Delhi Police Constable Previous Year Paper (Held on: 14 Dec 2020 Shift 2)

The correct answer is Shakuntala Devi.

• Shakuntala Devi is the author of the book 'Figuring: The Joy of Numbers'.

Key Points

Additional Information

• Shakuntala Devi (1929-2013) was also known as “the human computer” for her ability to perform lengthy calculations.
• Recently, a Bollywood film “Shakuntala Devi,” starring Vidya Balan is directed by Anu Menon and tells the story of Devi’s life from different perspectives.

The correct answer is Khudiram Bose.

• Khudiram Bose was a revolutionary from West Bengal who was only 18 when he was hanged at the Muzaffarpur Jail by the British.

Key Points

The correct answer is the Treaty of Yandaboo.

• Treaty of Yandaboo is the treaty between the British and the Burmese which led to the annexation of Assam by the British in the year 1826.

Key Points

Additional Information

• Recently Nepal objected to India's new map which included Kalapani into the Pithoragarh district of Uttarakhand.
• According to the Nepal government, Kalapani is an integral part of their country.
• The talks are still on between New Delhi and Kathmandu over this “unresolved” area.
• The origin of the dispute lies in the interpretation of the treaty of Sugauli.

The correct answer is Twinkle Khanna.

• Twinkle Khanna is the author of the book The Legend of Lakshmi Prasad.

Key Points

The correct answer is Mint.

• Mint herb grows from the stem.

Key Points

• Herb
• It has a short-sized plant with a soft, green stem without woody tissues.
• Cycle - One or two seasons.
• Branches -  few branches or branchless.
• It is easily uprooted from the soil.
• Nutritional benefits - Vitamins and minerals.
• Examples - Tomato, wheat, paddy, grass and bananas.

The correct answer is Qatar.

• Qatar has been selected to host the FIFA World Cup, 2022.

Key Points

Additional Information

• Australia and New Zealand will host FIFA Women World Cup 2023.

The FIFA ranking:

• Indian team retained its 108^th position in international football for the year 2020.

The correct answer is Nalini Malani.

• Nalini Malani is an Indian contemporary artist who has won the Joan Miro Prize for 2019.

Key Points

• Indian artist Nalini Malani has won the biennial Joan Miró Prize for 2019.
• The award is named after Spanish painter and sculptor Joan Miró, who was one of the most influential artists of the 20^th century.

Additional Information

• Sheela Gowda is an Indian artist from Bangalore.
• Anjolie Ela Menon is one of India's leading contemporary artists.
• Her paintings were included in the NGMA, the Chandigarh Museum and the Peabody Essex Museum.
• Gargi Raina is a painter who works from Vadodara, Gujarat.

The correct answer is 1510.

• In 1510, Alfonso de Albuquerque capture Goa, with the help of some locals.

Key Points

• In 1510 AD, Afonso de Albuquerque captured Goa from the Sultan of Bijapur, Ismail Adil Shah.
• It was done with the help of Krishnadev Raya (ruler of the Vijaynagar empire).
• He also worked for the abolishment of the practice of Sati in Goa.

​

Additional Information 

• Conquest of Malacca - 1511
• Embassies to Pegu, Sumatra and Siam - 1511
• Expedition to the spice islands -1512
• Campaign in the Red Sea - 1513
• Administration and diplomacy in Goa - 1514

The correct answer is 1999.

• The Indian stock market Index, the SENSEX, cross the 5000 point mark for the first time in 1999.

Key Points

• On 11 October 1999, the SENSEX crossed the 5,000 point mark for the first time.
• The primary reason was that the Bharatiya Janata Party-led coalition won the majority in the 13^th Lok Sabha election then.

​

Additional Information 

• Currently, SENSEX crossed the 50,000 point mark with an all-time high of 50,181 on 21 January 2021.
• BSE
• Established - 1875
• It is Asia's oldest stock exchange.
• It is the world's 7^th largest stock exchange.

The correct answer is Gautama Buddha.

• Gautama Buddha gave most of his preaching at 'Gridhrakuta'.

Key Points

​ Gautama Buddha, also known as Siddhartha Gautama, was an Indian prince who renounced his privileged life to seek spiritual enlightenment.

• After years of wandering and meditation, he attained enlightenment under a bodhi tree in Bodh Gaya, India.
• Following his enlightenment, Buddha began teaching his philosophy and path to enlightenment, known as Buddhism, to others.
• He traveled throughout northern India and Nepal, preaching and teaching in various places.
• One of the most significant places where Buddha gave his sermons was Gridhrakuta, or Vulture's Peak.
• It is said that Buddha spent many rainy seasons at Gridhrakuta, where he gave several important sermons, including the Lotus Sutra and the Heart Sutra.
• Gridhrakuta is located in Rajgir, Bihar, India, and is considered to be one of the most important Buddhist pilgrimage sites.
• The mountain is shaped like a vulture, hence its name, and is believed to be the site where Buddha preached his most important teachings.

In summary, Gautama Buddha gave most of his preaching at Gridhrakuta, a mountain in Rajgir, Bihar, India, where he delivered many important sermons, including the Lotus Sutra and the Heart Sutra.

Additional Information

• Vardhamana Mahavira
• 24^th Tirthankara of Jainism
• Born - 540 B.C.(Kundagrama near Vaishali).
• Clan - Jnatrika clan
• First sermon - Pava.
• Mahavira’s symbol - lion.
• Death- At the age of 72 in 468 B.C. at the Pavapuri in Bihar.
• Guru Nanak Dev
• ​Born: 15 April 1469, Nankana Sahib
• Died: 22 September 1539, Kartarpur
• He was the founder of Sikhism.
• He is also the first of the ten Sikh Gurus.
• Ramakrishna Paramhansa
• Born: 18 February 1836, Kamarpukur
• Died: 16 August 1886, Cossipore
• He was an Indian Hindu religious leader in the 19^th century.
• He is also the teacher of Swami Vivekananda.

The correct answer is 343.

• Article 343 of the Constitution of India prescribes Hindi as written in Devanagari script as the official language of the government along with English.

Key Points

The correct answer is 1955.

• The Citizenship Amendment Act 1955 was amended in 2019.

Key Points

• The Citizenship Amendment Bill was passed in Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha on 10 December 2019 and 11 December 2019 respectively.
• The CAA provides Indian citizenship to the migrants who entered India on or before 31^st December 2014.
• The Act was passed for migrants of six different religions such as
• Hindus
• Sikhs
• Buddhists
• Jains
• Parsis
• Christians
• It was passed for Afghanistan, Bangladesh, and Pakistan's migrants.

Additional Information

• The Citizenship Act, 1955
• The Citizenship Act, 1955, is the primary law relating to citizenship in India.
• The conferment of a person as a citizen of India is governed by the Part II of the Constitution of India.

The correct answer is Rs. 5000.

• The amount of cash incentive provided to pregnant women and lactating mothers under the Pradhan Mantri Matru Vandana Yojana – PMMVY is Rs. 5000.

Key Points

• Pradhan Mantri Matru Vandana Yojana – PMMV
• It is also partial compensation for the wage loss in terms of cash incentives so that the woman can take adequate rest before and after the delivery of the first living child.
• The cash incentive provided would lead to improved health-seeking behaviour amongst the Pregnant Women and Lactating Mothers (PW&LM).
• Under it cash incentive of Rs. 5,000 is provided to pregnant women and lactating mothers.
• Introduced in 2017.
• It is under the Ministry of Women and Child Development.
• It is a conditional cash transfer scheme.
• Pregnant women of 19 years of age or above for the first live birth are the main target base.

The correct answer is Fuse.

• Fuse is a protection component that limits the amount of current flowing through the circuit and establishes a certain amount of voltage.

Key Points

• Fuse
• Fuse is designed to break the circuit and stop the current flow when the current exceeds a predetermined value.
• The fuse can not be reset; whereas the circuit breaker can be reset.
• Circuit Breaker
• This consists of a bimetallic strip which, when it becomes overheated from excessive current, bends away from a catch on the switch lever and permits the switch to trip open.

 

Additional Information

• Switch
• A switch is an electrical component that facilitates a disconnect or conducting path in an electrical circuit.
• Earthing
• Earthing is the immediate transferring of electrical energy directly to the earth by the help of the low resistance wire.
• It is known as electrical earthing.
• Voltmeter
• It an instrument used for measuring the electric potential difference between two points in an electric circuit.
• It is connected in parallel manner.
• It has a high resistance so negligible current is consumed by the circuit.

The correct answer is Bihar.

• Bihar has the highest population growth rate as per the Government of India Report 2011-2019.

Key Points

Additional Information

• Total Fertility Rate (TFR)
• The number of children a mother would have at the current pattern of fertility.
• 2.2 in the year 2018.
• Replacement
• It is calculated that a replacement TFR of 2.1.
• Fertility
• As fertility declines, so the population growth rate also reduces.
• Annual population growth rate
• The natural annual population growth rate to be 1.38 per cent in 2018.
• Comparison
• A comparison of 2011 and 2018 SRS statistical reports shows that TFR declined from 2.4 to 2.2 during this period.

The correct answer is Bihar.

• Sonepur Cattle Fair is a well-known cultural event of Bihar.

Key Points

The correct answer is Telangana.

• Telangana is the first state to regulate the cultivation of crops by telling farmers what to grow as part of its pilot project.

Key Points

• The state government has decided to limit the cultivation of paddy to 50 lakh acres.
• It has also limited the cultivation of another crop, red gram, to 10 lakh acres.

Additional Information

The correct answer is 1846.

• The Battle of Aliwal was fought in 1846.

Key Points

• The Battle of Aliwal was fought between the Sikh Khalsa army and the British forces.
• It was fought on 28 January 1846.
• Result- British Won

​

Additional Information .

• The First Anglo Sikh:
• After this battle, the Khalsa was defeated at the Battle of Sobraon on 10 February 1846.
• This led to the Treaty of Lahore
• It was signed in March 1846.
• It led to an end to the First Anglo-Sikh War.

The correct answer is Junagadh.

• Uparkot Buddhist Caves are located in Junagadh.

Key Points

• Uparkot caves are ancient man-made caverns.
• The caves are a part of the Junagadh Buddhist Cave Groups.
• It is situated in the eastern part of Junagadh of Gujarat.

Additional Information

• Ryugado Cave - Kochi
• Bhimbetka rock shelters - Bhopal
• Robber's Cave / Guchhupani - Dehradun

The correct answer is 1947.

• The Constituent Assembly set up a Drafting Committee under the Chairmanship of Dr. BR Ambedkar to prepare the Draft Constitution for India.

Key Points

• On 29 August 1947, the Constituent Assembly set up a Drafting Committee under the Chairmanship of Dr. B.R. Ambedkar to prepare a Draft Constitution for India.
• While deliberating upon the draft Constitution, the Assembly moved, discussed, and disposed of as many as 2,473 amendments out of a total of 7,635 tabled.
• The Constitution of India was adopted on 26 November 1949 and the hon'ble members appended their signatures to it on 24 January 1950.
• In all, 284 members actually signed the Constitution.
• On that day when the Constitution was being signed, it was drizzling outside and it was interpreted as a sign of a good omen.
• The Constitution of India came into force on 26 January 1950.
• On that day, the Assembly ceased to exist, transforming itself into the Provisional Parliament of India until a new Parliament was constituted in1952.

Additional Information

Drafting Committee:

• Chairman - Dr B. R. Ambedkar
• Other 6 members -
• K.M.Munshi
• Muhammed Saadulah
• Alladi Krishnaswamy Iyer
• Gopala Swami Ayyangar
• N. Madhava Rao (He replaced B.L. Mitter )
• T. T. Krishnamachari (He replaced D.P. Khaitan)

The correct answer is 1951.

• The First Amendment of the Constitution took place in 1951.

Key Points

• The Constitution of India also provides for its amendment to shift to changing conditions and needs.
• The first amendment was done for the welfare of scheduled castes, tribes and backward classes.

​

Additional Information

The correct answer is government.

• Under the minimum support price (MSP) the minimum guaranteed prices are fixed to set a floor below which market prices cannot fall. In case no one buys it, the government will buy the stock at this minimum guaranteed prices.

Key Points

• The MSP is fixed on the recommendations of the Commission for Agricultural Costs and Prices (CACP).
• The Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs (CCEA) takes a final decision on the MSPs.
• The Food Corporation of India (FCI) is the nodal central agency of India, along with other State Agencies that undertakes procurement of crops.

Additional Information

• The CACP is an attached office of the Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare.
• It is formed in 1965.
• It is a statutory body.
• It submits separate reports recommending prices for Kharif and Rabi seasons.

The correct answer is Arunachal Pradesh.

• Tapu Dance belongs to Arunachal Pradesh.

Key Points

The correct answer is Ravi Solanki.

• Ravi Solanki was awarded the UK's Royal Academy of Engineering President's Special Awards for Pandemic Service in August 2020.

Key Points

• Chaand Nagpaul CBE is a doctor and general practitioner.
• He holds the Chair of the Council of the British Medical Association.
• Kamlesh Khunti is a Professor of Primary Care Diabetes and Vascular Medicine at the University of Leicester, UK.
• He is Co-Director of the Leicester Diabetes center.

The correct answer is 2016.

• The Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code (Amendment) Ordinance, 2020 amends the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016.

Key Points

• Indian Parliament has passed amendments to the insolvency law.
• It will help to safeguard successful bidders of insolvent companies from the risk of criminal proceedings for offences committed by previous promoters.
• The bill intends to remove bottlenecks and streamline the corporate insolvency resolution process.
• It seeks to protect new owners of a loan defaulter company against prosecution for mismanagement of previous owners.

Additional Information

• It allows creditors to initiate an insolvency resolution process if a company defaults on its payments.
• It introduces an additional threshold for certain classes of financial creditors, including allottees of real estate projects, for initiating the resolution process.
• At least 10% of them or 100 such persons needs to jointly initiate the process.

The correct answer is Third.

• The Global rank of India in terms of the number of new firms created globally is Third as per Economic Survey 2020.

Key Points

• The Survey stated that the birth of new firms is very heterogeneous across Indian districts and sectors.
• It is dispersed across all India.
• Number of New Firms Created
• 1,24,000 New Firms Created in 2018 Compared to 70,000 In 2014.
• Growth Rate
• As Against 3.8 per cent Growth Rate in Number of New Firms Created During 2006-14, Growth Rate During 2014-18 Rises to 12.2 per cent.

Additional Information

• The Economic Survey of India
• Ministry: Ministry of Finance
• Department: Department of Economic Affairs
• The Chief Economic Advisor: Krishnamurthy Subramanian
• Minister of Finance: Nirmala Sitharaman.

The correct answer is the Provisional Parliament of India.

• After the Constitution of India came into force in 1950 the Constituent Assembly ceased to exist, transforming itself into the Provisional Parliament of India till 1952.

Key Points

• The Constituent Assembly met for the first time in New Delhi on 9 December 1946.
• The Constitution of India came into force on 26 January 1950.
• Afterward, the Assembly ceased to exist, transforming itself into the Provisional Parliament of India until a new Parliament was constituted in1952.

​

Additional Information

• Altogether it took 2 years 11 months and 18 days to make the constitution. During this period, it held eleven sessions covering a total of 165 days. Of these, 114 days were spent on the consideration of the Draft Constitution.

The correct answer is Baking soda.

• Baking soda will help to neutralise a bee sting.

Key Points

• Other Kitchen Remedies:
• Cool compress - The cold decreases the swelling and redness.
• Apple cider vinegar – It can neutralize the venom like baking soda.
• Honey – The anti-oxidants in it may help with wound healing and pain - similar to its healing tendency for allergies.
• Meat tenderizer - An enzyme in the seasoning counteracts the toxicity of the venom.

The correct answer is Suresh Raina.

• Suresh Raina took retirement from international cricket in August 2020.

Key Points

• Indian cricketers who retired from international cricket in 2020 are as follows.
• MS Dhoni
• Suresh Raina
• Parthiv Patel
• Rajat Bhatia
• Irfan Pathan
• Wasim Jaffer
• Pragyan Ojha
• Sudeep Tyagi

Additional Information

• Board of Control for Cricket in India [BCCI]
• Ministry: Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports
• Established: 1928
• President: Sourav Ganguly
• Vice president: Rajeev Shukla
• Secretary: Jay Shah

The correct answer is Assam.

• 'Uruka' is a traditional festival of the state of Assam.

Key Points

Additional InformationAssam

• Capital: Dispur
• Chief minister: Himanta Biswa Sarma.
• Governor: Shri Gulab Chand Kataria.

National Parks.

• Kaziranga National Park
• Manas National Park
• Dibru - Saikhowa National Park
• Nameri National Park
• Orang National Park and Tiger Reserve (ONPTR)
• Dehing Patkai National Park
• Raimona National Park

Wildlife Santuaries

• Garampani Wildlife Sanctuary
• Laokhowa Wildlife Sanctuary
• Bornadi Wildlife Sanctuary
• Chakrasila Wildlife Sanctuary
• Burachapori Wildlife Sanctuary
• Panidehing Wildlife Sanctuary
• Hollongapar Wildlife Sanctuary
• Pabitora Wildlife Sanctuary
• Sonai Rupai Wildlife Sanctuary
• Bherjan - Borajan - Padumoni Wildlife Sanctuary
• East K. Anglong Wildlife Sanctuary
• Nambor Wildlife Sanctuary
• Marat Longri Wildlife Sanctuary
• Nambor - Doigrung Wildlife Sanctuary
• Amchang Wildlife Sanctuary
• Borail Wildlife Sanctuary
• Deepar Beel Wildlife Sanctuary
• Bordoibam Bilmukh Bird Wildlife Sanctuary (Proposed)
• North K. Anglong Wildlife Sanctuary (Proposed)

The correct answer is Rs. 1 lakh.

• The Indian Union Budget 2020 announced that the Deposit Insurance and Credit Guarantee Corporation (DICGC) has been permitted to increase deposit insurance coverage to Rs. 5 lakh per depositor from Rs. 1 lakh previously.

Key Points

• Deposit Insurance and Credit Guarantee Corporation (DICGC) is a wholly-owned subsidiary of the RBI.
• It provides insurance coverage.
• It has been done to provide a greater measure of protection to depositors.

Additional Information

• Deposit Insurance and Credit Guarantee Corporation (DICGC)
• Head: Michael Patra
• Founded: 1978
• Headquarter: Mumbai

The correct answer is Ramlila.

• Ramlila was inscribed on the UNESCO Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity in the year 2008.

Key Points

• A total of 13 Intangible cultural heritage (ICH) elements from India have been inscribed on UNESCO’s Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity.

Additional Information

• UNESCO 
• Headquarters: Paris, France
• Director-General: Audrey Azoulay
• Formation: 16 November 1945.

The correct answer is Samudrayaan.

• Samudrayaan is the name of the project undertaken by the National Institute of Ocean Technology (NIOT) to send men in deep-sea in a submersible vehicle to carry out underwater studies.

Key Points

• Samudrayaan
• It is a key project of the Ministry of Earth Sciences for deep ocean mining for rare minerals.
• This project is expected by 2021-22.
• It proposes to send men into the deep sea in a submersible vehicle for ocean studies.

Important Points

• The 'Samudrayaan' project undertaken by the NIOT, Chennai, is in line with the 'Gaganyaan' mission of the ISRO for sending an astronaut to space by 2022.

Additional Information

• The National Institute of Ocean Technology (NIOT) was established in November 1993.
• It is an autonomous society under the Ministry of Earth Sciences of India.

The correct answer is Direct payment of the difference between the MSP and the selling/modal price is made to pre-registered farmers selling their produce in the notified market yard through a transparent auction process.

Key Points

• PM-AASHA - Pradhan Mantri Annadata Aay SanraksHan Abhiyan
• It is aimed towards ensuring remunerative prices to farmers for their produce, the government has taken an unprecedented step.
• It comprises the erstwhile Price Support Scheme (PSS) with certain modifications and rolling out of new schemes of Price Deficiency Payment Scheme (PDPS) and Pilot of Private Procurement and Stockist Scheme (PPSS).
• The three components:
• Price Support Scheme (PSS)
• Price Deficiency Payment Scheme (PDPS)
• The pilot of the Private Procurement & Stockist Scheme (PPPS)

Additional Information

• Government fixes MSP for 22 mandated crops which are paddy, jowar, bajra, maize, ragi, arhar, moong, urad, groundnut-in-shell, soyabean, sunflower, sesamum, nigerseed, cotton, wheat, barley, gram, Masur(lentil), rapeseed/mustard, safflower, jute and copra.
• Also, MSP of Toria and de-husked coconut are fixed based on the MSPs of rapeseed/mustard and copra respectively.
• National Agricultural Cooperative Marketing Federation of India Ltd.(NAFED)
• It was set up in 1958.
• Food Corporation of India (FCI)
• It was set up under the Food Corporation's Act 1964.

The correct answer is Qila Mubarak.

• Qila Mubarak fort served as a prison for Empress Razia Sultana after she was defeated by her rebellious general, Malik Ikhtiar-ud-din Altunia.

Key Points

• Razia Sultana
• Born: 1205
• ​Reign: 1236 – 1240
• She was Iltutmish’s daughter.
• She is also the first and last Muslim woman to rule over Delhi.
• She was defeated by Malik Ikhtiar-ud-din Altunia, the governor of Bathinda.
• After which sultana was prisoned at Qila Mubarak fort.
• She later married to Malik Ikhtiar-ud-din Altunia.
• She was reportedly killed by her brother’s forces.
• She was succeeded by her brother Muizuddin Bahram Shah.

Additional Information

• Qila Mubarak Fort - Bathinda, Punjab
• Gobindgarh Fort - Amritsar, Punjab
• Shahpur Kandi Fort - Shahpur Kandi, Punjab
• Anandpur Sahib Fort - Rupnagar, Punjab

The correct answer is Arunachal Pradesh and Assam.

• Arunachal Pradesh and Assam are the states where Siang and Lohit rivers flow.

Key Points

• The Lohit River
• It's a left-bank tributary of the Brahmaputra river.
• Origin: Eastern Tibet Region
• It flows through the Mishmi Hills
• Dhola-Sadia bridge or the Bhupen Hazarika bridge spans the Lohit river.
• The Siang River
• The Siang, which originates in China, is called the Tsangpo after it enters India.
• It flows through the Upper Siang district in the northeastern state.
• The Siang joins two other rivers the Lohit and the Dibang to make the Brahmaputra.

Additional Information

• Assam Parks
• Dibru-Saikhowa National Park
• Kaziranga National Park
• Manas National Park
• Nameri National Park
• Arunachal Pradesh Parks
• Mouling National Park
• Namdapha National Park

The correct answer is Article 3.

Key Points

 Mistake Points

• Article 2 empowers parliament to Admit or establish of new States from foreign territories. Hence it is not correct.
• Article 3 mentions about Formation of new States and the alteration of areas, boundaries, or names of existing States.

Additional Information

• The original provision of Article 3 was amended by (fifth amendment) Act, 1955 on 24 December 1955.

The correct answer is the 2022 Asian Games.

• Three sporty robots, collectively known as the ‘smart triplets’, representing the UNESCO World Heritage sites of Hangzhou in eastern China, unveiled as the official mascots of the 2022 Asian Games.

Key Points

• The three sporty robots have been announced by the Olympic Council of Asia (OCA) as the official mascots of the 19^th Asian Games.
• The three robots are known collectively as the 'smart triplets' to show the Hangzhou city and Zhejiang province.
• The robot 'Congcong' shows the archaeological ruins of Liangzhu city.
• Its name originates from the Cong jade pendant -- the quintessential relic unearthed from the ruins.
• It is 5,000 years old.
• It takes yellow, the colour of earth and bumper harvest, as the main theme.
• 'Lianlian' represents the West Lake.
• Its name signifies a lake full of lush lotus leaves.
• Green stands for life and nature.
• The third mascot is 'Chenchen'
• It represents the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal.
• It takes its name from the Gongchen Bridge.
• Blue represents science and technology.

Additional Information

• The OCA's 19^th Asian Games will be held in Hangzhou from September 10 to 25, 2022.
• It will be the third Asian Games to be hosted by China following Beijing 1990 and Guangzhou 2010, with the participation of 45 NOCs of Asia in 42 sports.

The correct answer is Karnataka.

Key Points

• The states with the highest growth in the gross domestic product over the last four financial years are as follows
• Haryana
• Gujarat
• Karnataka
• Telangana
• They have even surpassed that of the nation as a whole.

Additional Information

• The state economies that grew significantly lower than the national average are
• Rajasthan
• Jharkhand
• Punjab
• Chhattisgarh

The correct answer is Manipur. 

• The Ningthouja Dynasty ruled the erstwhile princely state of Manipur.

Key Points

• Manipur has been ruled by the rulers of the Ningthouja dynasty.
• It has 125 extended families.
• It was one of the longest-ruling dynasties of the erstwhile kingdom of Manipur.
• It was founded by King Nongda Lairen Pakhangba.
• Time Period - 33 CE

Additional Information

• Sharabhapuriya dynasty
• It ruled parts of Chhattisgarh and Odisha.
• Kalachuris of Ratnapura
• Chhattisgarh
• Chogyal rulers
• Sikkim

The correct answer is Andhra Pradesh.

• Philosopher, Jiddu Krishnamurti and spiritual guru, Sathya Sai Baba are among the well-known personalities from the state of Andhra Pradesh.

Important Points

• He was believed to be the reincarnation of Shirdi Sai Baba.
• Materialisations of the vibhuti concept have been given by him.
• The Sathya Sai Organisation is founded by Sathya Sai Baba.
• It enables its members to undertake service activities as a means to spiritual advancement.

The correct answer is Goa.

• The Jama Masjid, Our Lady of the Immaculate Conception Church and the Mahalaxmi Temple are situated on the same road – Dr Dada Vaidya Road in Goa.

Key Points

Other important Sites:

• Goa
• Calangute Beach
• Fort Aguada
• Tito's Street
• Baga Beach
• The Jama Masjid
• Our Lady of the Immaculate Conception Church
• Mahalaxmi Temple
• Anjuna Beach
• Karnataka
• Bangalore – The City of Diverse Existence
• Bandipur National Park – In Harmony with Nature
• Coorg – Queer but Captivating
• Hampi – An Architectural Marvel
• Udupi
• Nandi Hills

Additional Information

• Bihar
• Bodh Gaya
• Mahabodhi Temple
• Giant Buddha
• Patna Sahib Gurudwara
• Saptaparni Cave
• Kesaria Stupa
• Kerela
• Kumarakom Bird Sanctuary
• Kumarakom Backwaters
• Aruvikkuzhi waterfall
• Juma Masjid

The correct answer is Subramania Bharathi.

• Subramania Bharathi was a renowned poet of Tamil Nadu who championed the cause of women's liberation.

Key Points

• C. Subramaniya Bharathiyar was a poet, freedom fighter and social reformer from Tamil Nadu.
• He was known as Mahakavi Bharathiyar and the laudatory epithet Mahakavi means a great poet.
• He is considered one of India’s greatest poets.
• His songs on nationalism and freedom of India helped to rally the masses to support the Indian Independence Movement in Tamil Nadu.

The correct answer is PV Sindhu.

• PV Sindhu has been named as one of the ambassadors of ‘i am badminton’ awareness campaign by the Badminton World Federation (BWF).

Key Points

• The campaign gives a platform to players for expressing their love and respect for badminton by practising clean and honest play.
• PV Sindhu said "This message starts with one voice. If we as ambassadors can highlight this, then I think this will spread to more players,"

Additional Information

The correct answer is 1999.

• In 1999, the Indian government introduced the Total Sanitation Campaign (TSC) to accelerate sanitation coverage throughout the country, particularly in rural areas.

Key Points

• It was implemented by the Ministry of Rural Development and the central government to "improve the general quality of life in rural areas.
• From 1999, a “demand-driven” approach under the “Total Sanitation Campaign” (TSC) was adopted.
• It emphasized the following:
• Information, Education and Communication (IEC)
• Human Resource Development (HRD)
• Capacity Development activities
• It increases awareness among the rural people and generation of demand for sanitary facilities.
• This enhanced people’s capacity to choose appropriate options through alternate delivery mechanisms as per their economic condition.
• Financial incentives were provided to Below Poverty Line (BPL) households for the construction and usage of individual household latrines (IHHL) in recognition of their achievements.

Additional Information 

• The TSC made some progress, but it suffered from its relatively low priority and its ineffective deployment of resources.
• It was renamed Nirmal Bharat Abhiyan in 2012 and relaunched as Swachh Bharat Abhiyan in 2014.

The correct answer is Rs. 90.

• Rs. 90 is the absolute increase in the minimum support price of maize from 2019-2020 to 2020-2021.

Key Points

• Minimum Support Price for 2020-21.
• Commodity Maize
• MSP for 2019-20 (Rs per quintal) = Rs. 1760
• MSP for 2020-2021 (Rs per quintal) =Rs. 1850
• The increase over the previous year (Rs per quintal) = Rs. 90

Additional Information

• Minimum Support Price (MSP) of Paddy (Common) is increased to 1,868 per quintal for the 2020-21 season.
• The Government announces Minimum Support Prices (MSPs) for 22 mandated crops.
• It is based on the recommendations of the Commission for Agricultural Costs and Prices (CACP).

The correct answer is Rabbit.

Key Points

• Nocturnal animal
• An animal behaviour where it is active during the night and sleeping during the day.
• The common understanding is "nocturnal", versus diurnal meaning the opposite.
• Examples-
• Owls
• Bats
• Raccoon
• Badger
• Mouse
• Cockroach
• Moth
• Firefly
• Loris
• Pangolins
• Kibi
• Wildcat

The correct answer is Andhra Pradesh.

• The hill station 'Araku' is located in Andhra Pradesh.

Key Points

• Araku Valley is a hill station and valley region in the Andhra Pradesh State of India.
• Coffee was introduced in the Andhra Pradesh region in 1898 by the British.
• From Pamuleru valley in East Godavari district to Araku Valley in the early 19^th century.

Additional Information

• The Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade, under the Ministry of Commerce and Industry, has recently awarded a GI tag to Indian coffee.
• Five varieties were selected for this
• Coorg Arabica coffee
• Wayanad Robusta coffee
• Chikmagalur Arabica coffee
• Araku Valley Arabica coffee
• Bababudangiris Arabica coffee

The correct answer is Andhra Pradesh.

• Bobbili Veena is a well-known musical instrument from the state of Andhra Pradesh.

Key Points

• Bobbili veena is a stringed instrument used in the Carnatic classical music style.
• The Veena is named after Bobbili, a place of Andhra Pradesh.
• In 2011, the Government of India gives a Geographical Indication tag to the instrument.

​

Additional Information 

• Other Famous instruments
• Khomok: Bengali folk music
• Algoze: Originated from Sindhi music and has found a place in Punjabi and Baloch
• Udukai: According to Hindu mythology, Damru is the musical instrument of Shiva.
• Sambal: West India

The correct answer is Arid soil.

• Arid soil is not suitable for rice cultivation.

Key Points

• Rice is a tropical plant that requires sufficient water to grow well.
• Therefore, the soil used in growing rice should have a good water holding capacity.
• Silt clay, silt clay loam and clay are some of the soil textures that are best for rice farming.
• Fertile riverine alluvial soil is best for rice cultivation.

Additional Information

• Although the pH of rice soil become neutral, it should be 5 - 8. 
• Because, if the soil is more acidic or more alkaline, it will need more time to become neutral.
• As a result, the plant has to face an unfavourable situation.
• For example, rice cultivation or yield is not satisfactory in acid soil.
• Furthermore, flat lands are better for rice farming to allow balanced water distribution.

The pattern followed here is - All the diagrams which are outside the given figure comes inside the given figure and diagrams which are inside goes outside.

So, the diagram which is related to the third figure is

as this figure follows the pattern in which 2^nd figure is related to the 1^st one.

Hence, option 3 is the correct answer.

The logic used here is:

The T, V, and X are vertical symmetry as the line divides then equally in both the parts.

whereas,

The J is not a symmetrical, so the letter J has no vertical symmetry.

So, this is different from the rest.

Hence, option 2 is the correct answer.

Alternate Method

The logic followed is:

The minimum number of straight lines required to draw the figure T, V, X is 2.

whereas,

Figure J required 1 straight line and 1 curved line.

So, this is different from the rest.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 2".  

Important Points

• Something is symmetrical when it is the same on both sides.
• A shape has symmetry if a central dividing line (a mirror line) can be drawn on it, to show that both sides of the shape are exactly the same.

The pattern followed here is - there are 2 shaded portions in each figure one is present inside and the other is present outside and these shaded portion follows a pattern. The shaded portion which is outside rotates 90º clockwise in each step and the shaded portion inside rotates 90º  clockwise in the 2^nd step, 180º  in the 3^rd step, 270º in the 4^th step, 360º  in the 5^th step and again this pattern repeats that is in the next figure the inside shaded part will rotate 90º  clockwise.

So, the figure that follows this pattern is 

Hence, option 1 is the correct answer.

The pattern followed here is as follows:

Hence, option 4 is the correct answer.

The pattern followed here is, numbers 1, 2, 3, & 4 are rotating clockwise 1 step and the inverse image (upside down) is taken of number 5 in each subsequent figures.

So, the figure that will come next in the series will be 

.

Hence, option 2 is the correct answer.

The pattern followed here is:

The sum of both numbers in the pair is a perfect square 4 ∶ 12= 4 + 12 = 16 = 4²

Similarly,

10 ∶ 90 = 10 + 90 = 100 = 10²

Hence, option 4(10 : 90) is the correct answer.

Alternate solution;

4 : 12

Logic = square of 1^st number - first number = second number.

4 : 12 = 4² - 4 = 16 - 4 = 12

Similarly,

10 : 90 = 10² - 10 = 100 - 10 = 90.

Hence the answer is 10: 90.

The pattern followed here is:

Hence, option 2 is the correct answer.

The paper will unfold in following steps:

Hence, option 1 is the correct answer.

The opposite faces of the dice are as follows:

 

So, the only dice which can be formed after folding is 

Hence, option 4 is the correct answer.

In all other options except figure A each box has a diagram which has vertex in it but in diagram A has Circle in it i.e. figure with no vertex.

Hence, option 2 is the correct answer.

The correct mirror image when the mirror is placed to the right side of the figure is:

Hence, option 2 is the correct answer.

Using first and third Dice:

 

Here, 1 is common in both the positions and all other numbers are visible in these two positions except 6.

so, 1 would appear on the face opposite to the face having 6.

The  option figure that can replace the question mark (?) in the given figure and complete the pattern is 

Hence, option 4 is the correct answer.

A Set-top box is a device that allows a digital signal to be received, decoded, and displayed on a television.

Similarly,

Modem takes analog internet signals and turns them into digital signals so as to be used by computers.

So, Modem is related to 'Computer' in the same way in which Set-top box is related to 'Television'.

Hence, option 3 is the correct answer.

the pattern followed here is:

The product of 1^st and 2^nd number is equal to 3^rd number.

(4, 20, 80) = 4 × 20 = 80

Similarly,

(8, 40, 320) = 8 × 40 = 320

Hence, option 1 is the correct answer.

The pattern followed here is, the diagram which is present in the innermost part becomes the outer most part and the outer most diagram becomes the innermost diagram.

So, the figure which follows this pattern and is related to the first figure is 

Hence, option 2 is the correct answer.

Let the speed of 1^st and 2^nd train be 4x and 5x respectively.

Distance covered by 1^st train = 150 km

Time taken to cover 150 km = 2.5 hours

Speed of 1^st train = Distance ÷ Time = 150 ÷ 2.5 = 60 km/hr

But, Speed of 1^st train = 4x 

60 = 4x

60 ÷ 4 = x

15 = x

Speed of 2^nd train = 5x = 5 × 15 = 75 km/hr

Time taken to cover 150 km by 2^nd train = Distance ÷ Speed = 150 ÷ 75 = 2 hours.

Hence, option 1 is the correct answer.

As, Chair and Table both are Furniture so, they both will come under furniture only.

So, the correct Venn diagram that represents them will be 

Hence, option 2 is the correct answer.

From the given dice 

Clearly, face with one dot is common in both the position of dice and every other number of dots is visible in both the positions except face with 6 dots.

So, the face opposite to the face having one dot will be face with 6 dots.

Hence, option 2 is the correct answer.

The embedded figure lies in the following figure:

Hence, option 1 is the correct answer.

The following diagram contains English alphabets and their positional Value:

The pattern followed here is, inverse positional value of alphabet is written.

Positional value of M = 13 and, Inverse positional value of M = 27 - 13 = 14, which is the positional value of N.

Positional value of O = 15 and, Inverse positional value of O = 27 - 15 = 12, which is the positional value of L

Positional value of B = 2 and, Inverse positional value of B = 27 - 2 = 25, which is the positional value of Y

Positional value of I = 9 and, Inverse positional value of I = 27 - 9 = 18, which is the positional value of R

Positional value of L = 12 and, Inverse positional value of L = 27 - 12 = 15, which is the positional value of O

Positional value of E = 5 and, Inverse positional value of E = 27 - 5 = 22, which is the positional value of V

So, MOBILE will be coded as 'NLYROV'

Hence, option 2 is the correct answer.

The option figure that can replace the question mark (?) in the given figure to complete the pattern is 

 

Hence, option 4 is the correct answer.

We will check each option one by one, so as to find out which option satisfies the given equation.

1) - and ÷

14 ÷ 7 × 5 - 3 + 2 = 1

On interchanging,

= 14 - 7 × 5 ÷ 3 + 2

= 14 - 7  × 1.66 + 2

= 14 - 11.62 + 2

= 2.38 + 2

= 4.38 which is not equal to 1

 2) - and +

14 ÷ 7 × 5 - 3 + 2 = 1

On interchanging,

= 14  ÷ 7  × 5 + 3 - 2

= 2  × 5 + 3 - 2

= 10 + 3 - 2

= 13 - 2

= 11 which is not equal to 1

3) × and +

14 ÷ 7 × 5 - 3 + 2 = 1

On interchanging,

= 14 ÷ 7  + 5 - 3 × 2

= 2 + 5 - 6

= 7 - 6

= 1

So, option 3 satisfies the equation.

Hence, option 3 is the correct answer.

As Goggles, spectacles and Bifocals are worn by human beings but Optical reader is not worn , It is a device found within most computer scanners that captures visual information and translates the image into digital information the computer is capable of understanding and displaying. 

Hence, option 4 is the correct answer.

As, Biology is a natural science that studies life and living organisms, including their physical structure, chemical processes, molecular interactions, physiological mechanisms, development and evolution. Where as, Zoology is the branch of biology that studies the animal kingdom, including the structure, embryology, evolution, classification, habits and distribution of all animals, both living and extinct and, Zoography is a branch of Zoology concerned with the description of animals, their habitats etc.

So, Under Biology, Zoology will come and under zoology, zoography will come. The correct Venn diagram which shows the relation between these three is :

Hence, option 3 is the correct answer.

Given:

Inner circumference of a circular track is 1408 meters 

Track is 7 m wide

Cost of levelling a track at Rs. 6 per m²

Formula Used:

Circumference = 2πr

Area = πr² 

Where,

r is radius

Calculation:

Inner circumference = 2πr

⇒ 1408 = 2 × 22/7 × r

⇒ r = (1408 × 7)/(2 × 22)

⇒ r = 224 meters

Inner radius of circular track (r) = 224 meters

Track is 7 meters wide

Outer radius of circular track (R),

⇒ 7 + 224

⇒ 231 meters

Area of a track = πR² – πr²  

⇒ Area of a track = π(R² – r2) 

⇒ Area of a track = π (R + r)(R – r)

⇒ Area of a track = 22/7 × (231 + 224)(231 – 224)

⇒ Area of a track = 22/7 × 455 × 7

⇒ Area of a track = 22 × 455

Cost of leveling the track,

⇒ Rate × Area of a track

⇒ 6 × 22 × 455

⇒ 60,060

∴ Cost of leveling the track is Rs. 60,060.

Shortcut Trick Let the Income of B be 100x 

Income of A and B is 180x and 100x respectively

New Income of A = 180x [80/100] = 144x

New Income of B = 100x[160/100] = 160x

According to options 1)

⇒ [(160x - 144x)/144x ] × 100 = 11\(1\over9\)%

∴ B's Income is more than A's income by 11\(1\over9\)%

 

Alternate Method Given:

A's income is 80% more than B's income

Calculation:

Let B's income be Rs. 100

A's income,

⇒ B's income + 80% of B's income

⇒ 100 + (80/100 × 100)

⇒ 180

Now A's income is decreased by 20%

⇒ 180 – (20/100) × 180

⇒ 180 – 36

A's new income is Rs. 144

Now B's income increased by 60%

⇒ 100 + (60/100) × 100

⇒ 100 + 60

B's new income is Rs. 160

B's income is more than A's income,

⇒ 160 – 144

⇒ 16

In percent,

⇒ 16/144 × 100

⇒ 1/9 × 100

⇒ \(11\frac{1}{9}\)%

∴ B's income is more than A's income by \(11\frac{1}{9}\)%

Given:

Difference between two numbers is 1495

Concept Used:

Dividend = (Divisor × Quotient) + Remainder 

Calculation:

Let two numbers be x and y, x > y

⇒ x – y = 1495

⇒ x = 1495 + y      ---(i)

When x is divided by y, 

Quotient is 8 and Remainder is 25

⇒ x = (8 × y) + 25

⇒ x = 8y + 25

Putting the value of equation (i)

⇒ 1495 + y = 8y + 25

⇒ 1470 = 7y

⇒ y = 1470/7

⇒ y = 210

Putting the above value in the equation (i)

⇒ x = 1495 + 210

⇒ x = 1705

Now, the sum of two numbers 

⇒ x + y = 1705 + 210

⇒ x + y = 1915 

∴ The sum of two numbers is 1915.

Shortcut Trick 

According to the question 

Interest for the 3/2 years = 11310 - 10257

⇒ Interest for the 1 years = 1053 × 2/3 = 702

So, Principal = 10257 - 702 × (7/2) = 7800

So, (7800 × R)/100 = 702

⇒ R = 9%

So, The required S.I = 8400 × 14/3 × 9% = 3,528

∴ The required simple interest = Rs. 3,528

 

Alternate Method 

Given:

Rs. 10,257 amounts in\(​​3\frac{1}{2}\)years and Rs. 11, 310 amounts in 5 years.

Concept Used:

A = P + SI,

SI = (P × N × R)/100,

Where,

A is amount,

P is principle,

SI is simple interest,

N is total number of years,

R is rate

Calculation:

Let the principle be Rs. x

SI = A – P

SI in \(​​3\frac{1}{2}\)years,

⇒ 10,257 – x 

Putting this in the formula,

⇒ 10,257 – x = (x × \(​​3\frac{1}{2}\) × r)/100

⇒ 10,257 – x = (x × 7 × r)/(100 × 2)

⇒ r = 200(10,257 – x)/7x      ----(I) 

And SI in 5 years

⇒ 11,310 – x

Putting this in the formula,

⇒ 11,310 – x = (x × 5 × r)/100

⇒ 100(11,310 – x) = 5 × x × r

⇒ r = 100(11,310 – x)/5x      ----(II)

Comparing equation I and II,

⇒ 200(10,257 – x)/7x = 100(11,310 – x)/5x  

⇒ 2(10,257 – x)/7 = (11,310 – x)/5

⇒ 10(10,257 – x) = 7(11,310 – x)

⇒ 1,02,570 – 10x = 79,170 – 7x

⇒ 1,02,570 – 79,170 = – 7x + 10x

⇒ 23,400 = 3x

⇒ x = 23,400/3

⇒ x = 7,800

Principle = Rs. 7,800

Putting in equation I, we get

⇒ r = 200(10,257 – 7,800)/(7 × 7,800)

⇒ r = (200 × 2457)/(7 × 7,800)

⇒ r = 9%

Now simple interest on Rs. 8,400 for \(4\frac{2}{3}\) years at 9%

⇒ SI = (8,400 × \(4\frac{2}{3}\) × 9)/100

⇒ SI = (8,400 × 14 × 9)(100 × 3)

⇒ SI = Rs. 3,528

∴ The simple interest is Rs. 3,528

Given:

Dimensions of Cuboid,

32cm × 36cm × 44cm

Melted into number of solid balls of radius 12cm.

Formula Used:

Volume of Cuboid = l × b × h,

Where, 

l is length 

b is breadth, 

h is height

Volume of Solid ball = 4/3πr³

Where,

r is radius 

Calculation:

Let say total number of Solid ball that formed be n

Volume of Cuboid = n × Volume of single solid ball

⇒ 32 × 36 × 44 = n × 4/3πr3

⇒ 32 × 36 × 44 = n × 4/3 × 22/7 × (12)3

⇒ n = (32 × 36 × 44 × 3 × 7)/(4 × 22 × 12 × 12 × 12)

⇒ n = 7

∴ Total number of solid balls is 7.

Shortcut TrickAverage ×  Number = Sum

⇒ 68.5 × 16 = 1096

According to question

Then, 54 + 37 = 91  and 45 + 73 = 118

91 replaced by 118 So, 118 - 91 = 27 and 

⇒ 1096 + 27 = 1123 and after that x excluded

New Sum = 1123-x   ---(i)

New average is 68.5 - 1.5 = 67

⇒ 67 × 15( number) = 1005 ( new sum)  ---(ii)

From (i) & (ii) equal 

⇒ 1005 = 1123 - x 

⇒ x = 118

Alternate Method 

Given:

Average of 16 numbers is 68.5

54 and 37 are replaced by 45 and 73

Concept Used:

Average = Sum of all observations/Total number of observations

Calculation:

Sum of all observations = Average × Total number of observations

⇒ Sum of all observations = 68.5 × 16

⇒ Sum of all observations = 1096

54 and 37 are replaced by 45 and 73

⇒ 54 + 37 = 91 replaced by 45 + 73 = 118

91 is replaced by 118, and one more number, i.e. x is excluded

⇒ 118 – 91 = 27  is added to the total sum and x is excluded

New Sum = 1096 + 27 – x

⇒ New Sum = 1123 – x,

The average is decreased by 1.5

New average = 68.5 – 1.5

⇒ New average = 67

Total numbers = 16 – 1

⇒ Total numbers = 15

New sum of all observations = 67 × 15

⇒ New sum of all observations = 1005

⇒ x = New Sum –Sum

⇒ x = 1123 – 1005

⇒ x = 118

∴ The value of x is 118.

Shortcut Trick MP = Rs 640

According to question

Let the Cost price (CP)  be 100x 

SP = 120x ( Profit 20%)

then, Discount of 40% on MP means ∵ [Let the MP = 100 & SP = 60]

MP - Discount = SP

So, MP = (120x) × 100/60 = 200x

Now, 200x   →  Rs 640 (given)

⇒     100x    → ?

CP = (100x) × 640/200x =  Rs.320

 

Alternate Method 

Given:

Marked price of an article is Rs. 640

Earns 20% profit when offers 40% discount on MP.

Concept Used:

SP = (100 – D%)/100 × MP

Profit = SP – CP

Where,

SP is Selling price

CP is cost price

MP is marked price 

Calculation:

SP = (100 – 40)/100 × 640

⇒ SP = 60/100 × 640

⇒ SP = 6 × 64

⇒ SP = 384

Now profit % is 20%

20% = 1/5

⇒ Profit% = (1 + 5)/5

⇒ Profit% = 6/5,

where 6 is SP and 5 is CP,

Now comparing,

6 = 384

⇒ 1 = 384/6

⇒ 1 = 64

5 = 5 × 64

⇒ 5 = 320

∴ The cost price of an article is Rs. 320

Given:

Pipe A in 20 hours. 

Pipe B in 30 hours.

Pipe C empty in 10 hours.

Pipe A and B are opened for \(3\frac{1}{2}\)hours.

Formula Used:

Efficiency ×  Time taken = Total capacity of tank

Total capacity of tank = LCM of time taken

Calculation:

Total capacity of tank, 

⇒ LCM of 20, 30, and 10

⇒ 60

Total capacity of tank is 60 units.

Efficiency of Pipe A = 60/20

⇒ Efficiency of Pipe A = 3 units/hour.

Efficiency of Pipe B = 60/30

⇒ Efficiency of Pipe B = 2 units/hour.

Efficiency of Pipe C = 60/10

⇒ Efficiency of Pipe C = 6 units/ hour

Pipe A and B opened for \(3\frac{1}{2}\)hours.

⇒ Combine efficiency of A + B,

⇒  3 + 2   

⇒ 5 units/hour

\(3\frac{1}{2}\)hours = 7/2 hours

⇒ 5 × 7/2

⇒ 35/2 units filled  

Now Pipe C will work,

It will empty the 35/2 units in,

⇒ Time = (35/2)/6

⇒ Time = 35/12

⇒ Time = \(2\frac{{11}}{{12}}\)

⇒ Time = 2 hours and 55 minutes.

∴ Pipe C will empty the tank in 2 hours and 55 minutes.

Given:

Speed of a boat : Speed of current = 36 : 5

Concept Used:

Speed = Distance/Time 

⇒ Distance = Speed × Time

Speed of a boat in Downstream,

⇒ Speed of a Boat in Still Water + Speed of Stream

Speed of a boat in Upstream,

⇒ Speed of a Boat in Still Water – Speed of Stream

Calculation:

Let say Speed of boat in still water be x and Speed of stream be y,

x : y = 36 : 5

Speed in Downstream,

⇒ x + y

⇒ 36 + 5 = 41

Speed of Upstream,

⇒ x – y 

⇒ 36 – 5 = 31

Distance covered downstream for \(5\frac{1}{6}\)hours,

⇒ 41 × 31/6

While Returning, boat will travel in Upstream direction,

Upstream speed = 31

Time = Distance/Speed

⇒ Time =(41 × 31/6) / 31

⇒ Time = 41/6

⇒ Time = \(6\frac{5}{6}\)hours 

∴ Time taken to reach the starting point is \(6\frac{5}{6}\)hours.

Given:

Rs. 10,240 amounts Rs. 14,848 in 3 years

Formula Used:

For Simple interest, 

A = P + SI

SI = (P × N × R)/100

A is Amount,

SI is simple interest,

P is Principle,

N is total number of years

R is rate

For Compound interest,

A = P(1 + R/100)ⁿ

A is Amount,

P is Principle,

R is rate,

N is total number of years

Calculation:

Interest = Amount – Principle

⇒ Interest = 14,848 – 10,240

⇒ Interest = 4,608

SI = (P × N × R)/100

⇒ 4,608 = (10,240 × 3 × R)/100

⇒ R = (100 × 4,608)/(10,240 × 3) = 15%

Now the same compounded five monthly for 1\(\frac{1}{4}\) year

The new rate,

⇒ R' = 15 × 5/12

⇒ R' = 25/4%

New time,

⇒ 1/4 × a year

⇒ 1/4 × 12 months = 3 months

When compounded annually,

⇒ A = 10,240(1 + (25/4)/100)³

⇒ A = 10,240(1 + 25/400)³

⇒ A = 10,240(1 + 1/16)³

⇒ A = 10,240(17/16)³

⇒ A = 10,240 × 17/16 × 17/16 × 17/16

⇒ A = 12,282.50

∴ The amount when Componded is Rs. 12,282.50

Given:

CP of the article is Rs. 720

Sold at 13% profit

If sold at Rs. 86.40 more then profit is k%

Concept Used:

Profit% = (SP – CP)/CP × 100

Where,

SP is Selling price

CP is cost price

Calculation:

Profit = 13%

⇒ 13 = (SP – 720)/720 × 100

⇒ 13 × 7.2 = SP – 720

⇒ 93.6 = SP – 720

⇒ SP = 720 + 93.6

⇒ SP = 813.6

Now he sold for Rs. 86.40 more and gained k% profit

⇒ Total SP = 813.60 + 86.40

⇒ Total SP = 900 

Total profit % is k%

⇒ k = (900 – 720)/720 × 100

⇒ k = 180/720 × 100

⇒ k = 25%

∴ The value of k is 25.

Given:

The three numbers are 988, 1637, and 2345.

Concept Used:

HCF of big numbers is equal to the HCF of their differences.

Calculation:

1637 – 988 = 649

2345 – 1637 = 708

2345 – 988 = 1357

Now the HCF of 649, 708, and 1357 is,

⇒ 649 = 59 × 11

⇒ 708 = 59 × 12

⇒ 1357 = 59 × 23

The HCF of above three numbers is 59.

If we divide 988, 1637, and 2345 by HCF we will get same reminder.

⇒  988/59, then the reminder is 44.

⇒ 1637/59, then the reminder is 44.

⇒ 2345/59, then the reminder is 44.

∴ The common reminder in each case is 44.

Shortcut Trick

Let Savings = 1 unit.

Expenditure = 1 + 300% of 1 = 4 units.

Income = Expenditure + Savings = 4 + 1 = 5 units.

Using Net Deviation: Increase in (Exp × %E) + (Sav × %S) = Inc × %I

(4 × %E) + (1 × 20) = 5 × 30 ⇒ 4 × %E = 150 − 20 = 130 ⇒ %E = 32.5%.

∴ The correct answer is 32.5%.

Alternate Method

Given: Expenditure is 300% more than savings.

⇒ Let Initial Savings = ₹100

⇒ Initial Expenditure = 100 + (300% of 100) = ₹400

⇒ Initial Income = 400 + 100 = ₹500

⇒ New Income (30% increase) = 500 × 1.30 = ₹650

⇒ New Savings (20% increase) = 100 × 1.20 = ₹120

⇒ New Expenditure = New Income − New Savings = 650 − 120 = ₹530

⇒ Increase in Expenditure = 530 − 400 = ₹130

⇒ Percentage Increase = (130 ÷ 400) × 100 = 32.5%

∴ The correct answer is 32.5%.

Additional Information

Income-Expenditure Relation

Income is the sum of Expenditure and Savings. Income = Expenditure + Savings.

Percentage Increase Shortcut

Percentage Change = (Final Value − Initial Value) ÷ Initial Value × 100.

Weighted Average in Income

Income % change = (Exp Ratio × Exp % change + Sav Ratio × Sav % change) ÷ Total Ratio.