Previous Year Paper

DSSSB Court Attendant Official Paper (Held On 01 Jun, 2026 Shift 1) (Previous Year Paper)

Held in 2026

100 questions150 minutes

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English & Hindi

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Paper last updated: 03 November 2026

Questions & answers

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Hindi 1 (15 questions)

Question 1

दिये गये वाक्य का रिक्त स्थान सर्वोचित क्रिया शब्द से पूर्ण करें--

शिक्षक कक्षा में छात्रों को नया ज्ञान ........ रहे थे।

AOption (a)
दिखा
BOption (b)
सुना
COption (c)
सिखा
DOption (d)
दे

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

दे

Why this answer is correct

सही उत्तर है - दे

Key Points

शिक्षक कक्षा में छात्रों को नया ज्ञान दे रहे थे।
वाक्य में 'दे' के प्रयोग से क्रिया का छात्रों तक पहुँचने का भाव स्पष्ट होता है तथा ज्ञान के संदर्भ में 'देना' क्रिया सबसे स्वाभाविक और व्याकरणिक रूप से शुद्ध है।
'दे' का अर्थ - प्रदान करना या अर्पित करना; जैसे- गुरुजी शिष्यों को उपदेश दे रहे हैं।

Additional Informationदिखा-

अर्थ: दर्शन कराना या प्रत्यक्ष करना।
जैसे - जादूगर बच्चों को नए खेल दिखा रहा था।

सुना-

अर्थ: श्रवण कराना या बोलकर बताना।
जैसे - दादाजी बच्चों को कहानी सुना रहे थे।

सिखा-

अर्थ: शिक्षा देना या हुनर बताना (यह कौशल के लिए अधिक उपयुक्त है)।
जैसे - प्रशिक्षक खिलाड़ियों को नई तकनीक सिखा रहे थे।

Question 2

मैं रोज सबके लिए खाना ............ हूँ ।

उपरोक्त वाक्य में रिक्त स्थान की पूर्ति के लिए उचित क्रिया शब्द का चयन करें –

AOption (a)
नया
BOption (b)
बनाती
COption (c)
होती
DOption (d)
देना

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

बनाती

Why this answer is correct

इसका सही उत्तर 'बनाती' है।

Key Points

वाक्य विश्लेषण:

दिए गए वाक्य 'मैं रोज सबके लिए खाना ............ हूँ' में कर्ता (मैं) के साथ एक उचित क्रिया की आवश्यकता है।
'खाना' संज्ञा के साथ सामान्यतः 'बनाना' या 'पकाना' क्रिया का प्रयोग होता है।
वाक्य की संरचना के अनुसार, उत्तम पुरुष एकवचन के लिए 'बनाती' (स्त्रीलिंग) या 'बनाता' (पुल्लिंग) का प्रयोग उपयुक्त है।
दिए गए विकल्पों में 'बनाती' ही एकमात्र सार्थक क्रिया है जो वाक्य को पूर्ण करती है।
अतः पूर्ण वाक्य होगा: 'मैं रोज सबके लिए खाना बनाती हूँ।'

Additional Information अन्य विकल्पों का विश्लेषण:

नया -

यह एक विशेषण शब्द है, क्रिया नहीं। इसका प्रयोग यहाँ व्याकरणिक रूप से अशुद्ध है।

होती -

यह क्रिया 'होना' का रूप है, लेकिन 'खाना होती हूँ' का कोई सार्थक अर्थ नहीं निकलता।

देना -

यह क्रिया का मूल रूप (Infinitive) है। 'हूँ' के साथ प्रयोग करने के लिए इसे 'देती' के रूप में होना चाहिए था।

Question 3

पूर्णतः शुद्ध वाक्य के विकल्प की पहचान कीजिए-

AOption (a)
उसने अपना सारा धन गरीबों को बाँट दिया।
BOption (b)
रवि ने अपने पड़ोसी को गला घोंटकर मार डाला।
COption (c)
उसके बारे में तो आप भी अवश्य सुने होंगे।
DOption (d)
आजकल शिक्षा पर बड़ा महत्त्व दिया जा रहा है।

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

रवि ने अपने पड़ोसी को गला घोंटकर मार डाला।

Why this answer is correct

सही उत्तर है- रवि ने अपने पड़ोसी को गला घोंटकर मार डाला।

Key Points

'रवि ने अपने पड़ोसी को गला घोंटकर मार डाला।' वाक्य पूर्णतः शुद्ध है क्योंकि इसमें कर्ता, कर्म, क्रिया और पदक्रम व्याकरण के नियमों के अनुसार सही हैं।
वाक्य शुद्धि का अर्थ वाक्य को व्याकरण के नियमों के अनुसार शुद्ध एवं सार्थक रूप में व्यवस्थित करना है।
उदाहरण 1: 'राम ने रावण का वध किया।'
उदाहरण 2: 'उसने अपनी संपत्ति दान कर दी।'

अन्य विकल्प -

विकल्प	विग्रह/अर्थ	अशुद्धि का प्रकार
उसने अपना सारा धन गरीबों को बाँट दिया।	शुद्ध रूप: 'उसने अपना सारा धन गरीबों में बाँट दिया।'	कारक संबंधी
उसके बारे में तो आप भी अवश्य सुने होंगे।	शुद्ध रूप: 'उसके बारे में तो आपने भी अवश्य सुना होगा।'	सर्वनाम व क्रिया संबंधी
आजकल शिक्षा पर बड़ा महत्त्व दिया जा रहा है।	शुद्ध रूप: 'आजकल शिक्षा को बड़ा महत्त्व दिया जा रहा है।'	कारक संबंधी

Important Pointsवाक्य अशुद्धि के मुख्य भेद-

कारक संबंधी अशुद्धि
सर्वनाम संबंधी अशुद्धि
क्रिया संबंधी अशुद्धि
अनुपयुक्त शब्द संबंधी अशुद्धि

Additional Information

प्रकार/भेद	परिभाषा	उदाहरण
कारक संबंधी अशुद्धि	वाक्य में गलत विभक्ति चिह्नों का प्रयोग करना।	वृक्ष पर फल लगे हैं। → (शुद्ध) वह छत पर से गिर पड़ा। → वह छत से गिर पड़ा।
सर्वनाम संबंधी अशुद्धि	वाक्य में सर्वनाम के अशुद्ध रूप का प्रयोग।	तेरे को कहाँ जाना है? → तुझे कहाँ जाना है? मैं मेरा काम कर रहा हूँ। → मैं अपना काम कर रहा हूँ।

Question 4

सोहन ........ चलता है ।

उपर्युक्त वाक्य में रिक्त स्थान की पूर्ति के लिए उचित क्रिया-विशेषण शब्द का चयन करें-

AOption (a)
कब
BOption (b)
कितना
COption (c)
धीरे-धीरे
DOption (d)
और

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

धीरे-धीरे

Why this answer is correct

सही उत्तर - धीरे-धीरे।

Key Points

'सोहन धीरे-धीरे चलता है' में धीरे-धीरे रीतिवाचक क्रिया-विशेषण है। यह क्रिया (चलता है) के होने की रीति या ढंग का बोध कराता है।
रीतिवाचक: जिन अविकारी शब्दों से क्रिया की रीति, विधि या ढंग का बोध हो, वे रीतिवाचक क्रिया-विशेषण कहलाते हैं।
जैसे- अचानक, सहसा, एकाएक, सुखपूर्वक, शांतिपूर्वक, ध्यानपूर्वक, फटाफट, तेज आदि।
उदाहरण - कछुआ मंद-मंद गति से चल रहा है।

Important Pointsअर्थ के आधार पर क्रिया-विशेषण के भेद-

स्थानवाचक क्रिया-विशेषण
कालवाचक क्रिया-विशेषण
परिमाणवाचक क्रिया-विशेषण
रीतिवाचक क्रिया-विशेषण

Additional Information

क्रियाविशेषण	परिभाषा	उदाहरण
स्थानवाचक	क्रिया के स्थान या दिशा का बोध कराने वाले शब्द।	यहाँ, वहाँ, सर्वत्र, ऊपर, नीचे। वाक्य - तुम वहाँ बैठो।
कालवाचक	क्रिया के समय या काल का बोध कराने वाले शब्द।	आज, कल, परसों, अभी, सदा। वाक्य - वह कल आएगा।
परिमाणवाचक	क्रिया की मात्रा या तीव्रता का बोध कराने वाले शब्द।	बहुत, थोड़ा, कम, पर्याप्त, अधिक। वाक्य - वह ज्यादा बोलता है।

Question 5

नीचे एक अशुद्ध वाक्य दिया गया है, उसका शुद्ध रूप दिए गए विकल्पों में से चुनिए-

उसने कहा की मैं नहीं आ सकता।

AOption (a)
उनने कहा की मैं नहीं आ सकता।
BOption (b)
उसने कहा कि मैं नहीं आ सकता।
COption (c)
उसने कहा की मै नहीं आ सकता।
DOption (d)
उसने कहा की मैं नही आ सकता।

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

उसने कहा कि मैं नहीं आ सकता।

Why this answer is correct

सही उत्तर है- उसने कहा कि मैं नहीं आ सकता।

Key Points

'उसने कहा कि मैं नहीं आ सकता।' वाक्य शुद्ध है क्योंकि इसमें समुच्चयबोधक अव्यय 'कि' का सही प्रयोग किया गया है।
वाक्य शुद्धि का अर्थ वाक्य को व्याकरण के नियमों के अनुसार शुद्ध एवं सार्थक रूप में व्यवस्थित करना है।
उदाहरण 1: 'उसने बताया कि वह कल दिल्ली जाएगा।'
उदाहरण 2: 'गांधी जी ने कहा कि सत्य ही ईश्वर है।'

अन्य विकल्प -

विकल्प	विग्रह/अर्थ	अशुद्धि का प्रकार
उनने कहा की मैं नहीं आ सकता।	'उनने' का अनुचित प्रयोग; 'की' का प्रयोग गलत।	सर्वनाम और अव्यय संबंधी
उसने कहा की मै नहीं आ सकता।	'की' के स्थान पर 'कि' और 'मै' के स्थान पर 'मैं' होगा।	वर्तनी और अव्यय संबंधी
उसने कहा की मैं नही आ सकता।	'नही' के स्थान पर 'नहीं' और 'की' के स्थान पर 'कि' होगा।	वर्तनी और अव्यय संबंधी

Important Pointsवाक्य अशुद्धि के मुख्य भेद-

अव्यय संबंधी अशुद्धि
वर्तनी संबंधी अशुद्धि
सर्वनाम संबंधी अशुद्धि
विराम-चिह्न संबंधी अशुद्धि

Additional Information

प्रकार/भेद	परिभाषा	उदाहरण
अव्यय संबंधी	जहाँ वाक्यों में अनुचित अव्यय शब्दों का प्रयोग किया जाता है।	वह बोला की मैं जाऊँगा। → वह बोला कि मैं जाऊँगा। यह राम की किताब है। (यहाँ 'की' संबंध कारक है)
वर्तनी संबंधी	शब्दों के लिखने के ढंग या मात्राओं में होने वाली त्रुटि।	मै घर जा रहा हूँ। → मैं घर जा रहा हूँ। वह नही आया। → वह नहीं आया।

Question 6

नीचे एक अशुद्ध वाक्य दिया गया है, उसका शुद्ध रूप दिए गए विकल्पों में से चुनिए-

मुझे इस आदमी का पता मालुम नहीं है।

AOption (a)
मुझे इस अदमी का पता मालुम नहीं है।
BOption (b)
मूझे इस आदमी का पता मालुम नहीं है।
COption (c)
मुझे इस आदमी से पता मालुम नहीं है।
DOption (d)
मुझे इस आदमी का पता मालूम नहीं है।

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

मुझे इस आदमी का पता मालूम नहीं है।

Why this answer is correct

सही उत्तर है- मुझे इस आदमी का पता मालूम नहीं है।

Key Points

'मुझे इस आदमी का पता मालूम नहीं है।' वाक्य शुद्ध है क्योंकि इसमें वर्तनी और व्याकरण का सही प्रयोग किया गया है।
वाक्य शुद्धि का अर्थ वाक्य को व्याकरण के नियमों के अनुसार शुद्ध एवं सार्थक रूप में व्यवस्थित करना है।
उदाहरण 1: 'उसे वर्तनी का ज्ञान नहीं है।'
उदाहरण 2: 'उसे अपनी गलती मालूम हो गई है।'

अन्य विकल्प -

विकल्प	विग्रह/अर्थ	अशुद्धि का प्रकार
मुझे इस अदमी का पता मालुम नहीं है।	'अदमी' और 'मालुम' गलत हैं; शुद्ध रूप 'आदमी' और 'मालूम' होगा।	वर्तनी संबंधी अशुद्धि
मूझे इस आदमी का पता मालुम नहीं है।	'मूझे' और 'मालुम' गलत हैं; शुद्ध रूप 'मुझे' और 'मालूम' होगा।	वर्तनी संबंधी अशुद्धि
मुझे इस आदमी से पता मालुम नहीं है।	'से' कारक गलत है और 'मालुम' की वर्तनी अशुद्ध है।	कारक एवं वर्तनी संबंधी अशुद्धि

Important Pointsवाक्य अशुद्धि के मुख्य भेद-

वर्तनी संबंधी अशुद्धि
कारक संबंधी अशुद्धि
शब्द-ज्ञान संबंधी अशुद्धि

Additional Information

प्रकार/भेद	परिभाषा	उदाहरण
वर्तनी संबंधी अशुद्धि	जब वाक्य में शब्दों के वर्णों या मात्राओं का प्रयोग अशुद्ध होता है।	आशिर्वाद → आशीर्वाद उज्वल → उज्ज्वल
कारक संबंधी अशुद्धि	वाक्य में संज्ञा/सर्वनाम के साथ गलत विभक्ति चिह्न का प्रयोग करना।	तेरे को कहाँ जाना है? → तुझे कहाँ जाना है? पेड़ में फल लगे हैं। → पेड़ पर फल लगे हैं।

Question 7

नीचे दी गई लोकोक्ति का अर्थ दिए गए विकल्पों में से चुनिए-

भागते भूत की लँगोटी ही सही

AOption (a)
भूत भगाने से भी कोई फायदा नहीं।
BOption (b)
रूठने से अपना ही नुकसान होता है
COption (c)
कुछ भी मिलने की आशा न हो और कुछ मिल ही जाए
DOption (d)
जब सब कुछ चला जाए तो भागने से कोई फायदा नहीं

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

कुछ भी मिलने की आशा न हो और कुछ मिल ही जाए

Why this answer is correct

सही उत्तर है - कुछ भी मिलने की आशा न हो और कुछ मिल ही जाए

Key Points

'भागते भूत की लँगोटी ही सही' का अर्थ/भाव - कुछ भी मिलने की आशा न हो और कुछ मिल ही जाए (जाती हुई वस्तु में से जो कुछ मिल जाए, वही लाभ है)।
प्रयोग - उधार दिए पैसे डूब रहे थे, पर मोहन ने बड़ी मुश्किल से दो हजार वापस किए; चलो भागते भूत की लँगोटी ही सही।
लोकोक्ति - लोक-अनुभव, शिक्षा या सत्य को व्यक्त करने वाली प्रचलित पूर्ण उक्ति को लोकोक्ति कहते हैं।
उदाहरण - 'अधजल गगरी छलकत जाए' का भावार्थ - ओछा व्यक्ति अधिक प्रदर्शन करता है। प्रयोग - थोड़ा धन पाते ही श्याम अभिमानी हो गया है, इसे कहते हैं अधजल गगरी छलकत जाए।

अन्य विकल्प-

विकल्प	अर्थ	वाक्य प्रयोग/परिस्थिति
भूत भगाने से भी कोई फायदा नहीं	किसी व्यर्थ कार्य में समय गँवाना	जो समस्या जड़ से खत्म नहीं हो सकती, उस पर ऊर्जा व्यर्थ करना।
रूठने से अपना ही नुकसान होता है	अकारण नाराजगी से स्वयं की हानि होना	नौकरी छोड़ कर घर बैठना केवल स्वयं को संकट में डालना है।
जब सब कुछ चला जाए तो भागने से कोई फायदा नहीं	अवसर निकल जाने के बाद प्रयास व्यर्थ होना	जब फसल ही सूख गई, तब वर्षा का क्या लाभ?

Additional Information

मुहावरा/लोकोक्ति	अर्थ	वाक्य प्रयोग
अंधों में काना राजा	मूर्खों में अल्पज्ञानी का सम्मान होना	गाँव में किसी को अंग्रेजी नहीं आती, सो रामू ही अंधों में काना राजा बना है।
एक और एक ग्यारह होना	संगठन में शक्ति होना	यदि हम मिलकर कार्य करें, तो एक और एक ग्यारह होकर सफलता पा लेंगे।
ऊँट के मुँह में जीरा	आवश्यकता से बहुत कम मिलना	पहलवान को दो चपाती देना तो ऊँट के मुँह में जीरा देने जैसा है।
नौ नकद न तेरह उधार	नकद का लेन-देन उधार से बेहतर है	दुकानदार हमेशा नौ नकद न तेरह उधार की नीति अपनाते हैं।
होनहार बिरवान के होत चीकने पात	प्रतिभा बचपन से ही दिखने लगती है	सचिन ने बचपन में ही अपनी बल्लेबाजी से सिद्ध कर दिया कि होनहार बिरवान के होत चीकने पात।

Question 8

नीचे दिए गए वाक्य को ध्यानपूर्वक पढ़िए और रिक्त स्थान को उचित यौगिक क्रियाविशेषण द्वारा पूरा कीजिए-

वह _______ मेहनत करता है।

AOption (a)
अथक
BOption (b)
कितनी
COption (c)
दिन-रात
DOption (d)
बहुत

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

दिन-रात

Why this answer is correct

सही उत्तर - दिन-रात।

Key Points

'वह दिन-रात मेहनत करता है।' में दिन-रात कालवाचक क्रिया-विशेषण है। यह क्रिया (मेहनत करना) के समय (निरंतरता/काल) का बोध कराता है।
जिन अविकारी शब्दों से क्रिया के समय या काल का बोध हो, वे कालवाचक क्रिया-विशेषण कहलाते हैं। यह यौगिक श्रेणी में आता है क्योंकि यह दो शब्दों के मेल से बना है।
जैसे- आज, कल, अभी, तुरंत, सदा, बार-बार, प्रतिदिन, कल-परसों, सुबह-शाम आदि।
उदाहरण - वह प्रतिदिन कसरत करता है।

Important Pointsअर्थ के आधार पर क्रिया-विशेषण के भेद-

स्थानवाचक क्रिया-विशेषण।
कालवाचक क्रिया-विशेषण।
परिमाणवाचक क्रिया-विशेषण।
रीतिवाचक क्रिया-विशेषण।

Additional Information

क्रियाविशेषण	परिभाषा	उदाहरण
स्थानवाचक	क्रिया के स्थान या दिशा का बोध।	भीतर, बाहर, यहाँ, वहाँ, ऊपर, नीचे। वाक्य - तुम अंदर बैठो।
परिमाणवाचक	क्रिया की मात्रा या परिमाण का बोध।	थोड़ा, बहुत, कम, अधिक, पर्याप्त। वाक्य - वह कम बोलता है।
रीतिवाचक	क्रिया के होने के ढंग या रीति का बोध।	धीरे, तेज, सहसा, ध्यानपूर्वक, अचानक। वाक्य - गाड़ी तेज चलती है।

Question 9

‘कार्य की इच्छा’ वाक्यांश के लिए एक सार्थक शब्द होगा –

AOption (a)
लिप्सा
BOption (b)
चिकीर्षा
COption (c)
जिगीषा
DOption (d)
बुभुक्षा

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

चिकीर्षा

Why this answer is correct

‘कार्य की इच्छा’ वाक्यांश के लिए सार्थक शब्द है - चिकीर्षा।

Key Points

किसी कार्य को करने की इच्छा के लिए चिकीर्षा शब्द का प्रयोग किया जाता है।
यह शब्द ‘कृ’ धातु से बना है, जिसका अर्थ कर्म या कार्य की प्रवृत्ति से है।
अनेक शब्दों के स्थान पर एक सार्थक शब्द का प्रयोग भाषा को संक्षिप्त, प्रभावशाली और सुगठित बनाता है।

अन्य विकल्प-

वाक्यांश	शब्द
लाभ प्राप्त करने की इच्छा	लिप्सा
जीतने की इच्छा	जिगीषा
खाने की इच्छा	बुभुक्षा

Additional Informationकुछ महत्वपूर्ण वाक्यांश के लिए एक शब्द -

वाक्यांश	एक शब्द
मोक्ष पाने की इच्छा	मुमुक्षा
जानने की इच्छा	जिज्ञासा
तैरने की इच्छा	तितीर्षा
मार डालने की इच्छा	जिघांसा
युद्ध करने की इच्छा	युयुत्सा
सृजन करने की इच्छा	सिसृक्षा
भोजन करने की इच्छा	जिघत्सा
किसी को वश में करने की इच्छा	अजीगीषा

Question 10

सर्वोचित क्रिया-विशेषण शब्द से दिये गये वाक्य का रिक्त स्थान पूर्ण करें--

तुम ............. मेरे घर के सामने आकर खड़े हो गये।

AOption (a)
लगभग
BOption (b)
अचानक
COption (c)
परस्पर
DOption (d)
प्रत्युत

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

अचानक

Why this answer is correct

'अचानक' वाक्य उदाहरण है: रीतिवाचक क्रिया-विशेषण का

Key Points

'तुम अचानक मेरे घर के सामने आकर खड़े हो गये' में अचानक रीतिवाचक क्रिया-विशेषण है। यह क्रिया (खड़े हो गये) के होने की रीति या विधि का बोध कराता है।
रीतिवाचक क्रिया-विशेषण: जिन अविकारी शब्दों से क्रिया की रीति, विधि या ढंग का बोध हो, वे रीतिवाचक क्रिया-विशेषण कहलाते हैं।
जैसे- धीरे-धीरे, सहसा, एकाएक, यथाशक्ति, फटाफट, जरूर, शायद, सुखपूर्वक, यथाक्रम आदि।
उदाहरण - कछुआ धीरे-धीरे चलता है।

Important Pointsअर्थ के आधार पर क्रिया-विशेषण के भेद-

स्थानवाचक क्रिया-विशेषण
कालवाचक क्रिया-विशेषण
परिमाणवाचक क्रिया-विशेषण
रीतिवाचक क्रिया-विशेषण

Additional Information

क्रियाविशेषण	परिभाषा	उदाहरण
स्थानवाचक	क्रिया के स्थान या दिशा का बोध कराने वाले शब्द।	भीतर, बाहर, यहाँ, वहाँ, ऊपर, नीचे। वाक्य - तुम अंदर बैठो।
कालवाचक	क्रिया के समय या काल का बोध कराने वाले शब्द।	आज, कल, अभी, प्रतिदिन, परसों, रोज। वाक्य - वह कल आएगा।
परिमाणवाचक	क्रिया की मात्रा या परिमाण का बोध कराने वाले शब्द।	बहुत, थोड़ा, कम, पर्याप्त, अधिक, ज्यादा। वाक्य - कम बोलो।

Question 11

सर्वोचित कारक शब्द से दिये गये वाक्य का रिक्त स्थान पूर्ण करें--

ईमानदारी ही जीवन ....... सबसे अच्छी नीति होती है।

AOption (a)
से
BOption (b)
में
COption (c)
के
DOption (d)
पर

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

में

Why this answer is correct

इसका सही उत्तर "में" है।

Key Points

वाक्य विश्लेषण के अनुसार:

दिए गए वाक्य 'ईमानदारी ही जीवन ....... सबसे अच्छी नीति होती है' में रिक्त स्थान के लिए सबसे उपयुक्त कारक 'में' है।
'में' एक अधिकरण कारक की विभक्ति है, जो आधार, स्थान या अवसर का बोध कराती है।
पूर्ण वाक्य: 'ईमानदारी ही जीवन में सबसे अच्छी नीति होती है।' यह वाक्य यह दर्शाता है कि जीवन के क्षेत्र के भीतर ईमानदारी सर्वोत्तम नीति है।

Additional Information अन्य विकल्प:

से -

यह करण या अपादान कारक की विभक्ति है। इसका प्रयोग अलगाव या साधन के संदर्भ में होता है, जो यहाँ अर्थहीन है।

के -

यह संबंध कारक की विभक्ति है। यदि यहाँ 'जीवन की' होता तो संबंध स्थापित हो सकता था, लेकिन 'जीवन के' व्याकरण की दृष्टि से इस वाक्य में फिट नहीं बैठता।

पर -

यह भी अधिकरण कारक है, लेकिन इसका प्रयोग 'ऊपर' के भाव में होता है। 'जीवन पर' यहाँ भावपूर्ण अर्थ स्पष्ट नहीं करता है।

Question 12

'आँख की किरकिरी होना' मुहावरे का सही अर्थ है-

AOption (a)
आँख में धूल होना
BOption (b)
अत्यंत मूर्ख
COption (c)
प्रिय लगना
DOption (d)
अप्रिय लगना

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

अप्रिय लगना

Why this answer is correct

सही उत्तर है - अप्रिय लगना

Key Points

'आँख की किरकिरी होना' का अर्थ - अप्रिय लगना या कष्टदायक होना।
वाक्य प्रयोग - मोहन अपनी बुरी आदतों के कारण अपने ही परिवार की आँख की किरकिरी बन गया है।
मुहावरा - ऐसे रूढ़ वाक्यांश जो सामान्य अर्थ के स्थान पर विशेष अर्थ प्रकट करते हैं, मुहावरे कहलाते हैं। ये स्वतंत्र वाक्य नहीं होते बल्कि वाक्य के अंग होते हैं।
उदाहरण - 'आँखों का तारा' का अर्थ - बहुत प्यारा होना। वाक्य प्रयोग - राम अपनी माता की आँखों का तारा है।

अन्य विकल्प-

मुहावरा	अर्थ	वाक्य प्रयोग
आँख में धूल झोंकना	धोखा देना	ठग पुलिस की आँख में धूल झोंककर भाग गया।
अक्ल का दुश्मन	अत्यंत मूर्ख	तुम तो पूरे अक्ल के दुश्मन निकले।
आँख बिछाना	अत्यंत प्रेम से स्वागत करना	वह अपने मित्र के लि�� आँखें बिछाए बैठा है।

Additional Information

मुहावरा/लोकोक्ति	अर्थ	वाक्य प्रयोग
अंधे की लकड़ी	एकमात्र सहारा	श्रवण कुमार अपने माता-पिता के लिए अंधे की लकड़ी थे।
दाँतों तले उँगली दबाना	आश्चर्यचकित होना	जादू देखकर सबने दाँतों तले उँगली दबा ली।
गागर में सागर भरना	कम शब्दों में बहुत कुछ कहना	बिहारी ने अपने दोहों में गागर में सागर भर दिया है।
अधजल गगरी छलकत जाए	ओछा व्यक्ति अधिक दिखावा करता है	कम ज्ञान होने पर भी वह पंडित बन रहा था, इसे कहते हैं अधजल गगरी छलकत जाए।
नाक कट जाना	इज्जत जाना	चोरी में पकड़े जाने पर उसकी नाक कट गई।
नौ दो ग्यारह होना	भाग जाना	बिल्ली को देखते ही चूहा नौ दो ग्यारह हो गया।

Question 13

निम्नलिखित वाक्य में रेखांकित शब्द के विलोम का चयन कीजिए।

संगीत शिक्षक ने बच्चों को सरगम के ‘आरोह’ के अभ्यास के लिए निर्देश दिया।

AOption (a)
सुर
BOption (b)
अवरोध
COption (c)
अवरोह
DOption (d)
ताल

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

अवरोह

Why this answer is correct

आरोह का सही उत्तर है: अवरोह

Key Points

'आरोह' का समानार्थी शब्द 'चढ़ाव' है।
'आरोह' का विलोम शब्द 'अवरोह' है।
'आरोह' का अर्थ — ऊपर की ओर जाना या बढ़ना (विशेषकर संगीत के स्वरों का चढ़ाव)।
'अवरोह' का अर्थ — ऊपर से नीचे की ओर आना (विशेषकर संगीत के स्वरों का उतार)।
विलोम - जो शब्द किसी शब्द के विपरीत अर्थ को व्यक्त करते हैं, वे विलोम शब्द कहलाते हैं।

अन्य विकल्प-

शब्द	विलोम
सुर	असुर
अवरोध	अनवरोध
ताल	बेताल

Additional Information कुछ अन्य महत्वपूर्ण विलोम शब्द -

शब्द	विलोम
आयात	निर्यात
सगुण	निर्गुण
उदय	अस्त
हर्ष	शोक
प्रत्यक्ष	परोक्ष
आस्तिक	नास्तिक
आकर्षण	विकर्षण
विमुख	उन्मुख
तरुण	वृद्ध
संयोग	वियोग

Question 14

निम्नलिखित वाक्य की पूर्ति उचित क्रिया-विशेषण शब्द से कीजिए।

विपरीत परिस्थितियों, सामाजिक दबाव और व्यक्तिगत संकटों के बीच भी उसने अपनी जिम्मेदारियों को ______निभाया।

AOption (a)
कम
BOption (b)
तेज-तेज
COption (c)
यहाँ
DOption (d)
ईमानदारी से

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

ईमानदारी से

Why this answer is correct

सही उत्तर - ईमानदारी से।

Key Points

प्रस्तुत वाक्य में ईमानदारी से शब्द रीतिवाचक क्रिया-विशेषण है। यह क्रिया (निभाया) के होने की रीति या ढंग का बोध कराता है कि जिम्मेदारी कैसे निभाई गई।
जिन अविकारी शब्दों से क्रिया की रीति, विधि या ढंग का बोध हो, वे रीतिवाचक क्रिया-विशेषण कहलाते हैं।
जैसे- अचानक, ध्यानपूर्वक, सुखपूर्वक, यथाशक्ति, सुखेन, फटाफट, शांतिपूर्वक, मेहनत से आदि।
उदाहरण - उसने सभी कार्य सावधानीपूर्वक संपन्न किए।

Important Pointsअर्थ के आधार पर क्रिया-विशेषण के भेद-

स्थानवाचक क्रिया-विशेषण।
कालवाचक क्रिया-विशेषण।
परिमाणवाचक क्रिया-विशेषण।
रीतिवाचक क्रिया-विशेषण।

Additional Information

क्रियाविशेषण	परिभाषा	उदाहरण
स्थानवाचक	जिससे क्रिया के स्थान या दिशा का बोध हो।	वहाँ, भीतर, ऊपर, बाहर, इधर, सर्वत्र। वाक्य - बच्चे बाहर खेल रहे हैं।
कालवाचक	जिससे क्रिया के समय या काल का बोध हो।	आज, कल, परसों, अभी, सदा, प्रतिदिन। वाक्य - वह प्रतिदिन व्यायाम करता है।
परिमाणवाचक	जिससे क्रिया की मात्रा या तीव्रता का बोध हो।	बहुत, थोड़ा, पर्याप्त, अत्यंत, न्यून। वाक्य - वह बहुत बोलता है।

Question 15

‘जिसे ज्ञान प्राप्त करने की प्यास हो’-वाक्यांश के लिए एक सार्थक शब्द क्या है?

AOption (a)
जिज्ञासु
BOption (b)
ज्ञानालय
COption (c)
ज्ञानमय
DOption (d)
ज्ञानपिपासु

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

ज्ञानपिपासु

Why this answer is correct

‘जिसे ज्ञान प्राप्त करने की प्यास हो’ वाक्यांश के लिए सार्थक शब्द है - ज्ञानपिपासु।

Key Points

वाक्यांश ‘जिसे ज्ञान प्राप्त करने की प्यास हो’ के लिए सबसे उपयुक्त शब्द ज्ञानपिपासु है।
ज्ञानपिपासु शब्द दो शब्दों के मेल से बना है: ज्ञान + पिपासु (प्यास रखने वाला), जिसका अर्थ है वह व्यक्ति जो सदैव नया ज्ञान सीखने के लिए लालायित रहता है।
भाषा को अधिक प्रभावशाली और संक्षिप्त बनाने के लिए अनेक शब्दों के स्थान पर एक सार्थक शब्द का प्रयोग किया जाता है जिसे वाक्यांश के लिए एक शब्द कहते हैं।

अन्य विकल्प-

वाक्यांश	शब्द
किसी भी विषय को जानने की इच्छा रखने वाला	जिज्ञासु
ज्ञान का घर या स्थान	ज्ञानालय
जो पूर्ण रूप से ज्ञान से भरा हुआ हो	ज्ञानमय

Additional Informationकुछ महत्वपूर्ण वाक्यांश के लिए एक शब्द -

वाक्यांश	एक शब्द
मोक्ष प्राप्त करने की इच्छा रखने वाला	मुमुक्षु
जो सब कुछ जानता हो	सर्वज्ञ
जीतने की प्रबल इच्छा	जिगीषा
जो बहुत कम बोलता हो	मितभाषी
उपकार को मानने वाला	कृतज्ञ
जो शास्त्र का ज्ञाता हो	शास्त्रज्ञ
जिसे भेदा न जा सके	अभेद्य
सहन करने की शक्ति रखने वाला	सहिष्णु

Hindi 2 (10 questions)

Question 16

'चटिका ' शब्द का तद्भव रूप है-

AOption (a)
चिड़िया
BOption (b)
चना
COption (c)
चख
DOption (d)
चूमना

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

चिड़िया

Why this answer is correct

'चटिका' का तद्भव रूप है- चिड़िया।

Key Points

'चटिका' एक तत्सम शब्द है, जबकि इसका तद्भव रूप 'चिड़िया' है।
तत्सम - संस्कृत से बिना या लगभग बिना रूप-परिवर्तन के हिंदी में आए शब्द तत्सम कहलाते हैं।
जैसे- अग्नि, दुग्ध, हस्त
तद्भव - संस्कृत मूल से समय के साथ ध्वनि/रूप परिवर्तन द्वारा विकसित शब्द तद्भव कहलाते हैं।
जैसे- आग, दूध, हाथ

अन्य विकल्प-

चना: यह तद्भव शब्द है। इसका तत्सम रूप 'चणक' है।
चख: यह तद्भव शब्द है। इसका तत्सम रूप 'चक्षु' है।
चूमना: यह तद्भव शब्द है। इसका तत्सम रूप 'चुम्बन' है।

Additional Information

कुछ महत्वपूर्ण तत्सम और तद्भव शब्द -

तत्सम	तद्भव
मक्षिका	मक्खी
कपोत	कबूतर
कोकिल	कोयल
व्याघ्र	बाघ
वृश्चिक	बिच्छू
गर्दभ	गधा
मयूर	मोर
वानर	बंदर
हस्ति	हाथी
शुक	तोता

Question 17

नीचे दिए गए विकल्पों में से तद्भव शब्द पहचानिए।

AOption (a)
जंघा
BOption (b)
ज्ञान
COption (c)
दर
DOption (d)
डाह

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

डाह

Why this answer is correct

तद्भव शब्द है- डाह

Key Points

'डाह' एक तद्भव शब्द है, जबकि इसका तत्सम रूप 'दाह' है।
तत्सम - संस्कृत से बिना या लगभग बिना रूप-परिवर्तन के हिंदी में आए शब्द तत्सम कहलाते हैं।
जैसे- अग्नि, वायु, सूर्य
तद्भव - संस्कृत मूल से समय के साथ ध्वनि/रूप परिवर्तन द्वारा विकसित शब्द तद्भव कहलाते हैं।
जैसे- आग, हवा, सूरज

अन्य विकल्प-

जंघा: यह तत्सम शब्द है। इसका तद्भव रूप 'जाँघ' है।
ज्ञान: यह तत्सम शब्द है। इसका तद्भव रूप 'जान' (जानना के अर्थ में) होता है।
दर: यह विदेशज शब्द है और फारसी भाषा से हिंदी में आया है।

Additional Information

कुछ महत्वपूर्ण तत्सम और तद्भव शब्द -

तत्सम	तद्भव
दंष्ट्रा	दाढ़
श्रृंग	सींग
अट्टालिका	अटारी
क्षेत्र	खेत
कर्पूर	कपूर
क्षीर	खीर
विद्युत	बिजली
मस्तक	माथा
कोकिल	कोयल

Question 18

‘सारंग’ का अनेकार्थी शब्द है?

AOption (a)
रंग
BOption (b)
कोयल
COption (c)
कामदेव
DOption (d)
हाथी

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

कोयल

Why this answer is correct

'सारंग' का अनेकार्थी है- कोयल

Key Points

'सारंग' के प्रमुख अनेकार्थ - कोयल, मोर, सर्प, सिंह, हरिण, पपीहा, राजहंस, हाथी, कमल, धनुष, बादल आदि।
अनेकार्थी शब्द - ऐसे शब्द जिनके एक से अधिक अर्थ होते हैं, अनेकार्थी शब्द कहलाते हैं।

अन्य विकल्प -

शब्द	अनेकार्थी शब्द
रंग	वर्ण, दशा, शोभा, रूप, राग, अभिनय
कामदेव	मदन, अनंग, कंदर्भ, पंचशर, प्रद्युम्न
हाथी	गज, मतंग, कुंजर, द्विप, हस्ती

Additional Informationकुछ अन्य महत्वपूर्ण अनेकार्थी शब्द :-

शब्द	अनेकार्थी शब्द
अंक	संख्या, गोद, नाटक का अध्याय, चिह्न
कनक	सोना, धतूरा, गेहूं, पलाश
कर	हाथ, टैक्स, किरण, सूंड
गुरु	शिक्षक, श्रेष्ठ, भारी, बड़ा
द्विज	पक्षी, ब्राह्मण, दांत, चंद्रमा
हरि	विष्णु, बंदर, सिंह, सूर्य, सर्प
पानी	जल, चमक, इज्जत, लज्जा

Question 19

निम्नलिखित विकल्पों में से सूचिका का तद्भव शब्द पहचानें।

AOption (a)
सेंध
BOption (b)
सूची
COption (c)
सुई
DOption (d)
सूचना

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

सुई

Why this answer is correct

'[सूचिका]' का तद्भव रूप है- सुई

Key Points

'सुई' एक तद्भव शब्द है, जबकि इसका तत्सम रूप 'सूचिका' है।
तत्सम - संस्कृत से बिना या लगभग बिना रूप-परिवर्तन के हिंदी में आए शब्द तत्सम कहलाते हैं।
जैसे- दुग्ध, अग्नि, पुष्प
तद्भव - संस्कृत मूल से समय के साथ ध्वनि/रूप परिवर्तन द्वारा विकसित शब्द तद्भव कहलाते हैं।
जैसे- दूध, आग, फूल

अन्य विकल्प-

सेंध: यह तद्भव शब्द है। इसका तत्सम रूप 'सन्धि' है।
सूची: यह एक तत्सम शब्द है, जो अक्सर नामिका या तालिका के अर्थ में प्रयुक्त होता है।
सूचना: यह एक तत्सम शब्द है, जो जानकारी देने के संदर्भ में प्रयुक्त होता है।

Additional Information

कुछ महत्वपूर्ण तत्सम और तद्भव शब्द -

तत्सम	तद्भव
कर्पूर	कपूर
मक्षिका	मक्खी
कर्ण	कान
हस्त	हाथ
कोकिल	कोयल
अश्रु	आँसू
शर्करा	शक्कर
मयूर	मोर
घृत	घी
नक्षत्र	नखत

Question 20

'ईमान की बात कहना' मुहावरे का सही अर्थ होगा -

AOption (a)
दीवाल बनाना
BOption (b)
सच -सच कहना
COption (c)
धर्म भाव दृढ़ न होना
DOption (d)
बेईमानी करना

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

सच -सच कहना

Why this answer is correct

सही उत्तर है - सच -सच कहना

Key Points

'ईमान की बात कहना' का अर्थ - सच-सच कहना या निष्पक्ष होकर सत्य बोलना।
वाक्य प्रयोग - चाहे परिणाम कुछ भी हो, मैं तो सबके सामने ईमान की बात कहूँगा।
मुहावरा - ऐसे रूढ़ वाक्यांश जो सामान्य अर्थ के स्थान पर विशेष अर्थ प्रकट करते हैं, मुहावरे कहलाते हैं। ये स्वतंत्र वाक्य न होकर वाक्य का अंश होते हैं।
उदाहरण - 'दूध का दूध पानी का पानी करना' का अर्थ - सच्चा न्याय करना। वाक्य प्रयोग - न्यायाधीश ने अपना फैसला सुनाकर दूध का दूध और पानी का पानी कर दिया।

अन्य विकल्प-

मुहावरा	अर्थ	वाक्य प्रयोग
दीवाल बनाना	बाधा उत्पन्न करना	उसने मेरे काम के बीच दीवाल बना दी।
ईमान डोलना	धर्म भाव दृढ़ न होना	लालच देखते ही उसका ईमान डोल गया।
आँखों में धूल झोंकना	बेईमानी/धोखा देना	ठग सबकी आँखों में धूल झोंककर भाग गया।

Additional Information

मुहावरा/लोकोक्ति	अर्थ/भावार्थ	वाक्य प्रयोग
आँखें फेर लेना	प्रतिकूल होना	बुरा वक्त आते ही अपनों ने आँखें फेर लीं।
साँच को आँच नहीं	सत्य को डरने की जरूरत नहीं	तुम डरो मत, क्योंकि साँच को आँच नहीं होती।
आसमान सिर पर उठाना	बहुत शोर करना	अध्यापक के जाते ही बच्चों ने आसमान सिर पर उठा लिया।
अँगूठा दिखाना	वक्त पर मना कर देना	मदद के समय उसने मुझे अँगूठा दिखा दिया।
पापड़ बेलना	कठिन परिश्रम करना	नौकरी पाने के लिए उसने बहुत पापड़ बेले हैं।
गागर में सागर भरना	कम शब्दों में बड़ी बात कहना	बिहारी ने अपने दोहों में गागर में सागर भर दिया है।

नीचे दिए गद्यांश को पढ़कर पूछे गए प्रश्नों के उत्तर दीजिए।

"हिन्दी साहित्य हमारे समाज का जीवंत दर्पण है। यह केवल शब्दों का संग्रह नहीं, बल्कि हमारी गौरवशाली संस्कृति और उच्च परंपराओं का संवाहक है। आदिकाल से लेकर आधुनिक काल तक, साहित्यकारों ने अपनी लेखनी से समाज को नई दिशा प्रदान की है। जहाँ कबीर और तुलसीदास जैसे भक्त कवियों ने समाज में भक्ति और नैतिकता का मार्ग प्रशस्त किया, वहीं मुंशी प्रेमचंद जैसे महान कथाकारों ने सामान्य जन की पीड़ा और सामाजिक कुरीतियों को अपनी कहानियों का आधार बनाया। साहित्य मनुष्य के भीतर संवेदना और मानवता के भाव को जीवित रखता है। जिस राष्ट्र का साहित्य समृद्ध होता है, उसकी पहचान विश्व में सदैव अडिग रहती है। हमें अपने इस महान साहित्य का अध्ययन करना चाहिए, क्योंकि यह हमें अपनी जड़ों से जोड़े रखता है और हमारे भीतर उत्तम चरित्र का निर्माण करता है।"

Question 21

Based on Passage: View directions & passage

गद्यांश के अनुसार 'संवेदना' शब्द का क्या अर्थ है?

AOption (a)
दूसरों के सुख-दुख को महसूस करने का भाव
BOption (b)
किसी बात की जानकारी होना
COption (c)
केवल अपने बारे में सोचना
DOption (d)
बहुत अधिक क्रोध करना

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

दूसरों के सुख-दुख को महसूस करने का भाव

Why this answer is correct

इसका सही उत्तर "दूसरों के सुख-दुख को महसूस करने का भाव" है।

Key Points

गद्यांश के अनुसार:

गद्यांश में स्पष्ट उल्लेख है कि साहित्य मनुष्य के भीतर संवेदना और मानवता के भाव को जीवित रखता है।
'संवेदना' शब्द का अर्थ किसी दूसरे की पीड़ा, दुख या सुख को अपने हृदय में अनुभव करना होता है।
साहित्य के माध्यम से पाठक विभिन्न पात्रों की परिस्थितियों से जुड़ता है, जिससे उसमें सहानुभूति और संवेदनशीलता का विकास होता है।
इसलिए, गद्यांश के संदर्भ में इसका सही अर्थ दूसरों के सुख-दुख को महसूस करने का भाव है।

Additional Informationअन्य विकल्पों का विश्लेषण:

किसी बात की जानकारी होना -

इसे सामान्यतः 'ज्ञान' या 'सूचना' कहा जाता है, न कि संवेदना।

केवल अपने बारे में सोचना -

यह 'स्वार्थ' या 'आत्मकेंद्रित' होने का भाव है, जो संवेदना के विपरीत है।

बहुत अधिक क्रोध करना -

यह एक नकारात्मक आवेग है जिसे 'क्रोध' या 'कोप' कहा जाता है, इसका संवेदना से कोई सीधा संबंध नहीं है।

Question 22

Based on Passage: View directions & passage

गद्यांश में आए शब्द 'आधुनिक' का सही विलोम शब्द चुनिए।

AOption (a)
प्राचीन
BOption (b)
वर्तमान
COption (c)
नवीन
DOption (d)
नया

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

प्राचीन

Why this answer is correct

इसका सही उत्तर "प्राचीन" है।

Key Points

गद्यांश के अनुसार:

गद्यांश में 'आदिकाल' से लेकर 'आधुनिक काल' तक के साहित्य की चर्चा की गई है।
शब्द 'आधुनिक' का अर्थ होता है - जो वर्तमान समय का हो या नवीन हो।
व्याकरणिक दृष्टि से, 'आधुनिक' का सटीक विलोम (विपरीतार्थक) शब्द 'प्राचीन' होता है, जिसका अर्थ पुराना या बीते हुए समय का होता है।
इसलिए, सही उत्तर प्राचीन है।

Additional Information अन्य विकल्पों का विश्लेषण:

वर्तमान -

इसका अर्थ है 'जो अभी चल रहा है'। इसका विलोम शब्द 'भूत' या 'भविष्य' होता है।

नवीन -

इसका अर्थ है 'नया'। यह 'आधुनिक' का समानार्थी शब्द है, न कि विलोम। इसका विलोम 'प्राचीन' या 'पुरातन' होता है।

नया -

यह एक साधारण शब्द है जिसका अर्थ 'नवीन' होता है। इसका विलोम शब्द 'पुराना' होता है।

Question 23

Based on Passage: View directions & passage

गद्यांश में प्रयुक्त शब्द 'दर्पण' का सही पर्यायवाची शब्द कौन-सा है?

AOption (a)
आईना
BOption (b)
नयन
COption (c)
अंबर
DOption (d)
पावक

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

आईना

Why this answer is correct

इसका सही उत्तर "आईना" है।

Key Points

गद्यांश और व्याकरण के अनुसार:

गद्यांश की प्रथम पंक्ति में कहा गया है कि "हिन्दी साहित्य हमारे समाज का जीवंत दर्पण है।" यहाँ 'दर्पण' शब्द का प्रयोग उस वस्तु या माध्यम के लिए किया गया है जो किसी चीज़ का प्रतिबिंब या प्रतिरूप दिखाता है।
दर्पण के प्रमुख पर्यायवाची शब्द आईना, आरसी, मुकुर और शीशा होते हैं।
विकल्पों में दिया गया शब्द 'आईना', दर्पण का सबसे सटीक और प्रचलित समानार्थी शब्द है।
इसलिए, सही उत्तर आईना है।

Additional Information अन्य विकल्पों का अर्थ:

नयन -

इसका अर्थ आँख, लोचन, नेत्र या चक्षु होता है। यह देखने की इंद्रिय का बोध कराता है।

अंबर -

इसका अर्थ आकाश, नभ, गगन या व्योम होता है। इसके अलावा 'अंबर' का एक अर्थ 'वस्त्र' भी होता है।

पावक -

यह अग्नि का पर्यायवाची है। इसके अन्य समानार्थी शब्द आग, अनल और दहन हैं।

Question 24

Based on Passage: View directions & passage

उपर्युक्त गद्यांश के लिए सबसे सटीक शीर्षक क्या होगा?

AOption (a)
प्रेमचंद का कथा-साहित्य
BOption (b)
राष्ट्र की पहचान
COption (c)
हिन्दी साहित्य: समाज का दर्पण
DOption (d)
कबीर की साखियाँ

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

हिन्दी साहित्य: समाज का दर्पण

Why this answer is correct

इसका सही उत्तर "हिन्दी साहित्य: समाज का दर्पण" है।

गद्यांश के अनुसार:

गद्यांश की पहली ही पंक्ति में स्पष्ट किया गया है कि "हिन्दी साहित्य हमारे समाज का जीवंत दर्पण है।"
पूरे गद्यांश में हिन्दी साहित्य के महत्त्व, इसकी सांस्कृतिक भूमिका, समाज पर इसके प्रभाव और विभिन्न कालखंडों के साहित्यकारों के योगदान की चर्चा की गई है।
शीर्षक वही होता है जो पूरे गद्यांश के मुख्य भाव को समेटे हुए हो, और यहाँ साहित्य और समाज के अंतर्संबंधों को मुख्यता दी गई है।
अतः, 'हिन्दी साहित्य: समाज का दर्पण' इस गद्यांश के लिए सबसे उपयुक्त और सटीक शीर्षक है।

प्रेमचंद का कथा-साहित्य:

गद्यांश में प्रेमचंद का उल्लेख केवल एक उदाहरण के रूप में किया गया है, यह संपूर्ण गद्यांश का विषय नहीं है।

कबीर की साखियाँ:

कबीर का उल्लेख केवल भक्ति और नैतिकता के संदर्भ में किया गया है, अतः यह भी एक सीमित विषय है और शीर्षक के लिए अनुपयुक्त है।

Question 25

Based on Passage: View directions & passage

इस गद्यांश का मुख्य भाव (संदेश) क्या है?

AOption (a)
साहित्य समाज को सुधारता है और हमें अपनी संस्कृति से जोड़ता है।
BOption (b)
कबीर और तुलसी केवल कवि थे।
COption (c)
साहित्य का राष्ट्र से कोई संबंध नहीं होता।
DOption (d)
केवल कहानियाँ पढ़ना मनोरंजन के लिए ज़रूरी है।

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

साहित्य समाज को सुधारता है और हमें अपनी संस्कृति से जोड़ता है।

Why this answer is correct

इसका सही उत्तर "साहित्य समाज को सुधारता है और हमें अपनी संस्कृति से जोड़ता है।" है।

Key Points

गद्यांश के अनुसार:

गद्यांश में स्पष्ट रूप से उल्लेख किया गया है कि हिन्दी साहित्य हमारे समाज का जीवंत दर्पण है और यह हमारी गौरवशाली संस्कृति का संवाहक है।
लेखक के अनुसार, साहित्यकारों ने अपनी लेखनी से समाज को नई दिशा प्रदान की है और मनुष्य के भीतर संवेदना एवं मानवता के भाव को जीवित रखा है।
गद्यांश की अंतिम पंक्तियाँ बताती हैं कि साहित्य हमें अपनी जड़ों (संस्कृति) से जोड़े रखता है और उत्तम चरित्र का निर्माण करता है।
अतः, इस गद्यांश का मुख्य संदेश यह है कि साहित्य समाज में सुधार लाता है और हमें अपनी सांस्कृतिक विरासत से जोड़ता है।

Additional Information अन्य विकल्पों का विश्लेषण:

कबीर और तुलसी केवल कवि थे:

यह विकल्प संकुचित है। गद्यांश उन्हें भक्त कवियों के रूप में वर्णित करता है जिन्होंने समाज में भक्ति और नैतिकता का मार्ग प्रशस्त किया, न कि केवल कवि के रूप में।

साहित्य का राष्ट्र से कोई संबंध नहीं होता:

यह कथन गद्यांश के विपरीत है। गद्यांश कहता है कि जिस राष्ट्र का साहित्य समृद्ध होता है, उसकी पहचान विश्व में अडिग रहती है।

केवल कहानियाँ पढ़ना मनोरंजन के लिए ज़रूरी है:

गद्यांश साहित्य को मनोरंजन से कहीं ऊपर चरित्र निर्माण और सामाजिक कुरीतियों को दूर करने का साधन मानता है।

English 1 (15 questions)

Question 26

Choose the correctly spelt option to make the given sentence meaningful.

Their going to the museum tomorrow to see the new dinosaur exhibit.

AOption (a)
Thier going to the museum tomorrow to see the new dinosaur exhibit.
BOption (b)
There going to the museum tomorrow to see the new dinosaur exhibit.
COption (c)
They’re going to the museum tomorrow to see the new dinosaur exhibit.
DOption (d)
Their going to the museum tomorrow to see the new dinosaur exhibit.

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

They’re going to the museum tomorrow to see the new dinosaur exhibit.

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is They’re going to the museum tomorrow to see the new dinosaur exhibit..

Key Points

The sentence requires a contraction of the pronoun They and the helping verb are to function as the subject and verb of the sentence.
The word They’re is the shortened form of They are, which correctly fits the syntax of the sentence They are going....
The use of They’re acts as the subject-verb agreement necessary for the present continuous tense construction going to the museum.
The original sentence used Their, which is a possessive adjective and cannot function as a subject followed by a continuous verb.
The spelling They’re utilizes an apostrophe to replace the omitted letter a in are, distinguishing it from its homophones.

Additional Information

Homophones Confusion:
Their: This is a possessive determiner used to show ownership or belonging to a group of people (e.g., their books).
There: This is an adverb of place or an expletive pronoun used to indicate a location or the existence of something (e.g., Sit over there).
Thier: This is an incorrect spelling and does not exist in the English lexicon, often resulting from a misspelling of the i before e rule.

Question 27

Rearrange the following segments to form a coherent sentence. The first and last segments are fixed.

Visiting the museum with my family

A. atmosphere while listening to the

B. tourist guide explain the stories

C. was wonderful as we explored

D. fascinating exhibits in a calm

behind the ancient artifacts.

AOption (a)
BACD
BOption (b)
ACDB
COption (c)
CDAB
DOption (d)
DABC

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

CDAB

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is CDAB.

Key Points

The fixed opening segment is Visiting the museum with my family, which acts as the subject of the sentence. It requires a linking verb or an action to follow; segment C begins with was wonderful, which perfectly completes the initial thought. Hence, segment C is the first part of the rearrangement.
Segment C ends with as we explored, which naturally leads to an object that can be explored. Segment D provides fascinating exhibits, creating a logical transition. Hence, segment D follows segment C.
Segment D concludes with in a calm, which serves as an adjective requiring a noun to describe the environment. Segment A provides the word atmosphere, making it the next logical step. Hence, segment A follows segment D.
Segment A ends with the phrase while listening to the, which needs an agent or subject to listen to. Segment B identifies the tourist guide, completing the narrative flow before merging with the fixed closing segment. Hence, segment B is the final part of the rearrangement.
The final reconstructed sentence is: Visiting the museum with my family was wonderful as we explored fascinating exhibits in a calm atmosphere while listening to the tourist guide explain the stories behind the ancient artifacts.

Additional Information

Sentence Rearrangement Tips:
Identify the Subject-Verb-Object (SVO) structure to establish a primary link between segments.
Look for Articles (a, an, the) and Prepositions (in, with, to) at the end of segments, as they must be followed by Nouns or Noun Phrases.
Connect Adjectives to the Nouns they modify (e.g., calm modifies atmosphere).
Ensure the Conjunctions (while, as) are placed where they can logically join two Clausal structures.

Question 28

Select the most appropriate option to fill in the blanks.

There was _____ NASA scientist giving _____ hour-long lecture about _____ unique astronomical phenomenon.

AOption (a)
a; an; a
BOption (b)
an; a; an
COption (c)
an; an; a
DOption (d)
a; a; the

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

a; an; a

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is Option 1.

Key Points

The first blank precedes NASA. Although it starts with a consonant letter, it is pronounced with a consonant sound /n/, and scientist is a singular countable noun. However, the standard usage for the acronym NASA (pronounced as a word) follows the consonant sound rule, requiring the article a.
The second blank precedes hour-long. The word hour begins with a silent h and starts with a vowel sound /aʊər/. Therefore, the article an must be used.
The third blank precedes unique. While unique starts with the vowel letter u, it is pronounced with the semi-vowel consonant sound /j/ (as in "yoo-neek"). Thus, the article a is the correct choice.
The complete sequence that fits grammatically is a; an; a.

Therefore, the correct answer is a; an; a.

Correct Sentence: 'There was a NASA scientist giving an hour-long lecture about a unique astronomical phenomenon.'

Additional Information

Indefinite Articles (a/an): Used for non-specific singular countable nouns. The choice between a and an is determined by the sound of the following word, not just the spelling.
Vowel Sounds: Use an before words starting with sounds like /a/, /e/, /i/, /o/, /u/ (e.g., an apple, an honest man).
Consonant Sounds: Use a before words starting with consonant sounds (e.g., a university, a European, a one-eyed giant).

Question 29

Select the option which can be used as a one-word substitute for the highlighted group of words.

The whisper was so faint, it was something that could not be heard even from a few feet away.

AOption (a)
illegible
BOption (b)
inaudible
COption (c)
invisible
DOption (d)
inedible

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

inaudible

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is: inaudible.

Key Points

The highlighted group of words 'something that could not be heard' refers to a sound that is too quiet or faint to be perceived by the ear. (जो सुनाई न दे)
Example: The actor spoke in such a low voice that his lines were something that could not be heard by the audience.
'Inaudible' is the precise one-word substitute for something that is impossible to hear. (अश्रव्य)
Example: The high-pitched whistle was inaudible to humans but could be heard by dogs.
Therefore, the correct answer is- inaudible.

Therefore, the correct answer is: inaudible.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

Illegible (अपठनीय): Describing handwriting or print that is clear enough to be read.
Example: His handwriting is so messy that his signature is completely illegible.
Invisible (अदृश्य): Something that cannot be seen; not visible to the eye.
Example: Microorganisms are invisible to the naked eye and require a microscope to be seen.
Inedible (अखाद्य): Something that is not fit or safe to be eaten.
Example: The meat was burnt to a crisp, making it completely inedible.

Question 30

Fill in the blank with the most appropriate option.

Among all the animals in the jungle, the cheetah is the ___.

AOption (a)
fast
BOption (b)
fastest
COption (c)
faster
DOption (d)
speedy

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

fastest

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is 'fastest'.

Key Points

The sentence requires the superlative degree of the adjective 'fast' because the comparison is being made among more than two entities (all the animals in the jungle).
The superlative degree of 'fast' is 'fastest,' which is used to indicate the highest degree of a quality.
The presence of the definite article 'the' before the blank is a grammatical marker that a superlative adjective must follow.
Options 1, 3, and 4 do not fit the grammatical requirements for a superlative comparison.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 2.

Complete Sentence: "Among all the animals in the jungle, the cheetah is the fastest."

Additional Information

Option 1: 'fast' is the positive degree, used for a single subject without comparison.
Option 3: 'faster' is the comparative degree, used when comparing exactly two things.
Option 4: 'speedy' is a positive degree adjective and would require 'speediest' to function as a superlative in this context.

Question 31

Choose the sentence which is correctly written in the Present Tense.

AOption (a)
The teacher is explains the concept clearly.
BOption (b)
The teacher is explaining the concept clearly.
COption (c)
The teacher explains the concept clearly yesterday.
DOption (d)
The teacher has explained the concept clearly yesterday.

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

The teacher is explaining the concept clearly.

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is The teacher is explaining the concept clearly.

Key Points

The sentence follows the structure of the Present Continuous Tense, which is used to describe actions happening at the current moment. The formula for this tense is Subject + am/is/are + Present Participle (verb + ing). Hence, statement 2 is correct.
The sentence 'The teacher is explains the concept clearly' is grammatically incorrect because the auxiliary verb 'is' cannot be followed directly by a base form verb with an 's' suffix. Hence, statement 1 is incorrect.
The sentence 'The teacher explains the concept clearly yesterday' contains a tense mismatch. While 'explains' is Simple Present Tense, the adverb of time 'yesterday' refers to the past. Hence, statement 3 is incorrect.
The sentence 'The teacher has explained the concept clearly yesterday' uses the Present Perfect Tense with a specific past time marker. Grammatically, Present Perfect cannot be used with definite time expressions like 'yesterday'. Hence, statement 4 is incorrect.

Additional Information

Present Continuous Tense:
Used for ongoing actions or temporary situations.
Requires the linking verb 'be' (is/am/are) based on the subject-verb agreement.
Commonly paired with time indicators like now, at the moment, or currently.
Simple Present Tense:
Typically used for habitual actions, general truths, or permanent states.
Example: 'The teacher explains the concept clearly every day.'
Present Perfect Tense:
Used for actions completed at an unspecified time or actions that have relevance to the present.
It should never be used with specific past time adverbs such as 'last week', 'in 1990', or 'yesterday'.

Question 32

Choose the correct indirect speech form of the following sentence.

The manager asked, “When can we join the online conference?”

AOption (a)
The manager asked when we had joined the online conference.
BOption (b)
The manager asked when we can join the online conference.
COption (c)
The manager asked when we have joined the online conference.
DOption (d)
The manager asked when we could join the online conference.

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

The manager asked when we could join the online conference.

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is Option 4.

Key Points

Direct Speech: The manager asked, ‘When can we join the online conference?’
Key Conversions:
Modal Verb Change:
In Indirect Speech, the modal verb ‘can’ changes to its past form ‘could’ when the reporting verb is in the past tense (‘asked’).
Sentence Structure:
The interrogative structure ‘When can we...’ changes to an assertive structure ‘when we could...’ in indirect speech.
The question mark is removed and replaced with a full stop.
Reporting Verb:
The reporting verb ‘asked’ remains ‘asked’ as the sentence is an inquiry.
Punctuation and Format:
The comma and quotation marks are removed.
The word ‘when’ acts as the connector between the reporting clause and the reported clause.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 4.

Correct Sentence: The manager asked when we could join the online conference.

Additional Information

Option 1: ‘The manager asked when we had joined the online conference.’ - Incorrect because it changes the tense to Past Perfect, which would correspond to Simple Past in direct speech, not ‘can’.
Option 2: ‘The manager asked when we can join the online conference.’ - Incorrect because it fails to change the modal ‘can’ to its past form ‘could’.
Option 3: ‘The manager asked when we have joined the online conference.’ - Incorrect because it uses Present Perfect, which does not match the original modal ‘can’.

Question 33

Which of the following is the most appropriate one-word substitute for the highlighted phrase?

Bhadra commented, "A persistently annoying noise distracted the class."

AOption (a)
frightening
BOption (b)
boring
COption (c)
nagging
DOption (d)
challenging

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

nagging

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is: nagging.

Key Points

The phrase 'persistently annoying' refers to something that continues to be irritating, troublesome, or painful over a long period. (लगातार परेशान करने वाला)
Example: She couldn't focus on her work because of a nagging doubt in the back of her mind.
'Nagging' is the most appropriate one-word substitute as it describes something that is constant, persistent, and annoying or worrying. (तंग करने वाला)
Example: The nagging pain in his shoulder made it difficult for him to sleep at night.
Hence, we can infer that the one-word substitute for 'persistently annoying' is 'nagging'.

Therefore, the correct answer is- nagging.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

Frightening (डरावना): Something that makes you feel afraid or anxious.
Example: Watching a frightening movie late at night was a bad idea.
Boring (उबाऊ): Not interesting; tedious.
Example: The lecture was so boring that half the students fell asleep.
Challenging (चुनौतीपूर्ण): Testing one's abilities; demanding as to stimulate interest or effort.
Example: Climbing the mountain was a challenging task for the beginners.

Question 34

Choose the right option to complete the sentence.

He __________ on the project until it is completed.

AOption (a)
works continuously
BOption (b)
will be working continuously
COption (c)
has worked continuously
DOption (d)
will have continuously worked

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

will be working continuously

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is 'will be working continuously'.

Key Points

The sentence describes an action that will continue to happen in the future until a specific point of completion ("until it is completed").
The Future Continuous Tense (will be + verb-ing) is used to express an ongoing action that will occur in the future.
In this context, "will be working continuously" correctly indicates the progress of the work over a period starting now and moving into the future.
Option 1 uses present simple, which is usually for habits or universal truths.
Option 3 uses present perfect, which implies the action started in the past and is already done or just finished.
Option 4 is the future perfect, which implies the action will be finished before a certain point, but the structure here is less natural than the continuous form for ongoing effort.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 2.

Complete Sentence: "He will be working continuously on the project until it is completed."

Additional Information

The word "until" is a time conjunction often used with continuous tenses to show the duration of an activity leading up to a specific event.
Future Continuous Tense formula: Subject + will be + present participle (v-ing).

Question 35

Identify the sentence with the correct passive construction.

AOption (a)
The novel translated into several languages.
BOption (b)
The novel is translated by several languages.
COption (c)
The novel is being translated into several languages.
DOption (d)
Several languages are translating the novel.

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

The novel is being translated into several languages.

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is The novel is being translated into several languages.

Key Points

Passive Voice is used when the focus is on the action and the object rather than the subject performing the action. The structure for Present Continuous Passive is Object + is/am/are + being + Past Participle (V3) + (by + Subject).
The sentence The novel is being translated into several languages follows this structure perfectly, where The novel is the object, is being indicates the ongoing process, and translated is the past participle form. Hence, statement 3 is correct.
The sentence The novel translated into several languages lacks an auxiliary verb (be-verb) required for a passive construction, making it grammatically incomplete as a main clause. Hence, statement 1 is incorrect.
The sentence The novel is translated by several languages uses the preposition by incorrectly; languages are the medium (into) rather than the agents (who) performing the translation. Hence, statement 2 is incorrect.
The sentence Several languages are translating the novel is in Active Voice, but it is semantically illogical because inanimate languages cannot perform the act of translating. Hence, statement 4 is incorrect.

Additional Information

Tense Transitions in Passive Voice:
Simple Present: Object + is/am/are + V3 (e.g., The novel is translated).
Present Continuous: Object + is/am/are + being + V3 (e.g., The novel is being translated).
Simple Past: Object + was/were + V3 (e.g., The novel was translated).
Present Perfect: Object + has/have + been + V3 (e.g., The novel has been translated).
Prepositional Usage: In translation contexts, the preposition into is used to indicate the target language, while from indicates the source language. The preposition by is reserved for the human agent (e.g., by the author).

Question 36

Arrange the following segments to form a coherent and meaningful statement.

online communication became very common (A) / which improved global connections (B) / because digital platforms allowed instant messaging (C) / during the early growth of the internet (D)

AOption (a)
C – D – A – B
BOption (b)
A – D – C – B
COption (c)
C – A – B – D
DOption (d)
A – C – D – B

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

A – D – C – B

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is A – D – C – B

Key Points

Segment A (online communication became very common) acts as the primary independent clause that introduces the central theme of the sentence. Hence, statement A is correct.
Segment D (during the early growth of the internet) provides the necessary temporal context or timeframe for the action described in the first segment. Hence, statement D is correct.
Segment C (because digital platforms allowed instant messaging) functions as a causal subordinate clause, explaining the reason behind the prevalence of online communication. Hence, statement C is correct.
Segment B (which improved global connections) serves as a relative clause that modifies the preceding idea by describing the positive outcome or impact of these platforms. Hence, statement B is correct.
The logical sequence follows a Subject-Context-Reason-Result structure, ensuring the sentence is grammatically sound and semantically coherent. Hence, the arrangement A - D - C - B is correct.

Additional Information

Sentence Rearrangement strategies for competitive exams:
Identify the Opening Statement: Look for an independent noun or a general introduction that does not rely on previous context.
Look for Transition Words: Words like because, therefore, or however help determine the relationship between different segments.
Check for Relative Pronouns: The word which in segment B indicates it must follow the noun or phrase it describes, in this case, the instant messaging or the technological shift.
Establish Chronology: Phrases indicating time, such as early growth, help place segments in a logical order relative to the action.

Question 37

Select the most appropriate option to fill in the blank.

The weather was ___________ during our trip to the mountains.

AOption (a)
more freezing
BOption (b)
freezing
COption (c)
most frozen
DOption (d)
frozen

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

freezing

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is 'freezing'.

Key Points

The adjective "freezing" is used to describe weather that is extremely cold.
In the given sentence, a simple descriptive adjective is needed to characterize the weather during the trip.
Freezing acts as a non-gradable adjective here, meaning it already represents an extreme state, making "more freezing" or "most frozen" contextually unsuitable.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 2.

Complete Sentence: "The weather was freezing during our trip to the mountains."

Additional Information

Option 1: "more freezing" is grammatically incorrect because "freezing" is an absolute adjective.
Option 3: "most frozen" refers to something that has been turned into ice, which is not typically used to describe weather conditions in this manner.
Option 4: "frozen" usually describes an object (like a lake or food) rather than the ambient weather state.

Question 38

Select the option that expresses the given sentence in passive voice.

The teacher explains the lesson clearly.

AOption (a)
The lesson was explained by the teacher clearly.
BOption (b)
The lesson is explained clearly by the teacher.
COption (c)
The lesson has been explained by the teacher clearly.
DOption (d)
The lesson explained the teacher clearly.

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

The lesson is explained clearly by the teacher.

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is The lesson is explained clearly by the teacher.

Key Points

The given sentence is in the Active Voice and follows the Simple Present Tense structure: Subject + Verb (s/es) + Object.
To convert a Simple Present Tense sentence into Passive Voice, the structure used is: New Subject (Object of active voice) + is/am/are + Past Participle (V3) + by + New Object (Subject of active voice).
In the active sentence, The teacher is the Subject, explains is the Verb, and the lesson is the Object.
Following the conversion rule, the Object 'the lesson' becomes the New Subject. Since 'the lesson' is singular, the auxiliary verb is is applied.
The Past Participle form of the verb 'explains' is explained.
The adverb 'clearly' is placed appropriately to maintain the original meaning, followed by the agent by the teacher.
Therefore, the sentence 'The lesson is explained clearly by the teacher' correctly reflects the Passive Voice transformation.

Additional Information

Comparison with incorrect options:
The lesson was explained by the teacher clearly: This uses was, which is the Simple Past Tense auxiliary, making it grammatically incorrect for a present tense active sentence.
The lesson has been explained by the teacher clearly: This uses has been, which belongs to the Present Perfect Tense, thus changing the original tense of the statement.
The lesson explained the teacher clearly: This sentence lacks the required auxiliary verb and reverses the logical subject-object relationship, implying the lesson performed the action on the teacher.

Question 39

Fill in the blank by selecting the option that best completes the given sentence.

The technician installed _____ air conditioner in our classroom to make the learning environment more comfortable during hot weather.

AOption (a)
no article
BOption (b)
a
COption (c)
an
DOption (d)
the

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is 3.

Key Points

The sentence requires the use of an indefinite article because the technician installed a single, non-specific unit of an item for the first time in the classroom.
The choice between the articles 'a' and 'an' is determined by the sound of the first letter of the following word.
The word 'air conditioner' begins with the letter 'a', which produces a vowel sound (short 'a' sound or /ɛər/).
According to English grammar rules, 'an' must be used before words that start with a vowel sound to ensure smooth pronunciation.
Therefore, the correct phrase is 'an air conditioner.'

Therefore, the correct answer is 3.

Correct Sentence: 'The technician installed an air conditioner in our classroom to make the learning environment more comfortable during hot weather.'

Additional Information

Option 1 (no article): Incorrect because 'air conditioner' is a singular countable noun and requires an article in this context.
Option 2 (a): Incorrect because 'a' is used before words beginning with a consonant sound (e.g., a fan, a heater), whereas 'air' starts with a vowel sound.
Option 4 (the): While 'the' is a definite article, 'an' is more appropriate here as the sentence introduces the installation of a general unit rather than referring to a specific, previously mentioned air conditioner. However, grammatically, 'an' is the primary choice for introductory singular nouns starting with a vowel.

Question 40

Select the wrongly spelt word.

AOption (a)
Beautiful
BOption (b)
Occassion
COption (c)
Separate
DOption (d)
Definite

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

Occassion

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is Occassion.

Key Points

The word Occassion is incorrectly spelled because it contains a double s. Hence, the spelling provided in the option is incorrect.
The correct spelling of the word is Occasion, which is derived from the Latin word occasio. It consists of a double c but only a single s.
An occasion refers to a particular event, ceremony, or a special time when something happens. It is commonly used in English to denote milestones like birthdays, weddings, or specific opportunities.
Linguistic analysis shows that misspelling occasion with a double s is a frequent orthographic error because learners often assume symmetry with the double c at the beginning of the word.

Additional Information

Beautiful:
This is the correct spelling of the adjective used to describe something that possesses aesthetic grace or pleasing qualities.
It originates from the Old French word beauté combined with the suffix -ful.
Separate:
This is the correct spelling for the term meaning to disconnect or keep apart.
A common error is writing it as seperate, but it correctly features an a after the p, following its Latin root separatus.
Definite:
This is the correct spelling of the word meaning clearly stated or decided.
It is derived from the Latin definitus and must end with the suffix -ite rather than -ate.

English 2 (10 questions)

Question 41

Choose the most appropriate antonym of the word 'brief' as given in the sentence.

What was expected to be a brief meeting turned into a lengthy discussion on school policies.

AOption (a)
sudden
BOption (b)
narrow
COption (c)
lengthy
DOption (d)
quick

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

lengthy

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is: Lengthy.

Key Points

The word 'Brief' means lasting or taking a short time; of short duration. (संक्षिप्त)
Example: The principal gave a brief speech during the morning assembly.
'Lengthy' refers to something that continues for a long time or is unusually long in distance or duration; it is the opposite of brief. (लंबा)
Example: The lawyer submitted a lengthy report to the court.
Hence, we can infer that the opposite of 'brief' is 'lengthy'.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Lengthy.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

Sudden (अचानक): Happening or done quickly and unexpectedly.
Example: There was a sudden change in the weather this afternoon.
Narrow (संकीर्ण/सकरा): Limited in extent, amount, or scope; not wide.
Example: The car struggled to pass through the narrow lane.
Quick (तेज़/जल्दी): Moving fast or doing something in a short amount of time.
Example: He took a quick shower before leaving for work.

Question 42

Replace the underlined segment in the sentence with the most appropriate idiom from the options given.

The researcher worked very late at night to finish the experiment.

AOption (a)
burned the midnight oil
BOption (b)
went the extra mile
COption (c)
crossed the bridge
DOption (d)
ran the gauntlet

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

burned the midnight oil

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is: burned the midnight oil.

Key Points

The underlined segment 'worked very late at night' refers to the act of staying awake and working or studying well past midnight. (देर रात तक काम करना)
Example: She had to work very late at night to prepare for her final presentation.
'Burned the midnight oil' is an idiom that means to read, study, or work late into the night. (देर रात तक कड़ी मेहनत करना)
Example: If you want to pass the bar exam, you will have to burn the midnight oil for several weeks.
Therefore, the correct answer is- burned the midnight oil.

Therefore, the correct answer is: burned the midnight oil.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

Went the extra mile (अतिरिक्त प्रयास करना): To make a special effort to achieve something or help someone beyond what is expected.
Example: Our teacher always goes the extra mile to help us understand difficult concepts.
Crossed the bridge (समस्या आने पर उसका समाधान करना): Usually used in the phrase 'cross that bridge when you come to it', meaning to deal with a problem only when it actually happens. (मुसीबत आने पर ही उसका सामना करना)
Example: We don't have the funding yet, but we will cross that bridge when we get there.
Ran the gauntlet (कठिन आलोचना या चुनौती का सामना करना): To be forced to deal with a lot of people who are criticizing or attacking you. (कड़ी आलोचना या खतरे के बीच से गुजरना)
Example: The celebrity had to run the gauntlet of photographers to get to her car.

Question 43

Identify the most appropriate antonym of the highlighted word.

The instructions given to the audience were ambiguous.

AOption (a)
strange
BOption (b)
confusing
COption (c)
clear
DOption (d)
friendly

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

clear

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is: Clear.

Key Points

The word 'ambiguous' refers to something that is open to more than one interpretation or not having one obvious meaning. (अस्पष्ट)
Example: The ending of the movie was ambiguous, leaving the audience to decide what actually happened.
'Clear' refers to something that is easy to perceive, understand, or interpret without any doubt. (स्पष्ट)
Example: The teacher gave clear instructions so that every student knew exactly what to do.
Hence, we can infer that the opposite of 'ambiguous' is 'clear'.

Therefore, the correct answer is- Clear.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

Strange (अजीब): Something that is unusual or surprising in a way that is hard to understand.
Example: It was strange to see the streets so empty in the middle of the day.
Confusing (भ्रमित करने वाला): Something that causes a lack of clarity or makes it difficult to understand.
Example: The layout of the old building was very confusing for new visitors.
Friendly (अनुकूल/मैत्रीपूर्ण): Behaving in a pleasant, kind, or helpful way toward someone.
Example: The local people were very friendly and welcomed us to their village.

Question 44

Select the most appropriate ANTONYM of the highlighted word in the given sentence.

Her response to the criticism was remarkably courteous.

AOption (a)
Defensive
BOption (b)
Rude
COption (c)
Polite
DOption (d)
Deliberate

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

Rude

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is: Rude.

Key Points

The word 'courteous' means being polite, respectful, or considerate in manner. (विनम्र)
Example: The staff at the hotel were very courteous and helpful during our stay.
'Rude' refers to someone who is offensively impolite or bad-mannered; it is the direct opposite of being courteous. (अशिष्ट)
Example: It is very rude to interrupt someone while they are speaking.
Hence, we can infer that the opposite of 'courteous' is 'rude'.

Therefore, the correct answer is- Rude.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

Defensive (रक्षात्मक): Used to describe behavior intended to protect oneself from criticism or attack.
Example: He became very defensive when I asked him about the missing files.
Polite (शिष्ट): Having or showing behavior that is respectful and considerate of others; this is a synonym of courteous.
Example: She gave a polite smile to the strangers in the elevator.
Deliberate (जानबूझकर): Done consciously and intentionally.
Example: The lawyer argued that the damage was a deliberate act of vandalism.

Question 45

Substitute the highlighted word segment with the suitable option.

After months of hard work, the NEET aspirant finally cracked the exam and saw the results of her efforts.

AOption (a)
burned the midnight oil
BOption (b)
turned over a new leaf
COption (c)
reaped the rewards
DOption (d)
came out of her shell

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

reaped the rewards

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is: reaped the rewards.

Key Points

The segment 'saw the results of her efforts' refers to the act of enjoying or receiving the positive outcomes and benefits of one's hard work and dedication. (अपने प्रयासों का फल देखना)
Example: After years of saving money, he finally bought his dream house and saw the results of his efforts.
'Reaped the rewards' is an idiom that means to get something good as a result of your own actions or hard work. (किए गए कार्य का फल प्राप्त करना)
Example: She worked long hours to build her business and is now finally reaping the rewards.
Hence, we can infer that the most suitable substitution for the highlighted segment is 'reaped the rewards'.

Therefore, the correct answer is: reaped the rewards.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

Burned the midnight oil (देर रात तक कड़ी मेहनत करना): To work late into the night.
Example: He had to burn the midnight oil to finish the report before the deadline.
Turned over a new leaf (नई शुरुआत करना/सुधर जाना): To start behaving in a better way or to make a fresh start.
Example: Since he got out of prison, he has turned over a new leaf and found a steady job.
Came out of her shell (संकोच छोड़ना): To become less shy and more confident or sociable.
Example: She was very quiet at first, but she finally came out of her shell during the party.

Read the given passage and answer the questions that follow.

Agriculture is undergoing a digital revolution through 'precision farming'. By utilizing satellite imagery and soil sensors, farmers can now treat individual sections of a field differently rather than applying a uniform approach. Drones equipped with multispectral cameras identify stressed crops before the human eye can detect signs of dehydration or pest infestation. This data-driven strategy reduces the over-utilization of fertilizers and water, directly addressing the environmental strain caused by traditional farming. However, the high cost of this technology creates a 'digital divide', where small-scale farmers in developing nations struggle to compete with tech-integrated conglomerates. While precision farming promises higher yields and sustainability, the socio-economic implications of its adoption remain contentious. The challenge lies in democratizing these tools to ensure global food security without bankrupting the traditional grower. As silicon meets soil, the definition of a farmer is shifting from a laborer to a data analyst.

Question 46

Based on Passage: View directions & passage

Which title best reflects the content of the passage?

AOption (a)
Precision Farming: Data in the Dirt
BOption (b)
The End of Traditional Farming: Dawn of New Era
COption (c)
The History of Satellite Imagery in Agriculture
DOption (d)
How Traditional Farming Increases the Price of Organic Food

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

Precision Farming: Data in the Dirt

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is Precision Farming: Data in the Dirt.

Key Points

The passage primarily discusses the concept of Precision Farming, which is characterized as a digital revolution in agriculture that utilizes satellite imagery, soil sensors, and drones. Hence, the title must reflect this central theme.
The phrase Data in the Dirt serves as an apt metaphor for the integration of data-driven strategies and silicon technology with the physical act of farming (soil/dirt), which the author describes as shifting the farmer's role from a laborer to a data analyst.
While the text mentions the challenges faced by traditional growers, it does not suggest the absolute End of Traditional Farming, but rather its evolution and the socio-economic implications of technological adoption. Hence, option 2 is partially inaccurate in its finality.
The passage focuses on the current application and future challenges of agricultural technology rather than providing a chronological History of Satellite Imagery. Hence, option 3 is incorrect.
There is no mention of organic food pricing or market costs related specifically to organic certification in the text. Hence, option 4 is incorrect.

Additional Information

Precision Farming:
It involves site-specific crop management to ensure that crops and soil receive exactly what they need for optimum health and productivity.
Key tools include Multispectral cameras which detect light frequencies invisible to the human eye to monitor plant stress.
The Digital Divide mentioned refers to the economic gap between wealthy tech-integrated conglomerates and small-scale farmers.
The ultimate goal discussed is Global Food Security balanced against the sustainability of the agricultural environment.

Question 47

Based on Passage: View directions & passage

What is the primary theme of the text?

AOption (a)
The environmental and socio-economic impact of agricultural technology
BOption (b)
The best types of drones for pesticide application in the current environment
COption (c)
The importance of physical labor in harvesting crops in the data-driven world
DOption (d)
The decline of food security in developed nations and its implications

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

The environmental and socio-economic impact of agricultural technology

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is Option 1.

Key Points

The passage explores the shift towards precision farming, highlighting how digital tools like satellite imagery, soil sensors, and drones are revolutionizing agriculture.
It explicitly mentions the environmental benefits, such as reducing the over-utilization of fertilizers and water to address environmental strain.
It also delves into the socio-economic challenges, specifically the digital divide and the struggle of small-scale farmers against tech-integrated conglomerates.
The text concludes by discussing the necessity of democratizing tools for global food security and the changing role of the farmer into a data analyst.
Therefore, the primary theme encompasses both the technological advancement and its broad impact on society and the environment.

Therefore, the correct answer is The environmental and socio-economic impact of agricultural technology.

Summary: The text balances the discussion between the efficiency gains of modern farming and the economic disparities it might create.

Additional Information

Option 2: This is too narrow. While drones are mentioned, the passage is about the broader digital revolution, not a guide for drone selection.
Option 3: This contradicts the text, which states the farmer's role is shifting away from labor toward data analysis.
Option 4: This is incorrect as the text focuses on the struggle of developing nations and the promise of higher yields rather than a general decline in food security for developed nations.

Question 48

Based on Passage: View directions & passage

What does the author imply about the future of the farming profession?

AOption (a)
Traditional farmers will easily afford new technology.
BOption (b)
Farming will require more computer skills than manual labor.
COption (c)
Food will become much cheaper for everyone immediately.
DOption (d)
Farmers will eventually be replaced by robots entirely.

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

Farming will require more computer skills than manual labor.

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is Option 2.

Key Points

The author describes a shift in the nature of agricultural work, stating that the definition of a farmer is moving from a laborer to a data analyst.
The passage highlights the use of satellite imagery, soil sensors, and multispectral cameras, which necessitates technical expertise.
This implies that the future of farming will rely heavily on digital literacy and data-driven strategies rather than traditional manual labor.
Therefore, the profession is evolving to require more computer skills and analytical capabilities.

Therefore, the correct answer is Farming will require more computer skills than manual labor.

Additional Information

Option 1: The passage actually states that high costs create a digital divide, making it difficult for traditional farmers to afford the technology.
Option 3: While higher yields are promised, the passage focuses on the socio-economic challenges and sustainability rather than immediate price drops for consumers.
Option 4: The author suggests farmers are becoming data analysts, which means they are being redefined by technology, not entirely replaced by it.

Question 49

Based on Passage: View directions & passage

Which statement best summarizes the 'digital divide' mentioned?

AOption (a)
The gap between the speed of satellites and the speed of drones.
BOption (b)
The time it takes for a farmer to learn how to use a computer.
COption (c)
The difference between soil sensors and multi-spectral cameras.
DOption (d)
The economic gap between tech-funded corporations and small-scale growers.

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

The economic gap between tech-funded corporations and small-scale growers.

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is Option 4.

Key Points

The passage defines the digital divide in the context of the high cost of precision farming technology.
It explicitly states that small-scale farmers in developing nations struggle to compete with tech-integrated conglomerates because they cannot afford these advanced tools.
This creates an economic and technological gap between wealthy, large-scale corporations and traditional, independent growers.
Therefore, the term refers to the socio-economic disparity in the accessibility and adoption of digital agricultural tools.

Therefore, the correct answer is the economic gap between tech-funded corporations and small-scale growers.

Additional Information

Option 1: This refers to technical specifications of hardware, not a socio-economic divide.
Option 2: While digital literacy is part of technology adoption, the passage emphasizes the high cost and economic struggle rather than the time spent learning.
Option 3: This is a comparison between types of hardware used in precision farming, which does not define a 'divide' in human or economic terms.

Question 50

Based on Passage: View directions & passage

What is the tone of the passage regarding the 'digital divide'?

AOption (a)
Cautionary
BOption (b)
Optimistic
COption (c)
Dismissive
DOption (d)
Humorous

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

Cautionary

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is Cautionary.

Key Points

The author uses a cautionary tone when discussing the digital divide because the passage highlights the potential negative socio-economic implications of technological adoption in agriculture. Hence, the tone is cautionary.
The text specifically points out that the high cost of precision farming technology creates a significant barrier for small-scale farmers in developing nations, making it difficult for them to compete with conglomerates. Hence, this indicates a sense of warning or concern.
The passage describes the adoption of these tools as contentious and emphasizes the challenge of democratizing technology to prevent bankrupting the traditional grower. Hence, the author is alerting the reader to the risks involved.
A cautionary tone is identified when a writer expresses apprehension or prudence regarding a specific development, suggesting that while the innovation (precision farming) has benefits, its inequality must be addressed. Hence, the statement regarding the digital divide is cautionary.

Additional Information

Analysis of other tonal options:
Optimistic: This tone would focus purely on the positive outcomes and higher yields without emphasizing the struggle or socio-economic risks mentioned in the context of the digital divide.
Dismissive: This would imply that the author thinks the digital divide is unimportant or unworthy of consideration, which contradicts the serious treatment given to the economic gap in the passage.
Humorous: A humorous tone would use wit, irony, or sarcasm to discuss the topic, which is inappropriate for the analytical and serious nature of this agricultural report.

General Knowledge 1 (15 questions)

Question 51

What term is used to describe the distance between two consecutive compressions in a sound wave?

AOption (a)
Amplitude
BOption (b)
Frequency
COption (c)
Time period
DOption (d)
Wavelength

हिंदी में देखें

ध्वनि तरंग में दो क्रमिक संपीडनों के बीच की दूरी का वर्णन करने के लिए किस शब्द का उपयोग किया जाता है?

(a)
आयाम (एम्प्लिट्यूड)
(b)
आवृत्ति (फ्रीक्वेंसी)
(c)
आवर्तकाल (टाइम पीरियड)
(d)
तरंगदैर्घ्य (वेवलेंथ)

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

Wavelength

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is Wavelength.

Key Points

A sound wave is a longitudinal mechanical wave that propagates through a medium in the form of alternate compressions and rarefactions.
Compressions are regions of high pressure and high density where the particles of the medium are crowded together.
Rarefactions are regions of low pressure and low density where the particles are spread apart.
The distance between two consecutive compressions or two consecutive rarefactions is called the Wavelength.
It is usually represented by the Greek letter lambda (λ).
The SI unit of wavelength is the meter (m).
The wavelength determines the spatial period of the wave, representing the length of one complete wave cycle.

Additional Information

Amplitude: It is the maximum displacement of the particles of the medium from their original mean position on either side. It determines the loudness of the sound.
Frequency: It is the number of complete oscillations or cycles per unit time. It determines the pitch of the sound and is measured in Hertz (Hz).
Time Period: It is the time taken by two consecutive compressions or rarefactions to cross a fixed point. It is the reciprocal of frequency (T = 1/f).
Relationship: The speed of sound (v), frequency (f), and wavelength (λ) are related by the formula: v = f × λ.

Question 52

Who is acknowledged as the first female martyr in Indian history?

AOption (a)
Bhikaiji Cama
BOption (b)
Kuyili
COption (c)
Jhalkari Bai
DOption (d)
Tileswari Barua

हिंदी में देखें

भारतीय इतिहास में पहली महिला शहीद के रूप में किसे स्वीकार किया जाता है?

(a)
भीकाजी कामा
(b)
कुयिली
(c)
झलकारी बाई
(d)
तिलेश्वरी बरुआ

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

Kuyili

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is Kuyili.

Key Points

Kuyili was a legendary commander-in-chief and a close confidante of Rani Velu Nachiyar, the queen of the Sivaganga estate in Tamil Nadu.
She is historically recognized as the first female martyr and the first suicide bomber in the Indian independence movement during the late 18^th century.
In 1780, during the Sivaganga expedition against the British East India Company, she orchestrated a daring attack on the British ammunition dump.
She doused herself in ghee and oil, set herself on fire, and walked into the enemy’s armoury (the Kollangudi Vettudaiyar Kali temple converted into a magazine), causing a massive explosion that destroyed the British weapons.
Her sacrifice enabled Velu Nachiyar to reclaim her kingdom from the British, marking a significant victory in the Anglo-Mysore Wars era.

Additional Information

Bhikaiji Cama:
Known as Madame Cama, she was a prominent figure in the Indian independence movement.
She is celebrated for unfurling the first version of the Indian National Flag at the International Socialist Conference in Stuttgart, Germany, in 1907.
Jhalkari Bai:
She was a brave warrior in the Durga Dal of Jhansi and a trusted advisor to Rani Lakshmibai.
During the Revolt of 1857, she disguised herself as the Queen to deceive the British forces, allowing Lakshmibai to escape safely from the fort.
Tileswari Barua:
A young martyr from Assam who participated in the Quit India Movement of 1942.
She was shot dead by the British police while attempting to hoist the Tricolour at the Dhekiajuli police station at the age of 12.

Question 53

Panchayati Raj system in India is primarily based on the philosophy of __________.

AOption (a)
Decentralisation and Gram Swaraj
BOption (b)
Judicial activism
COption (c)
Economic liberalisation
DOption (d)
Nationalisation and centralisation

हिंदी में देखें

भारत में पंचायती राज व्यवस्था मुख्य रूप से __________ के दर्शन पर आधारित है।

(a)
विकेंद्रीकरण और ग्राम स्वराज
(b)
न्यायिक सक्रियता
(c)
आर्थिक उदारीकरण
(d)
राष्ट्रीयकरण और केंद्रीयकरण

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

Decentralisation and Gram Swaraj

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is Decentralisation and Gram Swaraj.

Key Points

The Panchayati Raj system is a foundational structure of local self-government in India, designed to translate the vision of Gram Swaraj (village self-rule) into reality.
The philosophy is deeply rooted in Democratic Decentralisation, which involves the devolution of powers and responsibilities from the Central and State governments to local bodies to ensure participatory democracy.
The system was formally institutionalized through the 73^rd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1992, which added Part IX and the 11^th Schedule to the Constitution of India.
Mahatma Gandhi advocated for Gram Swaraj, envisioning every village as a self-sustaining republic where the Gram Sabha serves as the primary body for decision-making.
The Balwant Rai Mehta Committee (1957) recommended a three-tier Panchayati Raj system: Gram Panchayat at the village level, Panchayat Samiti at the block level, and Zila Parishad at the district level.

Additional Information

Evolution of Panchayati Raj
Article 40: This Directive Principle of State Policy directs the State to organize village panchayats and endow them with necessary powers.
Rajasthan: It was the first state to adopt the system, inaugurated in Nagaur district on October 2, 1959.
Ashok Mehta Committee (1977): Suggested a two-tier model consisting of Mandal Panchayats and Zila Parishads.
Core Concepts in Options
Judicial activism: Refers to the proactive role played by the Judiciary in protecting rights and social justice, unrelated to the administrative setup of Panchayats.
Economic liberalisation: Refers to the 1991 reforms (LPG - Liberalisation, Privatisation, and Globalisation) aimed at reducing government control over the economy.
Nationalisation: The process of bringing private assets under public ownership of a national government, which is the opposite of decentralisation.

Question 54

Which Constitutional Amendment implemented the Right to Education?

AOption (a)
86^th Amendment
BOption (b)
106^th Amendment
COption (c)
73^rd Amendment
DOption (d)
44^th Amendment

हिंदी में देखें

शिक्षा का अधिकार किस संवैधानिक संशोधन द्वारा लागू किया गया था?

(a)
86वां संशोधन
(b)
106वां संशोधन
(c)
73वां संशोधन
(d)
44वां संशोधन

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

86^th Amendment

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is 86^th Amendment.

Key Points

The 86^th Constitutional Amendment Act, enacted in 2002, was a landmark piece of legislation that sought to make education a fundamental right for children in India.
This amendment inserted Article 21A into the Constitution of India, which mandates that the State shall provide free and compulsory education to all children of the age of six to fourteen years.
Following this constitutional change, the Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education (RTE) Act was passed in 2009 and came into effect on 1 April 2010.
The amendment also substituted Article 45 under the Directive Principles of State Policy, changing its scope to early childhood care and education for all children until they complete the age of six years.
Furthermore, it added a new Fundamental Duty under Article 51A(k), making it the responsibility of a parent or guardian to provide opportunities for education to his child or ward between the age of six and fourteen years.

Additional Information

73^rd Amendment Act, 1992:
This amendment granted constitutional status to Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs).
It added Part IX and the Eleventh Schedule to the Constitution, identifying 29 functional items for Panchayats.
44^th Amendment Act, 1978:
Introduced by the Janata Government to nullify many provisions of the 42^nd Amendment.
It famously removed the Right to Property from the list of Fundamental Rights and made it a legal right under Article 300A.
106^th Amendment Act, 2023:
Formally known as the Constitution (One Hundred and Sixth Amendment) Act, 2023 or the Nari Shakti Vandan Adhiniyam.
It provides 33 percent reservation for women in the Lok Sabha, State Legislative Assemblies, and the Delhi Legislative Assembly.

Question 55

Who among the following is the political head of a municipal corporation in India?

AOption (a)
Mayor
BOption (b)
District Collector
COption (c)
Municipal Commissioner
DOption (d)
Chief Secretary

हिंदी में देखें

निम्नलिखित में से कौन भारत में नगर निगम का राजनीतिक प्रमुख होता है?

(a)
महापौर (मेयर)
(b)
जिला कलेक्टर
(c)
नगर आयुक्त
(d)
मुख्य सचिव

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

Mayor

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is Mayor.

Key Points

The Mayor serves as the political head and the first citizen of a city within the framework of a Municipal Corporation in India.
The 74^th Constitutional Amendment Act of 1992 constitutionalized the Urban Local Bodies (ULBs), providing a structured framework for municipal governance across the country.
In most Indian states, the Mayor is elected by the members of the Municipal Corporation (Councillors/Corporators) from among themselves, though some states have provisions for direct election by the public.
The primary role of the Mayor is to preside over the meetings of the Corporation and the Standing Committee, acting as a link between the State Government and the local civic body.
While the Mayor holds the prestigious political title, the office is often considered titular or ceremonial in many states, as the executive powers are largely vested in the Municipal Commissioner.

Additional Information

Municipal Commissioner:
Acts as the Chief Executive Officer and the administrative head of the Municipal Corporation.
Usually an officer from the Indian Administrative Service (IAS), appointed by the State Government to implement the decisions of the corporation.
District Collector:
The highest officer of Revenue administration and the District Magistrate responsible for law and order at the district level.
This official represents the State Government and oversees the general administration of the entire district, distinct from the specific urban governance of a Municipal Corporation.
Chief Secretary:
The topmost executive official and senior-most IAS officer in a State Government's hierarchy.
Serves as the principal advisor to the Chief Minister and acts as the head of the State Secretariat.

Question 56

Who played a key role in drafting the Indian Constitution and served as the Chairman of the Drafting Committee?

AOption (a)
Dr. B.R. Ambedkar
BOption (b)
Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel
COption (c)
Jawaharlal Nehru
DOption (d)
C. Rajagopalachari

हिंदी में देखें

भारतीय संविधान के प्रारूप को तैयार करने में किसने महत्वपूर्ण भूमिका निभाई और प्रारूप समिति के अध्यक्ष के रूप में कार्य किया?

(a)
डॉ. बी.आर. अंबेडकर
(b)
सरदार वल्लभभाई पटेल
(c)
जवाहरलाल नेहरू
(d)
सी. राजगोपालाचारी

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

Dr. B.R. Ambedkar

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is Dr. B.R. Ambedkar.

Key Points

Dr. B.R. Ambedkar is widely regarded as the Father of the Indian Constitution due to his pivotal role in its creation and his leadership in the Drafting Committee.
He was appointed as the Chairman of the Drafting Committee on August 29, 1947, tasked with the responsibility of preparing the final document that would govern independent India.
As the Chief Architect, he was instrumental in ensuring constitutional guarantees and protections for a wide range of civil liberties, including the abolition of untouchability and the prohibition of all forms of discrimination.
He skillfully navigated the debates in the Constituent Assembly, addressing concerns regarding federalism, fundamental rights, and the parliamentary system of government.
The final draft prepared under his guidance consisted of 395 Articles and 8 Schedules, which was adopted by the Constituent Assembly on November 26, 1949.

Additional Information

Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel
Served as the Chairman of the Advisory Committee on Fundamental Rights, Minorities and Tribal and Excluded Areas.
Commonly known as the Iron Man of India for his role in the political integration of 562 princely states.
Jawaharlal Nehru
Moved the historic Objectives Resolution on December 13, 1946, which laid down the underlying principles of the Constitution.
He headed several committees including the Union Powers Committee and the Union Constitution Committee.
C. Rajagopalachari
An eminent leader who served as the last Governor-General of India.
He was a member of the Advisory Committee and the Provincial Constitution Committee of the Constituent Assembly.

Question 57

Which of the following Directive Principles of State Policy aims at the protection of the interests of the weaker sections of society?

AOption (a)
Article 46
BOption (b)
Article 39A
COption (c)
Article 38
DOption (d)
Article 41

हिंदी में देखें

निम्नलिखित में से राज्य के नीति निर्देशक सिद्धांतों का कौन सा लक्ष्य समाज के कमजोर वर्गों के हितों के संरक्षण पर केंद्रित है?

(a)
अनुच्छेद 46
(b)
अनुच्छेद 39A
(c)
अनुच्छेद 38
(d)
अनुच्छेद 41

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

Article 46

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is Article 46.

Key Points

Article 46 of the Indian Constitution explicitly mandates that the State shall promote with special care the educational and economic interests of the weaker sections of the people.
The provision specifically highlights the Scheduled Castes (SC) and the Scheduled Tribes (ST) as primary beneficiaries of these protective measures.
It further directs the State to protect these vulnerable groups from social injustice and all forms of exploitation.
This article is categorized under the Gandhian Principles of the Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP), reflecting the vision of uplifting the marginalized strata of society.

Additional Information

Article 39A:
Inserted by the 42^nd Amendment Act, 1976, it aims to provide equal justice and free legal aid to the poor.
It ensures that opportunities for securing justice are not denied to any citizen by reason of economic or other disabilities.
Article 38:
Directs the State to secure a social order for the promotion of the welfare of the people.
The 44^th Amendment Act, 1978 added a clause to minimize inequalities in income, status, facilities, and opportunities.
Article 41:
Relates to the right to work, to education, and to public assistance in certain cases.
It covers assistance for those facing unemployment, old age, sickness, and disablement.
The Directive Principles of State Policy are enumerated in Part IV (Articles 36 to 51) and are non-justiciable in nature but fundamental to the governance of the country.

Question 58

Thorn forests and scrubs are found in regions receiving less than ______ centimeters of rainfall annually.

AOption (a)
70 cm
BOption (b)
50 cm
COption (c)
150 cm
DOption (d)
100 cm

हिंदी में देखें

कंटीले वन और झाड़ियाँ उन क्षेत्रों में पाई जाती हैं जहाँ वार्षिक वर्षा ______ सेंटीमीटर से कम होती है।

(a)
70 सेमी
(b)
50 सेमी
(c)
150 सेमी
(d)
100 सेमी

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

70 cm

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is 70 cm.

Key Points

Thorn forests and scrubs are characteristic vegetation types found in arid and semi-arid regions where the average annual rainfall is less than 70 cm.
The vegetation in these regions consists of thorny trees and bushes that have adapted to survive in extreme water-deficient environments through various xerophytic modifications.
Geographically, this type of vegetation is predominantly distributed across the north-western part of India, encompassing states like Rajasthan, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Uttar Pradesh, and Haryana.
The plants in these forests have long roots that penetrate deep into the soil to access groundwater, while their stems are succulent to conserve water and their leaves are mostly thick and small to minimize transpiration.

Additional Information

Flora and Fauna Characteristics:
Common plant species found in these ecosystems include Acacia, Palms, Euphorbias, and Cacti.
The animal life in these dry regions typically includes rats, mice, rabbits, foxes, wolves, tigers, lions, wild asses, horses, and camels.
Other Vegetation Types by Rainfall:
Tropical Evergreen Forests: Found in regions receiving more than 200 cm of rainfall annually, such as the Western Ghats and Northeast India.
Tropical Deciduous Forests: These are the most widespread forests in India, occurring in regions receiving rainfall between 70 cm and 200 cm.
Montane Forests: Found in high-altitude mountainous areas where temperature decreases with increasing altitude.

Question 59

Which type of body is the Central Vigilance Commission (CVC) in India?

AOption (a)
Parliamentary committee
BOption (b)
Judicial body
COption (c)
Non-Constitutional body
DOption (d)
Constitutional body

हिंदी में देखें

भारत में केंद्रीय सतर्कता आयोग (CVC) किस प्रकार का निकाय है?

(a)
संसदीय समिति
(b)
न्यायिक निकाय
(c)
गैर-संवैधानिक निकाय
(d)
संवैधानिक निकाय

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

Non-Constitutional body

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is Non-Constitutional body.

Key Points

The Central Vigilance Commission (CVC) is the apex vigilance institution in India, created to address governmental corruption and ensure integrity in public administration.
It was established in February 1964 based on the recommendations of the Santhanam Committee (Committee on Prevention of Corruption), which operated between 1962 and 1964.
Initially, the CVC was set up through a Government of India Resolution and did not have a basis in the Constitution, nor was it established by an Act of Parliament at its inception.
The body was granted statutory status later through the Central Vigilance Commission Act, 2003, which defines its powers, functions, and composition.
Since it is not mentioned in any Article of the Indian Constitution, it is classified as a Non-Constitutional body (or specifically, a Statutory body).

Additional Information

Constitutional body
These are bodies established by the Constitution of India itself and derive their power directly from it, such as the Election Commission of India (Article 324) or the Finance Commission (Article 280).
Judicial body
These entities have the power to adjudicate legal disputes and interpret laws, primarily consisting of the Supreme Court, High Courts, and subordinate courts.
Composition of CVC
The commission consists of a Central Vigilance Commissioner (Chairperson) and not more than two Vigilance Commissioners (Members).
They are appointed by the President of India on the recommendation of a committee comprising the Prime Minister, the Minister of Home Affairs, and the Leader of the Opposition in the Lok Sabha.
The tenure for the commissioners is four years or until they attain the age of 65 years, whichever is earlier.

Question 60

Which classical Indian language was used to compose the "Natyashastra," an ancient treatise on performing arts attributed to Bharata Muni?

AOption (a)
Sanskrit, from ancient traditions
BOption (b)
Telugu, from the southeast
COption (c)
Kannada, from southern India
DOption (d)
Malayalam, from the southwest

हिंदी में देखें

भरत मुनि द्वारा रचित प्रदर्शन कलाओं पर एक प्राचीन ग्रंथ "नाट्यशास्त्र" की रचना किस शास्त्रीय भारतीय भाषा में की गई थी?

(a)
संस्कृत, प्राचीन परंपराओं से
(b)
तेलुगु, दक्षिण-पूर्व से
(c)
कन्नड़, दक्षिण भारत से
(d)
मलयालम, दक्षिण-पश्चिम से

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

Sanskrit, from ancient traditions

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is Sanskrit, from ancient traditions.

Key Points

The Natyashastra is a foundational and comprehensive Sanskrit treatise on the performing arts, encompassing theatre, dance, and music.
The text is traditionally attributed to the sage Bharata Muni and is believed to have been composed between 200 BCE and 200 CE, though some estimates extend this range.
It consists of approximately 6,000 poetic verses organized into 36 chapters, covering everything from stage design and makeup to emotional expression (Rasas) and musical scales.
The work is often referred to as the Fifth Veda (Panchama Veda), signifying its immense spiritual and cultural importance in Indian classical traditions.
It establishes the theory of Rasa and Bhava, which remains the core aesthetic philosophy for Classical Indian Dance forms like Bharatanatyam, Odissi, and Kathak.

Additional Information

Classical Languages of India:
Telugu: Primarily spoken in Andhra Pradesh and Telangana, it was designated as a classical language in 2008.
Kannada: The state language of Karnataka, known for its ancient literary history and Epigraphical records, awarded classical status in 2008.
Malayalam: Spoken in Kerala, it evolved from Middle Tamil and Sanskrit influences, receiving classical recognition in 2013.
Sanskrit: Considered the Mother of many Indo-Aryan languages, it was the first language to be declared a Classical Language of India in 2005.
Bharata Muni: A legendary figure who codified the Tandava dance (taught by Lord Shiva) and Lasya (associated with Goddess Parvati) within the Natyashastra.

Question 61

What is the primary function of the Supreme Court’s "Appellate Jurisdiction"?

AOption (a)
To hear appeals from state legislatures on legal interpretations
BOption (b)
To conduct judicial inquiries
COption (c)
To hear appeals from lower courts on legal interpretations
DOption (d)
To settle disputes between the Union and the States

हिंदी में देखें

सर्वोच्च न्यायालय के "अपीलीय क्षेत्राधिकार" का प्राथमिक कार्य क्या है?

(a)
कानूनी व्याख्याओं पर राज्य विधानसभाओं से अपील सुनना
(b)
न्यायिक जांच करना
(c)
कानूनी व्याख्याओं पर निचली अदालतों से अपील सुनना
(d)
संघ और राज्यों के बीच विवादों का निपटारा करना

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

To hear appeals from lower courts on legal interpretations

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is To hear appeals from lower courts on legal interpretations.

Key Points

The Appellate Jurisdiction of the Supreme Court is primarily defined under Articles 132, 133, 134, and 136 of the Indian Constitution, allowing it to hear appeals against judgments from High Courts and other lower judicial bodies.
This jurisdiction ensures that the Supreme Court acts as the final court of appeal in the country, maintaining uniformity in the interpretation of the law across different states and territories.
Appeals can be brought to the Supreme Court in civil, criminal, and constitutional matters if the case involves a substantial question of law that requires interpretation of the Constitution.
Under Article 136, the Supreme Court also possesses Special Leave Petition (SLP) powers, which grant it the discretion to hear an appeal against any judgment or order passed by any court or tribunal in India (except military tribunals).
The primary objective is to rectify legal errors or misinterpretations made by subordinate courts, ensuring justice is served at the highest level of the judiciary.

Additional Information

Original Jurisdiction:
Defined under Article 131, this allows the Supreme Court to settle disputes between the Government of India and one or more States, or between two or more States.
It serves as an exclusive power to resolve federal conflicts directly without the need for an appeal process.
Advisory Jurisdiction:
Under Article 143, the President of India may seek the opinion of the Supreme Court on matters of public importance or law.
The opinion provided by the court under this jurisdiction is not binding on the President.
Writ Jurisdiction:
Under Article 32, the Supreme Court can issue writs such as Habeas Corpus, Mandamus, and Quo Warranto for the enforcement of Fundamental Rights.
This makes the Supreme Court the protector and guarantor of the Fundamental Rights of citizens.

Question 62

What is the effect of the Himalayas on the climate of India during winter?

AOption (a)
They block cold winds from Central Asia
BOption (b)
They increase rainfall in north-eastern part of India
COption (c)
They cause high-pressure areas in the south
DOption (d)
They make summers hotter over southern parts of India

हिंदी में देखें

सर्दियों के दौरान भारत की जलवायु पर हिमालय का क्या प्रभाव पड़ता है?

(a)
वे मध्य एशिया से आने वाली ठंडी हवाओं को रोकते हैं
(b)
वे भारत के उत्तर-पूर्वी हिस्से में वर्षा बढ़ाते हैं
(c)
वे दक्षिण में उच्च दबाव वाले क्षेत्रों का कारण बनते हैं
(d)
वे भारत के दक्षिणी भागों में गर्मियों को अधिक गर्म बनाते हैं

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

They block cold winds from Central Asia

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is They block cold winds from Central Asia.

Key Points

The Himalayas act as a massive climatic barrier located along the northern borders of the Indian subcontinent, significantly influencing weather patterns. Hence, the statement about blocking cold winds is correct.
During the winter season, a high-pressure system develops in Central Asia and Siberia, generating extremely cold, dry winds that blow southward. Hence, the statement highlights the protective role of the mountain range.
Without the Himalayan range, these frigid continental air masses would sweep across the Indo-Gangetic Plains, making North India much colder, similar to the climate of Central Asian steppes. Hence, the range maintains the relatively subtropical climate of India during winter.
The average height of the Himalayas is approximately 6,000 meters, which is sufficient to obstruct the low-level cold winds from penetrating deep into the Indian interior. Hence, the range ensures that the Indian subcontinent experiences milder winters compared to other regions at similar latitudes.

Additional Information

Climatic Influence of Himalayas:
Monsoon Interaction: During the summer, the Himalayas trap the Southwest Monsoon winds, forcing them to shed their moisture as rain over the Northern Plains and the Northeast.
Western Disturbances: The mountains also interact with Jet Streams and Western Disturbances originating from the Mediterranean Sea, leading to winter snowfall in the Himalayan region and light rain in the plains.
Hydro-Climatic Source: They serve as the source for perennial rivers like the Indus, Ganga, and Brahmaputra, which are fed by the melting of Himalayan glaciers.
Thermal Barrier: By preventing the cold northern air from entering and the warm southern air from escaping, they help maintain the thermal gradient necessary for the monsoon mechanism.

Question 63

Which of the following institutes is a constituent unit of the Sangeet Natak Akademi?

AOption (a)
Jawaharlal Nehru Manipur Dance Academy
BOption (b)
Nrityalika
COption (c)
Centre for Cultural Resources and Training
DOption (d)
Kala Bhawan

हिंदी में देखें

निम्नलिखित में से कौन सा संस्थान संगीत नाटक अकादमी की एक घटक इकाई है?

(a)
जवाहरलाल नेहरू मणिपुर नृत्य अकादमी
(b)
नृत्यालिका
(c)
सांस्कृतिक संसाधन और प्रशिक्षण केंद्र
(d)
कला भवन

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

Jawaharlal Nehru Manipur Dance Academy

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is Jawaharlal Nehru Manipur Dance Academy.

Key Points

The Jawaharlal Nehru Manipur Dance Academy (JNMDA), located in Imphal, is a premier institution for the teaching of Manipuri Dance and music, and it functions as a constituent unit of the Sangeet Natak Akademi, New Delhi.
Established in 1954 as the Manipur Dance College, it was later renamed in honor of India's first Prime Minister; it serves as the apex body for the preservation of the Raas Leela and Sankirtana traditions.
The Sangeet Natak Akademi is the National Academy of Music, Dance and Drama in India, and it manages several specialized institutions to promote Indian classical arts.
The JNMDA offers comprehensive courses in Lai Haraoba, Thang-Ta (martial arts), and various percussion instruments like the Pung, ensuring the survival of Manipur's unique cultural heritage.

Additional Information

Centre for Cultural Resources and Training (CCRT)
Established in 1979, it is an autonomous organization under the Ministry of Culture, focused on linking education with culture rather than being a unit of the Sangeet Natak Akademi.
Kala Bhawan
This is the renowned institute of fine arts at Visva-Bharati University in Santiniketan, founded by Rabindranath Tagore in 1919, and is not administratively part of the Sangeet Natak Akademi.
Kathak Kendra
Located in New Delhi, this is another vital constituent unit of the Sangeet Natak Akademi, dedicated specifically to the Kathak dance form.
Sattriya Kendra
Established by the Akademi in Guwahati, Assam, to promote the Sattriya dance and music tradition initiated by the saint-reformer Srimanta Sankardev.

Question 64

Which movement was launched by Mahatma Gandhi in 1919 to protest against the Rowlatt Act?

AOption (a)
Quit India Movement
BOption (b)
Khilafat Movement
COption (c)
Satyagraha Movement
DOption (d)
Civil Disobedience Movement

हिंदी में देखें

रौलेट एक्ट के विरोध में 1919 में महात्मा गांधी द्वारा कौन सा आंदोलन शुरू किया गया था?

(a)
भारत छोड़ो आंदोलन
(b)
खिलाफत आंदोलन
(c)
सत्याग्रह आंदोलन
(d)
सविनय अवज्ञा आंदोलन

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

Satyagraha Movement

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is Satyagraha Movement.

Key Points

The Rowlatt Act, officially known as the Anarchical and Revolutionary Crimes Act of 1919, was passed by the Imperial Legislative Council in March 1919.
The act gave the British government enormous powers to repress political activities and allowed for the detention of political prisoners without trial for up to two years.
Mahatma Gandhi condemned the act as unjust and 'black' legislation, leading him to launch the Rowlatt Satyagraha in April 1919.
This movement was the first all-India struggle organized against the British colonial government, though it was largely restricted to cities.
Gandhi called for a nationwide hartal (strike) on 6 April 1919, which involved fasting and prayer as a means of non-violent resistance.
The intense protests against this act eventually led to the Jallianwala Bagh Massacre on 13 April 1919 in Amritsar, when General Dyer ordered troops to fire on a peaceful gathering.

Additional Information

Quit India Movement
Launched on 8 August 1942 at the Gowalia Tank Maidan in Bombay.
Known for the famous slogan 'Do or Die' given by Mahatma Gandhi during the Second World War.
Khilafat Movement
Initiated in 1919 by the Ali Brothers (Muhammad Ali and Shaukat Ali) to support the Caliph of Turkey.
Gandhi merged this movement with the Non-Cooperation Movement in 1920 to promote Hindu-Muslim unity.
Civil Disobedience Movement
Started on 12 March 1930 with the historic Dandi March to protest the Salt Tax.
Marked a major phase of the freedom struggle characterized by the breaking of salt laws across the Indian coastline.

Question 65

The largest and strongest bone in the human body supports body weight and plays a major role in movement, especially during walking, running, and jumping. What is the name of this bone?

AOption (a)
Pelvis
BOption (b)
Femur
COption (c)
Humerus
DOption (d)
Tibia

हिंदी में देखें

मानव शरीर की सबसे बड़ी और सबसे मजबूत हड्डी शरीर के वजन का समर्थन करती है और चलने, दौड़ने और कूदने के दौरान गति में महत्वपूर्ण भूमिका निभाती है। इस हड्डी का क्या नाम है?

(a)
पेल्विस (Pelvis)
(b)
फीमर (Femur)
(c)
ह्यूमरस (Humerus)
(d)
टिबिया (Tibia)

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

Femur

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is - Femur

Key Points

Femur
The femur, also known as the thigh bone, is the longest, heaviest, and strongest bone in the human body.
It extends from the hip to the knee and is responsible for supporting the weight of the upper body.
It plays a critical role in locomotion, providing the leverage necessary for activities like walking, running, and jumping.
The proximal end of the femur articulates with the acetabulum of the pelvis to form the hip joint, while the distal end articulates with the tibia and patella to form the knee joint.

Additional Information

Pelvis
The pelvis is a basin-shaped structure that connects the axial skeleton to the lower limbs and supports the visceral organs.
Humerus
The humerus is the long bone of the upper arm, extending from the shoulder to the elbow.
Tibia
The tibia, or shinbone, is the second largest bone in the body, located in the lower leg, and bears significant body weight.
Bone Strength
The femur is capable of resisting forces up to 30 times the weight of an adult, making it incredibly difficult to fracture under normal conditions.

General Knowledge 2 (10 questions)

Question 66

What was the major goal of the Goods and Services Tax (GST) introduced in 2017?

AOption (a)
To replace multiple indirect taxes with a unified system
BOption (b)
To regulate stock markets
COption (c)
To control inflation
DOption (d)
To increase direct tax collection

हिंदी में देखें

2017 में लागू किए गए वस्तु एवं सेवा कर (GST) का मुख्य लक्ष्य क्या था?

(a)
अनेक अप्रत्यक्ष करों को एक एकीकृत प्रणाली से बदलना
(b)
शेयर बाजारों को विनियमित करना
(c)
मुद्रास्फीति को नियंत्रित करना
(d)
प्रत्यक्ष कर संग्रह को बढ़ाना

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

To replace multiple indirect taxes with a unified system

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is To replace multiple indirect taxes with a unified system.

Key Points

The Goods and Services Tax (GST) was launched in India on July 1, 2017, through the 101^st Constitution Amendment Act to achieve the vision of 'One Nation, One Tax'.
The primary objective was to eliminate the cascading effect of taxes, which refers to the tax-on-tax phenomenon that occurred under the previous fragmented tax regime.
GST subsumed several Central indirect taxes, such as Central Excise Duty, Service Tax, and Additional Customs Duty, alongside State indirect taxes like VAT, Entry Tax, and Luxury Tax.
By creating a unified common market, it simplified compliance for businesses and increased the efficiency of the logistics sector by removing interstate tax barriers.
The tax is governed by the GST Council, chaired by the Union Finance Minister, ensuring a cooperative federalist structure for tax administration.

Additional Information

Indirect Tax vs. Direct Tax
Indirect Taxes: These are levied on goods and services rather than income. GST is the most prominent example, where the burden is shifted to the final consumer.
Direct Taxes: These are levied directly on the income or wealth of individuals and corporations, such as Income Tax and Corporate Tax, and were not replaced by GST.
Regulatory Bodies
SEBI (Securities and Exchange Board of India): This is the statutory body responsible for regulating stock markets and protecting investor interests, a function entirely distinct from GST.
RBI (Reserve Bank of India): It manages monetary policy to control inflation and ensure price stability through instruments like the Repo Rate and Reverse Repo Rate.

Question 67

Which initiative was highlighted in the Union Budget 2026–27 to specifically integrate and strengthen the Khadi, Handloom, and Handicraft sectors through a "Vocal for Local" framework?

AOption (a)
PM-Vishwakarma Scheme
BOption (b)
PM-MITRA Mega Textile Parks
COption (c)
Mahatma Gandhi Gram Swaraj Initiative
DOption (d)
National Technical Textiles Mission

हिंदी में देखें

केंद्रीय बजट 2026-27 में विशेष रूप से "वोकल फॉर लोकल" ढांचे के माध्यम से खादी, हथकरघा और हस्तशिल्प क्षेत्रों को एकीकृत और मजबूत करने के लिए किस पहल पर प्रकाश डाला गया था?

(a)
पीएम-विश्वकर्मा योजना
(b)
पीएम-मित्रा मेगा टेक्सटाइल पार्क
(c)
महात्मा गांधी ग्राम स्वराज पहल
(d)
राष्ट्रीय तकनीकी वस्त्र मिशन

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

Mahatma Gandhi Gram Swaraj Initiative

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is Mahatma Gandhi Gram Swaraj Initiative.

Key Points

The Union Budget 2026−27 introduced the Mahatma Gandhi Gram Swaraj Initiative to transform rural livelihoods by integrating traditional cottage industries.
The primary objective of this scheme is to systematically integrate the Khadi, Handloom, and Handicraft sectors under a unified development model.
The initiative leverages the Vocal for Local framework to enhance market linkages, improve product design, and facilitate digital onboarding for rural artisans.
It aims to strengthen the decentralized rural economy by providing financial assistance, modern tools, and skill upgradation directly to rural weavers and artisans.

Additional Information

PM-Vishwakarma Scheme
Launched in September 2023 to support traditional artisans and craftspeople using hands and tools.
Provides end-to-end support including skill verification, toolkit incentive, collateral-free credit, and marketing support.
PM-MITRA Mega Textile Parks
Aims to set up 7 PM Mega Integrated Textile Region and Apparel parks.
Designed to position India strongly on the global textiles map by integrating the entire value chain from farm to fiber to fabric to fashion to foreign.
National Technical Textiles Mission
Launched with an outlay of 1,480 crore INR to position India as a global leader in Technical Textiles.
Focuses on research, development, market promotion, and export enhancement of high-tech textile applications.

Question 68

In December 2025, who became the second Indian woman batter after Mithali Raj to score more than 10,000 international runs?

AOption (a)
Shafali Verma
BOption (b)
Jemimah Rodrigues
COption (c)
Harmanpreet Kaur
DOption (d)
Smriti Mandhana

हिंदी में देखें

दिसंबर 2025 में, मिताली राज के बाद 10,000 से अधिक अंतर्राष्ट्रीय रन बनाने वाली दूसरी भारतीय महिला बल्लेबाज कौन बनीं?

(a)
शेफाली वर्मा
(b)
जेमिमा रोड्रिग्स
(c)
हरमनप्रीत कौर
(d)
स्मृति मंधाना

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

Smriti Mandhana

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is Smriti Mandhana.

Key Points

Indian opening batter Smriti Mandhana scripted history in December 2025 by becoming only the second Indian woman cricketer to cross the monumental milestone of 10,000 international runs.
She joined the legendary former captain Mithali Raj as the only other Indian woman to achieve this feat in international cricket.
Mandhana achieved this landmark during India's bilateral series, showcasing her consistency across all three formats of the game: Test matches, One Day Internationals (ODIs), and Twenty20 Internationals (T20Is).
Known for her elegant left-handed batting style, she has been a mainstay of the Indian national team since her debut in 2013.

Additional Information

Mithali Raj:
She is the highest run-scorer in women's international cricket and the first Indian woman to cross the 10,000-run mark, retiring with over 10,000 international runs including 7,805 ODI runs.
Harmanpreet Kaur:
The current all-format captain of the Indian women's team, renowned for her explosive batting and leadership, particularly her historic 171 not out in the 2017 ICC Women's World Cup semifinal.
Shafali Verma:
A dynamic young opening batter who holds the record for being the youngest Indian cricketer to play in all three international formats and known for her aggressive power-hitting.

Question 69

Why do the interior parts of India experience extreme climatic conditions?

AOption (a)
Due to proximity to the Tropic of Cancer
BOption (b)
Due to dense forest cover
COption (c)
Due to high altitude and steep slopes
DOption (d)
Due to lack of maritime influence

हिंदी में देखें

भारत के आंतरिक भागों में चरम जलवायु परिस्थितियों का अनुभव क्यों होता है?

(a)
कर्क रेखा की निकटता के कारण
(b)
सघन वन आवरण के कारण
(c)
उच्च ऊंचाई और खड़ी ढलानों के कारण
(d)
समुद्र के प्रभाव की कमी के कारण

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

Due to lack of maritime influence

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is Due to lack of maritime influence.

Key Points

The interior parts of India, located far from the Indian Ocean, Arabian Sea, and Bay of Bengal, experience a phenomenon known as continentality or the Distance from the Sea effect.
Regions near the coast benefit from the moderating influence of the sea, where land breezes and sea breezes regulate temperatures, resulting in low annual ranges of temperature.
As one moves away from the coast toward the interior, this maritime influence decreases, causing the land to heat up rapidly in summer and cool down quickly in winter.
This lack of moisture-laden winds reaching the deep interiors leads to extreme climatic conditions, characterized by very high temperatures during summers and very low temperatures during winters.

Additional Information

Continentality:
It refers to the measure of the difference between continental and marine climates characterized by the increased range of temperatures that occurs over land compared with water.
In India, cities like Delhi, Kanpur, and Amritsar exhibit high thermal variations compared to coastal cities like Mumbai or Chennai.
Tropic of Cancer:
Passing through the middle of India, it divides the country into the tropical zone (south) and sub-tropical zone (north), influencing solar insulation but not being the primary cause for extreme seasonal variations in the interior.
Altitude and Relief:
While the Himalayas and Western Ghats influence local precipitation and temperature, high altitude generally leads to cooler climates rather than the specific 'extreme' (hot and cold) fluctuations seen in the Northern Plains.

Question 70

Who is the current Union Minister of Culture in 2026?

AOption (a)
Rao Inderjit Singh
BOption (b)
Gajendra Singh Shekhawat
COption (c)
G. Kishan Reddy
DOption (d)
Arjun Ram Meghwal

हिंदी में देखें

2026 में वर्तमान केंद्रीय संस्कृति मंत्री कौन हैं?

(a)
राव इंद्रजीत सिंह
(b)
गजेंद्र सिंह शेखावत
(c)
जी. किशन रेड्डी
(d)
अर्जुन राम मेघवाल

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

Gajendra Singh Shekhawat

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is Gajendra Singh Shekhawat.

Key Points

Gajendra Singh Shekhawat assumed the office of the Union Minister of Culture following the formation of the 18^th Lok Sabha in 2024 and continues to serve in this capacity into 2026.
He represents the Jodhpur constituency in Rajasthan and is a prominent leader within the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP).
The Ministry of Culture is tasked with the preservation and promotion of India's art, culture, and heritage, overseeing various organizations like the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) and the National Archives of India.
Under his leadership, the ministry has focused on the rejuvenation of spiritual sites and the global promotion of Indian cultural diplomacy through initiatives like Azadi Ka Amrit Mahotsav legacies.

Additional Information

G. Kishan Reddy:
He served as the Union Minister of Culture and Tourism during the 17^th Lok Sabha (2021−2024).
Currently, he holds the portfolio of Minister of Coal and Mines in the Union Cabinet.
Arjun Ram Meghwal:
He is a veteran leader from Rajasthan serving as the Minister of State (Independent Charge) for the Ministry of Law and Justice.
He has previously served as the Minister of State for Culture.
Rao Inderjit Singh:
He currently serves as the Minister of State (Independent Charge) of the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation and the Ministry of Planning.
He is a representative from the Gurugram constituency in Haryana.

Question 71

What is the primary purpose of the India Infrastructure Finance Company Ltd. (IIFCL)?

AOption (a)
To leverage investment in infrastructure projects
BOption (b)
To provide loans to government infrastructure projects
COption (c)
To oversee private sector investments in infrastructure
DOption (d)
To manage India's infrastructure portfolio

हिंदी में देखें

इंडिया इंफ्रास्ट्रक्चर फाइनेंस कंपनी लिमिटेड (IIFCL) का प्राथमिक उद्देश्य क्या है?

(a)
बुन��यादी ढांचा परियोजनाओं में निवेश का लाभ उठाना (लीवरेज करना)
(b)
सरकारी बुनियादी ढांचा परियोजनाओं को ऋण प्रदान करना
(c)
बुनियादी ढांचे में निजी क्षेत्र के निवेश की निगरानी करना
(d)
भारत के बुनियादी ढांचा पोर्टफोलियो का प्रबंधन करना

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

To leverage investment in infrastructure projects

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is To leverage investment in infrastructure projects.

Key Points

India Infrastructure Finance Company Ltd. (IIFCL) is a wholly-owned Government of India company set up in 2006 to provide long-term financial assistance to viable infrastructure projects.
The primary objective is to leverage investment by providing long-term debt for infrastructure projects, which typically have long gestation periods and struggle to find funding through traditional commercial banks.
It supports projects in diverse sectors such as transportation, energy, water, sanitation, and communication, strictly following the Scheme for Financing Viable Infrastructure Projects (SIFTI).
By providing subordinate debt and refinancing, it enables private and public sector players to mobilize additional capital, thereby bridging the infrastructure financing gap in the country.

Additional Information

Evolution and Governance:
It was incorporated under the Companies Act, 1956 and is registered as a Non-Banking Financial Company-Infrastructure Finance Company (NBFC-IFC) with the Reserve Bank of India (RBI).
The organization plays a crucial role in the National Infrastructure Pipeline (NIP), supporting the government's target of reaching a 5 trillion dollar economy.
It offers various products including Direct Lending, Takeout Finance, and Credit Enhancement to improve the credit rating of infrastructure bonds.
IIFCL also raises funds from international markets and multilateral agencies like the World Bank and Asian Development Bank (ADB) to channelize low-cost funds into Indian greenfield and brownfield projects.

Question 72

Which institution is primarily responsible for formulating monetary policy in India?

AOption (a)
Ministry of Finance
BOption (b)
Securities and Exchange Board of India
COption (c)
Reserve Bank of India
DOption (d)
NITI Aayog

हिंदी में देखें

भारत में मौद्रिक नीति तैयार करने के लिए मुख्य रूप से कौन सी संस्था जिम्मेदार है?

(a)
वित्त मंत्रालय
(b)
भारतीय प्रतिभूति और विनिमय बोर्ड
(c)
भारतीय रिजर्व बैंक
(d)
नीति आयोग

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

Reserve Bank of India

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is Reserve Bank of India.

Key Points

The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) is the central bank of the country and is the primary authority for formulating and implementing the monetary policy aimed at maintaining price stability while keeping the objective of growth in mind.
The Monetary Policy Committee (MPC), established under the Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934, is tasked with fixing the benchmark policy rate (Repo Rate) to contain inflation within the specified target level.
The RBI manages the supply of money and interest rates using various instruments such as Open Market Operations (OMO), Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR), and Statutory Liquidity Ratio (SLR) to regulate the economy.
The amended RBI Act of 1934 provides for a statutory basis for the Flexible Inflation Targeting framework, where the Government of India, in consultation with the RBI, sets the inflation target every five years.

Additional Information

Ministry of Finance:
Responsible for the Fiscal Policy of India, which includes taxation, public expenditure, and the Union Budget.
Administers Department of Economic Affairs and Department of Revenue.
Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI):
Acts as the regulatory body for the securities and commodity market in India under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Finance.
Protects the interests of investors and promotes the development of the capital market.
NITI Aayog:
Formed on January 1, 2015, replacing the Planning Commission as a policy think tank.
Focuses on Cooperative Federalism and provides strategic and technical advice to the Central and State governments.

Question 73

Who was sworn in as the new Chief Minister of Manipur after the revocation of President’s Rule in February 2026?

AOption (a)
Okran lbobi singh
BOption (b)
Yumnam Khemchand Singh
COption (c)
Longjam Thambou Singh
DOption (d)
Radhabinod Koijam

हिंदी में देखें

फरवरी 2026 में राष्ट्रपति शासन हटने के बाद मणिपुर के नए मुख्यमंत्री के रूप में किसने शपथ ली?

(a)
ओकरम इबोबी सिंह
(b)
युमनाम खेमचंद सिंह
(c)
लोंगजम थाम्बो सिंह
(d)
राधाबिनोद कोइजाम

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

Radhabinod Koijam

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is Radhabinod Koijam.

Key Points

The question contains a chronological error by mentioning the year 2026; however, based on the historical context of President’s Rule in Manipur and the specific individuals listed as options, the event refers to February 2001.
Radhabinod Koijam, a leader from the Samata Party, was sworn in as the Chief Minister of Manipur on February 15, 2001, following a period of political instability and the revocation of President’s Rule.
His appointment followed the collapse of the Wahengbam Nipamacha Singh government; however, Radhabinod Koijam held the office for a very short duration, specifically only until May 2001, after losing a vote of confidence in the assembly.
The imposition and revocation of President's Rule under Article 356 of the Indian Constitution has occurred multiple times in Manipur due to shifting alliances and ethnic tensions within the state's legislative framework.

Additional Information

Okram Ibobi Singh:
He is one of the longest-serving Chief Ministers of Manipur, representing the Indian National Congress.
He served three consecutive terms from 2002 to 2017, but he was not the one sworn in immediately after the February 2001 transition.
President's Rule in Manipur:
Manipur has been placed under President's Rule approximately ten times since its attainment of statehood in 1972.
The period in 2001 was particularly volatile, leading to the brief tenure of the People's Front coalition led by Radhabinod Koijam.

Question 74

Which among the following technologies-based systems to support climate resilient farming was launched in Hyderabad in July 2025 by the International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, in partnership with the Indian Council of Agricultural Research and other organizations?

AOption (a)
Drone-assisted precision irrigation management tool
BOption (b)
Satellite imagery-based crop insurance platform
COption (c)
Artificial Intelligence-powered climate advisory service
DOption (d)
Blockchain-enabled agricultural market linkage system

हिंदी में देखें

जुलाई 2025 में हैदराबाद में इंटरनेशनल क्रॉप्स रिसर्च इंस्टीट्यूट फॉर द सेमी-एरिड ट्रॉपिक्स द्वारा भारतीय कृषि अनुसंधान परिषद और अन्य संगठनों के साथ साझेदारी में जलवायु-अनुकूल खेती का समर्थन करने के लिए निम्नलिखित में से कौन सी तकनीक-आधारित प्रणाली शुरू की गई थी?

(a)
ड्रोन-सहायता प्राप्त सटीक सिंचाई प्रबंधन उपकरण
(b)
उपग्रह इमेजरी-आधारित फसल बीमा मंच
(c)
आर्टिफिशियल इंटेलिजेंस-संचालित जलवायु सलाहकार सेवा
(d)
ब्लॉकचेन-सक्षम कृषि बाजार लिंक प्रणाली

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

Artificial Intelligence-powered climate advisory service

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is Artificial Intelligence-powered climate advisory service.

Key Points

In July 2025, the International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), in partnership with the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) and other global organizations, launched an Artificial Intelligence-powered climate advisory service in Hyderabad.
This technology-driven system is designed to support climate-resilient farming by providing real-time, hyper-local weather forecasts, pest outbreak predictions, and customized crop management advisories to smallholder farmers.
The platform leverages advanced machine learning algorithms and historical agricultural data to minimize risks associated with climate variability, helping farmers optimize resource use like water and fertilizers.

Additional Information

ICRISAT:
It is an international organization conducting agricultural research for development in the drylands of Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, headquartered in Patancheru, Hyderabad, Telangana.
It was founded in 1972 by a coalition of organizations convened by the Ford and Rockefeller Foundations.
ICAR:
The Indian Council of Agricultural Research is an autonomous body responsible for co-ordinating agricultural education and research in India, functioning under the Department of Agricultural Research and Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare.
It is headquartered in New Delhi and is one of the largest national agricultural systems in the world.

Question 75

According to the Global Innovation Index (GII) 2025, which country secured the first rank as the most innovative economy in the world for the 15^th consecutive year?

AOption (a)
Singapore
BOption (b)
Sweden
COption (c)
The United States of America
DOption (d)
Switzerland

हिंदी में देखें

ग्लोबल इनोवेशन इंडेक्स (GII) 2025 के अनुसार, किस देश ने लगातार 15वें वर्ष दुनिया की सबसे नवीन अर्थव्यवस्था के रूप में पहला स्थान प्राप्त किया है?

(a)
सिंगापुर
(b)
स्वीडन
(c)
संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका
(d)
स्विट्जरलैंड

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

Switzerland

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is Switzerland.

Key Points

Switzerland has been ranked as the most innovative economy in the world according to the Global Innovation Index (GII) 2025, marking its 15^th consecutive year at the top spot.
The Global Innovation Index is published annually by the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), a specialized agency of the United Nations.
The index evaluates 133 economies based on approximately 80 indicators, including measures of human capital, institutions, market sophistication, business sophistication, and knowledge and technology outputs.
Switzerland consistently excels in intellectual property filings, high-tech manufacturing, and the quality of its research institutions and universities.
The 2025 report highlights a shifting landscape in innovation, though Switzerland maintains its dominance through robust Research and Development (R&D) investments and a stable political environment for businesses.

Additional Information

Other Top Performers:
Sweden consistently ranks in the top three due to its strong digital infrastructure and knowledge-intensive services.
The United States of America remains a leader in software spending, market capitalization, and the presence of Global R&D companies.
Singapore often leads the Innovation Input category, benefiting from a highly efficient government and strategic location in Southeast Asia.
WIPO (World Intellectual Property Organization):
Established in 1967, it is headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland.
It manages international Intellectual Property (IP) systems and serves as a global forum for IP services and policy.
Innovation Trends:
The GII 2025 emphasizes the role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and green technology as primary drivers of future economic growth.

Arithmetic 1 (15 questions)

Question 76

A man buys a pen for ₹100 and sells it at 20% profit. The buyer sells it again at 10% profit. What is the final selling price?

AOption (a)
₹132
BOption (b)
₹130
COption (c)
₹127
DOption (d)
₹125

हिंदी में देखें

एक व्यक्ति ₹100 में एक पेन खरीदता है और उसे 20% लाभ पर बेचता है। खरीदार इसे फिर से 10% लाभ पर बेचता है। अंतिम विक्रय मूल्य क्या है?

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

₹132

Why this answer is correct

Shortcut Trick

Apply the successive percentage method: Final SP = CP × (100 + P₁)% × (100 + P₂)%

Final SP = 100 × 1.20 × 1.10

Final SP = 100 × 1.32 = ₹132

∴ The correct answer is ₹132.

Alternate Method

Given: Initial Cost Price (CP) = ₹100, First Profit = 20%, Second Profit = 10%

Formula: Selling Price (SP) = CP × (100 + Profit%)/100

⇒ First Selling Price (SP₁) = 100 + (20% of 100)

⇒ SP₁ = 100 + 20 = ₹120

⇒ This SP₁ becomes the Cost Price for the second buyer.

⇒ Final Selling Price (SP₂) = 120 + (10% of 120)

⇒ SP₂ = 120 + 12 = ₹132

∴ The correct answer is ₹132.

Additional Information

Successive Profit/Loss Formula

The effective percentage change for two successive changes a% and b% is given by [a + b + (a × b)/100]%.

Effective Profit Calculation

In this case, effective profit = 20 + 10 + (20 × 10)/100 = 32%. Final SP = 100 + 32% of 100 = ₹132.

Marked Price and Discount

Selling Price can also be calculated as Marked Price × (100 − Discount%)/100.

Question 77

A stationery shop offers a scheme: "Buy 10 notebooks, get 2 free." The marked price of each notebook is ₹25. Priya wants to buy 24 notebooks. How much money will she save by using this scheme compared to buying them at regular price?

AOption (a)
₹75
BOption (b)
₹100
COption (c)
₹150
DOption (d)
₹125

हिंदी में देखें

एक स्टेशनरी की दुकान एक योजना पेश करती है: "10 नोटबुक खरीदें, 2 मुफ्त पाएं।" प्रत्येक नोटबुक का अंकित मूल्य ₹25 है। प्रिया 24 नोटबुक खरीदना चाहती है। नियमित मूल्य पर खरीदने की तुलना में इस योजना का उपयोग करके वह कितने पैसे बचाएगी?

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

₹100

Why this answer is correct

Shortcut Trick

In the scheme Buy 10, Get 2 Free, a total of 12 notebooks are received for the price of 10.

To get 24 notebooks, she needs to buy 2 sets of this scheme (12 × 2 = 24).

Total Free Notebooks = 2 × 2 = 4 notebooks.

Total Savings = Number of free notebooks × Price per notebook = 4 × ₹25 = ₹100.

∴ The correct answer is ₹100.

Alternate Method

Given: Marked Price (MP) per notebook = ₹25. Scheme = Buy 10 Get 2 Free. Total notebooks required = 24.

⇒ Regular Price for 24 notebooks = 24 × 25 = ₹600.

⇒ Under the scheme, for every 12 notebooks (10+2), Priya pays for only 10.

⇒ Number of sets of 12 notebooks in 24 = 24 ÷ 12 = 2 sets.

⇒ Total notebooks paid for = 2 × 10 = 20 notebooks.

⇒ Scheme Price paid = 20 × 25 = ₹500.

⇒ Money Saved = Regular Price − Scheme Price = 600 − 500 = ₹100.

∴ The correct answer is ₹100.

Additional Information

Buy X Get Y Free Discount Percentage

The effective discount percentage in such schemes is calculated as: [Free Items (Y) ÷ Total Items (X+Y)] × 100.

Effective Discount in this problem

Discount % = [2 ÷ (10 + 2)] × 100 = 2/12 × 100 = 16.66%.

Total Savings Formula

Total Savings = (Total items received × MP) − (Items paid for × MP).

Question 78

Rita buys an old scooter for ₹4,700 and spends ₹800 on its repairs. If she sells the scooter for ₹5,800, her gain percent is:

AOption (a)
\(5\frac{4}{11}%\)
BOption (b)
\(4\frac{4}{11}%\)
COption (c)
\(5\frac{5}{11}%\)
DOption (d)
\(4\frac{5}{11}%\)

हिंदी में देखें

रीता ₹4,700 में एक पुराना स्कूटर खरीदती है और इसकी मरम्मत पर ₹800 खर्च करती है। यदि वह स्कूटर को ₹5,800 में बेचती है, तो उसका लाभ प्रतिशत है:

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

\(5\frac{5}{11}%\)

Why this answer is correct

Shortcut Trick

Total Cost Price = Purchase Price + Repair Cost = 4700 + 800 = ₹5500

Gain = Selling Price − Total Cost Price = 5800 − 5500 = ₹300

Gain % = (Gain ÷ Cost Price) × 100 = (300 ÷ 5500) × 100 = 60/11%

Gain % = 5(5/11)%

∴ The correct answer is 5(5/11)%.

Alternate Method

Given:

Purchase Price = ₹4,700

Repair Expenses = ₹800

Selling Price (SP) = ₹5,800

Formula Used:

Total CP = Purchase Price + Overheads

Gain % = [(SP − CP) ÷ CP] × 100

Calculations:

⇒ Total CP = 4700 + 800 = ₹5,500

⇒ Profit = 5800 − 5500 = ₹300

⇒ Gain % = (300 ÷ 5500) × 100

⇒ Gain % = 300 ÷ 55 = 60 ÷ 11

⇒ Gain % = 5(5/11)%

∴ The correct answer is 5(5/11)%.

Additional Information

Overhead Expenses

Any additional money spent on repairs, transport, or labor after buying an article is added to the Cost Price to find the effective CP.

Profit and Loss Percentage

Profit % or Loss % is always calculated on the Cost Price (CP) unless stated otherwise in the question.

Basic Relation

SP = CP × [ (100 + Gain%) ÷ 100 ] if there is a gain.

Question 79

A shopkeeper marks an article at ₹x and offers a discount of 60% on it. He sells it for ₹396 after charging a VAT of 20% on the discounted price. What is the value of x?

AOption (a)
1,100
BOption (b)
1,000
COption (c)
700
DOption (d)
825

हिंदी में देखें

एक दुकानदार एक वस्तु पर ₹x अंकित करता है और उस पर 60% की छूट प्रदान करता है। वह छूट वाले मूल्य पर 20% का VAT वसूलने के बाद इसे ₹396 में बेचता है। x का मान क्या है?

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

825

Why this answer is correct

Shortcut Trick

Let the Marked Price be 100 units.

Discounted Price = 100 − 60 = 40 units.

Selling Price with 20% VAT = 40 × 1.20 = 48 units.

Given, 48 units = ₹396 ⇒ 1 unit = 396 ÷ 48 = 8.25.

x (Marked Price) = 100 × 8.25 = ₹825.

∴ The correct answer is ₹825.

Alternate Method

Given:

Marked Price = ₹x

Discount = 60%

VAT Rate = 20%

Final Selling Price = ₹396

Calculations:

⇒ Price after Discount = x × (100 − 60)/100 = 0.4x

⇒ Selling Price with VAT = 0.4x × (100 + 20)/100 = 396

⇒ 0.4x × 1.2 = 396

⇒ 0.48x = 396

⇒ x = 396 ÷ 0.48

⇒ x = 825

∴ The correct answer is ₹825.

Additional Information

Marked Price and Discount

Discount is always calculated on the Marked Price (MP). Formula: SP = MP × (100 − D%)/100.

VAT and Sales Tax

Value Added Tax (VAT) is calculated on the Selling Price (SP) after all discounts have been applied.

Successive Percentage Change

When multiple changes occur, the effective factor is the product of individual factors: Result = Initial × F₁ × F₂.

Question 80

A students marks were incorrectly entered as 51 instead of 84 got decreased by \(\frac{3}{2}\). What is the number of students in the class?

AOption (a)
22
BOption (b)
23
COption (c)
16
DOption (d)
17

हिंदी में देखें

एक छात्र के अंक गलती से 84 के बजाय 51 दर्ज किए गए, जिससे औसत \(\frac{3}{2}\) कम हो गया। कक्षा में छात्रों की संख्या कितनी है?

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

Why this answer is correct

Shortcut Trick

Change in total marks = Actual marks − Incorrect marks = 84 − 51 = 33.

Change in average = 3/2 = 1.5.

Number of students = Total Change ÷ Average Change = 33 ÷ 1.5 = 22.

∴ The correct answer is 22 students.

Alternate Method

Given: Incorrect marks = 51, Correct marks = 84, Average decrease = 3/2.

Formula: Total Change = Number of Students × Average Change

⇒ Let the number of students be 'n'.

⇒ Total decrease in marks = 84 − 51 = 33.

⇒ Decrease in average = 1.5.

⇒ n × 1.5 = 33

⇒ n = 33 ÷ 1.5

⇒ n = 22.

∴ The correct answer is 22 students.

Additional Information

Average Concept

Average = Total Sum ÷ Number of Entities. If the sum changes by 'x' and number of entities is 'n', then average changes by x/n.

Weighted Average

Used when different groups have different weights: Avg_w = (n₁a₁ + n₂a₂) ÷ (n₁ + n₂).

Question 81

If the price of a property increased to ₹5,22,000 from ₹4,50,000, then find the percentage increase.

AOption (a)
16%
BOption (b)
13%
COption (c)
11%
DOption (d)
14%

हिंदी में देखें

यदि किसी संपत्ति की कीमत ₹4,50,000 से बढ़कर ₹5,22,000 हो गई, तो प्रतिशत वृद्धि ज्ञात कीजिए।

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

16%

Why this answer is correct

Shortcut Trick

Initial Price = 4,50,000 | Final Price = 5,22,000

Increase = 5,22,000 − 4,50,000 = 72,000

Percentage Increase = (72,000 ÷ 4,50,000) × 100 = 72/4.5 = 16%

∴ The correct answer is 16%.

Alternate Method

Given:

Original Price = ₹4,50,000

New Price = ₹5,22,000

Formula Used:

Percentage Increase = [(New Value − Old Value) ÷ Old Value] × 100

Calculations:

⇒ Increase in value = 5,22,000 − 4,50,000

⇒ Increase in value = ₹72,000

⇒ Percentage Increase = (72,000 ÷ 4,50,000) × 100

⇒ Percentage Increase = (720 ÷ 45)%

⇒ Percentage Increase = 16%

∴ The correct answer is 16%.

Additional Information

Percentage Change

Percentage change always uses the initial (original) value as the denominator. Percentage Change = (Difference ÷ Original Value) × 100.

Percentage Decrease

If the price falls, Percentage Decrease = [(Old Value − New Value) ÷ Old Value] × 100.

Multiplying Factor

An increase of 16% is equivalent to multiplying the original value by 1.16 (i.e., 1 + 16/100).

Question 82

The bar graph below shows the sales (in units) of four different products (Product 1, Product 2, Product 3, and Product 4) during the first six months of the year (January to June).

Sales in first half year

Product 1, Product 2, Product 3, Product 4, Sales in Units

Month, January, February, March, April, May, June

For the month with the highest total sales, determine the increase in the total number of units sold across all products compared to the previous month.

AOption (a)
5000
BOption (b)
8000
COption (c)
6000
DOption (d)
7000

हिंदी में देखें

नीच�� दिया गया बार ग्राफ वर्ष के पहले छह महीनों (जनवरी से जून) के दौरान चार अलग-अलग उत्पादों (उत्पाद 1, उत्पाद 2, उत्पाद 3 और उत्पाद 4) की बिक्री (इकाइयों में) को दर्शाता है।

Sales in first half year = वर्ष की पहली छमाही में बिक्री

Product 1 = उत्पाद 1, Product 2 = उत्पाद 2, Product 3 = उत्पाद 3, Product 4 = उत्पाद 4, Sales in Units = इकाइयों में बिक्री

Month = महीना, January = जनवरी, February = फ़रवरी, March = मार्च, April = अप्रैल, May = मई, June = जून

जिस महीने में कुल बिक्री सबसे अधिक हुई, उस महीने में सभी उत्पादों की कुल बेची गई इकाइयों की संख्या में पिछले महीने की तुलना में हुई वृद्धि ज्ञात कीजिए।

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

5000

Why this answer is correct

Given:

Month	Product 1	Product 2	Product 3	Product 4
January	1200	1400	1300	1500
February	1000	1600	1700	1400
March	6000	7000	9000	5000
April	7000	8000	9000	8000
May	3000	5000	4000	6000
June	2500	3500	4500	3400

Formula Used:

Total Sales per Month = Sales of (Product 1 + Product 2 + Product 3 + Product 4)

Increase in Sales = Total Sales (Current Month) − Total Sales (Previous Month)

Calculation:

First, we calculate the total sales for each month to identify the month with the highest sales:

⇒ Total Sales (January) = 1200 + 1400 + 1300 + 1500 = 5400 units

⇒ Total Sales (February) = 1000 + 1600 + 1700 + 1400 = 5700 units

⇒ Total Sales (March) = 6000 + 7000 + 9000 + 5000 = 27000 units

⇒ Total Sales (April) = 7000 + 8000 + 9000 + 8000 = 32000 units

⇒ Total Sales (May) = 3000 + 5000 + 4000 + 6000 = 18000 units

⇒ Total Sales (June) = 2500 + 3500 + 4500 + 3400 = 13900 units

Comparing the totals, the month with the highest total sales is April (32000 units).

Now, we determine the increase in total units sold in April compared to the previous month (March):

⇒ Increase = Total Sales (April) − Total Sales (March)

⇒ Increase = 32000 − 27000

⇒ Increase = 5000 units

∴ The correct answer is 5000.

Question 83

In what ratio must a grocer mix two varieties of wheat worth ₹49 per kg and ₹77 per kg so that if he sells the mixture at ₹87 per kg he may gain 45%?

AOption (a)
19:12
BOption (b)
27:16
COption (c)
23:15
DOption (d)
17:11

हिंदी में देखें

एक पंसारी को ₹49 प्रति किग्रा और ₹77 प्रति किग्रा मूल्य वाली गेहूं की दो किस्मों को किस अनुपात में मिलाना चाहिए ताकि यदि वह मिश्रण को ₹87 प्रति किग्रा पर बेचता है तो उसे 45% का लाभ हो?

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

17:11

Why this answer is correct

Shortcut Trick

Cost Price (CP) of mixture = Selling Price (SP) ÷ (1 + Gain%)

CP of mixture = 87 ÷ 1.45 = ₹60 per kg

Apply Alligation: (77 − 60) : (60 − 49) = 17 : 11

∴ The correct answer is 17:11.

Alternate Method

Given:

CP of Variety 1 = ₹49/kg

CP of Variety 2 = ₹77/kg

SP of Mixture = ₹87/kg

Profit percentage = 45%

Formula Used:

CP = SP × [100 / (100 + Profit%)]

Alligation Ratio = (CP₂ − Mean CP) : (Mean CP − CP₁)

Calculations:

⇒ CP of the mixture = 87 × (100 / 145)

⇒ CP of the mixture = 87 × (20 / 29)

⇒ CP of the mixture = 3 × 20 = ₹60 per kg

⇒ Required Ratio = (77 − 60) : (60 − 49)

⇒ Required Ratio = 17 : 11

∴ The correct answer is 17:11.

Additional Information

Rule of Alligation

It is used to find the ratio in which two ingredients at given prices must be mixed to produce a mixture of a specific price. Note that all values (CP1, CP2, and Mean Price) must be in the same unit and category (all CP or all SP).

Profit and Cost Price Relation

If a product is sold at a gain of G%, then CP = [100 / (100 + G)] × SP. This conversion is mandatory before applying alligation if the selling price is given with a profit.

Mean Price Property

The mean price (Cost Price of mixture) always lies between the individual cost prices of the two varieties being mixed (CP₁ < Mean CP < CP₂).

Question 84

Find the number of years in which ₹1,300 will amount to ₹2,600 at a rate of 10% simple interest per annum.

AOption (a)
12
BOption (b)
11
COption (c)
9
DOption (d)
10

हिंदी में देखें

उन वर्षों की संख्या ज्ञात कीजिए जिनमें ₹1,300 की राशि 10% वार्षिक साधारण ब्याज की दर से ₹2,600 हो जाएगी।

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

Why this answer is correct

Shortcut Trick

When an Amount becomes Double the Principal, the Simple Interest equals the Principal.

For the amount to double (100% growth), Time × Rate = 100.

10 × Time = 100

Time = 10 years.

∴ The correct answer is 10 years.

Alternate Method

Given:

Principal (P) = ₹1,300

Amount (A) = ₹2,600

Rate (R) = 10% per annum

Formula Used:

Simple Interest (SI) = Amount − Principal

SI = (P × R × T) ÷ 100

Calculations:

⇒ Simple Interest (SI) = 2,600 − 1,300 = ₹1,300

⇒ 1,300 = (1,300 × 10 × T) ÷ 100

⇒ 1,300 = 130 × T

⇒ T = 1,300 ÷ 130

⇒ T = 10 years

∴ The correct answer is 10 years.

Additional Information

Simple Interest vs Compound Interest

Simple Interest is calculated only on the Principal amount, whereas Compound Interest is calculated on the Principal plus the accumulated interest of previous periods.

Rule of 72

A quick way to estimate the doubling time for an investment under Compound Interest is dividing 72 by the interest rate (T ≈ 72 ÷ R).

Sum doubling in Simple Interest

For a sum to double itself at Simple Interest, the relationship is always T × R = 100. If it triples, T × R = 200.

Question 85

The LCM of the numbers 13.2 and 0.88 is:

AOption (a)
0.132
BOption (b)
13.2
COption (c)
1.32
DOption (d)
132

हिंदी में देखें

संख्याओं 13.2 और 0.88 का LCM है:

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

13.2

Why this answer is correct

Shortcut Trick

Equalize the number of decimal places for both numbers: 13.20 and 0.88.

Treat them as integers by removing the decimal: 1320 and 88.

Check if the larger number is divisible by the smaller: 1320 ÷ 88 = 15.

Since it is divisible, the LCM is the larger value with the original decimal placement.

∴ The correct answer is 13.2.

Alternate Method

Given: Numbers 13.2 and 0.88.

Formula Used: LCM of fractions = (LCM of Numerators) ÷ (HCF of Denominators).

⇒ Convert the numbers to fractions with the same denominator: 13.2 = 1320/100 and 0.88 = 88/100.

⇒ Numerators are 1320 and 88. Denominator is 100.

⇒ LCM of 1320 and 88:

⇒ 1320 = 88 × 15.

⇒ ∴ LCM (1320, 88) = 1320.

⇒ LCM of 13.2 and 0.88 = 1320 ÷ 100 = 13.2.

∴ The correct answer is 13.2.

Additional Information

LCM of Decimals

To find the LCM of decimals, first make the number of decimal places equal by adding zeros, then find the LCM as if they were integers and place the decimal point accordingly.

Relationship between LCM and HCF

For any two numbers a and b, the product of the numbers is equal to the product of their LCM and HCF: a × b = LCM(a, b) × HCF(a, b).

LCM of Fractions

LCM = (LCM of Numerators) ÷ (HCF of Denominators). It is essential to reduce the fractions to their simplest form before applying this formula if the denominators are different.

Question 86

Two numbers have HCF 9 and LCM 216. If the smaller number is 27, find the larger number.

AOption (a)
72
BOption (b)
78
COption (c)
64
DOption (d)
84

हिंदी में देखें

दो संख्याओं का HCF 9 और LCM 216 है। यदि छोटी संख्या 27 है, तो बड़ी संख्या ज्ञात कीजिए।

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

Why this answer is correct

Shortcut Trick

Product of HCF and LCM = Product of the two numbers.

9 × 216 = 27 × Larger Number

Larger Number = (9 × 216) ÷ 27 = 216 ÷ 3 = 72.

∴ The correct answer is 72.

Alternate Method

Given:

HCF = 9

LCM = 216

Smaller number (n₁) = 27

Formula Used:

HCF × LCM = n₁ × n₂

Calculations:

⇒ 9 × 216 = 27 × Larger number

⇒ 1944 = 27 × Larger number

⇒ Larger number = 1944 ÷ 27

⇒ Larger number = 72

∴ The correct answer is 72.

Additional Information

Relation between HCF and LCM

For any two positive integers a and b, HCF(a, b) × LCM(a, b) = a × b. This rule only applies to exactly two numbers.

HCF Properties

The HCF of two or more numbers is the greatest number that divides each of them exactly. It is always a factor of the LCM.

Co-prime Numbers

If two numbers are co-prime, their HCF is 1 and their LCM is equal to the product of the numbers.

Question 87

In a cricket match, a batsman scored 90 runs, which included 7 fours and 4 sixes. What percentage of his total score (rounded off to two decimal places) did he make by running between the wickets?

AOption (a)
42.22%
BOption (b)
58.78%
COption (c)
43.22%
DOption (d)
57.78%

हिंदी में देखें

एक क्रिकेट मैच में, एक बल्लेबाज ने 90 रन बनाए, जिसमें 7 चौके और 4 छक्के शामिल थे। उसने अपने कुल स्कोर का कितना प्रतिशत (दो दशमलव स्थानों तक पूर्णांकित) विकेटों के बीच दौड़कर बनाया?

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

42.22%

Why this answer is correct

Shortcut Trick

Total runs = 90

Boundary runs = (7 × 4) + (4 × 6) = 28 + 24 = 52

Running runs = 90 − 52 = 38

Percentage = (38 ÷ 90) × 100 = 380 ÷ 9 = 42.22%

∴ The correct answer is 42.22%.

Alternate Method

Given: Total runs scored = 90

Number of fours = 7 | Number of sixes = 4

Formula: Running Percentage = [(Total − Boundary Runs) ÷ Total] × 100

⇒ Runs from boundaries = (7 × 4) + (4 × 6)

⇒ Runs from boundaries = 28 + 24 = 52

⇒ Runs made by running = 90 − 52 = 38

⇒ Percentage = (38 ÷ 90) × 100

⇒ Percentage = 4.2222... × 10

∴ The correct answer is 42.22%.

Additional Information

Percentage Calculation

To find what percent x is of y, use the formula (x ÷ y) × 100.

Rounding Off

If the third decimal digit is 5 or more, increase the second decimal digit by 1. Here, 42.222... remains 42.22.

Cricket Scoring Rules

Boundary four adds 4 runs and a six adds 6 runs to the batsman's tally without running.

Question 88

Laxminarayan deposited a certain sum of money at 20% rate of interest per annum, compounded annually. At the end of 2 years, Laxminarayan received a total amount of ₹52,128. What was the sum of money deposited by Laxminarayan?

AOption (a)
₹35,867
BOption (b)
₹36,384
COption (c)
₹36,555
DOption (d)
₹36,200

हिंदी में देखें

लक्ष्मीनारायण ने वार्षिक रूप से संयोजित 20% वार्षिक ब्याज दर पर एक निश्चित राशि जमा की। 2 वर्ष के अंत में, लक्ष्मीनारायण को कुल ₹52,128 की राशि प्राप्त हुई। लक्ष्मीनारायण द्वारा जमा की गई राशि कितनी थी?

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

₹36,200

Why this answer is correct

Shortcut Trick

Effective Rate of Interest for 2 years at 20% Compounded Annually = 20 + 20 + (20 × 20) ÷ 100 = 44%.

Total Amount as percentage of Principal = 100% + 44% = 144%.

Given 144% = ₹52,128.

Principal (100%) = (52128 ÷ 144) × 100 = 362 × 100 = ₹36,200.

∴ The correct answer is ₹36,200.

Alternate Method

Given: Rate (R) = 20%, Time (n) = 2 years, Amount (A) = ₹52,128.

Formula Used: A = P(1 + R/100)ⁿ

⇒ 52128 = P(1 + 20/100)²

⇒ 52128 = P(1 + 1/5)²

⇒ 52128 = P(6/5)²

⇒ 52128 = P × (36/25)

⇒ P = (52128 × 25) ÷ 36

⇒ P = 1448 × 25 = ₹36,200.

∴ The correct answer is ₹36,200.

Additional Information

Effective Rate Formula

For 2 years, the effective rate of CI is x + y + (xy/100), where x and y are the rates for the 1^st and 2^nd year.

Compound Interest vs Simple Interest

Difference for 2 years (D) = P(R/100)². For 1^st year, CI and SI are always equal.

Fractional Rate Conversion

20% = 1/5. Amount/Principal ratio for 1 year is (5+1)/5 = 6/5. For 2 years, it is (6/5)² = 36/25.

Question 89

In a division sum, the divisor is 10 times the quotient and 5 times the remainder. If the remainder is 62, what is the dividend?

AOption (a)
9672
BOption (b)
9669
COption (c)
9673
DOption (d)
9674

हिंदी में देखें

विभाजन के एक प्रश्न में, भाजक भागफल का 10 गुना और शेषफल का 5 गुना है। यदि शेषफल 62 है, तो भाज्य क्या है?

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

9672

Why this answer is correct

Shortcut Trick
Remainder = 62
Divisor = 5 × 62 = 310
Quotient = 310 ÷ 10 = 31
Dividend = (310 × 31) + 62 = 9610 + 62 = 9672
∴ The correct answer is 9672.
Alternate Method
Given:
Remainder (R) = 62
Divisor (D) = 10 × Quotient (Q)
Divisor (D) = 5 × Remainder (R)
Formula Used:
Dividend = (Divisor × Quotient) + Remainder

Calculations:
⇒ Divisor = 5 × 62 = 310
⇒ 310 = 10 × Quotient
⇒ Quotient = 310 ÷ 10 = 31
⇒ Dividend = (310 × 31) + 62
⇒ Dividend = 9610 + 62 = 9672
∴ The correct answer is 9672.
Additional Information
Division Algorithm
For any integer a (dividend) and non-zero integer b (divisor), there exist unique integers q (quotient) and r (remainder) such that a = bq + r, where 0 ≤ r < |b|.
Remainder Theorem
When a polynomial f(x) is divided by (x − a), the remainder is f(a).
Factor Theorem
If the remainder is zero after division, the divisor is a factor of the dividend.

Question 90

The average monthly salary of all workers in a factory is ₹4,000. The factory employs 50 technicians whose average monthly salary is ₹6,000, while the remaining non-technician workers earn an average of ₹3,000 per month. What is the total number of workers in the factory?

AOption (a)
100
BOption (b)
150
COption (c)
200
DOption (d)
75

हिंदी में देखें

एक कारखाने में सभी श्रमिकों का औसत मासिक वेतन ₹4,000 है। कारखाने में 50 तकनीशियन कार्यरत हैं जिनका औसत मासिक वेतन ₹6,000 है, जबकि शेष गैर-तकनीशियन श्रमिकों का औसत वेतन ₹3,000 प्रति माह है। कारखाने में श्रमिकों की कुल संख्या क्या है?

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

150

Why this answer is correct

Shortcut Trick

Using Alligation method:

Technicians salary (6,000) vs Non-technicians salary (3,000) with Average (4,000).

Ratio of Technicians to Non-technicians = (4,000 − 3,000) : (6,000 − 4,000) = 1,000 : 2,000 = 1 : 2.

If 1 unit = 50 (technicians), then 1 + 2 = 3 units = 150 total workers.

∴ The correct answer is 150.

Alternate Method

Given: Average salary of all workers = ₹4,000 | Number of technicians = 50 | Average salary of technicians = ₹6,000 | Average salary of non-technicians = ₹3,000.

⇒ Let total workers be N. Let non-technicians be (N − 50).

⇒ Total Salary = (50 × 6,000) + (N − 50) × 3,000 = N × 4,000

⇒ 300,000 + 3,000N − 150,000 = 4,000N

⇒ 150,000 = 1,000N

⇒ N = 150

∴ The correct answer is 150.

Additional Information

Alligation Rule

It states that (Quantity of Cheaper) / (Quantity of Dearer) = (CP of Dearer − Mean Price) / (Mean Price − CP of Cheaper).

Weighted Average

The combined average of two groups is (n₁x₁ + n₂x₂) / (n₁ + n₂), where n is count and x is the average.

Ratio to Total

If the ratio of two parts is a : b, then the total number of items is proportional to (a + b).

Arithmetic 2 (10 questions)

Question 91

A, B, and C invested in the ratio 3 : 4 : 5 and the timings of their investment are in the ratio a : b : c. If their profits are distributed in the ratio 21 : 36 : 25, find a : b : c.

AOption (a)
3 : 2 : 5
BOption (b)
7 : 9 : 5
COption (c)
2 : 4 : 5
DOption (d)
2 : 3 : 2

हिंदी में देखें

A, B, और C ने 3 : 4 : 5 के अनुपात में निवेश किया और उनके निवेश के समय का अनुपात a : b : c है। यदि उनके लाभ को 21 : 36 : 25 के अनुपात में वितरित किया जाता है, तो a : b : c ज्ञात कीजिए।

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

7 : 9 : 5

Why this answer is correct

Shortcut Trick

Profit Ratio = Investment Ratio × Time Ratio

⇒ Time Ratio (a : b : c) = (Profit ÷ Investment) for each person

⇒ a : b : c = (21/3) : (36/4) : (25/5)

⇒ a : b : c = 7 : 9 : 5

∴ The correct answer is 7 : 9 : 5.

Alternate Method

Given:

Investment Ratio of A, B, and C = 3 : 4 : 5

Profit Ratio of A, B, and C = 21 : 36 : 25

Formula Used:

Profit = Capital × Time ⇒ Time = Profit ÷ Capital

Calculations:

⇒ Let the investments be 3k, 4k, and 5k and the times be a, b, and c.

⇒ Profit of A = 3k × a = 21p

⇒ Profit of B = 4k × b = 36p

⇒ Profit of C = 5k × c = 25p

⇒ a = 21p/3k = 7(p/k)

⇒ b = 36p/4k = 9(p/k)

⇒ c = 25p/5k = 5(p/k)

⇒ Ratio a : b : c = 7 : 9 : 5

∴ The correct answer is 7 : 9 : 5.

Additional Information

Partnership Profit Distribution

Profit is always shared in the ratio of the product of Capital and Time. P₁ : P₂ = (C₁ × T₁) : (C₂ × T₂).

Active vs. Sleeping Partner

An active partner may receive an additional fixed percentage of the profit for managing the business before the remaining profit is divided.

Ratio Conversion

If time ratio is needed and only Profit (P) and Investment (I) ratios are given, use T = P/I and then simplify by multiplying with the LCM of denominators.

Question 92

What is the area of a triangle with a base of 12 cm and a height of 8 cm?

AOption (a)
24 cm²
BOption (b)
36 cm²
COption (c)
48 cm²
DOption (d)
96 cm²

हिंदी में देखें

उस त्रिभुज का क्षेत्रफल क्या है जिसका आधार 12 सेमी और ऊंचाई 8 सेमी है?

(a)
24 सेमी²
(b)
36 सेमी²
(c)
48 सेमी²
(d)
96 सेमी²

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

48 cm²

Why this answer is correct

Shortcut Trick

Area of a triangle is half of the product of its base and height.

Area = 0.5 × 12 × 8

Area = 6 × 8 = 48

∴ The correct answer is 48 cm².

Alternate Method

Given:

Base (b) = 12 cm

Height (h) = 8 cm

Formula Used:

Area = (1/2) × Base × Height

Calculations:

⇒ Area = (1/2) × 12 × 8

⇒ Area = 6 × 8

⇒ Area = 48 cm²

∴ The correct answer is 48 cm².

Additional Information

Heron's Formula

Used when all three sides are known: Area = √[s(s−a)(s−b)(s−c)], where s is the semi-perimeter (a+b+c)/2.

Equilateral Triangle Area

For a triangle with side 'a', Area = (√3/4) × a².

Right-Angled Triangle

The base and height are the two sides forming the 90 degree angle.

Question 93

Eight identical solid metal spheres, each of radius 1 cm, are melted and recast to form a single solid sphere. If no material is lost in the process, what will be the radius (in cm) of the new sphere?

AOption (a)
8
BOption (b)
√8
COption (c)
\(\sqrt[3]{4}\)
DOption (d)
2

हिंदी में देखें

आठ समान ठोस धातु के गोलों को, जिनमें से प्रत्येक की त्रिज्या 1 सेमी है, पिघलाया जाता है और एक ठोस गोला बनाने के लिए पुनर्गठित किया जाता है। यदि इस प्रक्रिया में कोई सामग्री नष्ट नहीं होती है, तो नए गोले की त्रिज्या (सेमी में) क्या होगी?

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

Why this answer is correct

Shortcut Trick

Volume is proportional to the cube of the radius (R³ ∝ n × r³).

For 8 identical spheres: R³ = 8 × r³

Taking the cube root on both sides: R = 2 × r

Given r = 1 cm ⇒ R = 2 × 1 = 2 cm.

∴ The correct answer is 2 cm.

Alternate Method

Given:

Radius of each small solid metal sphere (r) = 1 cm

Number of small spheres (n) = 8

Formula Used:

Volume of a solid sphere = (4/3) × π × r³

Calculations:

Total volume of 8 small spheres = 8 × [(4/3) × π × (1)³]

⇒ Total volume = (32/3) × π cm³

Let the radius of the newly formed single large sphere be R.

⇒ Volume of the large sphere = (4/3) × π × R³

Since no material is lost during the recasting process:

⇒ (4/3) × π × R³ = (32/3) × π

⇒ R³ = 8

⇒ R = 2 cm

∴ The correct answer is 2 cm.

Additional Information

Volume Conservation Rule

When one or more solid objects are melted and recast into another shape, the total initial volume always equals the total final volume, provided there is no wastage of material.

Surface Area of a Sphere

The total surface area of a solid sphere of radius r is given by the formula: A = 4 × π × r².

Recasting into different shapes

If spheres are melted to form a cylinder of radius R_c and height h, then: n × (4/3) × π × r³ = π × R_c² × h.

Question 94

A tap fills a cistern in 12 hours. Another tap empties the full tank in 48 hours. How long (in hours) will it take to fill one-fourth of the tank, if the tank is empty initially and both the taps are open together?

AOption (a)
16
BOption (b)
4
COption (c)
12
DOption (d)
8

हिंदी में देखें

एक नल एक टंकी को 12 घंटे में भरता है। दूसरा नल पूरी भरी हुई टंकी को 48 घंटे में खाली कर देता है। यदि टंकी शुरू में खाली है और दोनों नल एक साथ खोल दिए जाते हैं, तो टंकी का एक-चौथाई भाग भरने में कितना समय (घंटों में) लगेगा?

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

Why this answer is correct

Shortcut Trick

Net efficiency = 1/12 − 1/48 = 3/48 = 1/16 tank per hour.

Time to fill the entire tank = 16 hours.

Time to fill one-fourth of the tank = 16 ÷ 4 = 4 hours.

∴ The correct answer is 4 hours.

Alternate Method

Person/Tap	Hours	Total Work	Efficiency
Tap A (Filling)	12	48 units	+4
Tap B (Emptying)	48	−1

Given:

⇒ Time taken by filling Tap A = 12 hours

⇒ Time taken by emptying Tap B = 48 hours

⇒ Total capacity of the cistern (LCM of 12 and 48) = 48 units

⇒ One-fourth of the cistern capacity = 48 ÷ 4 = 12 units

Calculations:

⇒ Efficiency of Tap A = 48 ÷ 12 = +4 units/hour

⇒ Efficiency of Tap B = 48 ÷ 48 = −1 units/hour

⇒ Combined efficiency of both taps when open together = 4 − 1 = 3 units/hour

⇒ Time required to fill 12 units = 12 ÷ 3 = 4 hours

∴ The correct answer is 4 hours.

Additional Information

Pipes & Cisterns Efficiency Concept

An inlet pipe does positive work while an outlet/leakage pipe does negative work. Net work rate = Rate of inlet − Rate of outlet.

Time and Work Relation

Total Work = Efficiency × Time. If only a fraction 1/n of the work needs to be completed, the time required is also reduced to 1/n of the total time.

Question 95

A cylindrical pillar has a base diameter of 14 cm and a height of 3 m. Find the cost of painting its curved surface at ₹2.40 per cm². (Use π = \( \frac{22}{7} \))

AOption (a)
₹31,480
BOption (b)
₹31,880
COption (c)
₹31,280
DOption (d)
₹31,680

हिंदी में देखें

एक बेलनाकार खंभे के आधार का व्यास 14 cm और ऊंचाई 3 m है। ₹2.40 प्रति cm² की दर से इसके वक्र पृष्ठीय क्षेत्रफल को रंगने की लागत ज्ञात कीजिए। (π = \( \frac{22}{7} \) का प्रयोग करें)

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

₹31,680

Why this answer is correct

Shortcut Trick

Radius (r) = 14 ÷ 2 = 7 cm

Height (h) = 3 m = 300 cm

Curved Surface Area (CSA) = 2 × (22/7) × 7 × 300 = 13200 cm²

Total Cost = 13200 × 2.40 = ₹31,680

∴ The correct answer is ₹31,680.

Alternate Method

Given:

Base diameter of cylindrical pillar = 14 cm

Height of cylindrical pillar = 3 m = 300 cm

Rate of painting = ₹2.40 per cm²

Formula Used:

Curved Surface Area of Cylinder = 2πrh

Calculations:

⇒ Radius (r) = Diameter / 2 = 14 / 2 = 7 cm

⇒ Height (h) = 3 × 100 = 300 cm

⇒ CSA = 2 × (22/7) × 7 × 300

⇒ CSA = 44 × 300 = 13,200 cm²

⇒ Total Cost = CSA × Rate

⇒ Total Cost = 13,200 × 2.40

⇒ Total Cost = 132 × 240 = ₹31,680

∴ The correct answer is ₹31,680.

Additional Information

Total Surface Area of Cylinder

The total surface area includes the curved surface and the two circular bases: TSA = 2πr(h + r).

Volume of Cylinder

The space occupied by the cylinder is given by the formula: Volume = πr²h.

Unit Conversion

Always ensure all dimensions are in the same unit before calculation: 1 m = 100 cm | 1 m² = 10,000 cm².

Question 96

Train A is 213 m long, and Train B is 172 m long. They are moving in opposite directions at speeds of 63km/h and 135 km/h, respectively. How long will it take to cross each other?

AOption (a)
7 seconds
BOption (b)
9 seconds
COption (c)
6 seconds
DOption (d)
8 seconds

हिंदी में देखें

ट्रेन A 213 मीटर लंबी है, और ट्रेन B 172 मीटर लंबी है। वे क्रमशः 63 किमी/घंटा और 135 किमी/घंटा की गति से विपरीत दिशाओं में चल रही हैं। वे एक-दूसरे को पार करने में कितना समय लेंगी?

(a)
7 सेकंड
(b)
9 सेकंड
(c)
6 सेकंड
(d)
8 सेकंड

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

7 seconds

Why this answer is correct

Shortcut Trick

Relative Speed in opposite directions = 63 + 135 = 198 km/h.

Convert to m/s: 198 × (5/18) = 11 × 5 = 55 m/s.

Total Distance = 213 + 172 = 385 m.

Time taken = 385 ÷ 55 = 7 sec.

∴ The correct answer is 7 sec.

Alternate Method

Given: Length of Train A (L₁) = 213 m, Length of Train B (L₂) = 172 m.

Speed of Train A (S₁) = 63 km/h, Speed of Train B (S₂) = 135 km/h.

Formula Used: Time = (L₁ + L₂) ÷ (S₁ + S₂) [when moving in opposite directions]

Calculations:

⇒ Total distance to be covered = 213 + 172 = 385 m

⇒ Relative speed = 63 + 135 = 198 km/h

⇒ Converting speed to m/s = 198 × (5/18) m/s

⇒ Relative speed = 11 × 5 = 55 m/s

⇒ Time required = 385 ÷ 55

⇒ Time required = 7 seconds

∴ The correct answer is 7 sec.

Additional Information

Relative Speed Concept

When two objects move in the opposite direction, their relative speed is the sum of their individual speeds (S₁ + S₂). When moving in the same direction, it is the difference (S₁ − S₂).

Unit Conversion

To convert speed from km/h to m/s, multiply by 5/18. To convert from m/s to km/h, multiply by 18/5.

Train Crossing a Stationary Object

When a train crosses a pole or a person, the distance covered is equal to the length of the train itself.

Question 97

A pipe fills a tank in 15 hours, and another empties it in 18 hours. If both the pipes are opened simultaneously when the tank is empty, then how long will it take to fill the tank completely?

AOption (a)
54 hours
BOption (b)
81 hours
COption (c)
90 hours
DOption (d)
36 hours

हिंदी में देखें

एक पाइप एक टैंक को 15 घंटे में भरता है, और दूसरा इसे 18 घंटे में खाली करता है। यदि टैंक खाली होने पर दोनों पाइपों को एक साथ खोल दिया जाता है, तो टैंक को पूरी तरह से भरने में कितना समय लगेगा?

(a)
54 घंटे
(b)
81 घंटे
(c)
90 घंटे
(d)
36 घंटे

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

90 hours

Why this answer is correct

Shortcut Trick

Net time taken to fill the tank = (xy) ÷ (y − x)

where x = filling time = 15 hours and y = emptying time = 18 hours.

Net time = (15 × 18) ÷ (18 − 15)

Net time = 270 ÷ 3 = 90 hours.

∴ The correct answer is 90 hr.

Alternate Method

Given:

Filling Pipe (A) = 15 hours

Emptying Pipe (B) = 18 hours

Person	Days	Total Work	Efficiency
Pipe A (Fill)	15	90	+6
Pipe B (Empty)	18	−5

Calculations:

⇒ Total Work (Capacity of tank) = LCM(15, 18) = 90 units.

⇒ Efficiency of Pipe A = 90 ÷ 15 = +6 units/hr.

⇒ Efficiency of Pipe B = 90 ÷ 18 = −5 units/hr (negative because it empties).

⇒ Combined Efficiency (A + B) = 6 − 5 = 1 unit/hr.

⇒ Time taken to fill the tank = Total Work ÷ Combined Efficiency

⇒ Time = 90 ÷ 1 = 90 hours.

∴ The correct answer is 90 hr.

Additional Information

Negative Efficiency

In Pipes and Cisterns, an outlet pipe that empties the tank is always assigned a negative efficiency value.

LCM Method

The Total Work is assumed as the Least Common Multiple (LCM) of the individual times to simplify calculations into integers.

Net Work Done

If the net efficiency is positive, the tank will eventually fill; if negative, a full tank will eventually empty.

Question 98

A boat of Mr. Ajay takes 19 hours for travelling downstream from place G to place Y and coming back to a midpoint between place G and place Y. If the velocity of the stream is 4 kmph and the distance between places G and Y is 180 km, find the speed of the boat (in km/h) in still water.

AOption (a)
14
BOption (b)
18
COption (c)
15
DOption (d)
12

हिंदी में देखें

मिस्टर अजय की एक नाव को स्थान G से स्थान Y तक धारा के अनुकूल यात्रा करने और स्थान G और स्थान Y के बीच के मध्य बिंदु पर वापस आने में 19 घंटे लगते हैं। यदि धारा का वेग 4 किमी/घंटा है और स्थान G और Y के बीच की दूरी 180 किमी है, तो शांत जल में नाव की गति (किमी/घंटा में) ज्ञात कीजिए।

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

Why this answer is correct

Shortcut Trick

Total time = (Distance downstream ÷ Downstream speed) + (Distance upstream ÷ Upstream speed)

19 = (180 ÷ (B + 4)) + (90 ÷ (B − 4))

Check options: If B = 14, then (180 ÷ 18) + (90 ÷ 10) = 10 + 9 = 19. Satisfied.

∴ The correct answer is 14 kmph.

Alternate Method

Given:

Distance G to Y = 180 km

Midpoint distance = 180 ÷ 2 = 90 km

Velocity of stream (v) = 4 kmph

Let Speed of boat in still water = u kmph

Formula Used:

Downstream speed = u + v | Upstream speed = u − v

Time = Distance ÷ Speed

Calculations:

⇒ Downstream Time + Upstream Time = 19

⇒ 180 ÷ (u + 4) + 90 ÷ (u − 4) = 19

⇒ [180(u − 4) + 90(u + 4)] ÷ (u² − 16) = 19

⇒ (180u − 720 + 90u + 360) = 19(u² − 16)

⇒ 270u − 360 = 19u² − 304

⇒ 19u² − 270u + 56 = 0

⇒ 19u² − 266u − 4u + 56 = 0

⇒ 19u(u − 14) − 4(u − 14) = 0

⇒ (19u − 4)(u − 14) = 0

⇒ u = 14 (since speed must be greater than stream speed 4 kmph)

∴ The correct answer is 14 kmph.

Additional Information

Relative Speed in Water

While going downstream, the stream supports the boat (u + v). While going upstream, the stream opposes the boat (u − v).

Still Water Speed Calculation

Speed in still water (u) = (Downstream Speed + Upstream Speed) ÷ 2.

Stream Speed Calculation

Speed of stream (v) = (Downstream Speed − Upstream Speed) ÷ 2.

Question 99

Three numbers are in the ratio 6 : 9 : 13. If the sum of the first and third number is 240 more than the second number, find the sum of all three numbers.

AOption (a)
694
BOption (b)
608
COption (c)
672
DOption (d)
626

हिंदी में देखें

तीन संख्याएँ 6 : 9 : 13 के अनुपात में हैं। यदि पहली और तीसरी संख्या का योग दूसरी संख्या से 240 अधिक है, तो तीनों संख्याओं का योग ज्ञात कीजिए।

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

672

Why this answer is correct

Shortcut Trick

Ratio of three numbers = 6 : 9 : 13

Condition: (1^st + 3^rd) − 2^nd = (6 + 13) − 9 = 10 units

Given: 10 units = 240 ⇒ 1 unit = 24

Total sum = (6 + 9 + 13) = 28 units = 28 × 24 = 672

∴ The correct answer is 672.

Alternate Method

Given: Ratio of numbers = 6 : 9 : 13. Difference between (sum of 1^st and 3^rd) and 2^nd = 240.

Formula: If numbers are in ratio a : b : c, they can be taken as ax, bx, and cx.

⇒ Let the three numbers be 6x, 9x, and 13x.

⇒ According to the question: (6x + 13x) − 9x = 240

⇒ 19x − 9x = 240

⇒ 10x = 240

⇒ x = 24

⇒ Sum of all three numbers = 6x + 9x + 13x = 28x

⇒ Sum = 28 × 24 = 672

∴ The correct answer is 672.

Additional Information

Ratio and Proportion

A ratio indicates how many times one number contains another. For a : b : c, the sum is proportional to (a + b + c).

Unitary Method in Ratios

Finding the value of 'one unit' by dividing the given numerical value by its corresponding ratio part simplifies complex calculations.

Compound Ratio

The compound ratio of (a : b) and (c : d) is (ac : bd), used when combining different related proportions.

Question 100

Let A be the mean proportional of 3 and 27. Let B be the third proportional of 3 and 9. What is the fourth proportional to A, B, and (A + B)?

AOption (a)
96
BOption (b)
81
COption (c)
144
DOption (d)
108

हिंदी में देखें

माना A, 3 और 27 का मध्यानुपाती है। माना B, 3 और 9 का तृतीयानुपाती है। A, B और (A + B) का चतुर्थानुपाती क्या है?

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

108

Why this answer is correct

Shortcut Trick

Mean Proportional (A) = √(3 × 27) = √81 = 9.

Third Proportional (B) = 9² ÷ 3 = 81 ÷ 3 = 27.

Fourth Proportional (X) = (B × (A + B)) ÷ A = (27 × 36) ÷ 9 = 3 × 36 = 108.

∴ The correct answer is 108.

Alternate Method

Given: First pair (3, 27) for Mean Proportional, Second pair (3, 9) for Third Proportional.

Formula: Mean Prop = √(ab); Third Prop = b²/a; Fourth Prop = (b×c)/a.

⇒ A = √(3 × 27) = √81 = 9

⇒ B = (9 × 9) ÷ 3 = 81 ÷ 3 = 27

⇒ A + B = 9 + 27 = 36

⇒ Let the fourth proportional to A, B, and (A + B) be X.

⇒ A : B :: (A + B) : X

⇒ 9 : 27 :: 36 : X

⇒ 9 × X = 27 × 36

⇒ X = (27 × 36) ÷ 9

⇒ X = 3 × 36 = 108

∴ The correct answer is 108.

Additional Information

Mean Proportional

If x is the mean proportional between a and b, then a : x = x : b, which gives x = √(ab).

Third Proportional

If c is the third proportional to a and b, then a : b = b : c, which gives c = b²/a.

Fourth Proportional

If d is the fourth proportional to a, b, and c, then a : b = c : d, which gives d = (b × c)/a.

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