DSSSB Head Clerk Official Paper (Held on:21 Feb 2022 Shift 3) (Previous Year Paper)

According to the given information:

• Only three chocolate boxes are kept between O and P boxes.
• There are 2 possibilities for this.

• Only the R brand box is kept between M and N brand boxes.
• Brand P box is just above the brand M
• Brand Q box is kept at the bottom-most position.
• Here case 1 gets eliminated.

As we can see O is kept at the 2nd position from the bottom.

Hence, the correct answer is "O".

According to the given information:

• Deveshi got 23rd rank from the top and Tanvi got 18th Rank from the bottom.
• Only four students have ranked in between the ranks of Deveshi and Tanvi.
• Deveshi got a higher rank than Tanvi.
• 

The number of students in a row = deveshi position from top + 4 students + tanvi position from bottom.

= 23 + 4 + 18

= 45

Hence, the correct answer is "45".

According to the given information:

• Six friends Anamika, Vidya, Kanchan, Divya, Eshani, and Farheen each have different heights.
• Only two friends are taller than Divya.
• Only four friends are shorter than Vidya.
• Kanchan is taller than Vidya.
• Anamika is the shortest among all.

We can deduce the following diagram.

In the above figure, the position of Eshani and Farheen is not clear. So, they will sit 4th or 5th position, but not definite.

From the given, we can say that Kanchan is the tallest among all.

Hence, the correct answer is "Kanchan".

According to the given information: 

• Six persons G, H, I, J, K, and L are sitting on a straight bench facing east.
• Only one friend is sitting between G and H.
• There are 2 cases possible.

​

• L is sitting second to the right of H and immediate left of K.
• Here 2nd case is eliminated cause L can not sit at 2nd right of H.

So, continue with case (1);

• I is not the immediate neighbor of G.​

​So, I will sit between H and L and the remaining person 'J' will sit below G.

Now, the final arrangement will be;

As we see J is sitting in 2nd position from left.

Hence, the correct answer is "J".

 

The logic followed here is:

FTPK: LRWJ

Similarly, 

SKMP is related to,

Hence, the correct answer is "QONW".

According to the given information:

• Vimla is facing North and moves 2 km.
• Then she turned 270 degrees clockwise and moved 3 km straight.
• Then she turned left and moved 2 km straight.
• Then she again turned to her left and moved 5 km straight.

We can deduce the following diagram,

Hence, the correct answer is "East".

According to the given information,

Given Equation:  P ÷ Q + T - V × L ÷ K

P is the brother of Q, Q is the son of T, T is the wife of V, V is the father of L, and L is the brother of K.

We can deduce the following diagram,

• L is the brother of P.

Hence, the correct answer is "Brother".

According to the given information:

• Only two teachers have classes before Mukesh.
• Only three teachers have classes between Fatima and Eshani. ​

 

• The class of only Eshani is after the class of Kamal.
• The class of Nilesh does not lie between the classes of Kamal and Mukesh.
• Here case 2 gets eliminated.

 

Hence, the correct answer is "Thursday".

According to the given information:

Number of students in class = Rank of Pallavi from top + rank of Pallavi from bottom - 1

= 16 + 29 - 1

= 44

Hence, the correct answer is "44".

According to given information:

Given Equation: P > Q, R ≤ S, Q = S > T

P is greater than or equal to Q; R is less than equal to S; Q is equal to S and S is greater than T.

Conclusions:

I. T < P - True (In this conclusion, there are three symbols >, ≥​ and = in between P and T. So, this will be sufficient for this conclusion to be true).

II. Q ≥ R - True (In this conclusion, R ≤ S, Q = S > T given so Q ≥ R. So, this will be sufficient for this conclusion to be true).

Hence, the correct answer is "Both I and II are true ".

The least possible diagram is as follows,

Conclusions:

(I) Some painters are writers.→ False (There is no direct relation between Painters and Writers, so it may be possible but not definite, hence, false)

(II) All writers are painters.→ False (There is no direct relation between Writers and painters5, so it may be possible but not definite, hence, false)

Hence, the correct answer is "Neither conclusion I nor II follows".

The logic followed here is:

• The codes are the number of alphabets in the letters.
• APPLE(5) IS(2) RED(3) - 5 2 3
• GRAPES(6) ARE(3) GREEN(5) - 6 3 5
• 
• 

​Similarly, GREEN FRESH VEGETABLE will be coded as,

• GREEN(5) FRESH(5) VEGETABLE(9) - 5 5 9
• 

​Hence, the correct answer is "559".

According to the given information,

Given Equation: N × P × G ÷ L - Q - J

N is the mother of P, P is the mother of G, G is the brother of L, L is the son of Q, and Q is the son of J.

We can deduce the following diagram,

• P is the daughter-in-law of J.

Hence, the correct answer is "Daughter-in-law".

According to the given Information:

• The first letter of second word from the left is M.
• The first letter of fourth word from the left is P.

​

So according to alphabetical order, there are 2 letters between M and P.

​Hence, the correct answer is "2".

According to the given information:

The following diagram can be deduced,

As per the diagram Chanu's shadow will be on her left therefore she is facing north.

Hence, the correct answer is "North".

According to the given information:

We can see that the shaded part denotes the number of female singers who are not rural = 5. 

That is given as "5".

​Hence, the correct answer is "5".

According to the given information:

• Kapil is the father of Nisha who is the only sister of Mahesh.
• Anand is the father of Mahesh's mother.

The following Diagram can be deduced,

As we can see Anand is Kapil's wife's father.

​Hence, the correct answer is "Father-in-law".

According to the given information:

1. Aman started from his office and travelled 2 km towards west,
2. then turned right and travelled 2 km and then turned left and travelled 3 km.
3. From there he took a bus which travelled straight towards North and travelled 10 km by this bus and reached his home.

The following diagram can be deduced,

The shortest distance between his home and office:

• The least distance will be the hypotenuse of triangles.
• Shortest distance (?²) = 122 + 52 =144 + 25 = 169
• So the total distance becomes = 13 km.

​Hence, the correct answer is "13 km".

The logic followed here is:

FGD : LNH

The related number is double the previous number.

Similarly,

MHJ is related to

Hence, the correct answer is "ZPT".

According to the given information:

• The 23rd element from right is → %
• 6th element to the right of % is → 7

​Hence, the correct answer is "7".

According to the given figure, when we open the folded paper

 → This would be the final figure.

Hence, the correct answer is "option (4)".

According to the given information,

Approximate value of $√ {35.998}$ = √ 36 = 6 (square root of 36 is 6)

Similarly, we can write approximate value of other numbers;

1.99 can be considered as 2.

6.98 cab be considered as 7.

$\frac{1}{{0.5}}$ will be considered as 2.

and 2.99 can be considered as 3.

Now, the given equation would be like;

6 ÷ 2 × 2 + 7 × 3

= 3 × 2 + 7 × 3

= 6 + 21 = 27

So, the approximate value should come as 27.

Hence, the correct answer is "27".

The logic followed here is:

      

​Similarly,​

Hence, the correct answer is **"RL13".**​

Alternate MethodAnother logic followed here is,

• First alphabet (L) is changing to it's 4th next alphabet (P).​
• Second alphabet (B) is changing to it's 6th next alphabet (H).
• And number (9) comes by adding 1 to the position value of second alphabet (H = 8).

Similarly, 

• N will change to it's 4th next alphabet (R).
• F will change to it's 6th next alphabet(L).
• And the number (13) comes by adding 1 to the position value of second alphabet (L = 12).

So, in the same way, 'RL13' is related to the 'NF6'.

The logic followed here is,

The second number is the square of the first number.

(18)² = 324

Similarly, sixth number is the square of fifth number.

(28)² = 784

So, this logic will be followed in third and fourth number respectively.

(23)² = 529

So, the fourth number will be 529.

Hence, the correct answer is "529".

The given approximate value can be written as;

24.989 = 25

15.001 = 15

1.998 = 2

3.987 = 4

1.999 = 2

Now, the revised equation will be like;

(25 + 15) ÷ (2 × 4) - 2 = 40 ÷ 8 - 2  = 5 - 2 = 3

Hence, the correct answer is "3".

The logic followed is here,

The second figure is the water image of the first figure.

Similarly,

Fourth figure will be the water image of the third figure.

So, the water image of the third figure will be;

       

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (2)".

The logic followed here is,

second number is the sum of square of digits of first number.

54 = (5)² + (4)² = 25 + 16 = 41

In the same way, sixth number is the sum of square of digits of fifth number.

65 = (6)² + (5)² = 36 + 25 = 61

Similarly,

The fourth number will the sum of square of digits of third number.

74 = (7)² + (4)² = 49 + 16 = 65

So, the final series will be like;

54 : 41 : : 74 : 65 : : 65 : 61

Hence, the correct answer is "65".

According to the given figures,

Option (I) 

 → Left side triangle of figure connected to the pentagon is dark.

Option (II) 

 → Left side triangle of figure connected to the pentagon is dark.

Option (III) 

 → Left side triangle of figure connected to the pentagon is dark.

Option (IV) 

→ Left side triangle of figure connected to the pentagon is blank.

The left side triangle of the figure connected to the pentagon, is dark in all the three options except the fourth one.

Hence, the correct answer is "option (IV)".

According to the given information, apply these BODMAS sign in the place of symbols, respectively.

 

So, the given mathematical series will be like,

= 168 ÷ 12 + 14 × 6 - 13 

= 14 + 14 × 6 - 13 

= 14 + 84 - 13 

= 98 - 13

= 85

Hence, the correct answer is "85".

The logic followed here is,

• The middle image in the square is rotating by 90º in anti - clockwise direction.
• In the first figure, the triangle in the upper left corner of the square is replacing it's place to the right in clockwise direction and also, triangle is rotating by 90º in clockwise direction.

So, by this logic fourth image will be;

       

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (2)".

The image embedded in the given is as shown below,

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (4)".

The logic is here,

Second word is the baby name of first word.

Option (1) Baby's name of Cow is known as Calf.

Option (2) Baby's name of Dear is known as Fawn.

Option (3) Baby's name if Kangaroo is known as Joey.

Option (4) Baby's name of Donkey is known as "Foal" not "Pony".

Hence, the correct answer is "donkey - pony".

The logic followed here is,

Alphabet in second letter cluster is changing by adding 2 to the position value of first alphabet, 3 to the second alphabet and 4 to the third alphabet of first letter cluster.

And this logic will also follow in the fourth letter cluster.

Option (1) (PLM, ROQ, TRU)

 → This option follows the required logic.

Option (2) (QGP, SJT, VMX)

 → There should be U in place of V. So, this option does not follow the required logic. 

Option (3) (GPL, ISP, KVT)

 → This option follows the required logic.

Option (4) (NQJ, PTN, RWR)

 → This option also follows the required logic.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (2)".

According to the logic,

First image is rotating by 90º in anti - clockwise direction.

     

Similarly, 

Fourth image is related to the third image in the same way as second image is related to the first image.

 → 

So, 

 → This image is following the logic explained above.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (3)".

The given series;

72, 90, 110, 132, 158

The logic followed here is,

So, 158 is the wrong term, 156 will be the correct term.

Hence, the correct answer is "158".

According to the given series;

The half shaded star in the middle of square is rotating by 90º in clockwise direction in each figure.

The small circle in the upper left corner and the figure in lower right corner of the first image is rotating in clockwise direction in each image.

So, the figure in third image will change like;

• Star will rotate by 90º in clockwise direction, that means star faces in the west.
• The dark shaded small circle in lower right corner should shift to the lower left corner.
• And the figure in upper left corner should shift in the upper right corner.

 

 → This image will be the fourth image, according to that logic.

Hence, the correct answer is "option (3)".

The logic followed here is,

Alphabets of second letter number cluster is changing to the next 3rd alphabet according to the English alphabet.

P(16) + 3 = S (19)

V (22) + 3 = Y (25)

And number in the first letter number cluster is multiply by 2, (7 × 2 = 14).

PV7 : SY14

Similarly, Fourth letter number cluster is related the third letter number cluster.

G (7) + 3 = J (10)

T (20) +3 = W (23)

And the number in the third letter number cluster will be multiply by 2.

9 × 2 = 18

So, the Fourth letter cluster will be as JW18.

Hence, the correct answer is "JW18".

The logic followed here is,

Hence, the correct answer is "599".

Given equation :- 

112 + 12 - 15 ÷ 5 × 14 = 90

According to option (1) Interchange 12 and 14, then the LHS of given equation will be like;

= 112 + 14 - 15 ÷ 5 × 12 

= 112 + 14 - 3 × 12

= 112 + 14 - 36 

= 126 - 36

= 90 = 90

So, in this option LHS is equal to RHS.

Now, there is no need to check other options but to clear the confusion let's check other options too.

Option (2) Interchange 14 and 15

= 112 +12 - 14 ÷ 5 × 15

= 112 + 12 - 14 × 3

= 112 + 12 - 42

= 124 - 42

= 82 ≠ 90 

So, this option can not be the answer.

Option (3) Interchange 112 and 15

= 15 +12 - 112 ÷ 5 × 14

= 15 + 12 - 22.4 × 14

= 15 + 12 - 313.6

= 27 - 313.6

= - 286.6 ≠ 90

So, this option also not be the true case.

Option (4) Interchange 5 and 12

= 112 + 5 - 15 ÷ 12 × 14

= 112 + 5 - 27.5

= 117 - 27.5

= 89.5 ≠ 90

So, this option will not be the answer.

Hence, the correct answer is "12 and 14".

The logic followed here is,

The 3/4^th shaded circle is to the 90º of small shaded star in clockwise direction and 1/4^th shaded circle is to the 90º of broad shaded star in clockwise direction.

Option (1) 

 → This follows the required logic.

Option (2) 

 → This follows the required logic.

Option (3) 

→ This follows the required logic.

Option (4) 

 → This does not follow the required logic because 3/4^th shaded circle is to the 90º of small star in anti - clockwise direction.

Hence, the correct answer is "option (4)".

The correct answer is 'Delhi'.

Key PointsHindustan Socialist Republican Association (HSRA)

• Hindustan Socialist Republican Association (HSRA) was a major revolutionary party of North India before the independence of India.
• Which was formed in Kanpur in 1924 by some revolutionaries of Uttar Pradesh and Bengal with the aim of freeing India from British rule.
• Lala Hardayal also had an important role in its establishment.
• Till 1928 it was known as the Hindustan Republican Association.
• After the Kakori incident, when four revolutionaries were hanged and sixteen prominent revolutionaries of HRA were sentenced to four years to life imprisonment, this organization disintegrated.
• Later it was revived by Chandrashekhar Azad along with Bhagat Singh and given a new name Hindustan Socialist Republican Association.
• On the night of 9 September 1928, after holding a secret meeting at Feroz Shah Kotla ground in Delhi, all the members of Bharat Naujawan Sabha of Bhagat Singh merged the assembly into Hindustan Republican Association and after much deliberation, by consensus gave a new name to the association. Hindustan Socialist Republican Association.
• The organization which is still active today, the National President of the Hindustan Socialist Republican Association is Shri Deepak Singh Bhadauria.
• Now the organization is encouraging the common people toward self-reliance and education.

Thus, the correct answer is Delhi.

Confusion Points

• Hindustan Republican Association - Kanpur
• Hindustan Socialist Republican Association - Delhi

The correct answer is 'Bundi, Rajasthan'.

Key PointsRaniji ki Baori:

• Raniji ki Baori (or Queen's stepwell) is a noted stepwell situated in Bundi town in Rajasthan state in India.
• It was built in 1699 by Rani Nathavati Ji Solanki who was the younger queen of the ruling Rao Raja Anirudh Singh of Bundi.
• It is a 46-meter-deep stepped well with some superb carvings on its pillars and a high arched gate.
• It is a multistorey structure with places of worship on each floor.
• The step well has a narrow entrance marked by four pillars.
• Stone elephant statues that face each other stand in the corners.
• It is reputedly the largest Baori of Bundi.
• Baoris were significant social constructions in the medieval Bundi since they acted as assembly areas for the townsfolk.

Additional InformationLet's have a look at other options:

The correct answer is 'Tirupati'.

Key Points

• The Indian Science Congress (ISC) is the apex body of Indian scientists.
• It was established in the year 1914.
• Its conference is held every year in the first week of January.
• The purpose of its establishment was to promote science in India.
• The 104th Session of the Indian Science Congress was held at Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh.
• It was inaugurated by the Prime Minister, Shri Narendra Modi, on 3rd January 2017.
• The general president was D. Narayana Rao.
• The focal theme of the 5-day annual ISC was Science and Technology for National Development.

Additional InformationLet's have a look at other options:

The correct answer is 18 to 40 years.

Key Points

• Atal Pension Yojana (APY)
• It was launched in 2015 and is a pension scheme for citizens of India who belong to the unorganized sector.
• The scheme is the guaranteed pension scheme of the Government of India administered by PFRDA.
• The scheme allows any citizen of India between the age group of 18-40 years to join through the bank or post office branches where one has a savings bank account.
• Under the scheme, a subscriber would receive a minimum guaranteed pension of Rs 1000 to Rs 5000 per month from the age of 60 years, depending upon his contribution.

The correct answer is '26th May'.

Key Points Buddha Purnima 2021

• This was the 2583^rd birth anniversary of Lord Buddha.
• The anniversary was celebrated on 26 May.
• Lord Buddha was born as a prince named Siddhartha Gautama in 563 BC in Lumbini on the full moon day.
• Therefore, the day of his birth anniversary is celebrated as Buddha Purnima.
• Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Cambodia, Java, Indonesia, Tibet and Mongolia; all these countries celebrate the special day of Buddha Jayanti as a big festival.

Thus, the correct answer is 26th May.

Important Points

Let's have a look at other options:

The correct answer is '10'.

Key Points Republic Day, 2018

• In 2018, heads of ASEAN attended the Republic Day parade in India.
• A total of 10 countries are included in ASEAN, whereas initially, a total of 5 countries together formed this organization which includes Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, Singapore and the Philippines.
• This was followed by Brunei Darussalam on 7 January 1984, Vietnam on 28 July 1995, Laos and Myanmar on 23 July 1997 and Cambodia on 30 April 1999.

Thus, the correct answer is 10.

Additional Information

 ASEAN

• ASEAN is an organization made up of Southeast Asian nations.
• It was established on 8 August 1967.
• The purpose of this organization is to promote prosperity, economic development, peace and stability among the countries of the Asia-Pacific region.
• The headquarter of ASEAN is located in Jakarta, Indonesia.
• Currently, Lim Jock Hoi of Brunei is the Secretary General of ASEAN.
• The term of the President of ASEAN is only five years.

Hint 

The trick to remembering countries of ASEAN:

TV CLIP of MBBS

T - Thailand

V - Vietnam

C - Cambodia

L - Laos

I - Indonesia

P - Philippines

M - Malaysia

B - Burma (Myanmar)

B - Brunei

S - Singapore

The correct answer is '29'.

Key Points Ajanta Caves

• The Ajanta Caves are about 29 rock-cut Buddhist monumental caves.
• They are located in Maharashtra, India, dating back to the 2nd century BC.
• Here excellent specimens of depiction and craftsmanship related to Buddhism are found.
• Along with these, living illustrations are also found.
• These caves are located near a village called Ajanta, which is in the Aurangabad district of Maharashtra.
• The Ajanta Caves have been declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1983.

Thus, the correct answer is 29.

The correct answer is 'Tandan Pheichak'.

Key Points Let's have a look at all options:

Thus, the correct answer is Tandan Pheichak.

The correct answer is 'Thiru R. N. Ravi'.

Key PointsLet's have a look at all options:

Thus, the correct answer is Thiru R. N. Ravi.

The correct answer is 'land for the maintenance of a school'.

Key PointsLet's have a look at all options:

• The term 'Shalabhoga' stands with respect to revenue administration under the imperial Cholas is land donated for the maintenance of a school.
• The inscriptions of the Cholas who ruled in Tamil Nadu suggest that their kingdom used more than 400 terms for different kinds of taxes.
• Cholas were the most civilized race in the south Indian subcontinent.
• According to Chola inscriptions, there were five types of ' land gifts ' that Chola kings gave to their people :

The correct answer is 1977.

Key Points

• In 1971, Mirza Hameedullah Beg was appointed as the Chief Justice of the Himachal Pradesh High Court, and on December 10th, 1971, as a judge of the Supreme Court.
• He succeeded Justice Ajith Nath Ray as the 15th Chief Justice of India on January 29th, 1977.
• He practiced extensively as an advocate of the Federal Court of India in 1949.
• He served as standing counsel to Allahabad University and the UP Sunni Central Wakf Board.
• Beg J. was then appointed as a judge of the Allahabad High Court on June 11^th,1963.

Additional Information 

• The Supreme Court is the highest judicial authority of India.
• It is at the apex of the Indian judicial system.
• The Chief Justice and other judges of the Supreme Court are appointed by the President of India.
• There are currently 31 judges (including the chief justice of India) who comprise the Supreme Court of India.

The correct answer is Social Sciences.

Key Points

• The award is named after the founder Director of the Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR) India, the late Dr. (Sir) Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar and is known as the ‘Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar (SSB) Prize for Science and Technology.
• SSB Prizes, each of value of Rs 5,00,000 (Rupees five lakh only), are awarded annually for notable and outstanding research, applied or fundamental, in the following disciplines:
• Biological Sciences
• Chemical Sciences
• Earth, Atmosphere
• Ocean and Planetary Sciences
• Engineering Sciences
• Mathematical Sciences
• Medical Sciences
• Physical Sciences.

Additional Information 

• The Prize is given each year for outstanding contributions to science and technology.
• The purpose of the award is to recognize outstanding Indian work in science and technology.
• The names of the recipients are made public on 26 September, the CSIR Foundation Day by the Director General, of CSIR.
• In 2021, this award was given to 11 scientists from across the country for their significant contributions to science and technology.
• It is the country's highest science award within the country.

The correct answer is Karnataka.

Key Points

• Yakshagana is famous for the local art forms of India.
• The coastal area of Karnataka is the center of yakshagana.
• Yakshagana, also known as ‘Bayalatam’ is a fitting collection of Kerala’s unique drama Kathakali.
• Yakshagana is a perfect piece of music and literary dance. All the themes of acting are in this.
• The Yakshagana is an art that mixes with food, aesthetics, a swimsak, and a chest.
• The Yakshagana is popular with devotion and religion to the common man.

Additional Information 

The correct answer is Option 1.

Key Points

• Former Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi introduced the National Policy on Education in May 1986.
• The National System of Education envisages a common educational structure.
• The 10+2+3 structure has now been accepted in all parts of the country.
• Regarding the further break-up of the first 10 years efforts will be made to move towards an elementary system comprising 5 years of primary education and 3 years of upper primary, followed by 2 years of High School.
• NEP 2020: This National Education Policy 2020 is the first education policy of the 21st century and aims to address the many growing developmental imperatives of our country

Additional Information 

• Technical and Management Education: The reorganisation of Technical and Management Education should take into account the anticipated scenario by the turn of the century, with specific reference to the likely changes in the economy, social environment, production and management processes, the rapid expansion of knowledge and the great advances in science and technology.
• Reorganization of Education at Different stages: The National Policy on Children specially emphasizes investment in the development of young child, particularly children from sections of the population in which first generation learners predominate.
• The Management of Education: An overhaul of the system of planning and the management of education will receive high priority.

The correct answer is Option 2.

Key Points

• Harappan civilization was discovered in 1920–22 when two of its most important sites were excavated.
• These were Harappa on the banks of the river Ravi and Mohenjodaro on the banks of the Indus.
• The first was excavated by D. R. Sahani and the second by R.D. Bannerji.

Additional Information 

• On the basis of the archaeological findings, the Harappan civilization has been dated between 2600 B.C–1900 BC and is one of the oldest civilizations in the world.
• It is also sometimes referred to as the ‘Indus Valley civilization’.
• In the beginning majority of its settlements discovered were in and around the plains of the river Indus and its tributaries.
• But today it is termed as the Harappan civilization because Harappa was the first site, which brought to light the presence of this civilization.
• It is the first urban culture of India and is contemporaneous with other ancient civilizations of the world such as those of Mesopotamia and Egypt.

The correct answer is Option 4.

Key Points

• Guru Nanak Jayanti, also known as Gurpurab.
• It is celebrated to commemorate the birth anniversary of the first Sikh Guru, Guru Nanak Dev.
• The festival is celebrated on the day of Kartik Poornima.
• Kartik Poornima is the fifteenth lunar day in the month of Kartik according to the Hindu calendar.
• Usually falls in the month of November in the Gregorian calendar.

Additional Information 

• Guru Nanak was born on April 15, 1469, at Rai Bhoi Ki Talwandi, near Lahore, which is in the Sekhpura district of modern-day Pakistan.
• Guru Nanak is regarded as a spiritual teacher who founded Sikhism in the 15th century.
• He started writing the Guru Granth Sahib and completed 974 hymns.

The correct answer is Option 1.

Key Points

• The 64th, (NSCC) 2021 in Pistol events organized by the National Rifle Association of India at Dr. Karni Singh Shooting Ranges, New Delhi from 18th November to 6th December 2021.
• Raninder Singh is the President and K Sultan Singh is the Secretary General of the National Rifle Association of India.

Additional Information 

• The National Rifle Association of India (NRAI) was founded in 1951 with a view to promoting and popularizing shooting sports in India.
• The NRAI is affiliated with,
• International Shooting
• Sports Federation,
• Asian Shooting Confederation,
• Commonwealth Shooting Federation,
• South Asian Shooting Confederation
• Indian Olympic Association.

The correct answer is Option 3.

Key Points

• ‘Dronacharya Award for outstanding coaches in Sports and Games is given to coaches for doing outstanding and meritorious work.
• The awardees are decided by the Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports (MYAS).
• The MYAS select from the coaches nominated by the National Sports Federations, the Indian Olympic Association, the Sports Authority of India (SAI), and state governments.
• The Dronacharya Award was instituted in 1985 by the Government of India to recognize excellence in sports coaching.
• The award carries a cash prize of Rs 15 lakh, a bronze statue of Dronacharya, and a scroll of honor.

Additional Information 

• The Dronacharya Award was first handed out in 1985.
• The first Dronacharya Award winner was wrestling coach Bhalchandra Bhaskar Bhagwat.
• Dronacharya Award for outstanding coaches in Sports and Games 2021 was presented to 5 coaches each in the Life-time and Regular categories. A. A. Life-Time Category:

         B. Regular Category:

The correct answer is Vivo Pro Kabaddi.

Key Points

• VIVO Pro Kabaddi is a ground-breaking initiative by Mashal Sports Pvt. Ltd and Star India Pvt. Ltd.
• In 2014, The League has revolutionised the sport of kabaddi.
• Backed by the Amateur Kabaddi Federation of India (AKFI), and supported by,
• The International Kabaddi Federation (IKF) and the Asian Kabaddi Federation (AKF).

Additional Information 

• ISL Super League: 
• ​The Hero Indian Super League (ISL) is India’s unrivaled football championship which kicked off on October 12, 2014.
• KKFE**:** 
• The Kho Kho Federation of England (KKFE) is the governing body for the sport of Kho Kho in the United Kingdom.
• Established in 2014.
• IPL Twenty20 cricket: 
• The Indian Premier League (IPL), also officially known as TATA IPL for sponsorship reasons.
• It is a professional men's Twenty20 cricket league, contested by ten teams based in seven Indian cities and three Indian states.
• The league was founded by the Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI) in 2007.

The correct answer is Pataliputra​.

Key Points

• The Maurya Empire was a geographically extensive Iron Age historical power in ancient India, ruled by the Maurya dynasty from 322-185 BCE.
• Originating from the kingdom of Magadha in the Indo-Gangetic Plain (modern Bihar, eastern Uttar Pradesh).
• The empire had its capital city at Pataliputra (modern Patna).
• The empire was the largest to have ever existed in the Indian subcontinent, spanning over 5 million square kilometers at its zenith under Ashoka.

Additional Information 

• Taxila: 
• Taxila is located in the Rawalpindi district of Pakistan’s Punjab province.
• Kandahar: 
• Kandahar is a city in Afghanistan, located in the south of the country on the Arghandab River, at an elevation of 1,010 m.
• Ujjain: 
• ​Ujjain is a tier 2 city, the largest city in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh by population.
• It serves as the headquarters of both the Ujjain District and Ujjain Division.

The correct answer is Uttar Pradesh.

Key Points

• Uttar Pradesh currently has just one National Park - Dudhwa.
• Dudhwa National Park
• The Dudhwa National Park is a national park in the Terai belt of marshy grasslands in northern Uttar Pradesh.
• It is part of the Dudhwa Tiger Reserve in the Kheri and Lakhimpur districts.

Additional Information

• National Parks in
• Arunachal Pradesh - Mouling, Namdapha
• Madhya Pradesh - Bandhavgarh, Dinosaur Fossils, Fossil, Pench, Kanha, Kuno, Madhav, Panna, Sanjay, Satpura, Van Vihar
• Himachal Pradesh - Great Himalayan, Inderkilla, Khirganga, Pin Valley, Col. Sherjung Simbalbara

The correct answer is Article 23 and 24.

Key Points

• The Right against Exploitation is enshrined in Articles 23 and 24 of the Indian Constitution.
• These are important Fundamental Rights that guarantee every citizen protection from any kind of forced labour.
• Article 23 -  Prohibition of traffic in human beings and forced labour.
• Article 24 - Prohibition of employment of children in factories, etc.
• A child is defined as anyone below the age of 14.

Additional Information

• Article 14 - Equality before law wherein the State shall not deny to any person equality before the law or the equal protection of the laws within the territory of India.
• Article 15 - Prohibition of discrimination on grounds of religion, race, caste, sex or place of birth.
• Article 17 - Abolition of untouchability wherein untouchability is abolished and its practice in any form is forbidden.
• Article 18 - Abolition of titles wherein no title, not being a military or academic distinction, shall be conferred by the State and no citizen of India shall accept any title from any foreign State.
• Article 25 - Freedom of conscience and free profession, practice and propagation of religion subject to public order, morality and health, every religious denomination or any section thereof shall have the right.
• Article 26 - Freedom to manage religious affairs subject to public order, morality and health, every religious denomination or any section thereof shall have the right.

The correct answer is Rajya Sabha.

Key Points

• On 23 August 1954, the Chairman of Rajya Sabha made an announcement in the House that the Council of States would now be called ‘Rajya Sabha’ in Hindi.
• Rajya Sabha
• The Rajya Sabha, constitutionally the Council of States, is the upper house of the bicameral Parliament of India.

Additional Information

• Lok Sabha which is the lower house of Parliament is a house elected directly by the people.
• That is why it is known as the "House of People".
• Lok Sabha, the Hindi nomenclature was adopted on 14th May 1954.

The correct answer is Agricultural Effluent Monitoring.

Key Points

• The main pillars of Namami Gange Programme are as follows -
• Sewerage Treatment Infrastructure
• River-Front Development
• River-Surface Cleaning
• Bio-Diversity
• Industrial Effluent Monitoring
• Ganga Gram
• Thus, the statement in option 4 is not included and hence, option 4 is the right answer.

Additional Information

• Namami Gange Programme
• ​‘Namami Gange Programme’ is an Integrated Conservation Mission.
• It was approved as a ‘Flagship Programme’ by the Union Government in June 2014 with budget outlay of Rs.20,000 Crore.
• It aims to accomplish the twin objectives of effective abatement of pollution, conservation and rejuvenation of National River Ganga.

The correct answer is 2007.

Key Points

• Oxford Poverty and Human Development Initiative (OPHI):
• It is an economic research center within the Oxford Department of International Development at the University of Oxford, England, that was established in 2007.
• It aims to build a more systematic methodological and economic framework for reducing poverty, grounded in people's experiences and values.

Additional Information

• United Nations Development Programme (UNDP):
• UNDP is a United Nations agency tasked with helping countries eliminate poverty and achieve sustainable economic growth and human development.
• Established in 1965 and headquartered in New York City.
• It is the largest UN development aid agency, with offices in 170 countries.

The correct answer is these are also called Inner-Transition Elements.

Key Points

• f-Block Elements
• ​F block elements are divided into two series, namely lanthanoids and actinoids.
• F block elements are called inner transition elements because the last electron enters the anti-penultimate shell.
• They provide a transition in the 6th and 7th row of the periodic table which separates the s block and the d block elements.

Additional Information

• The s-block elements, also known as alkali metals because they form alkalies when they react with water, are those in which the last electron enters the outermost s-orbital.
• The p-block elements are those in which the last electron enters the penultimate p-orbital.
• The d-block elements are those that have their valence electrons in one or more d-orbitals (but not in any p-orbitals).

The correct answer is Chloride.

Key Points

• The six most abundant ions of seawater are, 
• Chloride (Cl−),
• Sodium (Na+),
• Sulfate (SO24−),
• Magnesium (Mg2+),
• Calcium (Ca2+), and
• Potassium (K+).
• Seawater has a chloride ion concentration of about 19,400 mg/L (a salinity of 35.0 ppt).
• Chloride - Chloride is an electrolyte that works with other electrolytes such as potassium, sodium, and carbon dioxide (CO₂).

Additional Information

• Calcium - 
• Calcium is a mineral most often associated with healthy bones and teeth.
• Although it also plays an essential role in blood clotting, helping muscles to contract, and regulating normal heart rhythms and nerve functions.
• Bromine - 
• Bromine is a naturally occurring element that is a liquid at room temperature that has a brownish-red colour with a bleach-like odour, and it dissolves in water.
• Potassium - 
• Potassium is an essential mineral that is needed by all tissues in the body and is sometimes referred to as an electrolyte because it carries a small electrical charge that activates various cell and nerve functions.

The correct answer is sponges.

Key Points

• Sponges have cellular-level organization, meaning that,
• Their cells are specialized so that different cells perform different functions.
• Similar cells are not organized into tissues and bodies are a sort of loose aggregation of different kinds of cells.
• Sponges
• Sponges, the members of the phylum Porifera, are a basal animal clade as a sister of the diploblastic.
• They are multicellular organisms that have bodies full of pores and channels allowing water to circulate through them, consisting of jelly-like mesohyl sandwiched between two thin layers of cells.

Additional Information

• Annelids are segmented worms with a tubular body and a specialized digestive system with a terminal mouth and an anus.
• The flatworms or Platyhelminthes are a phylum of relatively simple bilaterian, unsegmented, soft-bodied invertebrates.
• Nematodes are parasites of animals and occur in almost all organs of the body, but the most common sites are in the alimentary, circulatory, and respiratory systems.

The correct answer is a​nimal cells differ from plants cells in having an additional layer around the cell membrane termed cell wall.

Key Points

• Plant cell needs cell wall whereas animal cell do not because the plants need a rigid structure so that they can grow up and out.
• This is why plant cells have an additional cell wall outside of the cell membrane.

Animal Cell:                                                                                       Plant Cell:

<br>

Additional Information

• A nucleus, as related to genomics, is the membrane-enclosed organelle within a cell that contains the chromosomes.
• An array of holes, or pores, in the nuclear membrane, allows for the selective passage of certain molecules into and out of the nucleus.
• In 1665, Robert Hooke was the first to observe cork cells and their characteristic hexagonal shape.
• Robert Hooke used the first optical microscope, which was invented by him at that time.
• Plastids are double-membrane organelles which are found in the cells of plants and algae.
• Plastids are responsible for manufacturing and storing of food and often contain pigments.

The correct answer is Border Road Organisation (BRO).

Key Points

• Border Road Organisation (BRO):
• The Border Roads Organisation is a road construction executive force in India.
• It provides support to and is now a part of the Indian Armed Forces.
• BRO develops and maintains road networks in India's border areas and friendly neighbouring countries.
• It comes under the purview of the Ministry of Defence and was established in May 1960.

Additional Information

• Indian Armed Forces:
• ​The Indian Armed Forces are the military forces of the Republic of India.
• It consists of three professional uniformed services -
• The Indian Army,
• Indian Navy, and
• Indian Air Force.

The correct answer is Compound Volcanoes.

Key Points

• Compound Volcanoes
• ​A complex volcano is also called a compound volcano or a volcanic complex.
• It is a mixed landform consisting of related volcanic centers and their associated lava flows and pyroclastic rock.
• They may form due to changes in eruptive habit or in the location of the principal vent area on a particular volcano.
• Thus, it is not a type of volcano in itself.

Additional Information

• Volcanoes are classified based on the nature of eruption and the form developed at the surface.
• Shield Volcanoes are the largest of all the volcanoes on the earth, which are not steep and are mostly made up of basalt.
• Composite Volcanoes are characterized by outbreaks of cooler and more viscous lavas than basalt and are constructed from numerous explosive eruptions.
• Calderas are known as the most explosive volcanoes on Earth and when they erupt, they incline to collapse on themselves rather than constructing any structure.
• Flood Basalt Provinces volcanoes discharge highly fluid lava that flows for long distances.
• Mid-Ocean Ridge Volcanoes are found in the oceanic areas and the central region of this ridge gets frequent eruptions.

The correct answer is Asteroids.

Key Points Asteroids:

• Apart from the planets, and satellites, there are numerous tiny bodies that also move around the sun.
• These bodies are called asteroids.
• They are found between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter.
• Scientists are of the view that asteroids are parts of a planet that exploded many years back.
• Asteroids are rocky objects revolving around the sun that are too small to be called planets.
• They are also known as planetoids or minor planets.
• There are millions of asteroids, ranging in size from hundreds of miles to several feet across.
• In total, the mass of all the asteroids is less than that of Earth's moon.

Additional Information Galaxy:

• A galaxy is a huge collection of gas, dust, and billions of stars and their solar systems, all held together by gravity.
• We live on a planet called Earth which is part of our solar system.
• A galaxy is a huge collection of gas, dust, and billions of stars and their solar systems.

Constellations:

• A constellation is a group of stars that appears to form a pattern or picture like Orion the Great Hunter, Leo the Lion, or Taurus the Bull.
• Constellations are easily recognizable patterns that help people orient themselves using the night sky.

Satellite:

• A natural satellite is any celestial body in space that orbits around a larger body.
• Moons are called natural satellites because they orbit planets.

The correct answer is revenue deficit.

Key Points

• Revenue Deficit
• ​The revenue deficit is calculated by subtracting total revenue expenditure from total revenue receipts.
• If the fiscal deficit is constant, a higher revenue deficit means the government or business bears a higher load of repayment.
• For India, the Revenue deficit in 2022-23 is targeted at 3.8% of GDP, which is lower than the revised estimate of 4.7% in 2021-22.

Additional Information

• A balanced budget occurs when revenues are equal to or greater than total expenses.
• The money received by a business through normal business operations is known as revenue receipts.
• A budget surplus is when income exceeds expenditures.

The correct answer is seismoscope.

Key Points

• Seismoscope
• ​It is an instrument for recording only the time or fact of the occurrence of earthquakes.
• It gives a qualitative measure of the oscillatory motion produced by an earthquake or other disturbance of the earth's surface.
• The earliest seismoscope was invented by the Chinese philosopher Chang Heng in A.D. 132.

Additional Information

• A kaleidoscope is an optical instrument with two or more reflecting surfaces tilted to each other at an angle. 
• One or more (parts of) objects on one end of these mirrors are shown as a regular symmetrical pattern when viewed from the other end, due to repeated reflection.
• A periscope is an instrument for observation over, around, or through an object, obstacle, or condition that prevents direct line-of-sight observation from an observer's current position.
• Binoculars or field glasses are two refracting telescopes mounted side-by-side and aligned to point in the same direction.
• Which allows the viewer to use both eyes (binocular vision) when viewing distant objects.

The correct answer is pedigree analysis.

Key Points

• Pedigree analysis
• Pedigree analysis was developed to understand the inheritance of genes from parents to offspring.
• It was developed as a chart that can represent a family tree along with the family members and their genetic traits, respectively.

Additional Information

• Linkage, as related to genetics and genomics, refers to the closeness of genes or other DNA sequences to one another on the same chromosome.
• Predictive analysis or predictive genomics deals with the future phenotypic outcomes via prediction in areas such as complex multifactorial diseases in humans.
• Recombination is a process by which pieces of DNA are broken and recombined to produce new combinations of alleles, thus creating genetic diversity at the level of genes.

The correct answer is Mumbai.

Key Points

• Mumbai is the center of the Mumbai Metropolitan Region.
• Mumbai is the sixth most populous metropolitan area in the world with a population of over 2.3 crores (23 million).
• The rapid population growth is attributed to migration from other regions in the country, with migrants seeking business and employment opportunities.

Additional Information

• Kolkata is the seventh-most populous city in India, with a population of 45 lakh (4.5 million) residents within the city limits.
• There is a population of over 1.41 crore (14.1 million) residents in the Kolkata Metropolitan Area.
• Kolkata is the third-most populous metropolitan area in India.
• Bangalore has a population of more than 8 million and a metropolitan population of around 11 million.
• The third most populous city and fifth most populous urban agglomeration in India.
• The largest city in South India, and the 27th largest city in the world.
• Delhi is the fifth most populous city in the world and the largest city in India area-wise, with an estimated 2016 population of 18.6 million.

The correct answer is Chir.

Key Points

• Chir
• ​Pinus roxburghii, commonly known as chir pine or longleaf Indian pine, is a species of pine, native to the Himalayas.
• It helps manage diabetes by increasing insulin secretion due to its anti-diabetic property.
• As per Ayurveda, Chir is beneficial in respiratory problems such as bronchitis and asthma.
• It helps to remove sputum from respiratory passages due to its Vata and Kapha balancing properties.
• Coniferous Tree
• Trees that produce cones and needles are called Coniferous-evergreen trees.
• Example - cedars, Douglas-firs, cypresses, firs, junipers, kauri, larches, pines, hemlocks, redwoods, spruces, and yews.

Additional Information

• Khair is a thorny tree which grows up to 15 m in height that grows throughout India from the Himalayas to the South of India.
• Babool is a flowering tree in the family Fabaceae which is native to Africa, the Middle East, and the Indian subcontinent.
• A cactus is a member of the plant family Cactaceae and is meant to thrive in semi-arid and arid areas.

The correct answer is Temperature and Volume.

Key Points

• Charles' Law
• Charles's law (also known as the law of volumes) is an experimental gas law that describes how gases tend to expand when heated.
• Statement - When the pressure on a sample of a dry gas is held constant, the Kelvin temperature and the volume will be in direct proportion
• This relationship of direct proportion can be written as -
• 

​

• where V is the volume of the gas, and T is the temperature of the gas (measured in kelvins)

Additional Information

• Boyle's Law
• Boyle's law also referred to as the Boyle-Mariotte law, or Mariotte's law is an experimental gas law that describes how the pressure of a gas tends to decrease as the volume of the container increases.
• Statement - The absolute pressure exerted by a given mass of an ideal gas is inversely proportional to the volume it occupies if the temperature and amount of gas remain unchanged within a closed system.

The correct answer is NITI Aayog.

Key Points

• Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI)
• It is a poverty measure that reflects the multiple deprivations that poor people face in the areas of education, health, and living standards.
• India’s national MPI captures multiple and simultaneous deprivations faced by households across the three macro dimensions of
• Health,
• Education and
• Living standards.
• NITI Aayog
• The NITI Aayog serves as the apex public policy think tank of the Government of India founded in 2015.
• It is the nodal agency tasked with catalyzing economic development and fostering cooperative federalism.

Additional Information

• SEBI:
• The Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) is the regulatory body for the securities and commodity markets.
• Ownership - Ministry of Finance
• Established - on 12 April 1988 as an executive body and
• Statutory powers - on 30 January 1992 through the SEBI Act, 1992.
• The National Institute of Financial Management (NIFM) was set up in 1993 as a training institution for officers recruited by the Union Public Service Commission (UPSC).
• The Reserve Bank of India (RBI), owned by the Ministry of Finance,
• RBI is India's central bank and regulatory body.
• RBI is responsible for the regulation of the Indian banking system, and the control, issue, and maintaining the supply of the Indian rupee.

The correct answer is Archimedes.

Key Points

• Archimedes' principle or the principle of buoyancy:
• A body at rest in a fluid is acted upon by a force pushing upward called the buoyant force, which is equal to the weight of the fluid that the body displaces.
• Archimedes
• Archimedes of Syracuse was a Greek mathematician, physicist, engineer, astronomer, and inventor.
• He was from the ancient city of Syracuse in Sicily.
• His most famous works are,
• The Archimedes' Screw (a device for raising water that is still used in crop irrigation and sewage treatment plants today).
• Archimedes' principle of buoyancy.

Additional Information

• Albert Einstein was a German-born theoretical physicist.
• Einstein is best known for developing the theory of relativity and development of the theory of quantum mechanics.
• Wilhelm Conrad Rontgen was a German mechanical engineer and physicist.
• Who, on 8 November 1895, produced and detected electromagnetic radiation in a wavelength range known as X-rays or Rontgen rays.
• This was an achievement that earned him the inaugural Nobel Prize in Physics in 1901.
• Sir Joseph John Thomson was a British physicist and Nobel Laureate in Physics.
• He is credited with the discovery of the electron.

Given:

A book seller sold a book at a loss of 20%

If the selling price had been increased by Rs.120, there would have been a gain of 10%

Formula used:

Selling Price = Cost Price (100 ± Profit or Loss)%

Calculation:

let 100x be the cost price,

Selling Price at 20% loss = 100x × (100 - 20)%

= 100x × $\frac{80}{100}$

= 80x

If the selling price had been increased by Rs.120, there would have been a gain of 10%

Selling Price at 10% gain = 100x × (100 + 10)%

= 100x × $\frac{110}{100}$

= 110x

Selling Price at 10% gain - Selling Price at 20% loss = Rs. 120

110x - 80x = 120

30x = 120

x = 4

Cost Price is 100x,

Cost Price = 100 × 4

= 400

Answer is Rs.400.

Alternate MethodGiven:

A book seller sold a book at a loss of 20%

If the selling price had been increased by Rs.120, there would have been a gain of 10%

Calculation:

let 100% be Cost Price,

Selling Price at 20% loss = 100% - 20% = 80%

Selling Price at 10% gain = 100% + 10% = 110%

Difference between Selling Price = 110% - 80%

120 = 30%

1% = 4

Cost Price is 100%,

= 100 × 4

= 400

Answer is Rs.400.

Given:

x = 6.29, y = 4.37, z = 1.92

Formula used:

(a + b)³ = a³ + b³ + 3ab(a + b)

Calculation:

The relation between x , y and z is,

x = y + z 

6.29 = 4.37 + 1.92

6.29 = 6.29

LHS = RHS

Taking Cube on both sides

x³ = (y + z)³

x³ = y³ + z³ + 3yz(y + z)

x³ = y³ + z³ + 3xyz [ x = y + z ]

x³ - y³ - z³ - 3xyz = 0

The value of (x3 - y3 - z3 - 3xyz)/(x + y + z),

= 0 / (x + y + z)

= 0

Answer is 0.

Given:

The ratio of the cost price of rice A to that of B is 5 : 7

The rice A was sold at a profit of 70% and rice B was sold at a profit of 30%

If the total profit earned after selling both the rice's A and B is Rs 308

Formula used:

Profit = Cost Price × Profit%

Calculation:

Cost Price of rice A = 5x

Cost Price of rice B = 7x

Total Profit = 308

5x × 70% + 7x × 30% = 308

3.5x + 2.1x = 308

5.6x = 308

x = 308/5.6

= 55

Difference between their cost prices = 7x - 5x

= 2x 

= 2 × 55

= 110

Answer is 110.

Shortcut Trick

When numbers are in the ratio a : b (where a and b are coprime), the GCD directly corresponds to the value of 1 ratio part.

Here, the numbers are in the ratio 1 : 6.

Value of 1 part = GCD = 29.

Largest number = 6 parts = 6 × 29 = 174.

∴ The correct answer is 174.

Alternate Method

Given:

GCD (Highest Common Factor) = 29

LCM = 174

Ratio of numbers = 1 : 6

Concept Used:

If two numbers are in the ratio a : b, they can be written as ax and bx, where x is their GCD.

1x

6x

GCD = 29

Largest Number = 6 × 29

= 174

Ratio of Numbers = 1 : 6

Calculations:

⇒ Let the two numbers be x and 6x.

⇒ Since 1 and 6 are coprime, the highest common factor of x and 6x is x.

⇒ Therefore, x = 29.

⇒ The smaller number is 29.

⇒ The largest number is 6 × 29 = 174.

⇒ To verify: The LCM of 29 and 174 is 174, which perfectly satisfies the given condition.

∴ The correct answer is 174.

Additional Information

Product of Two Numbers

For any two positive integers, the product of the numbers is always equal to the product of their HCF and LCM. Formula: a × b = HCF × LCM.

Co-prime Ratio Rule

If two numbers are given in the ratio a : b (where a and b are coprime), the actual numbers are (HCF × a) and (HCF × b). Their LCM will directly be HCF × a × b.

LCM of Multiples

If one number is an exact multiple of another, their HCF is always the smaller number and their LCM is the larger number.

Given:

The ratio of A's age 6 years ago and B's age after 6 years is 3 : 3

Calculation:

let the A's age 6 years ago and B's age after 6 years be 3x and 3x

Present age of A = 3x + 6

Present age of B = 3x - 6

If at present, the ratio of their ages is 7 : 5

$\frac{3x+6}{3x-6} = \frac{7}{5}$

15x + 30 = 21x - 42

72 = 6x

x = 12

Present age of A = 3x + 6 = 3(12) + 6 = 42

Present age of B = 3x - 6 = 3(12) - 6 = 30

The ratio between A's age 6 years hence and B's age 6 years ago,

= 42 + 6 : 30 - 6

= 48 : 24

= 2 : 1

Answer is 2 : 1.

Given:

A person P sells a bike to a person Q for Rs 90,000 losing 20% in the transaction

The person Q sells it to another person R at a price which would have given a profit of 10% to the person P.

Formula used:

Selling Price = Cost Price (100 ± Profit or loss)

Gain% = $\frac{Selling\ Price - Cost\ Price}{Cost\ Price} \times 100$

Calculation:

A person P sells a bike to a person Q for Rs 90,000 losing 20% in the transaction,

then, Selling Price of P at 20% loss = Cost Price of Q

Selling Price of P at 20% loss = Cost Price of P (100 - 20)%

90000 = Cost Price of P (80)%

Cost Price of P = $\frac{90000 \times 100}{80}$

= 112500

The person Q sells it to another person R at a price which would have given a profit of 10% to the person P,

Then, Selling Price of Q = Selling Price of P at 10% Profit

Selling Price of P at 10% Profit = Cost Price of P (100 + 10)%

= $\frac{112500 \times 110}{100}$

= 123750

Selling Price of Q = 123750

Cost Price of Q = 90000

Gain% of Q = $\frac{123750 - 90000}{90000} \times 100$

= $\frac{33750}{900}$

= 37.5%

Gain% of Q is 37.5%

Answer is 37.5%.

Given:

The average rainfall for the first 5 days in a week recorded to be 9.50 cm

The rainfall on last 2 days was in the ratio 2 : 3 and the average of 7 days is 12.50 cm

Formula used:

Total = Average × Number of terms

Calculation:

Total rainfall for the first 5 days = 9.50 cm × 5 days

= 47.5 cm

Total rainfall in 7 days = 12.50 cm × 7 days

= 87.5 cm

Rainfall in last 2 days is = Total rainfall in 7 days - Total rainfall for the first 5 days

= 87.5 - 47.5

= 40 cm

The rainfall on last 2 days was in the ratio 2 : 3,

2 units + 3 units = 40

5 units = 40

1 unit = 8

Rainfall on last day is 3 units,

= 3 × 8

= 24 cm

Answer is 24 cm.

Shortcut Trick

Selling Price is 80% of Marked Price (20% discount).

0.8 × MP = 1008 ⇒ MP = ₹1260

If no discount is given, MP becomes the new Selling Price, yielding a 40% profit.

1.4 × CP = 1260 ⇒ CP = 1260 ÷ 1.4 = ₹900

∴ The correct answer is ₹900.

Alternate Method

Given:

⇒ Selling Price (SP) = ₹1008

⇒ Discount = 20%

⇒ Profit if sold without discount = 40%

Formula Used:

⇒ MP = SP × [100 ÷ (100 − Discount%)]

⇒ CP = SP_new × [100 ÷ (100 + Profit%)]

Calculations:

⇒ MP = 1008 × [100 ÷ (100 − 20)]

⇒ MP = 1008 × (100 ÷ 80) = 1008 × (5 ÷ 4)

⇒ MP = 252 × 5 = ₹1260

⇒ If no discount is given, the article is sold at Marked Price.

⇒ New Selling Price (SP_new) = MP = ₹1260

⇒ CP = 1260 × [100 ÷ (100 + 40)]

⇒ CP = 1260 × (100 ÷ 140) = 1260 × (5 ÷ 7)

⇒ CP = 180 × 5 = ₹900

∴ The correct answer is ₹900.

Additional Information

Relation between CP and MP

The direct ratio between Cost Price and Marked Price is given by the formula: CP ÷ MP = (100 − Discount%) ÷ (100 + Profit%).

Marked Price (MP)

It is the labelled or printed price of an article. Discounts are always calculated on the Marked Price, while Profit or Loss is strictly calculated on the Cost Price.

Zero Discount Scenario

When a seller gives no discount, the item is sold completely at its Marked Price. In this practical scenario, Selling Price (SP) = Marked Price (MP).

Shortcut Trick

Each term is of the form 1 / (√n − √(n+1)). Rationalizing it gives −(√n + √(n+1)).

The series is: T₁ − T₂ + T₃ − T₄ + ... − T₂₂ + T₂₃.

Substitute: (−1 − √2) − (−√2 − √3) + (−√3 − √4) ... − (−√22 − √23) + (−√23 − √24).

Simplify: −1 − √2 + √2 + √3 − √3 − √4 ... + √23 − √23 − √24.

All middle terms cancel out, leaving: −1 − √24 = −1 − 2√6.

∴ The correct answer is −2√6 − 1.

Alternate Method

Given: The expression 1 / (1 − √2) − 1 / (√2 − √3) + 1 / (√3 − √4) − ... − 1 / (√22 − √23) + 1 / (√23 − √24).

Formula Used: Rationalization of denominator: 1 / (a − b) = (a + b) / (a² − b²).

Calculations:

⇒ Rationalizing the first term: 1 / (1 − √2) × (1 + √2) / (1 + √2) = (1 + √2) / (1 − 2) = −1 − √2

⇒ Rationalizing the second term: 1 / (√2 − √3) × (√2 + √3) / (√2 + √3) = (√2 + √3) / (2 − 3) = −√2 − √3

⇒ The expression becomes: (−1 − √2) − (−√2 − √3) + (−√3 − √4) − (−√4 − √5) + ... + (−√23 − √24)

⇒ Expansion: −1 − √2 + √2 + √3 − √3 − √4 + √4 + √5 ... − √23 − √24

⇒ By cancellation: −1 − √24

⇒ −1 − √(4 × 6) = −1 − 2√6

∴ The correct answer is −2√6 − 1.

Additional Information

Rationalization of Surds

To rationalize a denominator of the form (√a − √b), multiply both numerator and denominator by the conjugate (√a + √b) to apply (x−y)(x+y) = x²−y².

Telescoping Sums

A sum where successive terms cancel each other out, leaving only the first and last components of the sequence expansion.

Surd Properties

√(a × b) = √a × √b. This allows simplifying √24 to √4 × √6, which equals 2√6.

Given:

$\left( {\dfrac{{2.1 × 0.76 × 3.5}}{{0.19 × 0.07 × 0.3}}} \right) × 5$

Calculation:

= $\left( {\dfrac{{\frac{21}{10} × \frac{76}{100} × \frac{35}{10}}}{{\frac{19}{100} × \frac{7}{100} × \frac{3}{10}}}} \right) × 5$

⇒$\left( {\frac{{{21} × {76} × {35}}}{{{19} × {7} × \frac{3}{10}}}} \right) × 5$

= $\left( {\frac{{ {10}× {76} × {35}}}{{{19}}}} \right) × 5$

= 1400 × 5

= 7000

The answer is 7000.

Given:

Rs.35 per kg must be mixed with 54 kg of sugar costing Rs.28 per kg so that there may be a gain of 25 % by selling the mixture at Rs. 40 per kg

Formula used:

Selling Price = Cost Price (100 ± Profit or Loss)%

Calculation:

Selling Price at 25% gain is Rs. 40

Cost Price (100 + 25)% = 40

Cost Price = 40 × $\frac{100}{125}$

= 40 × $\frac{4}{5}$

= 32

let the kilograms of sugar costing Rs. 35 be x,

35 × x + 54 × 28 = 32 (x + 54)

35x + 1512 = 32x + 1728

3x = 216

x = 72

Answer is 72kg . 

Alternate MethodGiven:

Rs.35 per kg must be mixed with 54 kg of sugar costing Rs.28 per kg so that there may be a gain of 25 % by selling the mixture at Rs. 40 per kg

Formula used:

Selling Price = Cost Price (100 ± Profit or Loss)%

Calculation:

Selling Price at 25% gain is Rs. 40

Cost Price (100 + 25)% = 40

Cost Price = 40 × $\frac{100}{125}$

= 40 × $\frac{4}{5}$

= 32

let b be the weight of sugar costing Rs. 35 per kg,

$\frac{32-28}{35-32}=\frac{b}{54}$

$\frac{4}{3}=\frac{b}{54}$

b = 72kg

Answer is 72.

Given:

The average temperature of a city in the first 4 days of a month is 24 Celsius (°C)

The average temperature for the second, third, fourth and fifth days 26 Celsius (°C)

the temperature of the first and fifth days are in the ratio 2 : 3

Formula used:

Total = Average × Number of terms

Calculation:

Total Temperature in first 4 days = 24 × 4

= 96 Celsius

Total temperature for the second, third, fourth and fifth days = 26 × 4 

= 104 Celsius

Difference of temperature between fifth and first day = Total temperature for the second, third, fourth and fifth days - Total Temperature in first 4 days

= 104 - 96

= 8 Celsius

the temperature of the first and fifth days are in the ratio 2 : 3

Difference of temperature between fifth and first day,

3 units - 2 units = 8

1 unit = 8

the temperature (in °C) on the fifth day,

3 units = 3 × 8

= 24 Celsius

Answer is 24.

Given:

A student bought a computer with a discount of 10% on its marked price

He sold it to another student at a price 25% more than the price at which he bought it

Formula used:

Selling Price = Marked Price (100 - Discount)%

Selling Price = Cost Price (100 ± Profit or Loss)%

Calculation:

let the marked price of the computer be 100x,

Cost Price of the First student = 100x (100 - 10)%

= 100x × $\frac{90}{100}$

= 90x

He sold it to another student at a price 25% more than the price at which he bought it

Selling Price of the First student = Cost Price of the first student (100 + 25)%

= 90x × $\frac{125}{100}$

= 112.5x

Selling Price is more than Marked Price by,

= $\frac{Selling\ Price - Marked\ Price}{Marked \ Price} \times 100$

= $\frac{112.5x - 100x}{100x} \times 100$

= $\frac{12.5x}{100x} \times 100$

= 12.5%

Answer is 12.5%.

Given:

Present Price of teak wood = Rs.1764

Price of teak wood one year before = Rs.2520

Calculation:

Percentage reduction in Price = $\frac{Price \ of\ teak\ wood \ one\ year\ before - Present\ Price\ of\ teak\ wood}{Price \ of\ teak\ wood \ one\ year\ before} \times 100$ 

= $\frac{2520-1764}{2520} \times 100$

= $\frac{7560}{252}$

= 30%

Reduction in the price of teak offered by the shop is 30%

Answer is 30%.

Given:

$\dfrac{{\sqrt {0.0036} \times \sqrt[3]{{27000000}}}}{{\sqrt[3]{{0.000729}} \times \sqrt[3]{{0.125}}}}$

Calculation:

⇒ $\dfrac{{\sqrt {\frac{36}{10000}} \times \sqrt[3]{{27 \times 1000000}}}}{{\sqrt[3]{{\frac{729}{1000000}}} \times \sqrt[3]{{\frac{125}{1000}}}}}$

⇒ $\dfrac{{ {\frac{6}{100}} \times {{3 \times 100}}}}{{{{\frac{9}{100}}} \times {{\frac{5}{10}}}}}$

⇒ $\frac{18 \times 1000}{9\times 5}$

⇒ 400

∴ The Correct Answer is 400.

Shortcut Trick

Winner = 85%, ∴ Loser = 100% − 85% = 15%

Margin = 85% − 15% = 70%

70% of total votes = 5600 ⇒ 1% = 80

Losing candidate votes = 15% = 15 × 80 = 1200

∴ The correct answer is 1200 votes.

Alternate Method

Given: Winner % = 85%, Margin = 5600 votes.

Formula Used: Total Votes = (Margin × 100) ÷ (Difference in %)

⇒ Let total votes cast be V.

⇒ Votes for Winner = 85% of V

⇒ Votes for Loser = (100 − 85)% of V = 15% of V

⇒ Margin = 85% of V − 15% of V = 70% of V

⇒ 70% of V = 5600

⇒ V = (5600 × 100) ÷ 70 = 8000

⇒ Loser votes = 15% of 8000 = (15 ÷ 100) × 8000

⇒ Loser votes = 1200

∴ The correct answer is 1200 votes.

Additional Information

Percentage Change

It represents the relationship between an old value and a new value as a fraction of 100: ((New − Old) ÷ Old) × 100.

Valid and Invalid Votes

In election problems, if invalid votes are present, subtract them from the total before calculating the winner/loser shares.

Base Value Selection

Always identify the correct base (Total Votes or Valid Votes) for calculating percentages to avoid errors.

Given:

A seller incurs a loss of 4% by selling a product at 52% discount

Marked Price = Rs.18000

Formula used:

Marked Price (100 - Discount)% = Cost Price (100 ± Profit or Loss)%

Calculation:

Loss = 4%

Discount = 52%

18000 (100 - 52)% = Cost Price (100 - 4)%

18000 × 48 = Cost Price × 96

Cost Price = $\frac{18000 \times 48}{96}$

= 9000

if the profit is 30%,

18000 (100 - Discount)% = 9000 (100 + 30)%

2 × (100 - Discount) = 130

100 - Discount = 65

Discount = 35%

Answer is 35%.

Given:

17 of them spent Rs.210 each on their dinner

the last one friend spent Rs.153 more than the average expenditure of all the 18 friends

Formula used:

Average = $\frac{Total\ Sum}{Number\ Of\ Terms}$

Calculation:

let x be the average amount spent by 18 friends,

the last one friend spent Rs.153 more than the average expenditure of all the 18 friends

Total sum = 17 × 210 + x + 153 

Average = $\frac{3570 + x + 153}{18}$

x = $\frac{3727 + x }{18}$

18x = 3723 + x

17x = 3723

x = 219

Average Amount spent by 18 friends is 219

Total Amount = 18 × 219

= 3942

Answer is 3942.

Given:

tools production in 2018 was 272 lakhs tonnes

the tools production of a factory grows at a 25% per annum

Formula used:

Final Value = Initial Value (100 ± Increase or Decrease)%

Calculation:

Tools Production for the 2020 = Tools Production in 2018 × (100 + 25)% × (100 + 25)%

= 272 × $\frac{125}{100}$ × $\frac{125}{100}$

= 272 × $\frac{5}{4}$ × $\frac{5}{4}$

= 17 × 25

= 425

Tools Production for the year 2020 is 425 lakhs tonnes

Answer is 425.

Given:

There are three natural numbers 'a', 'b' and 'c'. If 'a' exceeds 'b' by 30, 'c' exceeds 'a' by 65

the sum of these numbers is 281

Calculation:

a + b + c = 281

a - b = 30 ----(1)

c - a = 65 -----(2)

From the given statements, it is obvious that c is greater than a and a is greater than b ,

Then, c is the greatest number and b is smallest number

Adding (1) and (2) we get,

a - b + c - a = 95

c - b = 95

Answer is 95.

Given:

Time taken by P and Q to complete the work = 10 days.

Time taken by P and Q when P worked with 2 times of his efficiency and Q worked with (2 / 3) of his efficiency = 6 days.

Concept used:

In such questions we assume the total work to be LCM of given quantities and then we work with the efficiencies.

Calculation:

Let the total work be 30 units. (LCM of 10 and 6)

Let the efficiencies of P and Q be x and y.

Sum of efficiencies of P and Q when they are working at their efficiencies

x + y = 30 / 10

x + y = 3 ..... (1).

Sum of efficiencies of P and Q when P works with 2 times of his efficiency and Q works (2 / 3) of his efficiency

2x + (2y / 3) = (30 / 6) 

6x + 2y = 15 .... (2)

Multiplying (1) by 2 and then subtracting (1) and (2),

2x + 2y - 6x - 2y = 6 - 15

-4x = -9

x = 9 / 4.

Time taken by P to complete the work 

= $\dfrac{30}{\dfrac{9}{4}}$

= 30 × 4 / 9

= 10 × 4 / 3

= 40 / 3

= 13(1/3) days.

∴ Time taken by P alone to complete the work is 13(1/3) days.

Given:

Number of days in which 90 persons finish the work = 32 days.

Formula used:

(Men / women / children / persons) × number of days = men days / women days / children days/ persons days

Calculation:

When 90 men finish finish the work in 32 days,

90 persons × 32 days = 2880 persons days.

Let the total number of days required when 30 more persons do the job be x, then

90 persons × 8 days + (90 + 30) × (x - 8) = 2880 persons days

120 × (x - 8) = 2880 - 720

x - 8 = 2160 / 120

x - 8 = 18

x = 26.

To complete the remaining work they will take

= 26 - 8

= 18 days. 

∴ Time taken to complete the remaining work is 18 days.

Given:

Ratio of radii of cones = 3 : 4.

heights of cones are equal = h = h' 

Formula used:

Volume of cone = (1 / 3) × π × r² × h

where

r = radius of cone

h = height of cone

Calculation:

Ratio of volumes of cones

$\dfrac{V}{V'} = \dfrac{\dfrac{1}{3} \pi r^2h}{\dfrac{1}{3}\pi r'^2 h'}$

$\dfrac{V}{V'} = \dfrac{r^2h}{r'^2 h'}$

$\dfrac{V}{V'} = \dfrac{3^2}{4^2}$

$\dfrac{V}{V'} = \dfrac{9}{16}$

∴ Ratio of their volumes is 9 : 16.