DSSSB Junior Secretariat Assistant Official paper (Held on: 1 April 2022 Shift 3 ) (Previous Year Paper)

Given:

(Left) Σ 5 U £ ± 2 W @ 3 K 9 ÷ ŷ 6 M & 4 A α 5 G δ 7 B % R Ø 4 (Right)

• The middle eight elements

(Left) Σ 5 U £ ± 2 W @ 3 K 9 ÷ ŷ 6 M & 4 A α 5 G δ 7 B % R Ø 4 (Right)

• The middle eight elements in the given string is reversed

(Left) Σ 5 U £ ± 2 W @ 3 K A 4 & M 6 ŷ ÷ 9 α 5 G δ 7 B % R Ø 4 (Right)

• The twenty-first element from the right end

(Left) Σ 5 U £ ± 2 W @ 3 K A 4 & M 6 ŷ ÷ 9 α 5 G δ 7 B % R Ø 4 (Right)

• The eighth to the right of the twenty-first element from the right end.

(Left) Σ 5 U £ ± 2 W @ 3 K A 4 & M 6 ŷ ÷ 9 α 5 G δ 7 B % R Ø 4 (Right)

Hence, “ŷ” is the correct answer.

The given statement is: E ≤ S = M > U = P ≥ Q

Conclusions:

I. E ≤ M → True (as E ≤ S = M given; so E ≤ M is true).

II. M > Q → True (as M > U = P ≥ Q given; as M ≥ P and P ≥ Q so M > Q is true).

Hence, the correct answer is “Both I and II are true”.

According to the given information,

A symbols should come immediately preceded by a letter and immediately followed by a number.

• Letter → Symbol → Number

(Left) K & 4 G ∞ S D 2 @ 6 C T % 7 R Z ∑ 3 5 N (Right)

A number of times the condition is satisfied:

• [K & 4], [T % 7], [Z ∑ 3]

Hence, “Three” is the correct answer.

The table is alphabets place value:

DISTANCE is written as EHURDKGA

Similarly,

'SHIFT' = ?

Hence, 'SHIFT' is coded as "TGKDW".

The logic followed here is:

1st number × (difference of 1st number digits) = 2^nd number

Now follow the steps:

92 : 644

= 92 × (9 - 2)

= 92 × 7

= 644 = 2nd number

And,

83 : 415

= 83 × (8 - 3)

= 83 × 5

= 415 = 2nd number

Similarly,

75 : ?

= 75 × (7 - 5)

= 75 × 2

= 150 = 2nd number

Hence, "150" is correct answer.

Family Chart:

Given:

In a certain code language,

'A × B' means 'A is the sister of B',

'A + B' means 'B is the daughter of A'

'A ÷ B' means 'A is the mother of B'.

Let us first decode the given symbols and then draw a family tree.

Check option (1) ‘P × R ÷ Q × S’

1) P × R

'P × R' means 'P is the sister of R'

2) R ÷ Q

'R ÷ Q' means 'R is the mother of Q'

3. Q × S

'Q × S' means 'Q is the sister of S'

Clearly see in option (1) 'P is the S's mother's sister'.

Hence, “P × R ÷ Q × S” is the correct answer.

The table is alphabets place value:

SINGLE is written as ISNGEL

Similarly,

'BROKEN' = ?

Hence, 'BROKEN' is coded as "RBOKNE".

The table is alphabets place value:

Given:

ONQ : FEH

Similarly,

Option(2): RQT : BAD

Hence, "Option (2)" is the correct answer.

The table is alphabets place value:

CHALLENGE is written as XSZOOVMTV

Similarly,

'ASPIRATION' = ?

Hence, 'ASPIRATION' is coded as "ZHKRIZGRLM".

Decoding the information, 

Given:

50 × 49 + 7 ÷ 1 - 2 = 30 + 6 ÷ ? – 5

Let the “?” is ‘Z’

After replacing the signs from left to right and using the BODMAS rule,

=> 50 - 49 ÷ 7 + 1 × 2 = 30 ÷ 6 + Z × 5

=> 50 - 7 + 1 × 2 = 5 + Z × 5

=> 50 - 7 + 2 = 5 + Z × 5

=> 52 – 7 = 5 + Z × 5

=> 45 = 5 + Z × 5

=> 45 – 5 = Z × 5

=> Z × 5 = 40

=> Z = 40 ÷ 5

=> Z = 8

Hence, “8” is the correct answer.

Given:

$\frac{1}{0.004}$

= 1000 / 4

= 250

Hence, “250” is the correct answer.

The pattern followed here is:

{1st number × (1st number + 1)} × 10 = 2^nd number

Now follow the steps:

12 : 1560

= {(12 × (12 + 1)} × 10

= (12 × 13) × 10

= 156 × 10

= 1560 = 2nd number

And,

9 : 900

= {(9 × (9 + 1)} × 10

= (9 × 10) × 10

= 90 × 10

= 900 = 2nd number

Similarly,

16 : ?

= {(16 × (16 + 1)} × 10

= (16 × 17) × 10

= 272 × 10

= 2720 = 2nd number

Hence, "2720" is correct answer.

The given statement is: Z < R = W ≥ P = Q > T

Conclusions:

I. Q < Z → False (as Z < R = W ≥ P = Q gives either Z < W or W ≥ Q and no definite relation between Q and Z can be determined).

II. R > T → True (as R = W ≥ P = Q > T given; as R ≥ P and P > T so R > T is true).

Hence, the correct answer is “Only conclusion II is true”.

The given statement is: A = Z > T = S ≠ J = D

Conclusions:

I. S < Z  → True (as Z > T = S given; so Z > T is true).

II. S > A → False (as  A = Z > T = S gives as A > S so, S > A is False).

Hence, the correct answer is “Only I”.

Family Chart:

Given:

'P + F' means 'P is the son of F'

'P - F' means 'P is the wife of F'

'P × F' means 'P is the brother of F'

'P ÷ F' means 'P is the mother of F'

'P = F' means 'P is the sister of F'

Let us first decode the given symbols and then draw a family tree.

 

Now break the code ‘S × T ÷ U’

1) S × T 

'S × T' means 'S is the brother of T'

2) T ÷ U

'T ÷ U' means 'T is the mother of U'

Now, check all the options

1) S is the father of U → False (S is the uncle of U)

2) S is the brother of U → False (S is the uncle of U)

3) S is the nephew of U → False (S is the uncle of U)

4) S is the uncle (mother's brother) of U → true (S is the uncle of U)

Hence, “S is the uncle (mother's brother) of U” is the correct answer.

The table is alphabets place value:

Given: SAID - DAIS - DIAS

Similarly,

Option(1): SLOW - WLOS - WOLS

Hence, "Option (1)" is the correct answer.

 

Decoding the information, 

Given:

32 M 8 P 3 Q 15 R 5

After replacing the signs from left to right and using the BODMAS rule,

= 32 × 8 + 3 - 15 ÷ 5

= 32 × 8 + 3 - 3

= 256 + 3 – 3

= 259 - 3

= 256

= 16 × 16

Hence, “16 × 16” is the correct answer.

Drawing the diagram according to the given information,

• An ambulance is going in the south direction.
• Then it turns left.
• Then turns right.

Hence, the "South" direction is the ambulance going now.

Drawing the diagram according to the given information,

• Awadhesh started from his house and walked 10 km east.
• Then he turned to his left and walked 10 km.
• From there he took a right turn and walked 10 km.

Hence, now he is facing the "East" direction.

Given:

'A + B' means 'A is the father of B',

'A ÷ B' means 'A is the daughter of B'

Let us first decode the given symbols and then draw a family tree.

Now break the code of ‘P ÷ R + Q’

1) P ÷ R

‘P ÷ R’ means ‘P is daughter than R’

2) R + Q

‘R + Q’ means ‘R is father than Q’.

Now check all the options:

1) P is the mother of Q → False (P is the sister of Q)

2) Q is the sister of P → False (Q's gender is not described)

3) Q is the brother of P → False (Q's gender is not described)

4) P is the sister of Q → True (P is the sister of Q)

Hence, ‘Option (4)’ is the correct answer.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 3".

The least possible diagram is as follows:

Conclusions:

 I. All cakes can never be tarts.- True (From the given statements it is clearly given that some cakes are biscuits and no biscuits are tarts, hence there will always be a part of the cake that cannot be tart.)

 - Possible diagram

II. No pie is a biscuit - False (There is no direct relation between Pie and biscuits. It may be possible but not definite)

​Hence, the correct answer is "Only conclusion I follow".

The logic followed here is:

All follow the same pattern, except KQV.

Hence, the correct answer is "KQV"

The paper when unfolded will appear as follows:

When we unfold the given question figure the triangles should become squares, and the upper and lower vertical rectangle should become a horizontal rectangles.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 3". 

Confusion PointsOption 4:

• The upper and lower vertical rectangle should become horizontal rectangles but here they are vertical.

According to the given information:

L, K, A, M, S, T, and Q are sitting in a row facing north.

• T is the immediate right of S.
• ​S is fourth to the right of Q.

• Q and L are both at extreme ends.

• K sits immediate right of Q. A sits second to the right of Q.

• So, the only position left for M is in the middle.

Hence, the correct answer is "M".

The logic followed here is:​

• The 1st alphabet of the series is increased by +1.
• The number changes by multiples of 5.
• The 2nd alphabet of the series is increased by +1.

Hence, the correct answer is "E153H".

The logic followed here is:

• The numbers are increased by a difference of squares of numbers whose difference is n, where n = odd number > 3.

Hence, the correct answer is "3070".

The logic followed here is:

All follow the same pattern, except WXZY.

Hence, the correct answer is "WXZY"

The figure that will replace the question mark (?) in the following figure series is shown below:

1. The heart is inverted simultaneously and its position is changed 1 place in a clockwise direction.

2. The shaded area of the heart changes simultaneously between the right half and the top half.

3. The sides of the middle figure increase by +1.

4. The shaded area of the middle figure is changed simultaneously sideways.

Hence, the correct answer is "option 3"

The logic followed here is:

• The diagrams that are related are placed by a difference of 3.
• 1-4, 2-5, 3-6
• The diagrams are opposite of each other in a directional sense, that is one is clockwise other is anticlockwise.

​

• The number of fangs is increasing by +2 for each pair of figures.
• figure 1-2 => 2 fangs
• figure 3-4 => 3 Fangs
• figure 5-6 => 4 fangs

Hence, the correct answer is "option 4".

According to the given information:

Six friends:- K, L, M, N, O, and P face north.

• L sits at one of the extreme ends.
• There are 2 cases possible for this statement;

Case 1:

Case 2:

• P sits immediate left of L and third to the right of K.
• Here the 1st case gets eliminate L is at an extreme end.

• N sits fourth from the left end.
• M does not sit at any of the extreme ends.

This is the final arrangement.

• M sits third to the left of L.

Hence, the correct answer is "M"

The logic followed here is:

• The alphabets are increasing & decreasing simultaneously by +2 & -2 leaving one alphabet.
• The numbers are increasing & decreasing simultaneously by +2 & +3 leaving one number.

​Hence, the correct answer is "GI8".

The logic followed here is:

• The 1st alphabet of the series is increased by +1.
• The 2nd alphabet of the series is increasing by +2.
• The number in the series is decreasing gradually by n, where -n = odd numbers > 0 .

Hence, the correct answer is "B50R".

According to the given information:

• Vijeta is in the 26th position from the left side.

​

• There are 48 students.

​

Thus, the rank of Vijeta from the right side becomes,

• 48 - 26 + 1 = 23th

​Hence, the correct answer is "23th".

The logic followed here is:

option 1)

option 2)

option 3)

option 4)

Thus, all diagrams follow the same pattern except option 3.

Hence, the correct answer is "option 3"

The logic followed here is:

The figure consists of 8 lines joining at the center.

The first figure is related to the second figure as follows:

• The initial figure is rotated 3 positions anticlockwise.

​

After the rotations,

• A similar symbol as to the initial figure is added to the midpoint of the opposite line.

​

​Hence, the correct answer is "option 1"

The logic followed here is:

The series is increased by n where n is multiples of 3 n = 3, 6, 9, 12...

• 84 - 81 = 3
• 90 - 84 = 6

​​Therefore the difference between the next number should be 9. 

• 99 - 90 = 9
• 111 + 99 = 12

​Hence, the correct answer is "99".

The logic followed here is:

• LK – IM – ON

Similarly,

Option 1: PO - MQ - SR

Only PO - MQ - SR shares the same relation as LK – IM – ON.

Hence, the correct answer is "PO - MQ - SR".

According to the given information:

From the given figure;

We can see that the shaded part denotes the number of employed males who are NOT rural.

That is given as "8".

​Hence, the correct answer is "8"

According to the given information:

From the given figure;

We can see that the shaded part denotes the number of rural males who are NOT employed.

That is given as "5".

​Hence, the correct answer is "5"

The correct answer is These forests occur in regions with heavy rainfall for part of the year followed by a marked dry season.

Key Points

• Tropical Deciduous forest is the most widespread forest in India and is also called the “Monsoon Forest”.
• They are divided into moist and dry deciduous forests on the basis of the availability of water.
• Major states where tropical deciduous forests are found: Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Chattisgarh, Odisha, Maharashtra (Some Parts)
• Teak, sal, shisham, mahua, amla, semul, Kusum, etc are the main species of these forests.

Additional Information

• The humidity in these forests is between 80-90 percent.
• The average temperature of tropical deciduous forests is 30 degrees Celsius.
• The main feature of these forests is seasonal as the trees shed their leaves in the dry season and grow back in the rainy season.
• NOTE: In the Northern Hemisphere, these forests shed their leaves in winter.

                      These forests are comparatively less dense than evergreen forests.

The correct answer is Indonesian President Sukarno

Key Points

• The first Republic Day Parade was held on 26 January 1950, during which the President of Indonesia Sukarno was the chief guest.
• Between 1950 and 1954, Republic Day parades were held at Irwin Stadium (now National Stadium), Kingsway, Red Fort and Ramlila Maidan.
• Dr Rajendra Prasad began his first tenure as President of the Indian Union on this day.
• The President addresses the country on the eve of Republic Day.
• The republic day celebrations are majorly divided into three parts i.e. the Republic Day Parade, the Beating Retreat, and the Award Distributions.

Additional Information

• King of Bhutan Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck was the chief guest at the Republic Day celebrations twice in 1984 and 2005.
• King Tribhuvan Bir Bikram Shah of Nepal was the second Chief Guest of the Republic Day Parade in 1951.
• Governor-General Malik Ghulam Muhammad was the first person from Pakistan to attend the Republic Day Parade in 1955 at Rajpath, New Delhi as the chief guest.

Important Points

• Former French President Jacques Chirac, Bhutan's 4th King Jigme Singe Wangchuck and former Yugoslavian President Josip Tito were the only three people who were invited twice as chief guests at the Republic Day Parade.
• India did not have a Chief Guest for the Republic Day parade in 1952, 1953, 1966, 2021 and 2022.
• On India's very first Republic Day, the country's top gallantry awards were introduced by Dr Rajendra Prasad - the Param Vir Chakra, Maha Vir Chakra and Vir Chakra.
• The national anthem is played on this day, followed by a 21-gun salute. However, firing is not done using 21 guns.  It is done with seven canons of the Indian army known as '25-Ponders' that fire three rounds each.

The correct answer is Konark Festival

Key Points

• Konark Dance Festival is a five-day dance festival held every year in the month of December in the backdrop of the Sun Temple in Konark, Odisha, India.
• It is organized from 1 to 5 December every year since 1986.
• The festival will showcase dance forms like Bharatanatyam, Kathak, Odissi, Kathakali, Manipuri, Kuchipudi and many more.
• The International Sand Art Festival began in 2015 at Chandrabhaga Beach, Konark, Puri, Odisha, India.
• As many as 30 Indian and 10 foreign artists participate in this Competition-turned-Festival.

Additional Information

• The Sun Temple at Konark was given the status of a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1984.
• Jagannath Ratha Yatra is the famous festival of Odisha.
• Thrissur Pooram is an annual temple festival held in Thrissur, Kerala, India. It is held every year on Pooram day at the Vadakkunathan (Shiva) temple in Thrissur.
• Hornbill Festival is one of the most popular festivals of Nagaland, celebrated from 1st to 10th December every year.
• The Hornbill Festival is indeed the most renowned celebration of Nagas.
• The Pushkar Fair, also known as the Pushkar Camel Fair or locally Kartik Mela or Pushkar's Fair, is an annual multi-day livestock fair and cultural festival held in the city of Pushkar, Rajasthan.

The correct answer is To reduce friction

Key Points

• A substance that is introduced between two surfaces in contact, to reduce friction, is called a lubricant.
• When surfaces are separated by air cushions a hovercraft can travel on a rough surface because the moving objects are not in direct contact with the rough surface, reducing the friction force for the moving objects.

Additional Information

Friction: Friction is an opposing force that comes into play when the body is actually moving (slide or roll) or even tries to move over the surface of another body.

• Static friction(Fs): The opposing force that is active when the body tends to move over the surface, but the actual motion is yet not started.
• Kinetic friction(Fk): Kinetic or dynamic force is an opposing force that is active when the body is actually moving on another surface.
• Fk < Fs

Friction can be increased by:

• Making the surfaces rough, and
• Pressing the surfaces harder against each other (by increasing normal force).

The correct answer is To celebrate the birth anniversary of Gautama Buddha.

Key Points

• Buddha Jayanti or Buddha Purnima is celebrated to mark the birth anniversary of Gautam Buddha.
• Buddha Jayanti is celebrated every year on Vaishakh Purnima.
• This day is also known as Thrice Blessed Festival.
• Gautam Buddha was born in Lumbini, Nepal, and died in Kushinagar, Uttar Pradesh.

Additional Information

• On Buddha Purnima, it is believed that three important events of Buddha's life took place: his birth, his attainment of enlightenment and his death, Parnirvana.
• Lumbini Museum in Nepal is an example of joint cooperation between India and Nepal.
• Babasaheb Ambedkar’s chair for Buddhist studies at Lumbini Buddhist University will be established.
• The Buddha’s first sermon is called Dharma Chakra Pravartana or the Turning of the Wheel of Law.
• At the age of 35, he attained enlightenment at Uruvella (Bodh Gaya) under a peepal tree.
• After 49 days of continuous meditation, he became fully enlightened and was known as Gautam Buddha/ Tathagata.

The correct answer is Recombination 

Key Points

• Linked genes can be separated during crossing over and result in non-ancestral gene combinations. The term used by Morgan to refer to non-ancestral gene combinations is recombination.
• Recombination is a process by which fragments of DNA are broken and recombination to produce new combinations of alleles.
• This recombination process creates genetic diversity at the gene level that reflects differences in the DNA sequences of different organisms.

Additional Information

• Linkage, as related to genetics and genomics, refers to the closeness of genes or other DNA sequences on the same chromosome to each other.
• Variation refers to the difference between two individuals of a species. Genetic variation arises due to mutation and recombination during meiosis. Example: different skin colour, eyes, height, resistance to diseases, etc.

The correct answer is Pennsylvania, USA

Key Points

• The world's first oil well was drilled in Titusville in Pennsylvania, the U.S.A. in the nineteenth century.
• On August 27, 1859, George Bissell and Edwin L Drake made the first successful use of a drilling rig on a well-drilled mainly to produce oil in Pennsylvania.

Additional Information

• In India, the first well was dug in September 1889 in the Digboi area of ​​Assam and was completed in November 1890 by the Assam Railway and Trading Company Limited (AR&T Company Limited) at a depth of 662 feet.
• In India, oil is found in Assam, Gujarat, Mumbai High and in Godavari and Krishna river basins.
• The high pressure and high temperature T-02 oil well was drilled to 18,248 feet and is the deepest well in Dubai.
• Ankleshwar is the largest oil field in the Bharuch district of Gujarat.
• Jawaharlal Nehru called the Ankleshwar oil field the "fountain of prosperity".

The correct answer is JBS Haldane.

Haldane suggested that life evolved from simple inorganic (abiotic) molecules.

Key Points

• JBS British scientist Haldane suggested in 1929 that life may have evolved from simple inorganic molecules that were present on Earth shortly after its formation.
• He hypothesized that conditions on Earth at the time, which were far from those of today, could have given rise to the more complex organic molecules needed for life.
• The first primitive organisms would arise from further chemical synthesis.

Additional Information

The correct answer is John Newlands

Key Points

• In 1866, John Newlands, an English scientist, arranged the then-known elements in order of increasing atomic mass.
• He started with the element with the lowest atomic mass (hydrogen) and ended with Thorium which was the 56th element.
• He found that every eighth element has the same properties as the first. He compared it to the octave found in music.
• That's why he called it the 'law of octaves.
• This is known as 'Newlands' Law of Octaves'.
• The properties of lithium and sodium were found to be similar in Newlands' octave.

Additional Information

• It was assumed by Newlands that only 56 elements existed in nature and no more elements would be discovered in the future.
• But, later on, several new elements were discovered, whose properties did not fit into the Law of Octaves.
• In 1869, just five years after John Newlands put forward his Law of Octaves, a Russian chemist called Dmitri Mendeleev published a periodic table.
• Mendeleev also arranged the elements known at the time in order of relative atomic mass, but he did some other things that made his table much more successful.
• Marie Curie is best remembered for discovering radium and polonium, and for her huge contribution to finding treatments for cancer.
• In 1829, Johann Döbereiner grouped the elements with similar chemical properties into clusters of three called 'Triads'.
• Döbereiner invented the first lighter, which was known as the Döbereiner's lamp.

The correct answer is Bhubaneswar

Key Points

• The 1st Hockey India Junior and Sub-Junior Women's Academy National Championship 2021 was organised by Odisha Naval Tata Hockey High-Performance Center (ONTHHPC) at Kalinga Stadium, Bhubaneswar.
• It commenced on March 17, 2021.
• There were 14 Hockey India-affiliated academy teams were participated in the junior women's section and 10 teams in the sub-junior category.
• SAI Academy lifted the winner’s trophy in the junior category by beating Madhya Pradesh Academy by 2-1 in the finals.

Additional Information

• The Sports Authority of India (SAI) is the apex national sports body of India established in 1982 by the Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports, Government of India.
• Odisha Day, also Utkal Dibas is celebrated on 1 April in the Indian state of Odisha in memory of the formation of the state.
• Odisha: (Formed:  1 April 1936)
• Capital: Bhubaneswar
• Chief Minister: Naveen Patnaik
• Governor: Ganeshi Lal
• Chief Secretary: Shri Suresh Chandra Mahapatra, IAS
• First Chief Minister: Harekrushna Mahatab

The correct answer is option 3

Key Points

• The cytoplasm is an important part of the cell.
• It is a jelly-like substance that is present between the nucleus and the cell membrane.
• There are a number of other components or organelles of the cell that can be found in the cytoplasm.
• These are mitochondria, Golgi bodies, ribosomes, etc.

Additional Information

• The cell is the structural and functional unit of life.
• The term cell was first coined by English scientist Robert Hooke in the year 1665.
• Later the cell theory was given by Matthias Schleiden and Theodor Schwann.
• The primary components of the cell are – the cell membrane, nucleus, and cytoplasm.
• The plasma membrane is porous and allows the movements of materials or substances both inward and outward.
• The nucleus is located in the centre of the cell and is usually spherical in shape.
• The outer surface of the cell of the onion is the Cell wall.

The correct answer is Dr Manmohan Singh 

Dr Manmohan Singh:

• He was the 22nd Finance minister of India under the prime ministership of P. V. Narasimha Rao from 1991 to 1996.
• He also served as Prime minister of India two times i.e. 2004 to 2009 and 2009 to 2014.

Key Points

• To get out of the macro-economic crisis in 1991, India introduced a new economic policy based on LPG or liberalization, privatization and globalization model.
• The then Finance Minister Manmohan Singh was the chief architect of the historic liberalization of 1991.

Main objectives of Liberalization policy:

• The role of the public sector in the economy is diluted.
• To achieve a higher economic growth rate and economic stabilization.
• It aimed at increasing the participation of private sectors in all sectors of the Indian economy.
• It aims to promote foreign trade and reduce the debt of the country.
• To achieve the development and growth of the Indian economy through foreign trade policies, tax reforms, foreign exchange reforms, etc.

Additional Information

• P. V. Narasimha Rao was the 12th Prime minister of India from 1991 to 1996.
• The liberalization policy of India (1991) came into action during his tenure.
• Chandra Shekhar Singh served as the 8th Prime Minister of India, between 10 November 1990 and 21 June 1991.

The correct answer is Nagara style

Valabhi (Sub-type of Nagara Style):

• Rectangular buildings with a roof that rises into a vaulted chamber.
• Also called wagon-vaulted buildings.

Key Points

• The famous Jetavana scene depicted on a medallion found at Bharhut has been significant in the context of the evolution and early structural form of Valabhi temples.
• This scene consists of rectangular and circular huts that have inscribed levels, Gandha Kuti and Kosamba Kuti respectively.
• According to Literary sources Lord Buddha resided in Gandha Kuti.

Additional Information

• Basically, there are 3 kinds of temple architecture:

1. Nagara Style
2. Dravida Style
3. Vesara Style

The Nagara or North Indian temple style:

• Popular in northern India.
• The entire temple is usually built on a single stone platform, with steps leading to it.
• No grand boundary walls or gateways (unlike the Dravida style).
• The earlier temples had one shikhara while the later temples had many Shikharas.
• The sanctum sanctorum is situated directly below the highest peak.
• Found in the region of Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, and Rajasthan.

Dravida Style :

• Temple is enclosed by a compound wall.
• Gopuram - The entrance gateway in the centre of the front wall
• Vimana - The shape of the main temple tower. It is a stepped pyramid that rises up geometrically.
• In Dravida style, Sikhara is the word used for the crowning element at the temple.
• Ex. - Sriranganathar Temple, Kanchipuram Temple, Thanjavur Temple.

Vesara Style :

• This style of architecture flourished in the Deccan part of India.
• It is also called a hybridised style.
• It combines the feature of Nagara and  Dravida.
• Ex.- Chennakesava Temple, Virupaksha Temple, Ladkhan Temple.

The correct answer is Ashoka 

Key Points

• The Great Stupa of Sanchi was originally built in the 3rd century BCE by the Mauryan emperor Ashoka.
• It is located at Sanchi Town in the Raisen District of Madhya Pradesh.
• There are many small stupas here with three main ones – stupa 1, stupa 2 and stupa 3.
• Stupa 1 is also called the Great Stupa at Sanchi.
• It is the most prominent and the oldest and is believed to have the Buddha’s relics.
• The Great Stupa and Sanchi’s other Buddhist monuments were collectively designated a UNESCO World Heritage site in 1989.

Additional Information

• The structure has a lower and upper pradakshinapatha or circumambulatory path. The upper pradakshinapatha is unique to this stupa.
• On the southern side of the stupa, the Ashokan Lion Capital pillar is found with inscriptions on it.
• The hemispherical dome of the stupa is called the anda. It contains the relics of the Buddha.
• The harmika is a square railing on top of the dome/mound.
• Restoration work began in 1881 and was completed in 1919 under the supervision of Sir John Hubert Marshall, director-general of the Indian Archaeological Survey.

Important Points

Bindusara:

• Bindusara was the son of Chandragupta Maurya and the father of Ashoka the Great.
• He was called Amitraghata which means slayer (ghata) of all enemies (amitra).

Kanishka:

• Kanishka was the famous Kushana ruler, who ruled around 127 - 150 CE.
• He organised 4th Buddhist Council where scholars met and discussed important matters.
• Kanishka was defeated by Chinese General Pan Chao.

Kumaragupta:

• Kumaragupta I (415 – c. 455 CE) was an emperor of the Gupta Empire of Ancient India. His successor was Skandagupta.
• Kumaragupta bore the titles Maharajadhiraja, Parama-bhattaraka, and Paramadvaita.

The correct answer is 50000

Key Points

• The Mission Olympic Cell (MOC) is a specific body created to guide the athletes who are selected under the Target Olympic Podium Scheme (TOPS).
• The Mission Olympic Cell (MOC) conducts meetings to evaluate the proposals of the athletes. It identifies budgets based on the athlete’s requirement and the Committee’s recommendation.
• The MOC is under the chairmanship of the director-general, Sports Authority (DG, SAI)
• The sportspersons are selected mainly in two categories:

1. The Core Group
2. The Development Group.

• ‘Out of Pocket Allowance’ of Rs 50,000 per month is given to the selected Athletes in the Core Group and Rs 25,000 per month to athletes in the Development Group

Additional Information

Target Olympic Podium Scheme

• Target Olympic Podium Scheme (TOPS) was formulated in 2014 with the aim to identify, groom and prepare potential medal prospects for the Olympics.
• It is a flagship programme of the Ministry of youth affairs and sports.
• It aims to keep an eye on the future and fund a developmental group of athletes who are medal prospects for the Olympic Games.

Important Points

• The 31-year-old Arif Khan is the first Indian athlete to qualify for two events at the Winter Olympic Games, scheduled to be held in Beijing from February 4, 2022.
• Arif Khan will compete in the Slalom and Giant Slalom events.
• The 2022 Winter Olympics, officially called the XXIV Olympic Winter Games were held between 4 and 20 February 2022 in Beijing, China.
• The next Winter Olympics will be held: In Paris, France, from 26 July to 11 August 2024.

The correct answer is Ocean Current

 Key Points

• Ocean currents are the constant, predictable, directional movement of seawater driven by gravity, wind (the Coriolis effect), and the density of the water.
• Ocean water moves in two directions: horizontally and vertically.
• Horizontal movements are referred to as currents, while vertical changes are referred to as upwellings or downwellings.
• Ocean currents are one of the factors that affect the temperature of ocean water.
• Warm ocean currents raise the temperature in cold areas.
• Cold ocean currents decrease the temperature in warmer areas.

Additional Information

• The intensity of the ocean currents generally decreases with increasing depth.
• The speed of ocean currents is more than that of upwelling or downwelling which are vertical.
• An Ocean strait is a narrow body of water that connects two larger bodies of water. The Strait of Messina is the waterway between the island of Sicily and the southern Italian mainland.
• The global ocean conveyor belt or ocean belt is a continuously moving system of deep-ocean circulation driven by temperature and salinity.
• The great ocean conveyor moves water around the world.
• An ocean bight is a long, gradual bend or recess in the shoreline that forms a large, open bay.

The correct answer is WC Roentgen

Key Points

• William Roentgen, a German professor of physics, was the first person to discover electromagnetic radiation in a wavelength range commonly known as X-rays today.
• W.C Roentgen discovered X-Rays while actually working on Cathode rays.
• An X-ray is a form of electromagnetic radiation having a wavelength ranging from 0.01 to 10 nanometers and frequencies in the range of 30 petahertz to 30 exahertz.

Some Uses of X-Rays: 

• The main use of X-rays is in medicine to check for a broken bone inside the body.
• X-rays can also be used to kill cancer cells. X-rays are used at security checks at airports, railway stations etc. to check customers and baggage.
• X-ray diffraction is also very important in spectroscopy and as a basis for X-ray crystallography.

Additional Information

• Ernest Rutherford: Ernest Rutherford postulated the nuclear structure of the atom, discovered alpha and beta rays and proposed the laws of radioactive decay. 
  

He received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1908.

• JJ Thomson: Sir Joseph John Thomson discovered the electron which is the first subatomic particle to be discovered.
  

He received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1906.

• James Chadwick: Chadwick discovered the neutron, a neutral subatomic particle that has approximately the same mass as a proton.
  

In 1932, Chadwick proved the existence of neutrons, preparing the way for the fission of Uranium 235 and the creation of the atomic bomb.

The correct answer is 2020-21

Key Points

• The Finance Minister in the Union budget for 2020-21  announced the National Hydrogen Energy Mission (NHM) which aims the generation of hydrogen from green power resources.

  About the National Hydrogen Energy Mission:

• To link India’s growing renewable capacity with the hydrogen economy & focus on the generation of hydrogen from green power resources.
• India's ambitious goal of 175 GW by 2022 got a boost in the 2021-22 budget which allocated Rs. 1500 crore for renewable energy development and NHM.
• The usage of hydrogen will not only reduce import dependency on fossil fuels but also help India in achieving its emission goals under the Paris Agreement

Additional Information

       Why is Hydrogen?

• Hydrogen is the lightest and first element on the periodic table.
• Since the weight of hydrogen is less than air, it rises in the atmosphere and is therefore rarely found in its pure form, H2.
• Hydrogen fuel is a zero-emission fuel burned with oxygen.
• It can be used in fuel cells or internal combustion engines.
• It is also used as a fuel for spacecraft propulsion.
• Hydrogen can be stored physically as either a gas or a liquid.

        Asia-Pacific Scenario:

• In 2017, Japan formulated the Basic Hydrogen Strategy which defined the country’s action plan till 2030
• South Korea is operating hydrogen projects and Hydrogen Fuel Cell production units under the banner of its Hydrogen Economy Development and Safe Management of Hydrogen Act, 2020.

The correct answer is Bhupendra Patel

Key Points

• Shri Bhupendra Rajnikant Patel was sworn in as Gujarat's 17th Chief Minister on September 13, 2021.
• He won the seat by over 1.17 lakh votes in 2017, the highest margin in that poll.
• Patel got elected as an MLA from the Ghatlodia constituency (Ahmedabad) in the 2017 Gujarat Legislative Assembly elections.
• The 16th Chief Minister of Gujrat was Vijay Rupani.
• Jivraj Narayan Mehta was the first chief minister of Gujrat from 1960 to 1963.

Additional Information

       Gujrat:

• Gujarat was created on 1 May 1960.
• Capital: Gandhinagar
• Gujarati is the state's official language.
• Keshubhai Patel: Keshubhai Patel was the Chief Minister of Gujarat in 1995 and from 1998 to 2001. He was a six-time member of Gujarat Legislative Assembly.
• Anandiben Patel: Anandiben Patel has served as the first female Chief Minister of Gujarat. She is the first lady Education Minister of India.
• Article 164 Governor appoints Chief Minister and later Chief Minister recommends Governor on the appointment of ministers
• The term of Chief Minister is not fixed and he holds his office during the pleasure of the governor.

         Note:

• Governor cannot remove Chief Minister at any time.
• Governor cannot even dismiss Chief Minister till the time he enjoys the support of the majority of the house.
• When CM loses his majority support, he has to resign and Governor dismisses him then.

The correct answer is Gujarat 

Key Points

• Asiatic Lions are found in Gujarat.
• The Asiatic lion is a population of Panthera leo Leo that today survives in the wild only in India.
• There are only around 600 Asiatic lions left in the wild, living in the Indian state of Gujarat, Western India. The population largely live in the protected park area of the Gir Forest National Park and Sanctuary.

Additional Information

The correct answer is Bombay

Key Points

• Arya Samaj is a monotheistic Indian Hindu reform movement that promotes values and practices based on the belief in the infallible authority of the Vedas.
• The samaj was revived by the sannyasi (ascetic) Dayanand Saraswati on 7 April 1875.

Additional Information

• Dayanand Saraswati born as Mool Shankar Tiwari; was an Indian philosopher, social leader and founder of the Arya Samaj, a reform movement of the Vedic dharma.
• He was the first to give the call for Swaraj as "India for Indians" in 1876, a call later taken up by Lokmanya Tilak.
• Subsequently, the philosopher and President of India, S. Radhakrishnan called him one of the "makers of Modern India", as did Sri Aurobindo.

The correct answer is The Himalayas lying between Satluj and Kali rivers.

Key Points

• Kumaun Himalayas is the west-central section of the Himalayas in northern India, extending 200 miles.
• The range, comprising part of the Siwalik Range in the south and part of the Great Himalayas in the north, lies largely within the state of Uttarakhand, northwest of Nepal.
• Commonly known as the 'Lake District', Nainital is nestled high up in the Kumaon Himalayas.

Additional Information 

• The part of the Himalayas lying between Indus and Satluj has been traditionally known as Punjab Himalaya but it is also known regionally as Kashmir and Himachal Himalaya from west to east respectively.
• The Himalayas lying between Kali and Teesta rivers are known as Nepal Himalayas.
• The Himalayas lying between Teesta and Dihang rivers are known as Assam Himalayas.

The correct answer is Social  Statistics 

Key Points 

• Social statistics is the use of statistical measurement systems to study human behaviour in a social environment.
• In statistics, a population is the pool of individuals from which a statistical sample is drawn for a study. Thus, any selection of individuals grouped by a common feature can be said to be a population.
• Economic statistics is a topic in applied statistics and applied economics that concerns the collection, processing, compilation, dissemination, and analysis of economic data. It is closely related to business statistics and econometrics.

The correct answer is Lord Linlithgow

Key Points

• Lord Linlithgow served as Governor-General and Viceroy of India from 1936 to 1943.
• Linlithgow implemented the plans for local self-government embodied in the Government of India Act 1935.
• Burma was separated from the rest of the Indian Empire in 1937, just ten years before India became an independent country, in 1947.

Additional Information

• Lord Reading served as Viceroy of India from 1921 -1926. Reading's tenure in India coincided with the khilafat and non-cooperation movements, as well as other local uprisings.
• Lord Wavell became the Viceroy of India in 1943 and is famous for the Wavell Plan.
• Lord Willingdon:  Lord Willingdon served as 22nd Viceroy and Governor-General of India from 18 April 1931 to 18 April 1936. Important events of this period include the Second and Third Round Table Conferences, relaunching of the Civil Disobedience Movement, the Communal Award by Ramsay MacDonald (1932), the Poona Pact (1932), and the Government of India Act 1935.

The correct answer is Smriti Mandhana

Key Points

• Smriti Mandhana is an Indian cricketer who plays for the Indian women's national team.
• She became the first Indian female cricketer to score a century in both ODIs and Tests in Australia.
• In January 2022, she was named to India's team for the 2022 Women's Cricket World Cup in New Zealand.

Additional Information

• The International Cricket Council (ICC) Women's Cricketer of the Year (known as the Rachael Heyhoe Flint Award since 2017 in memory of pioneering women's cricket player and administrator Rachael Heyhoe Flint) is an award given annually as part of the ICC Awards ceremony.
• Mithali Raj is the highest run-scorer in women’s international cricket and is considered to be one of the greatest female cricketers ever. She announced her retirement in 2022.
• Harmanpreet Kaur Indian cricketer who serves as the captain of the India Women's National Cricket Team in all formats.

The correct answer is The French Constitution 

Key Points

• The ideals of Liberty, Equality and Fraternity were taken from the French Constitution.
• The term 'Liberty' means freedom for the people to choose their way of life, and have political views and behaviour in society.
• The Constitution of India has granted the right to equality to all citizens. All are equal before the law and there can be no discrimination on the basis of religion, race, caste, gender, place of birth, etc.
• Fraternity means a feeling of brotherhood and sisterhood and a sense of belonging with the country among its people.

Additional Information

• Federation with Strong Centre is borrowed from the Canadian Constitution.
• DPSP and the Method of the election of President are borrowed from Irish Constitution.
• Concurrent List and Joint seating of two houses are borrowed from the Australian Constitution.

The correct answer is KT Shah

Key Points

• Khushal Talaksi Shah was an Indian economist, advocate and socialist best known for his active role as a member of the Constituent Assembly of India and was responsible for framing the Indian Constitution.
• The Constitution of India prescribes no timeline for its implementation.
• Directive Principles of State Policy are the guidelines or principles given to the institutes for governing India.
• These are provided in Part IV (Article 36-51) of the Constitution of India. They are not enforceable by any court.

Additional Information

• Ivor Jennings was a British lawyer and academic. He served as a constitutional adviser to the Government of Pakistan.
• CD Deshmukh was an Indian civil servant and the first Indian to be appointed the Governor of the Reserve Bank of India in 1943 by the British Raj authorities.
• Granville Austin was an American Historian of the Indian Constitution.

The correct answer is President

Key Points

• Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) is India's premier central recruitment agency for the recruitment of all the Group 'A' officers under the Government of India.
• It is responsible for appointments to and examinations for all of the Group 'A' posts of all the union government establishments.
• UPSC members and Chairman are appointed by the President of India.

Additional Information

• The Union Public Service Commission was formed on 1st October 1926.
• Part 14 and Articles 315-323 are related to UPSC.
• UPSC is amongst the few institutions which function with both autonomy and freedom, along with the country’s higher judiciary and the Election Commission.

The correct answer is Ujjain

Key Points

• Ujjain was the important centre of power of the Gupta rulers.
• Ujjain is considered the holy city of Madhya Pradesh.
• Ujjain is considered an important city from historic times.
• Ujjain is famous for a large number of fairs and the temple of Mahakal.
• Khumb is organized here after every 12 years.

Additional Information

• Patliputra adjacent to modern-day Patna was a city in ancient India, originally built by Magadha ruler Ajatashatru in 490 BCE.
• Udayin laid the foundation of the city of Pataliputra at the confluence of two rivers, the Son and the Ganges.
• Banaras is a city on the Ganges river in northern India. It was also known as Kashi and now is renamed Varanasi.
• Kausambhi was the capital of the ancient Indian Vatsa Mahajanapada. It is in the state of Uttar Pradesh.

The correct answer is 2014

Key Points

• The National Highways and Infrastructure Development Corporation Limited (NHIDCL) is a fully owned company by the Government of India.
• It was established in 2014.
• It is responsible for the management of National Highways in India.

Additional Information

• NHIDCL is the nodal agency of the Ministry of Road Transport and Highways.
• NHAI often uses a public-private partnership model for highway maintenance and toll collection. NHIDCL uses Engineering Procurement and Construction (EPC) model to build, develop and maintain strategic roads within the International borders of the country.

The correct answer is Exemption from Jury Service

Key PointsThe privileges belonging to each House of state Legislature collectively are -

• The ability to publish reports, debates, and proceedings, as well as the ability to prevent others from doing so. It can publish truthful reports of Parliamentary proceedings without the House's authorization under the freedom of the press. However, in the case of a House meeting held in secret, this right of the press does not apply.
• Keep strangers out of the gathering and organise covert sessions to address vital issues.
• Make rules to govern its own procedure and commercial activity, as well as to adjudicate on such issues.
• Right to immediate notification of a member's arrest, custody, conviction, imprisonment, and release.
• Initiate inquiries and compel a person's attendance.
• The courts are not allowed to investigate a House's or its committees' proceedings.
• Without the consent of the Presiding officer, no one (whether a member or an outsider) can be arrested, and no legal process (civil or criminal) can be served within the House's boundaries.

The correct answer is Bindusara

Key Points

• Bindusara was the son of Chandragupta Maurya and the second Mauryan emperor of India.
• He was also known as Amitrochetes (in Greek) or Amitraghata (in Sanskrit), which means the slayer of all enemies.
• Deimachos of Platea was the ambassador of the Seleucid emperor Antiochus I who visited India during the reign of Bindusara.

Additional Information

• ‘Amitraghata’ which means ‘Slayer of enemies’ is a Sanskrit compound of two words, that is, ‘Amitra’ and ‘Ghata’.  ‘Amitra’ in Sanskrit glossary means ‘an enemy (or foe)’ and ‘Ghata’ means ‘Destruction (or killing)’.
• Chandragupta Maurya (c. 321 – c. 297 BC), known to the Greeks as Sandrakotos (or Sandrokotos), was the founder of the Maurya dynasty, which laid the foundation for the first state to unite most of India.
• Alexander III of Macedon, commonly known as Alexander the Great, was the king of the ancient Greek kingdom of Macedon.
• Seleucus I Nicator was one of Alexander the Great's diadochi (general), who became the founder of the Seleucid Empire, a superstate that stretched from modern Turkey to the borders of Pakistan.

The correct answer is North

Key Points

• Bhutan shares a  699 km long border with India.
• It adjoins the Indian states of Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, West Bengal and Sikkim.
• Bhutan is known as the Land of Thunder Dragon.
• Capital of Bhutan - Thimphu
• Currency - Bhutanese Ngultrum.

Additional Information

• India shares its North-West Border with Afghanistan and Pakistan.
• India shares its Northern border with China, Bhutan and Nepal.
• And Eastern border is shared with Myanmar and Bangladesh.
• India shares a maximum boundary with Bangladesh and a minimum with Afghanistan.

The correct answer is Granville Austin

Key Points

• Granville Austin was an American historian of the Indian Constitution.
• In 2011, he was awarded Padma Shri for his writing on the framing and working of the Constitution.
• He is the author of The Indian Constitution: Cornerstone of a Nation.

 Additional Information

• M. V Pyles - He was an Indian Scholar, Educationist and Management Guru considered as Father of Management Education in Kerala. Was awarded Padma Bhushan in 2006.
• Winston Churchill - He served as PM of U. K. He was awarded the Nobel Prize for literature in 1953.
• KC Wheare - An Australian Academic, was an expert on the Constitution of the British Commonwealth.

The correct answer is Arabic

Key Points

• Arabic Language - It first emerged in the 1st to 4th century CE.
• It is the Lingua Franca of the Arab World.
• Mosque was called Masjid in the Arabic language.

 Additional Information

• Urdu Language - It is an Indian Aryan language. Also the National language of Pakistan.
• In India, Urdu is an 8th Schedule language.
• Persian language - It is also known as Farsi and is used officially within Iran, Afghanistan and Tajikistan.
• Greek language - It is a branch of Indo- the European family of languages. It is a very important language in the Western World.

The correct answer is Price Taker

Key Points

• A price taker refers to a market participant that is not able to dictate the prices in a market.
• Therefore, a Price Taker must accept the prevailing market price.

Additional Information

• Prize Makers are able to influence the market price and enjoy pricing power.
• Price Makers are found in imperfectly competitive markets such as Monopoly or Oligopoly markets.
• Perfect Competition - It occurs when all companies sell identical products, market share does not influence price, companies are able to enter or exit without barrier, buyers have perfect or full information and companies cannot determine the price.

The correct answer is 31

Key Points

• Uttar Pradesh has 31 seats in Rajya Sabha.
• Uttar Pradesh has 80 seats in Lok Sabha.
• Uttar Pradesh has a maximum number of Lok Sabha seats among all states.

Additional Information

• Tamil Nadu has 18 seats in Rajya Sabha.
• Rajasthan and Odisha have 10 seats each in Rajya Sabha
• Bihar and West Bengal have 16 seats in Rajya Sabha.
• Rajya Sabha has a maximum strength of 250 members. Currently, the strength is 245.
• One - third members retire after every two years in Rajya Sabha.

The correct answer is the ability to speak a language

 Key Points

• A person aged 7 and above who can both read and write with understanding in any language is treated as Literate.
• A person less than 7 years who are able to read and write is not treated as literate.
• Literacy in India is a key for Social- Economic progress.

Additional Information

• The literacy rate in India as per the census 2011 is 74.04%.
• The literacy rate for Males is 82.14%.
• The literacy rate for Females is 65.46%.
• The highest literacy rate is in Kerala and the lowest literacy rate is in Bihar as per the census 2011.

The correct answer is Kajri

Key Points

• Kajri derived from the Awadhi word Kajra, or Kohl is a semi-classical singing genre originating from the Indian subcontinent, and popular in Uttar Pradesh.
• The main motifs in Kajri music include Radha and Krishna – the iconic imagery of divine lovers, as seen across different art forms in North India.
• It comes in a series of season songs, like Chaiti, Hori and Sawani.

Additional Information

• Dasaratha is a traditional Odia folk art. In the performance, the performers use a pair of wooden instruments to create music.
• Bhuta is a dance form of Tamil Nadu, Karnataka and Kerala.
• The Bihu dance is an indigenous folk dance from the Indian state of Assam related to the Bihu festival and an important part of Assamese culture.

The correct answer is Gurugram

Key Points

• The National Institute of Solar Energy was established in 2013 in Gurugram.
• The objective is to work in the field of Clean and Renewable energy.

 Additional Information

• Solar power is the conversion of renewable energy from sunlight into electricity, either directly using photovoltaics (PV), indirectly using concentrated solar power, or a combination.
• China is the leading country in Solar Power.
• In India, Rajasthan is the leading state in terms of installed Solar Power.

Given:

Radius of the hemisphere = 3.5 cm

Formula used:

Surface area of the hemisphere = 3πr²

Calculation:

let r be the radius 

Surface area of the hemisphere = 3πr²

= 3 × $\frac{22}{7}$ × 3.5 × 3.5

= $\frac{808.5}{7}$

= 115.5 cm²

Answer is 115.5 cm²

Additional InformationCurved Surface area of the hemisphere = 2πr2

Volume of the hemisphere = $\frac{2}{3}$ π r³ 

Given:

Height of the metal pipe = 84cm

inner diameter of a cross section =  6 cm

outer diameter = 6.6 cm

Formula used:

Metal pipe will be in the form of cylinder

Curved surface area of the cylinder = 2 π r h

Radius = Diameter / 2

r and h be the radius and height respectively

Calculation:

Inner curved surface area is found using inner diameter and height so in this question outer diameter is not considered.

Inner Radius = Inner Diameter / 2

inner radius = 3cm

Inner Curved surface area of the cylinder = 2 π r h

= 2 × $\frac{22}{7}$ × 3 × 84

= $\frac{11088}{7}$

= 1584 cm²

Answer is 1584 cm2

Additional Information Volume of the hollow cylinder = π (R² - r²) h

Total surface area of the hollow cylinder = 2 π (R +r)(R - r + h)

R, r,  h be the outer radius, inner radius and  height respectively

Given:

Three smaller cubes of 3, 4 and 5 cm sides

Formula used: 

Volume of a cube = side³

Total surface area  of a cube = 6 × side²

Calculation:

Volume of the larger cube = sum of the volume of all the three cubes.

Let A be the side of the larger cube.

A³ = 3³ + 4³ + 5³ 

A³ = 27 + 64 + 125

A³ = 216

A = 6 cm

Ratio of the total surface areas of the smaller cubes and the larger cube

6 × ( 3² + 4² + 5² )  :  6 × 6²

6 × 50  :  6 × 36

25 : 18

Answer is 25:18

Additional Information Curved surface area of the cube = 4 × side2

Given:

Population of the City A at the end of 2017 = 6000

increases by 20% every annum

Formula used:

Final Population = Initial Population × $\frac{100±(increased\%\ or \ decreased\%)}{100}$ (positive for increase and negative for decrease)

Calculation:

Final Population = Initial Population × $\frac {100±(increased\%\ or \ decreased\%)}{100}$ 

Final Population = 6000 × $\frac {100 + 20}{100}$  × $\frac{100+20}{100}$

Final Population = 6000 × $\frac{120}{100}$  × $\frac{120}{100}$

Final Population = 8640

Population at the end of 2019 is 8640

Answer is 8640.

Given:

a + b = 7

Formula used:

(a + b)³ = a³ + b³ + 3ab(a + b)

(a - b)3 = a³ - b³- 3ab(a - b)

Calculation:

(a + b)3 = a3 + b3 + 3ab(a + b)

7³ =  a3 + b3 + 3ab(7)

343 = a3 + b3 + 21ab

Answer is 343.

Additional Information Given:

a + b = 7

Formula used:

(a + b)3 = a3 + b3 + 3ab(a + b)

(a - b)3 = a3 - b3- 3ab(a - b)

Calculation:

Let a = 7 - b

a3 + b3 + 21ab = (7-b)³ + b³ + 21(7-b)b

= 343 - b³ - 147b + 21b² + b³ + 147b + - 21b²

= 343

Answer is 343.

Given:

0.0001

Concept used:

• Significant figures are the number of meaningful digits.
• Significant figures are any non-zero digits or trapped zeros. They do not include leading or trailing zeros.
• Significant Figures are the digits that carry meaning in a number

Calculation:

0.0001 

in the above number only 1 carries meaning so  the significant digit of 0.0001 is 1

Answer is 1

Additional Information Leading zeros are not significant

example: .0033 - significant digit is 2

Trialing zeros are not significant

example: 3300 - significant digit is 2

Trapped zeros are significant 

example: 10305 - significant digit is 5

Given:

A wall is 24 m long, 8 m high and 60 cm thick

brick is  24 cm × 12 cm × 8 cm

10% of the wall is made of slurry

Formula:

Volume of Cuboid = Length × height × breadth

Concept used:

Volume of the Wall = Number of bricks × Volume of the brick

Calculation:

Volume of the Wall = Number of bricks × Volume of the brick

if 10% of the wall is made of slurry then only 90% of the wall is made of bricks

let N be the number of bricks

24 m × 8 m × 60 cm × 90% = N ×  24 cm × 12 cm × 8 cm

1m = 100cm

2400cm × 800cm × 60 cm × $\frac{90}{100}$ = N ×  24 cm × 12 cm × 8 cm ( 1m = 100cm)

N = 45000

The number of bricks is 45000

Answer is 45000

Additional Information Lateral surface area of cuboid = 2( length + breadth) × height

Total surface area of cuboid = 2 (length × height + length × breadth + breadth × height)

Given:

Radius of the cone = 8cm

Slant height of the cone = 17cm

Formula:

Volume of the cone = $\frac{1}{3}$ π r² h

Slant height² = Radius² + Height²

Calculation:

Let h be the height

Slant height² = Radius² + Height²

⇒ 17² = 8² + h²

⇒ 289 - 64 = 225

⇒ h = 15cm

Volume of the cone = $\frac{1}{3}$ π r² h

                                = $\frac{1}{3}$ × 3.14 × 8 × 8 × 15 ( π = 3.14 )

= 1004.8 cm³ (approx.)

1000cm³ = 1 litre

1.0048(approx.) 

Note:

In Options, the decimals are wrong So, According to the question, answer is 1.0048

Additional Information 

Curved surface area of the cone =  π × radius × slant height

Total surface area of the cone =  π × radius (radius + slant height)

Given:

Four years ago, the average age of Q, R, S and T was 40 years

The average age of R and T, 6 years ago, was 31 years

Formula:

Average = $\frac{Sum\ of\ all\ the\ numbers}{Number\ of\ terms}$

Calculation:

Four years ago,

The average age of Q, R, S and T was 40 years

So Sum of their ages 4 years ago was 160 years

At present, Q, R, S and T  are  4 years older

Then sum of the ages of Q, R, S and T = 160 + 16

= 176 years

Six years ago,

The average age of R and T was 31 years

So, Sum of their average age six years ago was 62 years

At present , R and T are 6 years older

Then sum of the ages of R and T = 62 + 12

= 74

Sum of the ages of Q and S =  Sum of the ages of Q, R, S and T - Sum of the ages of R and T

Sum of the ages of Q and S = 176 - 74

= 102

The Average age of Q and S at present = 102 / 2

= 51 years

Answer is 51.

Given:

Monthly income = ₹5,000

Formula used:

Income = Expenditure + savings

Calculation:

let S be the savings

24% of income + ₹1,500 + ₹700 = Expenditure

= 24 × 50 + 1500 + 700

= 1200 + 2200 

Expenditure = 3400

Savings = Income - Expenditure

S = 5000 - 3400

S = 1600

Savings % = $\frac{1600}{5000}$ × 100

= 32%

Answer is 32%

Given : 5 × 0.5 × 0.05 × 0.005 × 500.

Calculation:

5 × 0.5 × 0.05 × 0.005 × 500

Lets write the problem in the form of fraction

= 5  ×  5 / 10  ×  5 / 100  ×  5 / 1000  ×  500

= 312500 /  1000000

= .3125

Answer is .3125

Given:

Odd prime numbers between 2 and 25.

Concepts used:

Average = (Sum of all observations)/(Number of observations)

Calculation:

Odd prime numbers between 2 and 25 are 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23

There are 8 odd prime numbers between 2 and 25

Sum of all the 8 odd prime numbers = $\frac{3 + 5 + 7+ 11 + 13 + 17 + 19 + 23}{8}$

= 98 / 8 = 12.25

Answer is 12.25

Additional Information Prime numbers are natural numbers that are divisible by only 1 and the number itself. In other words, prime numbers are positive integers greater than 1 with exactly two factors, 1 and the number itself. Some of the prime numbers include 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13

Given:

Cost Price = 24000

Gain% = 25%

Discount = 20%

Formula used:

Market Price (100 – Discount)% = Cost Price (100+ Gain)%

Calculation:

Market Price (100 – Discount)% = Cost Price (100+ Gain)%

Market Price (100 – 20) = 24000 (100 + 25)%

Market Price = 24000 × 125  /  80

Market Price = 300 × 125

= 37500

Answer is Rs. 37,500

Additional Information Selling Price = Market Price × $\frac{100\ -\ Discount\%}{100}$

Gain% = $\frac{Selling \ Price\ - \ Cost\ Price}{Cost \ Price}$ × 100

Shortcut TrickProfit =  25% of 24000 = 6000

So, SP = (Rs. 6000 + 24000) = 30,000 

MP - Discount = 30000

x - 0.2x = 30000 or 80% of MP = 30000

10% of MP = 3750

So, 100% of MP = Rs. 37500.

Shortcut Trick

Rate = 20% = 1/5. The ratio of Principal to Instalment for 3 years (equating instalments to 6³ = 216):

Yr 1 → 5 : 6 ⇒ 180 : 216  |  Yr 2 → 25 : 36 ⇒ 150 : 216  |  Yr 3 → 125 : 216 ⇒ 125 : 216

Total Principal = 180 + 150 + 125 = 455 units.

455 units = ₹1,82,000 ⇒ 1 unit = ₹400.

Each Instalment = 216 units = 216 × 400 = 86400.

∴ The correct answer is ₹86400.

Alternate Method

Given:

Total Loan Amount (Principal) = ₹1,82,000

Rate of Interest (R) = 20% per annum

Number of Instalments (n) = 3

Formula Used:

P = x ÷ (1 + R/100) + x ÷ (1 + R/100)² + x ÷ (1 + R/100)³

Where P is the total Principal borrowed and x is the value of each equal annual instalment.

PV = x × 5/6

PV = x × 25/36

PV = x × 125/216

Year 0 ₹182000

Year 1 ₹ x

Year 2 ₹ x

Year 3 ₹ x

Sum of Present Values = Total Principal

Calculations:

⇒ 182000 = x ÷ (1 + 20/100) + x ÷ (1 + 20/100)² + x ÷ (1 + 20/100)³

⇒ 182000 = x ÷ (6/5) + x ÷ (6/5)² + x ÷ (6/5)³

⇒ 182000 = x × (5/6) + x × (25/36) + x × (125/216)

⇒ 182000 = x × [(180 + 150 + 125) ÷ 216]

⇒ 182000 = x × (455 ÷ 216)

⇒ x = (182000 × 216) ÷ 455

⇒ x = 400 × 216

⇒ x = 86400

∴ The correct answer is ₹86400.

Additional Information

Present Value of Instalments

When a loan is paid back in equal annual instalments, the original loan amount (Principal) is always equal to the sum of the present values of all the future instalments discounted at the given compound interest rate.

Compound Interest Formula

The formula to find the total amount with compound interest is A = P(1 + R/100)ⁿ, where P is the Principal, R is the rate of interest, and n is the time period.

Effective Compound Interest Rate

For 2 years at a constant rate of R%, the effective compound interest rate can be quickly calculated using the successive percentage formula: [R + R + (R×R)/100]%.

Given:

Discount 1 = 42%

Discount 2 = 12%

Formula used:

Marked Price × $\frac{100\ -\ discount}{100}$ = Selling Price

Calculation:

Selling Price = Marked Price × $\frac{100\ -\ discount}{100}$ 

Let M be the Marked Price and S be the Selling price

S1 = M × $\frac{100\ -42}{100}$

S1 = M × 58 / 100

S2 = M × $\frac{100\ -12}{100}$

S2 = M × 88 / 100

According to the question

S2 - S1 = (88M - 58M) / 100

762 = 30M / 100

M = 2540

Answer is 2540

Alternate Method Calculation:

Discount% difference = 42% - 12%

= 30%

30% Marked Price = 762

Let M be the Marked price

762 = 30M / 100

M= 2540

Answer is 2540

Shortcut Trick

The number 14175 is odd, so it is not divisible by 2, meaning options with base 2 can be instantly eliminated.

The last two digits are 75, which means the number is divisible by 25 (5²) but not by 125 (5³).

Therefore, the prime factorization must contain exactly the power 5².

By checking the given options, only Option 4 contains exactly 5².

∴ The correct answer is 3⁴ × 5² × 7.

Alternate Method

Given:

Number = 14175

Method Used:

Continuous division by prime numbers starting from the smallest possible prime factor.

Calculations:

⇒ The number ends in 5, so let us divide it by 5.

⇒ 14175 ÷ 5 = 2835

⇒ 2835 ÷ 5 = 567

⇒ Now, the sum of the digits of 567 is 5 + 6 + 7 = 18, which is divisible by 3.

⇒ 567 ÷ 3 = 189

⇒ 189 ÷ 3 = 63

⇒ 63 ÷ 3 = 21

⇒ 21 ÷ 3 = 7

⇒ 7 ÷ 7 = 1

⇒ Combining all the prime factors: 14175 = 5 × 5 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 7

⇒ Rearranging the factors in ascending order: 14175 = 3⁴ × 5² × 7

∴ The correct answer is 3⁴ × 5² × 7.

Additional Information

Prime Factorization

It is the process of expressing a given number as the product of its prime factors (numbers that are divisible only by 1 and themselves).

Divisibility Rule for 3 and 9

A number is divisible by 3 or 9 if the sum of all its digits is a multiple of 3 or 9 respectively.

Divisibility Rule for 25 and 125

A number is divisible by 25 if its last two digits are 00, 25, 50, or 75. It is divisible by 125 if its last three digits form a multiple of 125.

Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic

Every integer greater than 1 is either a prime number itself or can be represented as the product of prime numbers in a unique way, ignoring the order of factors.

Formula used:

Number of terms  (n)  = $\frac{Last\ Term\ - \ First\ Term}{Difference\ between\ two\ terms}$ + 1

Average of the squares of the n natural numbers = $\frac{(n+1)×(2n+1)}{6}$ (let n be the number of terms)

Calculation:

Number of terms between 1 and 11 is 11

n =$\frac{11 - 1}{1} +1$  = 10 = 1 = 11

Average of the squares of the natural numbers = $\frac{(n+1)×(2n+1)}{6}$ 

= $\frac{(11+1)×(22+1)}{6}$

= 12 × 23  /  6

= 23 × 2 

= 46

Answer is 46

Additional Information Average of the cubes of n natural number = $\frac{(n+1)^2×n}{4}$

Given:

$\sqrt[3]{13824} = 24$

$\sqrt[3]{13.824} + \sqrt[3]{0.013824} + \sqrt[3]{0.000013824}$ = ?

Formula used:

$\sqrt[3]{\frac{a}{10^{3n}}} = \frac{\sqrt[3]{a}}{10^n}$

Calculations:

⇒ $\sqrt[3]{13.824} = \sqrt[3]{\frac{13824}{1000}} = \frac{24}{10}$ = 2.4

⇒ $\sqrt[3]{0.013824} = \sqrt[3]{\frac{13824}{10^6}} = \frac{24}{100}$ = 0.24

⇒ $\sqrt[3]{0.000013824} = \sqrt[3]{\frac{13824}{10^9}} = \frac{24}{1000}$ = 0.024

⇒ 2.4 + 0.24 + 0.024 = 2.664

∴ The correct answer is option (2).

Given : $1.\overline {36}$ 

Calculation:

Lets write the recurring decimal in fraction form

X = $1.\overline {36}$ 

Multiply X by 100 

100X = 136.36.....

Subtract X from 100X

100X - X = 136.36...  -  1.36....

99X = 135

X = 135 / 99

X = 15 / 11

p / q = 15 / 11

Answer is $\frac{15}{11}$

Additional InformationCalculation:

 X = $1.\overline {36}$ 

= $\frac{136-1}{99}$

= 135 / 99

p / q = 15 / 11

Answer is $\frac{15}{11}$

Given:

(3.4)3 - (2.4)³

Calculation:

lets write the decimals into fraction form

(3.4)3 - (2.4)³  = $(\frac{34}{10})^3$ + $(\frac{24}{10})^3$

= $(\frac{17}{5})^3$ - $(\frac{12}{5})^3$

= $\frac{17×17×17}{5×5×5}$ - $\frac{12×12×12}{5×5×5}$

= $\frac{4913-1728}{125}$

= 3185 / 125

= 25.48

Answer is 25.48

Given:

time = 8 years

simple interest = 1/5 of the Principal

Formula used:

Simple interest = $\frac{Principal×Time\ Period×Rate\ of\ interest}{100}$

Calculation:

Simple Interest = 1/5 of the Principal

Ratio of Simple interest and Principal is 1:5

Let Simple interest be 1 and Principal be 5

Simple interest = $\frac{Principal×Time\ Period×Rate\ of\ interest}{100}$

1 = $\frac{5×8×Rate\ of\ interest}{100}$

Rate% = 20 / 8

= 2.5%

Answer is 2.5%.

Additional InformationAmount = $\frac{Principal×Time\ Period×Rate\ of\ interest}{100}$ + Principal

Given:

Time =  5 o’clock

Formula used:

If minutes are more than 00 

Angle between hour hand and minute hand = | $\frac{11}{2}$ × minutes - 30 × hours | 

if the minutes are 00 

Angle between hour hand and minute hand = 30 × hours

Calculation:

Time =  5 o’clock

the minutes are 00

Angle between hour hand and minute hand = 30 × hours

= 30 × 5

= 150°

Angle = 150°

Answer is 150°

Additional InformationFor Hour Hand

12 hours = 360°

1 hour = 30°

2 minute = 1°

1 minute = 0.5°

For Minute Hand

60 minutes = 360°

1 minute = 6°

Given:

Cost price = 2000

Formula used:

Profit% = $\frac{Selling \ Price - Cost\ Price}{Cost\ Price}$ %

Calculation:

let the Cost price per ml be Rs.1

Cost Price of 2000ml is Rs.2000

Milkman sells milk at cost price 

then Selling price should also be Rs.2000

But he cheats 200 ml and sells 1800ml at Rs.2000

Profit  = Rs.200

Profit% = $\frac{ 2000-1800}{1800}$ %

= $\frac{ 200}{1800}$ %

= 100 / 9

= 11.11%

Answer is 11.11%.

Additional Information1 kilolitre = 1000l

1 litre = 1000ml

Loss% = $\frac{Cost\ Price - Selling \ Price }{Cost\ Price}$ %