Delhi Police Head Constable (Ministerial) 13 Oct 2022 Shift 3 Official Paper (Previous Year Paper)

The correct answer is Tamil Nadu.

Key PointsKaragam is a folk dance originating in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu and is also popular in many regions of Sri Lanka.

• Type and Origins: Karagam is a traditional folk dance, usually performed in village festivals or as part of religious celebrations. The dance takes its name from the 'Karagam', a decorative pot filled with water that dancers balance on their heads during the performance.
• Religious Significance: The dance was originally performed in honor of the water goddess, Mari Amman, invoking her blessings for rain and abundant harvests. Over time, it has evolved but still maintains its religious significance.
• Dance Performance: A vital part of the dance is maintaining balance. Dancers carry the decorated pots on their heads, and their movements are swift and rhythmic. The highly skilled dancers perform complex steps and tricky maneuvers - movements can include tumbling, twisting, bending, and turning - all while maintaining the pot's balance.
• Ensemble: Dancers perform to the accompaniment of folk music, and in some traditional forms, also recite short verses. It's usually a group effort and the dance formation is a sight to behold.

The Karagam dance is a vibrant expression of the local culture, reflecting the community's close connection with nature, its folklore, and faith systems. It remains an integral part of festivals and celebrations.

The correct answer is Uttar Pradesh.

Key Points

• The Indian state with the largest number of Members of Parliament (MPs) in the 17th Lok Sabha is Uttar Pradesh.
• It has 80 seats in the Lok Sabha, which is the largest representation by any state in India.
• The distribution of seats in the Lok Sabha is largely determined by the population of each state, and Uttar Pradesh is the most populous state in India.

Additional Information

• The Lok Sabha is the lower house of the Indian Parliament.
• The Lok Sabha is composed of representatives elected by direct election by the people based on universal adult suffrage.
• Article-81 of the Constitution defines the composition of the Lok Sabha.
• It states that the House shall not have more than 550 elected members, of which more than 530 members from the territorial constituencies of the States and not more than 20 to represent the Union Territories.
• The Election Commission of India conducted the general elections for the formation of the 17th Lok Sabha in 7 phases from 11 April 2019 to 19 May 2019.
• The result was declared on 23 May 2019.
• The Bharatiya Janata Party won 303 seats and retained its absolute majority and the BJP-led coalition won 353 seats.
• The BJP won 37.36% of the votes, while the NDA had a combined vote share of 45% of 60.37 crore votes.
• The Congress party won 52 seats and the Congress-led coalition won 92 seats.
• Other parties and their coalitions won 97 seats in the Indian Parliament.

The correct answer is 1 hour on any day during the week.

Key Points

• The Periodic Labour Force Survey (PLFS) conducted by the National Statistical Office (NSO), Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of India defines a person as unemployed if he/she did not work for even one hour on any day during the reference week.
• This is a strict definition and relates to a specific "reference week" immediately preceding the date of the survey.
• Note that while a person might have worked earlier or might work later, but if they did not work during that specific reference week, they are considered unemployed for the purpose of the survey.
• This definition could potentially include people temporarily between jobs, those seeking to join the workforce for the first time, and other such categories, and is an internationally accepted methodology for measuring unemployment.

The correct answer is Four.

Key Points

The Indian Government has consolidated 29 existing central labour laws into four broad codes to simplify and rationalize the labour regulations. These four labour codes are:

1. Code on Wages, 2019
2. Industrial Relations Code, 2020
3. Occupational Safety, Health and Working Conditions Code, 2020
4. Code on Social Security, 2020

So, the answer would be - 4 labour codes.

The correct answer is MS Swaminathan.

Key Points

Green Revolution:

• The Green Revolution is associated with a shift in India's image from chronic food shortage to self-sufficiency and even surplus in food.
• M.S. Swaminathan, an agriculture scientist is called the “Father of Green revolution in India”.
• High Yielding Variety (HYV) seeds, fertilizers, and other inputs were introduced in the agricultural sector.
• Green Revolution in India is related to Food and agricultural production..
• The use of tractors, irrigation facilities, pesticides, and fertilizers became dominant.
• Swaminathan helped in introducing Mexican semi dwarf wheat plants to Indian fields and helped to bring about greater acceptance of modern farming methods.
• This was coupled with better and efficient irrigation and the correct use of fertilizers to boost the crop.
• The result of the Green Revolution was to make India self-sufficient when it came to food grains.

The correct answer is Lala Hardayal.

Key Points

• The Ghadar Party, initially the Pacific Coast Hindustan Association, was formed in 1913 in the United States under the leadership of Lala Har Dayal, Sant Baba Wasakha Singh Dadehar, Baba Jawala Singh, Santokh Singh, and Sohan Singh Bhakna as its president.
• The members of the party were Indian immigrants, largely from Punjab.

Additional Information

• In 1904, V.D. Savarkar had organized the Abhinava Bharat, a secret society of revolutionaries.
• After the partition of Bengal, several developments came to fore by the revolutionary leaders, Abhinav Bharat was one of the beginnings in this direction.
• Other major initiatives were adopted like several newspapers had begun to advocate revolutionary terrorism, The Sandhya and the Yugantar in Bengal and the Kal in Maharashtra were the most prominent among them.
• Rash Bihari Bose founded another Indian Independence League in 1942 at Tokyo, Japan to remove the colonial rule of Britishers.
• In 1909, Colonel William Curzon Wyllie was shot dead by Madan Lal Dhingra.

The correct answer is Long run.

Key Points

• The Velocity of Money— which is a measure of the number of times one unit of currency circulates through the economy over a given time period—tends to remain mostly stable in the long term.
• This is because it's determined by long-term economic and structural factors like saving habits, payment technologies, and financial institutions, which don't tend to fluctuate rapidly. So, the correct answer would be 2) Long run.
• It's important to note, however, that while this is often the case, there can be exceptions.
• For example, during periods of economic crisis or rapid technological change, the velocity of money could potentially change in the short run as well. Nonetheless, most economic theories and policies tend to assume that it is stable in the long run.

The correct answer is Punjab.

Key Points

• The Indira Gandhi Canal is the longest canal of India.
• The origin of this canal is from Harike barrage situated in Punjab at the confluence of the Sutlej and Beas.
• From Harike, 204 Km long Indira Gandhi Feeder off-takes, which has 170 Km length in Punjab & Haryana and balance 34 Km in Rajasthan.
• The total length of the canal is around 650 Km (204 km Indira Gandhi Feeder canal (IGFC) + 445 Km Indira Gandhi Main canal (IGMC)).
• This canal enters in Rajasthan at Hanumangarh.
• From the tail of Indira Gandhi Feeder 445 Km. long Indira Gandhi Main Canal starts which passes through Sri Ganganagar and Bikaner districts and ends at Mohangarh in Jaisalmer.
• The canal was earlier known as the “Rajasthan Canal”.
• The idea of Indira Gandhi Canal was conceived by a hydraulic engineer, Kanwar Sain.
• He proposed that desert land in Bikaner and the Jaisalmer could be brought under irrigation.
• In 1960, the Indus Water Treaty was signed between India and Pakistan.
• India gets right to use waters of three rivers –the Satluj, Beas and Ravi.

The correct answer is Rajasthan and Bihar.

Key Points

• Literacy Rates: According to the 2011 Census of India, Rajasthan and Bihar had significantly lower literacy rates in comparison to the other states listed.
• Female Literacy: When we look at female literacy rates specifically, both these states also lag behind.
• In Rajasthan, the female literacy rate was 52.66%, peaking at a bit over half of the female population.
• In Bihar, the situation was slightly better but still considerably low, with a female literacy rate of 53.33%.
• Comparatively Higher Literacy Rates in Other States: As a contrast, female literacy rates were far higher in the states of Kerala, Mizoram, Tamil Nadu, Sikkim, and Nagaland.
• Social Factors: Multiple social factors contribute to lower literacy rates, especially among women, in states like Rajasthan and Bihar. These include poverty, child marriage, lack of emphasis on girls' education, and socio-cultural norms that prioritize males.

It's important to note that there have been concerted efforts since 2011 by state authorities and non-government organizations to improve literacy rates in these states

The correct answer is Keratin.

Key Points

• Keratin Composition: Keratin is a family of fibrous structural proteins, also known as scleroproteins. It is the key structural component that makes up hair, nails, and the outer layer of human skin.
• Durable and Protective: Keratin is an incredibly strong protein, which is why it's used by the body to form structures that need to withstand stress or protect the body. It forms both the internal (cortical) structure and the external (cuticle) layer of hair.
• Other Proteins: The other proteins listed - Dystrophin, Myosin, and Tubulin - have different roles in the body. Dystrophin helps protect muscle fibers from injury, Myosin is involved in muscle contraction, and Tubulin is a key protein in the structural network (cytoskeleton) inside cells. While they are important proteins, they aren't involved in the formation of hair.

The correct answer is Badruddin Tyabji.

Key Points

• Among the given list of options, Badruddin Tyabji was not associated with the All India Muslim League.
• He was a prominent lawyer, activist, and politician during the British Raj, known for being the first Indian to practice as a barrister of the High Court of Bombay and serving as the third President of the Indian National Congress, not the All India Muslim League.

Additional Information

All India Muslim League

• On December 30, 1906, the Muslim league was formed under the leadership of Aga Khan, the Nawab of Dhaka, and Nawab Mohsin-ul-Mulk at Dacca.
• It was a political group that led the movement calling for a separate Muslim nation to be created at the time of the partition of British India in 1947 because it feared that an independent India would be dominated by Hindus.
• It was formed to safeguard the rights of Indian Muslims.
• The objectives of the league were:
• ​To create among Muslims feelings of loyalty toward the British Government.
• To safeguard the political rights of the Muslims and to convey the same to the government.
• To overcome the feeling of hostility among Muslims towards other communities.
• Muhammad Ali Jinnah joined the league in 1913.
• The league was dissolved on 14 August 1947. It continues to exist in various forms as political parties in Pakistan, Bangladesh, and India.

The correct answer is Ministry of Earth Sciences.

Key Points

• Parliament passed the Indian Antarctic Bill, 2022, which aims at having India’s own national measures for protecting the Antarctic environment as also the dependent and associated ecosystem.
• After the Bill was passed by Lok Sabha on 22nd July, 2022 it was cleared by Rajya Sabha after it was moved by Minister of Earth Sciences, Dr Jitendra Singh.
• Speaking about the Bill, Union Minister of State (Independent Charge) Science & Technology; Minister of State (Independent Charge) Earth Sciences; MoS PMO, Personnel, Public Grievances, Pensions, Atomic Energy and Space, Dr Jitendra Singh said, the bill is in pursuant to India’s accession to Antarctic Treaty, the Protocol on Environment Protection (Madrid Protocol) to the Antarctic Treaty and to the Convention on the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources.

The correct answer is Lothal.

Key Points

Lothal:

• The city stood beside a tributary of the Sabarmati, in Gujarat, close to the Gulf of Khambat.
• It was situated near areas where raw materials such as semi-precious stones were easily available.
• This was an important center for making objects out of stone, shell, and metal.
• There was also a storehouse in the city.
• Many seals and sealings (the impression of seals on clay) were found in this storehouse.
• A dockyard is found at Lothal.

The correct answer is modern healthcare systems.

Key Points

• The Ayushman Bharat Digital Mission, launched by Prime Minister Narendra Modi in September 2021, is aimed at revolutionizing health care by leveraging digital technology. Among the options you've provided, it most closely aligns with empowering citizens with modern healthcare systems.
• So, the answer is 4) modern healthcare systems.
• This initiative aims to enable timely and efficient access to health care services, improve the overall quality of care, reduce out-of-pocket expenditure on health, and usher in an era of Telemedicine and e-pharmacy among other things.
• It will offer each Indian citizen a unique health ID, digitize health records, and improve the overall healthcare infrastructure of the country through advanced digital systems.

The correct answer is Himachal Pradesh.

Key Points

• Vijay Hazare Trophy is also known as Ranji One day trophy.
• It was started in 2002-03 as a domestic competition of limited over cricket.
• Vijay Hazare is a famous Indian cricketer who played for India between 1951-53.
• Tamil Nadu is the most successful team having won the trophy 5 times.
• Himachal Pradesh won the Vijay Hazare trophy in 2021.

The correct answer is Right to Freedom.

Key Points

• The right to move freely throughout the territory of India and to reside and settle in any part of the territory of India is provided under the Right to Freedom.
• Article 19 to 22 comes under the Right to Freedom of Fundamental Right of the Indian Constitution.
• | Articles | Contains | | --- | --- | | 19 | Protection of six rights regarding freedom of; 1. Speech and expression 2. Assembly 3. Association 4. Movement 5. Residence 6. Profession | | 20 | Protection in respect of conviction for offences | | 21 | Protection of life and personal liberty | | 22 | Protection against arrest and detention in certain cases |

The correct answer is IItutmish.

Key Points

• Radhiyah bint Itutmish or popularly known as Razia Sultana was the ruler of Delhi from 1236 to 1240.
• She was the first Muslim female ruler and succeeded her father Itutmish and became the Sultanate of Delhi in 1236.
• She refused to be addressed as a Sultana but claimed the title "Sultan".
• Born to - Sultan Iltutmish and Qutub Begum.
• Dynasty - Slave dynasty.
• Kingdom - Delhi Sultanate.

The correct answer is Kaveri.

Key Points 

Kaveri 

• The Kaveri river rises from The Brahmagiri hills.
• The Kaveri River rises on the Brahmagiri Hill of the Western Ghats in southwestern Karnataka state,
• It flows through the states of Karnataka and Tamil Nadu in a southeasterly direction for 765 km and descends through the Eastern Ghats in a series of great falls.
• The Kaveri river is joined by two tributaries the Hemavati and Lakshmantirtha.
• Brahmagiri hills is a mountain range in the Western Ghats of Maharashtra.
• The Kaveri Valley flows through Kerala>Kanataka>Tamil Nadu.

The correct answer is Uttarakhand.

Key Points

• Phooldei Festival:
• It is known as the harvest festival of Uttarakhand.
• It is an auspicious folk festival that welcomes the spring season in the state.
• It is celebrated on the first day of Chaitra.
• The festival is all about flowers and springtime.
• Dei means pudding or kheer which is made of white flour and curd.

The correct answer is Reserve Bank of India.

Key Points

• MUDRA loans are not provided by the Reserve Bank of India.
• The MUDRA (Micro Units Development & Refinance Agency) loans are provided by commercial banks, regional rural banks, small finance banks, among others, under the guidance of the Indian government's scheme, but the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) itself is not directly involved in providing these loans.
• The RBI is the central banking institution of India, which controls the monetary policy of the Indian rupee, and while it oversees the other banks that provide MUDRA loans, it doesn't loan directly to individuals or businesses.

Given:

The sum of two numbers is 15 and their difference is $\frac{1}{5}$ of their sum

Calculations:

According to the question,

⇒ x + y = 15 ......(1)

⇒ x - y = 3 ........(2)

Subtracting (1) from (2), we get

⇒ (x + y) - (x - y) = 15 - 3

⇒ (x + y - x + y) = 12

⇒ 2y = 12

⇒ y = 6

Putting the value of y in (1),

⇒ x + 6 = 15

⇒ x = 15 - 6 = 9

Taking LCM of (6,9)

⇒ 6 = 2 x 3

⇒ 9 = 3 x 3

⇒ LCM of (6,9) = 2 x 3 x 3 = 18

∴ The LCM of these two numbers is 18.

Given:

ABC if a right-angled triangle with AC hypotenuse

Point of A = 12, 21

Point of B = 3, p

Point of C = 9, 0

Formula Used:

Distance = $\sqrt{(x_{2} - x_{1})^2 - (y_{2} - y_{1})^2}$

Calculations:

As we know, ABC is a right-angled triangle with AC hypotenuse

So, 

⇒ $AC^2 = AB^2+BC^2$  .........(1)

For Distance of AB is 

⇒ x₂ = 3, x₁ = 12, y₂ = p, y₁ = 21

⇒ Distance of AB = $\sqrt{(x_{2} - x_{1})^2 + (y_{2} - y_{1})^2} = \sqrt{(3 - 12)^2 + (p-21)^2}=\sqrt{(9)^2 + p^2 + 441 -42p}=\sqrt{81+ p^2 + 441 -42p}=\sqrt{ p^2 + 522-42p}$

⇒ AB² = p² + 552 - 42p

For Distance of AC is 

⇒ x2 = 9, x1 = 12, y2 = 0, y1 = 21

⇒ Distance of AB = $\sqrt{(x_{2} - x_{1})^2 + (y_{2} - y_{1})^2} = \sqrt{(9 - 12)^2 + (0-21)^2}=\sqrt{(3)^2 + (-21)^2}=\sqrt{9 + 441}=\sqrt{ 450}$

⇒ AC² = 450

For Distance of BC is 

⇒ x2 = 9, x1 = 3, y2 = 0, y1 = p

⇒ Distance of AB = $\sqrt{(x_{2} - x_{1})^2 + (y_{2} - y_{1})^2} = \sqrt{(9 - 3)^2 + (0-p)^2}=\sqrt{(6)^2 + (-p)^2}=\sqrt{36+p^2}$

⇒ AB² = 36 + p²

Now put the value in eq(1)

⇒ 450 = 36 + p² + p² + 522 - 42p

⇒ 2p² - 42p - 108 = 0

⇒ p² - 21p + 54 = 0

⇒ p² - 18p - 3p + 54 = 0

⇒ p(p - 18) - 3(p - 18) = 0

⇒ (p - 18)(p - 3) = 0

⇒ value of p = 3 or 18

∴ The value of p is 3.

Given:

 

Calculations:

Marks for Ravi

Total marks Ravi gained = Marks in Hindi + Marks in English + Marks in Physics + Marks in Chemistry + Marks in Mathematics = 135 + 140 + 132 + 121 + 141 = 669 marks

Marks for Deepak

Total marks Deepak gained = Marks in Hindi + Marks in English + Marks in Physics + Marks in Chemistry + Marks in Mathematics = 120 + 135 + 139 + 112 + 136 = 642 marks

Marks for Sarita

Total marks Sarita gained = Marks in Hindi + Marks in English + Marks in Physics + Marks in Chemistry + Marks in Mathematics = 110 + 126 + 120 + 97  + 130 = 583 marks

Marks for Kamal

Total marks Kamal gained = Marks in Hindi + Marks in English + Marks in Physics + Marks in Chemistry + Marks in Mathematics = 130 + 125 + 98 + 102 + 120 = 575 marks

Marks for Divya

Total marks Divya gained = Marks in Hindi + Marks in English + Marks in Physics + Marks in Chemistry + Marks in Mathematics = 136 + 130 + 101 + 100 + 115 = 582 marks

∴ The minimum marks is obtained by Kamal i.e. 575 marks.

Given:

Profit = 20%

Uses 10% less weight

Formula used:

Selling price = Cost price × (100 + P%)/100

Profit = SP - CP

Profit% = (Profit/CP) × 100

Calculation:

Let the cost price of 1 kg sugar be Rs. 100

He uses 10% less weight

Instead of 1000 grams he sells only 900 grams

Cost price of 900 grams sugar

⇒ CP = (900/1000) × 100 = Rs. 90

He sells at 20% profit

Selling price of 1 kg sugar

⇒ SP = Cost price × (100 + profit %)/100

⇒ SP = 100 × (100 + 20)/100 = Rs. 120

He sells only 900 grams

Selling price of 900 grams = Rs. 120

⇒ Profit = SP - CP

⇒ Profit = 120 - 90 = Rs. 30

Profit% = (Profit/CP) × 100

⇒ P% = (30/90) × 100

⇒ P% = (1/3) × 100 = 100/3 or $33\frac{1}{3}$%

∴ The grocer has a profit of 100/3 or $33\frac{1}{3}$%.

Shortcut Trick

For half-yearly compounding, rate (r) becomes 18/2 = 9% and periods (n) become 18/6 = 3 cycles.

Net percentage interest for 3 cycles of 9% = 9 + 9 + 9 + (9×9 + 9×9 + 9×9)/100 + (9×9×9)/10000

⇒ 27 + 2.43 + 0.0729 = 29.5029%

Interest = 18000 × 29.5029% = ₹5310.522 ≈ ₹5310 (nearest ten).

∴ The correct answer is ₹5310.

Alternate Method

Given: Principal (P) = ₹18,000, Annual Rate = 18%, Time = 18 months.

Formula Used: Amount (A) = P(1 + r/100)ⁿ; CI = A − P

⇒ Half-yearly rate (r) = 18% ÷ 2 = 9%

⇒ Number of half-yearly periods (n) = 18 months ÷ 6 months = 3

⇒ Amount (A) = 18000 × (1 + 9/100)³

⇒ A = 18000 × (1.09)³ = 18000 × 1.295029

⇒ A = ₹23,310.522

⇒ Compound Interest (CI) = 23,310.522 − 18,000 = ₹5,310.522

⇒ Rounding to nearest ten rupees → ₹5,310

∴ The correct answer is ₹5,310.

Additional Information

Half-Yearly Compounding Rule

When interest is compounded half-yearly, the annual rate is divided by 2 and the time period is multiplied by 2.

Effective Rate for 3 Cycles

The effective percentage for 3 equal periods of rate r is given by: 3r + 3r²/100 + r³/10000.

Rounding to Nearest Ten

If the last digit is 5 or more, round up; if less than 5, round down to the nearest multiple of 10.

Given:

p + q = 3 and p3 + q3 = 9

Concept used:

(a + b)² = a² + b² + 2ab

(a + b)³ = a³ + b³ + 3ab(a + b)

Calculations:

According to the question,

(p + q)3 = (p3 + q3) + 3pq(p + q)

⇒ (3)3 = (9) + 3pq(3)

⇒ 27 = 9 + 9pq

⇒ 27 - 9 = 9pq

⇒ pq = 18/9 = 2

Now, 

(p + q)2 = (p2 + q2) + 2(pq)

⇒ (3)2 = (p2 + q2) + 2(2)

⇒ 9 = (p2 + q2) + 4 

⇒ (p2 + q2) = 9 - 4 

⇒ (p2 + q2) = 5

Squaring both the sides,

⇒ (p2 + q2)² = (5)² 

⇒ (p2 + q2)2 = 25

∴ The value of (p2 + q2)2 is 25.

Given :

20 × [24 ÷ 105 × {75 × 119 ÷ (15 × 17)}]

Concept used:

Calculation:

⇒ 20 × [24 ÷ 105 × {75 × 119 ÷ (15 × 17)}]

⇒ 20 × [24/105 × {75 × 119/255}]

⇒ 20 × [24/105 × {5 × 119/17}]

⇒ 20 × [24/105 × 35]

⇒ 20 × 8

⇒ 160

∴ The answer is 160.

Given: 

The consumption of wheat is 60 kg for 24 days

Calculations:

According to the question,

Consumption of wheat in 24 days = 60 kg

Consumption of wheat in 1 day = 60/24 = 2.5 kg

Consumption of wheat in 18 days = 2.5 × 18 = 45 kg

∴ The consumption of wheat in 18 days is 45 kg.

Shortcut Trick

When two mixtures are mixed in equal quantities, the concentration of a component in the final mixture is the arithmetic mean of its concentrations in the individual samples.

Final Milk content = (Milk% in Sample 1 + Milk% in Sample 2) ÷ 2

⇒ Final Milk content = (20% + 80%) ÷ 2

⇒ Final Milk content = 100% ÷ 2 = 50%

∴ The correct answer is 50%.

Alternate Method

Given:

Milk in Container 1 = 20%

Milk in Container 2 = 80%

Mixing ratio = 1 : 1 (Equal quantity)

Using the Rule of Alligation:

⇒ (80 − M) ÷ (M − 20) = 1 ÷ 1

⇒ 80 − M = M − 20

⇒ 2M = 100

⇒ M = 50

∴ The correct answer is 50%.

Additional Information

Weighted Average Formula

When quantities n₁ and n₂ are mixed with concentrations c₁ and c₂, the average M = (n₁c₁ + n₂c₂) ÷ (n₁ + n₂).

Rule of Alligation

It is a rule that enables us to find the ratio in which two or more ingredients at the given price must be mixed to produce a mixture of a desired price.

Percentage Concentration

In any mixture, the sum of the percentages of all individual components (like milk and water) always equals 100%.

Given:

Marked Price = Rs 200000

Single discount = 46%

Successive discounts = 35% and 8%

Formula used:

SP = MP(1 - D%)

Successive discounts = (A + B) - (AB/100)%

Calculations:

SP after applying single discount of 46%

⇒ SP = 200000(1 - 46%)

⇒ SP = 200000(1 - 0.46)

⇒ SP = 200000(0.54) = Rs. 108000

Now Successive Discounts 

⇒ D = (35 + 8) - (35 × 8)/100

⇒ D = (43) - (280)/100

⇒ D = 43 - 2.8 = 40.2%

SP with Successive Discounts

⇒ SP = 200000(1 - 40.2%)

⇒ SP = 200000(1 - 0.402)

⇒ SP = 200000(0.598) = Rs. 119600

According to the question,

The difference in values from both discounts = 119600 - 108000 = Rs. 11600

∴ The difference in values from both the discounts is Rs. 11600.

Given:

In the given figure, AB||CD, AO = 4 cm; OC = (4x - 2) cm; OD = (2x + 4) cm; OB = (x + 1) cm,

Concept used:

The diagonals of a Trapezium divide each other proportionally

Calculations:

According to the question,

(OC/OA) = (OD/OB)

⇒ (4x - 2)/4 = (2x + 4)/(x + 1)

⇒ 2(2x - 1)/4 = (2x + 4)/(x + 1)

⇒ (2x - 1)/2 = (2x + 4)/(x + 1)

⇒ (2x - 1)(x + 1) = 2(2x + 4)

⇒ (2x - 1)(x + 1) = (4x + 8)

⇒ (2x² - x) + (2x - 1) = (4x + 8)

⇒ (2x2 + x - 1) = (4x + 8)

⇒ (2x2 + x - 1) - (4x + 8) = 0

⇒ (2x2 - 3x - 9) = 0

By factorization method,

⇒ (2x2 + 3x - 6x - 9) = 0

⇒ x(2x + 3)- 3(2x + 3) = 0

⇒ (2x + 3) or (x - 3) = 0

The value of x will be either -3/2 or 3

If value of x is kept -3/2 in OB then the value will be negative 

Hence the value of x is 3

∴ The value of x is 3.

Given:

In a 1547 m race, Arjun reaches in 78 seconds, while Karan reaches the finish point in 91 seconds

Concept used:

Speed = Distance/Time

Calculations:

Speed of Karan = 1547/91 = 17m/s

Arjun completed the race in 78 secs, but Karan is still running for next 13 secs then,

According to the question,

Distance travelled by Karan in next 13 seconds = 17 m/s × 13 s = 221m

∴ Arjun beat Karan by 221 m.

Given:

The sales of an automobile company increased by 20% in 2020 as compared to the year 2019.

However in 2021, it fell by 20% as compared to the previous year. 

It sold 6000 units in the year 2019

Calculations:

According to the question,

Sale increased by 20% in 2020 compared to 2019 = sale in 2019 (1 + 20%)

⇒ Sale in 2020 = 6000(1 + 20%)

⇒ Sale in 2020 = 6000(1 + 0.20)

⇒ Sale in 2020 = 6000(1.20) = 7200 units

Now sale decreased by 20% in 2021 compared to 2020 = sale in 2020(1 - 20%)

⇒ Sale in 2021 = 7200(1 - 20%)

⇒ Sale in 2021 = 7200(1 - 0.20)

⇒ Sale in 2021 = 7200(0.80) = 5760 units

∴ The company sold 5760 units in 2021.

Given:

cos (A - α) = p 

sin (A - β) = q

cos²(α - β) + 2pq sin (α - β) = ?

Formula used:

sin (a - b) = sin a cos b - cos a sin b

cos²θ + sin²θ = 1

Concept used:

cos²(A - α) = p² 

⇒ 1 - sin²(A - α) = p²

⇒ sin² (A - α) = 1 - p²

⇒  sin (A - α) = $\sqrt{1- p^2 }~$

Similarly, cos (A - β) = $\sqrt{1-q^2 }~$

Also α - β  = (A - β) - (A - α)

Calculation:

sin (α - β) = sin {(A -β) - (A - α)}

⇒ sin (α - β) = sin (A - β) . cos (A -α) - cos(A-β) .sib(A-α)

⇒ sin (α - β) = q.p - $(\sqrt{1-q^2})\space(\sqrt{1-p^2 })~$

Squaring both sides, we get 

⇒ sin²(α - β) = { pq - $(\sqrt{1-q^2})\space(\sqrt{1-p^2 })~$}² 

⇒ 1 -  sin2(α - β)  = 1 - { pq - $(\sqrt{1-q^2})\space(\sqrt{1-p^2 })$}2

⇒ cos²(α - β) = 1 - { p²q² + (1 - q²)(1 - p²) - 2pq $(\sqrt{1-q^2})\space(\sqrt{1-p^2 })~$

Now, cos2(α - β) + 2pq sin (α - β) = 1 - { p2q2 + (1 - q2)(1 - p2) - 2pq $(\sqrt{1-q^2})\space(\sqrt{1-p^2 })~$} +  2pq sin (α - β)

⇒ cos2(α - β) + 2pq sin (α - β) = 1 - { p2q2 + (1 - p² - q² + p²q²) - 2pq $(\sqrt{1-q^2})\space(\sqrt{1-p^2 })$ } +  2pq {pq -  $(\sqrt{1-q^2})\space(\sqrt{1-p^2 })~$}

⇒ cos2(α - β) + 2pq sin (α - β) = 1 - p2q2 - (1 - p2 - q2 + p2q2) + 2pq \( (\sqrt{1-q^2})\space(\sqrt{1-p^2 })\) + 2pq {pq -  \( (\sqrt{1-q^2})\space(\sqrt{1-p^2 })\)}

⇒ cos2(α - β) + 2pq sin (α - β) = 1 - p²q²- 1 + p² + q² - p²q² + 2pq \( (\sqrt{1-q^2})\space(\sqrt{1-p^2 })\) + 2p²q² - 2pq \( (\sqrt{1-q^2})\space(\sqrt{1-p^2 })\) 

⇒ cos2(α - β) + 2pq sin (α - β) = p² + q²

∴ The correct answer is option (3)

Given:

A is twice as efficient as B

Together they can finish a work in 16 days

Calculations:

Let the work done by B in one day be x and that of A be 2x,

According to the question,

One-days work (A + B) together = 1/16 units

One-days work A + One-days work of B = 1/16

⇒ 2x + x = 1/16

⇒ 3x = 1/16

⇒ x = 1/48

B can complete the work in 48 days 

As A is twice as efficient as B then A will take half the time than B  = 48/2 = 24 days

∴ A alone can complete the work in 24 days.

Given:

Rs. 1,800 is invested for a certain number of years at 6% simple interest per annum.

The interest payable on maturity is Rs. 756

Formula used:

SI = (P × R × T)/100

Calculations:

According to the question,

SI = (1800 × 6 × T)/100

⇒ 756 = (18 × 6 × T)

⇒ 756 = 108 × T

⇒ T = 756/108 = 7 years

∴ The time period for which the sum is invested is 7 years.

Given:

Expression = $\frac{17}{10} + \frac{52}{100} + \frac{37}{1000}$

Formula used:

Decimal conversion of fractions: $\frac{a}{10^n}$ shifts decimal n places to the left.

Calculations:

$\frac{17}{10} + \frac{52}{100} + \frac{37}{1000}$

⇒ 1.7 + 0.52 + 0.037

⇒ 2.257

∴ The correct answer is option (2).

Shortcut Trick

The difference between Total Surface Area (TSA) and Curved Surface Area (CSA) of a cylinder is always equal to the area of its two circular bases.

Difference = 2 × π × r²

Difference = 2 × 3.14 × 5²

Difference = 2 × 3.14 × 25 = 50 × 3.14 = 157 cm²

∴ The correct answer is 157 cm².

Alternate Method

Given:

Radius (r) = 5 cm

Height (h) = 7 cm

π = 3.14

Formula Used:

Curved Surface Area (CSA) = 2 × π × r × h

Total Surface Area (TSA) = 2 × π × r × (h + r)

Calculations:

⇒ Difference = TSA − CSA

⇒ Difference = [2 × π × r × (h + r)] − [2 × π × r × h]

⇒ Difference = 2πrh + 2πr² − 2πrh

⇒ Difference = 2 × π × r²

⇒ Difference = 2 × 3.14 × (5)²

⇒ Difference = 2 × 3.14 × 25

⇒ Difference = 157 cm²

∴ The correct answer is 157 cm².

Additional Information

Volume of a Cylinder

The volume represents the capacity of the cylinder and is calculated as V = πr²h.

Hollow Cylinder TSA

For a hollow cylinder with external radius R and internal radius r, TSA = 2π(R + r)(h + R − r).

Relationship between CSA and Volume

Volume = (CSA × r) ÷ 2. This formula relates the lateral surface area directly to the volume via the radius.

Shortcut Trick

Equal side = (Perimeter − base) ÷ 2 = (50 − 16) ÷ 2 = 17 cm.

The altitude bisects the base forming a right triangle with base 8 cm and hypotenuse 17 cm.

Using the (8, 15, 17) Pythagorean triplet, the height is 15 cm.

Area = 1/2 × base × height = 1/2 × 16 × 15 = 120 cm².

∴ The correct answer is 120 cm².

Alternate Method

A B C D 17 cm 17 cm 16 cm h = 15 cm

Given:

⇒ Base of the isosceles triangle (b) = 16 cm

⇒ Perimeter of the triangle = 50 cm

Formula Used:

⇒ Perimeter of an isosceles triangle = 2a + b

⇒ Area of a triangle = 1/2 × base × height

Calculations:

⇒ Let the length of the equal sides be a.

⇒ 2a + 16 = 50

⇒ 2a = 50 − 16 = 34

⇒ a = 17 cm

⇒ The altitude drawn to the unequal side bisects it, forming two right-angled triangles.

⇒ In right ΔABD, hypotenuse AB = 17 cm, base BD = 16 ÷ 2 = 8 cm.

⇒ By Pythagoras theorem: AD² + BD² = AB²

⇒ AD² + 8² = 17²

⇒ AD² + 64 = 289

⇒ AD² = 289 − 64 = 225

⇒ Height (AD) = √225 = 15 cm

⇒ Area = 1/2 × b × h

⇒ Area = 1/2 × 16 × 15

⇒ Area = 8 × 15 = 120 cm²

∴ The correct answer is 120 cm².

Additional Information

Area of Isosceles Triangle

The direct formula for the area is (b ÷ 4) × √(4a² − b²), where a is the length of equal sides and b is the base length.

Area of Equilateral Triangle

If all three sides are equal to a, the area is (√3 ÷ 4) × a² and the height is (√3 ÷ 2) × a.

Heron's Formula (Scalene Triangle)

For any triangle with sides a, b, and c, Area = √[s(s − a)(s − b)(s − c)], where s is the semi-perimeter (a + b + c) ÷ 2.

Given:

Fifteen men take 10 days to complete a house, working 12 hours a day

Concept used:

M₁D₁H₁/W₁ = M₂D₂H₂/W₂ 

M₁ men can do W₁ work in D₁ day working H₁ hours per day

M₂ men can do W₂ work in D₂ days working H₂ hours per day

Calculations:

Let the no. of hours worked by 10 men per day for 20 days be x

According to the question,

⇒ 15 × 10 × 12 = 10 × 20 × x

⇒ x =  1800/200 = 9 hours

∴ To complete the job in 20 days, 10 men should work 9 hours per day.

Explanation : 

 

‘A @ B # C & D @ E’ ⇒ A is sister of B, B is the brother of C, C is a Father of D, D is a sister of E

From given information 

According to the given information, we will get the family tree as:

Thus, D is brother's daughter to A.

Hence, the correct answer is 'option 4'.

Explanation : 

 ‘P / Q / R + S’ ⇒ P is a father of Q, Q is a father of R, R is a brother of S

According to the given information, we will get the family tree as:

Thus, P is father's father to S.

Hence, the correct answer is 'option 4'.

The pattern followed here is 

DIVERSE : VIDEESR 

And, ECONOMY : OCENYMO

Similarly,  EDITION : IDETNOI

Hence, the correct answer is 'option 1'.

The alphabets and their positions are:

The logic used here is:

'FOUR' is coded as DKSN

 'FIVE' is coded as DETA.

Similarly, 

'NINE' is coded as LELA

Hence, Option 3 is the correct answer.

According to the given statements, we get the Venn diagram as: 

Conclusion I. Some trucks are cars → True ( some cars are bicycle and all bicycles are trucks so definitely, some trucks are cars) 

Conclusion II. All bikes are bicycles → False ( because there is no definite relation between bikes and bicycles as shown above ) 

 

Thus, only conclusion 1 is true.

Hence, the correct answer is 'option 4'.

The words in alphabetic order is as:

5. Appreciate
6. Appropriate
7. Approval
8. Approve
9. Apron

 

Thus, the alphabetic order of the given words is '5, 2, 1, 3, 4'.

Hence, Option 4 is the correct answer.

According to the given information, we have the number of people who watch thrillers but not romance is:

= 16 + 36 + 71 = 123 

Hence, the correct answer is 'option 1'.

Given:

The logic used here is:

1) 

 is moving in anticlockwise direction from one corner to another. Also one time is shaded and one time not.

2) 

 is at it own place but moving anticlockwise in 90 degree angle.

3)  

 is moving in anticlockwise direction in 90 degree angle from one corner to another.

 

Thus, the next image will be

Hence, the correct answer is 'option 4'.

BODAMAS Rule

Given: 75 * 5 * 32 * 50 * 20 * 450 

Next check each options as:

1) +, ×, -, ÷, =

Applying signs, we will get,

⇒ 75 + 5 × 32 - 50 ÷ 20 = 450

Apply BODMAS rule, we will get,

⇒ 75 + 5 × 32 - 2.5 = 450

⇒ 75 + 160 - 2.5 = 450

⇒ 232.2 = 450, is not true

 

2) ÷, ×, -, +, =

Applying signs, we will get,

⇒ 75 ÷ 5 × 32 - 50 + 20 = 450

Apply BODMAS rule, we will get,

⇒ 15 × 32 - 50 + 20 = 450

⇒ 480 - 50 + 20 = 450

⇒ 450 = 450, is true

 

3) ÷, +, ×, -, =

Applying signs, we will get,

⇒ 75 ÷ 5 + 32 × 50 - 20 = 450

Apply BODMAS rule, we will get,

⇒ 15 + 32 × 50 - 20 = 450

⇒ 15 + 1600 - 20 = 450

⇒ 1595 = 450, is not true

 

4) +, -, ×, ÷, =

Applying signs, we will get,

⇒ 75 + 5 - 32 × 50 ÷ 20 = 450

Apply BODMAS rule, we will get,

⇒ 75 + 5 - 32 × 2.5 = 450

⇒ 75 + 5 - 80 = 450

⇒ 0 = 450, is not true

 

Thus, the correct combination of signs used '÷, ×, -, +, =' to balance the given equation.

Hence, the correct answer is 'option 2'.

As we can see that, the letter Z is common in both the dices:

Now we will write the letters starting from the common one in clock wise direction as:

1st Dice: Z - W - U

2nd Dice: Z - Y - V

 

Thus, the letter U is on the face opposite to V.

Hence, the correct answer is 'option 2'.

The alphabets and their positions:

The logic used here is:

 

Thus, the missing letter-cluster is 'XJDF'.

Hence, the correct answer is 'option 2'.

According to the given information, we have:

1) A, B, C, D, E, F, G and H are sitting around a square table, facing towards the centre of the table. Some of them are sitting at the corners while some are sitting at the exact centre of the sides. A is occupying a corner seat, third to the left of B. H is second to the left of A.

2. E is an immediate neighbour of B and fourth to the right of A. F is at one of the corners. G is third to the left of F.

 

 

If D is not a neighbour of A. Thus, the sitting arrangement will be:

 

Thus, C sitting to immediate left of F.

Hence, the correct answer is 'option 3'.

The alphabets and their positions are:

For RAJ: Total letters =  3 = $3^2 + 1 = 9$

And, for PAWAN: Total letters = 5 = $5^2 + 1 = 26$

Similarly, for MAYURI: Total letters = 6 = $6^2 + 1 = 37$

 

Thus, the code for the word 'MAYURI' is 37.

Hence, the correct answer is 'option 4'.

According to the given information we have:

1) Six students are sitting around a circular table facing the centre. Ileana is an immediate neighbour of both Layla and Julian. Kevin is sitting second to the left of Julian.

2. Ivan is sitting third to the right of Layla. Jack is an immediate neighbour of both Kevin and Layla. Thus, the final arrangement is as below:

Thus, Julian is sitting between Ivan and Iileana.

Hence, the correct answer is 'option 4'.

The alphabets and their positions:

The logic used here is:

For UBMKT : FTXCE 

And, YJSRF : JBDJQ 

Similarly for BEXPH : ?

Thus, the code for the given word is 'MWIHS'.

Hence, the correct answer is 'option 4'.

According to the given figure we can see that, number 1 and 2 are common in both the dices as:

Thus, we can see the number 3 will be on the face opposite to the number 5.

Hence, the correct answer is 'option 3'.

Given: 

The logic here is:

1. In each box the number of 

 is increased by one.

2. Each time one 

 is added which is in clockwise direction with 90 degree turn. 

i.e. 

 → 

 →  

→ 

  and it is repeated

 

Thus, the next image will be:

Hence, the correct answer is 'option 4'.

The alphabets and their positions:

The logic used here is:

1. IRMV

2) HSKW

3) FUJY

4) DWHA

Hence, the correct answer is 'option 2'.

Logic: (First Number + Third Number) + [(First Number + Third Number) $\div$ 2] = Second Number

For, (17, 42, 11) → $=(17+11)+(28\div2)=28+14=42$

And for (7, 24, 9) → $=(7+9)+(16\div2)=16+8=24$

Let's check all the options:

1) (6, 27, 12) → $=(6+12)+(18\div2)=18+9=27$

2) (13, 39, 9) → $=(13+9)+(22\div2)=22+11=33\ne39$

3) (9, 36, 17) → $=(9+17)+(26\div2)=26+13=39\ne36$

4) (11, 21, 5) → $=(11+5)+(16\div2)=16+8=24\ne21$

 

Thus, the set '(6, 27, 12)' follows the pattern.

Hence, the correct answer is 'option 1'.

BODMAS Rule:

Given: 11 + 68 - 8 × 121 ÷ 32 = 565

1) 8 and 32; × and +

After applying the changes we will get,

⇒ 11 × 68 - 32 + 121 ÷ 8 = 565

Apply BODMAS rule, we will get,

⇒ 11 × 68 - 32 + 15.12 = 565

⇒ 748 - 32 + 15.12 = 565

⇒ 731.12 = 565, is not true

 

2) 11 and 32; - and × 

After applying the changes we will get,

⇒ 32 + 68 × 8 - 121 ÷ 11 = 565

Apply BODMAS rule, we will get,

⇒ 32 + 68 × 8 - 11 = 565

⇒ 32 + 544 - 11 = 565

⇒ 565 = 565, is true

 

3) 68 and 121; + and ×

After applying the changes we will get,

⇒ 11 × 121 - 8 + 68 ÷ 32 = 565

Apply BODMAS rule, we will get,

⇒ 11 × 121 - 8 + 2.12 = 565

⇒ 1331 - 8 + 2.12 = 565

⇒ 1325.12 = 565, is not true

 

4) 11 and 8; × and ÷

After applying the changes we will get,

⇒ 8 + 68 - 11 ÷ 121 × 32 = 565

Apply BODMAS rule, we will get,

⇒ 8 + 68 - 0.09 × 32 = 565

⇒ 8 + 68 - 2.88 = 565

⇒ 73.12 = 565, is not true

 

Thus, these two signs and numbers '11 and 32; - and ×' to be interchange to make the equation correct.

Hence, the correct answer is 'option 2'.

Given: TUVT _ UUVV _ TT _ UU _ VVT

1) UTTU: TUV - TUUUVV - TTTTUUUVV - T

2) UVUV: TUV - TUUUVV - VTTUUUVVV - T

3) TVUU: TUV - TTUUVV - VTTUUUUVV - T

4) TTUV: TUV - TTUUVV - TTTUUUVVV - T

 

Thus, the combination of letters 'TTUV' is repeating itself.

Hence, the correct answer is 'option 4'.

Logic: (First number - Third Number) $\times$ 4 = Second Number

For (38, 92, 15) → (38 - 15) $\times$ 4 = 92

And for (26, 60, 11) → (26 - 11) $\times$ 4 = 60

Let's check all the options as:

1) (32, 84, 19) → (32 - 19) $\times$ 4 = 52 $\ne$ 84

2) (21, 28, 13) → (21 - 13) $\times$ 4 = 32 $\ne$ 28

3) (28, 52, 16) → (28 - 16) $\times$ 4 = 48 $\ne$ 52

4) (18, 44, 7) → (18 - 7) $\times$ 4 = 44

 

Thus, the set '(18, 44, 7)' follows the pattern.

Hence, the correct answer is 'option 4'.

The logic here is:

Thus, the missing numbers are 211 and 187.

Hence, the correct answer is 'option 3'.

The logic here is:

Thus, the missing number is 178.

Hence, the correct answer is 'option 1'.

The correct mirror image of the given figure with the mirror MN placed as:

1. The word '

' ends with number 2. So the mirror image will start with '

', → Options 1, 2 and 3 all are eliminated.

Hence, the correct answer is 'option 4'.

The correct answer is "students"

Key Points

• In the given options, the most appropriate answer is 'student.'
• Pupil: a person who is taught artistic, musical, etc. skills by an expert; a child in school.
• Example: He was a pupil of Dr Abdul Kalam.
• Student: a person who is studying at a school, college, or university.
• Example: I am a student of Good Hope Public School.
• Therefore, the correct answer is option 3.​

Additional Information

• Let's look at the usage and meaning of the other options.

The correct answer is "The poor man came across a golden chain."

Key Points

• In the given options, the most appropriate answer is 'the poor man came across a golden chain.'
• Among options 1,2,3 and 4, option 4 is contextually and grammatically correct.
• The other options given do not convey a proper meaning and are grammatically incorrect.
• Therefore, the correct answer is option 4.

​Correct sentence: The poor man came across a golden chain.

The correct answer is "hurriedly"

Key Points

• In the given options, the most appropriate answer is 'hurriedly.'
• Hurriedly: done very quickly. 
• Example: The party was a rather hurriedly arranged affair.
• Therefore, the correct answer is option 3.

Additional Information

• Let's look at the usage and meaning of the other options.

The correct answer is "martial"

Key Points

• In the given options, the most appropriate answer is 'martial.'
• Martial: connected with the war; it alludes to everything associated with or resembling a war or an army.
• Example: He is learning martial arts for his upcoming movie.
• As it is evident from the above explanation that "martial" is the most appropriate homonym for the above-mentioned sentence.
• Therefore, the correct homonym is option 4.​

Additional Information

• Let's understand the usage and meaning of the other options.

The correct answer is "BCAD".

Key Points

• The first sentence is always the introductory sentence of a paragraph.
• Thus, sentence B "Cryptocurrency is a data string that has been encrypted and represents a unit of currency" is the first sentence as it is introducing the subject (cryptocurrency) of this stanza.
• Sentence C "Unlike actual money, cryptocurrencies are decentralized, which means they cannot be manipulated by the government" is the second sentence as it states the characteristics of "cryptocurrency".
• Sentence A "It is monitored and organized by a peer-to-peer network known as a blockchain" will be the third sentence as it continues the subject of the previous sentence.
• Sentence D "This chain functions as a secure database of transactions such as buying, selling, and transferring" is the last and concluding sentence.
• Therefore, the correct order is BCAD.

Additional Information

• The paragraph after being arranged in a meaningful order results into:
• Cryptocurrency is a data string that has been encrypted and represents a unit of currency. Unlike actual money, cryptocurrencies are decentralized, which means they cannot be manipulated by the government. It is monitored and organized by a peer-to-peer network known as a blockchain. This chain functions as a secure database of transactions such as buying, selling, and transferring.​

The correct answer is "Cache".

Key Points

• In the given options, the most appropriate answer is 'cache.'
• Cache: an amount of something, especially drugs or weapons, that has been hidden; a part of a computer’s memory that stores copies of data so that the data can not be found very quickly.
• Example: Authorities found a massive arsenal cache.
• Apparently, among the given group of words, the cache can be substituted as one word.
• Therefore the correct one-word substitution is Cache.

​

Additional Information

• Let's understand the usage and meaning of the other options.

The correct answer is "etiquette"

Key Points

• In the given question, the word that contains an error is 'atiquette.'
• The correct spelling of the word is 'etiquette.'
• Etiquette: the rules of polite and correct behaviour.
• Example: Our focus on social etiquette and status had weakened our efficiency.
• ​Evidently, the part of the given sentence that contains a spelling error is 'atiquette'.
• Therefore, the correct answer is option 1.​

Additional Information

• Let's understand the usage and meaning of the other options.

The correct answer is "Petriotisam"

Key Points

• In the given options, the incorrectly spelt word is "petriotisam"
• The correct spelling of the word is 'patriotism.'
• Patriotism: the sentiment of love, adoration, and connection to one's nation.
• Example: With ferocious patriotism, many citizens favoured the war.
• Therefore, the correct answer is option 3.

Additional Information

• Let's understand the implication of the remaining words.

The correct answer is "Fraught"

Key Points 

• In the given options, the most appropriate answer is 'fraught.'
• Fraught: (used about people) worried and nervous; (used about a situation) very busy so that people become nervous or anxious.
• Example: The circumstances were fraught and dangerous.
• Evidently, among the given group of words, fraught can be substituted as one word.
• Therefore, the correct answer is option 2.

Additional Information

• Let's understand the usage and meaning of the other options.

The correct answer is "No error".

Key Points

• The above-mentioned sentence "The judicial process of our country is so cumbersome that often the victims lose patience and faith" has no errors and is grammatically correct.
• All the rules of grammar are appropriately applied in the sentence.
• Use of simple present tense (is) is correctly used.
• Furthermore, the placement of "lose" is correctly done.
• Therefore, the correct answer is: No error

Additional Information

• The given sentence is stating a general fact about the country's judicial process.
• And we apply simple present tense (is/are) in a simple fact or universal truth.
• Example: Delhi is the capital of India.

The correct answer is "abusive"

Key Points

• In the given options, the most appropriate answer is 'abusive.'
• Vulgar: not having or showing good judgment about what is attractive or appropriate; not polite or well-behaved.
• Example: He is popular for his vulgar jokes.
• Abusive: using rude language to insult somebody.
• Example: The teacher left the class with an abusive remark.
• Apparently, the above elucidation shows that the words 'vulgar' and 'abusive' are similar in meaning.
• Hence, the correct answer is **option 1.**​

Additional Information

• Let's understand the usage and meaning of the other options.

The correct answer is "Vain".

Key Points 

• The correct homophone for the word "vein" is "vain".
• Let us understand the meaning of the correct option:
• Vain: useless; failing to produce the result you want.
• Example: She tried in vain to cover up her sobs by moving away.
• Therefore, the correct homophone is: Vain

Additional Information

• Let us understand the meanings of the remaining words

The correct answer is "gymnasium"

Key Points

• In the given options, the most appropriate option that can be used as a one-word substitute is 'gymnasium.'
• Gymnasium: a large room with equipment for exercising the body and increasing strength.
• Example: The dance classes were held in a high school gymnasium.
• Therefore, the correct answer is option 3.

Additional Information

• ​Let's look at the usage and meaning of the other options.

The correct answer is "budding".

Key Points

• In the given options, the most appropriate answer is 'budding.'
• Nascent: beginning to exist; not yet completely developed.
• Example: Through its nascent stage, the business encountered numerous difficulties.
• Budding: wanting or starting to develop and be successful.
• Example: Do you have any advice for budding talented actors?
• Apparently, the above elucidation shows that the words 'nascent' and 'budding' are similar in meaning.
• Hence, the correct answer is option 1.

Additional Information

• Let's understand the usage and meaning of the other options.

The correct answer is "Monotonousness".

Key Points

• In the given options, the most appropriate answer is 'monotonousness.'
• Zest: a feeling of enjoyment, excitement, and enthusiasm.
• Example: Her zest for adventure is contagious.
• Monotonousness: uninteresting and tiresome, particularly considering how often it occurs; boring.
• Example: The lunches, according to students, were monotonous.
• Apparently, the word "monotonousness" is contradictory to the word "zest".
• Therefore, the correct answer is option 2.

​

Additional Information

• Let's understand the usage and meaning of the other options.

The correct answer is "It always rains at the weekend."

Key Points

• The given sentence is stating a general fact. It is talking about the weather of a particular place.
• The simple present tense is used to describe current ideas and consequences, convey general facts, and provide suggestions for potential future uses.
• Example: The Sun rises in the east.
• That's why the use of the past tense "rained" is incorrect. It must be replaced by "rains".
• Hence, the correct sentence is: It always rains at the weekend.

Additional Information

• Let us take a look at the other options.
• "It always has been raining at the weekend" is incorrect as it is perfect continuous tense.
• "It always was raining at the weekend" is incorrect as it is past continuous tense.
• 'It always rain at the weekend" is incorrect as 's' is required in the present tense.

The correct answer is "Christopher Marlowe was the finest of the Elizabethan writers of tragedy".

Key Points

• The first part of a sentence should be its subject.
• The subject of this sentence is "Christopher Marlowe" so it would be the first part of the sentence.
• The next part must be the helping verb, so "was" is the second part.
• Furthermore, the adjective "the finest" would be the next part.
• Consequently, "of the Elizabethan" and "writers of tragedy" would be the last.
• Therefore, the correct order is: Christopher Marlowe was the finest of the Elizabethan writers of tragedy.

Additional Information

• The most common sentence structure in grammar is:
• Subject + Verb + Object
• Example: Sarika is working as a chef.

The correct answer is "R, P".

Key Points

• As we can see the first sentence (S1) is talking about wealth, so "wealth" is the subject of this passage.
• The S2 sentence should be "It often needs to be transported from place to place" (R) as it is continuing the S1.
• The S3 sentence should be "Some forms of wealth, such as real estate, cannot be transported at all" (P) as it is further talking about the subject (wealth).
• Therefore, the correct order is: R, P​

Additional Information

• The correct order of the paragraph is:
• (S1) In order to use wealth it is not enough just to store it.
• (S2) It often needs to be transported from place to place.
• (S3) Some forms of wealth, such as real estate, cannot be transported at all.
• (S4) Commodities such as wheat and rice can be transported only with difficulty.

The correct answer is "To start a movement"

Key Points

• In the given options, the most appropriate answer is 'to start a movement.'
• Blaze the trail: to perform a unique action that has never been attempted previously; to undertake a new path or begin a new movement.
• Example: For modern physicians, the pioneers of medicine blazed the trail.
• Evidently, the idiom "blaze the trail" means "to start a movement".
• Therefore, the correct answer is option 2.

Additional Information

• Let's have a look at some of the similar idioms with the word "trail"

The correct answer is "hold out an olive branch".

Key Points

• In the given options, the most appropriate answer is 'hold out an olive branch.'
• Hold out an olive branch: demonstrate your desire to put an end to a quarrel or disagreement with someone by doing or saying something.
• Example: Try to behave like a better person and hold out an olive branch to your friend if you catch yourself in a fight.
• Evidently, the given sentence is talking about ending a disagreement so, the idiom "hold out an olive branch" is appropriate for this sentence.
• Therefore, the correct answer is option 4.

​

Additional Information

• Let's understand the implication of the remaining idioms in the options.

The correct answer is "but".

Key Points

• In the given options, the most appropriate answer is 'but.'
• But: used to connect two thoughts or utterances when the second is distinct from the first or looks unexpected after the first.
• Example: He agreed to go on a trip but denied it at the last moment.
• Thus, the word "but" is appropriate for the sentence both grammatically and contextually.
• Hence, the correct answer is option 1.

Additional Information

• Let us take a look at the remaining words given in the options.
• And: to join together two terms, sentences, words, or prefixes.
• Example: Ravi and Kapil are transferring to the new firm.
• So: it functions as a subordinating conjunction to commence consequence or conclusion clauses.
• Example: The journey was very lengthy so, I'm currently really exhausted.
• Nor: used to introduce the second member of a series or any succeeding member, especially after "neither," in negative sentences.
• Example: Neither he nor I will be attending the wedding.

The correct answer is "was"

Key Points

• In the given options, the most appropriate answer is 'was.'
• Was: first and third person singular past indicative of 'be.'
• Example: I was sick last night.
• Hence, the correct answer is option 2.

Additional Information

• Let's have a look at the other options.
• Were: it is used for both the third person plural past tense (they and we) and the second person past tense (you).
• Example: They were at the store.
• Is: it refers to the existence of something.
• Example: He is a painter.
• Are: it is used for second person singular present and first, second, and third person plural present of 'be.'
• Example: Both of them are in the room.

The correct answer is "well"

Key Points

• In the given options, the most appropriate answer is 'well.'
• Well: in a good way.
• Example: The documentary presented both sides of the problem very well.
• Therefore, the correct answer is **option 1.**​

Additional Information

• Let's have a look at the other options.
• Good: very satisfactory, pleasant, enjoyable.
• Example: A good book.
• Very well: likely.
• Example: Stress could very well have triggered the attack.
• Best: of the highest quality, pleasing.
• Example: This is the best meal I have ever had.

The correct answer is "monument"

Key Points

• In the given options, the most appropriate answer is 'monument.'
• Monument: a building that is built to honour a special person or event.
• Example: Parts of the Berlin wall are being allowed to stand as historic monuments.
• Therefore, the correct answer is option 4.

Additional Information

• Let's have a look at the other options.
• Building: a structure with halls and roofs, such as a house or factory.
• Example: The once-empty site was covered now with buildings.
• Palace: a large house that is the official home of a king, queen, etc.
• Example: A presidential palace.
• Destination: the place where someone is going.
• Example: We arrived at our destination tired and hungry.

The correct answer is "be"

Key Points

• In the given options, the most appropriate answer is 'be'
• Be: occur, take place.
• Example: The exhibition will be in November.
• Therefore, the correct answer is option 2.

Additional Information

• Let's have a look at the other options.
• Living: alive now.
• Example: Living organisms.
• Lived: having a certain kind or extent of life.
• Example: He lived only a few days after the accident.
• Being: a person or thing that exists.
• Example:  A nuclear war would kill millions of living beings.

The correct answer is (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv)

Key Points

• A Website is a collection of web pages hosted on a server that provides resources or information on various topics and provides different services to the end users over the internet.
• Websites are located using a URL or universal resource locator and are accessed through web browsers.
• Electronic mail or email is a messaging service used to exchange messages between users over the internet. 
• Examples of email services are Gmail from Google, Yahoo, Outlook from Microsoft, etc.
• Newsgroups are public discussion groups on a particular topic and are used to exchange messages or files over the internet.
• Discussion groups let different users interact in the form of messages over the internet.
• Hence option 2 is correct.

The correct answer is Ctrl + B.

Key Points

• You can format the text or values in Excel to enhance the worksheet viewing experience.
• This includes making the font bold, italic etc.
• The bold option makes the text thicker. You can do it by selecting the cell's contents and going to the Home tab > Font group and the 'B' sign.
• You can also turn the contents bold with a Ctrl + B shortcut. Hence option 4 is correct.

Additional Information

• You can also make the contents italics style by using the Ctrl + I shortcut. The 'I' sign in the font group makes the text italics.
• Ctrl + O shortcut opens an existing Excel workbook.
• Ctrl + Shift + O selects all cells that contain comments.

The correct answer is CHAT.

Key Points

• Instant messaging or chat is a real-time text-based communication that happens over the internet between different users. This can be one-one or one-many.
• An example of instant messaging is WhatsApp.
• Using this, the users can send and receive messages immediately over the internet. Hence option 2 is correct.

Additional Information

• Email is a messaging service used for the exchange of messages between users over the internet. 
• The email services examples are Gmail from Google, Yahoo, Outlook from Microsoft, etc.
• Blogs are interactive pages that the author uploads in the form of articles and the readers have the option to interact using the comment box.
• It is a type of website or webpage, that is updated regularly by the author.

The correct answer is Editor.

Key Points 

• The 'Proofing' group in the 'Review' tab of MS-Word 2010 typically includes features related to proofreading, language checking, and document statistics.
• In MS-Word 2010, the 'Editor' option is not available in the 'Proofing' group of the 'Review' tab.
• The Editor feature was introduced in later versions of MS-Word, such as MS-Word 2016 and MS-Word 365.
• The Editor provides advanced grammar and writing style suggestions, helping users improve their writing by highlighting potential errors and offering suggestions for improvement.
• Therefore, in MS-Word 2010, the 'Editor' option is not present in the 'Proofing' group of the 'Review' tab.

Additional Information

 

• Comment:
• This option allows users to insert comments within the document for collaboration and review purposes.
• Comments can be added to specific sections of the document, allowing users to provide feedback or ask questions.
• Thesaurus:
• This option provides access to the built-in thesaurus in MS-Word.
• It allows users to find synonyms and alternative words for selected text, helping in improving vocabulary and language usage.
• Word Count:
• This option allows users to check the word count, character count, and other statistical information about the document.
• It helps in tracking the length and progress of the document and is useful in meeting specific word count requirements.

The correct answer is Ctrl + E

Key Points

• Alignment changes the way how the values or data in the cells appear and MS Word provides four types of alignment as Right, Left, Center and Justified.
• In Word, the Left alignment is the default alignment.
• ​You can also set the rotation clockwise or anti-clockwise, or change the angle and orientation of the text.
• To align the text center, use the shortcut Ctrl + E. Hence option 4 is correct.
• You can also do it without a shortcut. Select the text, and go to the Home tab > Paragraph group.

Additional Information

• For Right alignment, select the text and choose the option from the Paragraph group in the Home tab or click Ctrl + R shortcut.
• For Left alignment, you can click the Ctrl + L shortcut and for Justify, use Ctrl + J shortcut.

The correct answer is Shift + Spacebar.

Key Points

• In Excel, you can select more than cells at once by choosing the starting cell, holding the shift key and pressing the arrow key.
• If the cells are random or non-adjacent, use the ctrl key and select the cells.
• If you want to select a row, select the row number to select the entire row.
• You can also use a Shift + Spacebar shortcut to select a row. Hence option 2 is correct.

Additional Information

• For the column, select the letter at the top or use Ctrl + Spacebar to select the column.
• To select a complete table, use Ctrl + A.
• Alt + Enter inserts a line break when starting a new line of text or adding space between lines.
• Ctrl + Enter fills the selected cells with the current entry.

The correct answer is FLOOR.

Key Points

• Excel provides a FLOOR function to round the number down, near zero. Hence option 3 is correct.
• Its syntax is FLOOR(number, significance). Here, both arguments are required.
• The number is the input, and significance is the multiple to which you want to round.
• Both arguments must be numeric otherwise this function gives an #VALUE! error.
• If the number is positive and the significance is negative, the function will return #NUM! error value.

Additional Information

• You can also count the number of cells in the array that meets the criteria using the COUNTIF function.
• Its syntax is =COUNTIF(A2:A10, "subject") counts the range of cells with the subject in cells A2 through A10.
• IF function in Excel lets you make logical comparisons between different values. It gives the results as True/False.

The correct answer is Word Processors.

Key Points

• Word processing software is an example of application software.
• Document processing software or Word processing software is used to create digital documents using applications without the need for manual entry in a conventional style.
• It is the most widely used software on a computer, with Microsoft word being the most popular word processor.
• Word processors can create multiple types of files, including text files(.txt), rich text files (.rtf), HTML files (.htm & .html), and word files (.doc & .docx)
• Some word processors can also be used to create XML files (.xml)
• Language Translators, Interpreters and Compilers are compiling software that translates programming language source code to machine-level language that a computer understands.  Hence option 3 is correct.

Additional Information

• Examples of word processing software are Microsoft Word, LibreOffice, Google Docs etc.
• A Compiler, while translating into the machine code, takes the program as a whole whereas an Interpreter translates the program line by line.

The correct answer is Reply All.

Key Points

• Email is a messaging service used for the exchange of messages between users over the internet.
• You can send the message to a single user or multiple users.
• When you receive a message which contains multiple emails in Carbon copy (Cc), you have the option to reply to every user using "Reply All". Hence option 1 is correct.

​

Additional Information

• You can reply to the sender of the mail or forward the mail to other users.
• The Forward All option lets you send the received mail to all users associated with the mail.

The correct answer is Equalize Character Height

Key Points

• You can equalize the character height in the document which is not equal by default.
• To make the character height equal, go to the Home tab > Font group > click the small arrow sign at the bottom of the group > Advanced > Scaling.
• Only Italic, Strikethrough and Bold are located in the font group. Hence option 3 is correct.

Additional Information

• A Strikethrough is a line drawn across the text selected in a cell in the document. It indicates the edits or completed tasks in a list.
• To strikethrough the text: select the text, go to the Home tab > Font group > Strikethrough option.
• The bold option makes the text thicker. You can do it by selecting the cell's contents and going to the Home tab > Font group and the 'B' sign.
• You can also make the contents italics style by using the Ctrl + I shortcut. The 'I' sign in the font group makes the text italics.