DSSSB Junior Secretariat Assistant Official paper (Held on: 2 April 2022 Shift 3 ) (Previous Year Paper)

According to the given information:

The ascending order of the numbers is as follows,

• 129 < 143 < 238 < 256 < 348
• 129 is the lowest number, with 2 being its 2nd digit.
• 348 is the highest number, with 8 being its 3rd digit.
• 8 + 2 = 10

​Hence, the correct answer is "10".

According to the given information:

 

1. J - H + G × I → J is the brother of H, H is the mother of G, and G is the sister of I.

J is I's, maternal uncle.

2. I - G + H × J → I is the brother of G, G is the mother of H, H is the sister of J.

I is the maternal uncle (mother's brother) of J.

This is true.

3. J - G % I → J is the brother of G, and G is the father of I.

J is the paternal uncle of I.

4. I + G × H - J → I is the mother of G, G is the sister of H, H is the brother of J.

I is the mother of J.

Hence, the correct answer is "I - G + H × J".

Given statement: K ≤ Q > G ≤ S = M > Z

According to the given information:

K is less than or equal to Q, Q is greater than G, G is less than or equal to S, S is equal to M, and M is greater than Z.

Conclusions:

I. G ≤ M

• G is less than or equal to S, and S is equal to M.
• ​ G ≤ S = M
• G ≤ M

​So, conclusion 1 is true.

II. Z < S

• S is equal to M, and M is greater than Z.
• ​ S = M > Z
• S > Z → Z < S

​So, conclusion 2 is true.

Hence, the correct answer is "Both I and II are true".

The logic followed here is:

All follow the same pattern, except CEGI.

Hence, the correct answer is "CEGI".

The logic followed here is:

SUVY is related to MOPS.

KMNQ is related to FHIL.

All the alphabets share a common difference among them,

Similarly, 

NPQT related to?

Hence, the correct answer is "TVWZ".

The logic followed here is:

• The first number is the number of alphabets in the word.
• The second number is the number of vowels in the word.
• The third number is the number of consonants in the word.
• ​ GREEN → 523 → 5 alphabets, 2 vowels (E, E), 3 consonants (G, R, N)
• RED → 312 → 3 alphabets, 1 vowel (E), 2 consonants (R, D)
• BLUE → 422 → 4 alphabets, 2 vowels ( E, U), 2 consonants (B, L)

​Similarly, 

• BROWN → 514 → 5 alphabets, 1 vowel (O), 4 consonants (B, R, W, N)

​Hence, the correct answer is "514".

Confusion Points Option 3 - 415 → Here the numbers are the same but their arrangement is different.

Given statement: P ≥  Q < R ≤ S = M ≤ V

According to the given information:

P is greater than or equal to Q, Q is less than R, R is less than or equal to S, S is equal to M, and M is less than or equal to V.

Conclusions:

I. V > Q

• Q is less than R, R is less than or equal to S, S is equal to M, and M is less than or equal to V.
• ​ Q < R ≤ S = M ≤ V
• ​Q is less than S, S is equal to M, and M is less than or equal to V.
• ​Q < S = M ≤ V
• ​So, Q is less than S which is equal to M, and M is less than or equal to V
• So V > Q.

So, conclusion 1 is true.

II. P > S

• P is greater than or equal to Q, Q is less than R, R is less than or equal to S
• ​P ≥  Q < R ≤ S
• ​P is greater than or equal to Q, and Q is less than S.
• ​P ≥  Q < S.
• A definite relation cannot be established between P and S.

​Hence, the correct answer is *"*Only I is true".

The logic followed here is:

KO - NR - QU

Similarly,

Option 3: OS - TX - GK

Only OS - TX - GK shares the same relation as KO - NR - QU.

Hence, the correct answer is "OS - TX - GK".

According to the given information:

By using the BODMAS rule:

 

Given expression: 

The equation becomes as follows; 92 D  (42 A (9 A 2)) C 29 B 404 A 204 = ?

= 92 ÷ (42 - (9 - 2)) × 29 + 404 - 204

​Solving the given equation,

= 92 ÷ (42 - (9 - 2)) × 29 + 404 - 204

= 92 ÷ (16 - 7) × 29 + 404 - 204

= 92 ÷ 9 × 29 + 404 - 204

= 9 × 29 + 404 - 204

= 261 + 404 - 204

= 665 - 204

= 461

Hence, the correct answer is "461".

According to the given information:

By using the BODMAS rule:

Solving the given equation,

= 108.45 - 42.01 ÷ 6 + 12 × 6.04

= 108.45 - 7 + 12 × 6.04

= 108.45 - 7 + 72

= 180.45 - 7

= 173.45

Since the decimal is less than .5 the lesser number will be considered.

Hence, the correct answer is "173".

By using the BODMAS rule:

​

Given equation: Q + 12 - P × ? = 10

The equation becomes as follows;

6 + 12 ÷ 3 × ? = 10

​Solving the given equation,

= 6 + 12 ÷ 3 × x = 10

= 6 + 4 × x = 10 

= 4x = 10 - 6

= 4x = 4

 therefore x = 4/4

                x = 1

Hence, the correct answer is "1".

According to the given information,

• The series has a total of 20 elements.
• "4" is the element that is 15th from the right side of the series.
• "C' is the element that is 6th to the right of "4".

​

Hence, the correct answer is "C".

According to the given information:

• Madhu walked 5 km from her house towards the north.
• From there she took a right turn and walked 3 km.
• Then she turned right again and walked 5 km.

So from the following, this diagram can be deduced,

As we can see from the diagram he is currently walking in the South direction.

Hence, the correct answer is "South".

The logic followed here is,

abc : n  (a + b + c)

Where a, b, and c are the initial 3-digit numbers of the series (a + b+ c = n) and n is the second 2- digit number.

⇒ 2 +8 + 9 = 19

⇒ 4 +7 + 6 = 17 

Similarly,

⇒ 3 + 6 + 1 = 10

​Hence, the correct answer is "10".

Given statement: S = Q > R ≤  U = M > B

According to the given information:

​S is equal to Q, Q is greater than R, R is less than or equal to U, U is equal to M, and M is greater than B.

Conclusions:

I. Q > U → False( Q > R ≤ U; A definite relation cannot be established between Q and U)

.II. R < S → True ( S = Q > R; S > R → R < S)

​Hence, the correct answer is "Only II is true".

According to the given information:

• Sanjay is the father of Navya.
• Sanjay is the only son of Meena
• Meena is the mother of Gauri.

​This diagram can be deduced,

• As the diagram suggests, Gauri is the sister of Sanjay.

​Hence, the correct answer is "Sister".

The logic followed here is:

• The series follows the sequence of **n³: n³ - n² **where n - 6,7,8.
• 63: 63 - 62 = 216 : 216 - 36 = 180 → 216 : 180
• 83: 83 - 82 = 512 : 512 - 64 = 448 → 512 : 448

So the middle number should be 7.

• 73: 73 - 72 = 343 : 343 - 49 = 294 → 343 : 294​

Hence, the correct answer is "294".

According to the given information:

• Chandan walks towards the east,
• Then turns left,
• And then right.

​​So from the following, this diagram can be deduced,

As we can see from the diagram he is currently walking in the east direction.

Hence, the correct answer is "East*"*

According to the given information:

Given Equation → 'P + Q ÷ R × S'

P is the sister of Q, Q is the father of R, and R is the brother of S.

​So from the following, this diagram can be deduced,

As we can see from the diagram Q is the father of S and P is the sister of Q.

Hence, the correct answer is "Father's sister".

According to the given information:

From the above image, we can conclude that,

So, the code for "Camera" is 1.

Hence, the correct answer is "1".

Statements:

All dogs are cats.

Some cats are not goats.

The least possible diagram for the given statements is as follows

Conclusions:

I. All goats are cats → False (because statement given some cats are not goats so all goats are cats is not possible)

II. Some cats are dogs → True (because all dogs are cats so some cats are also dogs)

Hence, “Only conclusion II follows”.

The pattern followed here is,

Hence, “56 QR” is the complete series.

The logic followed here is:

Option (1) Brother's friend → He is not in family blood relationship.

Option (2) Son-in-law → Son-in-law is the husband of daughter, he is in family blood relationship.

Option (3) Maternal uncle → Maternal uncle is the brother of mother, he is in family blood relationship.

Option (4) Paternal aunt → Paternal aunt is the wife of paternal uncle, he is in family blood relationship.

Hence, “Brother's friend” is an odd one.

The image obtained when the paper is unfolded is,

Hence, option 1 is the correct answer.

In a row of 38 children, all facing the East.

• Ritvik is 15th from the right end. Kavya is sitting 6th to the left of Ritvik.

So kavya position from the right:

=> kavya position from the right = Ritvik position from the right + Kavya position to the left of Ritvik

=> kavya position from the right = 15 + 6 = 21

kavya position from the left:

=> kavya position from the left = Total children in row + kavya position from the right + 1

=>  kavya position from the left = 38 - 21 + 1 = 17 + 1 = 18

Hence, “18th” position of Kavya from the left end of the row.

The figure that will replace the question mark (?) in the following figure series is shown below:

• Two figures in boxes,

1) 1st to 2nd figure

• Both figures interchange their position.
• The second figure removes and a new figure is added.

​1) 2nd to 3rd figure

• Both figures flip vertically.
• The second figure removes and a new figure is added.

3) 3rd to 4th figure

• Both figures interchange their position.
• The second figure removes and a new figure is added.

4) 4th to 5th figure

• Both figures flip vertically.
• The second figure removes and a new figure is added.

Final series is:

Hence, ‘option 4’ is the correct answer.

The pattern followed here is:

• First figure A rotates 90° clockwise.
• Then cut vertically.
• Then this half part become dark and get figure B.

​

Similarly,

• First  figure C rotate 90° clockwise.
• Then cut vertically.
• Then this half part become dark and get figure D.

Hence, 'Option (2)' is the correct answer.

Table show alphabet serial number –

The pattern followed is,

Hence, “MN 81” is the complete series.

Alternate MethodThe pattern followed is,

Hence, “MN 81” is the complete series.

Given:

Five girls Anandhi, Bhanu, Chandana, Diya and Esha are sitting on a staircase.

1. Anandhi is sitting exactly below Esha, who is sitting exactly below Bhanu.

2. Chandana is sitting exactly between Anandhi and Diya.

3. Diya is sitting exactly on the third step below Esha.

Hence, "Anandhi"  is sitting on the middle step of the staircase.

The figure that will replace the question mark (?) in the following figure series is shown below:

1. The dots are increasing in Prime number order (2, 3, 5, next will be 7).
2. The middle figure rotates in a 90-degree clockwise direction.

Final series is

Hence, ‘option 2’ is the correct answer.

The pattern followed here is:

Hence, '1853' is the correct answer.

The pattern followed here is,

Hence, “55Q16” is the complete series.

Given:

Seven different coloured boxes, red, yellow, green, blue, magenta, purple, and orange, are kept one above the other.

1. There are only four boxes between the yellow and blue boxes.

 

2. The red box is just below the blue box and just above the purple box.

 

But only seven boxes are arranged but in condition 1 boxes are more than seven. So this condition is not possible.

3. The green box is kept at the bottom-most position.

 

Only magenta and orange colour box are reaming.

 

If the position of the purple box is exchanged with the box just below it.

 

“Two” boxes (Magenta / Orange and Yellow) will be between the green and purple boxes.

Hence, “2” is the correct answer.

The pattern followed here is:

Hence, '72' is the correct answer.

The figure that will replace the question mark (?) in the following figure series is shown below:

Hence, ‘option 1’ is the correct answer.

Check all the options:

Option 1:

Arrow face and light side on the same side 

Option 2:

Arrow face  and light side on the same side. 

Option 3:

Arrow face  and light side on the same side. 

Option 4:

Arrow face and light side are not on the same side. 

Hence, "Option 4" is the correct answer.

The table is alphabets place value:

The pattern followed here is:

RTSQ is related to WYXV

And

HJIG is related to MONL

Similarly,

'BDCA' = ?

Hence, 'BDCA' is coded as "GIHF".

Table show alphabet serial number –

The pattern followed is,

All follow the same pattern, except 'QNJP’.

Hence, “QNJP” is the odd one.

According to the given information:

The shaded part represents the number of people studying only English and those studying all the three subjects.

 

The number of people studying only English = 40

The number of people  studying all the three subjects = 9

The difference between the number of people studying only English and those studying all the three subjects = 40 - 9 = 31

Hence, ‘31’ is the correct answer.

The shaded part represents people are there who study both Physics and Maths, but NOT English.

 

The numbers representing people are there who study both Physics and Maths, but NOT English = 51

Hence, ‘51’ is the correct answer.

The correct answer is Andhra Pradesh

Key Points

• Kuchipudi is one of the eight major Indian classical dances.
• It originates from a village named Kuchipudi in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh.
• Kuchipudi is a dance-drama performance, with its roots in the ancient Hindu Sanskrit text of Natya Shastra.
• The typical musical instruments in Kuchipudi are mridangam, cymbals, veena, flute and the tambura.

Additional Information

The correct answer is 50% of the ball

Key Points

• The term ‘LBW’ stands for ‘Leg Before Wicket’ and it describes one of the ways that a batsman can be dismissed in the game of cricket.
• An umpire will give a batsman out LBW if they use a part of their body to block a delivery that would have gone on to hit the stumps.
• As a result of this law being in place, batsmen are forced to use their bat to block the ball, rather than using their pads or other areas of the body.
• To sum it up simply, the LBW rules in cricket are dependent on the following things:

1. Whether the delivery was legal or not
2. Whether the bowling side appealed to the umpire for LBW to be given
3. Where the ball makes contact with the pitch
4. Whether the ball hits the bat
5. Where the ball makes contact with the batsman
6. Whether the batsman is playing a shot or leaving the ball
7. Whether the ball was likely to hit the stumps

Additional Information

• The International Cricket Council (ICC) is the world governing body of cricket.
• It was founded as the Imperial Cricket Conference in 1909.
• It was renamed the International Cricket Conference in 1965 and took up its current name in 1987.
• The ICC has its headquarters in Dubai, UAE.

The correct answer is Kerala

Key Points

• The Vembanad Lake is the longest lake in the country and the largest in Kerala.
• It is bordered by the Alappuzha ( Alleppey), Kottayam, and Ernakulam districts of Kerala.
• It stretches over an area of 200 sq km.
• The Government of India has recognized the Wetland under the National wetlands Conservation Programme.
• Currently, the lake is declining in size and is facing a major ecological crisis, owing to land reclaiming.

The correct answer is Wrestling.

Key Points

• Sakshi Malik is an Indian freestyle wrestler. At the 2016 Summer Olympics, she won the bronze medal in the 58 kg category, becoming the first Indian female wrestler to win a medal at the Olympics.
• Malik had previously won the silver medal at the 2014 Commonwealth Games in Glasgow, and the bronze medal at the 2015 Asian Wrestling Championships in Doha.
• Yogeshwar Dutt is an Indian freestyle wrestler. At the 2012 Summer Olympics, he won the bronze medal in the 60 kg category. He was awarded the Padma Shri by the Government of India in 2013. He won gold medals at the 2010 and the 2014 Commonwealth Games. He is one of only 5 male wrestlers in India to win an Olympic medal.
• Vinesh Phogat is an Indian wrestler. She became the first Indian woman wrestler to win gold in both Commonwealth and Asian Games. Phogat became the first Indian athlete to be nominated for Laureus World Sports Awards in 2019.
• Thus, option 3 i.e. wrestling is the correct answer.

The correct answer is Seven Years

Key Points

• Pradhan Mantri Jan-Dhan Yojana (PMJDY) – National Mission for Financial Inclusion, completed its Seven years of successful implementation in August 2021.
• Pradhan Mantri Jan-Dhan Yojana (PMJDY) was launched by Narendra Modi on 28th August 2014.
• It is a national mission with an aim to provide access to various financial services including Remittance, Credit, Insurance, Pension, Banking Savings & Deposit Accounts in an affordable manner.
• The scheme covers both the urban as well as rural areas and provides an indigenous Debit Card (RuPay card) to each of its account holders.
• It is Run by the Department of Financial Services, Ministry of Finance.
• PMJDY scheme is also certified by the Guinness World Records for its achievements which states that most bank accounts opened.

The correct answer is -40° C

Key Points

• Celsius scale was introduced by Andres Celsius.
• In Celsius, scale water is taken as the base and certain standard values are set with respect to water, for example, the boiling point of water is 100 degrees Celsius and the melting point is 0 degrees Celsius.
• The Fahrenheit scale was introduced by Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit.
• According to this scale, the boiling point of water is taken as 212 degrees Fahrenheit and the melting point as 32 degrees Fahrenheit. This gives the exact difference of 180.

The relation between the Fahrenheit and Celsius scale is given by the equation.

Therefore, Celsius and Fahrenheit scales coincide at -40 degrees.

The correct answer is Tamil Nadu

Key Points

• Tamil Nadu is the first and the only state in India, which has made rooftop rainwater harvesting compulsory.
• Amendments made to Section 215 (a) of the Tamil Nadu District Municipalities Act, 1920 and Building Rules 1973, has made it mandatory to provide Rain Water Harvesting structures in all new buildings.
• The rooftop rainwater harvesting model of the Tamil Nadu government gave an excellent result within five years and led to a 50% rise in water level in five years in Chennai.

 

         

Additional Information

• In Maharashtra, Usage of Rainwater harvesting varies across the state and also it’s not compulsory.
• The bamboo dripping irrigation system in Meghalaya is one of three rainwater harvesting methods used in different parts of India.
• Rooftop rainwater harvesting structure is the part of the technique through which rainwater is captured from the roof catchments and stored in reservoirs.
• The act of collecting, diverting and storing water from rain events for later reuse is called rainwater harvesting.
• Advantages of using rooftop rainwater harvesting:

1. Reduces the cost of pumping groundwater.
2. Provides high-quality water that is soft and low in minerals.
3. Improves the quality of groundwater through dilution when recharged to the ground.
4. Reduces soil erosion in urban and rural areas.

• The Rain Saucer, Groasis Water box and various others are the newly developed approaches for the purpose of rainwater harvesting.
• Frankfurt Airport has the biggest rainwater harvesting system in Germany.

The Correct answer is a leakage.

Key Points

• Foreign trade, Influences Indian Aggregate demand in two ways-

     (1)  When Indians buy foreign goods, this spending escapes as a leakage from the circular flow of income decreasing aggregate demand.

     (2) Our exports to foreigners enter as an injection into the circular flow, Increasing aggregate demand for domestically produced goods

   

Additional Information

• An open Economy means when a country establishes trade commodities,services as well as financial assets relations with other countries.

The Correct answer is 1810.

Key Points

• In 1810, first-time coal gas was used for street lighting in London.
• Coal gas is Obtained to get a Coke during Coal Processing.
• The Main Components of coal gas are hydrogen, methane and carbon monoxide.
• Coal gas is Used for Commercial Purposes and used as a Source of Fuel.
• Coal is the Most Plentiful Source of Power in the World.

The Correct answer is Tel Aviv University.

Key Points

• Wipro and Israel's Tel Aviv University have Singed an MoU For Research and analysis in Quantum Science and Technology.
• According to the MoU, Tel Aviv University's center for quantum science and technology Faculty Members will work with Wipro and its Customers to analyze use cases and Potential Applications of Quantum Computing for the Indian IT Major's large Organisational Clients.

The Correct answer is 1839.

Key Points

• The term 'Protoplasm' is given by Purkinje in 1839.
• It is the living Content of a Cell that is Surrounded by a Plasma Membrane.
• It is basically Composed of a Mixture of Small Molecules such as Nucleic Acids, Proteins, and Lipids.

   

Additional Information

• In Eukaryotes, the Protoplasm Surrounding the Cell Nucleus is Known as the Cytoplasm and Inside the Nucleus is the Nucleoplasm.
• In Prokaryotes the material inside the Plasma Membrane is the Bacterial Cytoplasm.

The Correct answer is Sunlight.

Key Points

       Inexhaustible Resources or Renewable Resources 

• These are the sources of energy which are being produced continuously in nature.
• It can be renewed or reproduced by physical, chemical or mechanical processes.
• Example- Solar Energy, Wind Energy, Hydro Energy Etc.
• These Resources do not cause any Pollution.

     Exhausted or Non-Renewable Resources.

• These are the sources of energy which have accumulated in nature over a long time and can not be quickly replaced.
• Example - Coal,Petroleum,Natural gas etc.
• These resources are the major cause of environmental pollution.

The correct answer is 2019.

Key Points

• The government of India commemorated the 150th Birth Anniversary of Mahatma Gandhi, Father of the Nation, at the National and International levels to propagate his message in 2019.
• On this occasion, Prime Minister of India Shree Narendra Modi gave a tribute to Mahatma Gandhi at Sabarmati Ashram in Ahmedabad and declared India an open defecation-free country.
• At the United Nations General Assembly, Mahatama Gandhi's 150th Birth Anniversary was celebrated at United Nations in New York.
• The United Nations also released a Special commemorative stamp to mark 150 years since Gandhi' Birth.
• Prime Minister Narendra Modi, along with UN chief Antonio Guterres and other world leaders, inaugurated the Gandhi Solar Park and Gandhi Peace Garden at the headquarters of the global body, underlining that his principles act as a moral compass as the world grapples with the challenges of climate change, terrorism, and corruption.
• The Gandhi Solar Park is a first-of-its-kind symbolic Indian effort at the UN that highlights India's willingness to go beyond the talk on climate change and climate action.

The Correct answer is 1801.

Key Points

• Thomas Young, an English physician and Physicist established the Principle of Interference of Light.
• In 1801, Young Performed an experiment that strongly inferred the wave-like nature of light.
• He used his New Wave Theory of Light to Explain the New Colours of thin films and relate colour to wavelength, he calculated the approximate Wavelengths of the Seven Colours Recognized by Newton.
• Young also did work on Measuring the size of Molecules, Surface Tension in Liquids and Elasticity.

The Correct answer is Chittorgarh Fort.

Key Points

   Sisodiya Rajputs

• The Sisodiya dynasty was founded by Rana Hammir Singh.
• Chittor was the capital of the Sisodiya dynasty.
• The Sisodiya are an Indian Rajput clan, belonging to this clan ruled over the kingdom of Mewar in Rajasthan.
• Rana Hamir, Rana Kumbha, Rana Sanga and Rana Pratap were the most powerful ruler of this dynasty.
• The Sisodiya dynasty reached its peak during the rule of Rana Sanga.

Additional Information

• Chittorgarh Fort:- Chittorgarh is named after its most imposing structure, the Forts which stand atop a 180-meter High Hill and are spread across 700 acres
• Nahargarh Fort:-  It is situated in the Aravali Hills. it was constructed during the reign of Jai Singh in 1734.
• Jaigarh Fort:- about 15km from Jaipur, it was built by Sawai Jai Singh II.
• Amer Fort:- it is located in Amer Rajsthan .it was originally built by Raja Man Singh and addition were later made by Sawai Jai Singh.

The Correct answer is Selaginella.

Key Points      Pteridophyte

• Plant under this subgroup is Seedless Vascular Plants that are Reproduced by means of spores.
• These are also known as Cryptogams
• The term Pteridophyta was Coined by Haeckel.
• Examples- selaginella,Salvinia,Marsilea etc.
• Mainly found in cool, damp shady places.
• The Plant body is differentiated into roots, stem, and leaves.

Additional Information

• Sargassum:
• The sea sargasso located within the Atlantic ocean is the only sea that does not have a land boundary and is named after the sargassum algae which is a type of brown algae.
• Funaria:
• Funaria belongs to the group Bryophyta.
• Funaria is a moss. They don't have a vascular system.
• Funaria fertilization is dependent on water for the transfer of sperm to the egg.
• The main plant body is a gametophyte which is independent and the sporophyte is partially or fully dependent on gametophytic generation.
• Funaria is a type of Moss commonly called Rope moss or Cord moss.
• Sphagnum:
• Sphagnum is also called ''Peat moss''
• Sphagnum is a member of the class Bryopsida from the group bryophytes.
• Sphagnum is known by several other names like:
• Bog moss - It grows in acidic swamps
• Carpet or turf moss - it spreads like a carpet on swamps, due to which the swamps cannot be seen easily.
• Absorbent cotton - It can absorb very high amounts of water

The Correct answer is the Pituitary Gland.

Key Points

• The pituitary gland is also called Master Gland because it directs other Organs and endocrine glands to either suppress or Induce Hormone production.
• It is located in the anterior brain.
• It Secretes- Somatotropin(STH or Growth Hormone), Thyroid Stimulating Hormone(TSH), Metabolic Hormone, and Oxytocin or Pitocin Hormone.

Additional Information

Adrenal Gland

• The Adrenal glands are located above the Kidneys.
• Aldosterone, Glucocorticoids and Androgen Hormones are Secreted by Adrenal Cortex.
• Adrenaline and Noradrenaline Hormones are secreted by Adrenal Medulla.

  Pineal Gland​ 

• The Pineal gland is the smallest endocrine gland and is found in the brain of most vertebrates.
• This gland secretes the Melatonin hormone, which plays a crucial role in our body's internal clock.

  Parathyroid Gland​

• The Parathyroid gland Secretes a Hormone called Parathormone which Helps to Regulate Calcium and Phosphate levels in the Blood.

The Correct Answer is Poila Baisakh.

Key Points

• The Bengali New Year is also known as Poila Baisakh or Bangla Noboborsho.
• It is Celebrated in the month of April throughout West Bengal, Assam, Tripura, and in the neighbouring country i.e. Bangladesh.
• On Poila Baisakh, Goddess Lakshmi, the Hindu Goddess of Wealth and Lord Ganesha are worshipped.
• Poila Baisakh is a significant celebration since it symbolizes the start of a new fiscal year. Men and Women go to temples early in the morning on this day.​

Additional Information

Durga Puja:  

• Durga puja is the most important festival of Bengal. This festival is celebrated in the month of October, throughout West Bengal. During this festival, people from all over India and World visit West Bengal to enjoy the festival.

The Correct answer is Johann Dobereiner.

Key Points

• According to Dobereiner, when Elements are arranged in Order of Increasing Atomic Mass, groups of three Elements (known as triads) that have Similar Chemical Properties are Obtained.

• The Atomic mass of the Middle Element was nearly equal to the Arithmetic Mean of the Other.

• Examples of triads of elements are as follows-

• | Element | Atomic Mass | Mean | | --- | --- | --- | | Lithium | 7 | | | Sodium | 23 | 7+39/2 =23 | | Potassium | 39 | |

• This classification was not widely accepted since only a few elements could be arranged into triads.

• 

Additional Information

• According to Moseley's Modern periodic law, Elements are Arranged in a Tabular form based on their Atomic Numbers. it states that the Chemical and Physical Properties of Elements are a Periodic Function of their Atomic Number.
• Newland arranged the Elements in the Order of Increasing Atomic Masses and found that the Properties of Every 8th Element are Similar to that of the 1st Element, Just like musical notes.
• Mendeleev arranged the Elements in the Increasing Order of their Atomic Mass. Mendeleev's Periodic table is based on the Chemical Properties of the Elements. It contains 7 Periods(horizontal rows) and 8 Groups (vertical columns).

The Correct Answer is June.

Key Points

• Ambubachi festival is the most important festival of Assam and is celebrated at Kamakhya temple in the month of June every year.
• During the period of Ambubachi from the seventh to the tenth day of the Hindu month of "Asadha", the shrine doors are closed to all.
• It is believed that Maa Kamakhya goes to her annual cycle of Menstruation during this time stretch.
• Kamakhya is one of 51 Shaktipeeths or holy sites for the followers of the Shakti cult, each representing a body part of Shakti**, Lord Shiva's** companion.​​

Additional Information

• Rongali Bihu Utsav:– It is the spring Festival of  Assam celebrated with great fervour. It is related to season and agriculture.
• Karbi youth festival:– Karbi Cultural society organizes the Karbi youth festival at Diphu every year, which showcases Karbi ethnic culture.

The right answer is His soldiers

Key Points

• Siri town or popularly known as Siri Fort was made by Alauddin Khilji in Delhi in order to defend the city from Mongol invasion.
• Siri fort was the second of the seven cities of medieval Delhi built around 1303.
• Jahanpanah has thirteen gates, and Siri has seven gates.

Additional Information

• Alauddin Khilji (1296–1316), born Ali Gurshasp, was an emperor of the Khalji dynasty.
• He was the 13th Sultan of Delhi and was the successor of Jalaluddin Khilji.
• Alauddin implemented price control measures for a wide variety of market goods.
• He also brought a number of administrative and revenue reforms.
• Alauddin conquered the kingdoms of Gujarat (raided in 1299 and annexed in 1304), Jaisalmer (1299), Ranthambore (1301), and Chittor (1303), Malwa (1305), Siwana (1308), and Jalore (1311).
• The military commanders that successfully led his army against the Mongols include Zafar Khan, Ulugh Khan, and his slave-general Malik Kafur.

The correct answer is CK Daftari

Key Points

• Chander Kishan Daphtary was an Indian lawyer and was the first Solicitor General of India from 1950 to 1963.
• He was the Attorney General for India from 1963 to 1968.
• He was awarded the Padma Vibhushan in 1967.
• C. K Daphtary opposed the inclusion of Fundamental Duties in the Constitution.

Additional Information

• The fundamental duties of citizens were added to the constitution by the 42nd Amendment in 1976, upon the recommendations of the Swaran Singh Committee.
• The fundamental duties are mentioned under Article 51 A in Part 4A of the Constitution.
• Originally ten in number, the fundamental duties were increased to eleven by the 86th Amendment in 2002, which added a duty on every parent or guardian to ensure that their child or ward was provided opportunities for education between the ages of six and fourteen years.

The correct answer is Thorium

Key Points

• Thorium is a weakly radioactive metallic chemical element.
• India has one of the largest shares of global thorium reserves at about 25% of the world's known thorium reserves.
• The known reserves of thorium in India are estimated to be between 457,000 and 508,000 tonnes.
• Kerala, Jharkhand, Bihar, Tamil Nadu and Rajasthan are the main producers.

Additional Information

• India's three-stage nuclear power programme was formulated by Homi Bhabha.
• The ultimate focus of the programme is on enabling the thorium reserves of India to be utilised in meeting the country's energy requirements.
• Nuclear power in India delivers a total capacity of 6.7 GWe (Giga Watt Electricity), contributing about 2% of the country’s electricity supply.
• In May 1974, India has conducted its first nuclear test in Pokharan with the codename of "Smiling Buddha".
• Between 11 and 13 May 1998, five nuclear tests were conducted as a part of the series of Pokhran-II. These tests were collectively called Operation Shakti–98.

The correct answer is 1955

Key Points

• The Citizenship Act 1955 provided provisions for renunciation, termination, and deprivation of citizenship.
• The Citizenship Act 1955 was enacted by Parliament in the Sixth year of the Republic of India.
• Originally, the Citizenship Act of 1955 provided for Commonwealth Citizenship as well. However, the Citizenship (Amendment) Act of 2003 repealed this provision.
• The Citizenship Act 1955 provides for the following ways to acquire citizenship:

1. Citizenship by birth - for people born in Indian territory
2. Citizenship by descent - for persons born outside India with Indian parents
3. Citizenship by registration - for persons whose ancestors were Indian citizens
4. Citizenship by naturalization - for persons staying in India for a long time
5. Citizenship by incorporation of territory (by the Government of India)
6. Special provisions as to the citizenship of persons covered by the Assam Accord

Additional Information

• Articles 5 to 11 under Part II of the Constitution deals with citizenship.
• The Citizenship Amendment Act 2019:

1. The Amendment permits members of six communities Hindus, Sikhs, Buddhists, Jains, Parsis, and Christians from Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Afghanistan to continue to live in India if they entered India before December 14, 2014.
2. It also reduces the requirement for citizenship from 11 years to just 6 years.

The correct answer is Arunachal Pradesh

Key Points

• The least population density in India as per Census 2011 is in Arunachal Pradesh.
• Arunachal Pradesh has just 17 persons per square km.
• The population density of India is 382 per square km.

Additional Information

• The National Capital Region area of Delhi possesses the highest of population density in 2011 among the states of India having a statistic of 11,297 per square kilometre.
• The most populated state of India is Uttar Pradesh and the least populated state in Sikkim according to the census 2011.
• Kerala is the highest literate state in the country with a 93.91% of literacy rate. Bihar is the least literate state with a literacy rate of 63.82%.
• Kerala represents the highest sex ratio with 1084 females per 1000 males while Haryana features the lowest sex ratio in India with just 877 women per 1000 males.

The correct answer is Speaker

Key Points

• In parliamentary procedure, an adjournment ends a meeting.
• The power to adjourn the daily sittings of the Lok Sabha is with Speaker.
• An adjournment ends a sitting whereas prorogation ends a session of the House.
• The President has the power to summon and prorogue either House of Parliament or to dissolve Lok Sabha.

Additional Information

• The Speaker of Lok Sabha is the presiding officer and the highest authority of the Lok Sabha, the lower house of the Parliament of India.
• Newly elected Members of Parliament from the Lok Sabha elect the Speaker among themselves.
• The Speaker of the Lok Sabha conducts the business in the house and decides whether a bill is a money bill or not.
• The Speaker also presides over the joint sitting of both houses of the Parliament of India.
• On the order of precedence, the Speaker of Lok Sabha ranks sixth, along with the Chief Justice of India.
• The Speaker also has a casting vote in the event of a tie.
• The office of vice president is the second-highest constitutional office after the president and ranks second in the order of precedence and first in the line of succession to the presidency.
• Prime  Minister acts as a link between the people, the President and the Parliament. He formulates various policies of the government.

The correct answer is 4 

Key Points

• The investment multiplier refers to the number of times by which the increase in output or income exceeds the increase in investment.
• It is measured as the ratio between the change in income and change in investment and it is denoted as 'k'.
• K= 1/ MPS
• K= 1/ 0.25 = 4 times.

Additional Information

• Marginal Propensity to save refers to the percentage change in savings for every one rupee of change in the income.
• It is the ratio between the change in income and its corresponding change in savings.
• Multiplier(k) => Change in income / change in investment = 1/ MPS(s), where MPS(s) is the marginal propensity to save.

The correct answer is Dandi

Key Points

• The start of civil disobedience movement commenced as Mahatma Gandhi broke the salt law on the coastal town of Dandi on the Arabian Sea on April 6, 1930.
• Gandhiji and his 80 followers marched 241 miles from Sabarmati Ashram to the coastal town of Dandi (now located in Navasari district, Gujarat) where they broke the government law by gathering natural salt found on the sea shore, and boiling sea water to produce salt.
• The satyagraha against the salt tax continued for almost a year, ending with Gandhi's release from jail and negotiations with Viceroy Lord Irwin at the Second Round Table Conference.

Additional Information

• The Civil Disobedience Movement aimed at the complete refusal of cooperation to the British and hinder the functioning of the government.
• It also aimed at the refusal to pay taxes, boycotting government institutions and foreign goods.
• On March 12, 1930, Indian independence leader Mohandas Gandhi begins a defiant march to the sea in protest of the British monopoly on salt, his boldest act of civil disobedience yet against British rule in India.
• India's first civil disobedience movement was launched by Mahatma Gandhi to protest against the injustice meted out to tenant farmers in the Champaran district of Bihar.

The correct answer is the Brahmaputra river

Key Points

• The Largest inhabited river island is on the Brahmaputra river.
• A river island is any exposed land surrounded by river water.
• These islands result from changes in the course of a river. Such changes may be caused by interactions with a tributary, or by the opposing fluvial actions of deposition and/or erosion that form a natural cut and meander.
• Majuli, in the Brahmaputra River in India, a non-coastal landmass between two banks of a river, is recognised by the Guinness Book of World Records as the world's largest inhabited riverine island.

 

Additional Information

• The Brahmaputra river also known as the Yarlung Tsangpo in Tibet, the Siang/Dibang River in Arunachal Pradesh, and Lohit in Assamese, is a transboundary river which flows through Tibet, India, and Bangladesh.
• It is the 9th largest river in the world by discharge and the 15th longest.
• It has its origin in the Manasarovar Lake region, near Mount Kailash, on the northern side of the Himalayas in Burang County of Tibet.

The correct answer is Granville Austin.

Key Points

• Granville Austin called Indian federalism as "Cooperative federalism".
• Cooperative federalism means a combination of cooperation and interdependence between the Centre and the States to ensure smooth governance of the country.
• In Competitive federalism the relationship between the Central and state governments is vertical and between state governments is horizontal.

Additional Information

• Granville Austin was an American historian of the Indian Constitution.
• Ivor Jennings was a British lawyer. He served as the vice-chancellor of the University of Cambridge (1961–63) and the University of Ceylon.
• Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar (14 April 1891 – 6 December 1956) was an Indian jurist, economist, social reformer, and political leader who headed the committee drafting the Constitution of India from the Constituent Assembly debates, served as Law and Justice Minister in the first cabinet of Jawaharlal Nehru.

The correct answer is Sikkim.

Key Points

• The Centre for Monitoring Indian Economy (CMIE) is an independent private limited entity that serves both as an economic think-tank as well as a business information company.
• CMIE research group has built databases on the Indian economy and private companies.
• CMIE provides this information in the form of databases and research reports via a subscription-based business model.
• It is headquartered in Mumbai, with additional offices in India.
• According to the Centre for Monitoring Indian Economy Pvt. Ltd.(CMIE), the 30-day moving average unemployment rate was zero in the Indian state of SIKKIM as of August 2021.

The correct answer is Naturalization.

Key Points

• Naturalization is a way to acquire Indian citizenship.
• Deprivation, Abandonment, and Dismissal are the way through which a person can be deprived of Indian citizenship.
• The Constitution of India does not allow holding Indian citizenship and citizenship of a foreign country simultaneously.
• Foreigners may become Indian citizens by naturalization after residing in the country for at least 12 years and renouncing any previous nationalities.

Additional Information

• The citizenship provisions of the Constitution of India came into force on 26 November 1949.
• Citizenship is listed in the Union List under the Constitution and thus is under the exclusive jurisdiction of Parliament.
• The Constitution does not define the term ‘citizen’ but details of various categories of persons who are entitled to citizenship are given in Part 2 (Articles 5 to 11).
• There are four ways by which Indian Citizenship can be acquired;
• By Birth
• By Registration
• By Descent
• By Naturalization

The correct answer is Steeper for A.

Key Points

• A budget line can either shift or tilt:
• A shift on the budget line occurs when the consumer's income changes while the prices of the goods remain constant.
• A tilt on the budget line occurs when the price of one good changes while the consumer's income and the price of the other good remain the same.
• If the price of one good increases while the income and the price of the other remain constant, then the budget line will tilt inwards from the intercept of the good whose price is constant.
• Thus, the budget line will get steeper for A.

Additional Information

• The budget line, also known as the budget constraint, is a curve that shows all the bundles of goods or services that exhaust the entire consumer's income.
• A point below the budget line shows that the consumption at that point is attainable or affordable, but the consumer is not exhausting his income.
• The slope of the budget line is equivalent to the ratio of the cost of two commodities.
• The slope of the budget constraint possesses distinctive importance.

       

The correct answer is Kerela.

Key Points

• Among the states in India, Kerala has the highest literacy rate.
• In 2011, the literacy rate in Kerala was 93.91 percent.
• Nine out of ten females are literate in this state.
• Rajasthan has the lowest male literacy rate, while Bihar has the lowest female literacy rate.

 

Additional Information

• West Bengal: 
• According to the 2011 census, the literacy rate in West Bengal is 77%.
• Literacy rate of Male - 82%.
• Literacy rate of females - 71%.
• Gujarat:
• According to the 2011 census, the literacy rate in Gujarat is 78.03%.
• Literacy rate of Male - 85.75%
• Literacy rate of females - 69.68%
• Karnataka:
• According to the 2011 census, the literacy rate in Karnataka is 75.36%.
• Literacy rate of Male - 82.47%
• Literacy rate of females - 68.08%
• The 2011 census was India's overall 15th and 7th census since independence.
• 8 Census have been conducted prior to independence.
• Census is conducted every 10 years in India.
• The first Census in India was conducted in the year 1872.

The correct answer is the Kollam-Thiruvananthapuram region

Key Points

• Kollam-Thiruvananthapuram region:
• This is a comparatively small industrial region and spreads over the Thiruvananthapuram, Kollam, Alwaye, Ernakulam, and Allapuzha districts of south Kerala.
• Plantation agriculture and hydroelectricity provide the industrial base to this region.
• The main industries are textiles, sugar, rubber, matchbox, glass, chemical fertilizers, food and fish processing, paper, coconut coir products, aluminum, and cement.
• The oil refinery set up in 1966 at Kochi provides a solid base for petrochemical industries.
• Minor Industrial Regions: ​
• Ambala-Amritsar
• Saharanpur Muzaffarnagar-Bijnor
• Indore-Dewas-Ujjain
• Jaipur-Ajmer
• Kolhapur-South Kannada
• Northern Malabar
• Middle Malabar
• Adilabad-Nizamabad
• Allahabad-Varanasi-Mirzapur
• Bhojpur-Munger
• Durg-Raipur
• Bilaspur Korba and Brahmaputra valley.

Additional Information

• Major Industrial Regions:
• Mumbai-Pune Region, Hugli Region, Bengaluru-Tamil Nadu Region, Gujarat Region, Chotanagpur Region, Vishakhapatnam-Guntur Region, Gurgaon-Delhi-Meerut Region, and Kollam Thiruvananthapuram Region.
• Industrial Districts:
• Kanpur, Hyderabad, Agra, Nagpur, Gwalior, Bhopal, Lucknow, Jalpaiguri, Cuttack, Gorakhpur, Aligarh, Kota, Purnia, Jabalpur, and Bareilly.

The correct answer is Article 241.

Key Points

• Articles 239 to 241 in Part VIII of the Constitution deal with the union territories and there is no uniformity in their administrative system.
• Article 241 of the Indian Constitution basically talks about two or more states or a state and union territory sharing a common High court.
• Mumbai and Guwahati High court have the highest States/Union territories under its jurisdiction.
• **NOTE: **NCT of Delhi is the only UT having a separate High Court.
• The Union Territories have no separate representation in the Rajya Sabha (Upper House) except for Delhi, Jammu and Kashmir, and Puducherry.

Additional Information

Article 245 of the Indian Constitution:

• Article 245 of the Indian constitution talks about the extent of laws made by Parliament and by the Legislatures of States.
• It gives Parliament the power to make laws and also gives the legislative body the power to repeal them.

Article 239 of the Indian Constitution:

• Article 239 provided for the administration of UTs directly by the President through the administrators.
• Article 239A was brought in 1962, to enable Parliament to create legislatures for the UTs.
• Article 239AA on the Indian Constitution was added by Constitution (69th Amendment) act, 1991 according to special provisions for the National Capital Territory of Delhi.

Article 236 of the Indian Constitution:

• Article 236 of the Constitution of India states that the expression "judicial service" means a service consisting exclusively of persons intended to fill the post of district judge and other civil judicial posts inferior to the post of a district judge.

The correct answer is Samudra Gupta.

Key Points

• Samudragupta court poet and minister Harisena composed the Allahabad pillar Inscription or Prayag Prashasti.
• The Pillar was an Asokan Pillar erected by Asoka six centuries before him.
• This Inscription is a eulogy of Samudra Gupta and mentions the conquests of Samudra Gupta and the boundaries of the Gupta Empire.

Additional Information

Chandragupta II:

• Samudragupta was succeeded by his son – Chandragupta Ⅱ. Chandragupta Ⅱ ruled from 380 AD to 413 AD.
• He adopted the title ‘Vikramaditya’ (powerful as the sun) and Simhavikrama.
• He issued gold coins (Dinara), silver coins, and copper coins. On his coins, he is mentioned as Chandra.
• During his reign, a Chinese traveller, Fa-Hien visited India.
• His court at Ujjain was adorned by nine famous scholars known as the Navratnas (nine gems).
• There is a Sanskrit inscription on the Iron Pillar built by Chandragupta II discovered at Mehrauli near the Qutub Minar in Delhi.

Vinayagupta:

• Vinayagupta was one of the lesser-known kings of the Gupta dynasty.
• He is known for the fragmentary clay sealing discovered at Nalanda and the Gunaighar copper plate inscription dated Gupta era 188 (507 CE).
• R. C. Majumdar considers him the son of Purugupta.
• Vinayagupta had the first construction of the Kashi Vishwanath temple between 500 CE - 508 CE during his reign.

The current answer in Buddhism

The concept of "the Four Noble Truths" belongs to Buddhism.

Key Points

• The Four Noble Truths of Buddhism are:
• Dukkha (The truth of Suffering)
• Samudaya (To find the cause of suffering)
• Nirodha (To find the cessation of suffering)
• Magga (Implementation of the right path to end suffering)

   

Additional Information 

• Buddhism is one of the important religions of South and South Asian eastern countries.
• GAUTAM BUDDHA:
• The founder of this religion was Siddharta Gautam.
• He was born in 563 BCE in Lumbini into the royal family of the Sakya clan.
• He renounced the world at the age of 29 years and attained Nirvana at 35 years of age at Bodhgaya under a Pipal tree on the banks of Niranjan River after 49 days of meditation.
• He delivered his first sermon at Sarnath and died at the age of 80 years at Kushinagar.
• The main teachings of Buddha are four noble truths (Arya Satya) and an eightfold path (Ashtangika marga).

 

Important Points

JAINISM:

• Jainism is a very ancient religion. As per some traditions, it is as old as the Vedic religion.
• The Jain tradition has a succession of great teachers or Tirthankaras.
• There were 24 Tirthankaras the last of which was Vardhaman Mahavira.
• Mahavira rejected Vedic principles.
• He believed in Karma and the transmigration of the soul. The body dies but the soul does not.

SHAIVISM:

• Shaivism is one of the major traditions within Hinduism that reveres Shiva as the Supreme Being.
• The followers of Shaivism are called "Shaivites" or "Saivites".
• The seventh to ninth centuries saw the emergence of new religious movements, led by the Nayanars (saints devoted to Shiva) and Alvars (saints devoted to Vishnu).
• They were sharply critical of the Buddhists and Jainas and preached ardent love of Shiva or Vishnu as the path to salvation.

HINDUISM:

• Hinduism is known to have more than one god and is widely practiced in South Asia mainly in India and Nepal.
• Hinduism is the oldest religion in the world.
• Hinduism has its roots in the Indus Valley civilization.
• Hinduism prescribes eternal duties, such as honesty, non-violence (ahimsa), patience, self-restraint, and compassion, among others.
• The four largest sects of Hinduism are Vaishnavism, Shaivism, Shaktism, and Smartism.

The correct answer is Option 1.

The land of India has great physical variations.

Key Points

• The Northern Plains are formed by alluvial deposits.
• The Himalayas and the Northern Plains are the most recent landforms.
• From the viewpoint of geology, the Himalayan Mountains form an unstable zone.
• Southern India:
• The Peninsular Plateau is composed of igneous and metamorphic rocks with gently rising hills and wide valleys.​
• Western India:
• The Thar Desert covers the states of Gujarat and Rajasthan where they receive a less annual rainfall of 50 cms.
• Eastern India:
• The plains have several perennial rivers. It receives a good amount of rainfall.
• Mawsynram in the North-East records the highest rainfall in the world.

Therefore, geologically we find great physical variations in India due to certain changes formed by various tectonic movements inside the Earth.

The correct answer is Dr. BR Ambedkar.

Key Points

• Mahad Satyagraha or Chavdar Tale Satyagraha was a satyagraha led by B. R. Ambedkar.
• Mahad Satyagraha was held on 20th March 1927 to allow untouchables to use water in a public tank in Mahad (currently in Raigad district), Maharashtra, India.
• The day (20th March) is observed as Social Empowerment day in India.

Additional Information

• Dr. B.R. Ambedkar (1891-1956)
• B. R. Ambedkar was appointed as the first Law Minister of Independent India in 1947.
• B. R. Ambedkar is popularly known as 'Babasaheb'.
• He is known as the chief architect of the Indian Constitution and the father of the Indian Constitution.
• He became the Chairman of the Drafting Committee.
• Mahatma Gandhi (1869-1948)
• Gandhiji is known as the Father of our Nation.
• He returned to India from South Africa on 9th January 1915 and this day is celebrated as Pravasi Bharatiya Divas (NRI Day).
• The first satyagraha of Gandhiji was the Champaran Satyagraha (1917) also known as the first civil disobedience movement.
• The first non-cooperation movement of Gandhiji was Kheda Satyagraha (1918).
• He was the president of the INC session in Belgaum (1924).
• In 1931, Gandhiji participated in the Second Round Table Conference in London.
• Gandhiji was assassinated on 30 January 1948 by Nathuram Godse and this day is observed as 'Martyrs Day'.
• Mukund Ramrao Jayakar (M.R. Jayakar) (1952–1957)
• He was the first Vice-Chancellor of the University of Poona.
• He led the Swaraj Party in the Bombay Legislative Council from 1923 to 1925.
• He was the deputy leader of the Nationalist Party in the Central Legislative Assembly from 1926 to 1930.
• In 1937, he was made the judge of a Federal Court.
• Madan Mohan Malaviya ​
• He was most remembered as the founder of Banaras Hindu University (B.H.U) at Varanasi in 1916.
• He was the president of the Indian National Congress four times.
• He was also a social reformer who opposed untouchability.
• Rabindra Nath Tagore titled him "Mahamana" and he was awarded by Bharat Ratna in 2015 (Posthumous).

Given:

The average monthly salary of A and B is Rs. 5,150

The average monthly salary of B and C is Rs. 6,150

The average monthly income of A and C is Rs. 4,200

Formula used:

Sum = Number of terms × Average

Calculation:

The average monthly salary of A and B is Rs. 5,150

A + B = 10300  -----(1)

The average monthly salary of B and C is Rs. 6,150

B + C = 12300  -----(2)

The average monthly income of A and C is Rs. 4,200

C + A = 8400   -------(3)

Adding three equations we get,

2A + 2B + 2C = 31000

A + B + C = 15500  -----(4)

subtract equation(2) from equation(4)

A + B + C - B - C = 15500 - 12300

= 3200

The monthly income of A is Rs. 3,200

Answer is Rs. 3,200.

Given:

5% of the total voters did not vote

The winning candidate got 65% of the total votes and won by a margin of 3,500 votes

Calculation:

let 100x be the total number of voters

5% did not vote

Remaining number of voters  = 100x × (100 - 5)%

= 100x × 95%

= 95x

If winning candidate got 65% of votes

Winning candidate = 100x × 65% = 65x

Losing candidate = 100x - 65x - 5x = 30x

Winning candidate won by a margin of 3500 votes

= 65x - 30x

= 35x

35x = 3500

x = 100

Total number of votes,

100x = 100 × 100

= 10000

Answer is 10000 votes.

Given:

The average of a, b, c, 5 and 6 = 6

Formula used:

Sum = Number of terms × Average

Calculation:

a + b + c + 5 + 6 = 5 × 6

a + b + c + 11 = 30

a + b + c = 19 ----(1)

The average of a, b, c and 13,

= (a + b + c + 13) / 4  (from(1) a + b + c = 19)

= (19 + 13) / 4

= 32 / 4

= 8

The average of a, b, c and 13 is 8

Answer is 8.

Given:

Radius of cylinder = 14cm

77 litres is taken out

Formula used:

Volume of the cylinder = = πr2h  [r is radius and h is height] 

Calculation:

Height of the water level will be decreased corresponding the volume of water removed.

Which means, the height of the water level occupying 77 litres of volume is the height decreased when it is removed.

1 litre = 1000 cm³

77 × 1000 =  $\frac{22}{7}$ × 14 × 14 × h

1000/8 = h

Height = 125cm

Hence, Height will be decreased by 125cm

Answer is 125cm.

Additional InformationCurved surface area of the cylinder = 2 π r h

Total surface area of the cylinder = 2 π r (h + r)  [r is radius and h is height]

Given:

Rate = 16%

Three installments of Rs. 35152

Formula used:

Amount in compound interest (A)

A = P(1 + R / 100)T

For finding C.I. (Compound interest),

A = P + C.I.

where

P = principal.

R = rate percent per annum.

T = time.

When compounded quarterly, the time becomes 4 times and the rate becomes (1 / 4) times.

Calculation:

Compounded quarterly = 16% / 4

= 4%

A sum is paid in three installments of Rs. 35152 = $(\frac{100+R}{100})$

$\frac{Amount}{Principal}$ = $\frac{104}{100}$

$\frac{Amount}{Principal}$ = $\frac{26}{25}$

Principal 1 : Installment 1 = 25 : 26   ------(1)

Principal 2 : Installment 2 = 25² : 26² = 625 : 676    ------(2)

Principal 3 : Installment 3 = 25³ : 26³ = 15626 : 17576    ------(3)

three installments are same so,

Multiply 26² × (1) , 26 × (2) to make the installments same

Principal 1 : Installment 1 = 16900 : 17576

Principal 2 : Installment 2 = 16250 : 17576    

Principal 3 : Installment 3 = 15625 : 17576   

17576x is a installment

17576x = 35152

x = 2

Principal 1 + Principal 2 + Principal 3 = Total Sum

Total Sum = 16900x + 16250x + 15625x 

= 48775x

= 48775 × 2

= 97550

Sum of Rs. 97550 is is discharged in three instalments of Rs. 35152 at 16% (compounded annually)

Answer is Rs. 97550.

Alternate Method Given:

Rate = 16%

Three installments of Rs. 35152

Formula used:

P = X/ (1 + r/100)ⁿ + X/ (1 + r/100)^n-1 + ....X/ (1 + r/100)² + X/ (1 + r/100)

where r is rate% and n is number of installments

Calculation:

Compounded quarterly = 16% / 4

= 4%

Principal = X × ( $\frac{1}{(1+\frac{4}{100})^3}$ + $\frac{1}{(1+\frac{4}{100})^2}$ + $\frac{1}{(1+\frac{4}{100})}$ )

= 35152 × ( $\frac{25^3}{26^3}$ + $\frac{25^2}{26^2}$ + $\frac{25}{26}$ )

= 35152 × ( $\frac{15625}{17576}$ + $\frac{625}{676}$ + $\frac{25}{26}$ )

= 35152 × ($\frac{15625+16250+16900}{17576}$)

= 2 × 48775

= 97550

Sum of Rs. 97550 is is discharged in three instalments of Rs. 35152 at 16% (compounded annually)

Answer is Rs. 97550.

Given:

n is divided by 8, the remainder is 6

Formula used:

Dividend = Quotient × Divisor + Remainder

Calculation:

n is divided by 8, the remainder is 6

n = Quotient × Divisor + Remainder

let Quotient be 1,

n = 8 + 6

n = 14

if 2n is divided by 8,

2n = 2 × 14

= 28

28 = 3(Quotient) × 8(divisor) + 4(Remainder)

When 2 n is divided by 8, the remainder is 4

Answer is 4.

Shortcut Trick When n is divided by 8, the 

remainder is 6.

Which means n = 8x +6

On dividing the 2n by 8 we will have

2n = 8(2x) + 12. (as 12 is greater than 8 one more 8 can be included) 

⇒8(2x) + 8 + 4 ⇒ 8(2x +1) + 4 

Then we will have a remainder 4.

∴ When 2 n is divided by 8, the remainder is 4.

Given:

HCF of $\frac{2}{3}, \frac{8}{9}, \frac{10}{27}$ and $\frac{16}{81}$ 

Formula used:

HCF of $\frac{a}{b}$ , $\frac{c}{d}$ = $\frac{HCF\ (a \ ,\ c)}{LCM\ (b \ ,\ d)}$

Calculation:

HCF of $\frac{2}{3}, \frac{8}{9}, \frac{10}{27}$ and $\frac{16}{81}$ 

 

= $\frac{HCF(2,8,10,16)}{LCM(3,9,27,81)}$

= $\frac{2}{81}$

Answer is 2/81.

Additional Information LCM of $\frac{a}{b}$ , $\frac{c}{d}$ = $\frac{LCM\ (a \ ,\ c)}{HCF\ (b \ ,\ d)}$

Given:

A man goes from place A to B at a speed of 12 km/h and returns at a speed of 18 km/h

Formula used:

Average speed = $\frac{2×Speed1×Speed2}{Speed1+Speed2}$ ( this formula is only applicable when distance is same )

Calculation:

Average speed = $\frac{2×Speed1×Speed2}{Speed1+Speed2}$

= $\frac{2×12×18}{12+18}$ 

= $\frac{2×12×18}{30}$

= $\frac{72}{5}$

= $14 \frac{2}{5}$

Answer is $14 \frac{2}{5}$ km/hr.

Additional Information Distance = Speed × Time

Given:

$0.3 \overline{4}$

Calculation:

let x = $0.3 \overline{4}$

100x = 34.444.....

10x = 3.444....

100x - 10x = 34.444.... - 3.444.....

90x = 31

x = 31/90

Answer is 31/90.

Shortcut Trick

Let the Marked Price be 100%.

Discount = 21% → Selling Price = 100% − 21% = 79%.

Given 79% = 19750.

100% = (19750 ÷ 79) × 100 = 250 × 100 = 25000.

∴ The correct answer is ₹25000.

Alternate Method

Given:

Selling Price (SP) of the air-conditioner = ₹19,750

Discount percentage = 21%

Formula Used:

Marked Price (MP) = [Selling Price × 100] ÷ [100 − Discount%]

Calculations:

⇒ Marked Price = [19750 × 100] ÷ [100 − 21]

⇒ Marked Price = [19750 × 100] ÷ 79

⇒ Marked Price = 250 × 100

⇒ Marked Price = 25000

∴ The correct answer is ₹25000.

Additional Information

Marked Price (MP)

The price listed on the product by the manufacturer or retailer before any reduction is applied.

Discount Relation

Discount is always calculated on the Marked Price unless stated otherwise. Discount = MP − SP.

Successive Discounts

If two discounts d₁% and d₂% are given, effective discount = [d₁ + d₂ − (d₁ × d₂)/100]%.

Given:

10 × 100 - 10 + 200 ÷ 10

Concept used:

BODMAS consists of the first letter of the operations involved in a mathematical equation.

B- Bracket (), [], {}

O- Order, Square root, exponents, and powers

D- Division, ÷ /

M- Multiplication × *

A – Addition +

S – Subtraction –

Calculation:

= 10 × 100 - 10 + 200 ÷ 10

= 10 × 100 - 10 + 20

= 1000 - 10 + 20

= 1020 - 10 

= 1010

Answer is 1010.

Given:

The volume ratio of two cones is 4 ∶ 5

The radius ratio of their bases is 2 ∶ 3

Formula used:

Volume of a cone = $\frac{1}{3}$ × πr²h [ r is radius and h is vertical height]

Calculation:

let r1 and h1 be the radius and height of first cone

let r2 and h2 be the radius and height of second cone

let us assume that,

r1 = 2 , r2 = 3 

Volume of first cone = 4

Volume of second cone = 5

$\frac{Volume\ Of\ First\ Cone}{Volume\ Of\ Second\ Cone}$ = $\frac{r1^2×h1}{r2^2×h2}$ [  $\frac{1}{3}$ × π is common in both volumes so it is cancelled ]

$\frac{4}{5}$ = $\frac{2^2×h1}{3^2×h2}$

$\frac{4}{5}$ = $\frac{4×h1}{9×h2}$

$\frac{h1}{h2}$ = $\frac{9}{5}$

Height ratio of two cones is 9 : 5

Answer is 9 : 5.

Additional InformationSlant height = $\sqrt{radius^2+height^2}$

Curved surface area of the cone = π r l [ l is slant height and r is radius ]

Total surface area of the cone = π r (l + r)

Shortcut Trick

For the maximum volume sphere cut out from a hemisphere, the diameter of the sphere equals the radius of the hemisphere.

Radius of hemisphere (R) = 8 cm.

Radius of largest sphere (r) = R ÷ 2 = 8 ÷ 2 = 4 cm.

Volume of sphere = (4/3) × π × r³ = (4/3) × 3.14159 × 4³ ≈ 268.19 cm³.

∴ The correct answer is 268.19 cm³.

Alternate Method

Given: Radius of the solid hemisphere (R) = 8 cm.

Formula Used: Volume of sphere = (4/3) × π × r³

 

For a sphere to have maximum volume inside a hemisphere, it must touch the center of the base and the top-most point of the curved surface.

⇒ Diameter of sphere (d) = Radius of hemisphere (R) = 8 cm

⇒ Radius of sphere (r) = d ÷ 2 = 8 ÷ 2 = 4 cm

⇒ Volume = (4/3) × (22/7) × 4³

⇒ Volume = (4/3) × (22/7) × 64

⇒ Volume = (88 × 64) ÷ 21

⇒ Volume = 5632 ÷ 21

⇒ Volume ≈ 268.1904 cm³

∴ The correct answer is 268.19 cm³.

Additional Information

Volume of Hemisphere

The volume of a hemisphere is half the volume of a sphere: V = (2/3) × π × R³.

Surface Area of Hemisphere

Curved Surface Area (CSA) = 2 π R² and Total Surface Area (TSA) of a solid hemisphere = 3 π R².

Largest Cone in Hemisphere

The maximum volume cone that can be carved from a hemisphere has a base radius R and height R. Volume = (1/3) × π × R³.

Given:

He marks one item at a profit of 26% and sells at a discount of 20% on the marked price

He marks another item at a profit of 18% and sells it at a discount of 20% on the marked price

Formula used:

Selling Price = Marked Price (100 - discount)%

Loss = Cost Price - Selling Price

Loss % =  $\frac{Loss}{Cost\ Price}$ × 100

Calculation:

He has two similar items so, 

let the cost price of each item be 100x

Item 1:

He marks one item at a profit of 26% and sells at a discount of 20% on the marked price

Cost Price = 100x

Marked Price = 100x (100 + 26)%

= 100x (1.26)

= 126x

Selling Price = Marked Price (100 - discount)%

= 126x (100 - 20)%

= 126x (0.8)

= 100.8x

Item 2:

He marks another item at a profit of 18% and sells at a discount of 20% on the marked price

Cost Price = 100x

Marked Price = 100x (100 + 18)%

= 100x (1.18)

= 118x

Selling Price = Marked Price (100 - discount)%

= 118x (100 - 20)%

= 118x (0.8)

= 94.4x

Cost Price of the two items = 200x

Selling Price of the two items = 100.8x + 94.4x = 195.2x

loss = 200x - 195.2x

= 4.8x

Loss% = $\frac{4.8x}{200x}$ × 100

= 2.4%

Answer is 2.4% loss.

Given:

A positive integer when divided by 294 gives a remainder 32

Formula used:

Dividend = Quotient × Divisor + Remainder

Calculation:

let the Quotient be 1

Dividend = 1 × 294 + 32

Dividend = 326

326 is the number

if the 326 is divided by 14

326 = 23 × 14 + 4(Remainder)

4 is the Remainder

Answer is 4.

Given:

Radius of the cone = 3cm

Height of the cone = 4cm

Radius of the sphere = 6cm

Formula used:

Volume of a cone = $\frac{1}{3}$ × πr2h [ r is radius and h is vertical height]

Volume of a sphere =  $\frac{4}{3}$ × πR³ [ R is radius of sphere ]

Concept used:

if some form or shape is melted and recast into another form then both the volumes are same

Calculation:

let n be the number of cones

 $\frac{1}{3}$ × πr2h × n =  $\frac{4}{3}$ × πR³

3 × 3 × 4 × n = 4 × 6 × 6 × 6

n = 4 × 6

n = 24

Number of cones is 24

Answer is 24.

Additional InformationSlant height = $\sqrt{radius^2+height^2}$

Curved surface area of the cone = π r l [ l is slant height and r is radius ]

Total surface area of the cone = π r (l + r)

Given:

0.25

Calculation:

= $\sqrt{0.25}$ 

change the decimal into fraction

= $\sqrt{\frac{25}{100}}$

= $\sqrt{\frac{1}{4}}$

= ${\frac{1}{2}}$

= 0.5

Answer is 0.5.

Given:

Sum = ₹1,225

Years = 2

Compound interest = 144

Formula used:

Amount = Sum + Compound Interest

Amount = Principal (1+ $\frac{R}{100}$)no of years

Calculation:

Amount = Sum + Compound Interest

Amount = 1225 + 144

= 1369

Amount = Principal (1+ $\frac{R}{100}$)^{no of years}

$\frac{1369}{1225}$ = (1+ $\frac{R}{100}$)²

$\sqrt{\frac{1369}{1225}}$ = 1 + $\frac{R}{100}$

$\frac{37}{35}$ = $\frac{100+R}{100}$

$\frac{37}{7}$ = $\frac{100+R}{20}$

740 = 700 + 7R

40 = 7R

R = 40/7

R = $5 \frac{5}{7} \%$

Answer is $5 \frac{5}{7} \%$.

Additional InformationGiven:

Sum = ₹1,225

Years = 2

Compound interest = 144

Formula used:

Amount = Sum + Compound Interest

Calculation:

Amount = Sum + Compound Interest

Amount = 1225 + 144

= 1369

1369 : 1225 = (100+R)² : (100)²

taking square root,

37 : 35 = 100+R : 100

740 = 700 + 7R

40 = 7R

R = 40/7

R = $5 \frac{5}{7} \%$

Answer is $5 \frac{5}{7} \%$.

Given:

Water is flowing at the speed of 5 m/sec through a pipe having 7 cm as its radius of cross section

Tank with base area is (3 × 5) m2 and height is 1.54 m

Formula used:

Volume of a cuboid = Length × breadth × height

Volume of a cylinder = πr²h

Calculation:

Volume of the tank = 3 × 5 × $\dfrac{154}{100}$

= $\dfrac{231}{10}$ m³

let t be the time it will fill the tank

Volume of the cylindrical pipe that fills the tank in t seconds = πr2h × t

= $\frac{22}{7}$ ×  0.07 × 0.07 ×  5 × t ( 7 cm = 0.07 m )

$\dfrac{231}{10}$ m³ = $\frac{22}{7}$ ×  $\dfrac{7}{100}$× $\dfrac{7}{100}$ ×  5 × t

$\dfrac{21 \times 11 \times 100 \times 100}{10 \times 5 \times 7 \times 22}$ = t

t = 300 seconds 

t = 5 min

Answer is 5 min.

Additional InformationCurved surface area of the cylinder = 2 π r h

Total surface area of the cylinder = 2 π r (h + r)  [r is radius and h is height]

Given:

Assigning 0.5 value to each letter, commencing with 0.5 for A

Calculation:

A = 0.5 , B = 1 , C = 1.5 , .......

from the series it is obvious that the positional number of a letter is divided by 2 ( B position is 2 its value = 1 )

Hence for 14th letter,

= 14 / 2

= 7

Answer is 7.