Delhi Police Head Constable (Ministerial) 13 Oct 2022 Shift 2 Official Paper (Previous Year Paper)

The correct answer is United Kingdom.

Key Points

• The Parliamentary Form of Government is also known as the Westminster model of government, named after the Palace of Westminster where the British Parliament is situated.
• In this system, the executive branch derives its legitimacy from and is directly accountable to the legislature (Parliament); the executive and legislative branches are thus interconnected.
• India adopted the Parliamentary System from the British due to its familiarity, as India was under British rule for a long period.
• This system includes a dual executive (the Head of State and the Head of Government) with the President of India being the ceremonial head (similar to the British Monarch) and the Prime Minister being the head of government (similar to the British Prime Minister).

Additional Information

• Parliamentary System:
• A system of governance where the executive is accountable to the legislature and the head of the government is distinct from the head of state.
• The head of the government (Prime Minister) must be a member of the legislature and is chosen by the members of the legislature.
• It includes both a President (or Monarch) as a ceremonial head and a Prime Minister as the head of the government.
• Examples of countries with a parliamentary system include the United Kingdom, India, Canada, and Australia.
• Westminster System:
• A form of parliamentary government that developed in the United Kingdom and is used in many of its former colonies.
• It features a sovereign or ceremonial president as the head of state and a prime minister as the head of government.
• The government is dependent on the support of the parliament, particularly the lower house, to remain in power.
• It emphasizes the principle of parliamentary sovereignty, where the legislature is the supreme legal authority.
• Indian Constitution:
• The supreme law of India, laying down the framework for political principles, procedures, and powers of government institutions.
• It establishes the structure, procedures, powers, and duties of government institutions and sets out fundamental rights, directive principles, and the duties of citizens.
• It was adopted on 26th November 1949 and came into effect on 26th January 1950.
• It is the longest written constitution of any sovereign country in the world.

The correct answer is Charles Cornwallis.

Key Points

• The Treaty of Srirangapatnam was signed on 18 March 1792.
• It was signed between Tipu Sultan of Mysore and Charles Cornwallis, the Governor-General of India representing the British East India Company.
• The treaty ended the Third Anglo-Mysore War.
• As per the treaty, Tipu Sultan had to cede half of his territory to the British and their allies and pay a large indemnity.

Additional Information

• Tipu Sultan
• Tipu Sultan was the ruler of the Kingdom of Mysore in South India and a pioneer of rocket artillery.
• He was known as the "Tiger of Mysore" and was a staunch opponent of British colonialism.
• He fought against the British in the First, Second, and Third Anglo-Mysore Wars.
• Charles Cornwallis
• Charles Cornwallis was a British Army officer and colonial administrator.
• He is known for his role in the American Revolutionary War and later served as the Governor-General of India.
• As Governor-General, he implemented significant reforms in the administration of British India, known as the Cornwallis Code.
• Third Anglo-Mysore War
• The Third Anglo-Mysore War (1790-1792) was fought between the British East India Company and the Kingdom of Mysore.
• The war resulted in a decisive British victory and the signing of the Treaty of Srirangapatnam.
• This war significantly weakened Mysore and expanded British influence in southern India.
• Treaty of Srirangapatnam
• The Treaty of Srirangapatnam was signed to end the Third Anglo-Mysore War.
• According to the treaty, Tipu Sultan had to cede half of his kingdom to the British and their allies (the Marathas and the Nizam of Hyderabad).
• Tipu also had to pay a large indemnity and release all prisoners of war.

The correct answer is Germany.

Key Points

• Rourkela Steel Plant (RSP) is the first integrated steel plant in the public sector in India, established with the collaboration of Germany.
• It was set up in Rourkela, Odisha, and was one of the first steel plants in India to be built after independence.
• The plant was established in 1955 and started production in 1959.
• RSP was developed with the assistance of the German steel manufacturing company, Fried Krupp AG.

Additional Information

• Integrated Steel Plant:
• An integrated steel plant is a factory that includes all the processes necessary to produce steel from raw materials.
• These processes include coking, sintering, iron making, steelmaking, casting, and rolling.
• Integrated plants are usually large and involve complex production processes.
• Public Sector Undertaking (PSU):
• PSUs are government-owned corporations or state-owned enterprises created by the government to undertake commercial activities on behalf of the government.
• These enterprises are often involved in key industries such as steel, mining, and infrastructure.
• Steel Authority of India Limited (SAIL):
• SAIL is one of the largest steel-making companies in India and one of the Maharatnas of the country's Central Public Sector Enterprises.
• It owns and operates five integrated steel plants, including Rourkela Steel Plant, and three special steel plants.
• SAIL was established in 1954 and has been instrumental in the industrial development of India.
• Fried Krupp AG:
• Fried Krupp AG was a major German steel manufacturer and arms producer.
• The company played a significant role in the industrialization of Germany and collaborated with various countries for industrial projects.
• Today, it is part of the ThyssenKrupp conglomerate, which is a diversified industrial group with a focus on steel production and engineering.

The correct answer is Tamil Nadu.

Key Points

• The Tamil Nadu Government announced the setting up of a separate wing for organic farming under the Agriculture Department in their annual budget in August 2021.
• This initiative aims to promote organic farming practices and ensure sustainable agricultural practices in the state.
• The government plans to support farmers transitioning from conventional to organic farming by providing training, certification, and marketing assistance.
• Tamil Nadu's move to establish a separate wing for organic farming is part of a broader strategy to enhance agricultural productivity and sustainability.

Additional Information

• Organic Farming:
• Organic farming is an agricultural method that relies on natural processes, biodiversity, and cycles adapted to local conditions, rather than the use of synthetic inputs such as chemical fertilizers and pesticides.
• It aims to sustain and enhance the health of ecosystems and organisms from the smallest in the soil to human beings.
• Organic farming practices include crop rotation, green manures and compost, biological pest control, and mechanical cultivation to maintain soil productivity and control pests.
• Certification of organic products ensures that they meet strict national standards for production, processing, and labeling.
• Agriculture Department:
• The Agriculture Department is a government body responsible for the development and implementation of policies, programs, and initiatives related to agriculture and farming.
• Its objectives include increasing agricultural productivity, ensuring food security, promoting sustainable farming practices, and supporting farmers through various schemes and subsidies.
• The department also plays a crucial role in research and development, extension services, and providing training and technical assistance to farmers.
• It collaborates with various stakeholders, including research institutions, non-governmental organizations, and international agencies, to achieve its goals.

The correct answer is Government final consumption expenditure.

Key Points

• Government final consumption expenditure (GFCE) is the total government spending on goods and services that are consumed by individuals or communities to satisfy their immediate needs and wants.
• This includes expenditure on defense, public administration, law and order, education, health services, and other social services.
• GFCE is a component of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) from the expenditure approach.
• It highlights the government’s role in providing public goods and services to maintain the welfare and security of the population.

Additional Information

• Private final consumption expenditure (PFCE)
• PFCE is the total expenditure by households and non-profit institutions serving households on goods and services to meet their daily needs.
• This includes spending on food, clothing, housing, health care, education, and other personal services.
• Fixed capital expenditure
• Fixed capital expenditure refers to the purchase of fixed assets such as buildings, machinery, and equipment by businesses and governments for long-term use.
• This expenditure is considered an investment in the productive capacity of the economy.
• Government investment
• Government investment includes spending on infrastructure, research and development, and other projects that contribute to the long-term growth and development of the economy.
• It is also known as capital formation by the government.

The correct answer is Intensive Agriculture District Programme.

Key Points

• The Intensive Agriculture District Programme (IADP) was launched in 1960 as part of India's efforts to increase agricultural productivity.
• It was initially implemented in select districts with potential for high agricultural productivity.
• The program aimed to provide intensive support through better seeds, fertilizers, irrigation, and other modern agricultural practices.
• The success of the IADP laid the groundwork for subsequent agricultural development programs in India.

Additional Information

• Green Revolution
• The Green Revolution refers to a period when agriculture in India was transformed by the introduction of high-yielding varieties of seeds and the increased use of chemical fertilizers and irrigation.
• This movement began in the 1960s and aimed to make India self-sufficient in food grains.
• It significantly increased the production of wheat and rice, reducing India's dependence on food imports.
• However, it also led to issues like soil degradation, water scarcity, and increased use of pesticides.
• White Revolution
• The White Revolution, also known as Operation Flood, was launched in 1970 to make India the largest producer of milk and dairy products.
• It was spearheaded by Dr. Verghese Kurien, often referred to as the "Father of the White Revolution."
• The program aimed at increasing milk production, augmenting rural incomes, and providing fair prices for consumers.
• It led to the establishment of the National Dairy Development Board (NDDB).
• Blue Revolution
• The Blue Revolution refers to the initiatives taken to increase aquaculture and fish production in India.
• It aimed at improving the livelihood of fishermen and boosting the production of fish and other aquatic products.
• The program included the development of infrastructure, better management practices, and the promotion of sustainable fishing techniques.
• It played a significant role in enhancing the contribution of the fisheries sector to the national economy.
• Yellow Revolution
• The Yellow Revolution refers to the increase in oilseed production in India to achieve self-sufficiency in edible oils.
• It was launched in the 1980s as part of the National Oilseeds and Vegetable Oils Development (NOVOD) Board's initiatives.
• The revolution focused on the production of mustard, sunflower, soybean, and groundnut.
• It aimed to reduce India's dependence on imported edible oils and ensure the availability of affordable cooking oil for the population.

The correct answer is 1921 - 1951.

Key Points

• The period from 1921 to 1951 in India is often referred to as the period of 'steady population growth'.
• During this period, the population growth rate was relatively stable compared to other periods which experienced more drastic changes.
• This period marked the beginning of modern demographic transitions in India, with improvements in healthcare and a decrease in mortality rates.
• The steady growth was influenced by a combination of factors including economic conditions, public health measures, and societal changes.

Additional Information

• Demographic Transition:
• The demographic transition model describes population change over time as a country develops from a pre-industrial to an industrialized economic system.
• It involves four stages: pre-transition (high birth and death rates), transition (decline in death rates followed by decline in birth rates), post-transition (low birth and death rates), and post-industrial (population stabilization or decline).
• Factors Influencing Population Growth:
• Economic conditions: Better economic conditions lead to improved living standards, which can affect birth and death rates.
• Healthcare: Advances in medical science and public health measures reduce mortality rates.
• Education: Higher levels of education, especially among women, often lead to lower birth rates.
• Government policies: Family planning programs and other policies can directly influence population growth rates.
• Population Growth Rate:
• The population growth rate is the rate at which the number of individuals in a population increases in a given time period as a fraction of the initial population.
• It is typically expressed as a percentage and can be influenced by birth rates, death rates, immigration, and emigration.
• Public Health Measures:
• Public health measures such as vaccination programs, sanitation, and clean water supply play a significant role in reducing mortality rates and improving overall health.
• These measures contribute to a more stable population growth by decreasing the number of deaths due to preventable diseases.

The correct answer is Shovana Narayan.

Key Points

• Shovana Narayan is a renowned Indian Kathak dancer and choreographer.
• She has been honored with several awards, including the Padma Shri and the Sangeet Natak Akademi Award.
• She has authored several books on Kathak, including 'Rhythmic Echoes and Reflections: Kathak', which provides deep insights into the dance form.
• Shovana Narayan has played a significant role in popularizing Kathak both in India and internationally.

Additional Information

• Kathak Dance
• Kathak is one of the eight classical dance forms of India, known for its intricate footwork, spins, and expressive gestures and facial expressions.
• The word 'Kathak' is derived from the word 'Katha', which means 'story' in Sanskrit, reflecting the dance form's origins as a storytelling art.
• Kathak has three major schools or 'gharanas' - Lucknow, Jaipur, and Banaras, each with its own unique style and techniques.
• This dance form traditionally involves a solo dancer, but group performances and duets are also common. It is often performed to classical Indian music, including the tabla and harmonium.
• Padma Shri
• The Padma Shri is the fourth highest civilian award in India, awarded to citizens for distinguished contributions in various fields including arts, education, industry, literature, science, sports, medicine, social service, and public affairs.
• It was instituted in 1954 and is awarded by the Government of India.
• Recipients of the Padma Shri are announced annually on India's Republic Day (26th January).
• Sangeet Natak Akademi Award
• The Sangeet Natak Akademi Award is the highest Indian recognition given to practicing artists for their outstanding contribution to the field of performing arts.
• It is awarded by the Sangeet Natak Akademi, India's National Academy for Music, Dance, and Drama.
• The award was first given in 1952 and includes a citation, a plaque, and a cash prize.

The correct answer is Nine.

Key Points

• A total of 9 sports persons were honoured with Padma Awards in 2022 for their contribution to sports.
• The Padma Awards are one of the highest civilian honours of India, instituted in the year 1954.
• The Awards are given in three categories, namely, Padma Vibhushan, Padma Bhushan, and Padma Shri.
• The awards are announced on the occasion of Republic Day every year.

Additional Information

• Padma Awards
• The Padma Awards are given in three categories:
• Padma Vibhushan – for exceptional and distinguished service.
• Padma Bhushan – for distinguished service of a high order.
• Padma Shri – for distinguished service in any field.
• The awards are announced on Republic Day and are conferred by the President of India at ceremonial functions held at Rashtrapati Bhawan usually around March/April every year.
• The award seeks to recognize achievements in all fields of activities or disciplines where an element of public service is involved.
• Selection Process
• All nominations received for Padma Awards are placed before the Padma Awards Committee, constituted by the Prime Minister every year.
• The recommendations of the committee are submitted to the Prime Minister and the President of India for approval.
• It is important to note that the awards do not include posthumous awards except in highly deserving cases.
• Historical Context
• The Padma Awards have been given since 1954 but were not awarded in the years 1978, 1979, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, and 1997.
• The awards are given for distinguished and exceptional achievements/service in all fields of activities/disciplines, such as art, literature and education, sports, medicine, social work, science and engineering, public affairs, civil service, trade and industry, etc.

The correct answer is Blue sheep.

Key Points

• The Blue sheep, also known as Bharal, is not considered a rare species.
• It is commonly found in the high Himalayan ranges of Nepal, Bhutan, India, Tibet, and Pakistan.
• Blue sheep are well-adapted to their rugged habitat and are relatively numerous in their range.
• They are often preyed upon by the snow leopard, which is a rare and endangered species.

Additional Information

• The Himalayan brown bear
• The Himalayan brown bear is a rare species found in the northern regions of India, Pakistan, Nepal, and Tibet.
• They are listed as endangered due to habitat loss and poaching.
• Wild Asiatic buffalo
• The Wild Asiatic buffalo, also known as the Asian water buffalo, is an endangered species.
• They are found in the wild in Southeast Asia and the Indian subcontinent.
• Habitat destruction and hybridization with domestic buffalo are major threats to their population.
• Desert fox
• The Desert fox, also known as the Indian fox or Bengal fox, is not as rare as the other species listed but is still considered vulnerable.
• It is found in the arid and semi-arid regions of India and Pakistan.
• Habitat loss and hunting are significant threats to its survival.

The correct answer is 70%.

Key Points

• The following are some of the key components of the 2018 E-waste (Management) Amendment Rules:
• From October 1, 2017, EPR e-waste collection targets will change. The EPR Plan's weight-based e-waste collection targets are 10% of waste generation in 2017-18 and 10% every year through 2023. The EPR Plan sets a 70% waste generation target after 2023.
• Up until March 2018, the revised EPR targets will take into account the amount of e-waste collected by producers from October 1, 2016 to September 30, 2017.
• For new producers, which are those whose number of years in business is less than the average life of their products, different e-waste collection goals have been set. The average life of the products will be based on the rules that CPCB puts out every so often.
• Producer Responsibility Organizations (PROs) must apply for registration with the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) in order to carry out the tasks outlined in the Rules.
• According to the Reduction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS) rules, the government is responsible for covering the cost of sampling and testing in order to carry out the RoHS test. The cost of the test will be covered by the Producers if the product does not comply with RoHS standards.

Additional Information

• According to Dr. Harsh Vardhan, Union Minister for Environment, Forest, and Climate Change, the Government has modified the E-waste (Management) Rules to enable and successfully implement the environmentally sound management of e-waste in India.
• In order to formalize the e-waste recycling sector, Dr. Vardhan emphasized that the purpose of the rule change was to divert E-waste created in the country to authorized dismantlers and recyclers.
• He emphasized that the Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) provision's collection targets have been updated, and targets have been added for new producers who have just begun their sales operations.

The correct answer is Manesar.

Key Points

• Virtual Smart Grid Knowledge Center (Virtual SGKC)
• ​The Virtual Smart Grid Knowledge Center (Virtual SGKC), a first-of-its-kind effort by the Union government, is situated inside the power grid centre in Manesar (Haryana).
• As a component of the Azadi ka Amrit Mahotsav Program, the effort will rank among the world's top Centers of Excellence for Innovation, Entrepreneurship, and Research in Smart Grid Technologies.
• It was set up by POWERGRID with help from the Union Ministry of Power and technical support from the US Agency for International Development (USAID).
• It was set up in order to demonstrate and advance cutting-edge smart grid technology.
• SGKC aspires to be one of the world's foremost Centers of Excellence for fostering innovation, entrepreneurship, and research in smart grid technologies.
• It also aims to build up the power distribution sector.
• The physical structure of SGKC will be able to leave a digital trail, which was necessary during the Covid-19 pandemic.

Additional Information

• Smart Grid
• ​Smart Grid is an electrical grid with automation, communication, and IT systems that can track the flow of electricity from where it is made to where it is used.
• It can also control the flow of electricity or reduce the load to match the amount of electricity made in real time or very close to real time.
• The implementation of effective transmission and distribution systems, system operations, consumer integration, and renewable integration can lead to the development of smart grids.

The correct answer is Stamp duty

Key Points

• Stamp duty is a tax that the state government charges people who sell or own property.
• It is payable in accordance with Section 3 of the Indian Stamp Act of 1899.
• The stamp duty period at the time of registration will be determined by the value of the house/property.
• It also varies depending on whether the property is new or old, as well as the state or area in which it is located.
• The stamp duty payment must be made in full.
• Fines will be imposed if the stamp duty collection is not completed on time.
• It is a legal document with significance that can be presented as evidence in court.
• Insufficient payment of stamp duty will result in a penalty of 2% per month, up to a maximum of 200% of the amount due.

Additional Information

• Custom duty
• ​Customs duty is an indirect tax levied on both imports and exports of goods and services.
• Import duty refers to the tax imposed on the import of goods and services, while Export duty refers to the tax imposed on the export of goods and services.
• The government imposed these levies on the export and import of products and services in order to raise funds and safeguard domestic businesses from foreign rivals.
• Excise duty
• ​The Central Government of India levies excise duty as a sort of indirect tax on the production, sale, or license of certain commodities.
• State governments also collect excise duties on alcoholic beverages and narcotics.
• Income tax
• ​The government levies an income tax on the earnings of individuals and corporations within a fiscal year.
• Taxes produce revenue for the government.
• This money is allocated to infrastructure development, healthcare, education, farm subsidies, and other welfare initiatives. There are two types of taxes, which are direct taxes and indirect taxes.

The correct answer is Gorakhpur Urban.

Key Points

• By holding onto power in Uttar Pradesh for a second consecutive term, Yogi Adityanath and the BJP create history.
• Yogi Adityanath, the chief minister of Uttar Pradesh (UP), won the Gorakhpur Urban constituency's Assembly election on March 10, 2022, by a margin of 62,057 votes.
• Adityanath (with 1,20,610 votes) faced Samajwadi Party (SP) Sabhawati Shukla (47,232 votes), Bahujan Samaj Party (BSP) Khwaja Shamsuddin (6,367 votes), Bhim Army head Chandrashekhar Azad Ravan (6,139 votes), and Congress' Chetna Pandey (1,942 votes).

The correct answer is Estrogen.

Key Points

• Estrogens are a set of hormones that play a crucial part in the natural development of a woman's sexuality as well as her reproductive capabilities.
• They are also known as sex hormones.
• The majority of estrogen hormones are produced by a woman's ovaries, however, small amounts are also produced by the adrenal glands and fat cells.
• Estrogen influences the reproductive system, the urinary tract, the heart and blood vessels, the bones, the breasts, the skin, the hair, the mucous membranes, the pelvic muscles, and the brain in addition to controlling the menstrual cycle.​

Additional Information

• Testosterone
• ​A hormone called testosterone is present in both humans and other animals.
• n men, testosterone is predominantly produced in the testicles.
• Though in much smaller amounts, testosterone is also produced by women's ovaries.
• Cortisol
• ​The adrenal glands, which are located on top of your kidneys, are responsible for the production and secretion of the steroid hormone known as cortisol.
• Cortisol has a variety of effects on the body, but its primary function is to assist in the regulation of the response of the body to stress.
• Progesterone
• ​Progesterone is a naturally occurring hormone in the body.
• It has a role in pregnancy and is mostly produced by the ovaries.
• It is also produced in laboratories.

The correct answer is Banawali.

Key Points

• Banawali is an ancient site of the Indus Valley Civilization, located in the Fatehabad district of Haryana, India.
• It is a significant archaeological site that has provided valuable insights into the Harappan culture and its agricultural practices.
• The discovery of a terracotta plough at Banawali indicates the advanced agricultural techniques used by the Harappan people.
• Banawali has also yielded other artifacts such as pottery, seals, and tools that highlight the urban planning and craftsmanship of the civilization.

Additional Information

• Harappan Civilization
• The Harappan Civilization, also known as the Indus Valley Civilization, was one of the world's earliest urban civilizations, flourishing around 2600-1900 BCE.
• It extended over a vast area covering parts of modern-day India, Pakistan, and Afghanistan.
• The civilization is known for its advanced urban planning, architecture, and social organization.
• Major sites of the Harappan Civilization include Harappa, Mohenjo-Daro, Dholavira, Lothal, and Rakhigarhi.
• Terracotta Artifacts
• Terracotta refers to a type of earthenware made from clay that is fired at low temperatures.
• It was commonly used by ancient civilizations for making a variety of objects, including pottery, figurines, and tools.
• The discovery of terracotta artifacts at archaeological sites provides valuable information about the daily life, culture, and technological advancements of ancient societies.
• Agricultural Practices in the Harappan Civilization
• The Harappan people practiced advanced agricultural techniques, including the use of ploughs, irrigation systems, and crop rotation.
• They cultivated a variety of crops such as wheat, barley, peas, and cotton.
• The presence of granaries at several Harappan sites indicates surplus production and storage of food grains.

The correct answer is Odisha.

Key Points

• Ekamra Utsav is held annually in Bhubaneshwar, the capital of Odisha, in order to showcase the rich cultural history of this vibrant state.
• It is a ten-day celebration that is dedicated to Lord Shiva.
• This Odisha event is held annually at Janata Maidan in Bhubaneswar during the first week of November.
• Ekamra Utsav is a festival that focuses on several disciplines and aims to promote Odisha's textile industry and cultural heritage in the most vibrant manner.
• As part of the festivities for this well-known festival, food stalls, handicrafts, and handloom displays, as well as folk dances and puppet shows depicting themes from Indian epics such as the Mahabharata and the Ramayana, are organized.
• This event in Odisha is enlivened by the Ranpa, Paika Akhada, Ghoda Nach, Dandanritya, Ghjumura, Chhau, and Sambalpuri dance styles.

The correct answer is military commanders.

Key Points

• The Amara-Nayaka system was the Vijayanagar Empire's most significant governmental innovation.
• Numerous aspects of this system were presumably drawn from the IQTA system of the Delhi Sultanate.
• The Amara-Nayakas were military commanders who were put in charge of certain areas.
• They took taxes and other payments from farmers, artisans, and merchants in the area.
• They maintained a portion of their revenue for their own use and to maintain the required number of horses and elephants.
• These contingents gave the Vijayanagara rulers with a formidable war force, which they used to subjugate the entire southern peninsula.
• A portion of the earnings was also utilized to maintain temples and irrigation systems.
• The Amara-Nayaks paid yearly tribute to the kings and individually presented gifts to the royal court to show their royal status.
• Occasionally, kings exercised authority over them by moving them from one location to another.

The correct answer is 34th Bengal Native Infantry.

Key Points

• Mangal Pandey was born in Akbarpur, India, on July 19, 1827.
• He died in Barrackpore, India, on April 8, 1857.
• Mangal Pandey was an Indian soldier who attacked British officers on March 29, 1857.
• This was the first major event in what became known as the Indian Mutiny or the Sepoy Mutiny.
• According to some sources, Mangal Pandey joined the British East India Company army in 1849 after being recruited by a brigade that marched past him.
• He was enlisted as a soldier (sepoy) in the 6th Company of the 34th Bengal Native Infantry, which comprised a significant number of Brahmans.

The correct answer is Industrialisation.

Key Points

• There are various factors that influence population distribution around the world.
• These factors can be put into four main groups: geographical factors, social factors, cultural factors, and economic factors.
• Geographical Factors- Here are several examples:
• Topography- Compared to plateaus and mountains, plains are home to more people. This is so because agriculture does better on plains. Additionally, the flat landscape also makes it easier to move around and build towns.
• Climate- People choose to reside in areas with moderate, equable weather. In comparison, places having both extreme heat and extreme cold are much less populous.
• Soils- Fertile soils are more densely populated than non-arable soils since agriculture is one of the oldest and most frequent vocations worldwide. River valleys are the most inhabited areas in all countries because of this.
• Water- People are more inclined to dwell in places with abundant freshwater. Another reason river valleys are densely populated.
• Minerals—All industries use minerals. Thus, mineral-rich areas attract industry and people.
• Social factors- Better housing, health, education, and transportation increase population.
• Cultural factors- People tend to congregate in and around landmarks of deep cultural or religious importance.
• Economic factors- The number of people living in a place is also affected by economic factors, such as the number of jobs available and the cost of living.

Additional Information

• The distribution of a place's population relates to the number of inhabitants.
• Alternatively known as population density.
• It is determined based on the average number of inhabitants per square kilometre.

Given:

Distance between two cities = 90 km.

Time taken on the up journey = 2 hours.

Time taken on the down journey = 3 hours.

Formula Used:

Average speed = Total distance traveled / Total Time

Calculation:

Total Distance = 90 km + 90 km = 180 km

Total Time = 2 hours + 3 hours = 5 hours

Average Speed = Total distance traveled / Total Time

Average Speed = 180 km / 5 hours

Average Speed = 36 km/h

The average speed of the train in the given whole journey is 36 km/h.

Given:

Marked price of the wallet = Rs. 840

Selling price after discounts = Rs. 535.50

First discount = 15%

Formula Used:

Selling price after first discount = Marked price × (1 - First discount)

Selling price after second discount = Selling price after first discount × (1 - Second discount)

Calculation:

Selling price after first discount = 840 × (1 - 0.15)

Selling price after first discount = 840 × 0.85

Selling price after first discount = 714

Selling price after second discount = 714 × (1 - Second discount)

535.50 = 714 × (1 - Second discount)

⇒ 1 - Second discount = 535.50 / 714

⇒ 1 - Second discount = 0.75

⇒ Second discount = 1 - 0.75

⇒ Second discount = 0.25

Second discount is 25%.

Calculation:

From the data:

July: 3150

August: 3200

September: 4450

October: 3750

November: 4300

The smallest value is 3150 (July).

∴ The number of books issued was minimum in July.

Shortcut Trick

To find the greatest possible length, we need the HCF of 360, 800, and 1550.

Check the options: 15, 9, 12, and 10.

360, 800, and 1550 all end in 0, so they are divisible by 10.

800 is not divisible by 9, 12, or 15 (since 800 ÷ 3 is not an integer).

Thus, 10 is the only common factor among the options.

∴ The correct answer is 10 cm.

Alternate Method

Given: Lengths are 360 cm, 800 cm, and 1550 cm.

Formula Used: Greatest length = HCF (Highest Common Factor) of given values.

⇒ Prime factorization of 360 = 2³ × 3² × 5¹

⇒ Prime factorization of 800 = 2⁵ × 5²

⇒ Prime factorization of 1550 = 2¹ × 5² × 31¹

⇒ HCF = 2¹ × 5¹ (lowest powers of common prime factors)

⇒ HCF = 10 cm

∴ The correct answer is 10 cm.

Additional Information

HCF (Highest Common Factor)

The largest number that divides two or more numbers without leaving a remainder. Used for finding maximum capacity or greatest length.

LCM (Least Common Multiple)

The smallest number which is exactly divisible by each of the given numbers. Used for simultaneous events like bells ringing together.

HCF and LCM Relation

For two numbers a and b: Product of numbers (a × b) = HCF(a, b) × LCM(a, b).

Given:

A is twice as efficient as B.

A + B take the same time as C + D.

C can complete the work in 15 days.

D can complete the work in 20 days.

Formula used:

Work efficiency = 1 / time taken.

Total work = LCM of individual work times.

Work done per day by combined workers = sum of individual efficiencies.

Calculation:

Efficiency of C = 1/15.

Efficiency of D = 1/20.

Combined efficiency of C + D = 1/15 + 1/20 = (4 + 3)/60 = 7/60.

Since A + B are as efficient as C + D, combined efficiency of A + B = 7/60.

A is twice as efficient as B. Let efficiency of B = ×, then efficiency of A = 2×.

Total efficiency of A + B = 2× + × = 3×.

⇒ 3× = 7/60.

⇒ × = (7/60) / 3 = 7/180.

Efficiency of A = 2× = 2 × (7/180) = 14/180 = 7/90.

Time taken by A to finish the work alone = 1 / efficiency of A.

⇒ Time = 1 / (7/90) = 90/7 days.

∴ A alone can finish the work in appro×imately 90/7 days.

Given:

Perimeter of an isosceles right-angled triangle = 49 m

Formula Used:

For an isosceles right-angled triangle, the sides are in the ratio 1:1:2–√1:1:2–√1:1:2–√1:1:2

.

Let each of the equal sides be aaaa

. Then the hypotenuse is a2–√a2–√a2–√a2

.

Perimeter = a+a+a2–√=49a+a+a2–√=49a+a+a2–√=49a+a+a2=49

Area = 12×base×height12×base×height12×base×height12×base×height

Calculation:

⇒ 2a+a2–√=492a+a2–√=492a+a2–√=492a+a2=49

⇒ a(2+2–√)=49a(2+2–√)=49a(2+2–√)=49a(2+2)=49

⇒ a=492+2√a=492+2√a=492+2√a=492+2

Rationalize the denominator:

⇒ a=492+2√×2−2√2−2√a=492+2√×2−2√2−2√a=492+2√×2−2√2−2√a=492+2×2−22−2

⇒ a=49(2−2√)(2+2√)(2−2√)a=49(2−2√)(2+2√)(2−2√)a=49(2−2√)(2+2√)(2−2√)a=49(2−2)(2+2)(2−2)

⇒ a=49(2−2√)4−2a=49(2−2√)4−2a=49(2−2√)4−2a=49(2−2)4−2

⇒ a=49(2−2√)2a=49(2−2√)2a=49(2−2√)2a=49(2−2)2

⇒ a=24.5(2−2–√)a=24.5(2−2–√)a=24.5(2−2–√)a=24.5(2−2)

Area = 12×a×a12×a×a12×a×a12×a×a

Area = 12×(24.5(2−2–√))×(24.5(2−2–√))12×(24.5(2−2–√))×(24.5(2−2–√))12×(24.5(2−2–√))×(24.5(2−2–√))12×(24.5(2−2))×(24.5(2−2))

⇒ Area = 12×24.5×24.5×(2−2–√)×(2−2–√)12×24.5×24.5×(2−2–√)×(2−2–√)12×24.5×24.5×(2−2–√)×(2−2–√)12×24.5×24.5×(2−2)×(2−2)

⇒ Area = 12×24.5×24.5×(4−42–√+2)12×24.5×24.5×(4−42–√+2)12×24.5×24.5×(4−42–√+2)12×24.5×24.5×(4−42+2)

⇒ Area = 12×24.5×24.5×6−42–√12×24.5×24.5×6−42–√12×24.5×24.5×6−42–√12×24.5×24.5×6−42

Using approximate value for 2–√≈1.4142–√≈1.4142–√≈1.4142≈1.414

⇒ Area = 12×24.5×24.5×(6−4×1.414)12×24.5×24.5×(6−4×1.414)12×24.5×24.5×(6−4×1.414)12×24.5×24.5×(6−4×1.414)

⇒ Area = 12×24.5×24.5×(6−5.656)12×24.5×24.5×(6−5.656)12×24.5×24.5×(6−5.656)12×24.5×24.5×(6−5.656)

⇒ Area = 12×24.5×24.5×0.34412×24.5×24.5×0.34412×24.5×24.5×0.34412×24.5×24.5×0.344

⇒ Area = 12×24.5×24.5×0.34412×24.5×24.5×0.34412×24.5×24.5×0.34412×24.5×24.5×0.344

⇒ Area ≈ 102.98 m²

The area of the triangle is approximately 102.98 m².

Given:

Radius of the circle, r = 36 cm

Area of the sector = 144π cm²

Formula Used:

Area of sector = (θ / 360) × π × r²

Length of the arc, L = (θ / 360) × 2πr

Calculation:

Given area of the sector, 144π cm²:

⇒ (θ / 360) × π × 36² = 144π

⇒ (θ / 360) × π × 1296 = 144π

⇒ (θ / 360) × 1296 = 144

⇒ θ / 360 = 144 / 1296

⇒ θ / 360 = 1 / 9

⇒ θ = 360 / 9

⇒ θ = 40

Now, calculating the length of the arc:

Length of the arc, L = (θ / 360) × 2πr

⇒ L = (40 / 360) × 2π × 36

⇒ L = (1 / 9) × 2π × 36

⇒ L = 8π cm

The length of the corresponding arc of the sector is 8π cm.

Given:

Downstream distance = 72 km

Downstream time = 9 hours

Upstream distance = 42 km

Average speed of boat = 7 km/h

Formula Used:

Time = Distance / Speed

Calculation:

Speed downstream = Distance downstream / Time downstream

Speed downstream = 72 km / 9 hours

Speed downstream = 8 km/h

The speed of the stream = Speed downstream - Speed of boat

Speed of the stream = 8 km/h - 7 km/h

Speed of the stream = 1 km/h

Speed upstream = Speed of boat - Speed of the stream

Speed upstream = 7 km/h - 1 km/h

Speed upstream = 6 km/h

Time upstream = Distance upstream / Speed upstream

Time upstream = 42 km / 6 km/h

Time upstream = 7 hours

The boat will be rowed up the river for 42 km in 7 hours.

Given:

Total profit = Rs 7.76

Anand bought 950 g instead of 1 kg at Rs 25.

Sakshi bought X g instead of 1 kg at Rs 25.

Cost price of guava = Rs 22 per kg.

Formula used:

Profit = Total Selling Price - Total Cost Price

1 g price of guava = Rs 22 / 1000

Profit per weight = Selling price - Cost price

Calculation:

Profit from Anand

Anand paid for 1 kg but received only 950 g.

Profit from 50 g: 50 × (22 / 1000) = Rs 1.1

Selling price for 1 kg at Rs 25: Profit from Anand = Rs 25 - Rs 22 + Rs 1.1 = Rs 3 + Rs 1.1 = Rs 4.1

Profit from Sakshi

Total profit = Rs 7.76. Left profit after Anand = 7.76 - 4.1 = Rs 3.66

Sakshi's profit = Rs 3 + Rs 0.66 (due to selling less weight)

Let Sakshi sell X g instead of 1 kg (1000 g).

Cost price for Rs 0.66 = 0.66 × (1000 / 22) = 30 g

Therefore, Sakshi sold 1000 - 30 = 970 g.

∴ The value of X is 970 g.

Given:

x + y + z = 14

xy + yz + xz = 44

xyz = 96

Formula used:

$x^3 + y^3 + z^3 - 3xyz = (x + y + z)(x^2 + y^2 + z^2 - xy - yz - xz)$

$x^3 + y^3 + z^3 = (x + y + z)(x^2 + y^2 + z^2 - xy - yz - xz) + 3xyz$

Calculation:

Compute $x^2 + y^2 + z^2$

$(x + y + z)^2 = x^2 + y^2 + z^2 + 2(xy + yz + xz)$

$x^2 + y^2 + z^2 = (14)^2 - 2(44)$

$x^2 + y^2 + z^2 = 196 - 88 = 108$

Substitute values into the formula:

$x^3 + y^3 + z^3 = (x + y + z)(x^2 + y^2 + z^2 - xy - yz - xz) + 3xyz$

$x^3 + y^3 + z^3 = 14(108 - 44) + 3(96)$

$x^3 + y^3 + z^3 = 14(64) + 288$

$x^3 + y^3 + z^3 = 896 + 288$

$x^3 + y^3 + z^3 = 1184$

∴ The value of $x^3 + y^3 + z^3$ is 1184.

Given:

The first five prime numbers are 2, 3, 5, 7, and 11.

Formula Used:

Sum of the first n prime numbers = Prime₁ + Prime₂ + Prime₃ + ... + Prime_n

Calculation:

Sum of the first five prime numbers:

Prime₁ = 2

Prime₂ = 3

Prime₃ = 5

Prime₄ = 7

Prime₅ = 11

Sum = 2 + 3 + 5 + 7 + 11

⇒ Sum = 28

The sum of the first five prime numbers is 28.

Given:

A sum becomes 16 times in 4 years at compound interest.

Formula Used:

Compound Interest Formula: A=P(1+R100)nA=P(1+R100)nA=P(1+R100)nA=P(1+R100)n

Where,

A = Final amount

P = Principal amount

R = Annual interest rate

n = Number of years

Calculation:

Given that the amount becomes 16 times in 4 years, so A = 16P and n = 4.

16P=P(1+R100)416P=P(1+R100)416P=P(1+R100)416P=P(1+R100)4

Dividing both sides by P:

16=(1+R100)416=(1+R100)416=(1+R100)416=(1+R100)4

Taking the fourth root of both sides to solve for R:

16‾‾‾√4=1+R10016−−√4=1+R10016−−√4=1+R100164=1+R100

⇒ 2 = 1 + $\frac{R}{100}$

⇒ 2 - 1 = $\frac{R}{100}$

⇒ 1 = $\frac{R}{100}$

⇒ R = 100

The correct answer is option 1.

Given:

$\frac{\cos(x+A)}{a} = \frac{\cos(x+2A)}{b} = \frac{\cos(x+3A)}{c}$

A = 60°, x = 15°

Concept used:

cos 75° =cos (90° - 15°) = sin 15°

cos 135° = cos (90° + 45°) = - sin 45° = -1/√2

cos 195° = cos (180° + 15°) = - cos 15°

Calculation:

$\frac{\cos(x+A)}{a} = \frac{\cos(x+2A)}{b} = \frac{\cos(x+3A)}{c}$ = 1/k

a = k cos (x + A) = k cos (15° + 60°) = k cos 75° = k sin 15°

b = k cos (x + 2A) = k cos (15° + 120°) = k cos 135° = k (- 1/√2) = - k/√2

c = k cos (x + 3A) = k cos (15° + 180°) = k cos 195° = - k cos 15°

Now,

$\rm \left( \frac{a + c}{b} \right) ^2+\left( \frac{a - c}{b} \right)^2$

⇒ 1/b² [(a + c)² + (a - c)²]

⇒ 1/b2 [(a² + c² + 2ac + a² + c2 - 2ac)]

⇒ 1/b2 [2a² + 2c²]

⇒ 2/b2 [a² + c²]

⇒ 2/(-k/√2)² [(k sin 15°)² + (k cos 15°)²]

⇒ 2/(k2/2) [(k² (sin² 15° + cos² 15°)]

⇒ 4/k² [k² × 1]

⇒ 4/k2 × k² = 4

∴ The correct answer is option (3).

Shortcut Trick

Ratio of Total Surface Area (TSA) to Lateral Surface Area (LSA) of a cube is 6 : 4 or 3 : 2.

Given TSA = 3456 cm² (which represents 3 units).

⇒ 1 unit = 3456 ÷ 3 = 1152 cm².

⇒ LSA = 2 units = 2 × 1152 = 2304 cm².

∴ The correct answer is 2304 cm².

Alternate Method

Given:

Total Surface Area (TSA) of the cube = 3456 cm²

Formula Used:

⇒ TSA of a cube = 6a²

⇒ Lateral Surface Area (LSA) of a cube = 4a²

Calculations:

⇒ 6a² = 3456

⇒ a² = 3456 ÷ 6

⇒ a² = 576

⇒ a = √576 = 24 cm

⇒ LSA = 4a²

⇒ LSA = 4 × 576

⇒ LSA = 2304 cm²

∴ The correct answer is 2304 cm².

Additional Information

Volume of a Cube

The volume of a cube with side 'a' is given by the formula V = a³.

Diagonal of a Cube

The length of the longest diagonal of a cube is √3 × a.

Surface Area of Cuboid

For a cuboid with dimensions l, b, and h, TSA = 2(lb + bh + hl) and LSA = 2h(l + b).

Given:

Equations:

x³ - 6x² + 11x - 6 = 0

x³ - 15x² + 74x - 120 = 0

Formula used:

Sum of the roots of a cubic equation ax³ + bx² + cx + d = 0 is -b/a.

Calculation:

For x³ - 6x² + 11x - 6 = 0:

Here, a = 1 and b = -6.

Sum of roots = -(-6)/1 = 6.

For x³ - 15x² + 74x - 120 = 0:

Here, a = 1 and b = -15.

Sum of roots = -(-15)/1 = 15.

Total sum of roots = 6 + 15 = 21.

∴ The sum of the roots is 21.

Given:

A can complete the work in 20 days.

B can complete the work in 40 days.

C can complete the work in 60 days.

Formulas Used:

Work = Rate × Time

Solution:

LCM of 20, 40 and 60 = 120

A's work rate = 120/20 = 6

B's work rate = 120/40 = 3

C's work rate = 120/60 = 2

The work starts with B and then A works with B and C on alternate days.

So, the work done in two days is:

On the first day, A + B works: 9 units

On the second day, A and C work:  = 6 + 2 = 8

So, in 2 days, they complete = 9 + 8 = 17 unit of work

In 14 days , they complete = 17 × 7 = 119 unit of work.

On 15th day 1 unit of work is completed.

So, to complete the entire work, they will take 15 days.

Hence, the work will be completed in 15 days.

Given:

Numbers = 110, 180, 540

Concept used:

HCF = Highest Common Factor

HCF of two or more numbers is the largest number that can divide each of the numbers without leaving a remainder.

Solution:

Factors(110) = 2 x 5 x 11

Factors(180) = 2² x 3² x 5

Factors(540) = 2² x 3³ x 5

HCF(110, 180, 540) = 2 x 5 = 10

Hence, the correct option is 1.

Given:

Total students = 160

Girls = 70

Concept used:

Percentage of girls = (total girls)/(Total students) x 100

Solution:

Percentage of girls = (70/160) x 100

= 700/16

= 350/8

= 175/4

= 43.75 %

Hence, the correct option is 2.

Given:

21 : 60 :: 7 : x

Solution:

21/60 = 7/x

21x = 420

x = 420/21

x = 20

Hence, the correct option is 1.

Given:

Time = 2 years

Rate = 5% and 7%

P = Rs. 2,500

Total SI = Rs. 276

Concept used:

SI = PRT/100

SI = Simple Interest

R = Rate

P = Principle amount

T = Time period in years

Solution:

Let, the amount borrowed at 7% = m

Amount borrowed at 5% = 2500 - m

276 = [m x 7 x 2)/100] + [((2500 - m) x 5 x 2)/100]

13800 = 7m + 12500 - 5m

2m = 1300

m = 650

He borrowed Rs. 650 at the rate of 7% p.a.

Hence, the correct option is 3.

The logic followed here is:

First number + Third number - Second number = 12

⇒ (31, 59, 40) → 31 + 40 - 59 = 12

⇒ (56, 83, 39) → 56 + 39 - 83 = 12

Let's check each option:

1. (41, 74, 45) → 41 + 45 - 74 = 12

2. (38, 89, 42) → 38 + 42 - 89 = -9
3. (45, 90, 47) → 45 + 47 - 90 = 2
4. (29, 71, 42) → 29 + 42 - 71 = 0

Hence, 'option 1)' is the correct answer,

The logic followed here is:

1) Six friends - U, V, W, X, Y and Z - are seated in a row, facing north.

2) Exactly two people are seated to the left of W.

3) U is second to the left of W. 

4) Exactly three people are seated between U and X.

5) X is an immediate neighbour of Z and Y. 

Case (I) - 

Case (II) - 

6) Neither V nor Z is sitting at either of the ends.

Case (II) is rejected.

7) If Y and U decide to swap their seats, new position of Y,

So, as we can see Y sits Third to the left of Z.

Hence, option 1) is the correct answer.

The pattern followed here is:

1. XCVG

2. WDUH 

3. ZAXE

4. TGRC

Hence, 'Option 4)' does not belong to this group.

BODMAS RULE:

Let's check each option:

Option 1. ÷, –, +, ×, = 

Given equation: 35 * 7 * 12 * 6 * 8 * 41

After replacing the signs, we get:

⇒ 35 ÷ 7 - 12 + 6 × 8 = 41

⇒ 5 - 12 + 6 × 8 = 41

⇒ 5 - 12 + 48 = 41

⇒ 53 - 12 = 41

⇒ 41 = 41

Option 2 .+, –, ×, ÷, = 

Given equation: 35 * 7 * 12 * 6 * 8 * 41

After replacing the signs, we get:

⇒35 + 7 - 12 × 6 ÷ 8 = 41

⇒35 + 7 - 12 × 0.75 = 41

⇒35 + 7 - 9 = 41

⇒ 33 ≠ 41

Option 3. ×, –, +, ÷, =

Given equation: 35 * 7 * 12 * 6 * 8 * 41

After replacing the signs, we get:

⇒35 × 7 - 12 + 6 ÷ 8 = 41

⇒35 × 7 - 12 + 0.75 = 41

⇒245 - 12 + 0.75 = 41

⇒ 233.75 ≠ 41

Option 4. +, ×, –, ÷, =

Given equation: 35 * 7 * 12 * 6 * 8 * 41

After replacing the signs, we get:

⇒35 + 7 × 12 - 6 ÷ 8 = 41

⇒35 + 7 × 12 - 0.75 = 41

⇒35 + 84 - 0.75 = 41

⇒ 118.25 ≠ 41

Hence,"  +, ×, –, ÷, = " is the correct answer.

The correct mirror image of the given combination when the mirror is placed at MN is as shown below :-

Detailed Explanation :- 

• The line MN is the mirror.
• The word "3 h 6 k p 2" ends with "2". So, the mirror image will start with "

" → Option 1, 3 are eliminated.

• The second letter of the word is "h". So, the second last letter in the mirror image will be "

"→ Options 2 is eliminated.

​Hence, Option 4) is the correct answer.

Additional Information

• In a mirror image Left changes to rightand theright changes to leftwheretop and bottom remains the same.
• When placement of mirror not given, by default we will assume it in vertical direction.
• The starting letter word will be at last after the mirror image drawn with left changes to right and right changes to left.

Family Chart:

Given: Dhyan pointed to a person's picture and said, "This person is the brother of the daughter of the only brother of my sister."

So, Dhyan is the father of the person.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 2".

The logic followed here is:

When the folder paper is opened, the cuts will appear as follows

Hence, option 2) is the correct answer.

Family Chart:

Given:

‘P @ Q’ means ‘P is the sister of Q’ 

‘P & Q’ means ‘P is the mother of Q’

‘P # Q’ means ‘P is the husband of Q’

Let us first decode the given symbols and then draw a family tree.

Given: ‘A # B & C @ D # E’

1. A # B

means 'A is husband of B.

2) B & C

means 'B is mother of C.

3. C @ D

means 'C is sister of D.

4. D # E

means 'D is husband of E.

Hence, E is the 'Son’s wife' of B.

The positional value table is as follows:

The pattern followed here is:

• In LUXURY → PRARUU
• ​

.​​​  

• In MANAGE → QGQXAA ​
• 

• Similarly, In SILENT → ​
• 

We get 'WNOBIP'.

Hence, "Option 3" is the correct answer.

Given: Seven persons A, B, C, D, E, F and G are sitting in a straight line facing north.

1. Only two people sit to the right of G.

2. Only three people sit between A and G.

3)  F sits second to the right of D.

4. D is not immediately adjacent to G.

5)  B sits third to the right of C.

6. One place left for E.

So, "E" is the person who is immediate right end of the line.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 3".

The logic followed here is:

Hence, 'option 1)' is the correct answer.

The least possible Venn Diagram is as follows:

Conclusions:

I. Some calipers are rubbers → Follows (because some rubbers are nuts and all nuts are calipers, hence some calipers are definitely rubbers.)

II. All pistons are nuts. → Does not follow (because all pistons are rubbers and only some rubbers are nuts, hence we cannot definitely say that all pistons are nuts.) 

Hence, “Only conclusion I follows”.

The positional value table is as follows:

The pattern followed here is:

• In TEACHERS : XHCDLHTT 
• 

.​​​

• In STUDENTS : WWWEIQVT ​
• 
• Similarly, In MEETINGS : ?
• 

 ​

We get 'QHGUMQIT'.

Hence, "Option 4" is the correct answer.

Logic followed here is:

Step I: Element "0" decrease by 1 in every next step.

Step II: Element "

"  rotates 90º clockwise direction in every next step.

Hence. the correct answer is "Option 2".

The option that represents the correct order of the given words as they would appear in an English dictionary is shown below:

3. Glacier
4. Glamorous
5. Glaze
6. Gleam 
7. Glitter
8. Glow

Hence, '3, 1, 5, 6, 4, 2' is the correct answer.

The logic followed here is:

When the folder paper is opened, the cuts will appear as follows

Hence, option 1) is the correct answer.

The logic followed here is:

⇒ (209, 155, 116) →  209 - 155 = 54, 155 - 116 = 39

⇒ (184, 130, 91) →  184 - 130 = 54, 130 - 91 = 39 

Let's check each option:

1. (177, 122, 90) → 177 - 122 = 55, 122 - 90 = 32
2. (162, 110, 81) → 162  - 110 = 52, 110 - 81 = 29
3. (147, 92, 48) → 147 - 92 = 55, 92 - 48 = 44

4. (156, 102, 63) → 156 - 102 = 54, 102 - 63 = 39

Hence, 'option 4)' is the correct answer,

Given: Y _ R E _ Y T _ _ Q _ T R _ Q Y T _ E _

Let's check each option:

1) TRQEYERQ → Y T R E R - Y T Q E Q - Y T R E Q - Y T R E Q

2) TTREYERR → Y T R E T - Y T R E Q - Y T R E Q - Y T R E R

3) TQREYERQ → Y T R E Q - Y T R E Q - Y T R E Q - Y T R E Q

• Here we can see a pattern.
• YTREQ is repeating itself

4) TQYEYERQ → Y T R E Q - Y T Y E Q - Y T R E Q - Y T R E Q

Hence, ‘TQREYERQ’ is the correct answer.

BODMAS RULE:

Let's check each option:

1. ÷ and –

Given equation: 84 – 21 + 78 ÷ 15 × 3 = 37

After interchanging the signs, we get:

⇒84 ÷ 21 + 78 - 15 × 3 = 37 

⇒4 + 78 - 15 × 3 = 37 

⇒4 + 78 - 45 = 37 

⇒37 = 37

2. + and × 

Given equation: 84 – 21 + 78 ÷ 15 × 3 = 37

After interchanging the signs, we get:

⇒84 - 21 × 78 ÷ 15 + 3 = 37 

⇒84 - 21 × 5.2 + 3 = 37 

⇒84 - 109.2 + 3 = 37 

⇒-22.2 ≠ 37

3. + and –

Given equation: 84 – 21 + 78 ÷ 15 × 3 = 37

After interchanging the signs, we get:

⇒84 + 21 - 78 ÷ 15 × 3 = 37 

⇒84 + 21 - 5.2 × 3 = 37 

⇒84 + 21 - 15.6 = 37 

⇒89.4 ≠ 37

4. × and ÷

Given equation: 84 – 21 + 78 ÷ 15 × 3 = 37

After interchanging the signs, we get:

⇒84 - 21 + 78 × 15 ÷ 3 = 37 

⇒84 - 21 + 78 × 5 = 37 

⇒84 - 21 + 390 = 37 

⇒453 ≠ 37

Hence, "÷ and –" is the correct answer.

The positional value table is as follows:

The pattern followed here is:

• PLANT → KNZPG 
• .​​​ 

• PAPER → KCKGI 
• 
• Similarly, PRINT → ? ​
• 

We get 'KTRPG'.

Hence, "Option 4" is the correct answer.

The logic followed here is:

For, HOUSES : HRUVEV

For, ACTORS : AFTRRV

Similarly, 

For, SHORTS : ? 

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 1".

According to the given Venn Diagram.

The Shaded part shows the nurses are there who are from Kerala.

So, the number of nurses are there who are from Kerala ⇒ 9 + 16 = 25

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 4".

The logic followed here is:

Logic: + 1 and -1 alternate in the positional value of letter.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 2".

Given:

367,338,?,268,227,182

Calculation:

⇒ 305-37 = 268

⇒ 305+33 = 338

⇒ 338-33= 305

∴ The Correct Answer is 305

The logic followed here is:

First row: White heart is moving 1 step forward in every step and coming back to 1st place after 3 steps.

Second row: 'Arrow pointing left' is moving 1 step downward in every step and coming back to the same place after 3 steps.

Third row: '

' sign is increasing by +1 for 3 steps and then coming back to same number as the first step.

So, the figure from among the given options that can replace the question mark (?) in the following series is:

Hence, 'option 1)' is the correct answer,

The correct answer is Option 3.

Key Points

• The word "fear" indicates the feeling of anxiety or apprehension about a possible danger or threat.
• In this context, the narrator throws away the chocolate due to the fear of contracting a disease from the rat.
• The other options: "revulsion," and "disgust" imply strong feelings of dislike but do not specifically convey the idea of avoiding a health risk.

​Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 3'.

Complete Sentence: So I flung a slipper at the rat, who dodged it and took off with some reluctance, and then I had to throw away the remains of the chocolate for fear of catching rat fever or something horrible.

Additional Information

• Revulsion (विकार): A sense of disgust and loathing.
• Disgust (घृणा): A strong feeling of dislike or disapproval.

The correct answer is Option 3.

Key Points

• The word "nibbling" means taking small bites, which fits the context of a rat eating chocolate gently and quietly at night.
• The other options: "eating", "gobbling", and "munching" imply different eating behaviors that do not match the subtlety of the sound described.

​Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 3'.

Complete Sentence: But a few nights ago, I woke up prematurely to hear something nibbling away on my bedside table. Katr-katr, katr-katr, came the ominous sound.

Additional Information

• Eating (खाना): General act of consuming food.
• Gobbling (गप-गप खाना): Quickly and greedily eating large amounts of food.
• Munching (कुरकुराना): Eating something in a noisy way and steadily.

The correct answer is Option 2.

Key Points

• The word "difficulty" means a state of discomfort or trouble, which fits the context of those who experience trouble sleeping.
• The other options: "no problems", "facility", and "ease" do not correctly convey the idea of experiencing trouble or discomfort in sleeping.

​Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 2'.

Complete Sentence: You must try it sometime, those of you who find difficulty in sleeping.

Additional Information

• No problems (कोई समस्या नहीं): Implies having no troubles, which does not fit the context here.
• Facility (सुविधा): Implies ease or convenience, which does not match the context of experiencing trouble sleeping.
• Ease (सुगमता): Implies effortlessness or lack of difficulty, which does not fit the context of having trouble sleeping.

The correct answer is Option 1.

Key Points

• The phrase "nothing like" is commonly used to express that something is incomparable or very enjoyable.
• In this context, "nothing" emphasizes that a chunk of chocolate in the middle of the night is extremely satisfying and helps the narrator feel that everything is right with the world.
• The other options: "anything", "nobody", and "something" do not fit this specific idiomatic expression as well.

​Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 1'.

Complete Sentence: There’s nothing like a chunk of chocolate in the middle of the night.

Additional Information

• Anything (कुछ भी): Implies any one thing from all possible options and does not fit the context of extreme comparison here.
• Nobody (कोई नहीं): Refers to the absence of people and is not relevant in this context.
• Something (कुछ): Implies an unspecified thing and lacks the emphatic comparison needed in this context.

The correct answer is Option 4.

Key Points

• The word "warm" means having a comfortably high state of temperature, which implies coziness and is associated with comfort while sleeping.
• In this context, a "warm" bed suggests a comfortable and inviting place to sleep, helping the narrator to sleep like a baby.
• The other options: "hot", "cold", and "lumpy" either imply discomfort or do not fit the context of a cozy and comfortable sleeping environment.

​Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 4'.

Complete Sentence: Given a warm bed, I sleep like a baby.

Additional Information

• Hot (गरम): Implies an uncomfortable high temperature, which is not ideal for a good sleep.
• Cold (ठंडा): Implies a low temperature, which might not be inviting for sleep.
• Lumpy (ढेलेदार): Implies an uneven and uncomfortable surface, which is not suitable for a good rest.

The correct answer is Option 3.

Key Points

• The primary issue in the sentence is the incorrect use of the adjective "clear" instead of the adverb "clearly."
• Adverbs are used to modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs, and "seen" is a verb here.
• The correct phrase should be "seen clearly," ensuring grammatical correctness and clarity.
• Thus, the error is located in part 3 of the sentence.

Therefore, the correct answer is 3.

Correct Sentence: "In the dark night, the stars could be seen clearly."

Additional Information

• 1) No error: This would be the correct option if there were no mistakes in the sentence, but there is an error in part 3.
• 2) In the dark night: This part of the sentence is grammatically correct and does not require any changes.
• 4) the stars could be: This part of the sentence is grammatically correct and does not require any changes.

The correct answer is: Option 4.

Key Points

• The word "dung" refers to the excrement of animals, specifically that of herbivores like cows, which is often used as manure. (गोबर)
• Example: Farmers use cow dung to enrich the soil in their fields.
• The correct word "dung" (गोबर) is used to describe animal manure.
• Example: The farmer collected the dung from the cow shed to use it as fertilizer.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Option 4.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Don (डॉन): A university teacher, especially a senior member of a college at Oxford or Cambridge.
• Example: The don gave an insightful lecture on medieval history.
• Dun (धूसर): A dull grayish-brown color.
• Example: The horse had a beautiful dun coat.
• Dunk (डुबोना): To dip (bread or other food) into a drink or soup before eating it.
• Example: She loves to dunk her cookies in milk.

The correct answer is: Option 4.

Key Points

• The word "complet" is incorrect and does not exist in English. It might be a typographical error. (त्रुटिपूर्ण)
• "Complete" means to finish making or doing something; having all the necessary or appropriate parts. (पूरा करना)
• Example: We need to complete the project by the end of the week.
• Hence, the correct word to substitute in the sentence is "complete".

Therefore, the correct answer is: Option 4.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Compete (प्रतिस्पर्धा करना): To strive to gain or win something by defeating or establishing superiority over others.
• Example: Many athletes compete in the Olympics for a gold medal.
• Completion (पूरा होना): The action or process of finishing something.
• Example: The completion of the building is scheduled for next month.
• Complement (पूरक): A thing that completes or brings to perfection.
• Example: The wine was a perfect complement to the cheese.

The correct answer is: Option 2.

Key Points

• The word "Contemparory" is incorrectly spelt. The correct spelling is "Contemporary". (समकालीन)
• Example: The exhibition features contemporary art from around the world.
• "Contemporary" means belonging to or occurring in the present time. (समकालीन)
• Example: She prefers contemporary dance over classical forms.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Option 2.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Paramilitary (अर्धसैनिक): Organized similarly to a military force.
• Example: The paramilitary forces were called in to assist the police during the crisis.
• Necessary (आवश्यक): Required to be done, achieved, or present; needed.
• Example: It's necessary to have a passport to travel internationally.
• Accessory (सहायक उपकरण): A thing that can be added to something else in order to make it more useful, versatile, or attractive.
• Example: She bought a matching accessory to complement her dress.

The correct answer is: Option 3.

Key Points

• The word "procrastinate" means to delay or postpone action; put off doing something. (टालना)
• Example: He procrastinated on his homework until the last minute.
• "Postpone" refers to arranging for something to take place at a time later than that first scheduled. (स्थगित करना)
• Example: The meeting has been postponed until next week.
• Hence, we can infer that a synonym of 'procrastinate' is 'postpone'.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Option 3.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Refuse (इनकार करना): Indicate or show that one is not willing to do something.
• Example: She refused to answer the question.
• Accept (स्वीकार करना): Consent to receive or undertake something offered.
• Example: He accepted the job offer without hesitation.
• Speedup (तेज करना): To increase the rate of progress or activity.
• Example: The company needs to speed up production to meet the demand.

The correct answer is "via".

Key Points

• Via means by or by means of something.
• A preposition called "via" denotes "through," "by way of," or "by means of."
• Therefore, it can be substituted with any of these words or phrases.
• The correct sentence would be:
• Whales breathe via blowholes; baleen whales have two and toothed whales have one. ​

Additional Information

• Prepositions are words or phrases that are used in front of a noun, pronoun, or noun phrase to indicate time, place, location, direction, or spatial relationships, or to introduce an item.
• Words like "in," "at," "on," "of," and "to" are a few examples of prepositions.

The correct answer is "doesn’t she?".

Key Points

• When expressing your entire agreement with something someone has just said, particularly a judgment, you use the expression "doesn't he/she" simply.
• Doesn't is only used in the third person singular ("he," "she," and "it").
• It can also be used while asking a question.
• Doesn't can be employed to issue commands.
• Therefore, the correct sentence would be:
• Swetha writes poems in English, doesn’t she?​

Additional Information

• An extremely short clause that transforms a statement into a question is known as a question tag in grammar.
• The words "didn't she," for example, constitute a question tag in the sentence "She said half price, didn't she?"

The correct answer is "and almost got run on".

Key Points

• The word "on" is used to indicate that something is touching or is in a position where it is above another object.
• Example:
• The book is open and on the desk.
• The cake has a lot of icing on it.
• By is a flexible preposition that can be applied in a variety of contexts.
• In English, the word "by" is quite prevalent.
• It can be applied in a wide range of circumstances and contexts.
• Although it is frequently used as a preposition, it is also sometimes used as an adverb.
• Examples:
• The plumber was supposed to arrive by Monday.
• The delivery man always arrives by 11 a.m.
• Therefore, the correct sentence is:
• Tom ran across the road and almost got run over by a car.​

Additional Information

• Prepositions are words or phrases that are used in front of a noun, pronoun, or noun phrase to indicate time, place, location, direction, or relative positions, or to introduce an object.
• Words like "in", "at", "on", "of", and "to" are a few examples of prepositions.

The correct answer is Option 1.

Key Points

• The paragraph begins with the activity of stringing beads and making errors, which sets the stage for the rest of the sentences.
• Sentence C is the first sentence as it introduces the activity:
• "A day or two afterward, I was stringing beads of different sizes in symmetrical groups – two large beads, three small ones and so on."
• Sentence D follows as it describes the mistakes made during the activity:
• "I made many mistakes, and Miss Sullivan pointed them out again and again with gentle patience."
• Sentence A is the third sentence because it describes the realization of an error:
• "Suddenly, I noticed a very obvious error in the sequence, and for an instant, I concentrated my attention on the lesson and tried to think without even knowing the meaning of the word ‘think’."
• Sentence B is the fourth as it concludes with the understanding of the word ‘think’:
• "Finally, Miss Sullivan touched my forehead and spelled with decided emphasis, ‘Think’ and then in a flash I knew the word was the name of the process that was going on in my head."
• The correct sequence is CDAB.

Coherent paragraph after rearrangement:

"A day or two afterward, I was stringing beads of different sizes in symmetrical groups – two large beads, three small ones and so on. I made many mistakes, and Miss Sullivan pointed them out again and again with gentle patience. Suddenly, I noticed a very obvious error in the sequence, and for an instant, I concentrated my attention on the lesson and tried to think without even knowing the meaning of the word ‘think’. Finally, Miss Sullivan touched my forehead and spelled with decided emphasis, ‘Think’ and then in a flash I knew the word was the name of the process that was going on in my head."

The correct answer is: Option 3.

Key Points

• The word "tortured" means experiencing or characterized by severe physical or mental suffering. (पीड़ित)
• Example: He felt tortured by the constant noise in the city.
• "Tortured" refers to the state of being subjected to intense pain or distress. (पीड़ित)
• Example: The tortured artist found solace only in his paintings.
• Hence, we can infer that the word "tortured" is appropriate to describe a mind that seeks a mechanism of escape.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Option 3.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Is torturing (यातना दे रहा है): Refers to the present continuous tense of the verb torture.
• Example: The noise is torturing me.
• Tortures (यातनाएं): Refers to the present tense of the verb torture.
• Example: He tortures himself with guilt over past mistakes.
• Have tortured (यातना दी है): Refers to the present perfect tense of the verb torture.
• Example: They have tortured the prisoners for information.

The correct answer is Option 4.

Key Points

• The paragraph starts by describing the traditional classroom setup.
• Sentence A is the first sentence as it provides a historical baseline:
• "Once upon a time, a traditional classroom consisted of 30-40 students sitting and listening to teacher lectures for a couple of hours."
• Sentence C follows as it introduces the shift from traditional to modern classrooms:
• "Nowadays, the typical learning process and the structure of classrooms are gradually shifting."
• Sentence D is the third sentence as it provides evidence of this shift with a specific example:
• "Recently, over 12,000 schools in 560 districts in India have implemented smart classes."
• Sentence B is the fourth as it elaborates on how classrooms are becoming technologically advanced:
• "Classrooms are becoming more technologically advanced through the addition of digital educational tools such as laptops, printers and LCD projectors."
• The correct sequence is ACDB.

Coherent paragraph after rearrangement:

"Once upon a time, a traditional classroom consisted of 30-40 students sitting and listening to teacher lectures for a couple of hours. Nowadays, the typical learning process and the structure of classrooms are gradually shifting. Recently, over 12,000 schools in 560 districts in India have implemented smart classes. Classrooms are becoming more technologically advanced through the addition of digital educational tools such as laptops, printers and LCD projectors."

The correct answer is "Problems seem to happen together".

Key Points

• The idiom "When it rains, it pours" means when something happens, whether good or unpleasant, it typically happens more than once and frequently within a short amount of time.
• The idiom "When it rains, it pours" is frequently used in English to imply that related events occur one after the other.
• It can be applied either positively or negatively in a variety of circumstances.

Additional Information

• An idiom is a phrase that, when read as a whole, has a meaning that cannot be inferred from the individual word meanings.
• In short, it's the verbal version of using the incorrect mathematical formula and still getting the right answer.
• An example of an idiom is "kill two birds with one stone".

The correct answer is "Deceit".

Key Points

• Veracity means the attribute of being accurate or true; the practice of being truthful.
• Deceit means acting dishonestly; attempting to convince someone that something is false.
• Therefore, "deceit" is an appropriate antonym for "veracity".​

Additional Information

• A word that has the opposing meaning of another word is called an antonym.
• The antonym of dependability is "undependable".
• The antonym of honesty is "dishonest".
• The antonym of sluggishness is "active".

The correct answer is "displayed".

Key Points

• Synonyms are words having the same meaning as another word.
• Exhibited - to show anything in a public place to give information about something.
• Example: She exhibited her paintings in the art gallery.
• Displayed - to show something so that people get attracted to it.
• Example: The posters of the movie are displayed all around the city.

Additional Information

• Portrayed - to show something in a portrait or a picture.
• Example: Tanisha portrayed the railway station in her book.
• Gave - To make somebody something which he/she needs or wants.
• Example: She gave blankets to the poor.
• Inhibited - to prevent someone or something to do something.
• Example: The employees are inhibited by the presence of their manager.

The correct answer is "bathed".

Key Points

• The most appropriate option to fill in the blank is "bathed". So the sentence will be - During the night, the houses and trees along with the river banks were bathed in the silvery moonlight.
• ''Bathed'' means covered with something. So the sentence means that the river is covered with the moonlight at night.
• Example: By the time she reached the desert was bathed in the moonlight.

Additional Information

• Seen - It is the past participle of seeing that means to watch something.
• Example: I have seen the flowers in the room.
• Glowed - To produce light or shine.
• Example: The bulb glows in the dark.
• Filled - to make something full.
• Example: The bathtub is filled with her blood.

The correct answer is "I had enough support".

Key Points

• The most appropriate option that can substitute the underlined segment in the given sentence is "I had enough support".
• Had means to have something or to possess something.
• Had is the past participle of have and had is past tense.
• So in the given sentence, the person is talking about a wish that he wanted in the past. So here 'had' is used to show that sentence belongs to the past.
• ​Example: I wish I had that car.

Additional Information

• 'Will' is used to talk about the future. Will is a modal verb. So here the sentence is talking about the past so will doesn't fit in here. Will indicates that you hope or think about something which is going to happen in the future.
• ​Example: She is going to leave tomorrow.
• Have - It means to possess something or to own something. Have is used to make present perfect tenses.
• ​Example: You have to go to school.

The correct answer is "A good thing that seemed bad at first".

Key Points

• The idiom 'A blessing in disguise' means something that causes problems at first but later proves to be the best thing that happened.
• Example: Resigning from my job was a blessing in disguise.
• The idiom used for a rare happening is 'once in a blue moon'.
• Example: Once in a blue moon, I go to a cafe.

Additional Information

The correct answer is "melts".

Key Points

• The most appropriate option that can substitute the underlined segment in the given sentence is 'melts'.
• Melt means to dissolve; change the state from solid to liquid.
• Will is used to showing anything which will occur in the future.
• But here the sentence given is a universal truth so universal truths are always written in the simple present tense.
• Example: The sun rises in the east.
• So 'will' is appropriate in this sentence.

Additional Information

• Would - It is a modal verb. It is used to say what someone hopes or believes or expects to happen.
• Example: No one believed that he would marry her.
• Have means to own. It is used in present perfect tenses.
• Example: They have decided to marry.

The correct answer is "accumulation".

Key Points

• Global warming is caused by the accumulation of certain gases, called greenhouse gases, in the atmosphere.
• The word accumulation means an amount of something that has been collected. It is an uncountable noun.
• Example: The roads are blocked due to the accumulation of snow.
• So, the sentence means that global warming is caused by the collection of a large number of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.

 Additional Information

• Disintegration means breaking down something into small pieces.
• Example: The paper will disintegrate when it will get wet.
• Progress means growth or change/ improvement in something.
• Example: He is making progress in his career.
• Development - to make something more advanced, bigger, or stronger.
• Example: She is working on the development of a drug in her pharmacy.

The correct answer is "buy".

Key Points

• Homonyms are words pronounced and spelled like another word but have a different meaning.
• The most appropriate homonym to fill in the blank is "buy". Leaving his friend, Ramu said, “Next time we meet, I will buy you a drink”.
• Buy means to get something by paying money.
• So, this sentence means that next time Ramu will buy a drink for his friend.
• Example: I a going to buy a pair of shoes.

Additional Information

• Bye is said when we leave someone, we wish them goodbye.
• Example: Goodbye Henna, We will meet soon.
• By is used to show that a person does something; to show how something is done.
• Example: Do you want to buy this by cash or cheque?

The correct answer is Ethernet.

Key Points

• Ethernet:-
• It is a communication protocol used for connecting devices in a physical location like Local Area Network (LAN).
• The Internet provides various services to the users like browsing information, sending and receiving files and emails between many systems, downloading etc over the network.
• Ethernet is not a service provided by the internet because it is confined to a smaller area. Hence option 1 is correct.

Additional Information

• Email:-
• It is a messaging service used for the exchange of messages between users over the internet.
• The email services examples are Gmail from Google, Yahoo, Outlook from Microsoft, etc.
• World Wide Web (WWW):-
• WWW is a collection of public web pages accessed through the internet.
• File Transfer Protocol:-
• An FTP is a protocol defined to set rules for the secure transfer of files between different computers over the internet.

The correct answer is Electronic Data Interchange

Key Points

• Electronic Data Interchange or abbreviated as EDI is a standard electronic format that replaces paper documentation like orders or invoices.
• Replacing paper-based with electronic reduces the cost, increases the processing speed, etc.
• EDI is the intercompany communication of business documents in a standard format between business partners. Hence option 2 is correct.
• This allows a company to send information to another company digitally.

Additional Information

• All the EDI transactions get defined by the EDI message standard. These standards ensure the information or document is transmitted and processed correctly.
• There are two types of EDI transmission: Point-Point or direct connection and Value-added network (VAN).
• In Point-Point transmission, two systems are connected over the internet with no intermediary.
• In VAN, a third-party network manages data transmission like a mail boxing paradigm.

The correct answer is Cells can contain text, such as letters, and numbers but not dates. 

Key Points

• A cell is the smallest unit you can see in a worksheet which is referenced by the row and column coordinates.
• Each cell stores different types of values like numbers, text, and also dates. Hence option 2 is correct.
• A cell can also have alphanumeric values.

• You have the option to generate the date in different formats.

Additional Information

• You can modify or delete the content anytime, just double-click the cell and edit the value or click the cell to delete the value.
• The cell reference contains a row number and a column number i.e., the column value followed by the row value. For example, A10 indicates column 'A' and the 10th row.

The correct answer is the Quick Access toolbar

Key Points

• Quick Access toolbar is a small customizable ribbon located just above the ribbon in MS Word.
• ​This lets you access some of the most used commands like saving, opening, undoing and redoing the changes etc. Hence option 2 is correct.

​

Additional Information

• The File tab in the ribbon also provides options to save, open and create a file.
• The ribbon is an area located above the document which provides various tabs to perform different tasks.
• ​If you need extra space for the document, you can hide the ribbon using Ctrl + F1 shortcut. Use the same shortcut to view the ribbon.
• The Title bar provides information about the document that is currently open.

The correct answer is 8.

Key Points

• MS Excel can be used as a calculator where you can calculate arithmetic functions like addition, subtraction, etc.
• It uses the BODMAS rule for any arithmetic calculation.
• Enter the numbers you want to calculate in the formula bar and click enter. That cell displays the output value.
• For the above calculation 9 / 6 * 4 + 3 - 1, Excel returns the output as 8. Hence option 4 is correct.

Additional Information

• You can insert some predefined formulas like Math, Trigonometry, Logical, Financial, etc from the Formula tab.
• Insert function group in the Formula tab inserts some functions like CHAR(), CONCAT(), etc.
• To use them, you have to enter the values or text as input in the dialog box provided.

The correct answer is Merging.

Key Points

• Word allows the users to combine or merge the cells to extend the content to multiple tables in order to create a large cell.
• Though the cells are different and adjacent merging the cells makes the number of cells a large unit. Hence option 1 is correct.
• To merge cells, go to the Layout table > Merge table group > Merge.

Additional Information

• Splitting the cells makes a larger cell into smaller units. To split the cell, go to the Layout tab > Split cell.
• Editing a document includes modifying the text of the document.
• Formatting allows for enhancing the appearance of the document that includes changing the font style, size, alignment etc.

The correct answer is To

Key Points

• Email is a messaging service used for the exchange of messages between users over the internet.
• Below the name of the receiver in the email, you can see a box that gives necessary information like the email of the sender and receiver, date and time of receiving, encryption protocol used etc.
• To field of the email indicates to whom the email has been sent. Hence option 4 is correct.

Additional Information

• Signatures help the recipients identify the original sender of the email. While transmitting, email protocols generally authenticate the signature whether they are from the original sender or not. 
• You can insert a signature at the end of the email.
• A Subject is a single-line text in an email that refers to the purpose of the email.

The correct answer is Justify

Key Points

• Alignment changes how the values or data in the cells appear and MS Word provides four types of alignment: Right, Left, Center and Justified.
• In Word, the Left alignment is the default alignment.
• You can do it by Selecting the text, and going to the Home tab > Paragraph group.
• Justify alignment makes the text evenly across the document. Hence option 3 is correct.
• For Justify alignment, use the shortcut Ctrl + J.

Additional Information

• For center alignment, select the text, choose the option from the Paragraph group in the Home tab, or click Ctrl + E shortcut.
• For Left alignment, you can click the Ctrl + L shortcut and for Right alignment, use Ctrl + R shortcut.
• ​You can also set the rotation clockwise or anti-clockwise, or change the angle and orientation of the text.

The correct answer is Pivot Table

Key Points

• A Pivot table is used for sorting, grouping, summarising and analysing a large amount of data in user-friendly ways.
• It lets you compare the data provided, and analyze the patterns and trends.
• Excel aggregates the individual items and analyzes the data with one or more discrete categories. Hence option 4 is correct.
• To insert a pivot table, go to the Insert tab > Tables group > Pivot table dropdown menu > Pivot table.

Additional Information

• A bar in Excel displays the various categories of data in rectangular bars.
• The lines are used to connect two or more points in the chart.
• Spreadsheets or worksheets in Excel contain the cells that store a large amount of data.

The correct answer is Superbold.

Key Points

• MS Excel provides different types of font styles to enhance the worksheet's appearance like Bold, Italic etc.
• To change the font style, go to the Home tab > Font group
• To make the text bold, use Ctrl + B shortcut and for italic, use Ctrl + I shortcut.
• Superbold or an extra bold font gives more thickness compared to the regular bold but this option is not available in Excel. Hence option 1 is correct.

Additional Information

• Italic is a font style that slants the text to the right and Bold makes the text thicker. 
• ​Both options are available in the Home tab > Font group.
• Generally, these bold or italic font is used when you are highlighting some important lines or words etc.
• Regular is the default font style you see everywhere which does not have the thickness or font-weight the bold font does.