DSSSB JJA: Memory Based Paper (Held on: 9th March) (Previous Year Paper)

The correct answer is option 2), i.e., 'coping with all the work.'

Key Points

• The error lies in Part (coping all the work over) of the sentence.
• As per instructions, the remaining portion of the sentence is correct.
• The verb 'cope' in the given sentence is an intransitive verb meaning to deal with something well, despite or in the face of some difficulty.
• According to the rules of prepositions, the verb 'cope' is usually followed by the preposition 'with'.
• Example: It must be really hard to cope with four children under 5.
• The given sentence is in the present continuous tense, therefore, the present participle "coping with" should be used.
• The present participle verb "coping with" means to deal with something usually skillfully or efficiently.
• Also, in the underlined segment, the use of the preposition 'over' is incorrect. As it is unnecessary here, it should be removed.
• Therefore, in the erroneous part, the use of 'coping all the work over' in the sentence should be replaced with 'coping with all the work' to make it grammatically correct.
• Therefore, the correct answer is Option 2.

Correct sentence: The staff here are barely coping with all the work.

The correct answer is 'strangely'.

Key Points 

• An adverb is a word that describes a verb, an adjective, another adverb or even a whole sentence.
• On the other hand, an adjective is a word that modifies a noun or a pronoun.
• The word 'strange' is an adjective that means 'unusual or weird'.
• According to the given sentence, the shopkeeper acted in an unusual manner when he was asked for the bill.
• The word following the verb 'acting' must be an adverb that modifies it.
• So, 'strange' must be replaced with the adverb 'strangely' to make the sentence grammatically correct.

Correct sentence: The shopkeeper was acting strangely when we asked him for the bill.  

• एक adverb एक शब्द है जो एक क्रिया, एक विशेषण, एक और क्रिया विशेषण या एक पूरे वाक्य का वर्णन करता है।
• दूसरी ओर, एक adjective एक शब्द है जो एक संज्ञा या एक सर्वनाम को describe करता है।
• 'Strange' शब्द एक adjective है जिसका अर्थ है 'असामान्य या अजीब'।
• दिए गए वाक्य के अनुसार, दुकानदार ने बिल के लिए कहने पर असामान्य तरीके से काम किया।
• क्रिया 'acting' के बाद वाला शब्द एक adverb होना चाहिए जो इसे describe करता है।
• इसलिए, वाक्य को व्याकरणिक रूप से सही बनाने के लिए 'strange' को adverb 'strangely' से बदल दिया जाना चाहिए।

The correct answer is 'to take everyone at task.'

Key Points

• ​​The error lies in part 'to take everyone at task' of the sentence.
• The meaning of the phrase 'took someone to task' is to scold, reprimand, lecture, or hold one accountable for some wrong or error they committed.
• Phrase 'took someone to task' का अर्थ है डांटना, फटकारना, व्याख्यान देना, या किसी गलत या गलती के लिए उसे जवाबदेह ठहराना।
• Example: Mom took me to task over my terrible report card.
• Therefore, we need to replace 'to take everyone at task' with 'to take everyone to task.'
• Correct sentence*: You don't have to take everyone to task who misuses the word "literally," you know.*

Additional Information

• Subjects and verbs must AGREE with one another in number (singular or plural).
• Thus, if a subject is singular, its verb must also be singular.
• Example: The dog chases the cat.
• If a subject is plural, its verb must also be plural.
• Example: The dogs chase the cat.

The correct answer is the.

Key Points

• The most appropriate determiner in the given sentence the.
• I think the express train is running late. It was to arrive at 9'o clock.
• Therefore, option 2 is the correct option.

Additional Information

• Let's discuss information about determiner:
• Determiner - A determiner is a word that is used to modify or introduce the noun in a sentence.

The correct answer is 'Which'.

Key Points

• "What", "why", "which", and "where" are interrogative pronouns that are commonly used to seek information or clarification.
• 'Which' in general, represents options in a choice.  
• For example  -  Which is your favorite flavor, vanilla or strawberry?
• Based on the above given points and the context of the given sentence, it is clear that the correct word that fits in the given blank is 'Which'.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 2'. 

Complete sentence  - Which hotel did you go to?

The correct answer is '(b).'

Key Points

• The error lies in the part "b" of the sentence.
• The meaning of the phrase 'be limited to something' is to exist or happen only in a particular place, group, or area of activity.
• Phrase 'be limited to something' का शाब्दिक अर्थ है, केवल किसी विशेष स्थान, समूह या गतिविधि के क्षेत्र में मौजूद होना या घटित होना।
• Example: The damage was limited to the roof.​
• ​Therefore, we need to replace "with" with "to" to make the sentence grammatically correct.
• ​​Correct sentence: The road was rough but not limited to four-wheel drive vehicles like the mountain Jeep roads to the south.

Additional Information   

• A preposition is a word or group of words used before a noun, pronoun, or noun phrase to show direction, time, place, location, spatial relationships, or to introduce an object.
• Some examples of prepositions are words like "in," "at," "on," "of," and "to."
• Example: I live in Raipur.

The correct answer is 'Summarize'.

Key Points 

• Recapitulate is a verb which means to summarize and state again the main points of.
• The meaning of the given options are as follows - 
• Enlarge - make or become larger or more extensive.
• Elaborate - involving many carefully arranged parts or details; detailed and complicated in design and planning.
• Prolong - extend the duration of.
• Summarize - give a brief statement of the main points of (something).
• From the above meanings it is evident that summarize is the correct synonym for the word recapitulate.
• Hence, option 4 is the correct answer.

The correct answer is 'D'.

Key Points

• The error lies in Part D of the sentence.
• Unless refers to a condition not being met while until refers to a time threshold not being crossed.
• As Unless and Until are used here and they are giving negative sense also, so use of 'don't' is incorrect here.
• So, the correct answer is- 'Option 4'.

Therefore, the correct sentence is- The management committee has requested me not to take any action unless and until I see all the documents. 

Additional Information

• The words unless and until are often used together but their meanings are different, and often confused.
• Unless refers to a condition not being met while until refers to a time threshold not being crossed.

The correct answer is 'A.'

Key Points

• In the given sentence, the verb 'were' is incorrectly used.
• When a sentence starts with 'here or there' its structure is slightly different. In this type of sentence, the subject (lion) follows the verb (were).
• Example: There is a dog in the garden. (dog-singular noun, is-singular verb)​
• ​In the given sentence, 'lion' is a singular subject so that a singular verb should be used.
• ​To make the sentence correct, replace the verb 'were' with 'was.'

Thus the correct sentence is- There was a lion near the exit gate of the zoo.

Additional Information

• After the phrase “one of the” the noun or a pronoun used will always be in the plural form.
• Example: One of the students was selected to visit the museum.

​

• दिए गए वाक्य में, verb 'were' का गलत तरीके से उपयोग किया जाता है।
• जब एक वाक्य 'here or there' से शुरू होता है तो इसकी संरचना थोड़ी अलग होती है। इस प्रकार के वाक्यों में subject verb का अनुसरण करता है।
• Example: There is a dog in the garden. (dog-singular, is-singular verb)
• ​दिए गए वाक्य में 'lion' एक singular subject है, इसलिए singular verb का प्रयोग किया जाना चाहिए।
• वाक्य को सही बनाने के लिए, क्रिया 'were' को 'was' से बदलें।
• वाक्यांश "one of the" के बाद प्रयुक्त noun या pronoun हमेशा plural रूप में होगा।
• Example: One of the students was selected to visit the museum.

The correct answer is 'in a cowardly manner'.

Key Points

• The adjective form of some nouns looks like an adverb.
• E.g. cowardly, niggardly, miserly, scholarly, etc.
• The words given above are adjectives, not adverbs.
• Adverbs forms of these words are: in a cowardly manner, in a niggardly manner, etc.
• E.g. He behaved in a miserly manner.
• According to the rule and example that are given above, 'in a cowardly manner' will be used in the underlined part of the given sentence.

Correct Sentence: Parents should teach their children not to behave in a cowardly manner in times of difficult situations. 

• कुछ nouns का adjective रूप adverb जैसा दिखता है।
• E.g. cowardly, niggardly, miserly, scholarly, etc.
• ऊपर दिए गए शब्द adjectives हैं, adverbs नहीं।
• इन शब्दों के adverb रूप हैं: in a cowardly manner, in a niggardly manner, आदि।
• E.g. He behaved in a miserly manner.
• ऊपर दिए गए नियम और उदाहरण के अनुसार, दिए गए वाक्य के underlined भाग में 'in a cowardly manner' का उपयोग किया जाएगा।

The correct answer is Option (2) i.e. "unpretentiousness".

Key Points

• "Simplicity" (सरलता) - The quality of being easy to understand or do; not elaborate or artificial; plain.
• Example: His cottage reflects the simplicity of his lifestyle.
• Unpretentiousness (अविनीति,सत्यता) - The quality of being modest and not claiming that you are important; natural simplicity.
• Example: The unpretentiousness of the small town was refreshing.
• The reason why "unpretentiousness" is the correct answer is because it closely mirrors the meaning of "simplicity" in the context of someone's way of living. Both words suggest a lack of pretense and a preference for straightforwardness and modesty.

Therefore, the correct answer is "unpretentiousness".

Additional Information

• Concern (चिंता) - Worry or interest in something. This option does not match because "simplicity" refers to a characteristic or lifestyle choice, not an emotion or state of mind.
• Conceit (घमंड) - Excessive pride in oneself. ​This is incorrect as it represents the opposite of modesty, which simplicity implies.
• Lucidity (स्पष्टता) - Clarity of expression; easy to understand.
• Example: Her explanation was marked by its lucidity.
• While this option emphasizes clarity and ease of understanding, it is more focused on communication rather than a way of living, making it less suitable as a synonym for "simplicity" in the given context.

The correct answer is 'into'.

Key Points

• The given sentence is an assertion that says if the listener gives as much effort in studies as he does in cricket, he might have a chance.
• 'put effort into something' is a set phrase that means spend a lot of time or effort doing it.
• For example, 'We've put a lot of effort into this project and we want it to succeed.'
• So, the preposition 'on' has to be replaced with 'into' in the given sentence.

The correct sentence is 'If you put as much effort into your studies as you do into cricket, you might have a chance.

Additional InformationLet's take a look at the use of the other given prepositions:

• 'on' is used to that something is physically in contact with and supported by (a surface).
• For example, 'A big black cat sitting on the oak tree was looking at Alice.'
• 'after' means later than and next in time or place.
• For example, 'You can go home after submitting this assignment.'
• 'for' means with the object or purpose of; it is also used to express how long something or someone has been doing something.
• For example, 'I think you've been lying to me for as long as I've known you.**.'
• 'with' can either mean accompanied by or possessing.
• For example, 'He always carries a sidearm with him whenever he goes out*.*'

The correct answer is '(A)'.

Key Points 

• ​The error lies in Part A of the sentence.
• Investigate means to look into something systematically.
• For Example - Police are investigating a claim that the man was beaten unconscious by a gang.
• According to meaning, use of 'into' with investigate is inappropriate.
• So, the correct answer is 'Option A'.

Therefore, the correct sentence is- The committee appointed to investigate the said murder will convene next week to further discuss its strategy.

The correct answer is 'the, the'.

Key Points

• The definite article 'the' limits the meaning of a noun to one particular thing.
• Ex: Where is the pen I gave you last year?
• To particularise a non-count noun ‘the’ is required before it.
• Ex: The food we have is not enough.
• Here in the sentence, 'water' is a non-count noun and 'Arctic ocean' is a unique(specific) thing i.e. we have only one Arctic ocean. So, article 'the' is to be used in both the blank.
• Hence, option 2 is the correct answer.

The correct sentence is: The water of the Arctic ocean is freezing.

Additional Information.

• Some exceptions where ‘The’ must not precede:
• Names of continents: Asia, Europe, Australia, Africa, South America, North America, Antarctica.
• Names of countries: Australia, Bolivia, England, France, Spain, etc.
• Names of states, cities, or towns: Los Angeles, Alaska, Sydney, London.
• Names of streets: George street, Albion Street, New town street.

The correct answer is 'a, an'.

Key Points

• Sometimes an article modifies a noun that is also modified by an adjective. The usual word order is article + adjective + noun. If the article is indefinite, choose 'a or an' based on the word that immediately follows it.
• Ex: Eliza will bring a small gift to Sophie’s party.
• ​​Here in the sentence, 'blue' is a consonant sound adjective and 'orange' is a vowel sound adjective,  so the article 'A' and 'An' is used before them respectively.
• Hence, Option 4 is the correct answer.

The correct sentence is: When she left home, she was wearing a blue jacket and an orange shirt.

Additional Information

Omission of Articles

• Occasionally, articles are omitted altogether before certain nouns. In these cases, the article is implied but not actually present. This implied article is sometimes called a “zero article.” Often, the article is omitted before nouns that refer to abstract ideas. Look at the following examples:
• Let’s go out for dinner tonight.
• Creativity is a valuable quality in children.

The correct answer is 'an, the'.

Key Points

• We use the article 'an' before a singular noun beginning with a vowel sound.
• Ex: The jury will hold an emergency meeting half an hour before announcing its decision.
• The definite article 'the'. It limits the meaning of a noun to one particular or specific thing, also 'the' can come before a singular or plural noun.
• For example, your friend might ask, “Are you going to the party this weekend?”
• Here in the sentence, Here Apple is a singular noun with a vowel sound and the Second apple is that specific apple that we were mentioned in the first sentence, so the article 'An' and 'The' is used before them respectively.
• Hence, Option 3 is the correct answer.

The correct sentence is: I ate an apple yesterday. The apple was juicy and delicious.

Additional Information

Exceptions: Choosing A or An

• There are a few exceptions to the general rule of using 'a' before words that start with consonants and 'an' before words that begin with vowels.
• The first letter of the word honour, for example, is a consonant, but it’s unpronounced. In spite of its spelling, the word honour begins with a vowel sound. Therefore, we use 'an'.
• My mother is an honest woman.
• She isaUnited States senator.

The correct answer is 'was working'.

Key Points

• Past continuous tense is used to express an action that was in continuation at some point in time in the past. 
• It follows the structure: 
• sub + was/were + V₁ + ing + obj.
• Example: I was studying for the test when he arrived.
• The given sentence highlights where the speaker was working six years ago from today.
• So, 'was working' is the correct replacement of the highlighted phrase.

Correct sentence: Six years ago today, I was working in a reputed law firm in Texas. 

Additional Information

• Simple past tense is used to denote an action that finished in the past.

• It follows the structure: sub + V2 + obj.

• Example: He worked hard for the test.

• Present perfect continuous tense is used to express an action that started in the past and is still going on. 

• It follows the structure: sub + has/have + been + V₁ + ing + obj + for/since + time.

• Example: I have been painting the walls since morning.

• Past continuous tense का उपयोग एक क्रिया को व्यक्त करने के लिए किया जाता है जो अतीत में किसी समय में निरंतरता में था।

• यह संरचना का अनुसरण करता है:

• sub + was/were + V1 + ing + obj.

• उदाहरण: I was studying for the test when he arrived.

• दिए गए वाक्य में उस समय पर प्रकाश डाला गया है जहां स्पीकर आज से छह साल पहले काम कर रहा था।

• तो, 'was working' हाइलाइट किए गए वाक्यांश का सही प्रतिस्थापन है।

The correct answer is "Exult"

Key Points

• Let's look at the meaning of the given word.
• Rejoice: feel or show great joy or delight.
• Let's look at the meaning of the given words.
• Grieve: feel intense sorrow.
• Exult: feel or show triumphant elation or jubilation.
• Brood: think deeply about something that makes one unhappy, angry, or worried.
• Conceal: prevent (something) from being known; keep secret.
• As per the meaning of the given words, "exult" is the synonym of "rejoice".
• Example: The fans exulted at their team's victory over their rivals.

​Hence, the correct answer is option 2. 

Hinglish

• Let's look at the meaning of the given word.
• ​Rejoice: बहुत खुशी या खुशी महसूस करना या दिखाना।
• Let's look at the meaning of the given words.
• Grieve: तीव्र दुख महसूस करना।
• Exult: विजयी उत्साह या उल्लास को महसूस करना या दिखाना।
• Brood: किसी ऐसी चीज के बारे में गहराई से सोचें जो किसी को दुखी, क्रोधित या चिंतित करे।
• Conceal: (कुछ) ज्ञात होने से रोकना; गुप्त रखें।
• As per the meaning of the given words, "exult" is the synonym of "rejoice".

The correct answer is 'Contenders.'

Key Points

• Let us see the meaning of Competitors:
• Competitors: persons or organizations that are competing against others. (प्रतिस्‍पर्धी; प्रतियोगी व्‍यक्ति या संस्‍था)
• Example: There are ten competitors in the first race.
• Let us see the meanings of the given options:
• Contenders: people who compete with other people to try to win something. (जो लोग कुछ जीतने की कोशिश करने के लिए अन्य लोगों के साथ प्रतिस्पर्धा करते हैं)
• Example: There are only two serious contenders for the leadership.
• Peers: persons who are of the same age or position in society as you. (व्‍यक्ति जो समाज में समान स्‍थान पर या आयु का हो; समकक्ष व्‍यक्ति)
• Companions: persons or animals with whom you spend a lot of time or go somewhere. (साथी, सखा, सहचर (मनुष्‍य या पशु))
• Crowd: a large number of people in one place. (भीड़, जनसमूह)
• From the meanings of the given words, we can say that the word 'Contenders' is similar in meaning to the underlined word 'Competitors'.

Additional Information    

• Let us see the synonyms of the given options:
• Competitors: Contenders
• Companions: Associates

The correct answer is 'boldness'.

Key Points

• Audacity is a noun which means a willingness to take bold risks.
• Example - He whistled at the sheer audacity of the plan.
• Let us look into the meaning of the given options - 
• strength - the quality or state of being physically strong.
• boldness - willingness to take risks and act innovatively; confidence or courage.
• asperity - harshness of tone or manner.
• fear - an unpleasant emotion caused by the threat of danger, pain, or harm.
• From the above meanings it is clear that 'boldness' is the one which best expresses the meaning of 'audacity'.
• Hence, option 2 is the correct answer.

The correct answer is 'Mercenary'.

Key Points 

• Let us look at the meanings of the words given in the options.

• ​The meaning of the word 'mercenary' agrees with the meaning conveyed by the given words.
• So, 'mercenary' is the correct substitute for the given words.

Correct Word: Mercenary

Additional Information

• Synonyms of 'mercenary': Avaricious, Greedy, Money-oriented
• The word 'volunteer' is the antonym of 'mercenary'.

The correct answer is 'Colleagues'

Key Points

• The word Colleagues is a noun and its meaning is one of a group of people who work together.
• ​Example: We're entertaining some colleagues of Carol's tonight.
• So this will be the most appropriate answer to substitute the given sentence is Colleagues.

Thus the correct answer is option 1.

Additional Information​

• Let's understand the meaning of the other given words:

​

दिए गए विकल्प से सही उत्तर 'Colleagues' है

• शब्द Colleagues एक noun है और इसका अर्थ उन लोगों के समूह में से एक है जो एक साथ काम करते हैं।
• ​Example: We're entertaining some colleagues of Carol's tonight.
• तो यह दिए गए वाक्य के लिए सबसे उपयुक्त उत्तर Colleagues होगा।

इस प्रकार सही उत्तर option 1 है।

The correct answer is 'Amateur'.

Key Points

• Let us see the meanings of the words given in option:

• From the meaning of the given words, we can say that one word for the following expression is 'Amateur'.
• Hence, the correct answer is 'Amateur'.

Additional Information

• Let’s see some examples of one-word substitution:

Here the correct answer is Worldly.

Key Points

• Let's look at the meaning of the given word:-
• Credulous*(adjective)* - having or showing too great a readiness to believe things. (चीजों पर विश्वास करने के लिए बहुत अधिक तत्परता होना या दिखाना)
• For Example - A ceremony staged for credulous tourists.
• Let's look at the meaning of the correct answer:-
• Worldly*(adjective)* - (of a person) experienced and sophisticated. ((किसी व्यक्ति का) अनुभवी और परिष्कृत)
• For Example - She was much more worldly than Nora and dismissed the slur.
• Thus, after looking at the meaning of both the words, we find that both the words are opposite in meaning.
• Option 2, 3, and 4 are synonyms of Credulous.
• Thus, the correct answer is Option 1.

Therefore, the correct antonym of the given word is Worldly.

Additional Information

• Let's look at the meaning of the other options:-

The correct answer is Simultanously.

Key Points

• Let us explore the options:-
• 'Occurred' means to happen, especially in a way that has not been planned.
• Ex:It occurred to him that she might push him off it.
• 'Simultanously': There is no such word in English or we can say that that there is some spelling mistake in this word.
• ​The correct spelling is 'Simultaneously' means existing or occurring at the same time.
• 'Occasions' means a particular time when something happens.
• Ex: A anniversary is no occasion for tears.
• 'Exaggerated' means to make something seem larger, better or worse than it really is.
• Ex: This amount has been greatly exaggerated.

Hence, the correct answer is option 2.

Additional Information

• The synonyms of the word 'Simultaneously' are concurrently, together, concomitantly.
• Example of 'Simultaneously' in a sentence:
• It was simultaneously terrifying  and irritating.

The correct answer is "to maintain or guard something temporarily".

Key Points

• Hold the fort - This idiomatic phrase indicates the situation where someone is left with the responsibility to manage, maintain, or guard a position (generally a position of leadership or responsibility) until the person normally in charge is able to return.
• For example - My boss is taking a two-week vacation. She asked me to hold the fort until she gets back.
• In a military context, it meant to watch and protect a fort when the main forces were out somewhere else.

​Therefore, the correct answer is "Option 4".

The correct answer is- To take over a job or some role from someone 

Key Points

• Let's look at the meaning of the given idiom:
• Step into someone's shoes: To take someone's place, often by doing the job they have just left.(किसी की जगह लेने के लिए, अक्सर वह काम करके जो उन्होंने अभी-अभी छोड़ा है।)
• Example: Who do you think will step into Sarah's shoes when she goes?

Hence, the correct meaning of a given idiom is To take over a job or some role from someone. 

Additional Information

• Let's find out some synonym of Job:
• Position: a job. (एक नौकरी।)
• Place:  A position in relation to other things or people. (अन्य चीजों या लोगों के संबंध में एक स्थिति।)

The correct answer is 'join'.

Key Points

• The meaning of the word is
• disband- to stop being a group
• Let's see the meanings of the given options.
• disperse- to spread across or move away over a large area
• demobilize- to release someone from one of the armed forces
• dissolve- to disappear
• join- to connect or fasten things together
• According to the meanings of the words, join is the right answer.

The correct answer is- 'A false discovery.'

Key Points 

• The meaning of the given idiom is:
• Mare's nest means something imagined to be an extraordinary discovery but proving to be a delusion or a hoax. (घोड़ी के घोंसले का मतलब कुछ ऐसा है जिसकी कल्पना एक असाधारण खोज के रूप में की जाती है लेकिन यह एक भ्रम या धोखा साबित होता है।)
• Example: The announced cure for the disease was merely another mare's-nest.
• By the above meaning and example, we can say that 'a false discovery' is the correct answer.

Hence option 1 is the appropriate answer.

Additional Information 

• Let's learn about the origin of the given idiom:
• The phrase mare's nest was first recorded in the late 16^th century, as a variant 'a horse's nest,' although this is now no longer in use. A mare's nest is here being used to symbolize something that does not exist, as horses do not make nests. (Mare's nest वाक्यांश पहली बार 16 वीं शताब्दी के अंत में 'a horse's nest' के रूप में दर्ज किया गया था, हालांकि अब यह उपयोग में नहीं है। यहां एक mare's nest किसी ऐसी चीज का प्रतीक है जो अस्तित्व में नहीं है, क्योंकि घोड़े घोंसले नहीं बनाते हैं।)

The correct answer is Imitate.

Key Points 

• The correctly spelled word is Imitate.
• It means to copy the behaviour of somebody/something (किसी के आचरण की नक़ल करना; अनुकरण करना).
• Example: Small children learn by imitating their parents.

Hence, the correct choice is option 1.

The correct answer is Construe.

Key Points

• The correctly spelled word is Construe.
• It means to understand the meaning of something in a particular way (किसी बात का विशेष अर्थ लगाना, किसी बात का विशेष ढंग से समझा जाना). 
• Example: Her confident manner is often construed as arrogance.

Hence, the correct choice is option 3.

The correct answer is "Make something look foolish/absurd".

Key Points

• The phrase "make a mockery of" means to cause something to appear ridiculous, foolish, or absurd.
• It is often used to describe situations where an action or behavior undermines or trivializes a serious matter or concept. 
• Example sentence: "The parody film made a mockery of the superhero genre, exaggerating its tropes to absurd levels."
• Hence, the correct answer will be Option 4.

Additional Information 

• Option 1: "To bully little kids" - This is not the correct interpretation of the phrase. Bullying is a harmful behavior, but it's not directly related to making a situation or concept appear foolish or absurd.
• Option 2: "Befool people" - While this phrase involves deception or making fools of people, it doesn't fully capture the essence of "make a mockery of", which involves trivializing or undermining something serious.
• Option 3: "Unable to prove" - This doesn't capture the meaning of the phrase at all. "Make a mockery of" doesn't involve proving or disproving something.

The correct answer is "Pantry"

Key Points

• Let's look at the meaning of given words.
• ​Gallery: a balcony or upper floor projecting from an interior back or side wall of a hall or church, providing space for an audience or musicians.
• Pantry: a small room or cupboard in which food, crockery, and cutlery are kept.
• Bakery: a place where bread and cakes are made or sold.
• Dispensary: a room where medicines are prepared and provided.
• ​As per the meaning of the given words, "pantry" is the one-word substitute for the given group of words.
• Example:  I am going to the pantry car of the train to get some snacks.

​Hence, the correct answer is option 2.

Hinglish

• Let's look at the meaning of given words.
• ​Gallery: एक हॉल या चर्च की आंतरिक पीठ या साइड की दीवार से निकलने वाली बालकनी या ऊपरी मंजिल, दर्शकों या संगीतकारों के लिए जगह प्रदान करती है।
• Pantry: एक छोटा कमरा या अलमारी जिसमें खाना, क्रॉकरी और कटलरी रखी जाती है।
• Bakery: वह स्थान जहाँ रोटी और केक बनाए या बेचे जाते हैं।
• Dispensary: एक कमरा जहां दवाएं तैयार की जाती हैं और उपलब्ध कराई जाती हैं।
• ​As per the meaning of the given words, "pantry" is the one-word substitute for the given group of words.

The correct answer is- 'Cardiology' 

Key Points

• Let us see the meanings of the given options:
• Cardiology: Cardio - root means heart and -logy - suffix means the study of. It means the study of the heart and its functions in health and disease. (कार्डी - जड़ का अर्थ है हृदय, -ology - suffix  का अर्थ है अध्ययन करना। इसका मतलब हैं हृदयरोग विज्ञान)
• Osteology: The word 'Osteology' is derived from the from Greek ὀστέον (ostéon) 'bones​' and -ology - suffix means the study of. It means the study of the structure and function of the skeleton and bony structures. ('Osteology' शब्द ग्रीक ὀστέον (ओस्टियन) 'हड्डियों' से लिया गया है और  -ology - suffix  का अर्थ है अध्ययन। इसका मतलब है कंकाल और हड्डी संरचनाओं की संरचना और कार्य का अध्ययन)
• Gastroenterology: The word 'Gastroenterology' is derived from the Greek gastḗr, meaning “stomach” or “belly” and -ology - suffix means the study of. It means the branch of medicine that deals with disorders of the stomach and intestines. (शब्द  'Gastroenterology' ग्रीक गैस्टर से लिया गया है, जिसका अर्थ है "पेट" या "पेट" और -ology - suffix का अर्थ है अध्ययन। इसका मतलब है औषधि की वह शाखा जो पेट और आंतों के विकारों से संबंधित है)
• Gynaecologist: The word "gynaecology" comes from the oblique stem (γυναικ-) of the Greek word γυνή (gyne) semantically attached to "woman"​ and the root word logist is used to indicate a person skilled. It means a doctor who specializes in female reproductive health. (शब्द "gynaecology" ग्रीक शब्द γυνή (गाइन) के तिरछे तने (γυναικ-) से आया है, जिसका शब्दार्थ "महिला" से जुड़ा हुआ है और मूल शब्द logist का उपयोग कुशल व्यक्ति को इंगित करने के लिए किया जाता है। इसका मतलब है एक डॉक्टर जो महिला प्रजनन स्वास्थ्य में विशेषज्ञता रखता है)
• ​Therefore, the study of the heart and its functions in health and disease is called 'Cardiology.'

Additional Information         

• Let us see the meanings of other words:
• Misanthropic: not liking other people. (अन्य लोगों को पसंद नहीं करना।)
• Example: They were not the misanthropic misfits and ill-adapted persons to be found in the criminal courts of this country.
• Asceticism: the practice of living a simple life without physical pleasures, often for religious reasons. (भौतिक सुखों के बिना एक साधारण जीवन जीने का अभ्यास, अक्सर धार्मिक कारणों से।)
• Example: He believed a closer relationship with God could be found through strict asceticism.

The correct answer is- '​Orthopaedics'

Key Points

• Let us see the meanings of the given options:
• Cardiology: Cardio - root means heart and -logy - suffix means the study of. It means the study of the heart and its functions in health and disease. (कार्डी - जड़ का अर्थ है हृदय, -ology - suffix  का अर्थ है अध्ययन करना। इसका मतलब हैं हृदयरोग विज्ञान)
• Orthopaedics: The word "orthopedic" comes from the Greek orthos meaning "straight, correct" and paideia meaning "rearing of children." It means the area of medicine connected with injuries and diseases of the bones or muscles. (शब्द "orthopedic" ग्रीक orthos से आया है जिसका अर्थ है "सीधा, सही" और paideia का अर्थ है "बच्चों का पालन-पोषण।" इसका मतलब है विकलांग-चिकित्‍सा (अस्थियों या मांसपेशियों की क्षति और रोगों की चिकित्‍सा))
• Orthodontics: The word "Orthodontics" comes from the Greek orthos meaning "straight, correct" and odon for "tooth." It means the treatment of irregularities in the teeth and jaws. (शब्द  "Orthodontics" ग्रीक orthos से आया है जिसका अर्थ है "सीधा, सही" और "दांत" के लिए oden। इसका मतलब है दांतों और जबड़ों में अनियमितताओं का उपचार)
• ​Therefore, the area of medicine connected with injuries and diseases of the bones or muscles is called 'Orthopaedics.'

Additional Information           

• Let us see the meanings of other words:
• Misanthropic: not liking other people. (अन्य लोगों को पसंद नहीं करना।)
• Example: They were not the misanthropic misfits and ill-adapted persons to be found in the criminal courts of this country.
• Asceticism: the practice of living a simple life without physical pleasures, often for religious reasons. (भौतिक सुखों के बिना एक साधारण जीवन जीने का अभ्यास, अक्सर धार्मिक कारणों से।)
• Example: He believed a closer relationship with God could be found through strict asceticism.

The correct answer is- ​To backbite.

Key Points

• Let's look at the meaning of the given idiom:
• Poison someone's ears: To make someone believe unpleasant things about another person that is not true.(किसी दूसरे व्यक्ति के बारे में अप्रिय बातों पर विश्वास करना, जो सच नहीं है।)
• Example: Don't listen to her lies - she's just trying to poison your mind against me.
• Backbite: To say unpleasant and unkind things about someone who is not there.(किसी ऐसे व्यक्ति के बारे में अप्रिय और निर्दयी बातें कहना जो वहाँ नहीं है।)

Hence, the correct meaning of a given idiom is-To backbite

Additional Information

• Let's find out some synonym of Backbite:
• Slander: A false spoken statement about someone that damages their reputation, or the making of such a statement. (किसी के बारे में झूठा बोला गया बयान जो उनकी प्रतिष्ठा को नुकसान पहुंचाता है, या ऐसा बयान देना।)
• Defamation:  The action of damaging the reputation of a person or group by saying or writing bad things about them that are not true. (किसी व्यक्ति या समूह की प्रतिष्ठा को नुकसान पहुँचाने की क्रिया उनके बारे में बुरी बातें कहकर या लिख ​​कर जो सच नहीं है।)

The correct answer is 'Reject'.

Key Points

• ​The word Accept (verb) means- "to agree to take something". (कुछ लेने के लिए सहमत होना)   
• E.g: I accept full responsibility for the failure of the plan.
• The antonyms of the given word Accept are-  'Reject', 'refuse', 'deny', 'opposed', 'disapproved, etc.
• From the antonyms of the given word, we can say that the word 'Reject' is the opposite in meaning.
• The word Reject (verb) means- "to refuse to accept, use, or believe something or someone". (कुछ या किसी को स्वीकार करने, उपयोग करने या विश्वास करने से इनकार करने के लिए)
• E.g: The appeal was rejected by the court.
• ​Hence, the correct option is Option 1).
• Let's have a look at the meaning of other given options:
• Agree (verb) - "to have the same opinion". (एक ही राय रखने के लिए)
• Adopt (verb) - "to legally take another person's child into your own family and take care of him or her as your own child". (कानूनी तौर पर किसी अन्य व्यक्ति के बच्चे को अपने परिवार में लेने के लिए और अपने बच्चे के रूप में उसकी देखभाल करने के लिए)
• Curb (verb) - "to control the growth or expression of something". (किसी चीज की वृद्धि या अभिव्यक्ति को नियंत्रित करने के लिए)

Additional Information

• The synonyms of the given word Accept are- 'Receive', 'take', 'obtain', 'acquire, etc.
• Example of 'Accept' in a sentence: 
• I offered her an apology, but she did not accept it.

Here the correct answer is Accept.

Key Points:-

• Let's look at the meaning of the given word:-
• Ostracize*(verb)* - exclude from a society or group. (किसी समाज या समूह से बहिष्कृत करना)
• For Example - She was declared a witch and ostracized by the villagers.
• Let's look at the meaning of the correct answer:-
• Accept*(verb)* - regard favourably or with approval; welcome. (अनुकूल या अनुमोदन के साथ संबंध; स्वागत)
• For Example - The Irish never accepted him as one of them.
• Thus, after looking at the meaning of both the words, we find that both the words are opposite in meaning.
• Option 3 is the synonym of Ostracize.
• Thus, the correct answer is Option 1.

Therefore, the correct antonym of the given word is Accept.

Additional Information

• Let's look at the meaning of the other options:-

Here the correct answer is Admirable.

Key Points:-

• Let's look at the meaning of the given word:-
• Heinous*(adjective)* - (of a person or wrongful act, especially a crime) utterly odious or wicked. ((किसी व्यक्ति का या गलत कार्य, विशेष रूप से एक अपराध) पूरी तरह से घिनौना या दुष्ट)
• For Example - A battery of heinous crimes.
• Let's look at the meaning of the correct answer:-
• Admirable*(adjective)* - arousing or deserving respect and approval. (सम्मान और अनुमोदन के योग्य)
• For Example - He has one admirable quality-he is totally honest.
• Thus, after looking at the meaning of both the words, we find that both the words are opposite in meaning.
• Option 1, 2, and 4 are synonyms of Heinous.
• Thus, the correct answer is Option 3.

Therefore, the correct antonym of the given word is Admirable.

Additional Information

• Let's look at the meaning of the other options:-

The correct answer is 'old school'.

Key Points

• An idiom is a phrase or expression that has a meaning that in most cases cannot be deduced directly from the individual words in that phrase or expression.
• From the given statement we can gather that there is an increase in old-fashioned games like ludo on smartphones.
• To denote old-fashioned ideas or approaches compared to current trends, we use the idiom 'old school'.
• Hence option 2 is the correct answer.

Additional Information

• Let's look at the remaining idioms.

The correct answer is 'sweeter'.

Key Points

• Sweet is an adjective.
• Every adjective has three degrees.
• ​Sweet is the positive degree of the adjective.
• In some adjectives, comparative and superlative degrees are formed by using 'er' and 'est' respectively with the positive degree.
• Sweet is such an adjective.
• So the comparative degree of sweet is sweeter.
• Thus the correct answer is: sweeter.

Additional Information

• Uses of degrees of adjectives are as under:

The correct answer is "QRSP"

Key Points

• 'Caroline Harrison' is the subject of the sentence. Part Q comes first and starts by telling us that she would mail (something)
• Part R reveals that something as being ceramic milk sets that she would send to parents.
• Next will be part S which tells us that she would do this for parents that named their children after (someone).
• This someone is revealed to be US President Benjamin Harrison in part P.

The correct sentence is: Q Caroline Harrison would mail R ceramic milk sets to parents S that named their children after P U.S. President Benjamin Harrison.

The correct answer is "RSQP"

Key Points

• The noun 'marijuana' is the subject of the sentence. Part R starts the sentence with comparing marijuana to other drugs.
• Part S follows mentioning marijuana as being less harmful than alcohol.
• Next comes part Q adding tobacco to the list of things more harmful than marijuana.
• Part P ends the sentence stating that both alcohol and tobacco are legal over the less harmful 'marijuana'.

The correct sentence is: R marijuana is less S harmful than alcohol Q and tobacco, which P are already legal

The correct answer is- '​Anthropology'

Key Points

• Let us see the meanings of the given options:
• Anthropology:
• The word "Anthropology" is derived from Greek, anthrōpos meaning “human being” and the root word logy is used to indicate a branch of study. It means the study of human societies and cultures and their development.
• Word "Anthropology"  ग्रीक से लिया गया है, एंथ्रोपोस जिसका अर्थ है "इंसान" और मूल शब्द लॉजि का उपयोग अध्ययन की एक शाखा में शामिल करने के लिए किया जाता है। इसका अर्थ है मानव समाजों और संस्कृतियों और उनके विकास का अध्ययन।
• Astronomer:
• The word "Astronomer" is derived from Greek astronomia meaning "star-regulating and nomos meaning "arranging, regulating; rule, law." It means an expert in or student of astronomy.
• Word "Astronomer" ग्रीक एस्ट्रोनोमिया से लिया गया है जिसका अर्थ है "स्टार-रेगुलेटिंग एंड नोमोस" जिसका अर्थ है "व्यवस्था, विनियमन; नियम, कानून।" इसका अर्थ है खगोल विज्ञान का विशेषज्ञ या छात्र।
• Botanist:
• The word "Botanist" is derived from the term "botany" which comes from the Ancient Greek word botanē meaning "pasture", "herbs" "grass", or "fodder". It means an expert in or student of the scientific study of plants.
• Word "Botanist"  शब्द "वनस्पति विज्ञान" से लिया गया है जो प्राचीन ग्रीक शब्द वनस्पति से आया है जिसका अर्थ है "चरागाह", "जड़ी-बूटी" "घास", या "चारा"। इसका अर्थ है पौधों के वैज्ञानिक अध्ययन का विशेषज्ञ या छात्र।
• Zoologist:
• The word "Zoologist" is derived from Greek zoion meaning "animal and the root word logist is used to indicate a person skilled or involved in a branch of study denoted by a noun ending in -logy. It means an expert in or student of the behaviour, physiology, classification, and distribution of animals.
• Word "Zoologist"  ग्रीक ज़ोयन से लिया गया है जिसका अर्थ है "जानवर और मूल शब्द लॉजिस्ट का उपयोग किसी व्यक्ति को कुशल या अध्ययन की एक शाखा में शामिल करने के लिए किया जाता है, जिसे संज्ञा समाप्त होने वाली संज्ञा द्वारा दर्शाया जाता है। इसका मतलब है कि एक विशेषज्ञ या छात्र जानवरों का व्यवहार, शरीर विज्ञान, वर्गीकरण और वितरण।
• ​Therefore, the development of the human race is called '​Anthropology.'

Additional Information               

Let us see the meanings of the given root words:

The correct answer is "PQRS"

Key Points

• The compound word 'school uniform' starts the sentence and uses 'create' to tell us about what they do. (Part P comes first)
• The next is part Q reveals its purpose as creating a level playing field among students, where the word 'students' comes in the next part R.
• R also mentions and additional purpose, which is found to be 'reducing peer pressure and bullying' when joined with the final part S.

The correct sentence is : P school uniforms create a Q level playing field among R students, reducing peer S pressure and bullying

The correct answer is "SRQP"

Key Points

• Part S starts the sentence by telling us about an American lumber businessman.
• In the next part R adds that he is also a politician and mentions his name 'John Barber White'.
• Part Q comes next telling us that he funded a scholarship (somewhere).
• That place is later revealed in part P as Williams College, he did that in memory of his son.

The correct sentence is: S American lumber businessman and R politician John Barber White Q funded a scholarship at P Williams College in memory of his son.

The correct answer is "SQRP"

Key Points

• 'Because' conjunction starts the sentence for the purpose of giving a reason for something later mentioned about the sport. (Part S comes first)
• Part Q follows mentioning the origin country of the sport as England.
• Part R comes next giving the assumption of the sport about by people.
• The final part P reveals the assumption as people thinking the term soccer is an Americanism.

The correct sentence is : S because the sport Q originated in England, R it is often assumed that P soccer is an Americanism.

The correct answer is '​Convergance'.

Key Points 

• Let's explore the options:
• ​'Accountability' means the fact of being responsible for what you do and being able to give a satisfactory reason for it.
• ​Example: The public has been demanding greater accountability from its lawmakers.
• 'Promotive' means tending or serving to promote measures.
• ​Example: In her six years of tenure as director, Shilpa launched new preventive and promotive health care services.
• 'Adolescent' means a young person in the process of developing from a child into an adult.
• ​Example: India turns its spotlight on the health of adolescents.
• 'Convergance':  There is no such word in English or we can say that there is some spelling mistake in this word.
• The correct spelling is 'Convergence' indicates the process of moving together from different directions and meeting.

Hence, the correct answer is option 3.​ 

Additional Information 

• The synonyms of the word 'Convergence' are conjunction, confluence, junction, and intersection.
• ​Example of 'Convergence' in a sentence.​
• ​Example: Management focus is on the convergence of business acumen, strategy, and capital requirements.

The correct answer is Manoeuvre.

Key Points

• The correctly spelled word is Manoeuvre.
• It means a planned and controlled movement or operation by the armed forces for training purposes and in war (प्रशिक्षण उद्देश्यों और युद्ध में सशस्त्र बलों द्वारा एक योजनाबद्ध और नियंत्रित आंदोलन या संचालन).

Hence, the correct choice is option 1.

The correct answer is 'Bloodier'.

Key Points

• When two items/people are compared, a comparative degree is used by putting ‘er’ to the adjective word.
• So the comparative degree of the word 'Bloody' is 'Bloodier'.
• Therefore, 'Bloodier' is the correct answer.

Additional Information

• Let us discuss the degree of adjectives, positive, comparative and superlative:

The correct answer is Optimistic.

Key Points

• The passage is filled with positive sentiments regarding the growth and potential of the electric vehicle (EV) sector in India. It highlights the rapid growth, substantial investments, impressive market statistics, and the government's commitment to supporting electric vehicles.
• The passage also discusses the employment opportunities, economic benefits, government schemes promoting EVs, and the global shift towards eco-friendly transportation, all contributing to a positive and optimistic tone about the future of the EV sector in India.
• Thus, the correct answer is option 1.

The correct answer is 'Rise of Electric Vehicles in India'.

Key Points

• The passage largely focuses on the promising growth and advancement of electric vehicles (EVs) in India.
• It discusses the current scenario, the growing market, investments, employment prospects, government initiatives, and global efforts to combat climate change through the transition to EVs. It highlights the substantial economic benefits, the emergence of new players, the government's ambitious goals, and India's potential as a significant player in the electric vehicle market.
• Therefore, option 4, "The Surge of Electric Vehicles in India," accurately captures the central theme of the passage, emphasizing the remarkable rise and potential of EVs within the Indian market.

The correct answer is '$266'.

Key Points

• The estimated market value of the Indian electric vehicle (EV) sector by 2030, as per the passage, is $266 billion.
• This projection is mentioned in the passage where it discusses the EV market's growth potential, projecting it to reach a value of $266 billion by 2030.
• This figure highlights the significant economic prospects and expansion anticipated within the EV sector in India.
• Therefore, the correct answer is option 4 - $266 billion.

The correct answer is 'To promote the electrification of public and shared transportation'.

Key Points

• The primary focus of the FAME II scheme, as stated in the passage, is to promote the electrification of public and shared transportation.
• This scheme is detailed in the passage, emphasizing its aim to incentivize and support the adoption of electric and hybrid vehicles, particularly in public and shared transportation sectors like buses, three-wheelers, cars, and two-wheelers.
• Reference line from the passage: "The subsequent phase, known as FAME II, is a 3-year subsidy program with a primary focus on promoting the electrification of public and shared transportation."
• Therefore, the correct answer is Option 3.

The correct answer is 'The sky's the the limit'.

Key Points

• The correct answer here is option 4 "The sky's the limit."
• This idiom implies that there are no limits to what can be achieved.
• In the context of the passage, it signifies the massive potential and seemingly endless growth possibilities of the electric vehicle sector, as it's projected to become a **$266** billion market by 2030 and offers substantial employment opportunities, indicating an almost boundless scope for expansion$.

The correct answer is 'Women who pursue the Civil Services Examination face societal obstacles, which may necessitate stronger support systems and greater personal perseverance'.

Key Points

• The passage discusses the achievements of women in the Civil Services Examination and highlights the challenges they face.
• It mentions the remarkable success of women in securing top ranks and highlights their perseverance against various odds. It acknowledges the societal challenges these women encounter, emphasizing the need for perseverance against obstacles.
• The passage emphasizes the importance of an empathetic ecosystem and mentions that many girls have had to give up halfway due to societal pressures in a largely patriarchal society. This indicates the hurdles and societal expectations that women often confront when aiming to succeed in such competitive exams.
• Therefore, option 4 aligns with the challenges and societal obstacles faced by women in pursuing success in the Civil Services Examination.

The correct answer is 'They dedicated themselves to extensive studying, and showed determination, resilience, and commitment despite numerous attempts and potential societal obstacles'.

Key Points

• The passage outlines the accomplishments of the top-ranking women in the Civil Services Examination. It highlights their efforts and attributes that led to their success. Specifically, it mentions Ishita Kishore's commitment to studying extensively and practicing writing at length despite the examination process being draining.
• It also notes the perseverance of Garima Lohia and Uma Harathi N., who cleared the examination in their subsequent attempts, demonstrating determination and resilience.
• Additionally, the passage emphasizes the reflections of these women on success and failure, indicating the importance of perseverance against all odds and the significance of an empathetic ecosystem.
• These details collectively imply that the successful women relied on dedication, resilience, and commitment to overcome obstacles and secure top ranks in the examination. Hence, option 2 aligns with the strategies and attributes inferred from the passage.

The correct answer is 'The IAS trail-blazers, many of them women, often chose their campaign issues by being closely connected to the rural or semi-urban areas they were first posted in'.

Key Points

• The passage discusses the experiences of candidates in the Indian Administrative Service (IAS) and highlights that, as per the norm, they often start their postings in rural or semi-urban areas. It mentions that these civil servants, particularly many women, stayed connected to these areas, listened to the concerns of the local communities, and picked issues they would campaign for.
• This information implies that these IAS officers, especially the women among them, often chose their campaign issues based on their close connections and understanding of the issues prevalent in the rural or semi-urban areas where they were initially posted.
• Therefore, option 1 aligns with the details provided in the passage.

The correct answer is 'Women civil servants play an important role in shaping the administrative system, and their efforts are particularly crucial for the welfare of women who often find themselves marginalized'.

Key Points

• The passage discusses the significance of women civil servants within the Indian Administrative Service (IAS) framework. It emphasizes their role as the steel framework of the administrative system.
• It mentions that while these civil servants, many of them women, may work under pressure, their service is crucial for the well-being of a young India, especially for marginalized women.
• The text highlights their contributions, particularly in addressing issues such as the right to education for children, indicating the vital role these women play in shaping the administrative system and advocating for the welfare of marginalized groups.
• Hence, option 4 aligns with the details presented in the passage.

The correct answer is 'Listening to'.

Key Points

• The correct answer is, "Listening to." In the passage, it's mentioned that civil servants, especially many women among them, stayed connected to rural or semi-urban areas, listened to the concerns of the local communities, and selected issues they would campaign for.
• The term "listening to" encapsulates the action of closely understanding and addressing the concerns of these communities, aligning with the context provided in the passage.
• Option 4, "Listening to," best describes the action described in the text, where civil servants actively engage with the local community's concerns and needs.

The correct answer is Satluj.

• Bhakra Dam is a concrete gravity dam on the Sutlej River in Bilaspur, Himachal Pradesh in northern India.
• The dam forms the Gobind Sagar reservoir.
• The dam, located at a gorge near the (now submerged) upstream Bhakra village in Bilaspur district of Himachal Pradesh is of height 226 m.

Additional Information

• Sutlej River, Ancient Greek Zaradros, Sanskrit Shutudri or Shatadru, longest of the five tributaries of the Indus River that give Punjab (meaning “Five Rivers”) its name.
• It rises on the north slope of the Himalayas in Lake La'nga in southwestern Tibet, at an elevation above 15,000 feet (4,600 meters).
• It is located north of the Vindhya Range, south of the Hindu Kush segment of the Himalayas, and east of the Central Sulaiman Range in Pakistan.
• The Sutlej is sometimes known as the Red River. It is the easternmost tributary of the Indus River. Its source is Lake Rakshastal in Tibet.
• Ravi River rises in the Himalayas in Himachal Pradesh state, India, and flows west-northwest past Chamba, turning southwest at the boundary of Jammu and Kashmir state.
• The river then flows to the Pakistani border and along with it for more than 50 miles (80 km) before entering Pakistan's Punjab province.
• Beas River is one of the five rivers that give Punjab (“Five Rivers”) its name.
• Beas River is in Himachal Pradesh, India.
• The Beas rises at an elevation of 14,308 feet (4,361 meters) at Rohtang Pass in the western (Punjab) Himalayas (a section of the vast Himalayas mountain range), in central Himachal Pradesh.

The correct answer is article 324.

Key Points

• Article 324 in the Indian Constitution gives power to the Election Commission to direct, control, and conduct elections to all Parliament, to the Legislature of every state, and of elections to the offices of the President and Vice President held under the Constitution.
• Article 324 of the Constitution vests the “superintendence, direction and control of elections” in an Election Commission consisting “of the Chief Election Commissioner and such number of other Election Commissioners, if any, as the President may from time to time fix”.
• Election Commission
• An election commission is a body charged with overseeing the implementation of the electioneering process of any country.
• The Election Commission of India is a permanent and independent body established by the Constitution of India directly to ensure free and fair elections in the country.
• The body administers elections to the Lok Sabha, Rajya Sabha, State Legislative Assemblies, State Legislative Councils, and the offices of the President and Vice President of the country.

Additional Information

• Article 320: Functions of Public Service Commission.
• Article 322: The expenses of the Union or a State Public Service Commission.
• Article 324: Superintendence, direction, and control of elections to be vested in an Election Commission.

The correct answer is DigiELV. 

In News

• Union Road Transport and Highways Minister, Nitin Gadkari, launched DigiELV, a platform for vehicle service life certificate submissions.

Key Points

• According to the launched platform, any person with an end-of-life vehicle certificate can sell their certificate.
• The National Vehicle Scrappage Policy is set to promote a circular economy, in turn, creating more jobs.
• The policy provides up to a 25% tax exemption on road tax for new vehicles purchased after scrapping old ones.
• The scrappage policy is in effect from April 1, 2022, and mandates fitness checks for personal vehicles after 20 years and commercial vehicles after 15 years.

Additional Information

• Gadkari highlighted the need for 1,000 vehicle scrap centers and 400 automated fitness testing centers in the country.
• He sees potential for India to become a hub for vehicle scrapping in South Asia as per National Vehicle Scrappage Policy.

The correct answer is Sama.

Key Points

• The Sama Veda, as mentioned in the statement, is the shortest among the four Vedas and is known for its collection of **melodies and chants.**​

Additional Information

• The Rig Veda is considered the oldest and most important of the four Vedas.
• The Yajur Veda contains instructions for rituals and sacrifices.
• The Atharva Veda includes spells and charms for various purposes.

The correct answer is Mango Shower.

Mango Shower is the local winds that help in the ripening of mangoes.

The correct answer is Option (2) i.e. State Election commission.

Key Points

• The State Election Commissions constituted under the Constitution for each State / Union Territory are vested with the powers of conduct of elections to the Corporations, Municipalities, Zilla Parishads, District Panchayats, Panchayat Samitis, Gram Panchayats and other local bodies.
• State Election Commissioner through its Nodal officers conducts the election of Gram Panchayat
• the tenure of Gram Panchyat is 5 years.
• The first meeting of elected members is considered as the date of commencement of the functioning of the Gram Panchayat.
• The Gram Panchayats has a direct democracy.
• The constitutional authority to the Panchayats is given by the 73^rd Amendment Act of 1992. which has added the 11^th Schedule in the Constitution.

The correct answer is Pulakeshin II.

Key Points

• Ravikirti was a Jain court poet and he composed the Aihole Prashasti, which is also known as the Aihole Inscription.
• The Aihole Prashasti, written in Sanskrit, provides a detailed account of the victories and achievements of Pulakeshin II.
• Pulakeshin II was a significant Chalukya ruler who is known for successfully defending his kingdom against the north Indian Emperor Harsha, as mentioned in the Aihole Prashasti.
• This historical document is a valuable source for the history of the Deccan during the 6^th century, as it provides a detailed account of the Chalukyan lineage and genealogy of its kings, up to Pulakeshin II.
• It is also an important document for the study of the development of Sanskrit literature.

Additional Information

The correct answer is Karnam Malleswari

Key Points

• Karnam Malleswari:-​
• She is an Indian weightlifter and is now retired.
• She won silver in World Championship, Istanbul in 1994 and Asian Weightlifting Championship, Korea in 1995.
• She was the two-time weightlifting champion with 11 Gold medals out of 29 international medals before the Olympics.
• In the 2000, Sydney Olympics she won a Bronze medal and become first and only Indian women weightlifter to win Olympics.
• She also awarded Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna Award in 1995, Arjuna Award in 1994 and Padma Shri in 1999.
• 2000 Summer Olympics:-
• The 2000 Summer Olympics was an international multi-sport event held from 15 September to 1 October 2000 in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
• It was the second time the Summer Olympics were held in Australia, and in the Southern Hemisphere.
• The United States topped the medal table, followed by Russia and China.

Additional Information

• Mirabai Chanu:-​
• Saikhom Mirabai Chanu is a weightlifter who hails from Manipur, India.
• She competed in the women’s 49-kilogram division at the Olympic Games in Tokyo in 2020 and earned the silver medal.
• Because of her hard work and dedication to the sport, the government of India honoured her with the Padma Shri award in 2018.
• In 2018, the Government of India honoured her with Major Dhyan Chand Khel Ratna for her achievements in the athletic world.
• Neelam Setti Laxmi:-
• She is ​s an Indian female weightlifter, competing in the 69 kg category and representing India at international competitions.
• She competed at world championships, most recently at the 1999 World Weightlifting Championships.
• She also won two silver medals at the 2002 Commonwealth Games.
• Nameirakpam Kunjarani Devi:-
• She is the most decorated Indian Sportswoman in Weightlifting, in the category of 48kg.
• She holds the rank of Commandant in the CRPF and also worked as nodal officer for the sports team in CRPF.
• She was also awarded Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna and Arjuna award for the year 2014.
• She was also the coach of the Indian Weightlifting in Common Wealth Games 2014 in Glasgow.

The correct answer is Sharda.

Key Points

• Sarayu River:
• The Sarayu is the largest tributary of the Sharda River.
• Sarayu originated from Surmool and joined Mahakali at Pancheshwar which is at the border of Nepal.
• Sarayu flows through the cities of Kapkot, Bageshwar and Seraghat in the state of Uttarakhand.
• The famous city of Ayodhya in Uttar Pradesh is situated on the bank of the Sarayu river.
• Bhuni, Sup, and Khati are some of the famous ghats on this river's bank river.
• The river forms the south-eastern border between the districts of Pithoragarh and Almora.
• Temperate and sub-Tropical forests cover the entire catchment area of the Sarayu River.
• Ramganga meets the left side of the Sarayu at Rameshwar.

Additional Information

• Pindar River:
• Pindar originates from Pindari Glacier which is located in the Bageshwar district of the Kumaon region in Uttarakhand.
• The source of this river, the Pindar glacier is located at an altitude of 3,820 m (12,530 ft).
• The length of the Pindar river is 105 km.
• The mouth of the Pindar river is located at Karnaprayag where it ends by its confluence with the Alaknanda River.
• The river crosses some small villages like Bagholi, Naryanbagar, Nauligaon, Kulsari and Nauti.
• Bhagirathi: 
• Bhagirathi is considered the source stream of the Ganges.
• The source Bhagirathi River is at Gaumukh at the foot of the Gangotri glacier.
• The Bhagirathi and Alaknanda join at Devprayag in Garhwal and are thereafter known as the Ganges.
• Tons:
• The Tons river is a tributary of the Yamuna and flows through the Garhwal region in Uttarakhand, touching Himachal Pradesh.
• The source of this river is Bandarpuch Mountain.
• Its source lies in the 20,722 feet (6,316 m).
• Pabbar and Asan rivers are some of the tributaries of the Tons river.
• Sharda River:
• The Sharda River also called the Kali river and Mahakali River originates at Kalapani in the Himalayas.
• It originates from an elevation of 3,600 m (11,800 ft) in the Pithoragarh district in Uttarakhand.
• It joins the Ghaghra River which is a tributary of the Ganga.
• It takes the name Kali River from the union of the two streams at Gunji as it flows through the hills.
• After crossing Brahmadev Mandi near Tanakpur, it enters the Terai plains, where it is called the Sharda River.

The correct answer is Manipur.

Key Points

• Lai Haraoba is a ritualistic festival of the Meiteis observed in Manipur since ancient times.
• The term 'Lai Haraoba' can be translated as 'merry-making of the Gods'.
• It's a festival that enacts the creation myth and mirrors the rich culture of Manipur.
• It is associated with the worship of traditional deities and ancestors, attracting large gatherings when celebrated, especially during April/May.
• Significant differences have been noted in the observance of this festival across various regions of the state.

Additional Information

• Uttarakhand: A state known for hosting a variety of festivals tied to its diverse cultures and religions. These include the International Yoga Festival in Rishikesh, Basant Panchami in Kumaon, and the Nanda Devi Fair.
• Uttar Pradesh: Famed for cultural and religious festivals such as Diwali, Holi, Eid, Christmas, Maha Shivaratri, Rama Navami etc. One of the famous festivals of Uttar Pradesh is "Taj Mahotsav" celebrated in Agra.
• Himachal Pradesh: The state is known for its unique festivals like the Kullu Dussehra, an annual festival celebrated in the Kullu valley with grand processions and events over seven days, and Chaitraul, a festival which heralds the new year in the state.
• Manipur: Besides the Lai Haraoba festival, this northeastern state celebrates a range of other festivals. Yaoshang (a form of Holi), Ningol Chakouba (a festival to strengthen bonds between married women and their parental families), and Kut (a post-harvest festival of the Kuki-Chin-Mizo groups) are some of the notable ones.

The Indian Constitution contains 448 articles (originally 395 articles were there). The Legislatures, Executive, Schedules, Parts of the Indian Constitution, Constitutional Bodies, Statutory Bodies, Fundamental Rights, and more are all included in each set of articles. 

Important Points

Article 156 of the Indian Constitution of 1949. Governor's term of office

• The Governor is appointed by the President and serves at his discretion.
• The Governor may quit his post by writing to the President under his hand.
• A Governor shall serve for a period of five years from the date he takes office.
• Provided, however, that a Governor shall continue to maintain office until his successor takes office, notwithstanding the expiry of his term.

Additional Information

• Article 162: According to Article 162, the State executive's powers extend to all topics over which the State has the capacity or authority to legislate/make laws, and are thus not limited to those matters over which the States have previously legislated.
• Article 160: In specific circumstances, the Governor's powers are discharged. In any scenario, the President may make such provisions as he sees proper for the discharge of the responsibilities of the Governor of a State.
• Article 148: India's Comptroller and Auditor General. The President shall appoint a Comptroller and Auditor General of India by warrant under his hand and seal, and the Comptroller and Auditor General of India shall only be removed from office in the same manner and on the same grounds as a Supreme Court Judge.

​Hence, article 156 of the Indian constitution is related to the term of office of Governor

The correct answer is Article 76.

Key Points

• Attorney-General of India
• In India Attorney-General (AG) is the chief legal advisor of the Indian government's.
• The President of India appoints the AG on the advice of Union Cabinet  under Article 76 of the Constitution of India, 1950.
• The Attorney-General have an advisory role to counsel the government of India in the legal matters and their positions are hold as per the President's pleasure. This indicates that there is no specific tenure, and that they serve until the President appoints their removal.
• In addition to serving as the government's primary legal counsel, the AG of India should also appears in the Supreme Court on behalf of the government.
• In India, there have been 16 AGs since 1950. R Venkatramaniis the current attorney general of India. In 2023, President Draupadi Murmu appointed him..

Additional Information 

• The Attorney-General of India is also a first law officer of the country.
• Motilal Chimanlal Setalvad was appointed as the first attorney-general of India. His tenure as attorney general from 1950 to 1963 is still the longest tenure served by any attorney-general.
• The AGs has the right of audience to appear in all Indian Court's and to take part in the Parliamentary sessions, but not to vote.
• The Attorney General of India lacks executive authority, in contrast to the Attorney General of the United States. The Law Minister of India is the in charge of certain duties.

The correct answer is ​Aishwary Pratap Singh Tomar.

In News

• Aishwary Pratap Singh Tomar achieved the remarkable feat of winning two gold medals at the FISU World University Games 2023.

Key Points

• Aishwary Pratap Singh Tomar achieved a notable feat by winning two gold medals at the FISU World University Games 2023.
• Tomar was born on 3 February 2001 in Ratanpur village, Khargone district, Madhya Pradesh,
• He secured victory in the men’s 50m rifle 3 positions event and continued his exceptional form by claiming the top spot in the men’s 10m air rifle team event.
• In the latter, Aishwary scored an impressive total of 252.6 points, outperforming his fellow Olympian Divyansh Singh Panwar, who settled for the silver medal.
• The Indian trio, including Aishwary, Divyansh, and Arjun Babuta, showcased remarkable team spirit in the men’s 10m air rifle team event, earning a gold medal with a combined score of 1894.7 points.
• India's overall medal tally at the FISU World University Games 2023 stands at an impressive 17 medals – nine gold, three silver, and five bronze, securing the fourth position on the medals table.

The correct answer is Mahatma Gandhi.

Key Points

• Wardha's scheme of basic education was introduced in 1937 on the thinkings of Mahatma Gandhi. It was also known as Nai Talim/ Buniyadi Talim.
• To discuss the ideas of the new education scheme the India Education conference was held at Wardha.
• Dr. Zakir Hussain was appointed the head of the committee established to formulate the scheme of basic education in India.
• After independence, this idea of education failed to create a permanent impact on the education system.

The correct answer is 943.

Key Points

• The sex ratio is defined as the ratio of women per thousand males.
• According to the population census of 2011, the sex ratio of India is 943 females per thousand males.
• Census 2011 is indeed an upward trend as in census 2003 it was 933 females per thousand males.

Important Points

• Source - censusindia.gov.in
• 2011 Census Data.

The correct answer is option 2 i.e., prehistoric rock shelters

• Bhimbetka, a world heritage site, in the Raisen district of the state of Madhya Pradesh is known for its prehistoric rock shelters.
• It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site that consists of seven hills and over 10 km. It was designated so in the year 2003.
• Most of the credit to discover the caves goes to Shri V.S. Vakankar.
• The Bhimbetka site consists of the following :
• Paleolithic evidence from excavations with shelters indicating the antiquity of human settlement.
• Stone and Iron Age walls and floors within the rock shelters.
• 400 painted rock-shelters in five clusters.
• Forest areas around the rock paintings.
• Most paintings are from the Mesolithic era.

Additional Information

• Dr Vishnu Wakankar visited the area with a team of archaeologists and reported several prehistoric rock shelters.
• The pre­-historic caves of Bhimbetka was discovered in 1957.
• It was first noticed by archaeologist Dr Vishnu Wakankar from the train window on his way to Nagpur.
• It was similar to the rocks that he had previously studied in France and Spain.
• One of the largest prehistoric complexes.
• It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site in India.
• Bhimbetka cave covers the prehistoric, Paleolithic, and Mesolithic periods, as well as the historic period.

The correct answer is ​Nina Singh.

The question is PYP of DSSSB JJA,3/3/2024.

In News

• Rajwinder Singh Bhatti is the current Director General of the Central Industrial Security Force (CISF). He was appointed on August 28, 2024.

Key Points

• Nina Singh was appointed Director General of CISF, making her the first woman to head this elite force.
• Nina Singh, a 1989-batch IPS officer of the Rajasthan cadre, has served in various important assignments in the state.
• She has worked in the CISF since 2021 and held positions such as ADG, Special DG, and DG in-charge.
• Nina Singh's appointment is effective until her July 31, 2024 superannuation.
• Anish Dayal Singh has been appointed as the Director General of the CRPF.

The correct answer is 618 females per 1000 males.

Key Points

• The sex Ratio in Daman and Diu is 618 i.e. for every 1000 males, which is beneath national average of 940 as per poll 2011. In 2001, the sex ratio of females was 710 per 1000 males in Daman and Diu.
• As per the Aadhar Statistics the Daman And Diu population in 2021/2022 is 220,084 (0.22 Million) as a contrast to the last poll in 2011 is 242,911.

• For above 450 years, the coastal backyard of Daman (Portuguese: Damão) and Diu on the Arabian Sea coast were part of Portuguese India.

Additional Information

• In 2020, the sex ratio of the entire citizens in India is 108.18 males per 100 females.
• A sex ratio of 100 means there are equal numbers of females and males. Qatar has the highest sex ratio.
• The lowest female-to-male ratio was set down between Russians between zero and four years old, counting at 944 girls per one thousand boys.

The correct answer is Amrit Bharat Express. 

In News

• PM Modi to inaugurate ‘Amrit Bharat Express’ on Dec 30.

Key Points

• The Prime Minister informed about the new train series ‘Amrit Bharat’ trains after Vande Bharat and Namo Bharat and expressed delight that the first Amrit Bharat train is going through Ayodhya.
• The Prime Minister flagged off two new Amrit Bharat trains viz Darbhanga-Ayodhya-Anand Vihar Terminal Amrit Bharat Express and Malda Town-Sir M. Visvesvaraya Terminus (Bengaluru) Amrit Bharat Express.
• This train uniquely comprises exclusively second-class and sleeper-class compartments to cater to the various travel needs.

Additional Information

• The Railway Board has issued specifications regarding the fare structure for this train, which varies based on the distance traveled.
• A defining feature of the Amrit Bharat Express is its higher ticket prices compared to other mail or express trains, by roughly 15 - 17%.
• Despite the price difference, the Amrit Bharat Express offers a new dimension to the Indian railway system and its high-speed train service.

The correct answer is Article 165.

Key Points

• The Advocate General is a constitutional post in India, created by the Constitution of India under Article 165.
• The Advocate General is appointed by the Governor of the State and holds office during the pleasure of the Governor.
• The Advocate General is the highest law officer in the state and is responsible for providing legal advice to the government of the state.
• The Advocate General can appear in any court of law within the state and can also participate in the proceedings of the state legislature.

Additional Information

• Article 170 deals with the composition of the Legislative Assembly of a State.
• It specifies the number of seats that should be reserved for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes in the Assembly.
• Article 160 deals with the appointment of the Governor of a State.
• It specifies the eligibility criteria and the process for the appointment of the Governor.
• Article 175 deals with the Oath or Affirmation by the Governor.
• It specifies the form of oath or affirmation that the Governor has to take before entering upon his/her office.

The correct answer is a​nimal cells differ from plants cells in having an additional layer around the cell membrane termed cell wall.

Key Points

• Plant cell needs cell wall whereas animal cell do not because the plants need a rigid structure so that they can grow up and out.
• This is why plant cells have an additional cell wall outside of the cell membrane.

Animal Cell:                                                                                       Plant Cell:

Additional Information

• A nucleus, as related to genomics, is the membrane-enclosed organelle within a cell that contains the chromosomes.
• An array of holes, or pores, in the nuclear membrane, allows for the selective passage of certain molecules into and out of the nucleus.
• In 1665, Robert Hooke was the first to observe cork cells and their characteristic hexagonal shape.
• Robert Hooke used the first optical microscope, which was invented by him at that time.
• Plastids are double-membrane organelles which are found in the cells of plants and algae.
• Plastids are responsible for manufacturing and storing of food and often contain pigments.