patliputra is available in the book "Indica" by Megasthenes, an ambassador to Chandra Gupta Maurya in Patliputra by Greek ruler Seleucus Nicator I.
• Megasthenese described that Pataliputra city was administered by a city council comprising 30 members and these 30 members were divided into a board of 5 members each.

Additional Information

• The present day city of Prayagraj, then known as Prayaga, became a part of the Mauryan and Gupta empires of the east and the Kushan empire of the west before becoming part of the Kannauj empire.
• Tosali was an ancient city in the present day Odisha and was the capital of the eastern province of the Kalinga Kingdom.
• Mauryan emperor Ashoka built 10 stupas to commemorate Gautama Buddha's visit and preaching.
• Ujjain was known as 'Avantika' in ancient times and was the capital of the Avanti kingdom, one of the sixteen mahajanapadas.

The correct answer is 0.295.

Key Points

• As per the C Rangarajan Committee, there are 260.5 million poor people in rural India, 102.5 million in urban India, putting the total at 363 million, which is roughly 29.5% of the country’s population.
• The poverty line considered is ₹32 for rural India and ₹47 for urban India.

Additional Information

• The Rangarajan Committee under the Chairmanship of Dr. C. Rangarajan was formed to Review the Methodology for Measurement of Poverty in the country.
• It was constituted by the Planning Commission in June 2012 and submitted its report on 30^th June 2014.
• Its estimation is based on an independent large survey of households by Center for Monitoring Indian Economy (CMIE).

The correct answer is Arya Samaj.

Key Points

• Arya Samaj is a monotheistic Indian Hindu reform movement.
• The samaj was revived by the sannyasi Dayanand Saraswati on 10 April 1875.
• It aimed to promote values and practices based on the belief in the infallible authority of the Vedas.
• Arya Samaj was the first Hindu organization to introduce proselytization or conversions in Hinduism.

Additional Information

• Prarthana Samaj or "Prayer Society" in Sanskrit, was a movement for religious and social reform.
• It was founded by Atmaram Pandurang in 31 March 1867.
• Brahmo Samaj is the societal component of Brahmoism, which began as a monotheistic reformist movement of the Hindu religion that appeared during the Bengal Renaissance.
• It was founded by Raja Ram Mohan Roy on 20 August 1828.
• The Aligarh Movement was the push to establish a modern system of Education in the United Kingdom scientific education for the Muslim population of British India.
• It was founded by Syed Ahmad Khan in 1875.

The correct answer is Assam.

Key Points

• Moran Town is a census town in Dibrugarh district in the state of Assam.
• It is a major oil field and a major tea-producing area.
• Currently there are more than 100 oil fields in Assam, the major ones being Digboi, Nahorkatiya, Moran, Rudrasagar, Lakwa, Rudrasagar, Sonari, Amguri, Geleki, Dikom, Kathaloni, Baghjan, Charali, Laplingaon, Panidihing, Hugrijan, Tengakhat, Borhola etc.

Additional Information

• The Mumbai High Field is an offshore oilfield 176 km off the west coast of Mumbai, Maharashtra, in Gulf of Cambay region of India and is run by ONGC.
• Ankleshwar, Lunej, Kalol, Nawgam, Kosamba, Kathana, Barkol, Mehsana, and Sanand are the important oil fields in Gujarat.
• Some major oilfields in Rajasthan are Mangala, Guda, Saraswati, Kaameshwari- I, Raag Oil, Shakti, Vijaya, Vandana, etc.

The correct answer is Article 50 - Promotion of international peace and security.

Key Points

• Article 50 states that the State shall take steps to separate the judiciary from the executive in the public services of the State.
• The promotion of international peace and security is a part of Article 51.
• Thus, option 1 is incorrectly matched.

Additional Information

• Article 43 - The State shall endeavour to secure, by suitable legislation or economic organisation or in any other way, to all workers, industrial or otherwise, work, a living wage, conditions of work ensuring a decent standard of life and full enjoyment of leisure and social and cultural opportunities.
• Article 47 - The State shall regard the raising of the level of nutrition and the standard of living of its people and the improvement of public health as among its primary duties and, in particular, the State shall endeavour to bring about prohibition of the consumption except for medicinal purposes of intoxicating drinks and of drugs which are injurious to health.
• Article 48 - It is one of the Directive Principles which directs the state to make efforts for banning animal slaughtering of cows and calves and other milch and draught cattle and organise agriculture and animal husbandry on modern and scientific lines.

The correct answer is the UK.

Key Points

• Indian Constitution borrowed the following from the UK -
• Parliamentary government
• Rule of Law
• Legislative procedure
• Single Citizenship
• Cabinet system
• Prerogative writs
• Parliamentary privileges
• Bicameralism

Additional Information

• The Indian constitution borrowed the provisions for fundamental rights, Independence of judiciary, Judicial review, Impeachment of the president, Removal of Supreme Court and High Court judges, and Post of vice-president from the US.
• The Indian constitution borrowed the idea of having a republic and ideals of liberty, equality, and fraternity in the Preamble from France.
• The Indian constitution borrowed the provisions for Directive Principles of State Policy, the process of nomination of members to Rajya Sabha, and the method of election of the president from Ireland.

The correct answer is triangular.

Key Points

• The Deccan Plateau in southern India is located between the Western Ghats and the Eastern Ghats.
• It is the peninsular region between these ranges that is south of the Narmada river.
• To the north, it is bounded by the Satpura and Vindhya Ranges.

Additional Information

• A peninsula is a landform that extends from a mainland and is surrounded by water on most, but not all of its borders.
• It is also sometimes defined as a piece of land bordered by water on three of its sides.

The correct answer is Madhya Pradesh.

Key Points

• Several Chalcolithic sites, with four occupational phases, have been discovered in the Malwa region in Madhya Pradesh of central India.
• The site at Kayatha, situated on the right bank of the Choti Kali Sindh river (a tributary of Chambal river), is the type site of this culture, known as "Kayatha culture".

Additional Information

• The Ahar culture, also known as the Banas culture is a Chalcolithic archaeological culture on the banks of Ahar River of southeastern Rajasthan, lasting from c. 3000 to 1500 BCE, contemporary and adjacent to the Indus Valley civilization.
• A large number of Chalcolithic sites are reported from Maharashtra, such as Prakash, Bahal, Kaothe and Tekwada (Tapi valley), Nasik, Jorwe, Daimabad, Nevasa and Ape- gaon (Godavari valley) and Chandoli, Walki, lnamgaon and Songaon (Bhima valley).
• Loteshwar, Santhli, Datrana, Nagwada, Langhnaj, Zekhada, Ratanpura and Kanewal are some Chalcolithic sites in Gujarat throughout the fourth through second millennia BC.

The correct answer is Article 226.

Key Points

• Under Article 226, a writ petition can be filed before any High Court within whose jurisdiction the cause of action arises, either wholly or in part.
• It is immaterial if the authority against whom the writ petition is filed is within the territory or not.
• Writ is a form of written command in the name of the court.

Additional Information

• Article 32 of the Constitution  or Right to Constitutional Remedies is a fundamental right, which states that individuals have the right to approach the Supreme Court (SC) seeking enforcement of other fundamental rights recognised by the Constitution.
• Article 121 states no discussions shall take place in Parliament with respect to the conduct of any Judge of the Supreme Court or of a High Court in the discharge of their duties except in a motion praying for the removal of the Judge.
• Article 215 states that High Courts are courts of record and have all the powers of such a court including the power to punish for contempt of itself.

The correct answer is 2010.

Key Points

• The Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission (JNNSM), or the National Solar Mission, is an initiative of the Government of India and State Governments.
• Aim: to promote solar power in India.
• Inaugurated in January 2010, the JNNSM has been revised twice and now boasts a target of 100 GW of solar PV by 2022.

Additional Information

• Under the 2015 Paris Climate Agreement, India set ambitious targets to produce 50% of its electricity from renewable sources and install 450GW of renewable energy capacity by 2030.
• Karnataka heads India's list of states producing solar energy and has a total installed solar power capacity of about 7,100MW.

The correct answer is established in Calcutta in 1876.

Key Points

• The Indian Association was the first avowed nationalist organization founded in British India by Surendranath Banerjee and Ananda Mohan Bose in 1876.
• The objectives of this Association were "promoting by every legitimate means the political, intellectual and material advancement of the people".

Additional Information

• Poona Sarvajanik Sabha, an early platform where educated Indians expressed their opinions and demands from the British government, was founded in Poona in 1870.

The correct answer is Article 40.

Key Points

• Article 40 of the Constitution enshrines one of the Directive Principles of State Policy.
• It says that the State shall take steps to organize village panchayats and endow them with powers and authority.
• The objective is to enable them to function as units of self-government.

Additional Information

• Article 47 of The Constitution of India is one of the Directive Principles which directs the State to raise the level of nutrition and the standard of living and to improve public health as among its primary duties.
• The State shall also endeavour to bring about prohibition of intoxicating drinks and drugs which are injurious to health.
• Article 43 states that the State shall endeavour to secure a living wage, good work conditions, a decent standard of life and full enjoyment of leisure and social and cultural opportunities to all workers, agricultural, industrial or otherwise, work.
• The State shall also endeavour to promote cottage industries on an individual or co operative basis in rural areas.
• Article 48 of the Constitution of India is one of the Directive Principles which directs the state to make efforts for banning animal slaughtering of cows and calves and other milch and draught cattle.
• It further states to organise agriculture and animal husbandry on modern and scientific lines.

The correct answer is Chief Minister.

Key Points

• The State Planning Board is an advisory board under the state government and is chaired by the Chief Minister of the state.
• A chief minister is the elected head of government of each state out of the 28 states and sometimes a union territory.
• According to the Constitution of India, the governor is a state's head, but de facto executive authority rests with the chief minister.

Additional Information

• The Speaker of the Legislative Assembly is a title in active politics to represent a principal spokesperson of the state legislative assemblies or the lower house of the parliament for carrying house proceedings.
• Judges in a high court are appointed by the president of India in consultation with the chief justice of India and the governor of the state under Article 217 of the Constitution but through subsequent judicial interpretations, the primacy of the appointment process is on the hands of the Judicial Collegium.
• The governors of the states of India have similar powers and functions at the state level as those of the president of India at the central level.
• Governors exist in the states, while lieutenant governors exist in union territories.

The correct answer is 0.0832.

Key Points

• The unemployment rate in India as per CMIE in August 2021 was 8.32% or 0.0832.
• The current rate stands at 7.79% or 0.0779 as of August 2022.

Additional Information

• The unemployment rate is calculated by expressing the number of unemployed persons as a percentage of the total number of persons in the labour force.
• The Centre for Monitoring Indian Economy (CMIE) is an independent private limited entity that serves both as an economic think-tank as well as a business information company.

The correct answer is Akbar.

Key Points

• Din-i Ilahi, “the religion of God,” was a system of religious beliefs introduced by the Mughal emperor Akbar in 1582 CE.
• His idea was to combine Islam and Hinduism into one faith, but also to add aspects of Christianity, Zoroastrianism and Jainism.
• Akbar was the third Mughal emperor, who reigned from 1556 to 1605.

Additional Information

• Humayun was the second emperor of the Mughal Empire who from 1530 to 1540 and again from 1555 to 1556.
• He was a Sunni Muslim and followed the principles of his faith in his personal life, but was tolerant towards other religions and faith in his policies.
• Babur was a descendant of Timur and Genghis Khan through his father and mother respectively, and founded the Mughal Empire in 1526.
• Babur was a Sunni Muslim and had complete faith in God but he was not a bigot.
• Jahangir was the fourth Mughal Emperor, who ruled from 1605 until his death in 1627.
• Jahangir continued Akbar's practice of inviting religious divines for personal discussions and his main area of religious interest was monotheism.

The correct answer is both (b) and (c).

Key Points

• The demand curve being negatively sloping indicates the inverse relationship between the price of a product and the quantity demanded.
• 'Ceteris paribus' means 'other things being equal'.
• Thus, if demand for coffee remains usual, price must also remain usual and unchanged, which makes statement (a) invalid.
• Therefore, only statements (b) and (c) can hold true.
• Thus, option 4 is the correct answer.

Additional Information

• In economics, a demand curve is a graph depicting the relationship between the price of a certain commodity and the quantity of that commodity that is demanded at that price.
• The assumption behind a demand curve or a supply curve is that no relevant economic factors, other than the product's price, are changing.
• Economists call this assumption ceteris paribus, a Latin phrase meaning “other things being equal”.

The correct answer is President.

Key Points

• The Governor of a State shall be appointed by the President by warrant under his hand and seal.
• They hold office during the pleasure of the President under Article 156.
• The oa th of office to the governor is administered by the chief justice of the concerned state high court and in his absence, the senior-most judge of that court available.

Additional Information

• All Union Ministers are appointed by the President after being elected to the Parliament and the President administer the oath of office and secrecy to the Ministers.
• The Vice President and President are both elected, and while the Vice President takes their oath from the President, for the President, the oath is administered by the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court.

Given:

First 4 multiples of 3

Formula used:

Average = Total Sum/Number of terms

Calculation:

First 4 multiples of 3 are 3, 6, 9 and 12

Total sum = 3 + 6 + 9 + 12 

= 30

Average = 30/4

= 7.5 

Answer is 7.5.

Additional InformationAverage of n natural numbers = (n+1)/2

Average of n even numbers = n+1

Average of n odd numbers = n

Given:

[(84 - 10 ÷ 5 - 4) + (14 - 6) ÷ 4]

Concept used:

BODMAS consists of the first letter of the operations involved in a mathematical equation.

B- Bracket (), [], {}

O- Order, Square root, exponents, and powers

D- Division, ÷ /

M- Multiplication × *

A – Addition +

S – Subtraction –

Calculation:

= [(84 - 10 ÷ 5 - 4) + (14 - 6) ÷ 4]

= [(84 - 2 - 4) + (8) ÷ 4]

=  [(78) + 2]

= 80

Answer is 80.

Given:

A circular field of radius 20 m is surrounded by a path of width 2 m

it costs Rs. 10 per m2 to pave the path

Formula used:

Area of the path = π(R² - r²)

where R and r are Outer radius and Inner radius of the path

Calculation:

Inner radius = 20 m

A circular field of radius 20 m is surrounded by a path of width 2 m

Outer radius = 20 + 2 = 22 m

Area of the path = π(222 - 202)

= 3.14 × (20 + 22) × (22 - 20)

= 3.14 × 42 × 2

= 263.76 m2

Cost to pave the path = Area of the path × Cost per m²

= 263.76 × 10

= 2637.6

∴ the answer is Rs. 2637.60.

Given:

Principal = Rs. 4200

Rate = 25%

Time = 3 years

Formula used:

Compound Interest = Principal \((1+\frac{R}{100})^n\) - Principal

where R is rate and n is number of years

Calculation:

Compound interest = \(4200 \times (1+\frac{25}{100})^3 - 4200 \)

= \(4200 \times (1+\frac{1}{4})^3 - 4200 \)

= \(4200 \times (\frac{5}{4})^3 - 4200 \)

= \(4200 \times (\frac{125}{64}) - 4200 \)

= 8203.125 - 4200

= 4003.125

Answer is Rs. 4003.13(approx.).

Alternate Method

Given:

Principal = Rs. 4200

Rate = 25%

Time = 3 years

Calculation:

Amount : Principal = (100+25)³ : 100³ 

= 125³ : 100³

= 5³ : 4³

= 125 : 64

Principal = 64 units

64 units = 4200

1 unit = 65.625

Compound interest = Amount - Principal

= 125 - 64

= 61 units

= 61 × 65.625

= 4003.125

Answer is Rs. 4003.13(approx.).

Given:

14, −12 and −2

Calculation:

14³ = 2744

-12³ = -1728

-2³ = -8

Sum of the cubes of 14, −12 and −2 = 2744 - 1728 - 8

= 1016 - 8

= 1008

Answer is 1008.

Given:

\(3.\overline {36} - 2.\overline {05} + 1.\overline {33} \)

Calculation:

let x = 3.3636 ; 100x = 336.3636

⇒100x - x = 336.36 - 3.36;

⇒99 x = 333;

⇒x = 333/99

Similarly, 2.0505 = 203/99 and 1.33 = 132/99;

= \(\frac {336.36-3.36}{99} - \frac {205.05-2.05}{99} + \frac {133.33-1.33} {99}\)

= \(\frac {333}{99} - \frac {203}{99} + \frac {132} {99}\)

= \(\frac {333-203+132}{99} \)

= \(\frac {262}{99} \)

Answer is \(\frac {262}{99} \).

Alternate Method 

Given:\(3.\overline {36} - 2.\overline {05} + 1.\overline {33} \)

Calculation:

= 3.3636..... - 2.0505......  + 1.3333.....   [

Note:

This method is only applicable for addition and subraction]

= 1.3131....... + 1.3333.......

= 2.6464.....

= \(2. \overline{64}\)

= \(\frac{264-2}{99}\)

= \(\frac {262}{99} \)

Answer is \(\frac {262}{99} \).

Shortcut Trick

Net percentage decrease for 2 hours at 5% per hour = −5 − 5 + (5 × 5) ÷ 100 = −9.75%

Remaining percentage of virus count = 100% − 9.75% = 90.25%

Final count = 2.3 × 10⁷ × 90.25% = 2.07575 × 10⁷ ≈ 2.076 × 10⁷

∴ The correct answer is 2.076 × 10⁷.

Alternate Method

Given:

Initial virus count at 11:00 a.m. (P) = 2.3 × 10⁷

Rate of decrease (R) = 5% per hour

Time duration from 11:00 a.m. to 1:00 p.m. (n) = 2 hours

Formula Used:

Final Value = Initial Value × (1 − R/100)ⁿ

Calculations:

⇒ Final virus count = 2.3 × 10⁷ × (1 − 5/100)²

⇒ Final virus count = 2.3 × 10⁷ × (1 − 1/20)²

⇒ Final virus count = 2.3 × 10⁷ × (19/20) × (19/20)

⇒ Final virus count = 2.3 × 10⁷ × (361/400)

⇒ Final virus count = 2.3 × 10⁷ × 0.9025

⇒ Final virus count = 2.07575 × 10⁷

⇒ Final virus count ≈ 2.076 × 10⁷

∴ The correct answer is 2.076 × 10⁷.

Additional Information

Successive Percentage Change

When a value changes successively by a% and b%, the net percentage change is given by a + b + (a × b)/100. For decreases, use negative values for a and b.

Depreciation Formula

If the present value of a quantity is P and it depreciates at a rate of R% per period, the value after n periods is A = P × (1 − R/100)ⁿ.

Fraction Multiplying Factor

A decrease of R% corresponds to a multiplying factor of (100 − R)/100. For a 5% decrease, the direct multiplying factor is 95/100 or 19/20.

Given:

If the volume of a room is 924 m3 and the area of the floor is 132 m²

Formula used:

Volume of a cuboid = Length × Breadth × Height

Area of a rectangle = Length × Breadth

Calculation:

volume of a room is 924

Length × Breadth × Height = 924  -----(1)

area of the floor is 132

Length × Breadth = 132  ------(2)

Divided (1) by (2)

We get,

Height = \(\frac{924}{132}\)

= 7 m

Height of the room is 7 m

Answer is 7 m.

Given:

A = (0.16)1/2, B = (0.6)2, C = (0.125)1/3

Calculation:

A = \((\frac{16}{100})^{\frac{1}{2}}\) = \((\frac{4}{10})\) = 0.4

B = \((\frac{6}{10})^{2}\) = \((\frac{36}{100})\) = 0.36

C = \((\frac{125}{1000})^{\frac{1}{3}}\) = \((\frac{5}{10})\) = 0.5

0.5 > 0.4 > 0.36

C > A > B

∴ The correct answer is C > A > B.

Given:

\((0.\overline {09} \times 4.\overline 8 )\)

Calculation:

let x = .0909 and 100x = 9.0909;

=100x - x = 9.0909 - .0909

= 99x = 9 ; x = 9/99 = 1/11;

let y = 4.88 10y = 48.88 ;

= 9 y = 48.88 - 4.88; y = 44/9

= \(( \frac{1}{11} \times \frac{44}{9})\)

= \((\frac{4}{9})\)

= 0.444444......

Answer is \(0.\overline 4\).