DSSSB Junior Secretariat Assistant Official paper (Held on: 3 April 2022 Shift 2 ) (Previous Year Paper)

Drawing the diagram according to the given information,

1. walked 15 km towards the south.
2. Then he turned to his left and walked 15 km.
3. From there he took a right turn and walked 15 km

• So, Rakesh is in the "South" direction now.

Hence, “South” is the correct answer.

Given:

{(15.98 ÷ 3.98) × 6 - 2.19 + 8.02} ÷ 15.02 = ? 

Taking round figure

{(16 ÷ 4) × 6 - 2 + 8} ÷ 15

= {4 × 6 - 2 + 8} ÷ 15

= {24 - 2 + 8} ÷ 15

= (32 - 2) ÷ 15

= 30 ÷ 15

= 2

Hence, “2” is the correct answer.

According to the given information

From the figure it can be concluded that:

The code for "forests" is "1".

The code for "give" is "3".

Therefore, from statement II

‘oxygen’ is coded as "2".

Hence, '2’ is the correct answer.

Given Options:

(A) G © T 6

Given: T © 6 G ¥ B 7 C 6 ≠ 3 H 9 $ 4 P Ʊ 7 U ∑ @ E % L 8 ≤ 2 K 

(B) 9 3 ≠ H

Given: T © 6 G ¥ B 7 C 6 ≠ 3 H 9 $ 4 P Ʊ 7 U ∑ @ E % L 8 ≤ 2 K 

(C) 2 8 L ≤

Given: T © 6 G ¥ B 7 C 6 ≠ 3 H 9 $ 4 P Ʊ 7 U ∑ @ E % **L **8 ≤ 2 K 

(D) U Ʊ 7 P

Given: T © 6 G ¥ B 7 C 6 ≠ 3 H 9 $ 4 P Ʊ 7 U ∑ @ E % L 8 ≤ 2 K 

(E) 4 9 H $

Given: T © 6 G ¥ B 7 C 6 ≠ 3 H 9 $ 4 P Ʊ 7 U ∑ @ E % L 8 ≤ 2 K 

Hence, "D" is the different one.

Family Chart:

माता 

Given:

'J  × H' means 'J is brother of H'

'J + H' means 'J is father of H'

'J ÷ H' means 'J is daughter of H'

'J - H' means 'J is the wife of H'

Let us first decode the given symbols and then draw a family tree.

Now break the code ‘S ÷ X + W + T’

1) S ÷ X

‘S ÷ X’ means 'S is daughter of X'.

2) X + W

'X + W' means 'X is father of W'.

3) W + T

'W + T' means 'W is father of T'.

Now, check all the options

1)  S is mother of T → False (S is the aunty of T)

2)  S is daughter of T→ False (S is the aunty of T)

3)  S is sister of T's father → True (T’s father is W and S is the sister of W)

4)  T is sister of S's father → False (S father is x and X is the grandfather of T)

Hence, “S is sister of T's father ” is the correct answer.

The table is alphabets place value:

Given:

Similarly,

Option(2)

Hence, "Option (2)" is the correct answer.

1. B's mother is the only daughter of F.

2. C is the son of F and D.

3. G is the son of C and E.

4. F is father of B's ​​mother.

Hence, D is the "Father’s mother" of G.

Drawing the diagram according to the given information,

• Seher rode her bicycle in the north direction.
• She turned left and rode for 7 km.
• She again turned left and rode for 5 km.
• Finally she was 7 km towards west from her starting point.

 

Hence, “5 km” is the correct answer.

The Place value Table:

Two pairs of word which have as many letters between them as there are in the English alphabetical order

Hence, "Two" is the correct answer.

Mean marks = Total marks of all students ÷ total students

So,

Total marks of all students = Mean marks × total students

Given:

1) Mean marks obtained by a class of 50 students are 75.

Total marks of all students = Mean marks × total students

= 75 × 50

= 3750

2) The mean marks of half (25) of the student are found to be 55.

Total marks of all students = Mean marks × total students

= 55 × 25

= 1375

3) Remaining 25 students total marks.

Total marks of reaming 25 students = Total marks of all students - Total marks of 25 students

= 3750 - 1375

= 2375

So,

4) The mean of the remaining 25 students

The mean of remaining 25 students = Total marks gain remaining 25 students ÷ 25

= 2375 ÷ 25

= 95

Hence, the mean of remaining students is ‘95’.

The given statement is: P < R < A = D ≠ E = F 

Conclusions:

I. D > R → True (as R < A = D given; as R < A and A = D so D > R true)

II. P < D → True (as P < R < A = D; given as R < D and P < R so P < D true)

Hence, the correct answer is “Both I and II”.

The table is alphabets place value:

The pattern followed here is:

UNWILLINGNESS is written as FMDROORMTMVHH

Similarly,

'PROCRSTINATION' = ?

Hence, 'PROCRSTINATION' is coded as "KILXIHGRMZGRLM".

Additional Information

The pattern followed here is:

(1^st number)² + 3 = 2^nd number

Now follow the steps:

17 ∶ 292 

= 17² + 3

= 289 + 3

= 292 = 2nd number

And,

15 ∶ 228 

= 15² + 3

= 225 + 3

= 228 = 2^nd number

Similarly,

21 ∶ ?

= 21² + 3

= 441 + 3

= 444 = 2^nd number

Hence, "444" is correct answer.

The pattern followed here is:

1^st number + 39 = 2^nd number

Now follow the steps:

87 ∶ 126 

= 87 + 39

= 126 = 2^nd number

And,

117 ∶ 156

= 117 + 39

= 156 = 2nd number

Similarly,

93 ∶ ?

= 93 + 39

= 132 = 2nd number

Hence, "132" is correct answer.

Preparing the family tree using the following symbols,

Given:

1. Shivam is the son of the brother of Rani's mother.

2. Ritu and Ana are the sisters of Shivam.

3. Anil is married to Aparna, who is Ana's mother.

This Means Ana’s father is the brother of rani’s mother.

Hence, Rani is the "Cousin" of Ritu.

Decoding the information, 

Given:

9 - M ÷ ? × 1 = 2

Let the question mark be z.

After replacing the signs from left to right and using the BODMAS rule,

=> 9 ÷ 3 + z - 1 = 2

=> 9 ÷ 3 + z - 1 = 2

=> 3 + z – 1 = 2

=>2 + z = 2

=> z = 2 - 2

=> z = 0

Hence, “0” is the correct answer.

The table is alphabets place value:

Given:

Similarly,

Option(1)

Hence, "Option (1)" is the correct answer.

The given statement is: P ≥ Q = Z ≤ S = M > N 

Conclusions:

I. P ≥ Z → True (as P ≥ Q = Z given; as P ≥ Q and Q = Z so P ≥ Z true).

II. P < S → False (as P ≥ Q = Z ≤ S gives either P ≤ S or P ≥ S and no definite relation between P and S can be determined).

Hence, the correct answer is “Only I is true”.

Given word: “VISION”

According to the English alphabet series and its positional value:

Each vowel is replaced by the previous letter and then new word is:

“V H S H N N”

Each consonant is replaced with the next letter and then new word is:

“W H T H N O”

Total number of consonant is “5” (W, H, T, H, N)

Hence, total “5” consonants will be there in the newly formed word.

Decoding the information, 

Given:

91 - 13 ÷ 16 + 67 × 32 = ?

After replacing the signs from left to right and using the BODMAS rule,

After replacing signs: 91 ÷ 13 × 16 - 67 + 32

= 91 ÷ 13 × 16 - 67 + 32

= 7 × 16 - 67 + 32

= 112 – 67 + 32

= 144 – 67

= 77

Hence, “77” is the correct answer.

Now check all the options as compared with Option (1)

Note:

• only the figure changes its position in a clockwise direction, not the figure rotates its own position.

Hence, "Option (2)" is a different one

The table is alphabets place value:

The pattern followed here is:

 

Hence, 'WU60' is the correct answer.

Given figure:

Important Points 

• The image must not be rotated.

Hence, option (4) is the correct answer.

Let,

The number of boys is = B

The number of girls is = G

Given:

1) In a class of 36 students, the number of girls is double the number of boys.

=> B + G = 36 ----------- (i)

=> G = 2B ----------- (ii)

From eq.

(ii) putting the value of G in eq.

(i) => 2B + B = 36

=> 3B = 36

=> B = 12

Putting the value of B in eq.

(ii) => G = 2B = 2 × 12 = 24

=> G = 24

We know that,

2) The rank of Mayank's sister Kavyanshi is 12^th from the top and the rank of 7 girls is higher than Kavyanshi.

=> Total number of girls = Girls whose ranks are upper than Kavyanshi + Girls whose ranks are lower than Kavyanshi + 1(Kavyanshi)

=> Girls whose ranks are lower than Kavyanshi = Total number of girls - Girls whose ranks are upper than Kavyanshi – 1

=> Girls whose ranks are lower than Kavyanshi = 24 – 7 – 1 = 24 – 8 = 16

Hence**, “16”** number of girls whose ranks are lower than Kavyanshi.

The pattern followed here is:

1. Figure 1^st to 3^rd one sign increase in the figure.

2. Figure 2^nd to 4^th one sign increase in the figure.

3. Figure 3^rd to 5^th one sign increase in the figure.

Final series is

Hence, ‘option 2’ is the correct answer.

Table show alphabet serial number –

The pattern followed is,

All follow the same pattern, except 'QUT’.

Hence, “QUT” is the odd one.

The pattern followed here is:

Hence, '62' is the correct answer.

The pattern followed here is:

Hence, '209' is the correct answer.

The table is alphabets place value:

The logic is here is:

1 B 3 D 5, 7 H 9 J 11, 15 P 17 R 19

Similarly,

In option (3)

19 T 21 V 23 

Hence, "Option (4)" is the correct answer.

The image obtained when the paper is unfolded is,

Hence, option 3 is the correct answer.

1)  In a row of 83 students, Krishna and Swati stand 23^rd from the left and 36^th from the right.

=> The number of students in the row = Swati position from the left + Swati position from the right - 1

=> Swati position from the left = The number of boys in the row - Swati position from the right + 1

=> Swati position from the left = 83 – 36 + 1 = 84 – 36 = 48

2) Krishan and Swati position from the left.

=> Students between Krishna and Swati = Swati position from the left - Krishna position from the left - 1

=> Students between Krishna and Swati = 48 - 23 – 1 = 48 – 24 = 24

Hence, total “24” students in the row.

The figure that will replace the question mark (?) in the following figure series is shown below:

• The upper right side figure shifted to the lower left side and flip vertically.
• The lower left side figure is removed.
• The new figure is added in place of the upper right side figure.

Final series is

Hence, ‘option 4’ is the correct answer.

The table is alphabets place value:

The pattern followed here is:

 

Hence, 'M(-1)K' is the correct answer.

The logic is here:

Total 5 Vowels in alphabets series: A, E, I, O, U

Now check all the options

1)  EIO → Ascending Order

2)  UIE → Descending order

3)  IOU → Ascending Order

4)  AEI → Ascending Order

Hence, “Option (2)”  is a different one.

The pattern followed here is:

• The upper side figure flip vertically.

Similarly,

• The upper side figure flip vertically.

Hence, 'Option (4)' is the correct answer.

Given:

1. There are only four boxes between the yellow box and the blue box.

 

2. The red box is just below the blue box and just above the purple box.

 

• But case II is not possible because only seven boxes are available.

3. The green box is kept at the bottom-most position.

 

• Only Magenta and Orange Colour are only left so the final arrangement is:

 

Hence, “Blue” is the colour of the box that is at the topmost position.

Statements:

• All walls are windows.
• All windows are not floors.

The least possible diagram for the given statements is as follows

Conclusions:

I. Some floors are walls → False (Because all walls are windows and no window is floor so  some floors are walls it is not possible)  

II. All walls are not floors → True (Because all walls are windows and no window is floor so definitely all walls are not floors )  

Hence, “Only conclusion II follows".

The table is alphabets place value:

The pattern followed here is:

HIF is related to MNK

And,

RSP is related to WXU

Similarly,

Hence, 'JKH' is coded as "OPM".

The shaded part represents Self-employed who are neither Technicians nor Uneducated.

The letter representing S the Technicians who are Uneducated but NOT Self-employed = E

Hence, ‘E’ is the correct answer.

The shaded part represents Self-employed who are neither Technicians nor Uneducated.

 

The letter representing Self-employed who are neither Technicians nor Uneducated  = F

Hence, ‘F’ is the correct answer.

The correct answer is Momentum.

Key Points

• Vector quantities refer to the physical quantities characterized by the presence of both magnitudes as well as direction.
• For example, displacement, force, torque, momentum, acceleration, velocity, etc.
• Momentum is a property of a moving body that the body has by virtue of its mass and motion and that is equal to the product of the body's mass and velocity.
• Isaac Newton's second law of motion states that the time rate of change of momentum is equal to the force acting on the particle.

Additional Information

• Speed:
• Speed is the distance of a moving object in a given amount of time. Speed is also the distance covered by an object per unit time.
• Speed is a scalar quantity. SI unit of Speed is meter per second.
• Distance:
• Distance is a numerical measurement of how far apart objects or points are.
• Distance is a scalar quantity as it does not include any direction in its representation. SI unit of distance is a meter.
• Temperature:
• Temperature is a physical quantity that expresses how hot matter is, or as a measure of the average kinetic energy per atom or molecule in the system.
• Temperature is measured with a thermometer.
• The most common scales are the Celsius scale (formerly called "centigrade", denoted as °C), the Fahrenheit scale (denoted as °F), and the Kelvin scale (denoted as K).

The correct answer is Western Disturbance

Key Points

• The winter rains caused by Western Disturbance in the North-Western Plain of India gradually decreases from West to East as they gradually lost their effectiveness.
• Western Disturbance originates in the Mediterranean Sea as extratropical cyclones. A high-pressure area over Ukraine and neighborhood consolidates, causing the intrusion of cold air from Polar Regions towards an area of relatively warmer air with high moisture region.
• This generates favorable conditions for cyclogenesis in the upper atmosphere, which promotes the formation of an east-direction moving extratropical depression.
• They gradually travel across the middle-east from Iran, Afghanistan, and Pakistan to enter India.

Additional Information

• Western Disturbances:
• It plays important role in bringing moderate to heavy rain in low-lying areas and heavy snow to mountainous areas of the Indian Subcontinent.
• This disturbance is usually associated with a cloudy sky, higher night temperatures, and unusual rain.
• This precipitation has great importance in agriculture, particularly for the Rabi crops, for example - Wheat.
• However excessive precipitation due to this disturbance can cause crop damage, landslides, floods, and avalanches.
• Over the Indo-Gangetic plains, it occasionally brings cold wave conditions and dense fog.
• These conditions remain stable until disturbed by another western disturbance.
• When western disturbances move across northwest India before the onset of the monsoon, a temporary advancement of the monsoon current appears over the region.

The correct answer is Bhavinaben Patel

Key Points

• Bhavinaben Patel is an Indian parathlete and table tennis player from Mehsana, Gujarat.
• She won a silver medal in Class 4 Table tennis at the 2020 Summer Paralympics in Tokyo.
• Tokyo 2020 Paralympic Games, was an international multi-sport parasports event held from 24 August to 5 September 2021 in Tokyo, Japan.
• There were the 16^th Summer Paralympic Games as organized by the International Paralympic Committee.

Additional Information

• Avani Lekhara:
• Avani Lekhara is an Indian Paralympian and rifle shooter. She belongs to Rajasthan.
• She won a Gold Medal in 10m air rifle standing and a Bronze Medal in 50m rifle 3 positions at Tokyo 2020 Paralympics.
• She is also the first Indian woman to win multiple medals in a single Paralympic Games.
• Suhas Lalinakere Yathiraj:
• Suhas Lalinakere Yathiraj is an Indian professional Para-Badminton player currently ranked world No.2 in Men's Singles.
• He is a silver medalist in the SL-4 category in Tokyo Paralympics 2021.
• He is the only IAS officer in India to win a Paralympic medal and an Arjuna Award.
• Nishad Kumar:
• Nishad Kumar is an Indian Paralympian and high jumper.
• He made his maiden Paralympic Games appearance in 2020 Tokyo representing India and went on to claim a silver medal in the men's high jump T47 category with a new Asian record of 2.06m.

The correct answer is Kerala

Key Points

• ​Elelakkaradi:
• Elelakkaradi is a tribal dance that is common in districts like Palakkad situated in Kerala state, India.
• This is a whole community dance that is performed by women, men & children. The theme of Elelakkaradi is related to the fight of people against bears.
• The instrument used in Elelakkaradi is the drum. In Elelakkaradi, a mood of heroism is created by the participants.
• ​Kathakali: 
• Kathakali is the most well-known dance drama from Kerela.
• The word Kathakali literally means "Story-Play". It is known for its large, elaborate makeup and costumes.
• Kurumbarkali:​
• Kurumbarkali dance performance is conducted by the Kurumba tribe on marriage occasions.
• The relatives of the bride and bride groom perform this dance before marriage while the bride and the groom perform it after marriage.

Additional Information

• Assam - Bihu
• Bihu is the most popular folk dance in Assam.
• Bihu dances are performed by young boys and girls during the Bihu festivities which represent youthful passion, reproductive urge, and joy.
• Karnataka - Dollu Kunitha
• Dollu Kunitha is a traditional dance form in Karnataka.
• Dollu Kunithâ is high on energy and is performed all over the state during major festivals and celebrations.
• Manipur - Raas Leela
• The Manipuri Dance also referred to as the Manipuri Raas Leela, is one of the eight major Indian classical dance forms, originating from the state of Manipur.
• The dance form is imbued with the devotional themes of Madhura Raas of Radha-Krishna and is characterized by gentle eyes and soft peaceful body movements.

The correct answer is Cerebellum

Key Points

• The cerebellum (“little brain”) is a structure that is located at the back of the brain, underlying the occipital and temporal lobes of the cerebral cortex.
• It is located behind the medulla oblongata and the pons.
• Although the cerebellum accounts for approximately 10% of the brain's volume, it contains over 50% of the total number of neurons in the brain.
• In humans, the cerebellum plays an important role in motor control.
• It may also be involved in some cognitive functions such as attention and language as well as emotional control such as regulating fear and pleasure responses.
• Cerebellar damage produces disorders in fine movement, equilibrium, posture, and motor learning in humans.

Additional Information

• Sternum:
• The sternum is a partially T-shaped vertical bone that forms the anterior portion of the chest wall centrally.
• The sternum is divided anatomically into three segments: manubrium, body, and xiphoid process.
• The sternum connects the ribs via the costal cartilages forming the anterior rib cage.
• Synapses: 
• Synapses are part of the circuit that connects sensory organs, like those that detect pain or touch, in the peripheral nervous system to the brain.
• Synapses connect neurons in the brain to neurons in the rest of the body and from those neurons to the muscles.
• A synaptic connection between a neuron and a muscle cell is called a neuromuscular junction.
• Vomer:
• The vomer is a small, thin, plow-shaped, midline bone that occupies and divides the nasal cavity.
• The main function of the vomer is to form the nasal septum together with the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone and the nasal septal cartilage.

The correct answer is Hari Prasad Chaurasia.

Key Points

• Hariprasad Chaurasia is an Indian music director and classical flautist, who plays the flute, in the Hindustani classical tradition.
• The 2013 documentary film Bansuri Guru features the life and legacy of Chaurasia.
• He was awarded  Padma Vibhushan in 2000.
• Official Biography 'Breath of Gold' by Sathya Saran- 2019.
• The flute is a family of classical music instruments in the woodwind group. Unlike woodwind instruments with reeds, a flute is an aerophone or reedless wind instrument that produces its sound from the flow of air across an opening.

Additional Information

• Sultan Khan: 
• Ustad Sultan Khan was an Indian sarangi player and classical vocalist belonging to Sikar Gharana.
• He was one of the founding members of the Indian fusion group Tabla Beat Science, with Zakir Hussain and Bill Laswell.
• He was awarded the Padma Bhushan, India's third highest civilian honour, in 2010.
• Ravi Shankar:
• Ravi Shankar was an Indian sitarist and composer.
• A sitar, he became the world's best-known exponent of North Indian classical music in the second half of the 20^th century.
• Shankar was awarded India's highest civilian honour, the Bharat Ratna, in 1999.
• Sandeep Das:
• Sandeep Das is an Indian Tabla player and composer currently based in Boston, MA.
• His collaboration with Yo-Yo Ma for The Silk Road Ensemble - Sing Me Home - won the Grammy award for Best World Music Album at the 59^th Grammy Awards, 2017.

The correct answer is Bodh Gaya

Key Points

• The Mahabodhi Temple (literally: "Great Awakening Temple") a UNESCO World Heritage Site, is an ancient, but much rebuilt and restored, a Buddhist temple in Bodh Gaya, marking the location where the Buddha is said to have attained enlightenment.
• The site contains a descendant of the Bodhi Tree under which Buddha gained enlightenment, and has been a major pilgrimage destination for Buddhists.
• The temple complex includes two large straight-sided shikhara towers, the largest over 55 metres (180 feet) high.
• This is a stylistic feature that has continued in Jain and Hindu temples to the present day, and influenced Buddhist architecture in other countries, in forms like the pagoda.

Additional Information

Sanchi:

• Sanchi is a Buddhist complex, famous for its Great Stupa, on a hilltop at Sanchi Town in Raisen District of the State of Madhya Pradesh.
• The Great Stupa at Sanchi is one of the oldest stone structures in India and an important monument of Indian Architecture.
• It was originally commissioned by the Mauryan emperor Ashoka the Great in the 3^rd century BCE.
• Sanchi Stupa is depicted on the reverse side of the Indian currency note of ₹200 to signify its importance to Indian cultural heritage.

Ellora:

• Ellora is a UNESCO World Heritage Site located in the Sambhaji Nagar district of Maharashtra, India.
• It is one of the largest rock-cut Hindu temple cave complexes in the world, with artwork dating from the period 600–1000 CE.
• Cave 16 features the largest single monolithic rock excavation in the world, the Kailash temple, a chariot-shaped monument dedicated to the god Shiva.

Patna:

• Once the capital of the mighty Mauryan emperor Ashoka, Kusumpura (as Patna was then called), transformed into Pushpapura, followed by Pataliputra and Azeemabad to finally become Patna.
• Buddhist, Hindu, and Jain pilgrimage centres of Vaishali, Rajgir, Nalanda, Bodh Gaya, and Pawapuri are nearby and Patna City is a sacred city for Sikhs as the tenth Sikh Guru, Guru Gobind Singh was born here.

The correct answer is Chhattisgarh

Key Points

• Radhe Shyam Barle is a Panthi folk dancer and artist.
• Barle has made his contribution to promoting and disseminating the messages of Baba Guru Ghasidas through Panthi, a folk dance form in Chhattisgarh.
• Panthi dance is one of the important dance forms in the Chhattisgarh State of India.
• This Indian folk dance is basically a prominent ritual of the Satnami community of Chhattisgarh.
• The dance is very expressive in its depiction and is performed to the accompaniment of melodious songs.

Additional Information

Paika - Jharkhand

• Paika is one of the very famous dance forms of Jharkhand.
• In fact, it is a dance form where martial arts are mixed with some other dance steps. This is why the dance form is only performed by the male members of society.

Charkula - Uttar Pradesh

• Charkula is a dance performed in the Braj region of Uttar Pradesh.
• In this dance, veiled women balancing large multi-tiered circular wooden pyramids on their heads dance to songs about Krishna.
• Each pyramid has 108 lighted oil lamps arranged in a spiral. It is specially performed on the third day after Holi.

Jawara - Madhya Pradesh

• Jawara dance is a popular folk dance of Madhya Pradesh. It is mainly famous in the Bundelkhand region among the peasant community.
• People from rural areas come together to share happiness after reaping a good harvest.

The correct answer is Neeraj Chopra

Key Points

• Neeraj Chopra is an Indian track and field athlete who is the reigning Olympic champion and world championship silver medalist in the javelin throw.
• He is the first Asian athlete to win an Olympic gold medal in the men's javelin throw.
• He set a New National Record of 88.07 Metres Javelin throw in the Indian Grand Prix held in March 2021 at Patiala prior to the Olympics.
• The javelin throw is a track and field event where the javelin, a spear about 2.5 m in length, is thrown.
• The javelin thrower gains momentum by running within a predetermined area. Javelin throwing is an event of both the men's decathlon and the women's heptathlon.

Additional Information 

• Shivpal Singh:
• Shivpal Singh is an Indian javelin thrower and a Senior Non-Commissioned Officer (SNCO) in Indian Air Force.
• He finished eighth at the 2018 Asian Games and won the silver medal at the 2019 Asian Championships.
• Davinder Singh Kang:
• Davinder Singh Kang is an Indian track and field athlete who competes in the javelin throw event.
• Kang won the bronze medal at the 2017 Asian Athletics Championships with a throw of 83.29m.
• Devendra Jhajharia:
• Devendra Jhajharia is an Indian Paralympic javelin thrower competing in F46 events.
• He is the first Indian Paralympics player to win two gold medals at the Paralympics.
• He becomes India's most decorated Paralympic player by winning his third medal, a silver at the 2020 Summer Paralympics in Tokyo.

Important Points

• Neeraj Chopra's Olympic gold medal-winning throw of 87.58 m at Tokyo 2020 is 2.36m short of his personal best.

The correct answer is Option 1, i.e.,

Personal Income (PI) = NI - Undistributed profits - Net interest payments made by households - Corporate tax + Transfer payments to the households from the government and firms.

Key Points

Personal Income:

• From the National Income (NI), which is earned by the firms and government enterprises, a part of the profit is not distributed among the factors of production. This is called Undistributed Profits (UP).
• We have to deduct UP from NI to arrive at Pl since UP does not accrue to the households.
• Similarly, Corporate Tax, which is imposed on the earnings made by the firms, will also have to be deducted from the NI, since it does not accrue to the households.
• On the other hand, the households do receive interest payments from private firms or the government on past loans advanced by them.
• And households may have to pay interests to the firms and the government as well, in case they had borrowed money from either.
• So we have to deduct the net interests paid by the households to the firms and government.
• The households receive transfer payments from the government and firms (pensions, scholarships, prizes, for example) which have to be added to calculate the Personal Income of the households.

Additional Information

• Personal Disposable Income:
• When direct taxes are subtracted from personal income, then it is called disposable personal income (DPI).
• Disposable personal income (DPI) = [Personal income] - [Direct Taxes]

The correct answer is Narendra Modi.

Key Points

• Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi became the first Indian PM to head the United Nations Security Council (UNSC) meeting.
• The meeting was held through video-conferencing and was attended by two presidents, of Russia and Kenya, two prime ministers, of India and Vietnam, and 10 ministers, seven of whom were foreign ministers -- a high level of participation for a UNSC meeting.

United Nations Security Council (UNSC) ​

• Established in 1945.
• One of the five principal organs of the United Nations.
• It is the only UN body with the authority to issue binding resolutions to member states.
• The most important function of the UNSC is maintaining peace and security at the international level.
• A total of 15 members are there in the Council, out of which 5 are permanent and 10 are not permanent.
• The five permanent members include China, France, the Russian Federation, the United Kingdom, and the United States.
• India is one of the 10 non-permanent members.
• The First Session of the UN Council was held in London on 17^th January 1947.

Narendra Modi:

• Narendra Modi is an Indian politician serving as the 14^th and current prime minister of India since 2014.
• He was the chief minister of Gujarat from 2001 to 2014 and is the Member of Parliament from Varanasi.
• He is the first prime minister to have been born after India's independence in 1947 and the second prime minister not belonging to the Indian National Congress.
• He is also the longest serving prime minister from a non-Congress party.

Additional Information

Atal Bihari Vajpayee:

• Atal Bihari Vajpayee was an Indian politician and diplomat who served three terms as the prime minister of India, first for a term of 13 days in 1996, then for a period of 13 months from 1998 to 1999, followed by a full term from 1999 to 2004.
• Vajpayee was one of the co-founders and a senior leader of the Bhartiya Janata Party.
• He was the first Indian prime minister not of the Indian National Congress to serve a full term in office.

Dr. Manmohan Singh:

• Manmohan Singh is an Indian economist and statesman who was the 13^th prime minister of India from 2004 to 2014.
• He was the first Sikh prime minister of India.
• During the 1970s and 1980s, he held several key posts in the Government of India, such as Chief Economic Advisor (1972–1976), governor of the Reserve Bank (1982–1985) and head of the Planning Commission (1985–1987). He also served as Finance Minister in 1991.

Rajiv Gandhi: 

• Rajiv Gandhi was an Indian politician who served as the sixth prime minister of India from 1984 to 1989.
• He became the youngest Indian Prime minister at the age of 40.

The correct answer is 150 Million km.

Key Points

• The astronomical unit (AU) is a unit of length, roughly the distance from Earth to the Sun and equal to 150 million kilometers (93 million miles) or 8.3 light minutes.
• The actual distance from Earth to the Sun varies by about 3% as Earth orbits the Sun, from a maximum (aphelion) to a minimum (perihelion)
• The astronomical unit is used primarily for measuring distances within the Solar System or around other stars.

Additional Information

• The Solar System is the gravitationally bound system of the Sun and the objects that orbit it.
• The four inner system planets—Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars—are terrestrial planets, being composed primarily of rock and metal.
• The four giant planets of the outer system are substantially larger and more massive than the terrestrials. The two largest, Jupiter and Saturn, are gas giants, being composed mainly of hydrogen and helium; the next two, Uranus and Neptune, are ice giants, being composed mostly of volatile substances with relatively high melting points.
• All eight planets have nearly circular orbits that lie near the plane of Earth's orbit, called the ecliptic.

The correct answer is Mediterranean Sea.

Key Points

• Western Disturbances:
• The western cyclonic disturbances are weather phenomena of the winter months brought in by the westerly flow from the Mediterranean region.
• Western Disturbances develop in the mid-latitude region (north of the Tropic of Cancer), not in the tropical region, therefore they are called mid-latitude storms or extra-tropical storms.
• A high-pressure area over Ukraine and the neighbourhood consolidates, causing the intrusion of cold air from Polar Regions towards an area of relatively warmer air with high moisture.
• This generates favourable conditions for cyclogenesis in the upper atmosphere, which promotes the formation of an eastward-moving extratropical depression.
• They gradually travel across the middle-east from Iran, Afghanistan, and Pakistan to enter the Indian sub-continent.

Additional Information 

• Impact of Western disturbance:
• Western disturbances play an important role in bringing moderate to heavy rain in low-lying areas and heavy snow to mountainous areas of the Indian Subcontinent.
• This disturbance is usually associated with a cloudy sky, higher night temperatures, and unusual rain.
• Precipitation during the winter season has great importance in agriculture particularly for rabi crops including wheat, which is one of the most important Indian crops.
• Weak western disturbances are associated with crop failure and water problems across north India.

The correct answer is 1964.

Key Points

• National Institute of Kathak Dance, also known as Kathak Kendra.
• It was Established in 1964 (the institution became a part of the Sangeet Natak Akademi).
• It is the premier dance institution for the Indian classical dance form of Kathak, and a unit of the Sangeet Natak Akademi, India's National Academy of Music, Dance and Drama, situated in New Delhi.
• The institution is primarily dedicated to Kathak, though it also offers courses in Hindustani classical music (Vocal) and Pakhawaj and Tabla.
• Kathak Kendra was originally established as the Kathak wing of the Shriram Bharatiya Kala Kendra, in 1955, through the efforts of Nirmala Joshi, the first secretary of the Sangeet Natak Akademi.
• Here Pandit Shambhu Maharaj, celebrated Guru of the Lucknow Gharana (school) of Kathak, was head of the department.
• Shambhu Maharaj received the highest award of the Sangeet Natak Akademi, the Sangeet Natak Akademi Fellowship in 1967.
• Birju Maharaj a Kathak dancer was his nephew.

Additional Information

Sangeet Natak Akademi

• The Sangeet Natak Akademi is constituted of three main units. The two of these units are dance teaching Institutes, as given below.

1. Jawaharlal Nehru Manipur Dance Academy, called JNMDA located in Imphal.
2. Kathak Kendra is located in Delhi.

• The President of India appoints the chairman of this Akademi.
• The term of office for the chairman is of 5 years.
• The duties, responsibilities, and functions of Sangeet Natak Akademi have been described in the Academy’s Memorandum of Association.
• This memorandum was adopted on 11 September 1961.

The correct answer is Iodine solution 

Key Points

• The chemical test for starch is done by adding the iodine solution and the change in colour to blue or black results in the presence of starch.
• The iodine which is the liquid that is used for the test is used to detect the presence of carbohydrates and thus the presence of starch.
• Starch is produced within the green leaves of plants, they act as reserve food materials in the plants.
• Food such as corn, wheat, rice, potatoes, etc. contains starch. In humans, starch is broken down into sugar molecules and supplies energy.

Additional Information

• Starch is the organic substance that is produced by the plants, it is granular and white.
• In a chemical test, iodine is used to determine the presence of starch with the help of a potato.
• In plant tissue, it diffuses from one cell to another and nourishes it.
• The disintegration of the starch is done with the help of various enzymes and water which converts the starch into monomer glucose units.
• Ammonium chloride: It is used as a systemic acidifying agent in the treatment of severe metabolic alkalosis, in oral acid loading tests to diagnose distal renal tubular acidosis, and to maintain the urine at an acid pH in the treatment of some urinary-tract disorders.
• Copper sulphate: It is used to test blood for anaemia. The blood is tested by dropping it into a solution of copper sulfate of known specific gravity – blood that contains sufficient haemoglobin sinks rapidly due to its density, whereas blood that does not sink or sinks slowly has an insufficient amount of haemoglobin.
• Chlorine solution: Colorimeters typically detect chlorine in the range of 0 to 5 parts per million (ppm). Test for chlorine in water inline is based on the amperometric method. In this method, chlorine is measured by a sensor probe containing the electrolyte potassium chloride (KCl).

The correct answer is Igneous Rocks

Key Points

• Igneous Rocks are formed by crystallization from a liquid or magma.
• Magma is a mixture of liquid rock, crystals, and gas with a wide range of chemical compositions, temperatures, and properties of a liquid.
• There are two types of Igneous rocks based on their mode of occurrence:

1. Volcanic or extrusive igneous rocks form when the magma cools and crystallizes on the surface of the Earth
2. Intrusive or plutonic igneous rocks wherein the magma crystallizes at depth in the Earth.

• Extrusive igneous rocks
• As lava cools very rapidly on coming out of the hot interior of the earth, the mineral crystals forming these rocks are very fine.
• These rocks are also called volcanic rocks. Basalt is a very common example of such rocks.
• These rocks are found in volcanic areas.
• Deccan plateau's regur soil in India is a formation of lava.
• Intrusive igneous rocks
• The rate of cooling below the earth's surface is very slow, which gives rise to the formation of large crystals in the rocks.
• Deep-seated intrusive rocks are termed plutonic rocks and shallow-depth intrusive rocks are termed as hypabyssal. Granite is a common example of intrusive rocks.

Additional Information

• Sedimentary rocks:
• Sedimentary rocks are types of rock that are formed by the accumulation or deposition of mineral or organic particles at Earth's surface, followed by cementation.
• Metamorphic rocks:
• Metamorphic rocks arise from the transformation of existing rock into new types of rock in a process called metamorphism.

The correct answer is Green

Key Points

• China rose is an indicator which is derived from the Hibiscus plant.
• China's rose is a natural indicator.
• It turns an Acidic solution into dark pink/magenta colour.
• It turns a Basic solution into a Green colour.

Additional Information

• Acid-Base indicators (also known as pH indicators) are substances which change colour with pH.
• Weak acids and bases are indicators.

All indicators are weak acids.

• Three common indicators are litmus, phenolphthalein and methyl orange.

The correct answer is Kerala

Key Points

• The International Institute of Advanced Virology has been established by the Government of Kerala.
• It is established in the wake of the 2018 Nipah virus outbreak in Kerala.
• It is situated in Thiruvananthapuram and is also affiliated with the Global Virus Network.

Additional Information

• Virology is the scientific discipline concerned with the study of the biology of viruses and viral diseases, including the distribution, biochemistry, physiology, molecular biology, ecology, evolution and clinical aspects of viruses.
• Martinus Beijerinck is often called the Father of Virology.
• The National Institute of Virology in Pune is an Indian virology research institute and part of the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR).
• It has been designated as a WHO H5 reference laboratory for the SE Asia region.

The correct answer is Parsec

Key Points

• The parsec is a unit of length used to measure the large distances to astronomical objects outside the Solar System.
• Parsec is obtained by the use of parallax and trigonometry and is defined as the distance at which 1 au subtends an angle of one arcsecond.
• Thus, the distance unit Parsec is defined as the length of the side adjacent to the vertex occupied by a star whose parallax angle is one arc second.
• The nearest star, Proxima Centauri, is about 1.3 parsecs (4.2 light-years) from the Sun.
• It is roughly equivalent to 3.26 light-years or 206,000 astronomical units, or 30.9 trillion kilometers (19.2 trillion miles).

Additional Information

• Angstrom:
• An angstrom is a metric unit of length equal to 10⁻¹⁰ m.
• The angstrom is often used in the natural sciences and technology to express sizes of atoms, molecules, microscopic biological structures, lengths of chemical bonds, arrangement of atoms in crystals and wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation.
• Fermi:
• Fermi or Femtometer is an SI unit of length equal to 10^-15 metres, which means a quadrillionth of one metre.
• It is a typical length-scale of nuclear physics.
• Light year:
• A light year is a distance travelled by light moving in a vacuum in the course of one year.
• A light-year is a distance a beam of light travels in a single Earth year, which equates to approximately 6 trillion miles (9.7 trillion kilometres)

The correct answer is Kerosene

Key Points

• Sodium is a chemical element with the symbol Na and atomic number 11. It is a soft, silvery-white, highly reactive metal.
• Sodium is a highly reactive metal and reacts vigorously with the oxygen, carbon dioxide and moisture present in the air such that it may even cause a fire.
• To prevent this explosive reaction, Sodium is kept immersed in kerosene because Sodium doesn't react with kerosene.

Additional Information

• Mustard oil:
• Mustard oil can mean either the pressed oil used for cooking, or a pungent essential oil also known as the volatile oil of mustard.
• Pure mustard oil and mustard essential oil may help reduce inflammation and pain, slow cancer cell growth, block microbial growth, and enhance hair and skin health.
• Palm oil: 
• Palm oil is an edible vegetable oil derived from the mesocarp of the fruit of the oil palms.
• The oil is used in food manufacturing, beauty products, and as biofuel.
• Coconut oil:
• Coconut oil is an edible oil derived from the wick, meat, and milk of coconut palm fruit.
• It's full of fatty acids that the body needs and may help improve cognitive function, metabolism, and hair and skin health.

The correct answer is Surat Session, 1907.

Key Points

• The Surat Split was the splitting of the (INC) Indian National Congress into two groups - the Moderates and Radicals - at the Surat session in 1907.
• Early nationalists believed in the policy of settlement of minor issues with the government by deliberations. But the extremists believed in agitation, strikes, and boycotts. Assertive Nationalists led by Lokmanya Tilak agitated against the Early Nationalists.
• In 1907, the extremists wanted either Tilak or Lajpat Rai to be president, so when Rasbehari Ghose was announced as president, the extremist resorted to violence.
• The difference in opinion led to a Split in Congress and was termed as Surat Split.

Additional Information

• Lahore Session,1929: The Indian National Congress, on 19 December 1929, passed the historic ‘Purna Swaraj’ – (total independence) resolution – at its Lahore session.
• A public declaration was made on 26 January 1930 – a day which the Congress Party urged Indians to celebrate as ‘Independence Day.
• Lucknow Session,1916: The Lucknow Pact was an agreement reached between the Indian National Congress and the Muslim League at a joint session of both the parties held in Lucknow in December 1916.
• Through the pact, the two parties agreed to allow representation to religious minorities in the provincial legislatures.
• Calcutta Session, 1928: In December 1928, in the Congress Session held in Calcutta, Mahatma Gandhi proposed a resolution that called for the British to grant dominion status to India within two years.
• This session was presided over by Motilal Nehru.

The correct answer is Lakshadweep

Key Points

• Lakshadweep is the smallest union territory of India.
• It consists of 36 islands with an area of 32 sq km.
• It's made up of 12 atolls, three reefs, five submerged banks and ten inhabited islands.
• Lakshadweep is formerly known as Laccadive Islands.
• The name Lakshadweep in Malayalam and Sanskrit means 'a hundred thousand islands'.
• Kavaratti is the capital of Lakshadweep.
• Minicoy is the second-largest and southernmost island and Andrott Island is the largest of the group.
• Minicoy is separated from the rest of the Lakshadweep by a Nine-degree channel.
• The eight-degree channel separates the Lakshadweep group from the Maldives.

Additional Information

• Delhi:
• Delhi officially the National Capital Territory (NCT) of Delhi, is a city and a union territory of India containing New Delhi, the capital of India.
• Delhi's urban agglomeration, which includes the satellite cities of Ghaziabad, Faridabad, Gurgaon and Noida in an area known as the National Capital Region (NCR), has an estimated population of over 28 million, making it the largest metropolitan area in India and the second-largest in the world (after Tokyo).
• Delhi has an area of 1,483 sq. km. Its maximum length is 51.90 km and its greatest width is 48.48 km.
• Puducherry:
• Puducherry is a union territory of India, consisting of four small geographically unconnected districts.
• It was formed out of four territories of former French India, namely Pondichéry (Pondicherry; now Puducherry), Karikal (Karaikal), Mahé and Yangon (Yanam).
• The Puducherry (Region) spread over an area of 294 sq. Km.
• Chandigarh:
• Chandigarh, the dream city of India's first Prime Minister, Sh. Jawahar Lal Nehru was planned by the famous French architect Le Corbusier. Picturesquely located at the foothills of Shivaliks, it is known as one of the best experiments in urban planning and modern architecture in the twentieth century in India.
• It has a total area of about 114 sq. km.

The correct answer is Proto language

Key Points

• Proto-language is a postulated ancestral language from which a number of attested languages are believed to have descended by evolution, forming a language family.
• Proto-languages are usually unattested, or in some cases only partially attested.
• They are reconstructed by way of the comparative method.

Additional Information

• Paralanguage
• Paralanguage, also known as vocalists, is a component of meta-communication that may modify meaning, give nuanced meaning, or convey emotion, by using techniques such as prosody, pitch, volume, intonation, etc.
• It is sometimes defined as relating to nonphonemic properties only.
• Pre-language:
• Pre-language skills are the ways in which we communicate without using words.
• These include things such as gestures, facial expressions, imitation, joint attention and eye contact.

The correct answer is 51 A (i)

**Under Fundamental Duties, point no. 9 i.e.

(i) mentions that "it shall be the duty of every citizen of India to safeguard public property and to abjure violence".**

Key Points

• The Fundamental Duties are dealt with in Article 51A under Part-IV A of the Indian Constitution.
• This article will mention in detail the 11 Fundamental Duties and their importance in India.
• 42^nd Amendment Act of 1976 added 10 Fundamental Duties to the Indian Constitution.
• 86^th Amendment Act 2002 later added the 11^th Fundamental Duty to the list.
• Swaran Singh Committee in 1976 recommended Fundamental Duties, the necessity of which was felt during the internal emergency of 1975-77.​

Additional Information

• Article 51 A (k) is to provide opportunities for education by the parent the guardian, to his child, or a ward between the age of 6-14 years as the case may be.
• It was added by the 86^th Constitutional Amendment Act.
• Article 51 A (a) is to abide by the Constitution and respect its ideals and institutions, the National Flag and the National Anthem.
• Article 51 A (g) is to protect and improve the natural environment including forests, lakes, rivers and wild life, and to have compassion for living creatures.

The correct answer is Parliament 

Key Points

• Comptroller and Auditor-General of India
• Article 148 broadly deals with the CAG appointment, oath, and conditions of service.
• Article 149 deals with the Duties and Powers of the Comptroller and Auditor-General of India.
• Comptroller and Auditor General of India is the apex authority responsible for external and internal audits of the expenses of the National and state governments. It is popularly known as the CAG of India. In this article, we will discuss in brief about the office of the CAG and its functions.
• Role of CAG:
• The role of this office is to uphold the provisions of the Indian Constitution and laws enacted by the Parliament in the field of financial administration.
• The accountability of the executive (i.e., the council of ministers) to the Parliament in the sphere of financial administration is secured through CAG reports.
• The reports of the Comptroller and Auditor-General of India relating to the accounts of the Union shall be submitted to the president, who shall cause them to be laid before each House of Parliament.
• The reports of the Comptroller and Auditor-General of India relating to the accounts of a State shall be submitted to the Governor of the State, who shall cause them to be laid before the Legislature of the State.

Important Points

• The Constitution of India visualizes this office to be Comptroller as well as Auditor General.
• The CAG submits three audit reports to the President:

1. Audit Report on Appropriation Accounts
2. Audit Report on Finance Accounts
3. Audit Report on Public Undertakings

• The Comptroller and Auditor General is appointed by the President of India and can be removed from office only in the manner and on the grounds that a Judge of the Supreme Court is removed.
• Articles 148, 149, 150, and 151 of the Constitution of India describe the functions and powers of this office.
• Shri V. Narahari Rao was the first Comptroller and Auditor General of India.
• CAG does not audit the Reserve Bank of India (RBI). CAG conducts audits of other financial sector regulators like SEBI, IRDA, and PFRDA but does not conduct performance audits.

Additional Information

• Public Accounts Committee:
• Public Accounts Committee was introduced in 1921 after its first mention in the Government of India Act, 1919 also called Montford Reforms.
• PAC is one of the parliamentary committees that examine the annual audit reports of CAG, which the President lays before the Parliament of India.
• The Public Accounts Committee examines public expenditure
• Finance Commission:
• Finance Commission is a constitutional body for the purpose of allocation of certain revenue resources between the Union and the State Governments.
• It was established under Article 280 of the Indian Constitution by the Indian President.
• It was created to define the financial relations between the Centre and the states. It was formed in 1951.
• President:
• The Indian President is the head of the state.
• He is the first citizen of India and is a symbol of the solidarity, unity, and integrity of the nation.
• He is a part of the Union Executive, provisions of which are dealt with in Articles 52-78 including articles related to the President (Article 52-62).

The correct answer is Governor

Key Points

• Uparikas was the name of provincial governors in the Gupta empire.
• The king maintained a deep contact with the provincial administration by a group of officials called Kumaramatyas and Ayuktas.
• Bhuktis was the name of Provinces in the Gupta Empire.

 Additional Information

• The Gupta Empire was divided into provinces known as deshas or bhuktis.
• Provinces were also divided into Vishayas and placed under the control of Vishayapatis.
• It was divided into 26 provinces which were styled as Bhukti, Pradesha, and Bhoga.
• The village administration was overseen by the village headman. Unlike the Mauryan period, the administration in the Gupta period appears to have been managed from the ground up.

The correct answer is 1907.

Key Points

• On 26 August 1907, Tata Iron and Steel Company was established at Jamshedpur, Jharkhand.
• The founder of this company is Jamsetji Tata and established by Dorabji Tata.
• Its headquartered in Mumbai, Maharashtra.
• It is a subsidiary of the Tata Group.
• It is formerly known as Tata Iron and Steel Company Limited (TISCO).
• The company changed its name from TISCO to Tata Steel Ltd. in 2005.
• It is one of the top steel-producing companies in the world after SAIL with an annual crude steel capacity of around 34 million tonnes per annum.
• Tata Steel Limited operates in about 26 countries with its key operations in India, the Netherlands, and the United Kingdom.

The correct answer is Deficient Demand

 Key Points

• Deficient demand refers to a situation wherein aggregate demand in the economy falls short of the aggregate supply of goods and services at full employment.
• As a result, resources of the economy remain partly utilised indicating under-employment.
• A persistent fall in deficient demand leads to a state of depression in the economy.

Additional Information

• Aggregate demand (AD) or domestic final demand (DFD) is the total demand for final goods and services in an economy at a given time.  It specifies the amount of goods and services that will be purchased at all possible price levels.
• Effective demand (ED) in a market is the demand for a product or service which occurs when purchasers are constrained in a different market. The concept of effective supply parallels the concept of effective demand.
• Excess demand is a phenomenon where the demand for goods and services exceeds that which the firms can produce.
• Excess Demand occurs when the Price of a good is lower than the Equilibrium Price, meaning more consumers will want to buy the good than suppliers are willing to sell.

The correct answer is 1955.

Key Points

• Indian nationality law details the conditions by which a person holds Indian nationality.
• The two primary pieces of legislation governing these requirements are the Constitution of India and the Citizenship Act, 1955.
• Under Article 11 of the Indian Constitution, Parliament has the power to regulate the right of citizenship by law. Accordingly, the parliament passed the Citizenship act of 1955 to provide for the acquisition and determination of Indian Citizenship.

Additional Information

• The Constitution of India provides for single citizenship for the whole of India.
• Entry 17, List 1 under the Seventh Schedule speaks about Citizenship, naturalization, and aliens. Thus, Parliament has exclusive power to legislate with respect to citizenship.
• The Citizenship Act, 1955 was amended 6 times in 1986, 1992, 2003, 2005, 2015 and 2019.
• The purpose of the Citizenship Amendment Act, 2019 is to give Indian citizenship to illegal migrants of 6 communities i.e. Hindu, Sikh, Buddhist, Christian, Parsi, and Jain) who belong to Bangladesh, Pakistan, and Afghanistan.

The correct answer is Ganeshwar, Ahar and Balathal

Key Points

• Ganeshwar is located near the copper mines of the Sikar-Jhunjhunu area of the Khetri copper belt in Rajasthan.
• With its microliths and other stone tools, much of Ganeshwar culture can be considered a pre-Harappan Chalcolithic culture that contributed to the making of the mature Harappan culture.
• The copper was obtained in the nearby Aravalli Range.
• The Ahar culture, also known as the Banas culture is a Chalcolithic archaeological culture on the banks of the Ahar River of southeastern Rajasthan state in India.
• It lasted from 3000 to 1500 BCE, contemporary and adjacent to the Indus Valley civilization.
• Balathal is an archaeological site located in Vallabhnagar tehsil of Udaipur district of Rajasthan state in western India.
• The site was discovered by V. N. Misra during a survey in 1962-63.
• This ancient site was occupied during two cultural periods: the Chalcolithic and the Early Historic.
• Excavation at Balathal revealed a Chalcolithic period stretching from 3000 to 1500 BC and an Early Historic period dated to 5-3 century BC.

Additional Information

• Patan was the capital of Gujarat's Chavda and Chalukya dynasties in medieval times.
• It was established by Vanraj Chavada, a Chavda king.
• Mehrangarh Fort covers an area of 1,200 acres in Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India.
• The complex is located on a hilltop around 122 metres above the surrounding plain and was constructed circa 1459 by Rajput ruler Rao Jodha.
• A series of forts, originally built by Ranjit Singh, the ruler of the Sikh Empire, were consolidated.
• Two of the forts were Fort Lockhart (on the Samana Range of the Hindu Kush mountains), and Fort Gulistan (Sulaiman Range), situated a few miles apart.

The correct answer is 1999.

Key Points

• Swarna Jayanti Gram Swarozgar Yojana was launched on April 1, 1999.
• Objective: to bring every assisted family above the poverty line within three years by providing them income generating assets through a mix of bank credit and Government subsidy.

Additional Information 

• The following schemes were merged to form it -
• Integrated rural development programme (IRDP)
• Training of rural youth for self employment (TRYSEM)
• Development of Woman And Children In Rural Areas (DWCRA)
• the Ganga Kalyan Yojna (GKY)
• the million wells scheme (MWS)

The correct answer is Shiva.

Key Points

• Virupaksha Temple is located in Hampi in the Vijayanagara district of Karnataka.
• It is part of the Group of Monuments at Hampi, designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
• The temple is dedicated to Lord Virupaksha, a form of Shiva.

Additional Information

• The Brahma Temple at Pushkar, Rajasthan is one of the very few existing temples dedicated to the Hindu creator-god Brahma in India and remains the most prominent among them.
• Among a few temples dedicated to Lord Indra, the Hindu god of rain, there is a famous Indra temple situated in Waghadi in Maharashtra.
• Angkor Wat is a temple complex in Cambodia and is the largest religious monument in the world.
• Breaking from the Shaiva tradition of previous kings, Angkor Wat was dedicated to Vishnu, the Hindu preserver-god, for the Khmer Empire.
• About the Vijayanagara Empire
• The Vijayanagara Empire, also called the Karnata Kingdom, was based in the Deccan Plateau region of South India.
• It was established in 1336 by the brothers Harihara I and Bukka Raya I of the Sangama dynasty.
• The founders were members of a pastoralist cowherd community that claimed Yadava lineage.

The correct answer is 125.

Key Points

• Under the Government of India Act of 1935,
• The Upper House of the Federal Legislature, the Council of State, would consist of 260 members.
• ​156 (60%) elected from British India
• 104 (40%) nominated by the rulers of the princely states.
• The Lower House, the Federal Assembly, would consist of 375 members.
• 250 (67%) elected by the Legislative Assemblies of the British Indian provinces
• 125 (33%) nominated by the rulers of the princely states.

Additional Information

• Salient Features of the Government of India Act 1935 were as follows -
• Abolition of provincial dyarchy and introduction of dyarchy at centre.
• Abolition of Indian Council and introduction of an advisory body in its place.
• Provision for an All India Federation with British India territories and princely states.

The correct answer is ​North-East Monsoon Winds.

Key Points

• North-East monsoon enters India from northeast direction and can also be called the winter monsoon.
• In this type of monsoon, the wind blows from land to sea.
• Rainfall is experienced in the southern part of India.

Additional Information

• The period June to September is referred to as the 'Southwest Monsoon' period.
• Southwest Monsoon period is the principal rainy season for the Indian subcontinent.​​

The correct answer is Issuance of treasury bills.

Key Points

• Capital receipts are receipts that create liabilities or reduce financial assets.
• Loans from the general public, foreign governments and the Reserve Bank of India form a crucial part of capital receipts.
• Issuing treasury bills raises liabilities, thus is a part of capital receipts.

Additional Information

• Commercial revenue, interest received, and dividend and profits form a part of the Revenue budget i.e. government earnings or assets.
• On the other hand, Issuance of treasury bill is to raise money which the government will be liable to pay back.

The correct answer is Verma Committee.

Key Points

• Verma Committee
• The committee was constituted in 1999.
• It recommends some of the legal provisions for enforcement of Fundamental Duties for  Prevention of insults to National Honor, laws which penalize for promoting enmity, the protection of civil rights act, and the wildlife protection act of 1972.
• Fundamental Duties
• On the recommendation of the Swaran Singh Committee, 11 Fundamental Duties were added to the Indian Constitution.
• Article 51A deals with the Fundamental duties in Indian Constitution.
• The Fundamental Duties in Indian Constitution were added by the 42^nd Constitutional Amendment Act 1976.
• The fundamental duties in the constitution are inspired by the constitution of the erstwhile USSR.
• Fundamental duties are confined to Indian citizens only and not justiciable in nature.

Additional Information

• The Bimal Jalan Committee was set up in November 2018 to recommend the appropriate Economic Capital Framework for the Reserve Bank of India.
• It has recommended the transfer of excess capital from the central bank to the government.
• The Uday Kotak Committee was constituted in 2017  to find ways to improve standards concerning corporate governance of listed companies in India.
• The Santhanam Committee or the Committee on Prevention of Corruption was set up in 1962 to prevent and detect misappropriation or maladministration in government departments.

The correct answer is 2000.

Key Points

• The National Commission to review the working of the Constitution (NCRWC) was set up on 22 February 2000.
• It is also known as Justice Manepalli Narayana Rao Venkatachaliah Commission.
• Objective: to suggest possible amendments to the Constitution of India.

Additional Information

• There are three ways in which the Constitution can be amended:
• Amendment by simple majority of the Parliament.
• Amendment by special majority of the Parliament.
• Amendment by special majority of the Parliament and the ratification of at least half of the state legislatures.

The correct answer is Goa.

Key Points

• Goa has the lowest percentage of the population living under poverty at 5.09%.
• This is a harsh contrast to the all-India percentage of 21.92%.

Additional Information

• Kerala has 7.05% of its population living under poverty.
• It ranks 2^nd.
• Punjab has 8.23% of its population living under poverty.
• It ranks 5^th.​
• Maharashtra has 17.35% of its population living under poverty.
• It ranks 13^th.​

The correct answer is 2007.

Key Points

• The Self-Employment Scheme for Rehabilitation of Manual Scavengers (SRMS) was introduced in January, 2007.
• Objective: to rehabilitate the remaining manual scavengers and their dependents in alternative occupations by March, 2009.

Additional Information

• The scheme has the following benefits -
• One Time Cash Assistance of Rs. 40,000/- to one identified manual scavenger in the family.
• Skill Development Training of manual scavengers and their dependents up to two years with stipend of Rs 3,000/- per month during the training period.
• Capital Subsidy up to Rs 5.00 lakh for those who availed loans for Self Employment Projects including sanitation related projects.
• Health insurance under Ayushman Bharat, Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (AB-PMJAY) to the families of all the identified manual scavengers.
• In 2014, the Supreme Court ordered the government to identify all those who died in sewage work since 1993 and provide Rs 10 lakh each as compensation to their families.

The correct answer is Udaipur.

Key Points

• Maharana Pratap Airport is a domestic airport serving Udaipur, Rajasthan.
• Rajasthan has 6 domestic airports and 1 international airport - Jaipur International Airport in the city of Jaipur, Rajasthan.

Additional Information

• Calicut International Airport, also known as Karipur Airport or Kozhikode Airport, is an international airport located in Karipur, Malappuram district of Kerala.
• Cochin International Airport is an International airport serving the city of Kochi, in the state of Kerala.
• Sheikh ul-Alam International Airport also known as Srinagar Airport and Budgam Airbase is an international airport serving Srinagar, the summer capital of Jammu and Kashmir.

Given:

Diagonal of cube (d) = \(34\sqrt{3} cm \)

Length of cuboid (l) = edge of cube (a)

Width of cuboid (b) = 17 cm.

Formula used:

Diagonal (d) of a cube = \(x = {-b \pm \sqrt{b^2-4ac} \over 2a}\)

\(a\sqrt{3} \)

Volume of a cube = a³.  

Volume of a cuboid = lbh

where

l = length of cuboid

b = breadth of cuboid

h = height of cuboid

Calculation:

We first find the edge of cube as:

\(a\sqrt{3} = 34\sqrt{3} \)

a = 34 cm.

Thus length of the cuboid

l = a = 34 cm.

As the cube is melted to form the cuboid we must have

Volume of cube = Volume of cuboid

a3 = lbh

(34)³ = 34 × 17 × h

h = (34)³ / (34 × 17)

h = 34 × 2

h = 68 cm.

∴ The height of the cuboid will be 68 cm.

Given:

We have to find the value of \(0.\overline {09} \)

Concept used:

We try to remove the bar to find the value of a non-terminating repeating number like the one given in the question.

Calculation:

Let us assume \(x = 0.\overline {09} \).

Then x can be written as

x = 0.0909090909.........and so on.       ....(1)

Then multiplying 100 on both sides

100x = 9.09090909.......and so on.        ....(2)

Now, 

100x - x = 9.0909090..... - 0.0909090......

99x = 9

x = 1 / 11.

∴ The value of  \(0.\overline {09} = \dfrac {1}{11} \).

Given:

\(x=\sqrt[3]{a\sqrt{b\sqrt[3]{a\sqrt{b...\infty}}}} \)

Concept used:

In such questions we find something common from both sides of the equation, then solve the question.

Calculation:

We can rewrite x as

\(x=\sqrt[3]{a\sqrt{bx}} \)

Cubing both sides of the equation,

\(x^3 = a\sqrt{bx}\)

Squaring both sides of the equation,

\(x^6 = a^2bx\)

\(x^5 = a^2b \)

\(x = \sqrt[5]{a^2b} \)

∴ The value of x is \(\sqrt[5]{a^2b} \)

Given:

We have to find the value of (9)0.28 × (9)0.02 × (3)0.4 .

Formula used: 

For a number 'a' and powers m and n we have

a^m × aⁿ = a^m+n .  

For number b and powers x and y,

(b^x)^y = b^xy .      

Calculation:

We first convert all exponents to 3,

= (3²)^0.28 × (3²)^0.02 × (3)^0.40     

= (3^0.56) × (3^0.04) × (3^0.40)      

= 3^{0.56 + 0.04 + 0.40}    

= 3¹   

= 3.

∴ The value of the expression is 3.

Given:

Average score of batsman in 16 innings = 36.

Score of batman in 17^th innings = 70.

Formula used:

Average score of a batsman = Sum of runs / Number of innings.

Calculation:

Average score of batsman in 16 innings = Sum of runs / Number of innings

36 = Sum of runs / 16

Sum of runs = 16 × 36

Sum of runs = 576

Sum of runs after the 17^th innings = 576 + 70 = 646.

Average score of batsman after 17^th innings

= Sum of runs after 17^th innings / Number of innings

= 646 / 17

= 38.

∴ His new average will be 38.

Given:

Height of cylinder increased by = 14%.

Decrease in radius of base of cylinder = 5%.

Formula used:

Curved Surface Area (CSA) of cylinder = 2πrh

where 

r = radius of cylinder.

h = height of cylinder.

Calculation:

Let initial radius and height of cylinder be r and h.

CSA of cylinder,

CSA = 2πrh 

New height of cylinder (h')

h' = h + 14% of h

\(h' = h + \dfrac{14}{100} \times h \)

\(h' = h + \dfrac{7h}{50} \)

h' = (50 + 7)h / 50

h' = 57h / 50.

New radius of base of cylinder:

r' = r - 5% of r

\(r' = r - \dfrac{5}{100} \times r \)

\(r' = r - \dfrac {r}{20} \)

r' = (20 - 1)r / 20

r' = 19r / 20.

New CSA of cylinder

CSA' = 2 × π × r' × h' 

\(CSA' = 2 \pi \times \dfrac{19r}{20} \times \dfrac{57h}{50} \)   

CSA' = 2166πrh / 1000.

CSA' = 2.166πrh.

Change in CSA

= 2.166πrh - 2πrh

= 0.166πrh.

Increase in CSA

= \(\dfrac{change}{original} \times 100 \)

= \(\dfrac{0.166 \pi r h}{2 \pi rh} \times 100 \)

= 16.6 / 2

= 8.3%.

∴ There will be 8.3% increase in curved surface area.

Given:

Radius of sphere (r) = 3 cm.

Diameter of cylinder (d') = 0.2 cm.

Formula used:

Volume of sphere = (4 / 3)πr³ .

where 

r = radius of sphere.

Volume of cylinder = πr'²h'.  

where

r' = radius of cylinder.

h' = height of cylinder.

Calculation:

Radius of cylinder (r') = d' / 2 = 0.2 / 2 = 0.1 cm.

As the copper sphere is molded into a wire we must have

Volume of sphere = Volume of cylinder

(4 / 3)πr3 = πr'2h'  

\(\dfrac{4}{3} r^3 = r'^2 h'\)

\(h' = \dfrac{4r^3}{3r'^2} \)

\(h' = \dfrac{4(3)^3}{3(0.1)^2} \)

h' = (4 × 27) / (3 × 0.1 × 0.1)

h' = (108 × 10 × 10) / 3

h' = 3600 cm

h' = 36 m 

which is the length of the wire.

∴ Length of the wire is 36 m.

Given:

Average of 18 numbers = 24.

Concept used:

When each entity of an average is multiplied by any number the new average gets multiplied by the same number.

Calculation:

As each number is multiplied by 3, from above concept we get

New average = 24 × 3 = 72.

∴ New average is 72.

Given:

Principal (P) = Rs 3250.

Rate percent per annum (R) = 60%.

The interest was compounded every 4 months.

Formula used:

Amount in compound interest (A)

A = P(1 + R / 100)^T    

where

P = principal.

R = rate percent per annum.

T = time.

As the interest is compounded every 4 months the rate percent will get (1 / 3) of rate percent per annum and time will become 3 times.

Calculation:

The rate and time when interest is compounded every 4 months we get

R' = R / 3 = 60 / 3 = 20%.

T' = 3 × T = 3 × 1 =  3 years.

Amount payable is calculated as:

A = P(1 + R' / 100)T'    

\(A = 3250 \left(1 + \dfrac{20}{100}\right)^3 \)

\(A = 3250 \left(1 + \dfrac{1}{5}\right)^3 \)

\(A = 3250 \left(\dfrac{6}{5}\right)^3 \)

A = (3250 × 216) / 125.

A = 5616.

∴ Amount payable is Rs. 5616.

Given:

We have to write 0.24 in simplest form.

Concept used:

To convert any number in simplest form we divide the numerator and denominator by the same number until they have no other common factors except 1.

Calculation:

We can write 0.24 as

⇒ 0.24

⇒ 24/100

To convert this in simplest form we divide the numerator and denominator by the same number until they have no other common factors except 1.

⇒ 24/100

⇒ 12/50

⇒ 6/25

This is the simplest form.

Sum of numerator and denominator = 6 + 25 = 31

∴ Sum of numerator and denominator is 31.