DSSSB JJA: Memory Based Paper (Held on: 3rd March) (Previous Year Paper)

The correct answer is 'weak'.

Key Points

• ​​​The word ‘infirm’(adjective) means- "physically or mentally weak, esp. because of old age or illness". (शारीरिक या मानसिक रूप से कमजोर, विशेष रूप से बुढ़ापे या बीमारी के कारण)
• E.g: He was over eighty years of age, infirm, and totally blind.
• ​Let’s have a look at the meaning of the words that are given in the options:
• implicit(adjective)- “not expressed in a direct way but understood by the people involved”. (जो स्‍पष्‍ट रूप से नहीं कहा गया परंतु संबंधित लोगों ने समझ ल���या; अंतर्निहित, विवक्षित)
• weak(adjective)- “used about the body having little strength or energy; not strong”. (शरीर दुर्बल, कमज़ोर, निर्बल; अशक्त)
• obdurate(adjective)- “refusing to change your mind to do what people want you to do”. (लोगों की इच्छानुसार अपना विचार बदलने से मना करना; हठधर्मी, ज़िद्दी)
• profligate(adjective)- “wasting money, time, etc. or using it in a careless way”. (समय, धन आदि का व्यय या उनका बेपरवाही से प्रयोग करनेवाला; अपव्ययी; फ़िज़ूलख़र्च)
• Therefore, as per the points mentioned above, we find that ‘weak’ is the correct synonym of the given bold word.

Additional Information

• The synonyms of the given word 'infirm' are-  'weak', 'frail', 'feeble', 'sick', 'ill', etc.
• The antonyms of the given word 'infirm' are- 'healthy', 'strong', 'firm', 'robust', etc.
• Example of 'infirm' in a sentence: 
• She's old and infirm and has to keep to the house.

The correct answer is 'Supercede'. 

Key Points

• The correct spelling is Supersede.
• The word 'supersede' means 'to take the place or position of; to force out of use as inferior'.
• It is a verb. 
• Example: Smartphones have completely superseded telephones now.
• Synonyms: Replace, Displace, Overthrow, Override
• So, the correct spelling is 'supersede'.

Correct Spelling of Wrongly spelt word: Supersede

Additional Information

The correct answer is option 2, "Something that costs a lot of money but has no useful purpose."

Key Points

• The idiom "white elephant" refers to something that is expensive but useless or burdensome.
• It comes from a tradition in some cultures of giving rare and valuable white elephants as gifts, which were difficult and costly to care for.
• Example: "My grandfather's antique car collection is a white elephant because it costs so much to maintain and we never use them."

Additional Information

• Origin of this idiom: 
• The origin of the idiom "white elephant" dates back to ancient Southeast Asia, particularly to regions like Thailand, Myanmar, Laos, and Cambodia. In these areas, white elephants were considered sacred and held great significance.
• White elephants were extremely rare, and their appearance was seen as a symbol of prestige and divine favor. They were often owned by monarchs and were considered sacred, embodying power, wealth, and prosperity. However, due to their sacred status, they couldn't be used for regular work or practical purposes.
• Owning a white elephant became an expensive affair as it required specific care, attention, and resources without offering any practical benefits. It was an honor to possess one, but maintaining it could become a financial burden. Moreover, giving away or disposing of a gift as esteemed as a white elephant was considered disrespectful.
• This idea evolved into the modern idiom "white elephant," which refers to something rare or prestigious that is costly to maintain or has little practical use. It denotes an object or property that is expensive and challenging to maintain but offers little or no value or benefit in return.
• Over time, the term "white elephant" transitioned from its literal meaning as a sacred and rare animal to a metaphorical expression used to describe expensive or burdensome possessions or projects.

The correct answer is 'Optimist'.

Key Points

• A person who looks at the brighter side of things is known as an "Optimist". (आशावादी)
• Example: Despite the challenges, he remained an optimist, always believing that situations would improve.
• ​Hence, the correct answer is Optimist.

Therefore, the correct answer is “Option 1”.

Additional Information

• Optimistic: This is an adjective describing a feeling or belief that good things will happen in the future. (आशावादी)
• Pessimist: A person who tends to see the worst aspect of things or believe that the worst will happen. (निराशावादी)
• Pessimistic: This is an adjective describing a tendency to expect the worst. (निराशावादी)

The correct answer is 'quadrent'.

Key Points

• The given word 'quadrent' is misspelled.
• The correct spelling is 'quadrant'.
• A quadrant is one of the four sections into which the coordinate plane is divided by the x-axis and y-axis. (वृत्त का चतुर्थ भाग)​
• Example: In navigation, the captain instructed to change course towards the northeast quadrant of the storm.
• Hence, the incorrect spelling is quadrent.

Therefore, the correct answer is "Option 3".

Additional Information

• Quadrangle: This term refers to a four-sided plane figure, especially a square or rectangle. (चतुर्भुज)
• Example: The university's quadrangle is a favourite spot for students to gather and study outdoors.
• Quadruple: This means to make four times as much or as many of something. (चौगुना)
• Example: Her investment in the tech company quadrupled within a year.
• Quarter: This refers to one-fourth of something, or to divide something into four equal parts. (चौथाई)
• Example: Each quarter of the city has its own unique cultural flavours and sights.

The correct answer is 'Clendestine'.

Key Points

• The given word "Clendestine" is incorrectly spelled.
• The correct spelling is Clandestine, which refers to something that is kept secret or done secretively, especially because it is illicit. (गुप्त).
• Example: The group held a clandestine meeting in an undisclosed location to avoid the attention of the police.
• Hence, the correct spelling is "Clandestine."

Therefore, the correct answer is “Option 1”.

Additional Information

• Reproach: This means to express disapproval or disappointment. (निंदा).
• For example, the mother reproached her son for not calling her.
• Harass: This refers to subjecting someone to aggressive pressure or intimidation. (तंग करना).
• For example, the new policies are designed to protect employees from being harassed at work.
• Accord: This means to give or grant someone (power, status, or recognition). (समझौता).
• For example, the two countries signed a peace accord, ending years of conflict.

The correct answer is: Bankrupt

Key Points

• Bankrupt means a person or organization declared in law as unable to pay their debts.
• Example - *His father went bankrupt and the family had to sell their home.*​
• ​So, it is clear that the 'Bankrupt' can be used as a one-word substitute for 'unable to pay his debts.'

Therefore, the correct answer is option 4.

Additional Information

• Destitute means extremely poor and lacking the means to provide for oneself.
• Meticulous means showing great attention to detail; very careful and precise.
• Reckless means to be marked by a lack of proper caution.

The correct answer is 'Audible'. 

Key Points

• The most appropriate one-word for the given group of words is 'Audible'.

• Let's look at the meaning and examples of the words given in the options: 

• | Legible | Legible writing or print can be read easily | Her handwriting is barely legible. | | --- | --- | --- | | Edible | suitable or safe for eating | Only the leaves of the plant are edible. | | Tangible | real and not imaginary; able to be shown, touched, or experienced | We need tangible evidence if we're going to take legal action. | | Audible | able to be heard | The lecturer spoke so quietly that he was scarcely audible at the back of the hall. |

• Hence, by reading the above explanation we find that the correct answer is Option 4.

The correct answer is option 4), i.e., "Neccessary."

Key Points 

• The incorrectly spelt word is "Neccessary". Its correct spelling is 'Necessary.'
• 'Necessary' means 'needed in order to achieve a particular result.' (एक विशेष परिणाम प्राप्त करने के लिए आवश्यक)
• Example:
• Give the necessary information but keep it simple.
• Therefore, 'Neccessary' is incorrectly spelt among the given options.
• Hence, option 4 is the correct answer.

​

Additional Information  

• Let's know the meaning of the other options:

The correct answer is 'Aristocracy'.

Key Points

• The word 'Aristocracy' means 'a state in which governing power is held by the nobility.'
• It means that an aristocracy is a form of government in which power is held by the people who hold high social rank.
• Examples, 
• The richest people in our town are considered to be the town aristocracy.
• Most countries are no longer ruled by the aristocracy but by the elected officials.
• Therefore, option 2 is the correct answer.

Additional Information

• Let's learn the meanings of other words given in the options:
• Monarchy: a form of government with a monarch at the head.
• Republic: a group with a certain equality between its members.
• Autocracy: a system of government by one person with absolute power.

The correct answer is -'Shrewd'

Key Points

• The word "astute" means having or showing an ability to accurately assess situations or people and turn this to one's advantage, or being clever or intelligent. (स्थितियों या लोगों का सही आकलन करने और इसे किसी के लाभ में बदलने या चतुर या बुद्धिमान होने की क्षमता होना या दिखाना।)
• An example sentence using "astute" is:
• "The astute businessman always knew the right time to invest in the stock market."
• The word "shrewd" means having or showing sharp powers of judgment, being astute or clever in practical matters, or having a keen sense of self-interest. (निर्णय की तेज शक्ति होना या दिखाना, व्यावहारिक मामलों में चतुर या चतुर होना, या स्वार्थ की गहरी भावना होना।)
• For example, you might say "The shrewd investor always knew when to buy and sell stocks to make a profit." In this context, "shrewd" refers to the investor's ability to make wise decisions based on their judgment and understanding of the market.
• Option 2 ("dull") is not correct, as it means lacking in brightness or excitement, or being slow-witted or boring. An example sentence using "dull" is: "The dull movie put me to sleep."
• Option 3 ("impolite") is not correct, as it means lacking in politeness or good manners. An example sentence using "impolite" is: "It would be impolite to interrupt someone while they're speaking."
• Option 4 ("crude") is not correct, as it means lacking in sophistication or being rough or rudimentary. An example sentence using "crude" is: "The artist's early sketches were crude and lacked detail."
• In summary, "astute" means clever or intelligent, while the other options have different meanings such as lacking brightness (dull), lacking politeness (impolite), or lacking sophistication (crude).
• Thus, the correct answer is Option 1.

The correct answer is Risky situation.

Key Points

• On thin ice is an idiom that means in a precarious or risky situation (एक अनिश्चित या जोखिम भरी स्थिति में​).
• Let's look at this example to understand this idiom:
• Legally, the company is on very thin ice with its actions.
• Here, this sentence implies that the company is at severe risk because of its actions.

Hence, the correct choice is option 2.

Additional Information 

• This idiom On thin ice was first used figuratively by Ralph Waldo Emerson in his essay Prudence (1841): “In skating over thin ice our safety is in our speed.”

The correct answer is "In good and bad times".

Key Points 

• Let's look at the meaning of the given word.
• Through thick and thin means "through difficult times and situations (सुख-दुख में, मुसीबतों में)".
• ​Example: His wife Nisha stuck faithfully to him through thick and thin.
• From the above lines, we can say that "In good and bad times" is the correct meaning of the given word.

​​​​​​Hence, option 1 is the correct answer.

Here the correct answer is Bankrupcy.

Key Points    

• Let us explore the options:-
• 'Ascetic' means characterized by severe self-discipline and abstention from all forms of indulgence, typically for religious reasons.
• ​'Bankrupcy': There is no such word in English or we can say that there is some spelling mistake in this word.
• The correct spelling is 'Bankruptcy' and it means the state of being bankrupt.
• ​​'Banquet' means an elaborate and formal meal for many people.
• 'Barrier' means a fence or other obstacle that prevents movement or access.

Hence, the wrongly spelt word is Bankrupcy.

Additional Information​

• Example of 'Bankruptcy' in a sentence:-

• Many companies were facing bankruptcy.

• आइए हम विकल्पों का पता लगाएं : -

• 'Ascetic’ का अर्थ है भोग के सभी रूपों से गंभीर आत्म-अनुशासन और संयम की विशेषता, आमतौर पर धार्मिक कारणों से।

• 'Bankrupcy': वहाँ अंग्रेजी में कोई ऐसा शब्द है या हम कह सकते हैं इस शब्द में कुछ वर्तनी की गलती नहीं है।

• सही वर्तनी 'Bankruptcy' है और इसका अर्थ है दिवालिया होने की स्थिति।

• 'Banquet' कई लोगों के लिए एक व्यापक और औपचारिक भोजन का मतलब है।

• 'Barrier' का मत��ब एक बाड़ या अन्य बाधा है जो आंदोलन या पहुंच को रोकता है।

इसलिए, गलत तरीके से लिखा गया शब्द Bankrupcy है।

Here the correct answer is Athiest.

Key Points:-

• Let's look at the meaning of the correct answer:-
• Athiest*(noun)* - a person who does not believe in God. (एक व्यक्ति जो भगवान में विश्वास नहीं करता है)
• For Example - He is a committed atheist.
• Thus, the correct answer is Option 2.

Therefore, the correct one word for the given descriptive sentence/words is Athiest**​​.

Additional Information

• Let's look at the meaning of the other options:-

The correct answer is: Uncertain or undecided situation

Key Points

• The idiom "up in the air" is used to describe a situation that is uncertain, unresolved, or not yet decided. (ऐसी स्थिति जो अनिश्चित, अनसुलझी या अभी तक तय न हुई हो)
• It suggests that something is still pending or undetermined, often causing a sense of ambiguity or unpredictability.
• Example: The date for the project presentation is still up in the air as we await confirmation from the client.

Therefore, the correct answer is option 1.

The correct answer is option 1 i.e. 'Teetotaller'.

Key Points

• Teetotaller (पूर्ण शराबबंदी) - a person who abstains from drinking alcoholic drinks.
• Example- My grandfather was a teetotaller.

Therefore, the correct answer is option 1.

Additional Information

• Teatotaller - Incorrect spelling
• Teetotaaler - Incorrect spelling
• Teetottaler - Incorrect spelling

The correct answer is "To be neat and clean". 

Key Points

• "Spick and span" is an idiom used to describe something that is very clean and tidy.
• One may often hear this phrase used to describe a house or room that has been thoroughly cleaned and tidied. 
• Example- Their house is always spick and span.

Hence, the correct answer is ‘Option 3’.

The correct answer is: A different social class or economic status often implies a significant barrier or separation

Key Points

• The idiom "yonder side of the tracks" often implies a division between different socioeconomic or cultural groups, with the "yonder side" referring to an area that is perceived as being less affluent or prestigious. (एक अलग सामाजिक वर्ग या आर्थिक स्थिति अक्सर एक महत्वपूर्ण बाधा या अलगाव का संकेत देती है)
• It can be used to describe a distinction between privileged and less privileged neighbourhoods or communities.
• Example: She came from the yonder side of the tracks, but she worked hard to achieve her dreams.

Therefore, the correct answer is option 1.

Explanation:

• 'Bureaucracy' means a system of administration by elected representatives.
• ‘Democracy’ means control of an organization or group by the majority of its members.
• ‘Aristocracy’ means a form of government in which power is held by the nobility.
• ‘Oligarchy’ means a small group of people having control of a country or organization.

Thus, the correct answer is Option 1) i.e. Bureaucracy

The correct answer is "Indifferent".

Key Points

• Let's analyze each option:
• "Indifferent" refers to having no particular interest or sympathy; unconcerned. This indeed can serve as an opposite to being eager.
• For instance, "Although he was offered to participate in the competition, he felt indifferent towards it."
• "Sharp" can mean a variety of things such as someone who's mentally quick or an object's ability to cut easily. However, it doesn't have an opposite meaning to "eager."
• For example, "The sharp knife easily cut through the bread."
• "Great" generally means of an extent, amount, or intensity considerably above average. This has no direct relation to or conversely opposite meaning of "eager."
• For example, "She made a great contribution to the development of the city."
• "Greedy" refers to an intense and selfish desire for something, especially wealth, power, or food. While it might seem like a person being greedy could be considered eager, it is not exactly an opposite.
• For example, "His greed for power led to his downfall."
• Hence, the best antonym for "eager" among the provided options is option 1, "Indifferent." Someone who is "eager" is enthusiastic and has a strong desire or interest, while someone who is "indifferent" shows a lack of interest or concern.

Therefore, the correct answer is "Option 1".

The correct answer is 'Superlative Degree'.

Key Points

• Let's discuss the marked option first:
• Superlative adjectives are used to compare three or more nouns. They're also used to compare one thing against the rest of a group and demonstrate a higher level of comparison between entities.
• Ex**:** Tom Hanks is the most versatile actor in the world.
• Ex**:** Alfred Hitchcock's Vertigo is considered one of the best mystery movies ever produced.
• The question sentence selects the Civil Services Examination out of the examinations in the world using the superlative degree 'toughest'.
• 'Toughest' is superlative form of adjective 'Tough' which means 'difficult to do or to deal with'.

​Hence, the correct answer is option 3).

Additional Information

• Positive Degree is the primary form of an adjective and it is used to denote any simple quality of a noun or pronoun without any comparison, or relation to increase or diminution. 
• Example: Tom Cruise is a great stuntman.
• Comparative degree is used when we compare two persons or things with each other, or when we select a person or a thing out of the given two options.
• Ex: I am smarter than you. (Comparison)
• Ex: Out of these two, which one is the more appropriate? (Selection)

The correct answer is 'superlative degree'.

Key Points

• Superlative adjectives are used to compare three or more nouns. They're also used to compare one thing against the rest of a group and demonstrate a higher level of comparison between entities.
• Ex: Tom Hanks is the most versatile actor in the world.
• Ex: Alfred Hitchcock's Vertigo is considered one of the best mystery movies ever produced.
• The question sentence is talking about some topic which became an important issue in India. It further selects this topic out of some highly controversial topics using the superlative degree 'most'.

​

Hence, the correct answer is option 3).

Additional Information

• Positive Degree is the primary form of an adjective and it is used to denote any simple quality of a noun or pronoun without any comparison, or relation to increase or diminution. 
• Example: Tom Cruise is a great stuntman.
• Comparative degree is used when we compare two persons or things with each other, or when we select a person or a thing out of the given two options.
• Ex: I am smarter than you. (Comparison)
• Ex: Out of these two, which one is the more appropriate? (Selection)

The correct answer is option 4), i.e., 'Loss.'

Key Points

• Let's look at the meanings of the given word and marked option:
• Acquisition- the act of obtaining something, especially knowledge, assets, or a skill. (अर्जन, अभिग्रहण, प्रप्ति, लाभ, कमाई)
• Loss- the fact or process of losing something or someone. (नुकसान, क्षति, हार जाना)
• ​Let's look at the meanings of the other given options:​
• Enthusiasm- intense and eager enjoyment, interest, or approval. (उत्साह)
• Demoralised- having lost confidence or hope; disheartened. (हतोत्साहित)
• Surprised- feeling or showing mild or amazed astonishment. (आश्चर्य, ताज्जुब)
• The context of the sentence is that the head coach was surprised to see the level of enthusiasm shown by the players in the game. The players were demoralized after their first loss, but they worked hard and showed great enthusiasm during the game.
• Hence from the given meanings, we find that 'Acquisition' and 'Loss' are antonyms.
• So, the correct answer is option 4.

The correct answer is 'liberate'.

Key Points

• The meaning of the word 'restrain' is "to stop somebody/something from doing something, especially by using physical force".
• E.g. The prisoner had to be restrained by the police.
• The meaning of the word 'liberate' is "to free a country or a person from the control of somebody else".
• E.g. They were eventually liberated from British rule after a long struggle.
• From the meaning and example that are given above, it is clear that 'liberate' is the correct antonym of the given word.

Let's know the meanings of other words-

The correct answer is 'Superlative Degree'.

Key Points

• There are three degrees of adjectives as described below:

• 'Highest' is the superlative form of 'High', which means 'greater than the usual level or amount'.

Therefore, the correct answer is option 2).

Additional Information

• To get the comparative and superlative degree of one-syllable adjectives, '-er' and '-est' are suffixed respectively to a positive degree.

• To get the comparative and superlative degree of two-syllable adjectives, more and most are added respectively before the positive degree.

The correct answer is 'Warning'.

Key Points

• Caveat- a warning or proviso of specific stipulations, conditions, or limitations.(विशिष्ट शर्तों, शर्तों, या सीमाओं की चेतावनी या परंतुक)
• For example- I've given it to them, but with the caveat that it didn't work.
• Warning- something that tells you to be careful or tells you about something, usually something bad, before it happens.(कुछ ऐसा जो आपको सावधान रहने के लिए कहता है या आपको कुछ के बारे में बताता है, आमतौर पर कुछ बुरा होने से पहले) 
• For example- She gave me a warning about the difficulties of the job.
• As we can see, the meaning of 'Caveat' is similar to that of 'Warning'.
• Therefore, the correct answer is - 'Warning'.

Additional Information

• Dispute- a disagreement or argument between two people, groups or countries.(दो लोगों, समूहों या देशों के बीच असहमति या तर्क)
• Challenge- something new and difficult that forces you to make a lot of effort.(कुछ नया और कठिन जो आपको बहुत अधिक प्रयास करने के लिए मजबूर करता है)
• Advice- an opinion that you give somebody about what he/she should do.(एक राय जो आप किसी को देते हैं कि उसे क्या करना चाहिए)

The correct answer is 'comparative degree'.

• There are three degrees of adjectives as described below:

• The speaker identifies his visit to cooch Behar as an action more intense than his criticizing words. Thus, it is clear that a comparison has been made here using the comparative degree 'louder' (loud + er).

Therefore, the correct answer is option 3).

Additional Information

To get the comparative and superlative degree of **one-**syllable adjectives, '-er' and '-est' are suffixed respectively to a positive degree.

To get the comparative and superlative degree of two-syllable adjectives, more and most are added respectively before the positive degree.

The correct answer is 'Flamboyant.'

Key Points

• Ostentatious refers to a display that is showy, pretentious, or designed to impress. It is often characterized by an unnecessary display of wealth or elegance. (दिखावटी, प्रदर्शनपूर्ण, या प्रभावित करने के लिए डिज़ाइन किया गया। इसमें अक्सर धन या भव्यता का अनावश्यक प्रदर्शन होता है।)
• Example Sentence for Ostentatious: Her ostentatious lifestyle was a matter of gossip in their small town.
• Flamboyant means strikingly bold or showy, often associated with confidence, style and an inclination to attract attention. (बेहद बहादुर या दिखावटी, जिससे आत्मविश्वास, शैली और ध्यान आकर्षित करने की प्रवृत्ति जुड़ी है।)
• Example Sentence for Flamboyant: His flamboyant dressing sense always made him stand out in a crowd.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 1.

Additional Information

• Subdued: (used about a person) quieter and with less energy than usual. ((व्‍यक्ति) अभिभूत; शांत तथा सामान्‍य से कम ऊर्जा सहित।)
• Restrained: Characterized by reserve or moderation; unemotional or dispassionate. (शांत, भावहीन।)
• Appropriate: Suitable or proper in the circumstances. (परिस्थितियों में उपयुक्त या उचित।)

The correct answer is "Risky."

Key Points

• The word "Dangerous" means likely to cause injury or damage. (ख़तरनाक, भयंकर)
• Example: The men are armed and dangerous.
• The synonym of "dangerous" is "risky."
• The word "Risky" means involving the possibility of something bad happening; dangerous. (जोखिम की संभावना वाला, जोखिम भरा; ख़तरनाक)
• Example: We shouldn't go there. It's too risky.
• Therefore, the​ correct answer is Option 1.

Additional Information   

• Beneficial: having a good or useful effect. (लाभकारी, हितकर, फ़ायदेमंद)
• Safe: free from danger; not able to be hurt. (जिसे कोई ख़तरा न हो, जिसे क्षति न पहुँचाई जा सके; सुरक्षित)
• Released: to allow somebody/something to be free. (व्‍यक्ति या वस्‍तु को (किसी से या कहीं से) मुक्त करना, जाने देना)

The segment that contains the grammatical error is: boxes have.

Key Points

• The error in the sentence is a subject-verb agreement issue. The phrase "One of these boxes" is the subject of the sentence, and the verb should agree with the singular noun "one" rather than the plural noun "boxes."
• The corrected verb form should be singular to match the singular subject "One of these boxes." Therefore, the correct form of the verb should be "has" instead of "have."
• The corrected sentence should be: "One of these boxes has the portrait of the heiress."
• This correction ensures subject-verb agreement by using the singular form of the verb "has" to match the singular subject "One of these boxes."

The correct answer is 'meagre'.

Key Points

• Ample means generous or more than adequate in size, scope.
• Example: She had saved ample money for the Florida trip.
• The marked option 'meagre' means too small in amount.
• Therefore, from the above meaning of the marked option and the meaning of the given word 'ample' , we are clear that they are antonyms of each other.
• Thus, the correct answer is option 4.

The correct answer is 'B' .

Key Points

• When a group is considered as a single unit, a singular verb is used.
• Here, 'team' is considered a single unit, so the verb should be 'has' instead of 'have'.
• Hence, the correct answer is option 2.

Correct sentence: The team of engineers has discovered a new way to reduce fuel consumption.

The correct answer is 'B' i.e. this part of the sentence has an error.

Key Points

• The phrase 'one of the players who' should be followed by a plural verb because 'who' refers to 'players', which is plural.
• Therefore, it should be 'have been' instead of 'has been'.
• Hence, the correct answer is option 2.

Correct sentence: She is one of the players who have been selected for the national team.

The correct answer is 'Harmful'.

Key Points

• Let's look into the meaning of the given word and the marked option:
• Innocuous: Completely harmless (= causing no harm).
• Example: Some mushrooms look innocuous but are in fact poisonous.
• Harmful: Causing harm.
• Example: This group of chemicals is known to be harmful to people with asthma.
• Hence from the given meanings, we can understand that 'Innocuous' and 'harmful' are antonymous words.

The correct answer is 'That no one is too small to make a difference'.

Key Points

• The correct answer is Option 2. That no one is too small to make a difference.
• The line from the passage supporting this is: "He proved that no one is too small to make a difference."
• Ramu's actions and dedication to preserving the environment conveyed a powerful message that every individual, regardless of age or stature, holds the capacity to create a positive impact.
• His efforts, initially as a young boy, inspired others in the village to join him in taking care of their surroundings.
• This showcases that every small action, when combined with others, contributes to a significant change, reinforcing the idea that no effort toward environmental conservation is too insignificant.

The correct answer is 'He cared deeply about the environment.'

Key Points

• The correct answer is Option 1. He cared deeply about the environment.
• The line from the passage supporting this is: "He was different from the other kids in the village, not because he was the fastest runner or the highest jumper, but because he cared deeply about the environment."
• This line explicitly states that Ramu's distinction among the other children wasn't due to physical abilities like running or jumping, but rather because of his profound concern and care for the environment.
• This sets him apart and defines his unique quality among the kids in his village.

The correct answer is 'He picked up the litter near the river every day after school.'

Key Points

• The correct answer is Option 4. He picked up the litter near the river every day after school.
• The line from the passage supporting this is: "He started by picking up the litter near the river every day after school."
• This line explicitly states that Ramu's first step in tackling the litter problem was taking personal action by picking up litter near the river on a daily basis after school. This proactive approach reflects his personal commitment to making a difference in his community's environment.

The correct answer is 'He approached the factory owners and suggested ways to reduce pollution.'

Key Points

• The correct answer is Option 2. He approached the factory owners and suggested ways to reduce pollution.
• The line from the passage supporting this is: "He approached the factory owners and told them about the harmful effects of the smoke on the environment."
• Ramu took a proactive approach by directly engaging with the factory owners to address the problem.
• He informed them about the environmental impact of the factory smoke and persistently suggested methods to reduce pollution. This demonstrates his initiative and dedication to finding solutions rather than resorting to other actions like protesting, boycotting products, or leaving the village.

The correct answer is 'Every small effort counts.'

Key Points

• Throughout the passage, Ramu demonstrates a belief in the power of individual actions towards environmental protection.
• His actions, starting with picking up litter near the river, engaging with villagers, and approaching factory owners, signify his belief that every small effort contributes to a larger positive change.
• Ramu's approach emphasizes the significance of collective small actions rather than relying solely on significant or grand gestures. This phrase aligns with Ramu's philosophy of making a difference through cumulative, smaller efforts in caring for the environment.

The correct answer is 'in'.

Key Points

• The given sentence is a yes/no question that enquires of the listener if Gautam is currently involved in writing a book on Bengali humor.
• The preposition 'in' comes after the verb 'engage' to convey the above intended meaning.
• For example, 'Radha is currently busily engaged in transforming her drawing-room.'
• N.B. 'engage with' is another verb preposition combination that bears different meaning: to make an effort to understand and deal with someone or something.
• For example, 'He was a very conservative teacher who would not engage with the students.'
• So, the preposition 'with' has to be replaced with 'in' in the given sentence.

The correct sentence is 'Is it true that Gautam is currently engaged in writing a book about Bengali humor?'

Additional Information Let's take a look at the use of the other given prepositions:

• 'with' can either mean accompanied by or possessing.
• For example, 'He always carries a bag with his him when he goes out*.*'
• 'of' expresses the relationship between a part and a whole.
• For example, 'The new book of class nine has some good meth problems*.*'
• 'for' means with the object or purpose of.
• For example, 'These people have come to the meeting only for refreshments; no one is slightly interested in it otherwise*.*'
• 'at' is used to express the location or arrival in a particular place or position; it can also be used before specific times.
• For example, 'At night, there will be lightworks.'

The correct answer is 'QSRP.'

Key Points

• While arranging the parts of the sentence given in options, we have to find some grammatical or contextual connections between them, so let’s find out.
• The sentence should start with the subject Q, "He's been."
• Q must be followed by S as it is providing an indirect object to the sentence with the help of the phrase "all the way from New Hampshire."
• S must be followed by R as it talks about "killing of two friends."
• R must be followed by P with the help of the phrase "where he killed."
• P must be the last part as it is providing a conclusion to the sentence by talking about "our friends."
• ​​Correct sentence: He's been stalking us all the way from New Hampshire where he killed two friends of ours.

Additional Information      

• Before rearranging parts of the sentence, it is very important to read them carefully.
• It is very important to analyse the use of a determiner and conjunction in such cases.
• This confusion can be eradicated by practising more and more questions of Sentence Jumbles.

Hinglish   

• विकल्पों में दिए गए वाक्य के भागों को व्यवस्थित करते समय हमें उनके बीच कुछ व्याकरणिक या प्रासंगिक संबंध खोजने होंगे, तो आइए जानें।
• वाक्य की शुरुआत subject Q से होनी चाहिए, "He's been"।
• Q के बाद S होना चाहिए क्योंकि यह phrase"all the way from New Hampshire" की मदद से वाक्य को एक अप्रत्यक्ष वस्तु प्रदान कर रहा है।
• S के बाद R होना चाहिए क्योंकि यह "killing of two friends" के बारे में बात करता है।
• "Where he killed" वाक्यांश की सहायता से R के बाद P आना चाहिए।
• P अंतिम भाग होना चाहिए क्योंकि यह "our friends" के बारे में बात करके वाक्य का निष्कर्ष प्रदान कर रहा है।

The correct answer is option ), i.e., 'by the wall.'

Key Points

• The error lies in Part (by the wall) of the sentence.
• As per instructions, the remaining portion of the sentence is correct.
• In the given sentence, the use of the preposition 'by' is incorrect.
• The preposition 'by' is used to show the person or thing that does something; used to show how something is done; near or at the side of; not later than; at or before.
• Example:
• The accident was caused by the careless driver.
• The preposition 'against' means in or into physical contact with something, so as to be supported by or collide with it.
• Example: 
• ​The car crashed against the wall.
• The preposition 'on' means physically in contact with and supported by a surface.
• Example:
• ​The book was on the table.
• The preposition 'over' is used to show above or higher than something else.
• Example:
• The bird flew over the trees.​
• Therefore, in the erroneous part, the use of 'by the wall' in the sentence should be replaced with 'against the wall' to make it grammatically correct.
• Therefore, the correct answer is Option 1.

Correct sentence: The ladder stood against the wall, making it easy for the thieves to enter the house.

The correct answer is "ADCB"

Key Points 

• It is given in the question that the first sentence is in the correct order:
• In June 1946 an aeroplane travelled from Rome to Paris, crossing over the Mediterranean Sea.
• The next sentence will be D because it describes that there was something strange thing about the flight
• There was nothing unusual about this flight except one thing: for 20 minutes of the plane’s journey,
• The next sentence will be C because it describes the strange thing about the flight
• one of its passengers became its pilot, the passenger was Dr Helen Keller,
• The last sentence will be B because it states the details about Helen Keller
• an American author, educator, and activist who since childhood had been both blind and deaf

Hence, the correct passage: A. In June 1946 an aeroplane travelled from Rome to Paris, crossing over the Mediterranean Sea. D. There was nothing unusual about this flight except one thing: for 20 minutes of the plane’s journey, C. one of its passengers became its pilot. The passenger was Dr. Helen Keller, B. an American author, educator, and activist who since childhood had been both blind and deaf.

The correct answer is 'QSRP.' 

Key Points

• While arranging the parts of the sentence given in options, we have to find some grammatical or contextual connections between them, so let’s find out.
• The sentence should start with the subject Q, It.
• Q must be followed by S as it is providing an indirect object to the sentence with the help of the phrase "she had done so​."
• S must be followed by R as it talks about "she had run across."
• P must be the last part as it is providing a conclusion to the sentence by talking about "some curtains and rugs."
• ​​Correct sentence: It wasn't the first time she had done so, but this morning she had run across some curtains and rugs in the attic.

Additional Information      

• Before rearranging parts of the sentence, it is very important to read them carefully.
• It is very important to analyse the use of a determiner and conjunction in such cases.
• This confusion can be eradicated by practising more and more questions of Sentence Jumbles.

Hinglish    

• विकल्पों में दिए गए वाक्य के भागों को व्यवस्थित करते समय हमें उनके बीच कुछ व्याकरणिक या प्रासंगिक संबंध खोजने होंगे, तो आइए जानें।
• वाक्य की शुरुआत subject Q से होनी चाहिए, It।
• Q के बाद S होना चाहिए क्योंकि यह phrase "she had done so​" की मदद से वाक्य को एक अप्रत्यक्ष वस्तु प्रदान कर रहा है।
• S के बाद R होना चाहिए क्योंकि यह "she had run across" के बारे में बात करता है।
• P अंतिम भाग होना चाहिए क्योंकि यह "some curtains and rugs" के बारे में बात करके वाक्य को निष्कर्ष प्रदान कर रहा है।

The correct answer is 'A few.'

Key Points

• In the given sentence, the noun 'students' is a plural countable noun.
• We can count 'students' so they can be called countable nouns.
• Let us explore the given options:
• The quantifier 'The few' means not many, but all of those.
• Example: He wants to spend the few days that are left to him in solitude and meditation.
• .The quantifier 'A few' means a small number of people or things; some but not many, enough. We use ''a few'' with plural countable nouns.
• Example: There are a few books in this library about geology.
• The quantifier 'None' means not any, not one (of a group of three or more).
• Example: They gave me a lot of information but none of it was very helpful.
• The quantifier 'Any' means one or some of a thing or a number of things, no matter how much or how many, and is used in negative and interrogative sentences.
• Example: I don't have any choice.

Hence, the correct answer is option 2.

Complete Sentence: A few students were seen jumping the school wall.

The correct answer is option 3), i.e., 'No improvement.'

Key Points

• There is no error in the sentence.
• The given sentence is an example of Passive Voice.
• Here, 'was considered' is rightly used.
• Because the structure of it is:
• Subject (Objective Case) + was/were + V3 + Object (Subjective Case).
• Therefore, the correct answer is Option 3.

Correct sentence: The boy was considered a talented footballer by the coach.

The correct answer is 'Older'.

 Key Points

• When comparing the ages of two individuals, the comparative form 'older' should be used.
• 'Oldest' and 'eldest' are superlative forms and are used when referring to more than two individuals.
• While 'elder' can be used for two people, it is typically used in more formal contexts, and its usage is more restricted (it cannot be used with 'than').
• Therefore, 'older' is the better choice to communicate that Anurag is one year more aged than Rohit.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 2

The correct answer is "right; knot."

Key Points

• In the given sentence, the first blank will indicate the correct way that has been taught to the subject's son.
• Thus, among the given options, the correct word to use in blank 1 is "right.
• Therefore, options, 2 and 4 are eliminated.
• "Right" means correct or proper.(सही)
• Example: You should learn the right way to behave.
• The second blank will imply tying something, in this case it is a "knot."
• Therefore, option 1 will also be eliminated.(गाँठ)
• "Knot" refers to a tangle or loop in a piece of rope or string.
• Example: I find it difficult to tie a knot.

Hence, the correct answer is option 3.

The correct answer is 'RSPQ.'

Key Points

• While arranging the parts of the sentence given in options, we have to find some grammatical or contextual connections between them, so let’s find out.
• In this sentence, we can see that there are different parts like Subject, indirect object, subject of subordinating clause and verb, indirect object and direct object.
• The sentence must start with R as it is providing an introduction to the context "Alex and Jonathan."
• R must be followed by S as it is providing an indirect object to the sentence with the help of the phrase "wanted to help decorate."
• S must be followed by P as it talks about "basic things."
• Q must be the last part as it is providing a conclusion to the sentence by talking about "that could be done."
• ​​Correct sentence: Alex and Jonathan wanted to help decorate, but there were some basic things that could be done.

Additional Information       

• Before rearranging parts of the sentence, it is very important to read them carefully.
• It is very important to analyse the use of a determiner and conjunction in such cases.
• This confusion can be eradicated by practising more and more questions of Sentence Jumbles.

Hinglish 

• विकल्पों में दिए गए वाक्य के भागों को व्यवस्थित करते समय हमें उनके बीच कुछ व्याकरणिक या प्रासंगिक संबंध खोजने होंगे, तो आइए जानें।
• इस वाक्य में, हम देख सकते हैं कि Subordinating conjunction, Subject, indirect object, subject of subordinating clause and verb, indirect object and direct object जैसे विभिन्न भाग हैं।
• वाक्य को R से शुरू होना चाहिए क्योंकि यह संदर्भ के लिए एक परिचय प्रदान कर रहा है "Alex and Jonathan."
• R के बाद S होना चाहिए क्योंकि यह phrase "wanted to help decorate" की मदद से वाक्य को एक अप्रत्यक्ष वस्तु प्रदान कर रहा है।
• S के बाद P आना चाहिए क्योंकि यह "basic things" की बात करता है।
• Q अंतिम भाग होना चाहिए क्योंकि यह "that could be done" के बारे में बात करके वाक्य को निष्कर्ष प्रदान कर रहा है।

The correct answer is 'write, is.'

Key Points

• For the first blank, the given rule is applicable:
• When a compound subject contains both a singular and a plural noun or pronoun joined by "or" or "nor," the verb should agree with the part of the subject that is closest to the verb.
• This is also called the rule of proximity.
• For the second blank, the given rule is applicable:
• The words and phrases "each," "each one,", "each of," "either," "neither," "everyone," "everybody," "anyone," "anybody," "nobody," "somebody," "someone," and "no one" are singular and require a singular verb.
• For the first blank, the correct answer is "write (plural verb)" as the subject closest to the verb is members and for the second blank, the correct answer is "is" because of the presence of "each of."
• So, the correct answer is Option 2*.*

Correct sentence: The student or the committee members write every day and each of the members is most welcome for that.

The correct answer is 'in'.

Key Points

• In the given sentence, the speaker says that the listener's son is not good enough in Science subjects.
• The preposition 'in' usually comes after 'be weak'.
• For example, 'I'm weak in English, but I've good command of Hindi.'
• So, the preposition 'upon' has to be replaced with 'in' in the given sentence.

The correct sentence is 'Your son is a bit weak in the Science subject, but he is trying to improve.'

Additional InformationLet's take a look at the use of the other given prepositions:

• 'upon' has several uses:

1. It is used to say that something that happens soon after, and often because of, something else.

• For example, 'Upon hearing the news of his father's demise, all of us paid a visit at his home.'

2. 'upon' also used as more formal form of 'on'.

• For example, 'You can never place enough emphasis upon the importance of safety.'
• 'of' expresses the relationship between a part and a whole.
• For example, 'The sleeve of his shirt had smears of dirt and mud*.*'
• 'with' can either mean accompanied by or possessing.
• For example, 'He went out to the park with his friends*.*'
• 'for' means with the object or purpose of.
• For example, 'She goes to the park only for his boyfriend. She takes no interest in running or exercising.'

The correct answer is "ACBD".

Key Points

• Let's look at the correct sequence of the passage.
• Statement A is the opening sentence of the given passage as it begins with a general statement about how we make a lot of choices in our daily life. Introductory statements are usually general statements.
• Statement C is the second sentence of the given passage as it begins with the determiner "these" to refer to choices that can determine either put our safety or put us in danger.
• Statement B is the third sentence of the given passage as it mentions that living on the edge may be exciting but not always the right thing to do. The given sentence is rationalizing the logic of the previous sentence.
• Statement D is the final sentence of the passage as it begins with the conjunctive adverb used to show cause and effect. The narrator sums up the moral of the passage by stating "therefore, following limits is always the safer and better way of life."

So the correct passage is- A. We make a lot of choices in our daily life. C. These determine either our safety or put us in danger. B. Living on the edge may be exciting but not always the right thing to do. D. Therefore, following limits is always the safer and better way of life.

The correct answer is 'by'.

Key Points

• In the above sentence, the speaker instructed the listener to get the task completed within the time weekend passes.
• 'by a time' is a time phrase that is used for saying on or before that time and no later than.
• For example, 'Please return these books to the library by Friday.'
• So, the preposition 'towards' has to be replaced with 'by' in the given sentence.

The correct sentence is 'If you can't finish the task by Friday, please get it done by the weekend.'

Additional InformationLet's take a look at the use of the other given prepositions:

• 'toward' means in the direction of, or closer to someone or something.
• For example, 'He leaned towards his wife and whispered, "Can we go home soon?"'
• 'at' is used to express the location or arrival in a particular place or position.
• For example, 'He is at home now.'
• 'on' is used to that something is physically in contact with and supported by (a surface).
• For example, 'There is a package for you on the counter.'
• 'over' expresses the position or extension of something at a higher level or layer than.
• For example, 'Look, there is a rainbow over the mountain.'

The correct answer is 'have picked'.

Key Points

• The given sentence is an example of correlative conjunction as it uses the pair of 'Either-or' in the structure.
• 'Either-or', 'Neither-nor', 'Not only-but also', these are correlative conjunction pairs and the verb for these pairs depends on the second subject of the sentence. If the subject is singular than the verb will be singular and if the subject is plural then the verb will be plural.
• Example: Either he or his friends are guilty.
• Thus, the correct answer is option 2.

Therefore, the correct sentence is: 'Either my own son or those children have picked all the flowers.'

The correct answer is '(i), (iii)'.

Key Points

• The passage states: "At the COP26 in Glasgow last year, India made two significant commitments: It promised to meet 50 percent of its energy needs from renewable fuels by 2030 and transition to a net zero carbon economy by 2070."
• This line directly mentions the promises made by India at COP26.
• Therefore, the correct commitments made by India are (i) to meet 50 percent of its energy needs from renewable fuels by 2030 and (iii) to transition to a net zero carbon economy by 2070.
• Hence, the correct answer is option 2, which includes both these commitments.

The correct answer is 'Requirement of trillion of dollars'.

Key Points

• The passage mentions: "India will need 'trillions of dollars' to become carbon neutral, according to a report that lays down the country’s strategy to meet its 2070 goal."
• This line explicitly highlights the financial challenge India faces in achieving carbon neutrality.
• The significant financial investment required, amounting to trillions of dollars, is identified as a major obstacle in India's path toward becoming carbon neutral by 2070.
• Therefore, option 1 accurately represents the challenge of the substantial financial resources needed for India to achieve its carbon neutrality goal.

The correct answer is 'The strategy document put out the mid-term target'.

Key Points

• The passage states: "The strategy document does not specify mid-term targets or goals. However, the government’s other policies do offer insights into the net-zero pathway."
• This line makes it clear that the strategy document, while outlining India's plans for its 2070 goal, does not specifically provide mid-term targets or goals. Instead, it refers to other government policies that offer insights into the pathway toward achieving net-zero emissions.
• Therefore, option 4 is incorrect because the strategy document does not explicitly put forth mid-term targets.

The correct answer is 'All of the above'.

Key Points

• The passage mentions several steps taken by the government to work towards the proposed target of becoming carbon neutral:
• "The National Hydrogen Mission launched in 2021 aims to make India a green hydrogen hub."
• "The country also has clean energy plans such as 20 percent ethanol blending with petrol to burn less fossil fuel by 2025."
• "An electric vehicle project that has been on the government’s anvil for at least five years."
• These lines highlight the various initiatives introduced by the government, including the National Hydrogen Mission, clean energy plans, and the long-standing electric vehicle project.
• Therefore, the correct answer is option 1, as all the options align with the steps taken by the government, as mentioned in the passage.

The correct answer is 'Carbon-Free'.

Key Points

• The correct answer is option 3. "Carbon-Free."
• In the passage, the term "carbon-neutral" refers to the goal of achieving a state where there is a balance between the amount of carbon emissions produced and the amount removed from the atmosphere. It implies a situation where the net carbon emissions are zero.
• "Carbon-Free" serves as a synonymous term denoting the absence or elimination of carbon emissions, aligning with the concept of achieving carbon neutrality.

The correct answer is 26^th January 2020.

• The Union Territories of Daman and Diu and Dadra and Nagar Haveli become a single union territory on 26^th January 2020.
• So now onwards the UTs of Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu are just single UT.
• The merger of these two UTs takes place by the Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu (Merger of Union Territories) Bill, 2019.
• This bill was passed by the Lok Sabha on November 27, 2019, and by Rajya Sabha on December 03, 2019.
• Daman and Diu are two widely separated districts situated on the southern side of Gujarat.
• Daman is an enclave on Gujarat’s southern coast and Diu encompasses an island off the southern coast of Gujarat’s Kathiawar Peninsula.
• It is in close proximity to the UT of DNH.
• Dadra and Nagar Haveli consists of two separate parts. Dadra is surrounded by the state of Gujarat and Nagar Haveli lies on the borders of Maharashtra and Gujarat.

The correct answer is Panini.

• Ashtadhyayi was written by  Indian grammarian Panini during the 6^th to 5^th century BCE.

Key Points

• Ashtadhyayi sets the work standard for the Sanskrit language.
• It sums up in 4,000 sutras that had evolved in the Vedic religion.
• Panini divided his work into eight chapters, each of which is further divided into quarter chapters. Beyond defining the morphology and syntax of Sanskrit language, Ashtadhyayi distinguishes between usage in the spoken language and usage that is proper to the language of the sacred texts.

Additional Information

• Vedavyasa: He is the author of Mahabharata.
• Shukadeva: He is the main narrator of Bhagavata Purana.
• Valmiki: He is the author of the epic Ramayana.

The correct answer is Option 4. 

Key Points

• The most important festival of Assam is Bihu. Bihu is a series of three agricultural festivals celebrated with great enthusiasm and fervor throughout the state. These three Bihus are:
• Rongali Bihu (Bohag Bihu): It is the most popular and widely celebrated Bihu, which marks the arrival of the Assamese New Year in mid-April. It celebrates the onset of the spring season and the agricultural cycle. People indulge in traditional music, dance (Bihu dance), feasting, and various cultural activities.
• Kongali Bihu (Kati Bihu): Celebrated in mid-October, Kongali Bihu is dedicated to the worship of the household deities. This Bihu is more somber in nature and focuses on prayers and rituals for a bountiful harvest. People light oil lamps, offer prayers, and participate in community activities.
• Bhogali Bihu (Magh Bihu): Celebrated in mid-January, Bhogali Bihu is associated with the harvest and feasting. It is also known as the festival of food, where people enjoy various traditional delicacies, especially made from rice and sesame seeds. Bonfires are lit, and community feasts are organized during this Bihu.

Additional Information

• The Lumbini Festival is an important cultural festival celebrated in the state of Andhra Pradesh, India.
• It is organized annually to promote tourism and showcase the rich cultural heritage of the region.
• The festival takes place in Nagarjunasagar, a town located near the Nagarjuna Sagar Dam, which is a significant historical and tourist attraction.
• The Lumbini Festival is named after Lumbini, the birthplace of Gautama Buddha in Nepal.
• The festival aims to highlight the Buddhist connection and the influence of Buddhism in the region.
• It usually occurs in December and spans three days, featuring a variety of cultural events, exhibitions, performances, and competitions.
• ​The Hornbill Festival is one of the most important cultural festivals of Nagaland, a state located in Northeast India.
• It is named after the Indian Hornbill bird, which is deeply revered in Naga folklore.
• The festival takes place annually from December 1^st to 10^th in the Kisama Heritage Village, located near Kohima, the capital city of Nagaland.
• The Hornbill Festival aims to showcase and celebrate the rich cultural heritage and traditions of the Naga tribes.
• It provides a platform for the different tribes of Nagaland to come together, display their distinct customs, arts, crafts, music, dance, and culinary delights.
• The festival also promotes inter-tribal harmony and unity among the Naga people.
• Phool Dei is a traditional festival celebrated in the Kumaon region of Uttarakhand, a state in northern India.
• The festival marks the arrival of spring and is usually observed in the month of March.
• "Phool" means flowers, and "Dei" refers to an offering or gift. Therefore, Phool Dei can be translated as "the festival of flowers."

• Article 140 deals with the Ancillary powers of the Supreme Court.
• Supreme Court of India consists of the Chief Justice of India and a maximum of 34 judges.
• It was established in the year 1950.
• The seat of the Supreme Court is declared as Delhi by the Constitution of India.
• 65 years is the age of retirement for the judge of the supreme court.
• Harilal J. Kania was the first Chief Justice of India.
• The 52^nd and present Chief Justice is Bhushan Gavai. Sworn in on 14 May, 2025, he became the first Buddhist to hold this post. He will have a 6-month term which is due to end on November 23, 2025.

The Sundarbans are a mangrove tract in the Bay of Bengal delta formed by the confluence of the Ganges, Brahmaputra, and Meghna Rivers. 

Important Points

• The Sundarban deltaic region experiences a climate that is favorable to the growth of Tidal vegetation.
• Tidal vegetation includes Sundari trees after which Sundarbans were named and other Mangroves.
• The tidal or mangrove forests grow by the side of the coast and on the edges of the deltas.
• The fertile deltas of the Cauvery, Krishna, Mahanadi, Godavari, and Ganga are comprised of mangrove forests.
• In the state of West Bengal, these forests are known as ‘Sundarbans the name after the largest delta. ’.
• The ‘Sundari’ is the most abundant tree in these forests.
• The vital trees of the tidal forests are Hogla, Garan, Pasur, etc.

Additional Information

• Alpine and Himalayan forests are limited to mountains. Himalayan forests are limited to the Himalayan mountains.
• Deciduous forest grow in a condition of prolonged high temperature and heavy rain. These seasonally shed leaves and do not grow in pure stands.

Hence Mangrove forest is found in Sundarban delta

The correct answer is A day after the full moon.

Key Points

• Holi is typically celebrated at the end of winter, on the day after the full moon in the Hindu month of Phalguna, which usually falls in late February or early March.
• The night before Holi is known as Holika Dahan or Choti Holi, during which bonfires are lit to signify the burning of the evil Holika.
• The next day, which is the main day of Holi celebrations, is often called Dhulandi or Rangwali Holi, where people play with colours and water.

Additional InformationImportant festival of India

• Diwali - It is a festival of lights and one of the biggest festivals in India.
• Dussera -  It is the story of the triumph of Rama, an avatar of Vishnu, over the 10-headed demon king Ravana. It is celebrated as the symbol of the triumph of good over evil.

The correct answer is Birmingham.

Key Points

• The Commonwealth Games 2022 was held in Birmingham, England, from 28 July to 8 August 2022.
• This was the third time that the United Kingdom hosted the Commonwealth Games, following London in 1934 and Manchester in 2002.
• The event featured 19 sports, including the debut of women's T20 cricket, mixed synchronized diving, and wheelchair basketball 3x3.
• Over 4,500 athletes from 72 Commonwealth nations and territories participated in the Games.
• The next Commonwealth Games will be held in state of Victoria, Australia , in 2026.

Additional Information

• Beijing is the capital city of China and has hosted the Summer Olympics in 2008.
• They were an international multisport competition that took place in Beijing, China, from August 8–24, 2008.
• Tokyo is the capital city of Japan and hosted the Summer Olympics in 1964 and 2021.
• They were an international multisport competition that took place in Tokyo, Japan, from July 23 to August 8, 2021, and from October 10 to 24, 1964.
• New Delhi is the capital city of India and hosted the Commonwealth Games in 2010.
• Held in Delhi, India, from October 3–14, 2010, it was an international multisport event for Commonwealth members.

The correct answer is Article 148.

Key Points

• Comptroller and Auditor General (CAG)
• The Comptroller and Auditor General (CAG) of India is mentioned in the Constitution of India under Article 148 to 151.
• Here is a brief description of these articles:
• Article 148: This article provides for the establishment of the office of the Comptroller and Auditor General of India (CAG).
• It also deals with the appointment, oath, salary, and other conditions of service of the CAG.
• Article 149: This article defines the duties and powers of the CAG.
• It states that the CAG shall perform such duties and exercise such powers in relation to the accounts of the Union and of the States and of any other authority or body as may be prescribed by or under any law made by Parliament.
• Article 150: This article states that the accounts of the Union and of the States shall be kept in the form prescribed by the President on the advice of the CAG.
• Article 151: This article states that the reports of the CAG relating to the accounts of the Union shall be submitted to the President, who shall cause them to be laid before each House of Parliament.
• Similarly, the CAG's reports related to the accounts of a State shall be submitted to the Governor, who shall cause them to be laid before the Legislature of the State.

Additional Information

• Article 162
• Article 162 of the Constitution of India is about the extent of executive power of the State.
• "Subject to the provisions of this Constitution, the executive power of a State shall extend to the matters with respect to which the Legislature of the State has power to make laws.
• Article 123
• Article 123 of the Constitution of India grants the President of India the power to promulgate Ordinances when either of the two Houses of Parliament is not in session, and hence it is not possible to enact laws in the Parliament.
• An Ordinance is a temporary law that has the same force and effect as any law enacted by the Parliament.
• Article 180
• Article 180 of the Indian Constitution is concerned with the legislative powers of the Speakers and Deputy Speakers of State Legislative Assemblies.
• The Speaker or the Deputy Speaker, as the case may be, shall, while he holds office, not be a member of any committee of the Legislature of the State, and shall not be entitled to vote in the first instance on any matter before the Legislative Assembly, but may, in the case of an equality of votes on any matter, exercise a casting vote.

The correct answer is 943.

Key Points

• In the Population Census of 2011 it was revealed that the population ratio in India 2011 is 943 females per 1000 of males.
• The Sex Ratio 2011 shows an upward trend from the census 2001 data.
• Census 2001 revealed that there were 933 females to that of 1000 males.

Additional Information 

• Sex ratio is used to describe the number of females per 1000 of males.
• Sex ratio is a valuable source for finding the population of women in India and what is the ratio of women to that of men in India.

The correct answer is Cold desert​.

Key Points 

• Cold Desert is one of India's most fascinating biosphere reserves, known for its snow leopard conservation efforts.
• It stretches over the Western Himalayas from Ladakh to Kinnaur in Himachal Pradesh.
• It was declared a biosphere reserve in 2009 and includes the Pin Valley National Park and its surrounds, as well as the Kibber Wildlife Sanctuary, Sarchu, and Chandratal.
• Some of the common wildlife found here are the Himalayan black bear, Himalayan blue sheep, Himalayan ibex, snow pigeon, Tibetan gazelle, woolly hare, red fox, and others.
• Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve, located in the Himalayan Mountains in the northern part of the country(Uttarakhand, CM: Pushkar Singh Dhami), includes as core areas the Nanda Devi and Valley of Flowers National Parks, which are one World Heritage site.
• The Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve is famous for its being a habitat for many rare species of animals and plants. Animals such as Himalayan Musk Deer, Himalayan Tahr, Snow leopard Himalayan Black Bear,  Himalayan Brown Bear, and Langurs are commonly spotted in the area.
• Fir, Birch, Rhododendron, and Juniper consist of the flora in this region.

Additional Information 

The correct answer is "Say no to corruption; Commit to the Nation.".

In News

• Central Vigilance Commission observes Vigilance Awareness Week.

Key Points

• Vigilance Awareness Week 2023 is observed from 30^th October till 5^th November of every year.
• It is observed as an outreach measure to create greater awareness about the importance of integrity and ethics in public life.
• The theme for this year is, "Say no to corruption; Commit to the Nation."
• It commenced with integrity pledge by Central Vigilance Commissioner Praveen Kumar Srivastava.

The correct answer is Uttar Pradesh.

Key Points

• As per the census 2011, Uttar Pradesh is the most populous state in India with a population of 19.98 Crores.
• The 15^th Census of India was started on 1^st April 2010 with a slogan of "Our Census Our Future".
• The total population of India as per the Census 2011 is 1210.19 million.
• The Census was first started under British Viceroy Lord Mayo in 1872.

Additional Information

Key Highlights of the Census 2011:

The correct answer is Jammu and Kashmir.

Key Points

• The Jammu and Kashmir Police recently started Two women's safety squads in Srinagar city.
• Each squad will comprise 5 Lady Police officers or personnel.
• Both squads will be headed by Inspector Khalida Parveen.

Additional Information

• The women's safety squad was started to help women in distress.
• Its main purpose is to ensure the security of girls, especially across schools, colleges, universities, coaching centres, and other such places.
• They would be patrolling all across the city including educational institutions, during the day.
• Heads of the Institutions have also been asked to contact the women's squad in case, any incident takes place outside their centres.

The correct answer is Mysore.

• Central Institute of Indian Language is located in Mysore.

Key Points

• Central Institute of Indian Language is part of the Language Bureau of the Ministry of Human Resource Development.
• The aim of the institute is to protect and document minor, minority, and tribal languages.
• The institute promotes Linguistic harmony by teaching 15 Indian languages to non-native learners.
• It was founded in July 1969.

Additional Information

• Central Food Technological Research Institute is also in Mysore.
• Central High Tibetan Educational Institute is in Varanasi
• Varanasi is on the banks of the river Ganga.
• Cultural Institute and Training Centre, Institute of National Museum History for Art Conservation and Science Museum, and Gandhian Recollection and Philosophy Recollection is in New Delhi.

The Correct Answer is Squirrel.

Key Points

• The State Animal of Puducherry is Squirrel.
• A genus of rodents in the family Sciuridae found naturally in India (south of the Vindhyas) and Sri Lanka is the Indian palm squirrel or three-striped palm squirrel (Funambulus palmarum).
• The palm squirrel was introduced to Madagascar, Reunion, Mayotte, Comoro Islands, Mauritius, Seychelles, and Australia in the late 19^th century, where it has since become a minor pest.
• The five-striped, closely related palm squirrel, In northern India, pennantii is found, and its range partly overlaps with this species.
• With a bushy tail slightly shorter than its neck, the palm squirrel is around the size of a big chipmunk.
• With three clear white stripes extending from head to tail, the back is a grizzled, grey-brown color.
• From the forelegs to the hind legs only the two outer stripes fly.
• It has a creamy-white stomach and a tail covered with long, black, and white hair that is interspersed.
• The ears are triangular and small.
• Juvenile squirrels have a much lighter coloration, which becomes darker as they mature gradually.

Additional Information

• Article 141 states that the 'Law declared by Supreme Court is to be binding on all courts' within the territory of India.
• Article 127 states the Appointment of ad hoc Judges.
• Article 133 states the Appellate Jurisdiction of the Supreme Court in Appeals from High Courts in Regard to Civil Matters.
• Currently, there are 448 articles in the Indian Constitution. (As of March 2020)

The correct answer is Article 32.

Key Points

• Article 32:
• Article 32 deals with the ‘Right to Constitutional Remedies’ or affirms the right to move the Supreme Court by appropriate proceedings for the enforcement of the rights conferred in Part III of the Constitution.
• It states that the Supreme Court “shall have the power to issue directions or orders or writs, including writs in the nature of habeas corpus, mandamus, prohibition, quo warranto, and certiorari, whichever may be appropriate, for the enforcement of any of the rights conferred by this Part”.
• The right guaranteed by this Article “shall not be suspended except as otherwise provided for by this Constitution”.
• ​Article 30:
• All minorities, whether based on religion or language, shall have the right to establish and administer educational institutions of their choice.
• In making any law providing for the compulsory acquisition of any property of an educational institution established and administered by a minority referred to in clause (1), the State shall ensure that the amount fixed by or determined under such law for the acquisition of such property is such as would not restrict or abrogate the right guaranteed under that clause.
• The State shall not, in granting aid to educational institutions, discriminate against any educational institution on the ground that it is under the management of a minority, whether based on religion or language.
• Article 44:
• The State shall endeavour to secure for the citizens a uniform civil code throughout the territory of India.
• ​Article 139:
• ​Parliament may by law confer on the Supreme Court power to issue directions, orders, or writs, including writs in the nature of habeas corpus, mandamus, prohibition, quo warranto, and certiorari, or any of them, for any purposes other than those mentioned in clause (2) of Article 32.

The correct answer is Pondicherry.

Key Points

• Pondicherry is a union territory in India,
• Pondicherry was the capital of the French colony in India.
• Pondicherry is also called 'India's Little France'.
• The French laid their supremacy on Pondicherry in the year 1673.
• French East India Company set up a trading center at Pondicherry in 1674.
• The name Pondicherry was renamed Puducherry in 2006.

Important Points

• Puducherry comprises of the erstwhile French colonies viz. Puducherry, Karaikal, Mahe, and Yanam.
• The Puducherry and Karaikal regions are surrounded by Tamilnadu.
• Mahe is surrounded by Kerala.
• Yanam is surrounded by Andra Pradesh.
• Pondicherry was under French rule for 138 years.
• The British “East India Company” captured Puducherry in 1761 from the French and restored the French Company administration by the Treaty of Paris in 1763.
• The British “East India Company returned the Puducherry to the French “East India Company” in 1816.
• It was merged with the Indian Union on 1^st November 1954.
• Puducherry became officially an integral part of India in 1963.

Additional Information

• Calicut is the oldest city in Kerala.
• ♦♦Calicut was the former capital of Lakshadweep.
• Cochin is popularly known as "queen of the Arabian sea".
• Kochi is the first e-port in India.
• Goa is the smallest state in India.
• Goa got independence from the Portuguese in 1961.

The correct answer is Jeremy Lalrinnunga.

Key Points

• At the 2018 Commonwealth Games in Birmingham, Jeremy Lalrinnunga wrote history by winning India's second gold medal.
• The 19-year-old lifted a combined weight of 300 kg to win the top prize in the Men's 67 kg competition (140kg in snatch, 160kg in clean & jerk).
• The weightlifter broke the Commonwealth Games 2022 record with his 140 kg lift in the snatch division.
• Jeremy's first snatch effort saw him lift 136 kg to start the competition. In his second attempt at a snatch, he lifted 140 kg, breaking the previous record. Jeremy's third 143kg snatch attempt was a foul, but his 140kg attempt was sufficient to propel him to the top of the standings.

Additional Information

• Murali Sreeshankar 
• ​Athlete Murali Sreeshankar (born 27 March 1999) represents India in the long jump competition. He currently holds the record, which was achieved in 2022 at 8.36 metres.
• His father S. Murali, a former triple jump competitor and silver medallist at the South Asian Games, is Sreeshankar's coach. Sreeshankar won the 50- and 100-meter under-10 state championships before switching to the long jump at the age of 13.
• Tejaswin Shankar
• ​Tejaswin Shankar, an Indian athlete who participates in the high jump event, was born on December 21, 1998. He set the 2.29-meter national high jump record in April 2018.
• Shankar was born into a Tamil household on December 21, 1998, in Delhi. He is a native of South Delhi's Saket. At the Sardar Patel Vidyalaya in New Delhi, where he attended school, he competed in cricket up until the eighth grade, when his physical education instructor suggested he switch to high jumping. He immediately began taking home prizes in interschool competitions.
• Mohit Grewal
• ​Indian freestyle wrestler Mohit Grewal competes in the 125 kg division. At the Commonwealth Games in Birmingham in 2022, he took home a bronze medal.
• Amarveer Dhesi of Canada eliminated him in the Semi-Finals after he defeated Alexios Kaoslidis of Cyprus in the Quarterfinals. Grewal later defeated Jamaican Aaron Johnson in the bronze medal match, which he won.

The correct answer is United States of America.

Key PointsConstitution of United States of America:

• It is the world's shortest and oldest written constitution from a major country.
• Indian Constitution has borrowed the concept of Fundamental Rights from the constitution of the USA.
• In the United States, September 17^th is celebrated as Constitution Day and Citizenship Day.
• Some of the features borrowed from constitution of USA are:
• Fundamental rights.
• Independence of judiciary.
• Judicial review.
• Impeachment of the president.
• Removal of Supreme Court and High Court judges.
• Post of vice-president.

Additional InformationList of Borrowed Features of Indian Constitution:

2. Residuary powers vest with the centre 3. Centre appoints the Governors at the states 4. Advisory jurisdiction of the supreme court | | Australia | 1. Concept of Concurrent list 2. Article 108 i.e. Joint sitting of the two houses 3. Freedom of trade and commerce | | USSR (Now Russia) | 1. Fundamental duties 2. The ideals of justice (social, economic and political),  expressed in the Preamble. | | France | 1. Concept of  “Republic” 2. Ideals of Liberty, Equality and Fraternity(contained in the Preamble) | | Germany | 1. Fundamental Rights are suspended during Emergency | | South Africa | 1. Election of members of the Rajya Sabha 2. Amendment of the Constitution | | Japan | 1. Concept of “procedure established by Law” |