DSSSB Junior Secretariat Assistant Official paper (Held on: 4 April 2022 Shift 3 ) (Previous Year Paper)

The logic followed here is:

​PRSV is related to LNOR.

And, 

RTUX is related to BDEH.

Similarly,

Hence, the correct answer is "MOPS".

According to the given information:

By using the BODMAS rule:

÷ is interchanged with + and vice-versa.

− is interchanged with × and vice-versa**.**

The equation becomes as follows;

• 96 ÷ 12 - 47 + 5 × 16

Solving the given equation,

=  96 ÷ 12 - 47 + 5 × 16

= 8 - 47 + 5 × 16

= 8 - 47 + 80

= 88 - 47

= 41

Hence, the correct answer is "41".

According to the given information:

• The □ means the member is a male.
• The o means the member is a female.
• = represents matrimonial relations.

 

1. Z is the father of Y.

2. Y is the brother of X.

3. X is the sister of V and is married to U, who is the father of T. 

We can deduce the following diagram:

​From the given diagram:

• We can see that X is the daughter of Z.
• X is married to U, which means U is her husband.
• Together they have a child T.

​Therefore from the given information, we can say that Z is T's Mother's Father.

Hence, the correct answer is "Mother's Father".

According to the given information:

​​

1. Mukesh is the son of Varun's daughter.
2. Rajat is the only son of Varun.
3. Rajat's son is Nishant.​

This diagram can be deduced,

​​

• Mukesh's mother is the daughter of Varun.
• Rajat is Varun's only son.
• So Mukesh is Rajat's sister's son.
• So Mukesh is the nephew of Rajat.

​Hence, the correct answer is "Nephew".

According to the given information:

• Pritam starts walking towards the west.
• Then he takes a left turn.
• Then he takes another left turn.
• Then he takes another left.
• Then he takes 2 consecutive right turns within a short distance.

So from the following, this diagram can be deduced,

As we can see from the diagram he is currently walking in the south direction.

Hence, the correct answer is "South"

According to the given information:

Original word - TELEVISION

1^st and 6^th letters in the word TELEVISION are interchanged.

• So the word becomes - IELEVTSION.​

​​Then 2^nd and 7^th letters are interchanged.

• So the final word becomes - ISLEVTEION.

​If the position of the 1^st and 6^th letters in the word TELEVISION are interchanged, similarly the position of the 2^nd and 7^th letter are interchanged and so on. Then we get:

​

• After interchanging all letters we will get:

​

• 6^th letter from the right = N.
• The 4^th to the left of the 6^th letter from the right = I.​

Hence, the correct answer is "I".

The logic followed here is:

1 is subtracted from the squares of the numbers.

• 9² = 81.
• ​81 - 1 = 80.
• ​17² = 289.
• ​289 - 1 = 288.​

Similarly,

• 23² = 529.
• ​529 - 1 = 528.

​

​Hence, the correct answer is "528".

The logic followed here is:

Similarly,

From the given options only FAKE – AFEK – KEFA follows the same logic;

 

Hence, the correct answer is "FAEK – AFEK – KEFA".

According to the given information:

M is smaller than Q, Q is smaller than C, C is equal to X, X is smaller than E, and E is greater than Z.

• M < Q < C = X < E > Z.

So, Q is smaller than C, C is equal to X, X is smaller than E, and E is greater than Z.

• Q < C = X < E > Z.

Therefore, Q is smaller than X, X is smaller than E, and E is greater than Z.

• Q < X < E > Z.

So, Q is smaller than E, and E is greater than Z.

• Q < E > Z.

As Q and Z both are smaller than E, we cannot establish a definite relation between Q and Z.

Hence, the correct answer is "Can’t be said definitely".

According to the given information:

• ‘+’ means ‘÷’,
• ‘–’ means ‘×’,
• ‘÷’ means ‘+’
• and ‘×’ means ‘–’

By using the BODMAS rule:

Given expression: 8 – 1 ÷ 72 + 8 × 3

After interchange the signs:

The equation becomes as follows,

• 8 × 1 + 72 ÷ 8 - 3

Solving the given equation,

= 8 × 1 + 72 ÷ 8 - 3

= 8 × 1 + 9 - 3

= 8 + 9 - 3

= 17 - 3

= 14

Hence, the correct answer is "14".

The alphabets are positioned in the following order:

Given word - ABUNDANT

The word can be represented as follows.

So, in the forward direction "AB"

Thus, there are only 1 pairs of letters in the word ABUNDANT according to the English alphabetical series in both forward and backward directions.

Hence, the correct answer is "1".

According to the given information:

• Raj walks 18 km towards the west,
• Then turns left and walks 18 km,
• Then turns left again and walks 18 km.

So from the following, this diagram can be deduced,

As we can see from the diagram he is currently walking in the East direction.

Hence, the correct answer is "East"

By using the BODMAS rule:

​

• ‘M’ means 5,
• ‘+’ means ‘÷’,
• ‘–’ means ‘×’.

Given equation: 12 – M + ? = 5 – 2

The equation becomes as follows;

• 12 × 5 ÷ ? = 5 × 2

​Solving the given equation,

= 12 × 5 ÷ ? = 5 × 2

= 60 ÷ ? = 5 × 2

= 60 ÷ ? = 10

= ? = 60 ÷ 10

= 6

Hence, the correct answer is "6".

Given

Statement:

R ≥ I, Z = W < I, P ≥ R > C

After combining the

Statement:

• P ≥ R ≥ I > W = Z, P ≥ R > C

According to the given information:

R is greater than or equal to I, Z is equal to W, W is smaller than I, P is greater than or equal to R, and R is greater than C.

Conclusion 1: P > W

• P is greater than or equal to R, R is greater than or equal to I which is greater than W.
• P ≥ R ≥ I > W.
• ​So, P is greater than or equal to I which is greater than W.
• So, conclusion 1 is true.

​Conclusion 2: C < Z 

• C is smaller than R, and R is greater than or equal to I which is greater than Z.
• C < R ≥ I > Z
• So, C is smaller than R, and R is greater than Z.
• ​C < R > Z.

A definite relation cannot be established between C and Z.

Hence, the correct answer is "On**ly* I*".

The logic followed here is:

• LANGUAGE is written as OZMTFZTV.

• The alphabets are placed right below their opposite alphabets as they are placed in the chart.

Similarly,

• LITERATURE be written as,

Hence, the correct answer is "ORGVIZGFIV"

According to the given information:

• +  means brother,
• × means husband,
• % means mother,
• –  means sister.

1) E × F % G + I – H → E is the husband of F, F is the mother of G, G is the brother of I, and I is the sister of H.

"I" is the daughter of E.

2. E × F % G + H + I → E is the husband of F, F is the mother of G, G is the brother of H, and H is the sister of I.

I's gender is not defined.

3. E × F % G – I + H → E is the husband of F, F is the mother of G, G is the sister of I, and I is the brother of H.

"I" is the son of E. This is true.

4. E × F % G + H – I  → E is the husband of F, F is the mother of G, G is the brother of H, and H is the sister of I.

I's gender is not defined.

From the above diagram, only option 3 satisfies the condition of "I" being the son of E.

In options 2 and 4, the gender of I is not definite.

Hence, the correct answer is "E × F % G – I + H"

The logic followed here is:

3 is added to the squares of the numbers.

• 92 = 81.
• ​81 + 3 = 84.
• ​362 = 1296.
• ​1296 + 3 = 1299.​

Similarly,

• 332 = 1089.
• ​1089 + 3 = 1092.

​​Hence, the correct answer is "1092".

According to the given information:

From the above image, we can conclude that,

 

So, the code for "All" is 4.

Hence, the correct answer is "4".

According to the given information:

A, B, C, D and E have different heights.

1. B is taller than D but shorter than A,

• A > B > D

​

2. C is the shortest and A is not the tallest.

So A will be the second tallest.

• E > A > B > D > C

From the given diagram we can see that E is the tallest.

Hence, the correct answer is "E"

According to the given information:

1. ‘A’ represents the number of letters immediately preceding a symbol.

• A = Letter → Symbol 
• Ѱ 9 Z 6 √ D 8 Ø M ÷ 3 K ! 7 N 4 Ω S 8 % P 9 # Y $ 2 T.
• Letters immediately preceding a symbol are M, K, and Y.
• A = 3

2. ‘B’ represents the number of symbols immediately following a number.

• B = Number → Symbol 
• ​Ѱ 9 Z 6 √ D 8 Ø M ÷ 3 K ! 7 N 4 Ω S 8 % P 9 # Y $ 2 T,
• Symbols immediately following a number are √, Ø,  Ω, %, and #.
• B = 5

​3) ‘C’ represents the number of numerals immediately preceding a letter.

• C = Number → Letter
• ​Ѱ 9 Z 6 √ D 8 Ø M ÷ 3 K ! 7 N 4 Ω S 8 % P 9 # Y $ 2 T.
• Numerals immediately preceding a letter are 9, 3, 7, 2.
• C = 4

​Therefore, the correct ascending order of numbers represented by A, B and C:

• A < C < B is the ascending order.

Hence, the correct answer is "A, C, B"$.

The logic followed here is:

• The number of compartments in the figure = The Number of sides of that figure.

• The number of sides is decreasing by - 1 in each next figure.

Hence, the correct answer is "option 4".

The logic followed here is:

• B is the mirror image of A.
• When the mirror is placed on the right side of A we get the mirror image of B.

​

Similarly,

When the mirror is placed on the right side of C we get the mirror image of D.

Hence, the correct answer is "option 2"

The paper when unfolded will appear as follows:

When we unfold the given question figure the quarterly circles should become semicircles, and the middle square should become a rectangle.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 2".

Confusion Points Option 1: 

• The position of the inner rectangle is tilted.

Thus only option figure "2" will be correct.

The logic followed here is:

The 1^st numbers of the series are increasing by +4.

• 21 + 4 = 25
• 25 + 4 = 29
• 29 + 4 = 33
• 33 + 4 = 37

​The alphabets in the series are increasing by +3.

• K(11) + 3 = N(14)
• N(14) + 3 = Q(17)
• Q(17) + 3 = T(20)
• T(20) + 3 = W(23)

​The 3^rd number in the series is increasing gradually by +8.

• 42 + 8 = 50
• 50 + 8  = 58
• 58 + 8 = 66
• 66 + 8 = 74

​

​Hence, the correct answer is "37W74".

The logic followed here is:

• The lower alphabets are +4, +8, and +12 of the upper alphabets respectively.

Similarly, 

Among the given options only PHN : TPZ follows the same logic.

Hence, the correct answer is "PHN: TPZ".

According to the given information:

Friends: P, Q, R, S, and K, facing north.

• K and S are at the extreme ends.

• Q is third to the left of S.

• S sits immediately next to R.

• Thus the final arrangement:

Thus P sits in the middle position.

Hence, the correct answer is "P".

The logic followed here is:

All follow the same pattern, except NPM.

Hence, the correct answer is "NPM"

The logic followed here is:

• The alphabet and numbers are increasing by +2.

Hence, the correct answer is "VW64".

Alternate Method

​The alphabets in the series are according to their alphabetical order.

• PQ.
• RS.
• TU.
• VW.
• XY.

The numbers are multiples of 4, which are squares of natural numbers such that,

• 4 = 4 × 1 = 1².
• 16 = 4 × 4 = 2².
• 36 = 4 × 9 = 3².
• 64 = 4 × 16 = 4².
• 100 = 4 × 25 = 5².

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Hence, the correct answer is "VW64".

The logic followed here is:​​

As per the above chart:

1. WATER-YCVGT.

2) HKTG-FIRE.

3) SHIFT-UJKHV.

4) FIRE-HKTG.

All follow the same pattern, except HKTG-FIRE.

Hence, the correct answer is "HKTG-FIRE".

The logic followed here is:

• All the figures contain a left semi-shaded portion on the top.
• All figure's bottom lines extend and bend to the right, except for figure 2.

Thus option 2 figure is different.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 2".

The least possible diagram is as follows:

Conclusions:

I. Some cockroaches are insects. - True (From the figure we can clearly see that some part of cockroaches intersects with insects).

II. Some lizards are cockroaches - False (There is no direct relation between lizards and cockroaches. It may be possible but not definite)

​Hence, the correct answer is "Only conclusion I follow".

According to the given information:

Friends: Smith, Kriss, Luies, Donald, and Rosy are facing north.

• Donald is sitting at the extreme right end.

• Rosy is third to the right of Luies.

• Smith is sitting to the immediate left of Rosy.

• The only position left for Kriss is 2^nd from left.

• Thus the final arrangement:

Thus, Kriss sits at the second position from the left end.

Hence, the correct answer is "Kriss".

The logic followed here is:

• The 1^st alphabet of the series is decreased by -2.
• The number changes by -2 and +5 simultaneously.
• The 2^nd alphabet of the series is decreased by -2.

​

Hence, the correct answer is "D43C".

Alternate Method

• The alphabets in the series are placed in their reverse alphabetical order.
• J_I_H_G_F_E_D_C_B_A:
• The number changes by -2 and +5 simultaneously.

Hence, the correct answer is "D43C".

The logic followed here is:

• The difference between the difference of numbers is increasing by +2.

​Hence, the correct answer is "146".

According to the given information:

1)  Anamika is the 13^th from the left side, and Mridula is the 17^th from the right side.

=> The number of students in a row = Mridula's position from left + Mridula's position from right - 1.

=> Mridula's position from left = The number of students in a row - Mridula's position from right + 1.

=> Mridula's position from left = 67 - 17 + 1 = 51.

=> Students between Anamika and Mridula = Mridula's position from left - Anamika's position from left - 1.

=> Students between Anamika and Mridula = 51 - 13 - 1 = 37

Hence, the correct answer is "37".

Alternate MethodAccording to the given information:

1) Anamika is the 13^th from the left side.

2) Mridula is the 17^th from the right side.

3) There are 67 students in total.

12 + Anamika + 37 + mridula + 16 = 67 students

Hence, the correct answer is "37".

The logic followed here is:

• The figure follows a particular pattern of diamonds, triangles, and ovals.

 

The figure that completes the pattern is shown below.

Hence, the correct answer is "option 2"

Confusion PointsOption Figure 3: The diagram is similar, just the difference of a slant line.

The logic followed here is:

• In the sequence, one figure is inverted in each step.

• The position of the inverted figure is changing in a clockwise direction by 90 degrees.

• Hence, the next diagram should have an inverted figure in the bottom position.

Hence, the correct answer is "option 2"

Confusion Points

4) 

• here both the figures are inverted.

The logic followed here is:

The different numbers in this series follow a sequence n² where n < 4, and a prime number.

• 121 - 96 = 25 = 5²
• 170 - 121 = 49 = 7²
• 291 - 170 = 121 = 11²

^​Therefore the difference between the next number should be 13² i.e 169.

​Hence, the correct answer is "460".

According to the given information:

From the given figure;

We can see that the shaded part denotes the Post Graduates which are neither athletes nor Men section which is given as 16.

Hence, the correct answer is "16".

According to the given information:

From the given figure;

We can see that the shaded part denotes the athletes that are both men and postgraduates section which is given as 2.

Hence, the correct answer is "2".

The correct answer is King Mahabali.

Key Points

• Onam is an annual Malayali harvest festival celebrated in the state of Kerala.
• It is the official festival of the state and includes a spectrum of cultural events.
• Onam is celebrated to honour the home-coming of a mythical-demon king Mahabali.
• He is the grandson of Prahlada and a descendant of sage Kashyapa.

Additional Information

• Sir Sri Rama Varma, known as the Rajarshi of Cochin and as Abdicated Highness, was the ruler of the Kingdom of Cochin from 1895 to 1914.
• King Rajendra was the Chola king under who the Chola Dynasty was expanded to its greatest extent, dominating trade throughout the Indian Ocean.
• King Harshavardhana of the Vardhana dynasty was one of the most important Indian emperors of the 7^th Century whose empire extended from north India to the Narmada River in central India.

The correct answer is Jupiter is the second largest planet in the solar system.

Key Points

• Jupiter is the fifth planet from the Sun and the largest in the Solar System.
• It is a gas giant with a mass more than two and a half times that of all the other planets in the Solar System combined, but slightly less than one-thousandth the mass of the Sun.
• It is also known as the winter planet as its average temperature is very low.

Additional Information

• The Moon is Earth's only natural satellite of the earth.
• It is about one-quarter of Earth in diameter.
• In the Solar System, it is the fifth largest satellite.
• Saturn is the sixth planet from the Sun and the second-largest planet in our solar system.

The correct answer is John Newlands.

Key Points

• British chemist John Newlands was the first to arrange the elements into a periodic table with increasing order of atomic masses.
• He found that every eight elements had similar properties and called this the law of octaves.
• He arranged the elements in eight groups but left no gaps for undiscovered elements.

Additional Information

• Dmitri Ivanovich Mendeleev was a Russian chemist and inventor.
• He is best known for formulating the Periodic Law and creating a farsighted version of the periodic table of elements.
• Marie Curie was a Polish and naturalized-French physicist and chemist who conducted pioneering research on radioactivity.
• She is remembered for her discovery of radium and polonium, and her huge contribution to finding treatments for cancer.
• Together with her husband, she was awarded half of the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1903, for their study into the spontaneous radiation discovered by Becquerel, who was awarded the other half of the Prize.
• In 1911 she received a second Nobel Prize, this time in Chemistry, in recognition of her work in radioactivity.
• Johann Wolfgang Döbereiner was a German chemist who is best known for work that foreshadowed the periodic law for the chemical elements.
• He invented the first lighter, which was known as the Döbereiner's lamp.

The correct answer is Albert Einstein.

Key Points

• Albert Einstein was a German-born theoretical physicist.
• He is widely acknowledged to be one of the greatest and most influential physicists of all time.
• Einstein is best known for developing the theory of relativity.
• He also made important contributions to the development of the theory of quantum mechanics.

Additional Information

• Ernest Rutherford postulated the nuclear structure of the atom, discovered alpha and beta rays, and proposed the laws of radioactive decay.
• He received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1908.
• In 1932, James Chadwick made a fundamental discovery in the domain of nuclear science.
• He proved the existence of neutrons – elementary particles devoid of any electrical charge.
• WC Röntgen is chiefly associated with his discovery of the rays that he called c-rays.
• In 1901 he won the Nobel Prize for Physics for his discovery of the photoelectric effect.

The correct answer is li​chens are a symbiotic partnership of a fungus and an alga.

Key Points

• Lichens are a symbiotic collection of fungi and algae.
• Lichens are important as early stage primary succession organisms.

Additional Information

• A mycorrhiza is a mutualistic relationship between a fungus and a plant.
• Symbiosis is a term describing any relationship or interaction between two dissimilar organisms.
• A parasitic relationship is one in which one organism, the parasite, lives off of another organism, the host, harming it and possibly causing death.

The correct answer is Bajrang Punia.

Key Points

• Bajrang Punia is an Indian freestyle wrestler, who competes in the 65-kg weight category.
• At the 2020 Tokyo Olympics, Punia won a bronze medal.
• Punia is the only Indian wrestler to win 3 medals at the World Wrestling Championships.

Additional Information

• Ravi Kumar Dahiya is an Indian freestyle wrestler who won a silver medal at the 2020 Tokyo Olympics in the 57 kg category.
• Dahiya is also a bronze medallist from 2019 World Wrestling Championships and a three-time Asian champion.
• PR Sreejesh is an Indian professional field hockey player who plays as a goalkeeper and former captain of the Indian national team.
• He plays in the Hockey India League for Uttar Pradesh Wizards.
• Neeraj Chopra is an Indian track and field athlete who is the reigning Olympic champion and world championship silver medalist in javelin throw.
• He is the first Asian athlete to win an Olympic gold medal in men's javelin throw.

The correct answer is Maharashtra.

Key Points

• Gudhi Padwa is a spring-time festival that marks the traditional new year for Marathi and Konkani Hindus.
• Maharashtra's legendary warrior, Chhatrapati Shivaji first started celebrating Gudi Padwa after his victory.
• Since then Gudi Padwa is celebrated in every Marathi household to welcome the New Year.

Additional Information

• Gudi Padwa is also celebrated in Madhya Pradesh.
• West Bengal celebrates Poila Boisakh which symbolises the start of a new fiscal year and marks the beginning of harvest season.
• Sarhul is the tribal New Year festival celebrated by various tribes in Jharkhand region.

The correct answer is Russia and Kazakhstan.

Key Points

• The Caspian Sea is the world's largest inland body of water, often described as the world's largest lake or a full-fledged sea.
• The countries bordering it are Russia, Iran, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan.

Additional Information

• The Beaufort Sea basin countries are the USA and Canada.
• The Aral Sea basin countries include Russia and Afghanistan.
• The Red Sea basin countries include Israel and Egypt.

The correct answer is Bail Pola Festival.

Key Points

• Bail Pola Festival is a thanksgiving festival celebrated by farmers in Maharashtra and Chhattisgarh, to acknowledge the importance of bulls and oxen, who are a crucial part of agriculture and farming activities.
• It falls on the day of the Pithori Amavasya in the month of Shraavana.

Additional Information

• Maghi is the regional name of the Hindu festival of Makar Sankranti celebrated in Punjab and Himachal Pradesh.
• It is one of the major Indian harvest festival celebrated in January of every year.
• Bhai Dooj marks the end of the five-day festivities of Diwali.
• It is celebrated to mark the bond and love between a sister-brother relationship.
• Raja Parba, also known as Mithuna Sankranti, is a three-day-long festival of womanhood celebrated in Odisha, India.
• The second day of the festival signifies beginning of the solar month of Mithuna from, which the season of rains starts.

The correct answer is Lectins.

Key Points

• Concanavalin A is a lectin originally extracted from the jack-bean.
• Lectins are defined as proteins that bind to carbohydrates.
• Certain types of lectin may bind with the walls of your digestive system which can lead to serious problems.
• However, Concanavalin A activates T cells and natural killer cells and triggers anticancer immune responses.

Additional Information

• An alkaloid is a class of naturally occurring organic nitrogen-containing compounds that are frequently found in the plant kingdom.
• Examples - morphine, codeine, coniine, quinine, scopolamine, hyoscamine, atropine, caffeine, sangunarine, berberine, etc.
• Toxins are substances created by plants and animals that are poisonous (toxic) to humans.
• Examples - Cherry Pits, Apple Seeds, Elderberries, Nutmeg, Green Potatoes, etc.
• Terpenes, also known as terpenoids are the largest and most diverse group of naturally occurring compounds.
• Examples - citral, menthol, camphor, salvinorin A in the plant Salvia divinorum, the cannabinoids found in cannabis,and ginkgolide and bilobalide found in Ginkgo biloba.

The correct answer is by applying pressure and reducing temperature.

Key Points

• Gas liquefaction involves cooling gas to a temperature below its boiling point so that it can be stored and transported in its liquid phase.
• The gases can be converted into liquids by bringing its particles closer.
• So, atmospheric gases can be liquefied either by decreasing temperature or by increasing pressure, sometimes a mix of both.

Additional Information

• As the temperature increases, the volume of the gas also increases due to an expansion of gas molecules.
• As the temperature decreases, the volume of the gas also decreases due to the contraction of gas molecules.

The correct answer is Interest Payments.

Key Points

• Expenditure on interest payment in Budget 2022-23 is estimated to be Rs 9,40,651 crore, which is 23.8% of the government's expenditure.

Additional Information

• The defence expenditure for India is ₹5.25 lakh crore for 2022-23, which is 12.8% of the government's expenditure.
• The subsidies expenditure for India is ₹3.17 lakh crore for 2022-23, which is 7.71% of the government's expenditure.
• The healthcare expenditure for India is ₹86,200 crore for 2022-23, which is 2.1% of the government's expenditure.

The correct answer is developing semi-dwarf wheat.

Key Points

• Norman Ernest Borlaug was an American agronomist.
• He led initiatives worldwide that contributed to the extensive increases in agricultural production termed the Green Revolution.
• He took up an agricultural research and developed semi-dwarf, high-yield, disease-resistant wheat varieties.
• In 1970 Norman E. Borlaug was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for a lifetime of work to feed a hungry world.

Additional Information

• Parbhani Kranti is a lady's finger variety which is resistant to the yellow mosaic virus.
• Indian Rice Research Institute develops rice varieties that are resistant to major insect pests and diseases such as blast, bacterial blight, sheath blight, and tungro virus.

The correct answer is Petroleum.

Key Points

• Petroleum, also called crude oil, is a fossil fuel.
• Like coal and natural gas, petroleum was formed from the remains of ancient marine organisms, such as plants, algae, and bacteria.

Additional Information

• Coke is a grey, hard, and porous coal-based fuel with a high carbon content and few impurities.
• It is made by heating coal or oil in the absence of air - a destructive distillation process.
• Coal gas is a gaseous mixture of mainly hydrogen, methane, and carbon monoxide.
• It is formed by the destructive distillation of bituminous coal and used as a fuel.
• Coal tar is a thick dark liquid which is a by-product of the production of coke and coal gas from coal.

The correct answer I​t is the brightest star in Earth's night sky.

Key Points

• Sirius is the brightest star in the night sky.
• Its name is derived from the Greek word Seirios, meaning 'glowing' or 'scorching'.
• Sirius is located in a rather small constellation, Canis Major.

Additional Information

• Venus, although a planet, is often called the 'Morning Star'.
• It is always found in the west direction during the morning.
• It is the hottest planet in our solar system.

The correct answer is Avani Lekhara.

Key Points

• Avani Lekhara is an Indian Paralympian and rifle shooter.
• She won a Gold Medal in 10m air rifle standing and a Bronze Medal in 50m rifle 3 positions at Tokyo 2020 Paralympics.

Additional Information

• Bhavina Hasmukhbhai Patel is an Indian parathlete and table tennis player from Mehsana, Gujarat.
• She won a silver medal in Class 4 Table tennis at the 2020 Summer Paralympics in Tokyo.
• Prachi Yadav is an Indian parathlete from Bhopal who was the only one to qualify kayaking and canoeing for 2020 Summer Paralympics.
• Jyoti Balyan is a Indian parathlete and an archer.

The correct answer is Makar Sankranti.

Key Points

• Makar Sankranti is also called Uttarayan, Maghi, Sankranti, Til Sakraait, or Maghe Sankranti.
• 'Sankranti' here means ‘transfer’.
• It marks the first day of the sun's transit into Makara rashi (Capricorn).
• International Kite Festival is celebrated in the state of Gujarat on this day.

Additional Information

• Chaitra Sukladi, commonly referred as Ugadi and Gudi Padwa, is the Hindu Tradition calendar's first day of the New Year.
• This is also a sign for heralding the start of the harvest season.
• Nuakhai or Navakhai or is an agricultural festival mainly observed by people of Western Odisha and Southern Chhattisgarh in India.
• Nuakhai is observed to welcome the new rice of the season.
• Vasant Panchami, also called Saraswati Puja in honor of the Hindu goddess Saraswati, is a festival that marks the preparation for the arrival of spring.

The correct answer is a ​miniaturised device that integrates into a single chip one or several analyses, which are usually done in a laboratory.

Key Points

• A lab-on-a-chip is a device that integrates one or several laboratory functions on a single integrated circuit of only millimeters to a few square centimeters.
• Also called microfluidic device, it uses very small amounts of fluid on a microchip to do certain laboratory tests.
• It may use body fluids or solutions containing cells or cell parts to diagnose diseases.

Additional Information

• Microfluidics emerged in the beginning of the 1980s.
• It is used in the development of inkjet printheads, DNA chips, lab-on-a-chip technology, micro-propulsion, and micro-thermal technologies.
• Electron-beam lithography or EBL is the practice of scanning a focused beam of electrons to draw custom shapes on a surface covered with an electron-sensitive film called a resist (exposing).
• The primary advantage of electron beam lithography is that it can write custom patterns with sub-10 nm resolution.

The correct answer is Haripala.

Key Points

• Sangeeta Sudhakara was written by Haripala in the 14^th century CE.
• The term ‘Carnatic’ and ‘Hindustani’ to classify musical styles first appeared in it.

Additional Information

• Sarangadeva wrote Sangita Ratnakara, a treatise on music-related performance arts tradition.
• Bharata Muni wrote the Natyashastra, the earliest literature on music and drama.
• Matanga Muni wrote the Brihaddeshi, an early treatise on classical Indian music.

The correct answer is third.

Key Points

• Mamata Banerjee is an Indian politician who is serving as the ninth and current chief minister of West Bengal.
• She has been serving since 20 May 2011, for three consecutive terms now.
• She is the first woman to hold the office of Chief Minister in West Bengal.

Additional Information

• Article 164 of the Constitution deals with the Chief Minister’s office.
• A leader of the party that has got the majority share of votes in the assembly elections, is appointed as the Chief Minister of the state.
• A person who is not a member of the state legislature can be appointed as Chief Minister for six months, within which time, they should be elected to the state legislature, failing which they cease to be the Chief Minister.

The correct answer is 2011

Key Points

• The Census was first started under British Viceroy Lord Mayo in 1872.
• The 15^th Census of India and the 7^th Census of Independent India - 2011 were started on 1^st April 2010 with President being the first citizen to be enumerated.
• The slogan of census 2011 was ‘Our Census, Our future.
• C. Chandramouli was the Census Commissioner of India in 2011.

Additional Information

• The population of the nation as per the provisional figures of Census 2011 is 1210.19 million of which 623.7 million (51.54%) are males and 586.46 million (48.46%) are females.
• Uttar Pradesh is the most populous state in India.
• Some important facts of Census 2011;

1. State with the highest population density  - Bihar
2. State with the lowest population density - Arunachal Pradesh
3. Union territory with least population - Lakshadweep
4. State with the highest population - Uttar Pradesh
5. State with the lowest population - Sikkim
6. State with the highest sex ratio - Kerala
7. State with the lowest sex ratio - Haryana
8. State with the highest literacy rate - Kerala
9. State with the lowest literacy rate - Bihar

The correct answer is 1971

Key PointsAct For Prevention of Insults to National Honour 1971:

• The law was enacted on December 23, 1971.
• It penalises the desecration of or any insult to the national symbols like the National Flag, National Anthem, and Indian Map as well as the contempt of the Constitution of India.

​Section 2 of the Act

• THE PREVENTION OF INSULTS TO NATIONAL HONOUR ACT, 1971, was enacted by Parliament in the Twenty-second Year of the Republic of India.
• According to this Act, Whoever in any public place or in any other place within public view burns, mutilates, defaces, defiles, disfigures, destroys, tramples upon, or (otherwise shows disrespect to or brings) into contempt (whether by words, either spoken or written, or by acts) the Indian National Flag or the Constitution of India or any part thereof, shall be punished with imprisonment for a term which may extend to three years, or with fine, or with both.

Additional Information

• The Flag Code of India is a set of laws and conventions concerning the use, display, and hoisting of the Indian national flag in the country.
• The Flag Code of India, 2002 was amended on December 30, 2021, which allowed the use of polyester or machine-made flags. Thus, the National Flag can now be made in cotton, polyester, wool, silk or khadi. It can be woven by hand or made by a machine.

The correct answer is Amir Khusrau

Key Points

• Amir Khusrau was a prolific classical poet associated with the royal courts of more than seven rulers of the Delhi Sultanate.
• Amir Khusrau is also called as Indian Parrot.
• Alauddin Khilji patronized Amir Khusrau who was with him in several military conquests also.
• Chaap Tilak is a beautiful poem that was written and composed by the renowned poet Amir Khusro in the 14^th century.

Additional Information

Ziauddin Barani:

• He was the first known Muslim to write the history of India.
• Barani saw all kings of Delhi from Balban to Firuz Shah Tughlaq.
• Tarik-i-Firozshahi book was written by Ziauddin Barani.

Ibn Battuta:

• He was a medieval Muslim traveller who wrote one of the world's most famous travel logs, the Riḥlah.
• Battuta contributed to the movement of Dar al Islam and preserved the influences that Islam had on the globe.

Sheikh Ahmad Sirhindi:

• He was an Indian mystic and theologian who was largely responsible for the reassertion and revival in India of orthodox Sunnite Islam.
• He was a social reformer, great Alim, Sufi and Mujaddid. He initiated a process of social change, inspired by the Islamic Ideal,

The correct answer is Article 130

Key Points

• Article 130 is the Seat of the Supreme Court. The Supreme Court shall sit in Delhi or in such other place as the Chief Justice of India may, with the approval of the President, from time to time, appoint.
• The Indian Constitution under Article 124(1) states that there shall be a Supreme Court of India consisting of a Chief Justice of India (CJI) and 33 judges.
• The Supreme Court of India is the supreme judicial authority of India and is the highest court of the Republic of India under the constitution.

Important Points

• India is a federal State having a single and unified judicial system with a three-tier structure, i.e., Supreme Court, High Courts, and Subordinate Courts.
• Supreme Court was Established on 1 October 1937 (as the Federal Court of India) and on 28 January 1950 (as the Supreme Court of India).
• The Jurisdiction of the Supreme Court of India can broadly be categorised into original jurisdiction, appellate jurisdiction, and advisory jurisdiction.
• Supreme Court is known as the Guardian of our Constitution.

Additional InformationArticle 133:

• Article 133 deals with the provisions of Appellate Jurisdiction of the Supreme Court in appeals from High Courts in regard to Civil matters.

Article 145:

• Article 145 gives to the Supreme Court power to frame rules including rules regarding conditions on which a person can practice before the Supreme Court.

Article 140:

• Article 140 of the Indian Constitution mentions the Ancillary powers of the Supreme Court.
• Parliament may by law make provision for conferring upon the Supreme Court such supplemental powers not inconsistent with any of the provisions of the Constitution.

The correct answer is There is a legal sanction against their violation

Key Points

• The Fundamental Duties are dealt with in Article 51A under Part-IV A of the Indian Constitution.
• Swaran Singh Committee in 1976 recommended incorporating Fundamental Duties in the Constitution.
• 42^nd Amendment Act of 1976 added 10 Fundamental Duties to the Indian Constitution.
• 86^th Amendment Act 2002 later added the 11^th Fundamental Duty to the list.

Important Points

• The idea of Fundamental duties was borrowed from the USSR constitution.
• Fundamental duties like DPSP are non-justiciable.
• Fundamental Duties apply only to citizens and DO NOT EXTEND TO FOREIGNERS.
• Both moral and civic duties have been laid down under the fundamental duties.
• The fundamental duties are not enforceable in nature.

No legal sanction can be enforced by the government in case of their violation.

The correct answer is Lord Dalhousie

Key Points

• Lord Dalhousie was the Governor-General of India from 1848 to 1856.
• In December 1852, at the conclusion of the second Anglo-Burmese War, the British annexed the southern and coastal regions of Burma (known as Lower Burma).
• He introduced the Doctrine of Lapse policy which turned out to be one of the major causes of the Revolt of 1857.
• Lord Dalhousie, the Governor General of India earned the title of "Maker of Modern India". He introduced several reforms in India which led the way for the modernisation of India.
• In India, Dalhousie established railways, telegraphs, and postal facilities.
• He also established the Public Works Department and the passage of the Widow Remarriage Act (1856) took place under him.

Additional Information

Lord Hastings:

• He served as Governor General of India from 1813 to 1823, a long ten years term.
• His tenure is known for a policy of intervention and war. Two important wars; Gurkha War and Third Anglo-Maratha war occurred during his tenure.
• He simplified the judicial proceedings and abolished the Censorship Act.

Lord Auckland:

• Between 1836 to 1842, Lord Auckland served as Governor General of India.
• During his tenure, the first Anglo-Afghan war gave a severe blow to British Prestige in India.
• He was termed the most unsuccessful Governor-General of India.

Lord Canning:

• He was the Governor-General of India during the Indian Revolt of 1857, as well as the first Viceroy of India after the East India Company was transferred to the Crown of Queen Victoria in 1858 after the rebellion was crushed.
• The Indian Councils Act of 1861, the Indian Civil Services Act of 1861, the Indian High Courts Act of 1861 and the Indian Penal Code of 1862 were all passed during his term.

The correct answer is 2015.

Key Points

• The 100 National Smart Cities Mission in India was launched by Prime Minister Narendra Modi on June 25, 2015.
• Smart Cities Mission is an urban renewal and retrofitting programme launched by the Government of India to develop smart cities and make them citizen friendly and sustainable.
• The Union Ministry of Urban Development is responsible for implementing the mission in collaboration with state governments.

Additional Information

• The objective of the smart city initiative is to promote sustainable and inclusive cities that provide core infrastructure to give a decent quality of life, and a clean and sustainable environment through the application of some smart solutions such as data-driven traffic management, intelligent lighting systems, etc.
• A smart city is envisaged to have four pillars, Social Infrastructure, Physical Infrastructure, Institutional Infrastructure (including Governance), and Economic Infrastructure. The centre of attention for each of these pillars is the citizen.

The correct answer is Mahapadma Nanda.

Key Points

• Mahapadma Nanda was the first Emperor of the ancient Indian Nanda Empire (During the 4^th century BCE)
• He was given the moniker "Destroyer of Kshatriyas".
• He established Pataliputra (Patna, Bihar) as his kingdom's capital.
• Because of his enormous army, he is also known as Ugrasena in Pali scriptures.

Additional InformationChandragupta Maurya :

• Chandragupta was the founder of the Mauryan dynasty (reigned 321–297 BCE) and the first emperor to unify most of India under one administration.
• During his reign, the Maurya Empire stretched from Bengal and Assam in the East to Afghanistan and Balochistan in the West, to Kashmir and Nepal in the North, and to the Deccan Plateau in the South.

Kalashoka :

• Kalashoka or Kakavarna was Shishunaga's son and successor.
• According to Buddhist scripture, King Kalashoka was the sponsor of the Second Buddhist Council, which was convened at Vaishali 100 years after Lord Buddha's Maha Parinirvana.
• The Shishunaga dynasty came to an end when Kalashoka was brutally assassinated, allegedly by the founder of the Nanda dynasty.

Ashoka :

• Ashoka the Great (268-232 BCE) was the third king of the Mauryan Empire.
• At its height, under Ashoka, the Mauryan Empire stretched from modern-day Iran through almost the entirety of the Indian subcontinent.
• He is called great because of his model rule based on peace and compassion that helped in unifying the culturally diverse empire under a centralised administration.

The correct answer is The Narmada

Key Points

• The Narmada, the largest west-flowing river of the Peninsula, rises near the Amarkantak range of mountains in Madhya Pradesh.
• It is the fifth largest river in the country and it traverses Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra and Gujarat and meets the Gulf of Cambay.
• Narmada river is called Lifeline of Madhya Pradesh.

Additional Information

The Ganga :

• The Ganga is the longest river in India flowing over 2,510 km of mountains, valleys and plains.
• It originates in the snowfields of the Gangotri Glacier in the Himalayas as the Bhagirathi River.
• About 79% area of the Ganga basin is in India and its basin covers 11 states.

The Indus :

• The Indus is a transboundary river of Asia and a trans-Himalayan river of South and Central Asia.
• It originates in the Tibetan Plateau in the vicinity of Lake Mansarovar.
• The total length of the river is 3,180 km (1,980 mi). It is Pakistan’s longest river.

The Brahmaputra :

• The Brahmaputra river is known as the Tsangpo river in Tibet. It has one of the largest river basins of South Asia.
• After flowing through Tibet, it enters into India through Arunachal Pradesh and flows through Assam and Bangladesh before it joins the Bay of Bengal.
• It is called Jamuna in Bengal and Bangladesh and Tsangpo in China & Tibet.

The correct answer is Enumerators

Key Points

• An enumerator is a professional who conducts visits and surveys to residents to compile data for demographic and economic profiles of citizens that is Census.
• Duties of an enumerator include the following: inquire about a variety of specific information including a person’s name, age, religious preference, address and state of residency.
• Also, he gathers, records and encodes information from a survey.

Additional InformationData Collectors:

• The Data Collection Officer is responsible for the planning, coordination and implementation of data collection projects.

Surveyors:

• A surveyor is someone who estimates or measures the dimensions of the land.
• Surveyors provide professional advice on a range of construction-related matters.
• Surveyors help make maps and are important when planning new buildings.

The correct answer is Samaveda

Key Points

• "Sama Veda" is an ancient Hindu scripture and one of the four main Vedas of Hinduism.
• It is a collection of melodies and chants, and is also called the "Book of Song," "Veda of Chants" or even "Yoga of Song."
• It is basically the words of the "Rig Veda" put to music.
• Gandharvaveda deals with various aspects of aesthetics including art forms like music, dance, poetry, sculpture, erotica etc. It is associated with Samaveda.

Additional Information

Rigveda:

• The Rig Veda is the earliest of the four Vedas and one of the most important texts of the Hindu tradition.
• It is a large collection of hymns in praise of the gods, which are chanted in various rituals.
• Ayurveda is a Upveda of Rigveda.

Atharvaveda:

• The Atharvaveda is commonly referred to as the "Veda of magical formulae".
• This Veda enumerates all of life's routines in great detail.
• It comprises three fundamental Upanishads – Mundaka Upanishad, Mandukya Upanishad, and Prashna Upanishad – and is known as a Veda of magical formulae.

Yajur Veda: 

• The Yajur Veda (“Worship Knowledge” or “Ritual Knowledge”) consists of recitations, ritual worship formulas, mantras, and chants directly involved in worship services.
• Yajurveda was written by Veda Vyasa.

The correct answer is 60 days.

Key Points

• Article 101 of the Constitution of India lays down conditions for declaring a parliamentary seat vacant.
• If any MP is absent for a continuous period of sixty days (60) without permission, the house can declare his seat as vacant. Hence MPs submit leave applications when they are absent from the house for a relatively long period.

 Additional InformationA seat can become vacant in either house of Parliament in the following situations: 

1. If a member resigns from the House or vacates his/her seat simply by writing to the Speaker or the Chairman indicating about him vacating the seat.
2. If a member is absent from the House without permission for a period of 60 days.
3. If a member is disqualified on the grounds of defection according to norms laid down under the Anti-Defection Law.
4. If a member is subjected to any of the disqualifications laid down by the Constitution or an Act of Parliament.
5. If a person is a member of the State Legislature and is elected to the Parliament.

The correct answer is 12 crores

Key Points

Revenue deficit = revenue expenditure - revenue receipts

                            = revenue expenditure - ( tax revenue + non tax revenue)

                            = 90 - ( 36 + 42 )

                            = 90 - ( 78 )

                            = ₹12 crore

Additional Information

• Revenue deficit can be calculated by subtracting total revenue expenditure from total revenue receipts.
• If the fiscal deficit is constant, a higher revenue deficit means the government or business bears a higher load of repayment.
• Revenue Deficit = Revenue expenditure - Revenue receipts.

The correct answer is 1927

Key Points

• At its **Madras Session in 1927, presided over by Dr. Ansari (**not by Maulana Abul Kalam Azad), the Indian National Congress decided to boycott the Simon Commission.
• The Muslim League and the Hindu Mahasabha decided to support the Congress decision.
• Also, an Adoption of a resolution on Purna Swaraj took place in this session.

Additional Information1905 Session :

• Took place in Benaras.
• President: Gopal Krishan Gokhale
• The formal proclamation of the Swadeshi movement against the government.

1915 Session :

• Took place in Bombay.
• President: Sir S.P. Sinha
• The Constitution of the Congress was altered to admit the delegates from the extremist section.

1911 Session :

• Took place in Calcutta.
• President: B.N. Dhar
• First-time recital of Jan-Gan-Man in Congress session.

The correct answer is Himachal Pradesh

Key Points

• Census was first started under British Viceroy Lord Mayo in 1872. It helped in framing new policies, and government programs to uplift areas of improvement in the community. 2011 was the 7^th Census after Independence.
• The percentage of decadal growth during 2001-2011 was 17.70%, 3.84% lower than the 1991-2001 period. The percentage of decadal growth during 2001-2011 has registered the sharpest decline since independence.
• The people residing in Urban areas constitute 31.2% of the Indian Population (around 37 crores), while the Rural Area nests 68.8% of the Indian Population.

Additional Information

• According to Census 2011, the highest percentage of the Rural Population resides in Himachal Pradesh.

Most Populated States -

• Uttar Pradesh (20 crores)
• Maharashtra (11 crores)
• Bihar (10 crores)

Most Populated Union Territories -  

• Delhi (1.67 Crore)

The Least Populated States -

• Sikkim (6 Lakh)
• Mizoram (10 Lakh)

Least Populated Union Territories-

• Lakshadweep (64, 000)

States With Highest Growth Rate -

• Meghalaya (+27.9%)
• Arunachal Pradesh (+26%)

The correct answer is The Peninsular Plateau

Key Points

• The Peninsular plateau is a tableland composed of the old crystalline, igneous and metamorphic rocks.
• It was formed due to the breaking and drifting of the Gondwana land and thus, making it a part of the oldest landmass.
• On the basis of prominent relief features, the peninsular plateau can be divided into three broad groups:

1. The Central Highlands.
2. The Deccan Plateau.
3. The Northeastern Plateau.

Additional Information

The Northern Plains :

• The northern plain has been formed by the interplay of the three major river systems, namely the Indus, the Ganga, and the Brahmaputra along with their tributaries.
• The Northern Plains are divided into 4 regions based on variations in relief from north to south. They are bhabar, terai, bhangar and khadar.
• These plains extend from the state of Haryana, including Delhi, Uttarakhand, and Uttar Pradesh, parts of Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Bihar, and Jharkhand to West Bengal. The total extent from west to east is about 3200 kilometers and is one of the most fertile regions of India.

Himalayan Mountains :

• The Himalaya Mountains are folded mountains. This means that tectonic plates under the surface clashed together, moving the earth atop it upwards.
• The northernmost is the Great Himalaya or Himadri. The world's highest peaks are located in this range.
• Middle Himalaya or Himachal is located to the south of Himadri.
• The Shiwalik is the southernmost range.

The Coastal Plains :

• The coastal plain is a flat, low-lying piece of land next to the ocean.
• The Coastal Plains of India lie on either side of the Deccan Plateau, along the western and eastern coasts of India.
• They extend for about 6,150 km from the Rann of Kutch in the west to West Bengal in the east.
• They are broadly divided into the Western Coastal Plains and the Eastern Coastal Plains.

The correct answer is 1992

Key Points

• National Commission for Women was set up as a statutory body in January 1992 under the National Commission for Women Act, 1990, to review the Constitutional and legal safeguards for women.
• It recommends remedial legislative measures, facilitates redressal of grievances, and advises the Government on all policy matters affecting women.

The Commission shall consist of:-

• A Chairperson, committed to the cause of women, to be nominated by the Central Government.
• five Members to be nominated by the Central Government from amongst persons of ability, integrity, and standing who have had experience in law or legislation, trade unionism, management of an industry potential of women, women's voluntary organisations ( including women activist ), administration, economic development, health, education or social welfare;
• Provided that at least one Member each shall be from amongst persons belonging to the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes respectively;
• a Member-Secretary to be nominated by the Central Government.

Additional InformationList of Chairpersons: 

1. Ms. Jayanti Patnaik
2. Dr.

V. Mohini Giri 3. Ms. Vibha Parthasarathi 4. Dr. Poornima Advani 5. Dr. Girija Vyas 6. Ms. Mamta Sharma 7. Ms. Lalitha Kumaramangalam 8. Ms.Rekha Sharma (Acting Chairperson) 9. Ms. Rekha Sharma

The correct answer is AD is negatively related to income.

Key Points

• Aggregate demand(AD) is a measurement of the total amount of demand for all finished goods and services produced in an economy.
• Aggregate demand consists of all consumer goods, capital goods (factories and equipment), exports, imports, and government spending.
• As household wealth increases, aggregate demand usually increases as well thus Aggregate demand is positively related to investment.

Additional Information

• Aggregate demand over the long term equals gross domestic product (GDP) because the two metrics are calculated in the same way.
• GDP represents the total amount of goods and services produced in an economy while aggregate demand is the demand or desire for those goods.

The correct answer is Ghasidas 

Key Points

• The Satnami movement in Central India was founded by Ghasidas.
• He worked among the leatherworkers and organised a movement to improve their social status.
• The sects like Satnamis were founded by leaders who came from Non-Brahman castes and worked amongst them.
• They tried to change those habits and practices which provoked the contempt of dominant castes.
• They also tried to create a sense of self-esteem among the subordinate castes.
• Guru Ghasidas was a remarkable social reformer among the dispersed community of this region almost 200 years ago.
• He made efforts to eliminate the practice of untouchability and emphasized fraternity and social harmony.

Additional Information

Gopal Ganesh Agarkar:

• Gopal Ganesh Agarkar was born on 14 July 1856 in Tembhu in the Satara district of Maharashtra.
• Gopal Ganesh Agarkar was a proponent of rationalism, individualism, equality, and humanism.
• He also supported Widow Remarriage & fought for it.
• He believed in the role of Education in the empowerment of both women and men.

Beni Madhab Das

• Beni Madhab Das was an erudite Bengali scholar, a renowned teacher and a great patriot in British India.
• With his dedication and patriotism, he was considered an ideal teacher.
• He presided over the All-India Theistic Conference at Kakinada, now in Andhra Pradesh, in 1923.
• His presidential speech was later published in a booklet entitled Modern Theistic Movement in India.

Baba Amte

• Murlidhar Devidas Amte, popularly known as Baba Amte.
• He was an Indian social worker and social activist known particularly for his work for the rehabilitation and empowerment of people suffering from leprosy.
• He is also known as the modern Gandhi of India.

The correct answer is Damodar river valley

Key Points 

• The most important Gondwana coal fields of India are located in Damodar Valley.
• About 80 per cent of the coal deposits in India are of a bituminous type and is of non-coking grade.
• They lie in the Jharkhand Bengal coal belt and the important coalfields in this region are Raniganj, Jharia, Bokaro, Giridih, and Karanpura.
• The other river valleys associated with coal are the Godavari, Mahanadi, and Son.
• The Raniganj coalfield is the oldest coal mine in India. It was first mined in 1774.
• Gondwana rocks (Chhota Nagpur Plateau) are the richest mineral deposits in India.
• Coal is found in sedimentary rocks beneath rock surface and is often called “Black Gold”.

Additional Information

Narmada river valley:

• It is the largest flowing river in the state of Madhya Pradesh.
• This river flows through Madhya Pradesh and Gujarat states of India.
• It is also known as the "Life Line of Madhya Pradesh and Gujarat" due to its huge contribution to the two states in many ways.

Cauvery river valley:

• Cauvery is an easterly flowing river of the Peninsular India that runs across three of the southern Indian states i.e. Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Kerala and a Union Territory of Puducherry.
• The fourth largest river in the southern region.
• The rocks in the entire basin are predominantly metamorphic and igneous.
• The hydropower potential of the basin has been assessed as 1359 MW at 60% load factor.

Mahanadi river valley:

• Mahanadi Coalfields Limited was carved out of South Eastern Coalfields Limited in 1992 with its headquarters at Sambalpur.
• Ib Valley Coalfield is located in the Jharsuguda district in the Indian state of Odisha, in the valley of the Ib River, a tributary of the Mahanadi. ′
• This coalfield forms part of the large Gondwana basin that extends across several districts in adjoining Chhattisgarh.

Shortcut Trick

When equal distances are covered at different speeds, the Harmonic Mean of the speeds gives the Average Speed.

For two speeds x and y covering equal distances:

Average Speed = 2xy ÷ (x + y)

∴ The correct answer is (2xy) / (x + y) km/h.

Alternate Method

Given:

Speed for first part = x km/h

Speed for second part = y km/h

Distance for each part = d (assumed equal)

Formula Used:

Average Speed = Total Distance ÷ Total Time

Time = Distance ÷ Speed

Calculations:

⇒ Total Distance = d + d = 2d

⇒ Time for first part (t₁) = d/x

⇒ Time for second part (t₂) = d/y

⇒ Total Time = (d/x) + (d/y) = d(x + y) / xy

⇒ Average Speed = 2d ÷ [d(x + y) / xy]

⇒ Average Speed = (2d × xy) / [d(x + y)]

⇒ Average Speed = 2xy / (x + y)

∴ The correct answer is (2xy) / (x + y) km/h.

Additional Information

Average Speed for Three Equal Distances

If three equal distances are covered at speeds x, y, and z, the average speed is 3xyz ÷ (xy + yz + zx).

Average Speed for Equal Time Intervals

If a person travels at speed x for time T and speed y for the same time T, the average speed is the Arithmetic Mean: (x + y) ÷ 2.

Relative Speed

For two objects moving in the same direction, relative speed is |x − y|. In opposite directions, it is (x + y).

Given:

the average of n and 11 is 2n

Formula used:

Total Sum = Average × Number of terms

Calculation:

n + 11 = 2n × 2

n + 11 = 4n

n = 11/3

The average of n and 13/3,

= (11/3 + 13/3)/2 

= (24/3)/2

= 8/2

= 4

Answer is 4.

Additional InformationAverage of n natural numbers = (n+1)/2

Average of n odd numbers = n

Average of n even numbers = n+1

Given:

A shopkeeper offers 10% discount and still makes a profit of 20%

Marked Price = Rs. 500

Formula used:

Marked Price (100 - Discount) = Cost Price (100 + Profit)

Calculation:

Marked Price (100 - Discount) = Cost Price (100 + Profit)

500 (100 - 10) = Cost Price (100 + 20)

500 (90) = Cost Price (120)

Cost Price = \(\frac{500 \times 90}{120}\)

= 125 × 3

= 375

Answer is Rs. 375.

Shortcut Trick

Volume of Cylinder = Volume of 9 Spheres

π × r² × h = 9 × (4/3) × π × r³

Since radii are same: h = 9 × (4/3) × r

h = 12 × r = 12 × 75 cm = 900 cm

h = 9 m

∴ The correct answer is 9 m.

Alternate Method

Given:

Radius of Cylindrical Rod (r) = 75 cm = 0.75 m

Number of Spherical Balls (n) = 9

Radius of each Sphere (R) = r = 75 cm = 0.75 m

Formula Used:

Volume of Cylinder = π × r² × h

Volume of Sphere = (4/3) × π × R³

Calculations:

⇒ Volume of Rod = 9 × Volume of one Sphere

⇒ π × r² × h = 9 × (4/3) × π × r³

⇒ h = 3 × 4 × r

⇒ h = 12 × 75 cm

⇒ h = 900 cm

⇒ h = 900 ÷ 100 m = 9 m

∴ The correct answer is 9 m.

Additional Information

Volume Conservation

When one solid is melted and recast into another, the total volume remains constant.

Cylinder Properties

Curved Surface Area = 2 × π × r × h | Total Surface Area = 2 × π × r × (r + h).

Sphere Properties

Surface Area of Sphere = 4 × π × r².

Given:

\({\left( {76} \right)^2} \div ,,\sqrt[3]{{54872}}\)

Calculation:

\({\left( {76} \times 76 \right)} \div ,,\sqrt[3]{{38 \times 38 \times 38}}\)

= \({\left( {76} \times 76 \right)} \times\frac{1}{38}\)

= 76 × 2

= 152

Answer is 152.

Concept:

Following are the rules to solve Cryptarithmetic Questions:

1. Every Character/letter must have a unique and distinct value.
2. The values of a character/letter can not be changed and should remain the same throughout.
3. Starting character of a number can not be zero example – 0341 should be simply 341.
4. The problem will have only and only one solution.
5. The addition of two similar numbers is always even.
6. In the case of the addition of two numbers, if there is carry then, the carry can only be 1.
7. Once all the characters/letters are replaced with numbers, arithmetic operations must be correct.

Calculation:

Given:

\(\begin{array}{l} 1,{\rm{;A}}\ \underline { \times {\rm{;A}}} \ 9{\rm{;;A}} \end{array}\)

 

In the given problem,

in unit digit (A × A =  kA) as the unit digit of resultant value.

The probability would be (1 × 1 = 1), (5 × 5 = 25), and (6 × 6 = 36).

From the option, (A = 1) or (A = 6) will be the possible answer.

So, A = 1 it doesn't give 9 as the ten's digit of the resultant value.

If A = 6

\(\begin{array}{l}3 \1,{\rm{;6}}\ \underline { × {\rm{;6}}} \ 9{\rm{;;6}} \end{array}\)

Answer is A = 6.

Given:

A top is in the form of a cone placed on a hemisphere, such that the radius of the cone and the hemisphere are the same

The height of the cone part is 8 cm and slant height is 10 cm

Formula used:

where r is radius and h is height

Slant height² = radius² + height²

Volume of a cone = \(\frac{1}{3}\pi r^2h\)

Volume of a cylinder = \(\pi r^2h\)

Volume of a hemisphere = \(\frac{2}{3}\pi r^3\)

Concept used:

When a Form is melted down and formed into some other form

then, Both the volumes are same

Calculation:

The height of the cone part is 8 cm and slant height is 10 cm

10² = radius² + 8²

100 = radius² + 64

radius² = 36

radius = 6 cm

this solid is melted and cast into a cylinder of the same height as that of the top, and the volume of the cylinder is K π CC

Volume of the cone + Volume of the hemisphere = Volume of the cylinder

\(\frac{1}{3}\pi \times 6^2 \times 8\) + \(\frac{2}{3}\pi \times 6^3\) =  K π

\( 12 \times 8\) + \({2} \times 72\) = K 

96 + 144 = K 

K = 240

Answer is 240.

Confusion PointsThe sentence "The volume of the cylinder is K pi cc" indicates that the volume of the cylinder, calculated using its radius and height, is equal to  K pi  cubic centimeters, where  K  is a specific constant value.

Given:

A man covers three-fifth of his 400 km long journey by bus at 50 km/h

the next nine-tenth of the remaining journey by scooter at 24 km/h

he cycles the remaining distance at 16 km/h

he takes a break of 30 minutes after travelling by bus

Formula used:

Average Speed = Total Distance/Total Time

Total Distance = Speed × Time taken

Calculation:

Distance covered by bus at 50km/hr = 3/5 of 400

= 1200/5

= 240km

Distance covered by scooter at 24km/hr = 9/10 of Remaining Distance

= 9/10 of (400 - 240)

= 9/10 of 160

= 144km

Remaining Distance covered by cycle at 16km/hr = 400 - 240 - 144

= 16 km

Average speed = \(\dfrac{400}{\dfrac{240}{50}+\dfrac{144}{24}+\dfrac{16}{16}+30min}\)

= \(\dfrac{400}{4.8+6+1+0.5}\)

= \(\dfrac{400}{12.3}\)

= 32.52(approx.)km/hr

Answer is 33.

Given:

The revenue of a shop in the month of March was ₹40,000

In the month of April, the shopkeeper announced a discount of 20% and hence his sales went up by 20%

Formula used:

Revenue = Sales × Price

Calculation:

let the sales in month march be 5,

Price of the shop in month march = 40,000/5

= 8000

In the month of April, the shopkeeper announced a discount of 20% and hence his sales went up by 20%

Price of the shop in April at 20% discount =  8000 (100 - 20)%

= 8000 × \(\frac{80}{100}\)

= 6400

His sales went up by 20%,

Sales in April = 5 × \(\frac{100+20}{100}\)

= 120/20

= 6

Revenue in April month = 6400 × 6

= 38400

Answer is 38400.

Given:

Marked Price = 45000

Discount 1 = 8%

Selling Price = 37260

Formula used:

Selling Price = Marked Price (100 - Discount 1)% (100 - Discount 2)%

Calculation:

37260 = 45000 × (100 - 8)% (100 - Discount 2)%

\(37260 = 45000 \times \frac{92}{100} \times \frac{100-Discount2}{100}\)

\(37260 = 45 \times {92} \times \frac{100-Discount2}{10}\)

\(\frac{37260 \times 10}{45 \times {92}} = {100-Discount2}\)

90 = 100 - Discount 2

Discount 2 = 10%

Answer is 10%.

Alternate MethodGiven:

Marked Price = 45000

Discount 1 = 8%

Selling Price = 37260

Formula used:

Successive Discount = Discount 1 + Discount 2 - Discount 1 × Discount 2 / 100

Discount % = \(\frac{Marked\ Price - Selling\ Price}{Marked\ Price} \times 100\)

Calculation:

Discount % = \(\frac{Marked\ Price - Selling\ Price}{Marked\ Price} \times 100\)

= \(\frac{45000 - 37260}{45000} \times 100\)

= \(\frac{774}{45}\)

= 17.2%

Let other discount be a

17.2 = 8 + a - 8 × a / 100

17.2 - 8 - a = - 8a/100

9.2 - a =  - 8a/100

920 - 100a = - 8a

920 = 92a

a = 10

Other discount is 10%

Answer is 10%.