Delhi Police Constable Previous Year Paper (Held on: 14 Dec 2020 Shift 1)

The correct answer is The Prime Minister.

Key Points

The Prime Minister

• The Prime Minister is the real executive authority and the Head of the Government.
• Article 75 - The Prime Minister is appointed by the President.
• The Prime Minister is the ex-officio Chairman of NITI Aayog, National Integration Council, and Inter-State Council.
• The tenure of the Prime Minister is not fixed and he holds office during the pleasure of the President for 5 years.
• The oath of office to the Prime Minister is administered by the President.
• The first and longest-serving Prime Minister of India - Jawaharlal Nehru.
• The current Prime Minister of India - Narendra Modi.
• The oldest Prime Minister of India - Moraji Desai.
• The youngest Prime Minister of India - Rajiv Gandhi.

 

Additional Information

Speaker of the Lok Sabha

• The Speaker is the Presiding Officer of Lok Sabha.
• The Speaker of Lok Sabha is elected by the members of the Lok Sabha from amongst themselves.
• The Speaker presides over the joint sitting (Article 108) of both houses of the Parliament.
• The Speaker gives his resignation letter to the Deputy Speaker.
• The current Speaker of  Lok Sabha - Om Birla.
• The first Speaker of  Lok Sabha - G. V. Mavlankar.
• The first woman Speaker of  Lok Sabha - Meira Kumar.
• Article 81 - The Lok Sabha.
• The members of the Lok Sabha are directly elected by the people.
• The maximum strength of the Lok Sabha is fixed at 552 (530 are elected members, 20 members from Union Territories.
• Lok Sabha is not a permanent body and is subject to dissolution.
• The tenure of a member of the Legislative Assembly is 5 years.
• A money bill (Article 110) only can be introduced in the Lok Sabha.
• Uttar Pradesh has the largest representation in the Lok Sabha (80 seats).

The Vice-President

• The Vice-President is the Ex-officio Chairman of the Rajya Sabha.
• Article 63 - The Vice-President of India.
• The tenure of the Vice-President of India is 5 years.
• The oath of office to the Vice-President is administered by the President.
• The Vice-President of India gives his resignation letter to the President.
• The current Vice-President of India - Jagdeep Dhankhar (As of September 2022).
• The current Chairman of Rajya Sabha - Jagdeep Dhankhar (As of September 2022).
• The first Chairman of Rajya Sabha - Dr. S. Radhakrishnan.
• The longest-serving Vice-President of India - Mohammed Hamid Ansari.
• The shortest-serving  Vice-President of India - V. V. Giri.

Chairman of the Rajya Sabha​

• The Vice-President is the Ex-officio Chairman of the Rajya Sabha.
• The current Deputy Chairman of Rajya Sabha - Harivansh Narayan Singh.
• The first Chairman of Rajya Sabha - Dr. S. Radhakrishnan.
• The First Deputy Chairman of Rajya Sabha - S. V. Krishnamoorthy Rao.
• The longest-serving chairman of Rajya Sabha - Mohammed Hamid Ansari.
• The shortest-serving chairman of Rajya Sabha - V. V. Giri.
• Uttar Pradesh has the largest representation in the Rajya Sabha (31 members).
• Rajya Sabha was constituted on 3^rd April 1952.
• Rajya Sabha is known as the Upper House.
• Rajya Sabha is a permanent body and is not subject to dissolution.
• One-third of its members retire every two years.
• The maximum strength of the Rajya Sabha is fixed at 250 (238 are elected members and 12 members are nominated by the President) having special knowledge or practical experience in the fields of science, literature, arts, and social service.
• At present, there are 245 members in the Rajya Sabha. Out of which 233 are elected members and 12 are nominated members.
• There is no seat reserved for SCs and STs in Rajya Sabha.
• The tenure of a member of the Rajya Sabha is 6 years.
• The members are indirectly elected and nominated by means of a single transferable vote.
• The fourth schedule to the constitution deals with the allocation of seats in the Rajya Sabha to the States and Union Territories.

The correct answer is Tripura.

Key Points

• Garia Puja is one of the main festivals of Tripura.
• Garia Puja is a festival celebrated in the third week of April.
• Lord Garia, the deity of livestock and wealth, is worshipped with flowers and garland in this festival.
• The Garia Puja is conducted with these ingredients: cotton thread, rice, fowl chick, rice beer, wine, earthen pots, eggs, and wine.
• It involves an old age tradition of sacrificing the fowl before the deity, and to get the blessings of the Lord, the blood of the fowl is sprayed before the Lord.
• While the festival is being celebrated, no one is allowed to cross the shadow of the bamboo tree, which is symbolic god Garia, due to the fear of annoying the Lord.
• The festival witnesses the children playing drums, singing, and dancing before Lord Garia in order to appease him.

 

Additional Information

Tripura

• Kharchi Festival, Ker Puja, Bizu Festival, Tirtha Mukh Festival, Ashokastami, Ganga Puja, Lampra Puja, Wah festival are important festivals of Tripura.
• Capital: Agartala.
• Chief Minister: Manik Saha
• Governor: Satyadev Narayan Arya
• Official Language: Kokborok, English, Bengali.

Madhya Pradesh

• Khajuraho Dance Festival, Ujjain Kumbh Mela, Lokrang Festival, Bhagoria Haat Festival, Tansen Music Festival, Pachmarhi Utsav are important festivals of Madhya Pradesh.
• Capital: Bhopal.
• Chief Minister: Shivraj Singh Chouhan.
• Governor: Mangubhai C. Patel
• Official Language: Hindi.

Punjab

• Lohri ,Baisakhi , Hola Mohalla, Karwa Chauth, Basant Panchmi, Teeyan, Gurupurab are important festivals of Punjab.
• Capital: Chandigarh.
• Chief Minister: Bhagwant Mann
  

Governor: Banwarilal Purohit

• Official Language: Punjabi.

Arunachal Pradesh

• Siang River Festival, Pangsau Pass Winter Festival, Ziro Festival of Music, Solung, Nyokum, Losar Festival, Dree Festival, Boori Boot, Loku, Sanken are important festivals of Arunachal Pradesh.
• Capital: Itanagar.
• Chief Minister: Pema Khandu.
• Governor: B. D. Mishra.
• Official Language: English.

The correct answer is bacterial.

• Pyorrhoea is a bacterial infection, which affects the gum tissues and if left untreated, it often leads to the subsequent loss of teeth.

Key Points

• Pyorrhoea is a serious gum infection that damages the gums, ligaments and can destroy the jawbone.
• Pyorrhea is caused by bacteria is known as Pyorrhea alveolaris.
• The symptoms of Pyorrhea are bleeding gums, pus discharge, bad breath, and loose teeth.

Additional Information

Bacteria

• Bacteria were discovered by Anton Van Leeuwenhoek.
• Bacteria belong to the animal kingdom - Monera.
• Reproduction of bacteria is mainly by binary fission.
• The different shape of bacteria is classified into Coccus, Bacillus, Vibrio, and Spirillum.
• Coccus - Spherical or oval-shaped bacteria.
• Bacillus - Rod-shaped bacteria.
• Vibrio - comma-shaped bacteria.
• Spirillum - Spiral-shaped bacteria.
• ​The bacterial diseases are Cholera, Tuberculosis, Typhoid, Plague, Syphilis, Anthrax, Leprosy, Tetanus, Diphtheria, Pertussis.

Virus

• The virus was discovered by Dimitri Ivanoski.
• A virus is a nucleoprotein.
• It can replicate only inside the living cell of an organism.
• Nucleoprotein contains either DNA or RNA as genetic material.
• The protein coating of a virus is known as Capsid.
• ​The viral diseases are COVID, Chickenpox, Common Cold, Measles, Polio Myelitis, Rabies, Smallpox, Dengue fever, Chikungunya, SARS, Swine flue, Bird flue, Mumps.

Fungus

• Fungi are multinucleated.
• The body of the fungus is made up of filaments are called Mycelium.
• The fungal diseases are Athlete foot, Ringworm, Aspergillosis, Candidiasis.

Parasites

• Parasitic disease is an infectious disease caused or transmitted by a parasite.
• The parasitic diseases are **Malaria, Trichomoniasis, Toxoplasmosis, Cryptosporidiosis.**​

Mistake Points

• Bacteria and Protozoa both are reasons to cause Pyorrhoea.
• Bacterial Pyorrhoea is found in large quantities in comparison to Protozoa.

The correct answer is Pallavas.

• Mallikarjuna and the Virupaksha temples at Pattadakal were built by the two queens of King Vikramaditya II, to commemorate the victory of the Chalukyas over the Pallavas.

Key Points

• Mallikarjuna temple is located at Srisailam in Andhra Pradesh.
• Virupaksha temple is located in Hampi in the Bellary district of Karnataka.
• It is a part of the monuments in Hampi and a UNESCO World Heritage site.
• Pallavas were the local tribe who established their authority in the Tondaimandalam or land of creepers.
• They were orthodox Brahmanical Hindus and their capital was Kanchi.
• Both Chalukyas and Pallavas tried to establish their supremacy over land between Krishna and Tungabhadra.
• Pallava King Narasimhavarman occupied Chalukya capital Vatapi in about 642 AD and assumed the title Vatapikonda (Conqueror of Vatapi).

Additional Information

Guptas 

• Gupta Dynasty ruled the middle of the 3rdcentury (approximately) to 543 AD.
• The Gupta dynasty period is referred to as the 'Classical Age or Golden Age' of Ancient India.
• Sri Gupta was the founder Gupta dynasty
• Sri Gupta was followed by his son Ghatokkacha and was followed by his son Chandragupta.
• Both assumed the title of Maharaja.
• Chandragupta I was the first ruler to assume the title Maharajadhiraja.
• Samudragupta was called the Napolean of India.
• Chandragupta II adopted the title Vikramaditya.
• Skandagupta was the last great ruler of the Gupta dynasty.

Mauryas

• Chandragupta Maurya founded the Maurya Empire in 322 BCE when he conquered the kingdom of Magadha.
• Chandragupta Maurya was succeeded by his son, Bindusara, in 298 BCE.
• Bindusara expanded the Maurya Empire southward, with Chanakya as his advisor.
• Bindusara was succeeded by his son, Ashoka the Great, in 272 BCE.
• Under Ashoka the Great, the Maurya Empire expanded into the southern part of the Indian subcontinent.

Pandavas 

• Pandavas were the five powerful and skilled sons of Pandu, the King of Hastinapur, and his two wives Kunti and Madri.
• Hastinapur is equated with the current modern Indian state of Haryana, south of New Delhi.
• The Pandavas five persons are Yudhistira, Bhima, Arjuna, Nakula, and Sahadeva.
• The Pandavas are the central characters in the most applauded epic in Hinduism, the Mahabharata.
• The brothers were famously involved in the Kurukshetra War with their cousins the Kauravas over who would control the throne of Hastinapur, and were, ultimately, victorious.

The correct answer is The President.

• The President can appoint the Comptroller and Auditor General (CAG) of India.

Key Points

• The CAG of India is the head of the Indian Audit and Accounts department.
• The CAG of India is known as the Watch Dog of Public Purse or the Guardian of Public Purse.
• Article 148 - The CAG of India.
• The CAG of India holds office for a term of 6 years or until 65 years of age whichever is earlier.
• The CAG of India gives his resignation letter to the President.
• The first CAG of India - V. Narahari Rao.
• The current CAG of India - K. Sanjay Murthy.

Additional Information

The Prime Minister

• The Prime Minister is the real executive authority and the Head of the Government.
• Article 75 - The Prime Minister is appointed by the President.
• The Prime Minister is the ex-officio Chairman of NITI Aayog, National Integration Council, and Inter-State Council.
• The tenure of the Prime Minister is not fixed and he holds office during the pleasure of the President's 5 years.
• The oath of office to the Prime Minister is administered by the President.
• The first and longest-serving Prime Minister of India - Jawaharlal Nehru.
• The current Prime Minister of India - Narendra Modi.
• The oldest Prime Minister of India - Moraji Desai.
• The youngest Prime Minister of India - Rajiv Gandhi.

The Chief Justice of the Supreme Court

• First Chief Justice of India - Harilal J. Kania.
• The 52^nd and Current Chief Justice of India - Bhushan Ramkrishna Gavai.
• First woman Judge of India - Fathima Beevi.
• Longest Serving Chief Justice of India - Y. V. Chandrachood.
• Shortest Serving Chief Justice of India - Kamal Narain Singh.
• Supreme Court stands at the apex of the 'Judicial System of India'.
• It is the ultimate interpreter of the Constitution and the laws of the land.
• Supreme Court was inaugurated on 28^th January 1950.
• Article 124 - Establishment and Constitution of the Supreme Court.
• At present, the Supreme Court consists of 34 judges (one Chief Justice of India and 33 judges).
• The senior-most judge of the Supreme Court is appointed by the President as the Chief Justice of India.
• The judges of the Supreme Court are appointed by the President after consultation with the Chief Justice.
• The Oath of affirmation to the judges of the Supreme Court is administered by the President.
• A judge of the Supreme Court holds the office till he attains the age of 65 years.
• A judge of the Supreme Court may resign his office by writing to the President.
• The tenure of the Supreme court has not fixed.
• New Delhi is the permanent seat of the Supreme Court.

The Vice President

• The Vice-President is the Ex-officio Chairman of the Rajya Sabha.
• Article 63 - The Vice-President of India.
• The tenure of the Vice-President of India is 5 years.
• The oath of office to the Vice-President is administered by the President.
• The Vice-President of India gives his resignation letter to the President.
• The current Vice-President of India - Jagdeep Dhankhar.
• The current Chairman of Rajya Sabha - Jagdeep Dhankhar.
• The first Chairman of Rajya Sabha - Dr. S. Radhakrishnan.
• The longest-serving Vice-President of India - Mohammed Hamid Ansari.
• The shortest-serving  Vice-President of India - V. V. Giri.

The correct answer is Electroencephalogram.

Key Points

• EEG stands for Electroencephalogram.
• An EEG is used to detect problems in the electrical activity of the brain that may be associated with certain brain disorders.
• The measurements given by an EEG are used to confirm various conditions including head injury, epilepsy, brain tumor, memory problems, stroke, sleep disorders.
• Brain cells communicate with each other through electrical impulses.
• An EEG tracks and records brain wave patterns.
• Small flat metal discs called electrodes are attached to the scalp with wires.
• The electrodes analyze the electrical impulses in the brain and send signals to a computer that records the results.
• The electrical impulses in an EEG recording look like wavy lines with peaks and valleys.
• These lines allow doctors to quickly assess whether there are abnormal patterns.
• Any irregularities may be a sign of seizures or other brain disorders.

The correct answer is Fungus.

Explanation:

• Ringworm is a common skin infection caused by fungus.
• Ringworm or Tinea is a rash caused by a fungal infection.
• It's usually a red, itchy, circular rash with clearer skin in the middle.
• Ringworm of the body is related to athlete's foot (tinea pedis), jock itch (tinea cruris), and ringworm of the scalp (tinea capitis).
• Ringworm often spreads by direct skin-to-skin contact with an infected person or animal.

Additional Information

Fungi

• Fungi are multinucleated.
• The body of the fungus is made up of filaments are called Mycelium.
• The fungal diseases are Athlete foot, Ringworm, Aspergillosis, Candidiasis.

Virus

• The virus was discovered by Dimitri Ivanoski.
• The virus is a nucleoprotein.
• It can replicate only inside the living cell of an organism.
• Nucleoprotein contains either DNA or RNA as genetic material.
• The protein coating of a virus is known as Capsid.
• ​The viral diseases are COVID, Chickenpox, Common Cold, Measles, Polio Myelitis, Rabies, Smallpox, Dengue fever, Chikungunya, SARS, Swine flue, Bird flue, Mumps.

Bacteria

• Bacteria were discovered by Anton Van Leeuwenhoek.
• Bacteria belong to the animal kingdom - Monera.
• Reproduction of bacteria is mainly by binary fission.
• The different shape of bacteria is classified into Coccus, Bacillus, Vibrio, and Spirillum.
• Coccus - Spherical or oval-shaped bacteria.
• Bacillus - Rod-shaped bacteria.
• Vibrio - comma-shaped bacteria.
• Spirillum - Spiral-shaped bacteria.
• ​The bacterial diseases are Cholera, Tuberculosis, Typhoid, Plague, Syphilis, Anthrax, Leprosy, Tetanus, Diphtheria, Pertussis.

Protozoa

• Protozoa is a group of unicellular eukaryotic organisms.
• The protozoa diseases are Malaria, Trichomoniasis, Leishmania, Trypanosoma, Toxoplasmosis, Cryptosporidiosis.

The correct answer is Dr. B. R. Ambedkar.

• B. R. Ambedkar was appointed as the first Law Minister of Independent India in 1947.

Key Points

• B. R. Ambedkar is popularly known as 'Babasaheb' on 14^th April 1891 in Indore city in Madhya Pradesh.
• He was the great leader of the Depressed class and an eminent jurist.
• He is known as the chief architect of the Indian Constitution and father of the Indian Constitution.
• He became the Chairman of the Drafting Committee.
• Ambedkar considered the Right to Constitutional Remedy as the "Soul of the Indian Constitution".
• Ambedkar was the first Indian to get a Doctorate (Ph.D.) degree in Economics from abroad.
• Ambedkar was against the caste-based discriminations in society and advocated the Dalits to organize and demand their rights.
• He was appointed to the Rajya Sabha in 1952 and remained a member till his death.
• He conferred with Bharat Ratna on 31^st March 1990.
• Resting place - Chaitya Bhoomi.

​

Additional Information

Lokmanya Tilak

• Tilak is popularly known as 'Lokmanya'.
• Tilak is also known as 'The father of Indian Unrest'.
• Swaraj is my birthright is the slogan raised by Tilak.
• Gandhiji called him 'The Maker of Modern India'.
• Tilak described the Indian National Congress session as 'Holiday Recreation'.

Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel

• The first deputy Prime Minister of India - Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel.
• Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel is known as The Iron Man of India.
• Sardar title was given by Gandhiji.
• The birthday of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel is celebrated as National Unity Day (October 31^st).
• The tallest statue in the world - Sardar Vallabhai Patel (182 meters) known as the Statue of Unity in Vadodara on the banks of the Narmada river in Gujarat.

Lal Bahadur Shastri

• Lal Bahadur Shastri is known as the 'Man of Peace'.
• The Prime Minister who led India during the 1965 war with Pakistan is Lal Bahadur Shastri.
• The only Indian Prime Minister to die outside India is Lal Bahadur Shastri.
• The first Prime Minister to born in the 20th Century (2nd October 1904) at Varanasi in Uttar Pradesh.
• Lal Bahadur Shastri is the first person to receive Bharat Ratna posthumously in 1966.
• He was the second PM to die in harness after Nehru.
• The famous slogan 'Jai Jawan Jai Kizan' was raised by Lal Bahadur Shastri.
• Lal Bahadur Shastri Airport is formerly known as Varanasi Airport.
• Resting place - Vijayghat.

The correct answer is Pedology.

Key Points

• Pedology is the integrated approach to study soil as a collection of natural bodies.
• The Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) has classified soils into 8 categories.
• Alluvial Soil, Black Cotton Soil or Regur Soil, Red Soil, Laterite Soil, Mountainous or Forest Soils, Arid or Desert Soil, Saline and Alkaline Soil, Peaty and Marshy Soil.

 

Additional Information

Ecology

• Ecology is the branch of science that deals with the relationships between living organisms, including humans, and their physical environment.
• An ecosystem consists of a community of organisms together with their physical environment consists of two components Biotic and Abiotic.
• Biotic consists of living organisms (Producers, Consumers, Decomposers).
• Abiotic consists of non-living organisms (air, water, soil, and Sunlight).
• The food chain is a linear sequence of organisms where nutrients and energy transferred from one organism to another.
• Producers make their own food Producers include all autotrophs such as plants. They are called autotrophs as they can produce food through the process of photosynthesis.
• Primary Consumers depend on the producers. Example - Rat.
• Secondary consumers depend on the primary consumer for energy. Example- Snake.
• Tertiary consumers depend on the secondary consumers for the food. Example- Eagle.
• Decomposers are microorganisms that decompose the dead and decaying material into humus which enriches the soil. Example - Bacteria, Fungus.

Serology

• Serology is the study of antibodies in blood serum.
• Blood is a fluid connective tissue and composed of plasma, blood corpuscles, and platelets.
• It is slightly basic in nature (pH value is between 7.35-7.45).
• Blood is the constituent of 7% body weight usually in male, the total volume of blood is 5-6 liters and in female is 4-5 liters.
• The oxygenated blood is bright red while the deoxygenated blood is purple in colour.
• Plasma: is a straw viscous fluid and consists of 92% of water and 8% of proteins (Fibrinogen, Albumin, Globulin).
• Red Blood Corpuscles: RBC is also known as Erythrocytes and produced in the bone marrow. RBC is stored in the spleen. RBC is destroyed in the liver. The lifespan of RBC is 120 days. Haemoglobin is responsible for the red colour of the blood. The amount of haemoglobin in male is 14-15% while in female is 13-14%.
• White Blood Corpuscles: WBC is also known as Leukocytes and produced in the bone marrow. WBC protects our immune system. WBC is destroyed in the liver. The lifespan of WBC is 2-3 weeks.
• Platelets: contains the clotting factors and produced in the bone marrow. Platelet is destroyed in the spleen. The lifespan of a platelet is 5-9 days.

Oenology

• Oenology is the science and **study of wine and winemaking.**​

Important Points

• Father of  Ecosystem - Arthur Tansley.
• Blood group discovered by Karl Landsteiner.
• Serum Institute of India - Pune.
• Indian Institute of Soil Science - Bhopal.

The correct answer is Kiran Bedi.

Key Points

Kiran Bedi

• Kiran Bedi is a retired IPS Officer, Indian Politician, former tennis player, and social activist.
• Kiran Bedi was the 24^th Lieutenant Governor of Puducherry from 28^th May 2016 to 16^th February 2021.
• She was the first female Indian Police Service (IPS) officer and started her service in 1975.
• She also served as the Director-General of the Bureau of Police Research and Development (2005-2007) and Police Adviser and Director of United Nations Police (2003-2005).
• She got the Ramon Magsaysay award (1994), President's Police Medal (1979), United Nations Medal.

Additional Information

Saina Bedi

• Saina Bedi is the daughter of Kiran Bedi.

Prem Mathur​

• Prem Mathur is the first Indian female Commercial Pilot.
• She got Commercial Pilot Licence in 1947.
• In 1947, she started flying in Deccan Airways.
• She got National Air Race in 1949.

​Vimla Mehra

• Vimla Mehra is a retired IPS Officer and started her service in 1978.
• She was the first woman officer will occupy the crucial post of Special Commissioner of Police (CP), Administration, for the first time in the history of Delhi Police.
• She was head of the Licensing Branch of the Delhi Police, served as Deputy Inspector General of the then-nascent Rapid Action Force in the CRPF, and worked as Joint Commissioner of Police in the Special Branch, Delhi Police.

The correct answer is National Sample Survey Office.

• The National Sample Survey Office (NSSO) was set up in 1950, with the idea of having a permanent survey organization to collect data on various facets of the economy.
• In order to assist in socio-economic planning and policymaking, NSSO conducts nationwide sample surveys known as National Sample Survey (NSS).
• The NSS is a continuing survey in the sense that it is carried out in the form of successive “rounds”, each round usually of a year's duration covering several topics of current interest.
• The surveys are conducted through household interviews, using a random sample of households covering practically the entire geographical area of the country.
• The government has decided to merge the National Sample Survey Office (NSSO) with the Central Statistics Office (CSO) under the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MoSPI).
• The order dated 23rd May 2019 has cleared the formation of an overarching body - the National Statistical Office (NSO) through the merger of the NSSO and the CSO.
• The employees of the NSSO are from the Indian Statistical Service and the Subordinate Statistical Service.
• Rao Inderjit Singh is the agency executive of the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MoSPI).

The correct answer is Silver.

• Silver has the highest conductivity of all metals.

Key Points

Silver

• Atomic number - 47.
• Mass number - 107.87.
• Chemical symbol - Ag.
• Silver belongs to the second transition series and group 11 elements of the periodic table.
• Silver belongs to D-block elements.
• Silver is a lustrous, soft, very ductile and malleable metal.
• It has the highest electrical conductivity of all metals, but it is not widely used for electrical purposes as it is very expensive.
• Silver is not a chemically active metal, however nitric acid and hot concentrated sulfuric acid will react with it.
• Silver does not oxidize in the air, it reacts with hydrogen sulfide in the air, causing the metal to tarnish due to the formation of silver sulfide.
• Silver can be obtained from pure deposits as well as from silver ores such as horn silver and argentite.
• It can also be obtained as a by-product along with deposits of ores containing gold, copper, or lead.
• Silver products require regular cleaning.
• Silver is stable in water.

Additional Information

Aluminum

• Atomic number - 13.
• Mass number - 26.981.
• Chemical symbol - Al.
• Aluminum belongs to group 13 and the boron family.
• Aluminum belongs to P-block elements.
• Hall Heroult's process - Production of Aluminium.
• Aluminum is extracted from bauxite.
• The Aluminium compound is used for making precious stones artificially - Aluminium oxide.
• The double sulfate of  Aluminium - Alum.
• Alum is used for purifying water and used as a mordant.
• The alloy of aluminum widely used in aircraft construction - Duralumin.
• Aluminum is the metal that is used to make CDs.
• Aluminum is the metal that is used in reflecting telescopes.

​Iron

• Atomic number - 26.
• Mass number - 55.84.
• Chemical symbol - Fe.
• Iron belongs to the first transition series and group 8 elements of the periodic table.
• Iron belongs to D-block elements.
• Haematite, Magnetite, Iron pyrites are the ores of Iron.
• The impure form of Iron is called Pig Iron.
• Iron is a shiny greyish colour, bright white metal that is soft, malleable, ductile and strong.
• Its surface is usually discolored by corrosion since it combines readily with the oxygen of the air in the presence of moisture.
• In absolutely dry air, it does not rust.

​Steel

• Steel is an alloy of iron and carbon.
• Bessemer process - Production of Steel.
• Steel is the most important construction material.
• The most important properties of steel are great formability and durability, good tensile and yield strength, and good thermal conductivity.

The correct answer is Seventh.

Key Points

Seventh Schedule 

• The Seventh Schedule to the constitution provides three lists for the distribution of legislative subjects between the Centre and the State.
• Division of powers between the Union and the States in terms of List 1 (Union List), List 2 (State List), and List 3 (Concurrent List).
• List 1 (Union List):
• ​The Parliament has exclusive power to make laws with respect to any of the subjects enumerated in the Union List.
• At present, the Union List has 100 subjects (originally 97).
• The important subjects are Defence, External Affairs, Railways, Highways, Lotteries, Corporation tax, Census, Income Tax, Post office.
• List 2 (State List):
• ​The State legislatures have, in normal circumstances, exclusive powers to make laws with respect to any of the subjects enumerated in the State List.
• At present, the State List has 61 subjects (originally 66).
• The important subjects are Police, Local Self Government, Public Health and Sanitation, Agriculture, Fisheries, Taxes on agricultural income.
• List 3 (Concurrent List):
• Both the Parliament and the State legislatures can make laws with respect to any of the subjects enumerated in the Concurrent List.
• At present, the Concurrent List has 52 subjects (originally 47).
• The important subjects are Education, Electricity, Forests, Protection of Wild Animals, Population Control and family planning, Price control, Marriage and divorce.​

Additional Information

Second Schedule

• The Second Schedule to the constitution provides the salary and emoluments, allowances, privileges of:
• The President, The Governors of States, The Speaker, and the Deputy Speaker of the Lok Sabha, The Chairman and the Deputy Chairman of the Rajya Sabha, The Speaker, and the Deputy Speaker of the Legislative Assembly in the States, The Chairman and the Deputy Chairman of the Legislative Council of the States, The Judges of the Supreme Court and High Court, Comptroller Auditor General of India.

Ninth Schedule

• Acts and Regulations of the state legislatures dealing with land reforms and the abolition of the Zamindari system and of the Parliament dealing with the others.
• This schedule was added by the 1^st Amendment Act 1951 to protect the laws included in it from judicial scrutiny on the grounds of violation of fundamental rights.

Sixth Schedule

• Provisions related to the administration of tribal areas in the states of Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura, and Mizoram.

Important Points

• Article 246 - The Seventh Schedule to the constitution provides three lists for the distribution of legislative subjects between the Centre and the State.
• The idea of the Union List and State list was borrowed from the Canadian Constitution.
• The idea of the Concurrent list was borrowed from the Australian Constitution.

The correct answer is Nethra Mohandas.

Nethra Mohandas was appointed as the ‘Goodwill Ambassador to the Poor’ for UNADAP (United Nations Association for Development And Peace) in June 2020.

Key Points

• Nethra Mohandas is a 13-year-old girl from Madurai in Tamil Nadu and the daughter of the salon owner.
• Nethra will also get an opportunity to talk at the United Nations (UN) conferences in New York and Geneva.
• She will also get an award from the agency's 'DIXON Scholarship' worth Rs 1 lakh.
• Nethra, who aspires to become an IAS officer, will be able to use this opportunity to meet and engage with world leaders, politicians, academics, and professors.
• UNADAP is an organization run by former Diplomats, International civil servants, political ministers, and anti-corruption activists, championing world leaders to Integrity, Justice, and Peace.

Additional Information

Alia Bhatt

• Alia Bhatt is an Indian actress and singer who works in Hindi films.
• She got Filmfare Awards (2019, 2020),

Ayushmann Khurrana

• Ayushmann Khurrana is an Indian actor, singer, and television host who works in Hindi films.
• Ayushmann Khurrana was roped in as UNICEF’s Indian celebrity advocate for children’s rights campaign in September 2020.
• He got National Film Awards (2019).

Ashok Amritraj

• Ashok Amritraj is an Indian-American Film producer and former professional tennis player.
• Ashok Amritraj is the Chairman and CEO of the Hyde Park Entertainment Group and was formerly CEO of National Geographic Films.
• An internationally renowned award-winning producer, Amritraj has made over 100 films during the span of his 35-year career.

​

Important Points

• Dr. Dominic F Dixon is the Executive Director of UNADAP.

The correct answer is Vijayalaya Chola.

The Chola dynasty was founded by Vijayalaya Chola.

Additional Information

Chola dynasty

• The Chola Empire of the South emerged in the ​9th century AD (850-1279 AD).
• The founder of Chola Dynasty - Vijayalaya.
• Vijayalaya captured Tanjore in 850 AD and he took the title of Narkesari.
• The ancient capital of Cholas was Palayarai.
• Aditya Chola defeated the Pallava king Aparajit and captured Tondamanadalam and took the title of 'Maduaikonda'.
• The greatest Chola ruler was Rajaraja (985-1014 AD) and Rajendra I (1014-1044 AD).
• Rajaraja built Brihadeshwara temple / Rajarajeshwara temple (attributed to Shiva) at Tanjore.
• Rajendra I conquered Orissa, Bengal, Burma, and Andaman and Nicobar Islands. The Chola dynasty was as its zenith during his reign.
• Rajendra I defeated the Pala king Mahipala and took the title of Gangaikondachola and built a city called Gangaikondacholapuram.
• King Rajasimha built the Kailashnath temple at Kancheepuram.
• Parantak I built Koranganatha temple at Srini wasanllur.
• Rajaraja II built the Airawteshwar temple at Darasuram.
• Kullotung III built the Kampahreshwar temple at Tribhuvan.
• The last ruler of the Chola dynasty was Rajendra III.
• Land revenue and trade tax were the main sources of income.
• The Chola empire divided into Mandalams (Province) and these were divided into Valanadu (Commissionary), Nadu (District), and Kurram ( a group of villages)

The correct answer is Plateau.

An extensive elevated area of relatively flat land is called a plateau.

Key Points

Plateau

• Plateau is extensive upland areas characterized by the flat and rough top surface and steep walls which rise above the neighboring ground surface at least for 300m.
• Intermountainous Plateau: Plateaus formed between mountains.
• An example is Tibetan Plateau.
• Mountainstep Plateau: The flat region between a plain and the base of a mountain.
• Continental Plateaus: These are formed when the Lacolith inside the Earth comes to the surface due to weathering.
• An example is Southern Plateau.
• Bank Plateaus: These are the plateaus on the banks of the ocean.
• Domelike Plateaus: These are formed due to the movement of man and animals on the surface.
• An example is Ramgarh Plateau.

Additional Information

Glacier

• Glacier is a mass of ice sliding down the slope from a snow-clad region.
• While a glacier is moving, the friction of the ice at the bottom slows down the movement of the bottom layers.
• Continental glaciers and Alpine glaciers are the two main types of glaciers.
• Continental Glacier: An extensive sheet of ice spreading across a vast region sometimes begins to move due to the pressure of the ice.
• Such glaciers are seen in Antarctica and Greenland.
• Alpine Glacier: The mass of ice sliding down from the mountains. There are snow-field in the mountainous regions of the Himalayas, the Andes, the Rocky Mountain etc.

Mountain

• The height of the mountains is over 600m and it has conical peaks.
• The four types of mountains are Block mountains, Fold mountains, Accumulated mountains, Residual mountains.
• ​Block mountains: It is formed when a great block of the earth's crust may be raised or lowered due to tectonic activities. The land between the parallel faults either rises to form Block mountains or horsts or subsides into a depression termed as Rift valley or Garben. Examples are Black forest (Germany), Satpura and Vindhya Range (India), Salt Range Pakistan.
• Fold mountains: These are formed due to the compressive forces generated by endogenetic forces like earthquakes and landslides. Examples are the Himalayas, Andes, Alps, Rockies, Atlas.
• Accumulated mountains: These are formed due to the accumulation of sand, soil, rocks, lava etc on the earth's crust. Sand Dunes is an example.
• Residual mountains: These are formed as a result of erosion of plateaus and high planes by various agents of erosion. Examples are Aravalli, Nilgiri, Deccan Plateau, Rajmahal of India, Sierra (Spain)​

Lagoon

• The shallow lake is formed between the sand and the sea coast.
• Such a lake is called Kayal in Kerala.

Important Points

• The highest plateau in the world - Tibetan Plateau (5000m).
• The highest mountain in the world - Mount Everest (8848m).
• The highest glacier in the world - Lambert-Fisher.

The correct answer is David Attenborough.

David Attenborough was conferred the Indira Gandhi Peace Prize 2020 by former Prime Minister Manmohan Singh.

Key Points

• David Attenborough is an English broadcaster and natural historian.
• He is a former Senior Manager at the BBC.
• He got National Television Award (2006), Kew International Award (1996), Kalinga Prize (1981).
• The Indira Gandhi Prize for Peace, or the Disarmament, and Development is an annual prestigious award named after former prime minister Indira Gandhi.
• It is conferred every year by Indira Gandhi Memorial Trust since 1986.
• It consists of a citation and a monetary award of Rs. 25 lakh.
• The award recognizes creative efforts by individuals or organizations working towards:
• Creating new international economic order.
• Promoting international peace & development.
• Ensuring that scientific discoveries are used for the larger good of humanity and enlarging the scope of freedom.

Additional Information

Jeff Corwin

• Jeff Corwin is an American biologist and wildlife conservationist.
• He is known for hosting Disney Channel's Going wild with Jeff Corwin.
• The Jeff Corwin Experience on the Animal Planet and ABC's ocean treks with Jeff Corwin

​Richard Attenborough

• Richard Attenborough was an English actor, filmmaker, and entrepreneur.
• He was the president of the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art (RADA) and the British Academy of Film and Television Arts (BAFTA), Chairman of Capital Radio, and President of the Gandhi Foundation.
• He is also a vice patron of the Cinema and Television Benevolent Fund and lifetime president of the Chelsea Football Club**.**

George Page

• George Page was an American television host.
• He had a longtime career in broadcast journalism at NBC.

Important Points

• Parliamentarian for Global Actions has conferred the first Indira Gandhi Peace Prize in 1986.

The correct answer is 2 October 2014.

Additional Information

Swachh Bharat Mission

• Swachh Bharat Mission is a Clean India Mission launched on 2nd October 2014 by the Prime Minister of India Narendra Modi at Rajghat in New Delhi.
• Swachh Bharat Mission is a country-wide campaign initiated by the Government of India is aimed to eliminate open defecation and improve solid waste management.
• The mission aimed to achieve an "open-defecation free" (ODF) India by 2 October 2019, the 150^th anniversary of the birth of Mahatma Gandhi.
• Phase 1 of the mission lasted till October 2019 and Phase 2 will be implemented between 2020–21 and 2024-25
• The objectives of the first phase of the mission also included eradication of manual scavenging, generating awareness and bringing about a behavior change regarding sanitation practices, and augmentation of capacity at the local level.
• The second phase of the mission aims to sustain the open defecation-free status and improve the management of solid and liquid waste.
• The mission is aimed at progressing towards target 6.2 of the Sustainable Development Goals Number 6 established by the United Nations in 2015.
• The mission was split into two: rural and urban.
• In rural areas "SBM - Gramin" was financed and monitored through the Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation.
• In urban areas "SBM" was overseen by the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs. ​

The correct answer is Ayushmann Khurrana.

• ​Ayushmann Khurrana is an Indian actor, singer, and television host who works in Hindi films.
• Ayushmann Khurrana was roped in as UNICEF’s Indian celebrity advocate for children’s rights campaign in September 2020.
• He got National Film Awards (2019).

​

Key Points

• United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) is a special program of the United Nations (UN) devoted to aiding national efforts to improve the health, nutrition, education, and general welfare of children.
• UNICEF was formed on 11th December 1946 and became a permanent part of the United Nations in 1953.
• UNICEF works in over 190 countries.
• UNICEF awarded the Nobel Prize for Peace in 1965 for the "Promotion of brotherhood among the Nations".

Additional Information

​Amitabh Bachchan

• Amitabh Bachchan is an Indian actor, film producer, singer,  television host, and former politician.
• He got Dada Saheb Phalke Award (2019), Padma Vibhushan (2015), Padma Bhushan (2001), Padma Sri (1984) Filmfare Lifetime Achievement Award (1991).

Salman Khan

• Salman Khan is an Indian actor, film producer, playback singer,  television host who works in Hindi films.
• He got two National Film Awards as a producer and two Filmfare awards for acting.

Ranbir Kapoor

• Ranbir Kapoor is an Indian actor who works in Hindi films.
• He is the son of the actor's Rishi Kapoor and Neetu Singh.
• He got Filmfare awards (2012, 2013, 2019).

Important Points

• UNICEF headquarters - New York City (USA).
• UNICEF Executive Director - Henrietta. H. Fore.

The correct answer is Baisakhi.

Baisakhi is the harvest festival celebrated on the 13th or 14th of April in Punjab every year and it marks the birth of the Khalsa Panth of the Sikh community.

Key Points

Baisakhi

• Baisakhi or Vaisakhi is a winter harvest festival, is celebrated with great enthusiasm to mark the beginning of the new spring and is celebrated in most of India as the new year by Hindus.
• It signifies the end of the harvest season in India, marking a time of prosperity for the farmers.
• Baisakhi is especially significant to Punjab and Haryana, because of the large Sikh population who celebrate this festival with a lot of energy and vigour.
• The festival of Baisakhi falls on the first day of Vaisakh month (April-May) according to the Sikh Calendar.
• Baisakhi also marks the Punjabi New Year.
• According to the English calendar, the date of Baisakhi corresponds to April 13 every year and April 14 once in every 36 years.
• This variation is due to the festival being observed as per the Indian solar calendar. This year Baisakhi falls on 13^th April 2021.

Additional Information

Hola Mohalla

• Hola Mohalla is a famous and colourful 3-day Sikh festival celebrated during spring.
• Hola Mohalla is traditional a festival celebrated in the days after Holi.
• It takes place on the second day of the lunar month of Chett which is the first month of the Nanakshahi calendar used by Sikhs.
• This procession takes place in Takht Sri Keshgarh Sahib in Anandpur, the Rupnagar district of Punjab, which is one of the 5 Sikh takhts holding special historical significance.
• It is home to the birth of Khalsa Panth and has real artifacts from those days.

Lohri

• Lohri is one of the most famous festivals of Punjab.
• Lohri is celebrated on January 13 every year
• Lohri- Celebration of Lohri marks the end of the winter season.
• Lohri celebrated with the beating of Dhol, Nagadas, and the singing of traditional Lohri songs.
• Children visit the neighborhood asking for treats.
• The festival is full of life, and you can't afford to miss the North Indian's Lohri.
• Special celebrations take place in the houses of newborns and newlyweds.

Karva Chauth

• Karva Chauth is one famous festival of Punjab.
• It is celebrated on the fourth day of the waning moon fortnight (Krishna Paksha) in the month of Kartik which falls on the last week of October.
• When married and engaged women keep fast from sunrise to moonrise for the health and longevity of their husband.
• This is a festival that is celebrated to commemorate the marital bond between husband and wife.

The correct answer is Mount Abu.

Key Points

• Dilwara Jain Temples are a group of temples located amidst the lush green Aravalli hills of Mount Abu in Rajasthan.
• Dilwara Jain Temples were built between the 11th to 13th centuries AD.
• Dilwara Jain Temples is one of the finest Jain temples known the world over for its extraordinary architecture and marvelous marble stone carvings, some experts also consider it architecturally superior to the Taj Mahal.
• It seems a fairly basic temple from the outside but every cloud has a silver lining, the temple interior showcases the extraordinary work of human craftsmanship at its best.
• This temple complex has five sections dedicated to five Jain Tirthankaras.
• These sections are dedicated to Lord Mahaveer Swami, Shri Adinathji, Shri Parshavnathji, Shri Rishabdaoji, and Shri Neminathji.
• Dilwara temples are also a popular Jain pilgrimage attraction.

Important Points

• Jaipur is known as the Pink City of India.
• Pune is known as the Deccan Queen of India.

The correct answer is 1998.

The Kisan Credit Card Scheme was introduced in 1998.

Additional Information

• The Kisan Credit Card scheme is a Government of India scheme which provides farmers with timely access to credit.
• The Kisan Credit Card (KCC) scheme was launched in 1998 with the aim of providing short-term formal credit to farmers.
• The KCC scheme was prepared by NABARD (National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development) on the recommendations of the R. V. Gupta Committee.
• The KCC scheme was introduced to ensure that the credit requirements for farmers in the agriculture, fisheries, and animal husbandry sectors were being met.
• This was done by helping them avail short-term loans and provide them with a credit limit to purchase equipment and for their other expenses as well.
• The KCC scheme is being implemented by all Co-operative banks, Regional Rural Banks, and Public Sector Banks throughout the country.
• The validity period is five years, with an option to extend for up to three more years.
• Kisan Credit Card (KCC) offering credit to the farmers in two types:
• Cash Credit.
• Term Credit.
• The rate of interest on this type of loan is also considerably low compared to agriculture term loan under the scheme farmers have the option of rescheduling the repayment
• Moreover, with the help of KCC, farmers are exempt from the high interest rates of the regular loans offered by banks as the interest rate for KCC starts as low as 2% and averages at 4%.
• With the help of this scheme, farmers can repay their loans depending on the harvesting period of their crop for which the loan was given.
• On 14^th May 2020, Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman announced a concessional credit of Rs 2 lakh crore to benefit 2.5 crore farmers through the Kisan Credit Card scheme.
• The government will undertake a special drive to provide this credit to PM-KISAN beneficiaries through the Kisan Credit Card.

The correct answer is Census.

Key Points

• Census is an official enumeration of the population from time to time.
• Census has been conducted every 10 years by the Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India under the Ministry of Home Affairs.
• The 16th Indian census will be taken in 2021.
• In September 2019, Union Home Minister Amit Shah had stated that the 2021 national census would be held fully digitally through a mobile phone application.
• In February 2021, Union Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman confirmed in her budget speech that the 2021 census will be the first-ever digital census in India.
• 2021 census will be carried out in 16 languages.
• The 15^th Indian census took place in 2011.
• India is the second most populated country in the world.
• The population in India is 139 crores.
• India has 17.7% of the world's population.
• The population density in India is 464 per km².
• The first census in India was conducted by the Viceroy - Lord Mayo (1872).
• The first official census in India was conducted by the Viceroy - Lord Rippon (1881).

Important Points

• Father of Indian Statistics - P. C. Mahalanobis.
• Indian Statistics day is observed on June 29 (birthday of  P. C. Mahalanobis).
• Indian Statistical Institute - Kolkata.
• The most populous state in India - Uttar Pradesh.
• The least populous state in India - Sikkim.
• The state with the highest population growth rate - Meghalaya.
• The state with the least population growth rate - Nagaland.
• The most densely populous state in India - Bihar​.
• The least densely populous state in India - Arunachal Pradesh.
• The state with the highest sex ratio - Kerala.
• The state with the lowest sex ratio - Haryana.
• The state with the highest literacy rate - Kerala.
• The state with the lowest literacy rate - Bihar.
• The most populous Union Territory in India - Delhi.
• The least populous Union Territory in India - Lakshadweep.
• The most densely populous Union Territory in India - Delhi.
• The least densely populous Union Territory in India - Andaman Nicobar Islands.
• The Union Territory with the highest sex ratio - Puducherry.
• The Union Territory with the lowest sex ratio - Daman and Diu and Dadra and Nagar Haveli.
• The Union Territory with the highest literacy rate -  Lakshadweep.
• The Union Territory with the lowest literacy rate - Daman and Diu and Dadra and Nagar Haveli.

The correct answer is Kaka Kalelkar.

Key Points 

• The First Backward Classes Commission was set up by a presidential order on 29^th January 1953 under the chairmanship of Kaka Kalelkar.
• It is also known as the First Backward Classes Commission, 1955, or the Kaka Kalelkar Commission.
• Kaka Kalelkar Commission is a commission to investigate the conditions of socially and educationally backward classes within the territory of India and the difficulties under which they labour and to make recommendations as to the steps that should be taken by the Union.
• The 123^rd Constitutional Amendment bill 2017 and 102^nd Amendment Act, 2018, introduced Article 338B which provides for a Commission for the socially and educationally backward classes to be known as the National Commission for Backward Classes.
• The NCBC is a constitutional body set up under the National Commission for Backward Classes Act, 1993.
• It has the power to examine complaints regarding the inclusion or exclusion of groups within the list of backward classes, and advise the central government in this regard.
• The Bill seeks to establish the NCBC under the Constitution, and provide it the authority to examine complaints and welfare measures regarding socially and educationally backward classes
• Article 340 in the Indian Constitution 1949 -  Appointment of a Commission to investigate the conditions of backward classes by the President.

The correct answer is RBI.

Key Points

• Indian Financial Technology and Allied Services (IFTAS), a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Reserve Bank of India are registered under the Companies Act, 2013.
• IFTAS provides critical infrastructure services to RBI, banks, cooperative societies, and other financial institutions.
• The services provided are:
• Indian Financial Network (INFINET), a closed user group MPLS network for the banking and financial sector.
• Structured Financial Messaging System (SFMS), a messaging system facilitating RTGS, NEFT, Government payments, and receipts, etc.
• Indian Banking Community Cloud (IBCC), providing CBS and other software applications such as SFMS, mobile banking, etc. as web service/s.
• Global Interchange for Financial Transactions (GIFT), an integrated payment & settlement system based on an open-source technology stack.

Additional Information

RBI (Reserve Bank of India)

• RBI is known as the 'Central Bank of India' whose primary function to regulate the issue of Banknotes and keeping of reserves with a view to securing monetary stability in India and generally to operate the currency and credit system of the country.
• RBI is also known as 'Apex Bank of India'.
• RBI is also known as 'Banker's Bank'.
• RBI  was set up on the recommendation of the Hilton Young Commission also called the Royal Commission in 1926.
• RBI Act was passed in the year - 1934.
• RBI was established on 1st April 1935.
• RBI was nationalized on 1st January 1949.
• RBI issues all currency notes except one rupee.
• The signature of the RBI Governor on the notes is in English and Hindi.
• The currency notes except one rupee hold the signature of the RBI Governor.
• One rupee holds the signature of the Finance Secretary.
• The first Governor of RBI -  Sir Osborne Smith.
• The first Indian Governor of RBI - C. D. Deshmukh.
• The longest-serving RBI Governor - Benegal Rama Rao.
• The Indian Prime Minister who had served as RBI Governor - Dr. Manmohan Singh.
• Present and 25h Governor of RBI - Shakthikanta Das.
• Deputy Governors of RBI - B. P. Kanungo, S. M. K Jain, M. D. Patra, and M. R. Rao.
• Headquarter - Mumbai.

SBI (State Bank of India)

• SBI is the largest commercial public sector bank in India.
• SBI is the largest banking network in India.
• The earlier name of SBI was Imperial Bank of India.
• In 1955, the Imperial Bank of India was nationalized and renamed as SBI.
• The banks merged with SBI:
• State Bank of Hyderabad.
• State Bank of Mysore.
• State Bank of Travancore.
• State Bank of Patiala.
• State Bank of Bikaner and Jaipur.
• Bharatiya Mahila Bank.
• SBI has the largest number of branches outside India.
• SBI is the 43^rd largest bank in the world.
• The first bank to introduce mutual fund in India is SBI.
• Chairman - Dinesh Kumar Khara.
• Headquarter - Mumbai.

IMF (International Monetary Fund)

• The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is an organization of 190 countries, working to foster global monetary cooperation, secure financial stability, facilitate international trade, promote high employment and sustainable economic growth, and reduce poverty around the world.
• IMF is an international financial institution formed on 27^th December 1945.
• Managing Director - Kristalina Georgieva.
• Headquarter - Washington DC.

ICICI (Industrial Credit and Investment Corporation of India)

• ICICI Bank is the largest private sector bank in India.
• ICICI Bank is known as the 'first universal bank in the country.
• ICICI Bank is the second-largest bank in India in terms of assets and market capitalization.
• It is the first bank in India listed New York Stock Exchange.
• ICICI Bank is the first bank to introduce internet banking and complete mobile banking services in India.
• CEO - Sandeep Bakshi.
• Headquarter - Mumbai.

The Correct Answer is "Chilika Lake".

Important Points

Chilika Lake :

• Chilika Lake is a brackish water lake and a shallow lagoon with estuarine character spread across the districts of Puri, Khurda, and Ganjam in the state of Odisha in eastern India.
• Fed by 52 rivers, the water spread area of Chilika varies between 900 to 1165 sq. km. during summers and monsoon respectively.
• The pear-shaped lagoon is about 64.5 km. long and its width varies from 5 to 18 km.
• It is connected to the Bay of Bengal by a 32 km long and 1.5 km wide channel that mostly runs parallel to the Bay separated by a narrow spit whose width varies between 100 m to several kilometers.
• The lagoon can be broadly divided into four ecological sectors based on salinity and depth, namely the southern zone, the central zone, the northern zone, and the outer channel.
• The list includes a number of rare, threatened, and endangered species including the Barakudia limbless skink.

 

Additional Information

Lake Pichola :

• Lake Pichola, situated in Udaipur city in the Indian state of Rajasthan.
• It is an artificial freshwater lake, created in the year 1362 AD, named after the nearby Picholi village.
• Two islands, Jag Niwas and Jag Mandir are located within Pichola Lake and have been developed with several palaces to provide views of the lake.

 

Wular Lake :

• Wular Lake is one of the largest freshwater lakes in Asia.
• It is sited in the Bandipora district in Jammu and Kashmir, India.
• The lake basin was formed as a result of tectonic activity and is fed by the Jhelum River.
• The lake's size varies seasonally from 12 to 100 square miles (30 to 260 square kilometers).

 

Upper Lake :

• Bhojtal, formerly known as Upper Lake.
• It is a large lake that lies on the western side of the capital city of Madhya Pradesh, Bhopal, India.
• Bada Talab, along with the nearby Chhota Talab, meaning small lake in Hindi, constitute Bhoj Wetland, which is now a Ramsar site.

The Correct Answer is "1883".

Important Points

• Ilbert Bill was introduced in 1883 that act to stipulate that Indian judges could try Europeans.
• It was introduced during the tenure of Viceroy Ripon and written by Sir Courtenay Pergine Ilbert.
• The main objective behind the introduction of this bill is to allow Indian judges to try cases in session courts involving Britishers.

Key Points

• The introduction of the bill had roused anger and resentment among people especially in English women and British tea and indigo planters in Bengal.
• English women argued that Bengali women were not respected by their male counterparts, so they shouldn't get the power to try cases involving Britishers.
• On the contrary, Bengali women who supported the bill said that they were more educated and had good academic records than English Women.

Additional Information

• The opposition of the bill had led to its withdrawal with some amendments.
• The amended bill was passed on 25th January 1884 and came into force from 1st May 1884.
• The amended bill includes:

1. Half of the jury i.e. 50% must be Europeans when an Indian judge was trying a case involving Europeans.
2. Europeans, Indian Judges, and Session Judges were given the power to try cases involving Europeans.

The Correct Answer is "Tripura".

Important Points

• Hojagiri is a folk dance performed in the state of Tripura by the Reang people.
• Reang is one of the 21 scheduled tribes of the Indian state of Tripura.
• The dance is performed by women and young girls, about 4 to 6 members in a team, singing, balancing on an earthen pitcher, and managing other props such as a bottle on the head and earthen lamp on the hand, while only the lower half of the body is moved.
• It is attractive due to its melodious songs accompanied by bamboo flute, cymbals, and the khamb.
• The dance is performed during the Hojagiri festival or Laxmi Puja held on the following full moon night of Durga Puja, generally after 3rd day of Dashera.
• The Goddess Mailuma, (Laxmi) is worshipped on this day.
• The whole of the Huk or Jhum cultivation is exhibited through this dance.

The Correct Answer is "Article 15 and Article 16".

Key Points

• The bill of Constitution (One Hundred and Third Amendment) Act, 2019 was introduced in the Lok Sabha on 8 January 2019.
• It was introduced by Thawar Chand Gehlot, Minister of Social Justice and Empowerment.
• The bill sought to amend Articles 15 and 16 of the constitution.
• It provides for 10% reservation in government jobs and educational institutions for the economically weaker section in the unreserved category.
• The Act amends Article 15 and 16 to provide for reservation based on economic backwardness.
• For the purposes of this article 15 and article 16, “economically weaker sections” to be notified by the State from time to time on the basis of family income and other indicators of economic disadvantage.

 

Additional Information

• The new clause (6) to Article 15 allows the government to carve reservation for the economically weaker sections of society in higher educational institutions, including private ones, whether they are aided or not by the State.
• Minority educational institutions are exempted.
• Likewise, the new clause (6) to Article 16 provides for quota for economically deprived sections in the initial appointment in government services.

Important Points ​

• Article 14 deals with equality before the law or equal protection of the law.
• Article 15 deals with discrimination on the basis of caste, sex, or place of birth.
• It means that the state should not discriminate against any citizen on these grounds.
• Article 16 refers to the equality of opportunity in the area of public employment.
• It means every citizen of this country has the right to get an equal opportunity to practice their profession.
• Article 17 is related to untouchability.
• It means the practice of untouchability will be considered as an offense and is against the law.
• Article 18 deals with the Abolition of Titles.

The Correct Answer is "Lokmanya Tilak ".

Important Points

• Bal Gangadhar Tilak was a leader of the Indian independence movement who was also known as Lokamanya Tilak
• He was also called the Father of Indian Unrest.
• Tilak joined the Congress in 1890.
• He was opposed to moderate ways and views and had a more radical and aggressive stance against British rule.
• The extremists led by Bal Gangadhar Tilak.
• He gave the slogan, “Swaraj is my birthright and I shall have it.”
• He believed that no progress was possible without self-rule.
• He was part of the extremist faction of the INC and was a proponent of boycott and Swadeshi movements.
• He published two papers – Kesari in Marathi and Mahratta in English.
• He was sentenced to 18 months imprisonment on charges of “incitement to murder”.
• Shrimadh Bhagavad Gita Rahasya was written in the Marathi language by Indian social reformer and independence activist Bal Gangadhar Tilak while he was in prison at Mandalay, Burma.

The two important books are written by Tilak:

1. Gita Rahasya
2. Arctic Home of the Vedas

The Correct Answer is "UAE".

Important Points

• ICC headquarter is located in Dubai, United Arab Emirates.
• The ICC is the global governing body for cricket.
• Representing 104 members, the ICC governs and administrates the game and works with our members to grow the sport.
• The ICC is also responsible for the staging of all ICC Events.
• The ICC presides over the ICC Code of Conduct, playing conditions, the Decision Review System, and other ICC regulations.
• Through the Anti-Corruption Unit, it coordinates action against corruption and match-fixing.
• It was established in 1909 by the representatives of England, Australia, and South Africa as Imperial Cricket Conference.
• The current ICC chairman is Shashank Manohar, President is Zaheer Abbas and Richardson is the Chief Executive Officer.

The Correct Answer is "Annual Financial Statement".

Important Points

• Article 112 of the Indian Constitution, the Union Budget of a year, also referred to as the annual financial statement, is a statement of the estimated receipts and expenditure of the government for that particular year.
• Description: Union Budget keeps the account of the government's finances for the fiscal year that runs from 1st April to 31st March.
• Union Budget is classified into Revenue Budget and Capital Budget.

 

Key Points

• The revenue budget includes the government's revenue receipts and expenditure.
• There are two kinds of revenue receipts - tax and non-tax revenue.
• Revenue expenditure is the expenditure incurred on day to day functioning of the government and on various services offered to citizens.
• If revenue expenditure exceeds revenue receipts, the government incurs a revenue deficit.
• Capital Budget includes capital receipts and payments of the government.
• Loans from the public, foreign governments, and RBI form a major part of the government's capital receipts.
• Capital expenditure is the expenditure on the development of machinery, equipment, building, health facilities, education, etc.
• A fiscal deficit is incurred when the government's total expenditure exceeds its total revenue.

The Correct Answer is "Mahatma Gandhi".

Important Points

• The Harijan Sevak Sangh was established on September 30, 1932.
• It was founded by Gandhiji.
• Gandhi Ji founded it when he was in Yervada Jail, Pune.
• Gandhi Ji was fasting when he founded the Harijan Sevak Sangh.
• Harijan Sevak Sangh was founded to eliminate untouchability in India.
• It is headquartered in Kingsway Camp, Delhi.
• The Sangh helped depressed classes in the Indian society to access public places such as schools, temples, roads and water resources.
• It also conducted inter-caste marriages.
• Kingsway Camp is one of the Gandhian Heritage Sites.
• These sites are maintained by the Ministry of Culture, GoI.

 

Additional Information

• Gandhiji opposed the segregation of depressed classes of the Hindu community into separate groups.
• This was done at the Second Round Table Conference held in London in 1931.
• It was B R Ambedkar who recommended the British Government to provide the Communal Award to the depressed class.
• According to Gandhiji, the move was made to create a split in Hindu Community.
• On September 30, 1932, Gandhiji founded the All India Untouchability League.
• The league was later renamed as “Harijan Seva Sangh”.
• Following this, he also founded the Harijan newspaper.
• He called the untouchables “Harijans”. Harijan means children of god.

The Correct Answer is "₹15 lakh".

Important Points

• Arjuna Award is one of the famous sports awards.
• It is given to individuals for their exemplary and exceptional performance in various categories of sports.
• The award is bestowed by the Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports, Government of India.
• The award is given to promote sports in India.
• It thereby acts as a catalyst to motivate sportspeople for their yielding performance.
• The cash prize given is 15 lakh INR.
• The award given is the Bronze Statue of ‘Arjuna with his Bow’ and a scroll.
• Since 1961, this award has been given.
• In the year 1961, a total of 20 people received the Arjuna Award in various categories

 

Additional Information

The disciplines in which the Arjuna Award is given are –

 

Key Points

The list of Arjuna Award Winners starting from 2020:

The Correct Answer is "Syed Ahmad Khan".

Important Points

• Sir Syed Ahmed Khan was one of the greatest Muslim reformers of India.
• He interpreted Quran in the light of modern rationalism and science.
• His greatest achievement was the establishment of the Mohammedan Anglo-Oriental College(Also known as Aligarh Muslim University) at Aligarh in 1875.
• The most important movement for the spread of modern education and social reform among Muslims was started by Sir Syed Ahmad Khan (1817-1898).
• In 1864, he founded the Translation Society which was later renamed ‘The Scientific Society’.
• The society was located at Aligarh.

Additional Information

Abul Kalam Azad Kalam Azad :

• Maulana Abul Kalam Azad was the first Education Minister of India.
• Maulana Abul Kalam Azad became the youngest President of the INC in 1923 in a special session held in Delhi.
• He was also elected presided of the 1940 session in Ramgarh.
• He was a revolutionary poet, journalist, activist, and freedom fighter who was also awarded the country's highest honor - Bharat Ratna.

Muhammad Iqbal :

• Sir Muhammad Iqbal was a South Asian Muslim writer, philosopher, and politician.
• "Sare Jahan se Accha" known as "Tarānah-e-Hindi" is an Urdu language patriotic song written by poet Muhammad Iqbal.

Muhammad Ali Jinnah :

• Muhammad Ali Jinnah was a barrister, politician, and founder of Pakistan.
• Jinnah served as the leader of the All-India Muslim League from 1913 until the inception of Pakistan on 14 August 1947, and then as the Dominion of Pakistan's first Governor-General until his death.

The correct answer is RK Shanmukham Chetty.

Important Points

• RK Shanmukham Chetty was the first finance minister of India.
• R.K. Shanmukham Chetty was born in Coimbatore on 17th October 1892.
• Independent India's first Budget was presented by the country's first finance minister, RK Shanmukham Chetty, on November 26, 1947, which was an interim Budget.

Key Points 

• The first Budget of Independent India was presented on November 26, 1947, by the then Finance Minister RK Sanmukham Chetty under the government of India's first Prime Minister Jawahar Lal Nehru.
• Mr. Chetty's first words at the Budget presentation were, "I rise to present the first Budget of a free and independent India. This occasion may well be considered a historic one and I count it a rare privilege that it has fallen to me to be the Finance Minister to present this Budget."
• The Budget statement presented by Mr. Chetty covered a period of seven and half months from August 15, 1947, to March 31, 1948, according to the Department of Economic Affairs website.
• The first Budget of independent India had targeted budget revenue of ₹ 171.15 crores.

 

Additional Information

Abul Kalam :

• Maulana Abul Kalam Azad was the first Education Minister of India.
• Maulana Abul Kalam Azad became the youngest President of the INC in 1923 in a special session held in Delhi.
• He was also elected presided of the 1940 session in Ramgarh.
• He was a revolutionary poet, journalist, activist, and freedom fighter who was also awarded the country's highest honor - Bharat Ratna.

Rajendra Prasad :

• Rajendra Prasad was the first President of India, in office from 1950 to 1962.

 

Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar :

• Bhimrao Ambedkar or BR Ambedkar - the "Father of The Indian Constitution".
• On 29 August 1947, the Constituent Assembly set up a Drafting Committee under the Chairmanship of Dr. B.R. Ambedkar to prepare a Draft Constitution for India.
• It was elected by the 'Provincial Assembly'.

The Correct Answer is "Kerala".

Important Points

• Neyyar Dam is a gravity dam on the Neyyar River in Thiruvananthapuram district of Kerala, South India, located on the foot of the Western Ghats about 30 km from Thiruvananthapuram.
• It was established in 1958 and is a popular picnic spot.
• Lying against the southern low hills of the Western Ghats, Neyyar Dam has a scenic lake.
• Neyyar 2nd State (relates to both Madras and Kerala States)Government of Kerala started work on the project in their area in October 1956.

Additional Information

• Farakka Barrage, Durgapur Barrage, Kangsabati Dam are dams of West Bengal.
• Famous Dams in Karnataka are Krishna Raja Sagar (KRS) Dam, Tungabhadra Dam, Vani Vilasa Sagara, Supa Dam, Almatti Dam.
• Dams in Odisha · 1. Hirakud Dam · 2. Deras Dam · 3. Mandira Dam · 4. Pitamahal Dam · 5. Sarafgarh Dam · 6. Budhabudhiani Dam · 7. Godhahada Dam.

The Correct Answer is "KL Rahul".

• On 20 September, the Kings XI started their season campaign. KL Rahul, the kings' new captain, elected to field first.

​​​

Key Points

• The 2020 season was the 13th season for the Indian Premier League franchise Kings XI Punjab.
• They were one of the eight teams that competed in the 2020 Indian Premier League.
• The Kings XI Punjab's catchment areas are Kashmir, Jammu, Himachal Pradesh, Punjab, and Haryana—evident from the letter sequence "K J H P H" in the banner of the team's logo.
• Kings XI Punjab finished the tournament in 6th position with 6 wins and 8 losses failing to qualify for the playoffs.

 

Additional Information

• Glenn James Maxwell is an Australian professional international cricketer.
• Christopher Henry Gayle, OD is a Jamaican cricketer who plays international cricket for the West Indies.
• Gayle captained the West Indies Test side from 2007 to 2010.
• Mohammed Shami Ahmed is an Indian international cricketer who plays for the Indian national cricket team.

The Correct Answer is "Paresh Rawal".

Important Points

• Artist Paresh Rawal has been appointed chairperson of the National School of Drama (NSD).
• The former BJP Member of Parliament has succeeded the present Chairman Arjun Deo Charan.
• Paresh Rawal has been awarded Padma Shri in 2014.
• The NSD is India’s premier institute for theatre students and is located in Delhi.
• Mrs. Amal Allana (2005 – 2013)
• Shri Ratan Thiyam (2013 – 2017)
• Shri Paresh Rawal Ji (2017 - Till Today)

Key Points

• The National School of Drama is one of the foremost theatre training institutions in the world and the only one of its kind in India.
• It was set up by the Sangeet Natak Akademi as one of its constituent units in 1959.
• In 1975, it became an independent entity and was registered as an autonomous organization under the Societies Registration Act XXI of 1860, fully financed by the Ministry of Culture, Government of India.
• Training in the School is highly intensive and is based on a thorough, comprehensive, carefully planned syllabus that covers every aspect of theatre and in which theory is related to practice.
• As a part of their training, students are required to produce plays that are then performed before the public.

The Correct Answer is "Barren Island".

Important Points

• Barren Island is an island located in the Andaman Sea.
• It is the only confirmed active volcano in South Asia and the only active volcano along a chain of volcanoes from Sumatra to Myanmar.
• It is a part of the Indian Union Territory of Andaman and Nicobar Islands and lies about 138 km (86 mi) northeast of the territory's capital, Port Blair.
• The first recorded eruption of the volcano dates back to 1787.

​

Additional Information

• Divar Island :
• The island of Divar or Divaade lies in the Mandovi river in the Indian state of Goa.
• Neil Island :
• Neil Island is one of India’s Andaman Islands, in the Bay of Bengal.
• Bharatpur Beach has coral reefs teeming with tropical fish. Laxmanpur Beach is known for its sunset views.
• Gatti Island :
• Agatti Island is a 7.6 km long island, situated on a coral atoll called Agatti atoll in the Union Territory of Lakshadweep, India.

The Correct Answer is "Pradhan Mantri Mudra Yojana".

Important Points

• Micro Units Development and Refinance Agency Bank (or MUDRA Bank) is a public sector financial institution in India.
• It provides loans at low rates to micro-finance institutions and non-banking financial institutions which then provide credit to MSMEs.
• It was launched by Prime Minister Narendra Modi on 8 April 2015.

Key Points

• The formation of the agency was initially announced in the 2015 Union budget of India in February 2015.
• It was formally launched on 8 April.
• The MUDRA banks were set up under the Pradhan Mantri MUDRA Yojana scheme.
• It will provide its services to small entrepreneurs outside the service area of regular banks, by using last mile agents.
• About 5.77 crores (57.6 million) small businesses have been identified as target clients using the NSSO survey of 2013.
• Only 4% of these businesses get finance from regular banks.
• The bank will also ensure that its clients do not fall into indebtedness and will lend responsibly.
• The bank will classify its clients into three categories and the maximum allowed loan sums will be based on the category :
• Shishu: Allowed loans up to ₹50,000 (US$700)
• Kishor: Allowed loans up to ₹5 lakh (US$7,000)
• Tarun: Allowed loans up to ₹10 lakh (US$14,000)
• The government has decided to provide an additional fund of ₹1 trillion (US$14 billion) to the market and will be allocated as :
• 40% to Shishu
• 35% to Kishor
• 25% to Tarun
• Those eligible to borrow from MUDRA bank are :
• Small manufacturing unit
• Shopkeepers
• Fruit and vegetable vendors
• Artisans

The Correct Answer is "Bihar".

Important Points

• Rajgir, the ancient capital of the Magadhan empire in Bihar is held sacred by both Buddhists and Jains for its association with the Buddha and Mahavir.
• Department of Tourism, Bihar holds a colorful Festival of dance and music, Rajgir Mahotsav, or Dance Festival every year in Rajgir.
• This festival held during the last week of October attracts tourists in large numbers.
• The colorful festival of dance and music, Rajgir Dance Festival is held at Rajgir, the ancient capital of the Magadha kings.
• Rajgir Mahotsav is a festival of dance and music that was started way back in 1986.
• The Rajgir Dance Festival is celebrated annually for three days showcasing the traditional and unique cultural aspects with various musical performances by local and renowned artists from India and across the world.

                                                                                        

 

Additional Information

Traditional Dance of various States of India :

 

The Correct Answer is "68".

Important Points

• ADB (Asian Development Bank) is an international development finance institution whose mission is to help its developing member countries reduce poverty and improve the quality of life of their people.
• Headquartered in Manila, and established in 1966, ADB is owned and financed by its 68 members, of which 49 are from the region and 19 are from other parts of the globe.
• ADB's main partners are governments, the private sector, non-government organizations, development agencies, community-based organizations, and foundations.
• Under Strategy 2020, a long-term strategic framework adopted in 2008, ADB will follow three complementary strategic agendas: inclusive growth, environmentally sustainable growth, and regional integration.
• Although most lending is in the public sector - and to governments - ADB also provides direct assistance to private enterprises of developing countries through equity investments, guarantees, and loans.

The correct answer is "Rohit Sharma".

Important Points

• Batsman Rohit Sharma was among the five athletes who had received the country's highest sporting honor, the Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna Award, for 2020.
• Rohit has become just the fourth cricketer who has conferred the prestigious award after Sachin Tendulkar (1997-98), MS Dhoni (2007), and Virat Kohli (2018).
• Rohit Sharma, who was conferred with the Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna Award on August 29 2020 on National Sports Day.

Key Points

• The Selection Committee for National Sports Awards 2020 had awarded the following players with the prestigious award on August 29 on the occasion of National Sports Day :
• Cricketer Rohit Sharma
• Wrestler Vinesh Phogat
• Women's hockey captain Rani Rampal
• Table tennis star Manika Batra
• Para-athlete Mariyappan Thangavelu

Additional Information

• The Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna, officially known as Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna Award in Sports and Games, is the highest sporting honor of the Republic of India.
• The award is named after Rajiv Gandhi, former Prime Minister of India who served the office from 1984 to 1989.
• It is awarded annually by the Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports.
• The recipient(s) is/are selected by a committee constituted by the Ministry and are honored for their "spectacular and most outstanding performance in the field of sports over a period of four years" at the international level.
• As of 2020, the award comprises a medallion, a certificate, and a cash prize of ₹25 lakh.

The Correct Answer is "1206".

Important Points

• The period between 1206 A.D. and 1526 A.D. in India's history is known as the Delhi Sultanate period.
• During this period of over three hundred years, five dynasties ruled in Delhi.
• These were five dynasties as follows:
• The Slave dynasty (1206-90).
• Khilji dynasty (1290-1320).
• Tughlaq dynasty (1320-1413).
• Sayyid dynasty (1414-51).
• Lodhi Dynasty (1451-1526).

 

Key Points

• The Slave Dynasty ruled the Sub-continent for about 84 years.
• It was the first Muslim dynasty that ruled India. Qutub-ud-din Aibak, a slave of Muhammad Ghori, who became the ruler after the death of his master, founded the Slave Dynasty.
• He was a great builder who built the majestic 238 feet high stone tower known as Qutub Minar in Delhi.
• Razia Begum, the capable daughter of Iltutmush, was the first and the only Muslim lady who ever adorned the throne of Delhi.
• Jalal-ud-din Khilji was the founder Khilji dynasty.
• Ala-ud-din Khilji was the first Muslim ruler whose empire covered almost the whole of India up to its extreme south.
• Ghyasuddin Tughlaq, who was the Governor of Punjab during the reign of Ala-ud-din Khilji, ascended the throne in 1320 A.D. and founded the Tughlaq dynasty.

The Correct Answer is "NDB (New Development Bank)".

Important Points

• The New Development Bank is usually referred to as the BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa) bank.
• The shares of the bank are equally distributed among the members.
• Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa hold 20% of the shares of the bank. 25% of the bank loan go for water and sanitation projects, 24% for Transport projects, 30% for energy projects.
• NDB is headquartered in Shanghai.
• During the Sixth BRICS Summit in Fortaleza (2014) the leaders signed the Agreement establishing the New Development Bank (NDB).
• Fortaleza Declaration stressed that the NDB will strengthen cooperation among BRICS and will supplement the efforts of multilateral and regional financial institutions for global development thus contributing to sustainable and balanced growth.
• NDB’s key areas of operation are clean energy, transport infrastructure, irrigation, sustainable urban development, and economic cooperation among the member countries.
• The NDB functions on a consultative mechanism among the BRICS members with all the member countries possessing equal rights.

The Correct Answer is "Coniferous Evergreen Forests".

Important Points

• Coniferous forest, vegetation composed primarily of cone-bearing needle-leaved or scale-leaved evergreen trees, found in areas that have long winters and moderate to high annual precipitation.
• The northern Eurasian coniferous forest is called the taiga or the boreal forest.
• Both terms are used to describe the entire circumpolar coniferous forest with its many lakes, bogs, and rivers.
• Coniferous forests also cover mountains in many parts of the world.
• Pines, spruces, firs, and larches are the dominant trees in coniferous forests.
• They are similar in shape and height and often form a nearly uniform stand with a layer of low shrubs or herbs beneath. Mosses, liverworts, and lichens cover the forest floor.
• The light-colored, usually acidic soils of coniferous forests are called podzols (podsols) and have a compacted humus layer, known as mor, which contains many fungi.
• These soils are low in mineral content, organic material, and a number of invertebrates such as earthworms.

 

Key Points

• The coniferous forest is sandwiched in between the tundra to the north and the deciduous forest to the south.
• One type of coniferous forest, the northern boreal forest, is found in 50° to 60°N latitudes.
• Another type, temperate coniferous forests, grows in lower latitudes of North America, Europe, and Asia, in the high elevations of mountains.
• Coniferous forests consist mostly of conifers, which are trees that grow needles instead of leaves and cones instead of flowers.
• Conifers tend to be evergreen—they bear needles all year long.
• These adaptations help conifers survive in areas that are very cold or dry.
• Some of the more common conifers are spruces, pines, and firs.
• Precipitation in coniferous forests varies from 300 to 900 mm annually, with some temperate coniferous forests receiving up to 2,000 mm/ year (79 in/year).
• The amount of precipitation depends on the forest location.
• In the northern boreal forests, the winters are long, cold, and dry, while the short summers are moderately warm and moist.
• In the lower latitudes, precipitation is more evenly distributed throughout the year.

 

                                                                                    

Additional Information

Temperate grasslands :

• Temperate grasslands are characterized as having grasses as the dominant vegetation. Trees and large shrubs are absent. Temperatures vary more from summer to winter, and the amount of rainfall is less in temperate grasslands than in savannas. The major manifestations are the veldts of South Africa, the puszta of Hungary, the pampas of Argentina and Uruguay, the steppes of the former Soviet Union, and the plains and prairies of central North America.

 

Temperate rain forests :

• Temperate rain forests occur in oceanic moist regions around the world: the Pacific temperate rain forests of North American Pacific Northwest as well as the Appalachian temperate rainforest of the Eastern U.S. Sun Belt; the Valdivian temperate rain forests of southwestern South America.

 

Temperate deciduous forests :

• Temperate deciduous forests are most notable because they go through four seasons: Winter, Spring, Summer, and Fall. Leaves change color (or senesce) in autumn, fall off in the winter, and grow back in the spring; this adaptation allows plants to survive cold winters

The Correct Answer is "Patiala".

Important Points

• The Sheesh Mahal or the 'Palace of Mirrors' in Patiala (Punjab) was built by Maharaja Narinder Singh (1845-1862) behind the main Moti Bagh Palace.
• The Palace was built in a forest with terraces, gardens, fountains, and an artificial lake.
• The lake has two watchtowers in the north and the south and is connected to the Banasar Ghar, a repository for stuffed animals.
• The Sheesh Mahal, which was a residential palace, has a suspension bridge that is a copy of the Lakshman Jhoola at Rishikesh.
• Maharaja Narinder Singh was known to be a great patron of art and literature.
• The Sheesh Mahal also consists of a museum, which displays fine objects of Tibetan art, particularly the sculpture of different kinds of metals.
• His illustrious son Maharaja Yadvindra Singh gifted this priceless collection to the Punjab Government Museum.
• The collection contains medals from England, Austria, Russia, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, Thailand, China, Japan, and a host of other countries of Asia and Africa.

 

                                                                                      

The Correct Answer is "National Electronic Funds Transfer".

Important Points

• National Electronic Fund Transfer (NEFT) is a country-wide electronic fund transfer system for sending money from one bank account to another in a safe and hassle-free manner.
• All NEFT settlements are made in a batch-wise format.
• Money can be sent using this system to all NEFT-enabled banks in India on an individual basis.
• To initiate an NEFT transfer, Bank IFSC Code is a must, along with other details such as bank account number, bank branch and account holder name, among other details.
• Earlier, the NEFT transaction timings for most banks were between 8 a.m. And 6 p.m. from Monday to Friday and 8 a.m. to 12 p.m. on Saturdays.
• However, with effect from 16 December 2019, you can transfer money via NEFT 24x7.
• Money can be transferred via NEFT on holidays and weekends as well.

 

Key Points

The procedure for National Electronic Funds Transfer (NEFT) is mentioned below:

• Step 1: First login to your net banking account. If you do not have a net banking account then register for it on the website of your bank.
• Step 2: Add the beneficiary as a payee. To do so, you have to enter the following details about the beneficiary in the ‘Add New Payee’ section:
• Account Number.
• Name.
• IFSC Code.
• Account Type.
• Step 3: Once the payee is added, choose NEFT as a mode of Fund Transfer.
• Step 4: Select the account you wish to transfer money from, the payee, enter the amount that you wish to transfer, and add remarks (optional).
• Step 5: Click on submit.

                                                             

The Correct Answer is "1882".

Important Points

• The Hunter Commission of 1882 was presided by Sir William Hunter and was appointed by Lord Ripon, the then viceroy of India.
• The hunter commission was constituted on 3rd April 1882, after a request of the general council of education was made to Ripon.
• Sir William Hunter was an Indian Civil Service officer and a member of the Executive Council of the Viceroy.
• The following were the main objectives :
• Consider different aspects of education in India, paying particular attention to primary education.
• Enquire into the execution of Wood’s Despatch of 1854 and suggest ways to improve outcomes of the same.

Additional Information

Lord Ripon (1880-1884):

• In Lord Ripon's tenure, Local self-Government resolution was passed.
• It was not an Act but a resolution by the government in the year 1882.
• The Financial liberalization that started under Lord Mayo (1869-1872) was continued by Lord Ripon.
• The resolution helped to establish Local Boards with non-Official members at the provincial level and it was the basis of modern-day municipalities in this country.
• Lord Ripon was appointed as Viceroy of India in 1880.
• Lord Ripon was the son of Prime Minister F.J.Robinson(UK).
• The Factory Act: The first factory was passed by Lord Ripon. The act prohibited the working of children below seven years and a limited number of working hours for children below 12 years.
• Lord Ripon appointed an education commissioner under the chairmanship of Sir William Hunter.
• He also increased age requirement for civil services from 18 years to 21 years which were reduced by Lord Lytton (1876-1880) from 21 years to 18 years.

The correct mirror image of the given figure when the mirror is placed to the right side of the figure is shown below:

Hence, 'option 4' is the correct answer.

The logic is:

Images in the first and second figure interchange their position as shown above. The image in the middle of the figure does not change its position.

Similarly,

Hence, ‘option 3’ is the correct answer.

The pattern followed here is:

According to the alphabetical positions of the letters,

Similarly,

Hence, ‘hjrxff’ is the correct answer.

The Venn diagram that best represents the classes Cat, Box, and Fruit is shown below:

A cat is an animal.

A fruit is the part of a plant or tree that contains seeds and that we eat.

A box is a square or rectangular container for solid objects. 

Hence, ‘option 3’ is the correct answer.

The option figure that can replace the question mark (?) in the given figure to complete the pattern is shown below:

Hence, ‘option 1’ is the correct answer.

In the two dices shown above, 3 is the common face on both the dice which implies numbers 1, 2, 4 and 6 are adjacent to 3 and the remaining number 5 is opposite to 3.

Therefore, '5' will appear on the face opposite to the face having '3'.

Hence, ‘5’ is the correct answer.

All options except 'herd' are names of different types of construction made by humans so that they can stay/live under them, while 'herd' refers to a large number of animals that live and feed together.

Hence, 'herd' is the odd one out.

The logic is:

A → Number of lines in the outside figure is 4 while the number of lines inside the figure is 3. So, the number of lines in the outside and inside figure is not equal.

B → Number of lines in the outside figure is 3 while the number of lines inside the figure is 3. So, the number of lines in the outside and inside figure is equal.

C → Number of lines in the outside figure is 5 while the number of lines inside the figure is 5. So, the number of lines in the outside and inside figure is equal.

D → Number of lines in the outside figure is 6 while the number of lines inside the figure is 6. So, the number of lines in the outside and inside figure is equal.

Hence, 'A' is the odd one out.

The logic is:

Hence, ‘72’ is the correct answer.

The shopkeeper increases the list price of his product by 20% and then provide 20% discount on the list price.

By formula:

Profit/Loss % = [(% increase in price) × (% decrease in price)] ÷ 100 

= [(+20) × (-20)] ÷ 100  ('+' sign is used to denote increase in price and '-' sign is used to denote discount)

= -400 ÷ 100

= -4%

The negative sign here implies that loss is made.

Therefore, the shopkeeper makes a loss of 4% on the product.

Hence, ‘4% loss’ is the correct answer.

The logic is:

4 ∶ 28 → 4² + 4 × (4 - 1) = 16 + 12 =  28

Similarly,

9 ∶ 153 → 9² + 9 × (9 - 1) = 81 + 72 = 153

Hence, ‘9 ∶ 153’ is the correct answer.

The figure that will come next in the following figure series is shown below:

Number of lines increased by one in each figure as we move along the series.

So, the next figure in the series must have 5 lines, and option 4 has 5 lines.

Therefore, option 4 will be the next figure in the series.

Hence, ‘option 4’ is the correct answer.

The logic is:

(3, 28, 128) → (128 - 3) = (28 - 3) × 5

⇒ 125 = 25 × 5

⇒ 125 = 125

Similarly,

(1, 20, 96) → (96 - 1) = (20 - 1) × 5

⇒ 95 = 19 × 5 

⇒ 95 = 95 

Hence, ‘(1, 20, 96)’ is the correct answer.

The logic is:

Number of sides in the outside image of second figure is one more than the number of sides in the outside image of first figure. Also, number of sides in the inside image of second figure is one more than the number of sides in the inside image of first figure.

 

Similarly,

Pair of sides in the outside image of second figure is one more than the pair of sides in the outside image of first figure. Also, pair of sides in the inside image of second figure is one more than the pair of sides in the inside image of first figure.

Note: A star can be made only using an even number of sides. So, here number of sides increases by two instead of one as observed in the first case.

Hence, ‘option 2’ is the correct answer.

The logic is:

When the image inside the first figure is rotated in clockwise direction at an angle of 90 degree, we obtain the second figure.

Similarly,

Rotating the image inside the first figure in clockwise direction at an angle of 90 degree, we obtain the second figure, as shown in option 4.

Hence, ‘option 4’ is the correct answer.

The option figure that can replace the question mark (?) in the figure to complete the pattern is shown below:

Hence, ‘option 4’ is the correct answer.

The logic is:

Hence, ‘80’ is the correct answer.

The pattern followed in the series is shown below:

At every odd and even position, the shaded portion is moving in a clockwise direction.

For Odd Position:

For even position:

 

Therefore, option 2 will come next in the following figure series.

Hence, 'option 2' is the correct answer.

The paper when unfolded will appear as shown below:

Hence, ‘option 1’ is the correct answer.

The logic is:

The Grammy Award, or just Grammy, is an award presented by the Recording Academy to recognize achievement in the music industry. 

Similarly,

The Uber Cup, sometimes called the World Team Championships for Women, is a major international badminton competition contested by women's national badminton teams.

Hence, ‘Badminton’ is the correct answer.

The Venn diagram that best represents the class Women, Mother, and Father is shown below:

All mothers are women.

Father is a person's male parent.

Hence, ‘option 4’ is the correct answer.

The figure in which the question figure is embedded is shown below:

Hence, ‘option 1’ is the correct answer.

The figure in which the question figure is embedded is shown below:

Hence, ‘option 4’ is the correct answer.

1. • and ÷ 

Given equation: 3 - 6 × 18 + 4 ÷ 2 = 2

After interchanging the signs, we get:

L.H.S = 3 ÷ 6 × 18 + 4 – 2

= 0.5 × 18 + 4 – 2

= 9 + 4 – 2

= 13 – 2

= 11 ≠ R.H.S

2) × and –

Given equation: 3 - 6 × 18 + 4 ÷ 2 = 2

After interchanging the signs, we get:

L.H.S = 3 × 6 - 18 + 4 ÷ 2

= 18 – 18 + 2

= 2 = R.H.S

3. × and ÷ 

Given equation: 3 - 6 × 18 + 4 ÷ 2 = 2

After interchanging the signs, we get:

L.H.S = 3 - 6 ÷ 18 + 4 × 2

= 3 – 0.34 + 8

= 11 – 0.34

= 10.66 ≠ R.H.S

4. × and +

Given equation: 3 - 6 × 18 + 4 ÷ 2 = 2

After interchanging the signs, we get:

L.H.S = 3 - 6 + 18 × 4 ÷ 2

= 3 – 6 + 36

= 39 – 6

= 33 ≠ R.H.S

Hence, ‘× and –’ is the correct answer.

As one dot is common on both the dice, it is clear that 2, 3, 4 and 5 dots are adjacent to it and the remaining dot i.e., 6 dot will be opposite to it.

So, 6 dots would appear on the face opposite to the face having one dot.

Hence, ‘6’ is the correct answer.

Given:

Sum amounts to Rs. 10,755 is 3 years and Rs. 12,510 in 6 years.

At the same rate and on the same principle.

Formula Used:

A = P + SI

SI = (P × N × R)/100

Where,

A is amount,

P is principle,

SI is simple interest,

R is rate of interest,

n is total number of years

Concept Used:

SI is always the same for every year.

Calculation:

Sum amounts to Rs. 10,755 is 3 years

After 6 years amount is Rs. 12,510 

Increase in amount,

⇒ 12,510 – 10,755

⇒ 1,755

So in the 3 years, the SI is 1,755

A = SI + P

⇒ 10,755 = 1,755 + P

⇒ P = 10,755 – 1,755

⇒ P = 9,000

In the first 3 years, SI is 1,755

Using the formual,

⇒ 1,755 = (9,000 × 3 × r)/100

⇒ r = (1,755 × 100)/(9,000 × 3)

⇒ r = 6.5%

Now rate of interest is doubled,

⇒ 6.5 × 2

⇒ 13%

Now p is Rs. 8,500 for 22/5 years at 13% 

SI = (8,500 × 13 × 22)/(100 × 5)

⇒ SI = 4,862

∴ Simple interest is Rs. 4,862.

Given:

Income A : Income B = 4 : 7

Expenditure A : Expenditure B = 1 : 2

Each of them saves Rs. 4,800 

Concept Used:

Income = Savings + Expenditure

Saving = Income – Expenditure

Calculation:

Let the income of A and B be 4x and 7x

The expenditure of A and B be y and 2y

⇒ Savings of A = 4x – y      ----(I)

⇒ Savings of B = 7x – 2y      ----(II)

Saving of A = Saving of B

⇒ 4x – y = 7x – 2y

⇒ y = 3x

Putting the above value in equation I,

⇒ 4x – 3x = 4,800

⇒ x = 4,800

The income of B is 7x,

⇒ 7 × 4,800

⇒ 33,600

∴ The income of B is Rs. 33,600

Alternate Method Income of A and B respectively = 4 : 7

Expenditures of A and B respectively = 1 : 2

Saving of each person = 4800 Rs

We have to equal differences between Income and expenditure

We have to multiply 3 by the expenditure 

Now, the new expenditure of both is 3b and 6b respectively

The difference in income and expenditure = 1 unit

1 unit = 4800

7 unit = 4800 × 7 = 33600

∴ The income of B = 33600

Given:

20 ≤  y ≤ 36

y is the product of two distinct prime numbers.

Concept Used:

Y is the product of two prime numbers,

So those two numbers must be lesser than y.

Calculation:

Prime numbers less than 36 are,

2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29, and 31

By hit and trial method,

Values of y are,

20 ≤ (2 × 11, 2 × 13, 2 × 17, 3 × 11, 3 × 7, 5 × 7) ≤ 36

So possible values of y = 21, 22, 26, 33, 34 and 35.

∴ The number of values of y is 6.

Given:

Sum are 182, 230, and 242

Formula Used:

Average = Sum of all observations/Total number of observations

Calculation:

According to the question,

(x + y)/2 + z = 182

(y + z)/2 + x = 230

(x + z)/2 + y = 242

Adding above three equations,

⇒ (x + y)/2 + z + (y + z)/2 + x + (x + z)/2 + y = 182 + 230 + 242

⇒ (x + y)/2 + (y + z)/2 + (x + z)/2 + x + y + z = 654

⇒ 2(x + y + z)/2 + x + y + z = 654

⇒ x + y + z + x + y + z = 654

⇒ 2(x + y + z) = 654

⇒ x + y + z = 654/2

⇒ x + y + z = 327

Now by using average formula,

Average of these 3 numbers,

⇒ (x + y + z)/3

⇒ 327/3

⇒ 109

∴ The average of these three numbers is 109.

Given:

8.4km upstream in 14 minutes. 

Speed of a boat in still water : Speed of a stream = 6 : 1 

Concept Used:

Speed = Distance/Time 

Speed in upstream = x – y

Speed in downstream = x + y  

Where,

x is a speed of a boat in still water,

y is a speed of a stream

Calculation:

Let the speed of a boat in still water be 6x,

Speed of a stream be x

Speed in upstream direction, x – y

⇒ 6x – x 

⇒ 5x

Speed = Distance/Time 

⇒ 5x = 8.4km/14 min

⇒ 5x = 0.6km/min

⇒ x = 0.6/5 km/min

Speed in downstream direction, x + y

⇒ 6x + x

⇒ 7x

Putting the value of x,

⇒ 7 × 0.6/5

⇒ 4.2/5

Distance to travel in downstream is 33.6 km

Using the formula,

⇒ 4.2/5 = 33.6/Time

⇒ Time = (33.6 × 5)/4.2

⇒ Time = 40 minutes

∴ Time required to cover 33.6 km distance is 40 minutes.

Given:

Cost of a Car is 300% more than cost of a Bike.

Formula Used:

Percent Increased = (New price – Original price)/Original Price × 100

Calculation:

Let the cost of a bike be Rs. 100

Cost of a car be 300% more than 100

⇒ Cost of car = 100 + 300% of 100

⇒ Cost of car = 100 + 300

⇒ Cost of car = 400

Now the cost of Car increased by 10%

New cost of Car = 110% of 400

⇒ New cost of Car = 110/100 × 400

⇒ New cost of Car = 440

Increase in cost of 1 Car,

⇒ 440 – 400

⇒ 40

And cost of a bike increased by 30% 

New cost of a bike = 130% of 100

⇒ New cost of a bike = 130/100 × 100

⇒ New cost of a bike = 130  

Increase in cost of 1 Bike,

⇒ 130 – 100

⇒ 30

Original price of 4 cars and 5 bikes is,

⇒ 4(400) + 5(100)

⇒ 1600 + 500

⇒ 2100

Increased price of 4 cars and 5 bikes is,

⇒ 4(40) + 5(30)

⇒ 160 + 150

⇒ 310

Percent increased = 310/2100 × 100

⇒ Percent increased = 310/21

⇒ Percent increased = 14.76

∴ The percent increased in the price is 14.8

Given:

She lost 20% when she sold it at 3/5 of actual selling price.

Formula Used:

Gain/Profit = SP – CP,

Percent gain/Profit = (SP – CP)/CP × 100,

Where,

SP is selling price,

CP is cost price 

Calculation:

Let the cost price be Rs. 100

When she sold at 3/5 of actual selling price he lost 20% on CP

⇒ 3/5 × SP = 80% × 100

⇒ 3/5 × SP = 80/100 × 100

⇒ 3/5 × SP = 80

⇒ SP = (80 × 5)/3

⇒ SP = 400/3

Actual selling price is 400/3

Now she sold at 90% of a actual selling price.

⇒ 90/100 × 400/3

⇒ 120

Now gain = SP – CP

⇒ Gain = 120 – 100

⇒ Gain = 20

Gain % = P/CP × 100

⇒ Gain % = 20/100 × 100

⇒ Gain % = 20%

∴ Total gain percent is 20%.

Given:

Area of a triangle is equal to Area of rectangle.

Sides of a triangle are 120m, 137.5m, and 182.5m

Ratio of sides of a rectangle is 30 : 11.

Formula Used:

Area of a rectangle = l × b,

Where,

l is length and b is breadth

Area of a triangle = √{s × (s – a)(s – b)(s – c)},

Where, 

a, b, and c are sides of a triangle

s is semi perimeter,s = (a + b + c)/2

Calculation:

s = (a + b + c)/2

⇒ s = (120 + 137.5 + 182.5)/2

⇒ s = 440/2

⇒ s = 220

Area of triangle = √{220 × (220 – 120) × (220 – 137.5) × (220 – 182.5)} 

⇒ Area of triangle = √(220 × 100 × 82.5 × 37.5) 

Let say the sides of rectangle be 30x and 11x

Area of a rectangle = l × b

⇒ Area of a rectangle = 30x × 11x

According to the question,

⇒  √(220 × 100 × 82.5 × 37.5) = 30x × 11x

Taking square on both sides,

⇒ ( 30x × 11x)² = (220 × 100 × 82.5 × 37.5)

⇒ 30x × 30x × 11x × 11x = 220 × 100 × 82.5 × 37.5

⇒ x4 = 625

⇒ x4 = 5⁴

⇒ x = 5

Longest side of a rectangle is 30x

⇒ 30 × 5

⇒ 150

∴ The length of longest side of a rectangle is 150m.

Given:

Radius of a Cylinder : Radius of a Cone = 1 : 3

Height of a Cylinder = 1.5 × Slant height of a Cone

Formula Used:

Curved surface area of Cylinder = 2πRh,

Curved surface area of Cone = πrl,  

Where,

R is a radius of a cylinder,

h is height of a cylinder,

r is a radius of a cone,

l is a slant of a cone,

Calculation:

h = 1.5 × l

The ratio of Curved surface area of a Cylinder and a Cone,

⇒  2πRh :  πrl

⇒ $\frac{{2.\pi .R.1.5l;}}{{\pi .r.l}}$

⇒ $\frac{{2 \times 1 \times 3;}}{{3 \times 2}}$

⇒ 1 : 1

∴ The ratio is 1 : 1

Given:

Two successive discounts of 10% and 20%

Earns a profit of 8%

Formula Used:

Equivalent Discount = a + b – (a × b)/100,

Where,

a is the first discount,

b is the second discount

Concept Used:

SP = CP + P,

SP = MP – D,

Where,

SP is selling price,

CP is cost price,

MP is marked price,

D is discounted price.

Calculation:

Equivalent Discount of two successive discounts of 10% and 20%,

⇒ 10 + 20 – (10 × 20)/100

⇒ 30 – 2

⇒ 28% 

A shopkeeper earns an 8% profit

Let the Cost price of an item be Rs. 100

Then the selling price will be Rs. 108

After giving a 28% of discount on MP, he sold an item at Rs. 108

⇒ MP = 108 × 100/72

⇒ MP = 150

MP is more than CP by,

⇒ 150 – 100 = 50

⇒ 50/100 × 100 = 50%

∴ MP is more than CP by 50%.

Given:

18 persons completes a work in 15 days working 6 hours a day.

Formula Used:

$\frac{{M1.D1.T1.E1}}{{W1.C1}} = ;\frac{{M2.D2.T2.E2}}{{W2.C2}}$

Where,

M is number of  working men

D is total number of days

T is total hours of working days

E is efficiency of working men

W is total work

C is consumption of a working men

Calculation:

⇒ 18 × 15 × 6 = 12 × Days of working × 10

⇒ Number of working days = (18 × 15 × 6)/(12 × 10)

⇒ Number of working days = 27/2

⇒ Number of working days = $13\dfrac{1}{2}$days.

∴ The number days required to complete the work is $13\dfrac{1}{2}$days.

Shortcut Trick

 

The percentage increase in her expenditure 

⇒ (90 - 75) /100 =15/75 × 100 = 20

∴ the correct answer is 20

Given:

Rekha spends 75% of her monthly income.

Her income increases by 15% and still,

She saves the same amount as before.

Formula Used:

Income = Expenditure + Savings

Calculation:

Let the income of Rekha be Rs. 100

She spends 75% of 100

Rekha's Expenditure = 75/100 × 100

⇒ Rekha's Expenditure = 75      ----(I) 

Rekha's savings = 100 – 75

⇒ Rekha's saving = Rs. 25

Now her income increased by 15%,

⇒ 100 + 15% of her income

⇒ 100 + 15/100 × 100

⇒ Rs. 115

Still Rekha's saving is still Rs. 25 

Then her expenditure is,

⇒ 115 – 25 

⇒ Rs. 90      ----(II)

Her increase in expenditure,

⇒ 90 – 75

⇒ Rs. 15

Percent increase in Expenditure = Increase/Expenditure × 100

⇒ Percent increase in Expenditure = 15/75 × 100

⇒ Percent increase in Expenditure = 20%

∴ The percent increase in her expenditure is 20%.

Given:

Sum amounts to 72.8% more than itself in 3 years,

When Compounded annually.

Formula Used:

A = P + CI

A = P(1 + R/100)ⁿ

Where, 

CI is compound interest,

A is amount,

P is principle,

R is rate, 

n is total number of years

Calculation:

Let the sum be Rs. 1,000

Amount to 72.8% more in 3 years

Amount = CI + P

⇒ Amount = (72.8/100) × 1,000 + 1,000

⇒ Amount = 728 + 1,000

⇒ Amount = 1,728

Now putting the value in the formula,

⇒ 1,728 = 1,000(1 + R/100)³

⇒ 1,728/1,000 = {(100 + R)/100}³

⇒ (12/10)³ = {(100 + R)/100}3

⇒ 12/10 = (100 + R)/100

⇒ 120 = 100 + R

⇒ R = 120 – 100

⇒ R = 20%

Now compounding Rs.9,000 for 3/2 years at the same rate,

If the interest is compound six-monthly,

For 3/2 years,

⇒ 3/2 × 12

⇒ 18 months

But compounded six-monthly,

⇒ 18/6 = 3

When compounded half-yearly, i.e. six-monthly,

⇒ R = 20/2 = 10%

Now using formula,

⇒ A = 9,000(1 + 10/100)³

⇒ A = 9,000(11/10)³

⇒ A = 9,000 × 11/10 × 11/10 × 11/10

⇒ A = 9 × 11 × 11 × 11

⇒ A = 11,979

Now for compound interest,

⇒ CI = A – P

⇒ CI = 11,979 – 9,000

⇒ CI = 2,979

∴ The compound interest is Rs. 2,979.

Given:

\(3\dfrac{2}{3} ÷ 2\dfrac{1}{5} \ \text{of} \ \dfrac{2}{3} - \dfrac{2}{3} × \dfrac{7}{10} + \left(\dfrac{2}{3} × 0.4̅ 1 ÷ 0.\overline {37}\right) ÷ 1\dfrac{3}{8} \)

Concept Used:

0.a̅ = a/9

0.ab̅ = (ab-a)/90

$0.\overline {ab}$ = ab/99

Calculation:

⇒ 11/3 ÷ 11/5  × 2/3 – 2/3 × 7/10 + {2/3 × (41 – 4)/90 ÷ 37/99} ÷ 11/8

⇒ 11/3 ÷ 11/5 × 2/3 –  2/3 × 7/10 + (2/3 × 37/90 × 99/37) × 8/11

⇒ 11/3 ÷ 22/15 – 7/15 + 11/15 × 8/11

⇒ 11/3 × 15/22 – 7/15 + 8/15

⇒ 5/2 + 1/15

⇒ 77/30

∴ The value of given equations is $\frac{{77}}{{30}}$

Given:

The numbers are 6539, 7391, and 8882

Concept Used:

HCF of large numbers is equal to the HCF of difference between them.

Calculation:

7391 – 6539 = 852

8882 – 7391 = 1491

8882 – 6539 = 2343

The HCF of 852, 1491, and 2343,

852 = 4 × 3 × 71

1491 = 7 × 3 × 71

2343 = 11 × 3 × 71

HCF of these numbers is = 3 × 71

⇒ HCF = 213 

The HCF of 6539, 7391, and 8882 is also 213

When we divide all the above numbers by 213,

The same remainder is 149

⇒ The value of x = 213

3x – 98

⇒ 3(213) – 98

⇒ 639 – 98 

⇒ 541

∴ The value of 3x – 98 is 541.

The correct answer is SMTP.

Key Points

• SMTP stands for Simple Mail Transfer Protocol.
• The Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) is an internet standard communication protocol for electronic mail transmission.
• Mail servers and other message transfer agents use SMTP to send and receive mail messages.
• The Internet Message Access Protocol (IMAP) is a mail protocol used for accessing email on a remote web server from a local client.
• IMAP and POP3 are the two most commonly used Internet mail protocols for retrieving emails.
• Both protocols are supported by all modern email clients and web servers.

Additional Information

• HTTP is the HyperText Transfer Protocol it is an application-layer protocol for transmitting hypermedia documents, such as HTML.
• Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) is a procedure for mapping a dynamic Internet Protocol address (IP address) to a permanent physical machine address in a local area network (LAN).
• The ICMP stands for Internet Control Message Protocol.
• It is a network layer protocol. It is used for error handling in the network layer, and it is primarily used on network devices such as routers.

The correct answer is Review, Proofing.

Key Points

• To run a spelling and grammar check:
• Go to the Review tab.
• Within the Proofing Group, click on the Spelling & Grammar command.
• The Spelling and Grammar dialog box will open.
• For each error in your document, Word will try to offer one or more suggestions.

Additional Information

• To spell-check your entire document, click Review > Proofing > Spelling & Grammar.
• If the program finds spelling mistakes, a dialog box or task pane appears with the first misspelled word found by the spelling checker.

The correct answer is Today().

Key Points

• The TODAY() function takes no arguments and returns the current date, updated whenever a worksheet is changed or opened.
• You can also use F9 to force the worksheet to recalculate and update the value.
• If you need the current date and time, use the NOW() function.

Additional Information

• The DATE() Function in Excel is categorized under Excel Date/Time Functions.
• It is the main function used to calculate dates in Excel.
• TIME() function is a built-in function that allows you to create a time with individual hour, minute, and second components.

The correct answer is Ctrl + Alt + V.

Key Points

• It is one of the most useful variants in Microsoft Office is Ctrl-Alt-V, which is a “smart paste” command.
• This pops up a box that lets you choose how you want to paste in the contents of the clipboard.
• The options can include unformatted text, or text in RTF, HTML, or Unicode formats.

Additional Information

Important Shortcut keys used in MS Word:

• Cut the selected content to the Clipboard - Ctrl+X
• Copy the selected content to the Clipboard - Ctrl+C
• Paste the contents of the Clipboard -Ctrl+V
• Increase the font size by 1 point.- Ctrl+]
• Center the text - Ctrl+E
• Align the text to the left - Ctrl+L

The correct answer is World Wide Web.

Key Points

• The World Wide Web (WWW), commonly known as the Web, is an information system where documents and other web resources are identified by Uniform Resource Locators which may be interlinked by hyperlinks and are accessible over the Internet.
• The resources of the Web are transferred via the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP), may be accessed by users by a software application called a web browser, and are published by a software application called a web server.

Additional Information

• A web server is server software or a system of one or more computers dedicated to running this software, that can satisfy client HTTP requests on the public World Wide Web or also on private LANs and WANs.
• A Uniform Resource Locator (URL), colloquially termed a web address.

The correct answer is Transmission Control Protocol and Internet Protocol.

Key Points

• TCP/IP stands for Transmission Control Protocol and Internet Protocol.
• The Internet protocol suite is the conceptual model and set of communications protocols used in the Internet and similar computer networks.
• It is commonly known as TCP/IP because the foundational protocols in the suite are the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and the Internet Protocol (IP).

Additional Information

• Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is an application-layer protocol for transmitting hypermedia documents, such as HTML.
• SMTP stands for Simple Mail Transfer Protocol.
• The File Transfer Protocol (FTP) is a standard communication protocol used for the transfer of computer files from a server to a client on a computer network.